id sid tid token lemma pos cord-315781-dejh8q22 1 1 key key NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 1 2 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 1 cord-315781-dejh8q22 cord-315781-dejh8q22 JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 2 authors author NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 3 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 4 Konishi Konishi NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 5 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 6 Tomokazu Tomokazu NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 7 title title NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 8 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 9 Re re NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 10 - - NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 11 evaluation evaluation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 12 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 13 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 14 evolution evolution NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 15 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 16 influenza influenza NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 17 H1 h1 NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 18 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 19 using use VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 20 direct direct JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 21 PCA PCA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 22 date date NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 23 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 24 2019 2019 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 25 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 26 12 12 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 27 - - SYM cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 28 17 17 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 29 journal journal NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 2 30 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 3 1 Sci Sci NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 3 2 Rep Rep NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 3 3 DOI DOI NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 3 4 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 4 1 10.1038 10.1038 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 4 2 / / SYM cord-315781-dejh8q22 4 3 s41598 s41598 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 4 4 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 4 5 019 019 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 4 6 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 4 7 55254-z 55254-z CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 4 8 sha sha NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 4 9 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 4 10 275cb246ac9ec33ec4e7fa1042caab6016c0e0e5 275cb246ac9ec33ec4e7fa1042caab6016c0e0e5 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 4 11 doc_id doc_id CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 4 12 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 4 13 315781 315781 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 4 14 cord_uid cord_uid NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 4 15 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 1 dejh8q22 dejh8q22 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 2 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 3 history history NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 4 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 5 influenza influenza NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 6 H1 h1 NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 7 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 8 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 9 re re VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 10 - - VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 11 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 12 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 13 applying apply VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 14 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 15 new new JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 16 methodology methodology NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 17 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 18 sequencing sequence VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 19 data datum NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 20 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 21 this this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 22 objective objective JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 23 method method NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 24 enables enable VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 25 comparisons comparison NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 26 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 27 viral viral JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 28 types type NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 5 29 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 2 approach approach NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 3 led lead VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 4 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 5 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 6 segregation segregation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 7 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 8 all all DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 9 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 10 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 11 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 12 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 13 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 14 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 15 into into IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 16 three three CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 17 distinct distinct JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 18 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 19 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 20 two two CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 21 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 22 them -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 23 included include VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 24 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 25 pandemic pandemic NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 26 1977 1977 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 27 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 28 2009 2009 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 29 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 30 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 31 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 32 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 33 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 34 remaining remain VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 35 group group NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 36 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 37 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 38 new new JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 39 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 40 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 6 41 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 7 1 These these DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 7 2 three three CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 7 3 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 7 4 might may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 7 5 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 7 6 originated originate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 7 7 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 7 8 avian avian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 7 9 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 7 10 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 7 11 drifted drift VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 7 12 out out RP cord-315781-dejh8q22 7 13 independently independently RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 7 14 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 1 Genome genome NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 2 shifts shift NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 3 occurred occur VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 4 occasionally occasionally RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 5 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 6 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 7 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 8 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 9 however however RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 10 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 11 distances distance NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 12 between between IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 13 avian avian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 14 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 15 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 16 / / SYM cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 17 human human NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 18 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 19 negated negate VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 20 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 21 existence existence NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 22 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 23 direct direct JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 24 shifts shift NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 25 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 26 avian avian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 27 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 8 28 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 1 In in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 2 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 3 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 4 only only RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 5 one one CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 6 or or CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 7 two two CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 8 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 9 appeared appear VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 10 each each DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 11 year year NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 12 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 13 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 14 suggests suggest VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 15 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 16 presence presence NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 17 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 18 competition competition NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 19 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 20 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 21 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 22 migrated migrate VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 23 freely freely RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 9 24 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 10 1 All all DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 10 2 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 10 3 drifted drift VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 10 4 continuously continuously RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 10 5 under under IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 10 6 certain certain JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 10 7 rules rule NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 10 8 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 10 9 constant constant JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 10 10 velocity velocity NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 10 11 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 1 Viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 2 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 3 had have VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 4 caused cause VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 5 an an DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 6 outbreak outbreak NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 7 did do VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 8 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 9 appear appear VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 10 again again RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 11 over over IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 12 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 13 decades decade NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 14 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 15 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 16 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 17 mean mean VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 18 populations population NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 19 had have VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 20 become become VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 21 immune immune JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 22 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 23 such such JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 24 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 11 25 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 1 In in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 2 contrast contrast NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 3 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 4 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 5 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 