Gustav Radbruch - Wikipedia Gustav Radbruch From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search This article includes a list of general references, but it remains largely unverified because it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Gustav Radbruch Minister of Justice In office 13 August 1923 – 23 November 1923 Chancellor Gustav Stresemann Preceded by Rudolf Heinze Succeeded by Erich Emminger In office 26 October 1921 – 14 November 1922 Chancellor Joseph Wirth Preceded by Eugen Schiffer Succeeded by Rudolf Heinze Personal details Born (1878-11-21)21 November 1878 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Prussia Died 23 November 1949(1949-11-23) (aged 71) Heidelberg Political party Social Democratic Party Alma mater University of Berlin University of Heidelberg Profession Lawyer, legal philosopher Gustav Radbruch (21 November 1878 – 23 November 1949) was a German legal scholar and politician. He served as Minister of Justice of Germany during the early Weimar period. Radbruch is also regarded as one of the most influential legal philosophers of the 20th century. Contents 1 Life 2 Work 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External links Life[edit] Born in Lübeck, Radbruch studied law in Munich, Leipzig and Berlin. He passed his first bar exam ("Staatsexamen") in Berlin in 1901, and the following year he received his doctorate with a dissertation on "The Theory of Adequate Causation". This was followed in 1903 by his qualification to teach criminal law in Heidelberg. In 1904, he was appointed Professor of criminal and trial law and legal philosophy in Heidelberg. In 1914 he accepted a call to a professorship in Königsberg, and later that year assumed a professorship at Kiel.[1] [2] Radbruch was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), and held a seat in the Reichstag from 1920 to 1924. In 1921–22 and throughout 1923, he was minister of justice in the cabinets of Joseph Wirth and Gustav Stresemann. During his time in office, a number of important laws were implemented, such as those giving women access to the justice system, and, after the assassination of Walter Rathenau, the law for the protection of the republic. In 1926, Radbruch accepted a renewed call to lecture at Heidelberg where he delivered his inaugural lecture entitled "Der Mensch im Recht" ("Law's Image of the Human") as the newly appointed Professor of Criminal Law on 13 November 1926.[3] After the Nazi seizure of power in January 1933, Radbruch, as a former Social Democratic politician, was dismissed from his university post under the terms of the so-called "Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service" ("Gesetz zur Wiederherstellung des Berufsbeamtentums"). (The universities, as public bodies, were subject to civil service laws and regulations.) Despite the employment ban in Nazi Germany, during 1935/36 he was able to spend a year in England, at University College, Oxford. An important practical outcome of this was his book, "Der Geist des englischen Rechts" ("The Spirit of English Law"), although this could be published only in 1945.[4] During the Nazi period, he devoted himself primarily to cultural-historical work. Immediately after the end of the Second World War in 1945, he resumed his teaching activities, but died at Heidelberg in 1949 without being able to complete his planned updated edition of his textbook on legal philosophy. In September 1945, Radbruch published a short paper Fünf Minuten Rechtsphilosophie (Five Minutes of Legal Philosophy), that was influential in shaping the jurisprudence of values (Wertungsjurisprudenz), prevalent in the aftermath of World War II as a reaction against legal positivism.[5][6][7] Work[edit] Title page "Rechtsphilosophie" (1932) Radbruch's legal philosophy derived from Neokantianism, which assumes that a categorical cleavage exists between "is" (sein) and "ought" (sollen). According to this view, "should" can never be derived from "Being." Indicative of the Heidelberg school of neokantianism to which Radbruch subscribed was that it interpolated the value-related cultural studies between the explanatory sciences (being) and philosophical teachings of values (should). His grave in Heidelberg In relation to the law, this triadism shows itself in the subfields of legal sociology, legal philosophy and legal dogma. Legal dogma assumes a place in between. It posits itself in opposition to positive law, as the latter depicts itself in social reality and methodologically in the objective "should-have" sense of law, which reveals itself through value-related interpretation. The core of