id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt en-wikipedia-org-6482 René Descartes - Wikipedia .html text/html 17256 2606 66 Virtually all subsequent Western philosophy, especially Spinoza, Leibniz, John Locke, Nicolas Malebranche, Antoine Arnauld, Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet,[14] Blaise Pascal, Christiaan Huygens, Isaac Newton, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, David Hume, Edward Gibbon, Immanuel Kant, Arthur Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche, Edmund Husserl, Noam Chomsky In the 17th-century Dutch Republic, the rise of early modern rationalism – as a highly systematic school of philosophy in its own right for the first time in history – exerted an immense and profound influence on modern Western thought in general, with the birth of two influential rationalistic philosophical systems of Descartes (who spent most of his adult life and wrote all his major work in the United Provinces of the Netherlands) and Spinoza – namely Cartesianism and Spinozism. ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-6482.html ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6482.txt