6 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 7 livestock livestock NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 8 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 9 rather rather RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 10 conserved conserved JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 11 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 12 maintained maintain VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 13 unique unique JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 14 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 15 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 16 small small JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 17 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 18 separate separate JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 19 areas area NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 12 20 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 13 1 Such such JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 13 2 collections collection NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 13 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 13 4 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 13 5 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 13 6 included include VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 13 7 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 13 8 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 13 9 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 13 10 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 13 11 could could MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 13 12 become become VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 13 13 an an DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 13 14 epidemic epidemic NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 13 15 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 13 16 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 13 17 future future NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 13 18 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 14 1 Russia Russia NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 14 2 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 14 3 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 14 4 respectively respectively RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 14 5 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 15 1 Black black JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 15 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 15 3 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 15 4 ; ; , cord-315781-dejh8q22 15 5 green green JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 15 6 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 15 7 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 15 8 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 15 9 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 15 10 blue blue JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 15 11 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 15 12 avian avian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 15 13 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 2 orange orange JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 3 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 4 coloured coloured JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 5 " " `` cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 6 H h NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 7 " " '' cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 8 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 9 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 10 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 11 group group NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 12 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 13 one one CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 14 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 15 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 16 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 17 classified classify VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 18 as as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 19 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 20 " " `` cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 21 triple triple JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 22 reassortant reassortant JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 23 " " '' cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 24 8 8 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 16 25 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 2 H H NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 3 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 4 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 5 U U NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 6 group group NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 7 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 9 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 10 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 11 found find VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 12 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 13 Switzerland Switzerland NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 15 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 16 taxonomy taxonomy NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 17 ID ID NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 18 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 19 940568 940568 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 17 21 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 18 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 18 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 18 3 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 18 4 S1E s1e NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 18 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 18 6 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 1 Differences difference NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 2 within within IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 3 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 4 type type NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 5 appeared appear VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 6 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 7 low low JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 8 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 9 level level NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 10 PCs pc NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 11 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 12 however however RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 13 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 14 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 15 can can MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 16 accept accept VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 17 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 18 wide wide JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 19 variations variation NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 20 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 21 appeared appear VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 22 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 23 PC1 PC1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 24 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 19 25 2 2 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 20 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 20 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 20 3 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 20 4 1C 1C NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 20 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 20 6 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 2 tendency tendency NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 3 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 4 segregate segregate VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 5 into into IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 6 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 7 three three CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 8 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 9 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 10 also also RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 11 observed observe VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 12 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 13 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 14 other other JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 15 genome genome NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 16 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 18 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 19 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 20 S2 S2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 22 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 23 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 24 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 25 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 26 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 27 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 28 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 29 U U NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 30 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 31 appeared appear VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 32 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 33 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 34 top top NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 35 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 36 clockwise clockwise RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 21 37 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 2 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 3 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 4 include include VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 5 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 6 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 7 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 9 two two CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 11 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 12 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 13 Russia Russia NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 14 1977 1977 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 15 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 16 Mexico Mexico NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 17 2009 2009 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 18 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 19 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 20 termed term VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 21 R R NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 22 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 23 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 24 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 25 respectively respectively RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 26 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 27 with with IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 28 U U NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 29 being be VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 30 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 31 remaining remain VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 32 group group NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 22 33 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 1 As as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 2 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 3 distances distance NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 4 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 5 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 6 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 7 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 8 similar similar JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 9 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 10 all all DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 11 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 12 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 14 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 15 placed place VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 16 similarly similarly RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 17 on on IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 18 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 19 plots plot NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 21 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 22 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 23 S2 S2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 23 25 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 1 Variations variation NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 2 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 3 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 4 rotation rotation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 5 angle angle NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 6 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 7 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 8 triangle triangle NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 9 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 10 caused cause VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 11 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 12 differences difference NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 13 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 14 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 15 number number NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 16 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 17 samples sample NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 18 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 19 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 20 