Liberalism in Europe - Wikipedia Liberalism in Europe From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Part of a series on Liberalism History Age of Enlightenment List of liberal theorists (contributions to liberal theory) Ideas Civil and political rights Cultural liberalism Democracy Democratic capitalism Economic freedom Economic liberalism Egalitarianism Free market Free trade Freedom of the press Freedom of religion Freedom of speech Gender equality Harm principle Internationalism Laissez-faire Liberty Market economy Natural and legal rights Negative/positive liberty Non-aggression Principle Open society Permissive society Private property Rule of law Secularism Separation of church and state Social contract Welfare state Schools of thought Anarcho-capitalism Classical liberalism Radical liberalism Left-libertarianism Geolibertarianism Right-libertarianism Conservative liberalism Democratic liberalism Green liberalism Liberal autocracy Liberal Catholicism Liberal conservatism Liberal feminism Equity feminism Liberal internationalism Liberal nationalism Liberal socialism Social democracy Muscular liberalism Neoliberalism National liberalism Ordoliberalism Radical centrism Religious liberalism Christian Islamic Jewish Secular liberalism Social liberalism Technoliberalism Third Way Whiggism People Acton Alain Alberdi Alembert Arnold Aron Badawi Barante Bastiat Bentham Berlin Beveridge Bobbio Brentano Bright Broglie Burke Čapek Cassirer Chicherin Chu Chydenius Clinton Cobden Collingdood Condorcet Constant Croce Cuoco Dahrendorf Decy Dewey Dickens Diderot Dongsun Dunoyer Dworkin Einaudi Emerson Eötvös Flach Friedman Galbraith Garrison George Gladstone Gobetti Gomes Gray Green Gu Guizot Hayek Herbert Hobbes Hobhouse Hobson Holbach Hu Humboldt Jefferson Jubani Kant Kelsen Kemal Keynes Korais Korwin-Mikke Kymlicka Lamartine Larra Lecky Li Lincoln Locke Lufti Macaulay Madariaga Madison Martineau Masani Michelet Mill (father) Mill (son) Milton Mises Molteno Mommsen Money Montalembert Montesquieu Mora Mouffe Naoroji Naumann Nozick Nussbaum Obama Ohlin Ortega Paine Paton Popper Price Priestley Prieto Quesnay Qin Ramírez Rathenau Rawls Raz Renan Renouvier Renzi Ricardo Röpke Rorthy Rosmini Rosselli Rousseau Ruggiero Sarmiento Say Sen Earl of Shaftesbury Shklar Sidney Sieyès Şinasi Sismondi Smith Soto Polar Spencer Spinoza Staël Sumner Tahtawi Tao Thierry Thorbecke Thoreau Tocqueville Tracy Troeltsch Turgot Villemain Voltaire Ward Weber Wollstonecraft Zambrano Organizations Africa Liberal Network Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party Arab Liberal Federation Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats European Democratic Party European Liberal Youth European Party for Individual Liberty International Alliance of Libertarian Parties International Federation of Liberal Youth Liberal International Liberal Network for Latin America Liberal parties Liberal South East European Network Regional variants Europe Latin America Albania Armenia Australia Austria Belgium Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Canada China Chile Colombia Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech lands Denmark Ecuador Egypt Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Iran Israel Italy Japan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Mexico Moldova Montenegro Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain South Africa South Korea Sweden Switzerland Thailand Tunisia Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom United States Arizona School Classical Modern Uruguay Venezuela Zimbabwe Related topics Bias in academia Bias in the media  Liberalism portal  Politics portal v t e A general overview and comprehensive discussion of this topic may be found in the article Liberalism. In general, liberalism in Europe is a political movement that supports a broad tradition of individual liberties and constitutionally-limited and democratically accountable government. These European derivatives of classical liberalism are found in centrist movements and parties as well as some parties on the centre-right and the centre-left. Liberalism in Europe has a different meaning from the signification it has in contemporary politics in the US.[1] In America, liberals might be confused with leftists which advocate for a larger government, some forms of protectionism and more economic interventionism;[2] whereas European liberals usually favor limited government, free trade and adhere to economic liberalism.[1] European liberals also usually support the federalisation of the EU.