Radbruch's legal philosophy consists of his tenets the concept of law and the idea of law. The idea of law is defined through a triad of justice, utility and certainty. Radbruch thereby had the idea of utility or usefulness spring forth from an analysis of the idea of justice. Upon this notion was based the Radbruch formula, which is still vigorously debated today. The concept of law, for Radbruch, is "nothing other than the given fact, which has the sense to serve the idea of law." Hotly disputed is the question whether Radbruch was a legal positivist before 1933 and executed an about-face in his thinking due to the advent of Nazism, or whether he continued to develop, under the impression of Nazi crimes, the relativistic values-teaching he had already been advocating before 1933. The problem of the controversy between the spirit and the letter of the law, in Germany, has been brought back to public attention due to the trials of former East German soldiers who guarded the Berlin Wall—the so-called necessity of following orders. Radbruch's theories are posited against the positivist "pure legal tenets" represented by Hans Kelsen and, to some extent, also from Georg Jellinek. In sum, Radbruch's formula argues that where statutory law is incompatible with the requirements of justice "to an intolerable degree", or where statutory law was obviously designed in a way that deliberately negates "the equality that is the core of all justice", statutory law must be disregarded by a judge in favour of the justice principle. Since its first publication in 1946 the principle has been accepted by Germany's Federal Constitutional Court in a variety of cases. Many people partially blame the older German legal tradition of legal positivism for the ease with which Hitler obtained power in an outwardly "legal" manner, rather than by means of a coup. Arguably, the shift to a concept of natural law ought to act as a safeguard against dictatorship, an untrammeled State power and the abrogation of civil rights. References[edit] ^ "Biografie Gustav Radbruch (German)". Deutsches Historisches Museum. Retrieved 24 October 2014. ^ "Biografie Gustav Radbruch(German)". Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. Retrieved 24 October 2014. ^ Radbruch, Gustav (2020). "Law's Image of the Human". Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. doi:10.1093/ojls/gqaa026. ^ Robert Alexy. "Famous scholars from Kiel: Gustav Radbruch". The lawyer and SPD politician was Minister for Justice in the Weimar Republic. He taught at Kiel University from 1919 to 1926. Professor Robert Alexy introduces the eminent legal philosopher. Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. Retrieved 19 June 2018. ^ Radbruch, Gustav (2006). Translated by Litschewski Paulson, Bonnie; Paulson, Stanley. "Five Minutes of Legal Philosophy (1945)". Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 26: 13–15. doi:10.1093/ojls/gqi042. ^ See also Radbruch, Gustav (2006). Translated by Litschewski Paulson, Bonnie; Paulson, Stanley. "Statutory Lawlessness and Supra-Statutory Law (1946)". Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 26: 1–11. doi:10.1093/ojls/gqi041. ^ Paulson, Stanley L. (2006). "On the Background and Significance of Gustav Radbruch's Post-War Papers". Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 26: 17–40. doi:10.1093/ojls/gqi043. Further reading[edit] Wikiquote has quotations related to: Gustav Radbruch Kaufmann, Arthur (1987). Gustav Radbruch – Rechtsdenker, Philosoph, Sozialdemokrat (in German). Munich: Piper Verlag. von Hippel, Fritz (1951). Gustav Radbruch als rechtsphilosophischer Denker (in German). Heidelberg: Schneider Verlag. Van Niekerk, Barend (1973). The Warning Voice from Heidelberg: the life and thought of Gustav Radbruch. Kenwyn: Juta. External links[edit] Newspaper clippings about Gustav Radbruch in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW v t e Jurisprudence Legal theory Critical legal studies Comparative law Economic analysis Legal norms International legal theory Legal history Philosophy of law Sociology of law Philosophers Alexy Allan Aquinas Aristotle Austin Beccaria Bentham Betti Bickel Blackstone Bobbio Bork Brożek Cardozo Castanheira Neves Chafee Coleman Del Vecchio Durkheim Dworkin Ehrlich Feinberg Fineman Finnis Frank Fuller Gardner George Green Grisez Grotius Gurvitch Habermas Han Hart Hegel Hobbes Hohfeld Hägerström Jellinek Jhering Kant Kelsen Köchler Kramer Llewellyn Lombardía Luhmann Lundstedt Lyons MacCormick Marx Nussbaum Olivecrona Pashukanis Perelman Petrażycki Pontes de Miranda Posner Pound Puchta Pufendorf Radbruch Rawls Raz Reale