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 24 21 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 25 1 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 25 2 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 1 S2 S2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 2 includes include VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 3 several several JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 4 very very RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 5 old old JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 6 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 7 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 9 1918 1918 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 10 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 11 1943 1943 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 12 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 13 pandemic pandemic NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 14 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 16 green green JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 18 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 19 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 20 1930 1930 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 21 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 22 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 24 grey grey NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 26 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 27 they -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 28 showed show VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 29 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 30 tendency tendency NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 31 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 32 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 33 located locate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 34 closer close RBR cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 35 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 36 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 37 origin origin NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 38 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 39 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 40 plot plot NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 26 41 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 2 magnitudes magnitude NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 4 PCs pc NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 5 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 6 similar similar JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 7 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 9 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 10 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 11 showing show VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 12 that that IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 13 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 14 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 15 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 16 separated separate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 17 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 18 similar similar JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 19 distances distance NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 27 20 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 1 This this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 3 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 4 constant constant JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 5 mutation mutation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 6 rate rate NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 7 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 9 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 10 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 11 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 12 might may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 13 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 14 branched branch VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 15 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 16 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 17 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 18 strain strain NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 19 coincidentally coincidentally RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 20 as as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 21 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 22 new new JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 23 set set NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 24 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 25 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 28 26 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 2 complete complete JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 3 separations separation NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 4 observed observe VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 5 negate negate VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 6 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 7 possibility possibility NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 8 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 9 homologous homologous JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 10 recombination recombination NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 11 between between IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 12 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 13 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 14 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 15 would would MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 16 yield yield VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 17 some some DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 18 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 19 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 20 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 21 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 29 22 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 1 Those those DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 2 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 3 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 4 1930 1930 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 5 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 6 strain strain NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 7 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 8 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 9 an an DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 10 exception exception NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 11 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 12 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 13 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 14 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 15 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 16 will will MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 17 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 18 discussed discuss VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 19 below below RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 30 20 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 31 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 31 2 combinations combination NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 31 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 31 4 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 31 5 varied vary VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 31 6 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 31 7 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 31 8 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 31 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 31 10 Table table NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 31 11 1 1 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 31 12 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 31 13 PB PB NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 31 14 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 31 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 32 1 polymerase polymerase VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 32 2 basic basic JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 32 3 protein protein NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 32 4 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 32 5 PA PA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 32 6 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 2 polymerase polymerase NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 3 acidic acidic JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 4 protein protein NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 5 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 6 NP NP NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 7 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 8 nucleoprotein nucleoprotein NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 9 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 10 NEP NEP NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 11 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 12 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 13 export export NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 14 protein protein NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 15 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 16 non non JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 17 - - JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 18 structural structural JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 19 protein protein NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 33 21 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 34 1 In in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 34 2 contrast contrast NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 34 3 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 34 4 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 34 5 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 34 6 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 34 7 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 34 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 34 9 combinations combination NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 34 10 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 34 11 all all DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 34 12 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 34 13 or or CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 34 14 all all DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 35 1 R. R. NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 2 should should MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 3 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 4 noted note VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 5 that that IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 6 avian avian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 7 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 8 showed show VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 9 lower low JJR cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 10 PC pc NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 11 values value NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 12 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 13 appeared appear VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 14 around around IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 15 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 16 centre centre NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 17 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 18 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 19 PCA PCA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 20 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 21 while while IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 22 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 23 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 24 human human NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 25 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 26 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 27 extreme extreme JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 28 values value NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 30 Figs fig NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 36 31 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 37 1 1C 1C NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 37 2 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 37 3 S2 S2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 37 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 37 5 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 1 Thus thus RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 3 avian avian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 4 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 5 had have VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 6 sequences sequence NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 7 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 8 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 9 similar similar JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 10 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 11 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 12 average average NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 13 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 14 samples sample NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 15 at at IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 16 amino amino NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 17 acids acid NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 18 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 19 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 20 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 21 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 22 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 23 