[3] Contents 1 Liberal practices 2 Ideology 2.1 European Union 2.2 Social Issues 3 Parties 3.1 Government 4 See also 5 Notes Liberal practices[edit] Emmanuel Macron, President of France, is often described as the strongest advocate for liberalism in Europe[4] Liberal political parties have specific policies, which the social scientist can either read from party manifestos, or infer from actual actions and laws passed by ostensibly liberal parties. The sources listed below serve to illustrate some of the current liberal attitudes in Europe. the policies of liberal parties in government, including those in coalition arrangements (taking into mind that coalition partners make compromises), since they show what liberals are prepared to accept as well as the policies of liberal parties in opposition the positions of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe faction in the European Parliament[5] and the Electoral Manifestos of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party.[6] the forum of the German FDP,[7] which is relatively unmoderated, and illustrates grassroots liberal concerns. Sites of other Liberal parties, e.g. the British Liberal Democrats[8] and the Netherlands' Democrats 66,[9] are more heavily moderated and therefore more representative for the policy of liberal parties. the Belgian website / think tank Liberales.be[10] which has longer essays on new liberal policies the views and policies of the Open Society Institute, since they explicitly claim to derive from the principles of a major liberal philosopher, Karl Popper. the Lisbon Strategy of the European Union, since it is strongly supported by the liberal parties, and sets out a vision of a future Europe. Additionally, liberal value preferences can be inferred from the liberalisation programmes and policies of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. The liberalism visible in these sources emphasizes in comparison with other ideologies more belief in individual development as a motor for society and the state providing a social safety net. The liberal policies differ from country to country and from party to party. Ideology[edit] European Union[edit] European liberalists tend to support the European Union[11][12][13][14][15][16] such as Emmanuel Macron, President of France who campigned against Marine Le Pen a National Rally candidate a far right nationalist anti EU party.[17][18][19] Some European liberalists support Federalisation of the European Union such as prominent European Liberalist politicians such as Guy Verhofstadt (Prime Minister of Belgium 1999 to 2008)[20][21] , Viviane Reading (Vice-President of the European Commission),[22] and Matteo Renzi (Prime Minister of Italy 2014 to 2016).[23] Social Issues[edit] Parties[edit] Government[edit] Country Symbol Parties Head of State/Head of Government Upper/ Lower House Founded Leader/Founder Former Party Eupoean/ International Affliction Ideology/ Political Position  Belgium Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats Flemish Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten Prime Minister Alexander De Croo Chamber of Representatives (Lower House) 12 / 87 Senate (Upper House) 5 / 60 Coalition Open Vld MR sp.a PS CD&V Ecolo Groen 1992 (VLD) 2007 (Open VLD) Leader Egbert Lachaert Preceded By Party for Freedom and Progress Eupoean Renew Europe Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) International Liberal International (LI) Ideology Liberalism[24][25] Conservative liberalism[26][27] Social liberalism[11] Pro-Europeanism[11] Political Position Centre Reformist Movement French Mouvement Réformateur N/A Chamber of Representatives (Lower House) 14 / 87 Senate (Upper House) 8 / 60 Coalition Open Vld MR sp.a PS CD&V Ecolo Groen 21 March 2002 Leader Georges-Louis Bouchez Preceded By Liberal Reformist Party Citizens' Movement for Change Eupoean Renew Europe Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) International Liberal International (LI) Ideology Liberalism[25][28] Conservative liberalism[26][27] Social liberalism[29] Pro-Europeanism Political Position Centre-right[30][31]  Croatia Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats (HNS – LD) Croatian Hrvatska narodna stranka – Liberalni demokrati (HNS – LD) N/A Sabor 1 / 151 Coalition Croatian Democratic Union Independent Democratic Serb Party with support from HSLS, HDS, HDSSB, HNS, Reformists, Democratic Union of Hungarians, Kali Sara, Union of Albanians and Independents 13 October 1990 Leader Predrag Štromar Founder Savka Dabčević-Kučar Preceded By Coalition of People's Accord Regional Liberal South East European