Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 63 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2613 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 51 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 SARS 9 COVID-19 8 Hajj 6 MERS 5 covid-19 3 HCQ 3 China 2 pilgrim 2 patient 2 disease 2 Umrah 2 Libya 2 Iran 2 HIV 2 Ebola 2 East 1 virus 1 traveler 1 travel 1 temperature 1 study 1 social 1 respiratory 1 religious 1 refugee 1 point 1 period 1 participant 1 outbreak 1 mass 1 japanese 1 influenza 1 infectious 1 human 1 gathering 1 event 1 epidemic 1 day 1 case 1 asymptomatic 1 american 1 ZIKV 1 World 1 Vietnam 1 UNHCR 1 U.S. 1 Spring 1 Singapore 1 Sierra 1 Respiratory Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 851 % 765 patient 718 case 618 infection 590 study 564 disease 447 virus 359 influenza 346 pilgrim 334 coronavirus 323 outbreak 322 health 289 day 277 country 270 risk 264 symptom 239 time 236 transmission 226 rate 214 datum 213 number 202 pandemic 199 year 194 gathering 179 hospital 175 treatment 172 control 171 population 169 epidemic 165 people 164 traveler 160 travel 151 result 151 model 141 care 139 event 139 drug 136 fever 131 r 131 measure 128 syndrome 126 information 125 age 124 cough 122 use 121 author 121 analysis 118 contact 116 pneumonia 114 healthcare Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 585 SARS 467 Hajj 385 COVID-19 319 MERS 297 CoV-2 264 CoV 184 TB 170 China 145 Coronavirus 137 Health 118 Saudi 112 East 106 Middle 102 Arabia 95 H1N1 89 Wuhan 82 Fig 79 HCQ 76 World 71 remdesivir 65 March 64 Disease 61 Med 60 U.S. 60 CQ 58 Syndrome 57 Respiratory 57 Iran 53 sha 52 Organization 51 Umrah 51 Ebola 50 April 50 A 48 YouTube 48 KSA 48 Infectious 48 Brazil 47 Table 46 al 46 United 45 ILI 42 States 40 Influenza 40 America 39 ACE2 38 RNA 38 PCR 38 Medicine 37 CoVs Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 340 we 338 it 119 they 96 i 50 them 41 she 26 he 24 me 16 you 14 us 8 themselves 8 itself 5 myself 3 one 2 yr 2 her 1 yro1 1 u 1 ours 1 himself 1 herself 1 a104d0245d5300da286463398a1bacecd71a174e Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 3988 be 1005 have 293 report 244 include 233 use 195 show 172 infect 138 base 132 do 117 associate 112 find 112 confirm 109 increase 107 provide 102 travel 92 return 89 test 87 follow 86 occur 85 present 84 emerge 80 consider 79 develop 78 take 78 identify 76 cause 74 spread 74 import 72 reduce 71 require 71 relate 71 give 71 define 69 treat 68 know 63 hospitalize 63 affect 60 lead 59 suspect 59 control 58 perform 57 suggest 57 need 57 make 56 compare 55 recommend 53 remain 52 receive 52 detect 52 acquire Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 466 respiratory 423 not 316 clinical 296 high 282 - 258 also 253 other 237 more 200 severe 178 such 177 infectious 169 only 156 most 155 however 151 public 150 viral 147 first 145 human 145 acute 142 covid-19 141 early 135 well 130 novel 127 international 121 low 114 large 111 asymptomatic 109 global 101 as 100 symptomatic 97 common 93 medical 93 many 93 different 90 positive 90 non 90 new 83 available 81 further 80 potential 80 possible 79 thus 77 current 74 mass 72 significant 67 even 66 old 65 less 63 likely 61 pre Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51 most 34 high 25 large 21 Most 17 least 17 good 7 early 5 low 5 bad 4 late 3 long 3 fast 3 big 2 great 2 common 1 wide 1 wealthy 1 weak 1 tough 1 new 1 holy 1 deadly Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 105 most 21 least 6 well 1 fast Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 doi.org 4 www.cdc.gov 1 www.wpro.who 1 www.worldometers.info 1 www.worldometers 1 www.wor 1 www.who.int 1 www.prismastatement.org 1 www.drugbank.ca 1 www.dge.gob.pe 1 www.cdc.gov.tw 1 www.bts.gov 1 www.aap.org 1 travel.state.gov 1 seb 1 qgis 1 github.com 1 doi 1 covid19.minsa.gob.pe 1 censo2010.ibge.gov.br Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 2 http://www.cdc.gov/travel/ 1 http://www.wpro.who 1 http://www.worldometers.info/coronavir 1 http://www.worldometers 1 http://www.wor 1 http://www.who.int/csr/sars/ 1 http://www.prismastatement.org 1 http://www.drugbank.ca 1 http://www.dge.gob.pe/salasit 1 http://www.cdc.gov/travel/malaria-drugs2.htm 1 http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-gettingsick/disinfecting-your-home.html 1 http://www.cdc.gov.tw/En 1 http://www.bts.gov 1 http://www.aap.org/healthtopics/immunizations 1 http://travel.state.gov/travel/warnings_current 1 http://seb 1 http://qgis 1 http://github.com/xinhuayu/returnepidemic/ 1 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101665 1 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101636 1 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101631 1 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.07.007 1 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2017 1 http://doi 1 http://covid19.minsa.gob.pe/sala_situacional 1 http://censo2010.ibge.gov.br/ Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 sohail.ncvi@gmail.com 1 mahvish.k82@gmail.com Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 cov infected group 4 % took antibiotics 4 patients tested positive 3 % had influenza 3 cov infected patients 3 studies provide complementary 2 % had at 2 % were health 2 % were influenza 2 % were pilgrims 2 case was significantly 2 cases being due 2 cases were symptomatic 2 cov was not 2 covid-19 is about 2 data are also 2 data are still 2 data have not 2 day follow up 2 diseases have quickly 2 hajj have not 2 infections had influenza 2 patients had chest 2 patients requiring hospitalisation 2 patients were already 2 patients were less 2 patients were symptomatic 2 pilgrims are elderly 2 pilgrims had influenza 2 studies are thus 2 study is not 2 symptom was cough 2 transmission is not 2 transmission was only 2 viruses were influenza 1 % are severe 1 % had co 1 % had coronavirus 1 % had cough 1 % had fever 1 % had ili 1 % had nausea 1 % had shortness 1 % had sore 1 % reported myalgia 1 % used disposable 1 % used hand 1 % were a 1 % were aware 1 % were current Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 studies showed no significant 2 data have not yet 1 cases does not necessarily 1 cov-2 are not only 1 data being not normally 1 data were not available 1 disease were not fully 1 gatherings was not previously 1 infections have not yet 1 outbreaks are not frequently 1 patient had no underlying 1 patients had no cxr 1 rate was not significantly 1 study showed no effect 1 transmission is not well 1 virus are not always 1 viruses do not always 1 viruses is not well A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-263968-v9sncm4l author = Ahmed, Anwar E. title = Incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and countries affected by malarial infections date = 2020-04-22 keywords = COVID-19 summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101693 id = cord-261303-xjbz9fw9 author = Ahmed, Qanta A. title = From the “Madding Crowd” to mass gatherings-religion, sport, culture and public health date = 2018-06-04 keywords = Cup; Hajj; World; event; gathering; mass summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.06.001 id = cord-314421-j5psma9i author = Ahmed, Qanta A. title = The cancellation of mass gatherings (MGs)? Decision making in the time of COVID-19 date = 2020-03-14 keywords = China; Hajj; KSA summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101631 id = cord-254717-1hwdd7nq author = Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. title = Remdesivir as a possible therapeutic option for the COVID-19 date = 2020-03-05 keywords = Ebola summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101615 id = cord-271004-gtmo5ixs author = Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. title = Influenza is more common than Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among hospitalized adult Saudi patients date = 2017-10-12 keywords = East; MERS summary = title: Influenza is more common than Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among hospitalized adult Saudi patients BACKGROUND: Since the initial description of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), we adopted a systematic process of screening patients admitted with community acquired pneumonia. An observational, laboratory-based study of outbreaks of middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Jeddah and Riyadh, kingdom of Saudi Arabia Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study Hospital-Associated outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a serologic, epidemiologic, and clinical description Screening for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in hospital patients and their healthcare worker and family contacts: a prospective descriptive study Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): a case-controlstudy of hospitalized patients The critical care response to a hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: an observational study doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2017.10.004 id = cord-316097-608qex0d author = Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. title = Asymptomatic coronavirus infection: MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date = 2020-02-27 keywords = asymptomatic summary = title: Asymptomatic coronavirus infection: MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) A recent review in this journal showed that an increase in the rate of asymptomatic individuals with the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) increased from 0% to 28.6% [1] . The increase in the number of cases is alarming and brought the fear of having viral transmission from asymptomatic individuals. The contribution of asymptomatic persons with MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 to the transmission is not well characterized. Those asymptomatic cases may play a role in the transmission and thus pose a significant infection control challenge. However, the contribution of asymptomatic cases in the transmission of these viruses is not well known and deserve further studies to examine the extent of occurrence and the role in transmission. Asymptomatic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: extent and implications for infection control: a systematic review Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101608 id = cord-302784-jkjdglns author = Alotaibi, Badriah title = Management of hospitalized drug sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis patients during the Hajj mass gathering: A cross sectional study date = 2019-07-13 keywords = HIV; Hajj summary = title: Management of hospitalized drug sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis patients during the Hajj mass gathering: A cross sectional study This study documents the management of drug-sensitive TB patients during Hajj and explores the compliance of healthcare providers with the KSA TB management guidelines in the Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals in Makkah during the mass gathering. The management of TB patients was documented using a specifically designed data collection form which included patients'' demographics data, underlying health conditions and TB risk factors as well as clinical data including various aspects of TB management such as patients'' screening, infection prevention and control (IPC), TB diagnosis and treatment and case notification and outcome. The result showed high level of compliance with the assessed TB management guidelines indices for systematic screening of TB suspects as well as IPC and surveillance, but low compliance scores were obtained for prompt TB diagnosis and use of standardized treatment regimen for drug-susceptible TB. doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.07.007 id = cord-310149-8idvf79g author = Antinori, Spinello title = SARS-COV-2 infection: Across the border into the family date = 2020-06-09 keywords = covid-19 summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101784 id = cord-255560-c8s9f12f author = Arab-Mazar, Zahra title = Mapping the