three three CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 24 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 25 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 26 human human NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 27 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 28 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 29 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 30 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 31 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 32 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 33 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 34 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 35 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 36 U. U. NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 37 Avian avian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 38 samples sample NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 39 also also RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 40 showed show VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 41 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 42 motifs motif NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 43 at at IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 44 other other JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 45 positions position NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 46 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 47 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 48 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 49 appear appear VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 50 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 51 lower low JJR cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 52 PCs pc NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 38 53 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 2 relationships relationship NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 3 observed observe VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 4 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 5 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 6 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 7 presented present VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 8 here here RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 9 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 10 different different JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 11 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 12 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 13 classic classic JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 14 ones one NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 15 4 4 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 16 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 18 8 8 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 21 9 9 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 24 10 10 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 27 11 11 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 30 12 12 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 32 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 33 several several JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 34 elements element NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 39 35 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 40 1 For for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 40 2 example example NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 40 3 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 40 4 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 40 5 number number NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 40 6 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 40 7 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 40 8 classes class NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 40 9 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 40 10 conspicuous conspicuous JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 40 11 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 1 Previously previously RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 3 " " `` cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 4 triple triple JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 5 reassortant reassortant NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 6 " " '' cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 7 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 8 " " `` cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 9 Eurasian eurasian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 10 avian avian NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 11 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 12 like like JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 13 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 14 " " '' cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 15 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 16 " " `` cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 17 classic classic JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 18 " " '' cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 19 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 20 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 21 estimated estimate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 22 8 8 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 41 23 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 1 However however RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 3 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 4 triple triple JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 5 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 6 reassortant reassortant JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 7 group group NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 8 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 9 absorbed absorb VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 10 into into IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 11 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 12 two two CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 13 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 14 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 15 U U NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 16 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 17 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 18 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 19 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 20 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 21 sorting sorting NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 22 differed differ VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 23 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 24 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 25 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 26 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 27 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 28 presented present VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 29 here here RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 31 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 32 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 33 S2 s2 NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 34 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 35 blue blue JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 36 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 37 Table table NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 38 1 1 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 42 40 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 2 frequency frequency NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 4 shifts shift NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 5 detected detect VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 6 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 7 another another DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 8 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 9 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 10 differences difference NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 11 detected detect VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 12 ; ; , cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 13 i.e. i.e. FW cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 14 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 15 only only RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 16 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 17 few few JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 18 shifts shift NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 19 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 20 estimated estimate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 21 4 4 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 22 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 23 8 8 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 24 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 25 9 9 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 26 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 27 13 13 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 43 28 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 44 1 These these DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 44 2 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 44 3 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 44 4 derived derive VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 44 5 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 44 6 differences difference NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 44 7 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 44 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 44 9 classification classification NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 44 10 methods method NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 44 11 used use VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 44 12 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 44 13 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 44 14 will will MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 44 15 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 44 16 discussed discuss VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 44 17 below below RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 44 18 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 45 1 Only only RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 45 2 limited limited JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 45 3 positions position NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 45 4 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 45 5 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 45 6 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 45 7 can can MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 45 8 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 45 9 changed change VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 45 10 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 1 Although although IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 2 amino amino NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 3 acid acid NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 4 sequences sequence NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 5 varied varied JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 6 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 7 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 8 types type NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 9 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 10 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 11 three three CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 12 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 13 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 15 3D 3D NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 17 structures structure NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 18 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 19 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 20 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 21 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 22 rather rather RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 23 conserved conserve VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 24 regarding regard VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 25 HA HA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 27 Fig fig NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 28 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 29 S3A s3a CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 31 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 32 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 33 suggests suggest VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 34 that that IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 35 at at IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 36 least least JJS cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 37 some some DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 38 positions position NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 39 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 40 conserved conserve VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 46 41 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 1 In in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 2 fact fact NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 3 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 4 several several JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 5 positions position NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 6 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 7 common common JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 8 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 9 type type VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 10 A a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 11 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 12 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 13 e.g. e.g. RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 14 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 