Network Eupoean Renew Europe Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Ideology Social liberalism[32] Pro-Europeanism[12] Political Position Centre[33] to centre-left[34]  Finland Centre Party Finnish Suomen Keskusta, Kesk Swedish Centern i Finland Deputy Prime Minister Annika Saarikko Parliament31 / 200 European Parliament2 / 14 Coalition Social Democratic Party Centre Party Green League Left Alliance Swedish People's Party 1906 Leader Annika Saarikko Preceded by Annika Saarikko Eupoean Renew Europe International Liberal International (LI) Ideology Agrarianism[35] Liberal conservatism[36] Social liberalism[37] Political Position Centre[35][36][38][39] Swedish People's Party of Finland Swedish Svenska folkpartiet i Finland Finnish Suomen ruotsalainen kansanpuolue N/A Parliament10 / 200 European Parliament1 / 14 Coalition Social Democratic Party Centre Party Green League Left Alliance Swedish People's Party 1906 Leader Anna-Maja Henriksson Founder Axel Lille Axel Olof Freudenthal Preceded by Svecoman movement Eupoean Renew Europe Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) International Liberal International (LI) Ideology Swedish-speaking minority interests[40] Social liberalism[40][41] Pro-Europeanism[13] Political Position Centre[42]  France La République En Marche! President Emmanuel Macron Prime Minister Jean Castex National Assembly (Lower House) 280 / 577 Senate (Upper House) 23 / 348 European Parliament 11 / 79 Coalition LREM MoDem MR Agir TDP 6 April 2016 Leader Stanislas Guerini Founder Emmanuel Macron Eupoean Renew Europe Ideology Liberalism[43] Pro-Europeanism[14] Political Position Centre[44] See also[edit] Liberalism by country for discussion of individual states of Europe Classical liberalism Economic liberalism Social liberalism Notes[edit] ^ a b Goldfarb, Michael (2010-07-20). "Liberal? Are we talking about the same thing?". BBC News. Retrieved 2020-08-06. ^ Greenberg, David (September 12, 2019). "The danger of confusing liberals and leftists". Washington Post. Retrieved 2020-08-06. ^ "Our Policies". Volt Europa. Retrieved 2020-09-19. ^ "Emmanuel Macron, the resolutely modern philosopher king". The Economist. 2018-06-13. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2019-03-21. ^ ALDE Group in the European Parliament : Home[permanent dead link] ^ European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Manifestos ^ "FDP :: FDP Bundesverband". Forum.fdp-bundesverband.de. Archived from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2012-04-27. ^ "Liberal Democrats : Home". Libdems.org.uk. 2012-04-20. Retrieved 2012-04-27. ^ "democrats.nl". democrats.nl. Retrieved 2012-04-27. ^ "Liberales". Liberales.be. 2004-12-01. Retrieved 2012-04-27. ^ a b c Almeida, Dimitri (2012-04-27). The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203123621. ISBN 978-0-203-12362-1. ^ a b Gladoic, Andrea. "Croatia's Largest Political Parties". Expat in Croatia. Retrieved 12 October 2018. ^ a b RKP, SFP (2019). "SFP:s Riksdag ValsProgram 2019". SFP. Retrieved 18 April 2019. ^ a b "Emmanuel Macron a Berlin pour se donner une stature européenne". Le Monde. 10 January 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017. ^ Edwards, Maxim (13 December 2018). "Armenia's Revolution Will Not be Monopolized". Foreign Policy. Bright Armenia is an avowedly pro-EU and classical liberal political party... ^ "Fayrer, Sir John (Lang Macpherson), (18 Oct. 1944–9 March 2017)", Who's Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u15557, retrieved 2020-10-15 ^ Macron, Emmanuel (2018). "Discours du Président de la République, Emmanuel Macron, à l'occasion de la remise du Prix Charlemagne de la ville d'Aix-la-Chapelle le 10 mai 2018". Allemagne d'aujourd'hui. 224 (2): 17. doi:10.3917/all.224.0017. ISSN 0002-5712. ^ Le Breton, Morgane (2017). "Ce qui est bon pour Enron est bon pour le climat". Entreprises et histoire. 86 (1): 151. doi:10.3917/eh.086.0151. ISSN 1161-2770. ^ "Graphique 4.2. Une consolidation budgétaire plus ambitieuse accroît la croissance potentielle". dx.doi.org. doi:10.1787/888932612306. Retrieved 2020-10-15. ^ Bruno Waterfield in Brussels (18 February 2009). "Blueprint for EU army to be agreed". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2014. ^ "International news - euronews, latest international news". Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2014. ^ EUROPA - PRESS RELEASES - Press release - Why we need a United States of Europe now ^ "Italy to push for 'United States of Europe' when it holds the EU presidency". Telegraph.co.uk. 22 June 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2014. ^ Bartley, Robert L. (2019-06-10), "Liberalism 1976: A Conservative Critique", The Relevance of Liberalism, Routledge, pp. 61–96, doi:10.4324/9780429304316-3, ISBN 978-0-429-30431-6, retrieved 2020-10-13 ^ a b Close, Caroline; Delwit, Pascal (2019-02-12), "Liberal parties and elections", Liberal Parties in Europe, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Party families in Europe: Routledge, pp. 281–309, doi:10.4324/9781351245500-15, ISBN 978-1-351-24550-0, retrieved 2020-10-13CS1 maint: location (link) ^ a b Slomp, Hans, 1945- (2011). Europe, a political profile : an American companion to European politics. Volume 1. Slomp, Hans, 1945-. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-39182-8. OCLC 759986337.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ^ a b Starke, Peter, 1977- (2013). The welfare state as crisis manager : explaining the diversity of policy responses to economic crisis. Kaasch, Alexandra, 1977-, Hooren, Franca van, 1983-. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-31484-0. OCLC 844063308.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ^ European politics. Hay, Colin, 1968-, Menon, Anand, 1965-. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-928428-3. OCLC 71541592.CS1 maint: others (link) ^ Almeida, Dimitri, 1981- (2012). The impact of European integration on political parties : beyond the permissive consensus. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-69374-5. OCLC 731925262.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ^ Comparative European politics. Colomer, Josep Maria. (3rd ed.). London: Routledge. 2008. ISBN 978-0-415-43755-4. OCLC 182716576.CS1 maint: others (link) ^ Neo-nationalism in Europe and beyond : perspectives from social anthropology. Gingrich, André., Banks, Marcus. New York: Berghahn Books. 2006. ISBN 978-1-78238-611-7. OCLC 607904369.CS1 maint: others (link) ^ Close, Caroline (12 February 2019). "The liberal party family ideology: Distinct, but diverse". In Close, Caroline; van Haute, Emilie (eds.). Liberal Parties in Europe. Routledge. p. 339. ISBN 9781351245487. ^ Gladoic, Andrea. "Croatia's Largest Political Parties". Expat in Croatia. Retrieved 12 October 2018. ^ "Key Political Parties in Croatia". Balkan Insight. 27 September 2010. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2015). "Finland". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. ^ a b "Finland—Political parties". Norwegian Centre for Research Data. Retrieved 8 March 2019. ^ "Finland's largest political parties". Europarlamentti.info. ^ Josep M. Colomer (2008). Political Institutions in Europe. Routledge. p. 260. ISBN 978-1-134-07354-2. ^ Andrews Nordlund (2007). "Nordic social politics in the late twentieth century: An analysis of the political reform agenda". In Nanna Kildal; Stein Kuhnle (eds.). Normative Foundations of the Welfare State: The Nordic Experience. Routledge. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-134-27283-9. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Finland". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 15 April 2019. ^ Vít Hloušek; Lubomír Kopeček (2010). Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe Compared. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-7546-7840-3. ^ Lane, Jan-Erik; Ersson, Svante (2008). Josep M. Colomer (ed.). The Nordic Countries: Compromise and Corporatism in the Welfare State. Political Institutions in Europe. Routledge. p. 260. ISBN 978-1-134-07354-2. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "France". Parties and Elections in Europe. ^ Milner, Susan (6 February 2017). "Emmanuel Macron and the building of a new liberal-centrist movement". EUROPP. London School of Economics. Retrieved 25 April 2017. v t e Liberalism in Europe Sovereign states Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom States with limited recognition Abkhazia Artsakh Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria Dependencies and other entities Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Europe&oldid=993521081" Categories: Liberalism in Europe Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from December 2017 Articles with permanently dead external links CS1 maint: location CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list CS1 maint: others Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages Čeština Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Türkçe Edit links This page was last edited on 11 December 2020, at 01:36 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Mobile view Developers Statistics Cookie statement