incidence of the COVID-19 hotspot in Iran – Implications for Travellers date = 2020-03-14 keywords = Iran summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101630 id = cord-275605-mbiojk39 author = Benkouiten, Samir title = Clinical respiratory infections and pneumonia during the Hajj pilgrimage: A systematic review date = 2018-12-04 keywords = Hajj; ILI; pilgrim; respiratory summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.12.002 id = cord-313546-rlq4v0ca author = Bielecki, Michel title = Body temperature screening to identify SARS-CoV-2 infected young adult travellers is ineffective date = 2020-08-05 keywords = temperature summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101832 id = cord-339444-f8lfob47 author = Bigna, Jean Joel title = Claims about the safety and efficacy of early treatment of COVID-19 with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin must be supported by real evidence date = 2020-09-25 keywords = Jean summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101886 id = cord-286029-rafcdzhm author = Bogaards, Johannes Antonie title = The potential of targeted antibody prophylaxis in SARS outbreak control: A mathematic analysis() date = 2006-05-05 keywords = SARS; outbreak summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2006.01.007 id = cord-266313-b518n9dx author = Cao, Yu-chen title = Remdesivir for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing COVID-19: An evaluation of the evidence date = 2020-04-02 keywords = COVID-19; Ebola; MERS; SARS summary = China has also taken immediate action to put remdesivir into clinical trials with the purpose of applying it into clinical therapeutics for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). When we set our sights on the broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, we found that a drug unlisted, remdesivir, has demonstrated strength in trials related to MERS-CoV and Ebola virus infection. This article starts from the structure, immunogenicity, and pathogenesis of infection of the SARS-CoV-2, and then analyzes the feasibility of conducting trials and putting into clinical use of COVID-19 from the pharmacological characteristics and successful cases of remdesivir. Remdesivir (GS-5734) is a nucleoside analogues drug (Fig. 3B ) with extensive antiviral activity and effective treatment of lethal Ebola and Nipah virus infections in nonhuman primates [21] . The need of treatment on COVID-19 is urgent, so if the results of clinical trials prove it has the potential to benefit the treatment, according to China''s "Compassionate Use", remdesivir will be more immediately used in patients with severe illness. doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101647 id = cord-311011-xzfnzbcf author = Chen, Juan title = Travel rush during Chinese Spring Festival and the 2019-nCoV date = 2020-04-22 keywords = Spring summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101686 id = cord-311979-l1iw6449 author = Cimolai, Nevio title = More data are required for incubation period, infectivity, and quarantine duration for COVID-19 date = 2020-04-27 keywords = period summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101713 id = cord-338136-nbtkl5cx author = Clemente, Nuria Sanchez title = Geographies of risk: Emerging infectious diseases and travel health data date = 2020-06-25 keywords = ZIKV summary = Reflecting on the findings of Petridou and colleagues, 1 describing imported ZIKV cases to the UK between 2016-2018, confirmed at the Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory, we look back to the 2015-2017 Zika virus (ZIKV) pandemic and reflect on some of the opportunities and limitations presented by data obtained from returning travellers in enhancing understanding of emerging infectious diseases. Given travellers'' well-defined temporal windows of potential exposure, improved recollections of risk behaviors, and access to well-resourced travel clinic laboratories, travel health data are uniquely positioned to provide insights into the pathogenesis of emergent infectious diseases. While travel health data has the opportunity to build on this foundation and provide novel insights about emerging infectious agents, the fastest progress will be made through meaningful bi-directional international partnerships built on respectful collaboration, commitments to capacity building, and cooperative efforts to bolster surveillance. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease requires that all authors sign a declaration of conflicting interests. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease requires that all authors sign a declaration of conflicting interests. doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101806 id = cord-353507-n01ce0x3 author = Dao, Thi Loi title = Controlling the COVID-19 pandemic: Useful lessons from Vietnam date = 2020-07-10 keywords = Vietnam summary = title: Controlling the COVID-19 pandemic: Useful lessons from Vietnam Vietnam faces a high risk of a severe COVID-19 outbreak, as the country has a nearly 1,500 km border with China and a large population of nearly 100 million people. Despite limited resources of middle-income country, Vietnam has managed to take the control of the outbreak since the first cases were confirmed more than five months ago. Vietnam is one of the best countries conducting intensive surveillance and lockdown operation for all newly COVID-19-confirmed cases. People in the close contact with the confirmed case, named F1, must undertake testing and government-run quarantine. Multiples effective measures have been key to fight the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam to date. An adaptive model of health system organization and responses helped Vietnam to successfully halt the Covid-19 pandemic: What lessons can be learned from a resource-constrained country doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101822 id = cord-288270-x1j0r9jk author = Daw, Mohamed A. title = Preliminary epidemiological analysis of suspected cases of