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en-wikipedia-org-6193		Observation - Wikipedia			.html	text/html	2300	325	51	In science, observation can also involve the perception and recording of data via the use of scientific instruments. The scientific method requires observations of natural phenomena to formulate and test hypotheses.[1] It consists of the following steps:[2][3] Scientific instruments were developed to aid human abilities of observation, such as weighing scales, clocks, telescopes, microscopes, thermometers, cameras, and tape recorders, and also translate into perceptible form events that are unobservable by the senses, such as indicator dyes, voltmeters, spectrometers, infrared cameras, oscilloscopes, interferometers, geiger counters, and radio receivers. However, in most fields of science it is possible to reduce the effects of observation to insignificance by using better instruments. Human observations are biased toward confirming the observer's conscious and unconscious expectations and view of the world; we "see what we expect to see".[5] In psychology, this is called confirmation bias.[5] Since the object of scientific research is the discovery of new phenomena, this bias can and has caused new discoveries to be overlooked; one example is the discovery of x-rays.	./cache/en-wikipedia-org-6193.html	./txt/en-wikipedia-org-6193.txt