Reinach Renner Ross Rumi Savigny Scaevola Schauer Schmitt Shang Simmonds Somló Suárez Tribe Unger Voegelin Waldron Walzer Weber Wronkowska Ziembiński Znamierowski Theories Analytical jurisprudence Deontological ethics Fundamental theory of canon law Interpretivism Legalism Legal moralism Legal positivism Legal realism Libertarian theories of law Natural law Paternalism Utilitarianism Virtue jurisprudence Concepts Dharma Fa Judicial interpretation Justice Legal system Li Rational-legal authority Usul al-Fiqh Related articles Law Political philosophy Index Category Law portal Philosophy portal WikiProject Law WikiProject Philosophy changes v t e Secretaries and Ministers of Justice of Germany German Empire (1871–1919) Heinrich Friedberg Hermann von Schelling [de] Otto von Oehlschläger Robert Bosse [de] Eduard Hanauer [de] Rudolf Arnold Nieberding Hermann Lisco Paul von Krause Weimar Republic (1919–1932) Otto Landsberg Eugen Schiffer Andreas Blunck Eugen Schiffer Gustav Radbruch Rudolf Heinze Gustav Radbruch Erich Emminger Curt Joël Josef Frenken Hans Luther Wilhelm Marx Johannes Bell Oskar Hergt Erich Koch-Weser Theodor von Guérard Johann Viktor Bredt Curt Joël Franz Gürtner Nazi Germany (1933–1945) Franz Gürtner Franz Schlegelberger Otto Georg Thierack German Democratic Republic (1949–1990) Max Fechner Hilde Benjamin Kurt Wünsche Hans-Joachim Heusinger [de] Kurt Wünsche Manfred Walther [de] Federal Republic of Germany (1949–) Thomas Dehler Fritz Neumayer Hans-Joachim von Merkatz Fritz Schäffer Wolfgang Stammberger Ewald Bucher Karl Weber Richard Jaeger Gustav Heinemann Horst Ehmke Gerhard Jahn Hans-Jochen Vogel Jürgen Schmude Hans A. Engelhard Klaus Kinkel Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger Edzard Schmidt-Jortzig Herta Däubler-Gmelin Brigitte Zypries Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger Heiko Maas Katarina Barley Christine Lambrecht v t e Second Wirth cabinet – 26 October 1921 to 14 November 1922 Joseph Wirth (Reichskanzler, Zentrum) Gustav Bauer (Deputy, SPD) Walther Rathenau ((DDP) Adolf Köster (SPD) Andreas Hermes (Zentrum) Robert Schmidt (SPD) Heinrich Brauns (Zentrum) Gustav Radbruch (SPD) Otto Gessler (DDP) Johannes Giesberts [de] (Zentrum) Wilhelm Groener (-) Anton Fehr [de] (BB) v t e First Stresemann cabinet – 13 August 1923 to 3 October 1923 Gustav Stresemann (Reichskanzler, DVP) Robert Schmidt (Deputy, SPD) Heinrich Brauns (Zentrum) Johannes Fuchs [de] (-) Otto Gessler (DDP) Rudolf Hilferding (SPD) Anton Höfle [de] (Zentrum) Hans Luther (-) Rudolf Oeser (DDP) Gustav Radbruch (SPD) Hans von Raumer (DVP) Wilhelm Sollmann (SPD) v t e Second Stresemann cabinet – 6 October 1923 to 23 November 1923 Gustav Stresemann (Reichskanzler, DVP) Heinrich Brauns (Zentrum) Johannes Fuchs [de] (-) Otto Gessler (DDP) Anton Höfle [de] (Zentrum) Karl Jarres (DVP) Gerhard von Kanitz (-) Joseph Koeth (-) Hans Luther (-) Rudolf Oeser (DDP) Gustav Radbruch (SPD) Robert Schmidt (SPD) Wilhelm Sollmann (SPD) Authority control BNE: XX1407858 BNF: cb120792656 (data) CANTIC: a11121804 GND: 118597582 ISNI: 0000 0001 2100 6661 LCCN: n82094503 NDL: 00525381 NKC: uk2009425535 NLA: 35815099 NLI: 000613487 NLK: KAC199622368 NTA: 068533195 PLWABN: 9810667053605606 SNAC: w6kh9g1x SUDOC: 02909562X Trove: 1100045 VcBA: 495/248046 VIAF: 36942970 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n82094503 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Radbruch&oldid=999024254" Categories: 1878 births 1949 deaths Politicians from Lübeck Jurists from Schleswig-Holstein German military personnel of World War I Justice ministers of Germany Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians German Protestants Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni Leipzig University alumni Humboldt University of Berlin alumni University of Königsberg faculty University of Kiel faculty Heidelberg University faculty Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic Hidden categories: Use dmy dates from March 2020 Articles lacking in-text citations from March 2008 All articles lacking in-text citations CS1 German-language sources (de) Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLI identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with VcBA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Languages Čeština Deutsch Español فارسی Français Gaeilge 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Latina Lietuvių Magyar مصرى Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português Suomi Svenska Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 8 January 2021, at 03:42 (UTC). 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