corona virus infection in Libya date = 2020-03-20 keywords = Libya summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101634 id = cord-314609-83t1je92 author = Daw, Mohamed A. title = Corona virus infection in Syria, Libya and Yemen; an alarming devastating threat date = 2020-04-02 keywords = Libya summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101652 id = cord-327063-ea7a1xfl author = Dhama, Kuldeep title = SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: zoonotic lessons from SARS, MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus date = 2020-08-02 keywords = COVID-19; China; CoV-2; Coronavirus; Health; MERS; SARS; human summary = The present review presents a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, with emphasis on the role of animals and their jumping the cross-species barriers, experiences learned from SARSand MERS-CoVs, zoonotic links, and spillover events, transmission to humans and rapid spread, and highlights the new advances in diagnosis, vaccine and therapies, preventive and control measures, one health concept along with recent research developments to counter this pandemic disease. Further research exploring the SARS-CoV-2 associated zoonosis and mechanisms accounting for its initial transmission from animals to humans, will lead to sort out the spread of this virus as well as design and develop appropriate prevention and control strategies to counter COVID-19. The present comprehensive manuscript presents an overview on COVID-19, an emerging SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease while focusing mainly on the events and circumstantial evidences with regards to this virus jumping the species barriers, sharing a few lessons learned from SARS-and MERS-CoVs, zoonotic spillover events (zoonosis), acquiring transmission ability to infect humans, and adopting appropriate preventive and control measures [42] . doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101830 id = cord-335007-27a3h2lo author = Dreyer, Nancy A. title = Self-reported symptoms from exposure to Covid-19 provide support to clinical diagnosis, triage and prognosis: An exploratory analysis date = 2020-11-03 keywords = COVID+; covid-19; participant summary = title: Self-reported symptoms from exposure to Covid-19 provide support to clinical diagnosis, triage and prognosis: An exploratory analysis We identify factors indicating COVID-19 positivity in non-hospitalized patients and prognosticators of moderate-to-severe disease. METHODS: Appeals conducted in April-June 2020 in social media, collaborating medical societies and patient advocacy groups recruited 20,476 participants ≥18 years who believed they had COVID-19 exposure. Volunteers consented on-line and reported height, weight, concomitant illnesses, medication and supplement use, residential, occupational or community COVID-19 exposure, symptoms and symptom severity on a 4-point scale. We build on these models using community-driven research to characterize symptoms indicative of a positive COVID-19 viral test result and identify risk factors for development of serious symptoms of COVID-19 infection outside the hospital setting. Anosmia and ageusia were the most likely symptoms indicative of a positive test results, and participants reporting either of these had more symptoms and of greater severity [8] . doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101909 id = cord-276839-kxfxybq4 author = Dursun, Zehra Beştepe title = COVID-19 among Turkish citizens returning from abroad date = 2020-09-01 keywords = Umrah summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101860 id = cord-340094-u3x4g8ul author = D’Alò, Gian Loreto title = Microbial contamination of the surface of mobile phones and implications for the containment of the Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-02 keywords = covid-19 summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101870 id = cord-257099-8k28vkgf author = Fan, Jingchun title = The epidemiology of reverse transmission of COVID-19 in Gansu Province, China date = 2020-05-12 keywords = COVID-19; Iran summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101741 id = cord-259966-szkiilb1 author = Gautret, Philippe title = International mass gatherings and travel-associated illness: A GeoSentinel cross-sectional, observational study date = 2019-11-09 keywords = Hajj; Umrah summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.101504 id = cord-286654-sox98pp3 author = Gautret, Philippe title = The inevitable Hajj cough: Surveillance data in French pilgrims, 2012–2014 date = 2015-10-03 keywords = Hajj; pilgrim summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2015.09.008 id = cord-321720-5sfwyn9g author = Hanscheid, Thomas title = Coronavirus 2019-nCoV: Is the genie already out of the bottle? date = 2020-02-07 keywords = China summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101577 id = cord-341101-5yvjbr5q author = Hashem, Anwar M. title = Therapeutic use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 and other viral infections: A narrative review date = 2020-05-06 keywords = Chloroquine; HCQ; SARS; virus summary = While approved specific antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 are still lacking, a large number of existing drugs are being explored as a possible treatment for COVID-19 infected patients. In general, studies showed no significant effect of CQ on CoVs including SARS-CoV and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) replication or clinical scores in mice and cats, respectively [105, 110] . There are very limited published clinical trials that studied the possible antiviral effect of CQ or HCQ in CoV and non-CoV infected patients (Table 5 ). Anti-malaria drug chloroquine is highly effective in treating avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in an animal model In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101735 id = cord-307460-v6xgkg1p author = Hsu, Yu-Lung title = Temperature and the difference in impact of SARS CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) between tropical and non-tropical regions in Taiwan date = 2020-06-13 keywords = SARS summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101790 id = cord-307464-66eqh79t author = Hwang, Grace M. title = A model-based tool to predict the propagation of infectious disease via airports date = 2012-01-13 keywords = U.S.; disease; point summary = Influenza transmission; Susceptible-exposedinfectious-recovered (SEIR) disease-spread modeling; Public health aviation screening; Pandemic response; Points of entry Summary Epidemics of novel or re-emerging infectious diseases have quickly spread globally via air travel, as highlighted by pandemic H1N1 influenza in 2009 (pH1N1). We used a traditional Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model 20, 21 and an illustrative scheduled-flight dataset, to demonstrate how public health authorities could prioritize the allocation of responseresources in the U.S. at point of entry in response to a novel disease that was spreading rapidly outside of North America. To characterize possible patterns and rates of spread for an emerging infectious disease that could enter North America from various geographic points of origin, a prototypical novel pandemic influenza virus was simulated as an example of a human-to-human transmissible disease that is known to spread rapidly via air travel. doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2011.12.003 id = cord-270684-e7xnugdd author = Iken, Oluwatomi title = COVID-19: Travel health and the implications for sub -Saharan Africa date = 2020-04-09 keywords = travel summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101645 id = cord-295601-jdtmtjx5 author = Kabir, Mahvish title = COVID-19 pandemic and economic cost; impact on forcibly displaced people date = 2020-04-06 keywords = UNHCR summary = authors: Kabir, Mahvish; Afzal, Muhammad Sohail; Khan, Aisha; Ahmed, Haroon title: COVID-19 pandemic and economic cost; impact on forcibly displaced people Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tmaid COVID-19 pandemic and economic cost; impact on forcibly displaced people Dear Editor, The current outbreak of COVID-19 is estimated to cost $1 trillion to world''s economy during year 2020. People in refugee camps are already fighting for basic necessities of life and are currently under high risk of acquiring COVID-19. These refugee camps are mainly monitored and run by UNHCR. Data analysis revealed that 15 top economies of the world are badly hit by this COVID-19 outbreak. This economic crunch will have an effect on donation programs of these countries in coming months. This will further worsen the situation for these displaced people including 37 million children living in these camps [5, 6] . doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101661 id = cord-291025-u5z8zji3 author = Karami, Parisa title = Mortality of a pregnant patient diagnosed with COVID-19: A case report with clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings date = 2020-04-11 keywords = COVID-19; patient summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101665 id = cord-284477-3mspnc8q author = Kassem, Issmat I. title = Refugees besieged: The lurking threat of COVID-19 in Syrian war refugee camps date = 2020-05-05 keywords = refugee summary = Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease requires that all authors sign a declaration of conflicting interests. For example, Lebanon, a country that hosts an estimated 1.5 million Syrian refugees (distributed in makeshift camps and other dwellings) is currently facing a very severe economic crisis, civil unrest (decreased after the pandemic), and a COVID-19 outbreak. In that regard, the UNCHR has appealed for urgent funding to combat COVID-19 in refugee camps, but the results of this initiative remain to be seen [5] . The health of refugees is intimately linked to that of their hosting communities and beyond, which is more reason to protect the camps from COVID-19. First report of the plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) in Proteus mirabilis isolated from domestic and sewer waters in Syrian refugee camps coli isolated from domestic and sewer waters in Syrian refugee camps in Lebanon doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101736 id = cord-325069-wxdkao69 author = Khatri, Priyanka title = YouTube as source of information on 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak: a cross sectional study of English and Mandarin content date = 2020-03-20 keywords = English; Mandarin summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101636 id = cord-264655-v0v7zsaw author = Kuwahara, Keisuke title = COVID-19: Active measures to support community-dwelling older adults date = 2020-03-20 keywords = social summary = The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread around the world [1] , posing enormous health, economic, and social challenges to societies. Social distancing (e.g., cancellation of large gathering, school closures) is an essential part of public health measure for infection control [3] . In line with this, many social events and activities have been cancelled or scaled-down in many countries including Japan, wherein there is already a high number of reported COVID-19 cases [1] . First, communities may not have enough knowledge on whether maintaining, scaling-down, or cancelling social gatherings during the outbreak while minimising health risk. Cancelling social gatherings and scaling down elderly care services can put community-dwelling adults, especially older adults, at an increased risk and severity of social isolation. 3 Although recent technological advances may help detect and provide care for groups at high risk of social isolation, community-dwelling older adults may not have access to smartphones or internet services [5] . doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101638 id = cord-284028-l0r7f9sr author = Lee, Chi-Wei title = A loophole in international quarantine procedures disclosed during the SARS crisis date = 2004-12-30 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2004.10.002 id = cord-324345-j43rpvwk author = Leong, Hoe Nam title = SARS – My personal battle date = 2010-11-19 keywords = SARS; Singapore; day summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2010.10.007 id = cord-340942-oatf59k0 author = Magalhães, Jurandy Júnior Ferraz de title = Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first 557 successive patients with COVID-19 in Pernambuco state, Northeast Brazil date = 2020-09-21 keywords = Brazil; SARS; covid-19 summary = METHODS: In this retrospective study, we describe the demographics, epidemiology and clinical features of the first 557 consecutive patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 living in Pernambuco state, Northeast Brazil. Here, we describe for the first time the clinical, epidemiological and demographic features of the first 557 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in Pernambuco state, Northeast Brazil, who were diagnosed between March 12 and April 22, 2020. Patient epidemiological information, demographic and clinical characteristics, including medical history, signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, underlying co-morbidities, and date of disease onset were obtained from electronic medical records of the Pernambuco Central Public Health Laboratory (LACEN) and analyzed. Regarding the distribution of COVID-19 cases in the different household income ranges (Fig. 1B) , we found that SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred in neighborhoods with greater purchasing power. Here, we described for the first time the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first 557 consecutive patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Pernambuco between 12 March and April 22, 2020. doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101884 id = cord-297954-87w2itin author = Memish, Ziad A. title = Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): A cluster analysis with implications for global management of suspected cases date = 2015-07-15 keywords = East; MERS summary = title: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): A cluster analysis with implications for global management of suspected cases Since the initial description of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in September 2012, a total of 1038 cases of MERS-CoV including 460 deaths have been reported from Saudi Arabia. Contact screening showed positive test in 1 of 56 (1.8%) household contacts, and 3 of 250 (1.2%) HCWs. Summary Since the initial description of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in September 2012, a total of 1038 cases of MERS-CoV including 460 deaths have been reported from Saudi Arabia. Since Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) was described in September 2012, a total of 1038 cases of MERS-CoV including 460 deaths have been reported from Saudi Arabia [1] . Screening for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in hospital patients and their healthcare worker and family contacts: a prospective descriptive study doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2015.06.012 id = cord-314607-bcocsjij author = Memish, Ziad A. title = The prevalance of respiratory viruses among healthcare workers serving pilgrims in Makkah during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic date = 2011-12-23 keywords = H1N1; Hajj; influenza summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2011.11.002 id = cord-312691-ynh84b98 author = Mohd, Hamzah A. title = Predictors of MERS-CoV infection: A large case control study of patients presenting with ILI at a MERS-CoV referral hospital in Saudi Arabia date = 2016-09-24 keywords = MERS; Respiratory summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.09.008 id = cord-320893-bgn04zh3 author = Mubarak, Naeem title = Religious tourism and mass religious gatherings — The potential link in the spread of COVID-19. Current perspective and future implications date = 2020-06-09 keywords = religious summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101786 id = cord-337713-uuo1oeyc author = Ollarves-Carrero, Maria Fernanda title = Anosmia in a healthcare worker with COVID-19 in Madrid, Spain date = 2020-04-13 keywords = March summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101666 id = cord-273930-4asx0dq3 author = Ortiz-Martínez, Yeimer title = Pericarditis in a young internal medicine resident with COVID-19 in Colombia date = 2020-08-28 keywords = COVID-19 summary = As previously stated [1] COVID-19 may also present in them with a broad and changing spectrum of clinical disease, including cardiovascular conditions, as is the case of the pericarditis. During his hospital course, the patient presented severe chest pain that was difficult to relieve, requiring high doses of morphine, with the subsequent change to oxycodone with clinical improvement. Despite the use of PPE by the HCW, including those on training, as the case described, SARS-CoV-2 infection risk is evident, and transmission may occur. Our case also presented with, a still considered novel, clinical manifestation of COVID-19. Although cardiovascular conditions have been reported widely in COVID-19 so far [3, 4] , there is a lack of cases presenting with pericarditis, especially without other significant complications. In the case of COVID-19, this consequence requires more detailed studies to understand their pathophysiology, but especially their clinical course and implications. doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101863 id = cord-323622-229kub7c author = Ou, Xueting title = A severe case with co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and common respiratory pathogens date = 2020-04-16 keywords = SARS summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101672 id = cord-029965-bt87kai8 author = Patel, Shailesh Kumar title = The kidney and COVID-19 patients – important considerations date = 2020-08-01 keywords = SARS summary = The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the lungs, however, this virus can also affect other organs such as intestine, kidney, heart, and brain [1] [2] [3] . Studies reporting albuminuria and haematuria in the COVID-19 patients along with the detection of viral RNA from the urine samples further support the potential tropism of the SARS-CoV-2 for the renal tissues [4, 12] . Therefore, along with clinical management for pneumonia, potential intervention to protect the kidneys from the virus tropism and cytokine storm must be considered to minimize the mortalities associated with acute renal failure (Figure 1 ). Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan Coronavirus Disease 19 Infection Does Not Result in Acute Kidney Injury: An Analysis of 116 Hospitalized Patients from Wuhan, China doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101831 id = cord-328056-y5x80tuw author = Popescu, Corneliu P. title = Hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin for COVID-19 – Warranted or dangerous? date = 2020-05-30 keywords = study summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101764 id = cord-268519-t15yvy5s author = Pothen, Lucie title = Safety use of hydroxychloroquine and its combination with azithromycin in the context of Sars-CoV-2 outbreak: Clinical experience in a Belgian tertiary center date = 2020-06-12 keywords = HCQ summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101788 id = cord-302735-zal2gr28 author = Priyanka title = Aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2: The unresolved paradox date = 2020-09-04 keywords = SARS summary = key: cord-302735-zal2gr28 title: Aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2: The unresolved paradox cord_uid: zal2gr28 The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the aetiological agent 18 of coronavirus disease 2019 , has led to a global pandemic defying the 19 geographical borders and putting the lives of billions at risk. The commonly evident 20 symptoms include fever, altered sense of smell and/or taste, cough, sputum expectoration, 21 sore throat, dyspnoea, fatigue and myalgia; whereas the uncommon symptoms include 22 confusion, dizziness, headache, conjunctivitis, rhinorrhoea, nasal congestion, hemoptysis, 23 chest pain, bronchial breath sounds, tachypnoea, crackles/rales on auscultation, cutaneous The transmission of respiratory pathogens have been associated with three primary modes 30 known as "contact," "droplet," and "airborne" transmission. These modes are also being 31 speculated in the context of SARS-CoV-2, but the existing research-based literature and the 32 consequent guidance from the leading public health agencies are still paradoxical. Viable 117 SARS-CoV-2 in the air of a hospital room 1 with COVID-19 patients. Aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2? doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101869 id = cord-281551-0aj2zwx8 author = Schlagenhauf, Patricia title = Repurposing antimalarials and other drugs for COVID-19 date = 2020-04-02 keywords = COVID-19; SARS summary = A French paper reporting on the use of drug combinations in infected patients highlighted the possibility that hydroxychloroquine is effective in the treatment of COVID-19 patients [4] particularly in combination with azithromycin. For instance, teicoplanin was proposed as a potential treatment in COVID-19 patients and has already shown inhibitory effects on cell entry of Ebola virus, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in the past. However, it has to be acknowledged that in this and other cases, it is a long, expensive and time-consuming way, even if there is an accelerated avenue to expedite promising developments, from in vitro assays indicative of antiviral effects to the initiation steps of safety and efficacy assessments in humans, Finding compounds that can block the entry of the virus into the cell could be an important approach to find potential therapies for COVID-19. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101658 id = cord-262454-bccrvapy author = Szente Fonseca, Silvia Nunes title = Risk of Hospitalization for Covid-19 Outpatients Treated with Various Drug Regimens in Brazil: Comparative Analysis date = 2020-10-31 keywords = COVID-19; HCQ; SARS; patient summary = With all that, we developed a protocol for early recognition and treatment of high-risk patients (in our population, age greater than 40 years because of generally poorer health standards, or with comorbidities) who would come to our outpatient network of emergency rooms with influenza-like symptoms: fever, cough, myalgia and headache, among others, and receive early treatment, provided to patients at the first doctor visit, using physician discretion from among HCQ, azithromycin, ivermectin, oseltamivir, zinc sulfate, nitazoxanide and prednisone (the last starting on day-6 of symptoms). On March 28, 2020, the FDA issued an emergency use authorization for remdesivir and HCQ for patients in both clinical trials and with severe hospitalized disease (31) . We found early outpatient use of HCQ and prednisone, both as individual prescriptions and used together, to lower the risk of hospitalization in symptomatic high-risk COVID-19 patients presenting for primary care at the emergency rooms of our large HMO in Brazil. doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101906 id = cord-006968-1gua1abq author = Tada, Yuki title = Travelers' risk of malaria by destination country: A study from Japan date = 2008-09-23 keywords = japanese; traveler summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2008.08.002 id = cord-277353-qilq1q7h author = Taniguchi, Kiyosu title = Imported infectious diseases and surveillance in Japan date = 2008-09-11 keywords = disease; infectious summary = Shigellosis ranked as the most common imported disease, followed by amebiasis, malaria, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, typhoid fever, dengue fever, hepatitis A, giardiasis, cholera, and paratyphoid fever. Current National Epidemiological Surveillance for Infectious Diseases (NESID) in Japan requires that all notifiable diseases should be reported with the presumptive place of infection. Shigellosis ranked as the most common imported infection, followed by amebiasis, malaria, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndromes (AIDS), typhoid fever, dengue fever, hepatitis A, giardiasis, cholera, and paratyphoid fever. Although the outbreak among group tours to endemic countries was reported to account for the increase of imported diseases, 11 investigation of attributable events or causes were not always made in a timely manner. In this study it was not difficult to overview the situation of imported infectious diseases because the current Japanese surveillance system requires the presumptive place of infection including the specified country if possible. doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2008.07.001 id = cord-259106-nrg1960d author = Vasquez-Chavesta, Angie Z. title = COVID-19 and dengue: Pushing the peruvian health care system over the edge date = 2020-06-26 keywords = COVID-19 summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101808 id = cord-269759-1n1oo6wc author = Villamil-Gómez, Wilmer E. title = Fatal human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) and RSV–Related pneumonia in an AIDS patient from Colombia date = 2020-02-06 keywords = Colombia; HIV summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101573 id = cord-268971-4ue58ebz author = Virk, Abinash title = Travel medicine: an American view of the Australian perspective date = 2005-03-03 keywords = american summary = In the United States, most generalists do not have ready access to some pre-travel vaccines (typhoid and Japanese encephalitis since they would not frequently be used in a typical primary care practice, yellow fever due to certification requirements), and most pre-travel care is provided in specialty clinics mostly staffed by infectious disease physicians. 3 North American primary care providers not specifically trained in travel medicine would be more likely to limit their travel medicine advice to travelers going to settings where vaccination beyond hepatitis A is not needed. In addition, the American Committee on Clinical Tropical Medicine and Travelers, Health (http:// www.astmh.org/subgroup/acctmth.asp) provides a forum for education, certification, networking, and communication for practitioners of travel medicine. Notable differences, however, center on the use of both infectious disease specialists and nurses in North American pre-travel consultations rather than primary care physicians and on the non-union of aviation medicine and travel medicine in the United States. doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2004.11.008 id = cord-260256-aczn39lf author = Wehrens, Erik title = Primum non nocere: Potential indirect adverse effects of COVID-19 containment strategies in the African region date = 2020-04-29 keywords = Sierra summary = Dear Editor: With the COVID-19 pandemic spreading in sub-Saharan Africa [1] , governments and health authorities are stepping up containment measures. In Sierra Leone, measurements taken include training of healthcare professionals, establishing testing facilities, information campaigns and a partial lockdown. In many ways, there are parallels with the early phase of the West African Ebola outbreak 2013-2016 -including a steep decrease in in-and outpatients across health facilities [2] . In Sierra Leone, which ranks amongst the countries with the highest maternal and child mortality rates worldwide, the rapid decrease of patients presenting to healthcare facilities in this evolving crisis might herald a massive indirect COVID-19-related death toll. Counting indirect crisis-related deaths in the context of a low-resilience health system: the case of maternal and neonatal health during the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone Stability issues of RT-PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2 for hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19 doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101727 id = cord-287159-bjccnp7u author = Yavarian, Jila title = Influenza virus but not MERS coronavirus circulation in Iran, 2013–2016: Comparison between pilgrims and general population date = 2017-10-12 keywords = Hajj; MERS summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2017.10.007 id = cord-341187-jqesw4e8 author = Yu, Xinhua title = Modeling Return of the Epidemic: Impact of Population Structure, Asymptomatic Infection, Case Importation and Personal Contacts date = 2020-08-27 keywords = case; covid-19; epidemic summary = title: Modeling Return of the Epidemic: Impact of Population Structure, Asymptomatic Infection, Case Importation and Personal Contacts J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 7 We investigate the impact of population structure, case importation, asymptomatic cases, and the number of contacts on a possible second wave of epidemic through mathematical modelling. Methods: we built a modified Susceptible-exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model with parameters mirroring those of the COVID-19 pandemic and reported simulated characteristics of epidemics for incidence, hospitalizations and deaths under different scenarios. Methods: we built a modified Susceptible-exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model with parameters mirroring those of the COVID-19 pandemic and reported simulated characteristics of epidemics for incidence, hospitalizations and deaths under different scenarios. Epidemic model simulation has been used extensively to estimate essential epidemic parameters, In this study, we will build a modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model [27] to simulate the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate the impact of population structure, asymptomatic cases, case importation, and the number of contacts on the epidemic progression. doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101858