15 they -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 16 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 17 located locate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 18 at at IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 19 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 20 core core NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 21 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 22 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 23 protein protein NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 24 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 25 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 26 rod rod NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 27 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 28 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 29 alpha alpha NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 30 helix helix NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 32 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 33 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 34 S3B s3b LS cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 47 36 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 48 1 These these DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 48 2 positions position NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 48 3 seem seem VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 48 4 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 48 5 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 48 6 important important JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 48 7 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 48 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 48 9 maintenance maintenance NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 48 10 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 48 11 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 48 12 protein protein NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 48 13 functions function NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 48 14 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 1 From from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 2 1977 1977 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 3 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 4 2009 2009 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 5 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 6 many many JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 7 residues residue NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 8 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 9 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 10 type type NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 11 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 12 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 13 changed change VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 15 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 16 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 17 S3C S3C NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 18 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 19 asterisks asterisk NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 49 21 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 50 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 50 2 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 50 3 mainly mainly RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 50 4 located locate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 50 5 on on IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 50 6 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 50 7 surface surface NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 50 8 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 50 9 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 50 10 protein protein NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 50 11 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 50 12 where where WRB cord-315781-dejh8q22 50 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 50 14 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 50 15 form form VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 50 16 epitopes epitope NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 50 17 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 3 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 4 changes change NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 5 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 6 occurred occur VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 7 at at IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 8 those those DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 9 positions position NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 10 would would MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 11 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 12 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 13 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 14 escaping escape VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 15 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 16 immune immune JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 17 system system NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 18 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 19 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 51 20 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 1 Conversely conversely RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 4 identified identify VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 5 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 6 residues residue NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 7 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 9 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 10 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 11 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 12 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 13 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 14 U U NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 15 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 16 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 17 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 18 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 19 indicated indicate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 20 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 21 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 22 hexagonal hexagonal JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 23 directions direction NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 24 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 25 PC1 PC1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 26 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 27 PC2 PC2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 29 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 52 30 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 53 1 S1E S1E NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 53 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 53 3 green green NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 53 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 53 5 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 54 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 54 2 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 54 3 higher high JJR cord-315781-dejh8q22 54 4 scores score NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 54 5 because because IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 54 6 they -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 54 7 appeared appear VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 54 8 unchanged unchanged JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 54 9 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 54 10 only only RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 54 11 one one CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 54 12 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 54 13 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 54 14 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 55 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 55 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 55 3 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 55 4 S3C S3C NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 55 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 55 6 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 56 1 These these DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 56 2 residues residue NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 56 3 might may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 56 4 play play VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 56 5 important important JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 56 6 roles role NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 56 7 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 56 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 56 9 function function NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 56 10 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 56 11 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 56 12 respective respective JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 56 13 protein protein NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 56 14 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 57 1 Let let VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 57 2 us -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 57 3 consider consider VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 57 4 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 57 5 annual annual JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 57 6 changes change NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 57 7 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 57 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 57 9 group group NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 57 10 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 57 11 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 57 12 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 57 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 57 14 Figs fig NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 57 15 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 58 1 2A 2a LS cord-315781-dejh8q22 58 2 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 58 3 C C NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 58 4 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 58 5 S4A S4A NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 58 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 58 7 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 59 1 In in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 59 2 any any DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 59 3 given give VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 59 4 year year NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 59 5 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 59 6 only only RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 59 7 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 59 8 few few JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 59 9 variations variation NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 59 10 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 59 11 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 59 12 H1 H1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 59 13 subtypes subtype NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 59 14 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 59 15 found find VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 59 16 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 2 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 3 changed change VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 4 slightly slightly RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 5 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 6 drifting drift VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 7 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 8 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 9 detected detect VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 10 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 11 another another DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 12 area area NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 13 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 14 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 15 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 16 year year NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 18 Figs fig NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 60 19 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 61 1 2D 2D NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 61 2 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 61 3 S5 S5 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 61 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 61 5 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 1 As as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 2 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 3 lives life NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 4 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 5 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 6 span span VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 7 several several JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 8 decades decade NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 9 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 10 they -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 11 might may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 12 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 13 immune immune JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 14 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 15 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 16 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 17 appeared appear VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 18 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 19 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 20 past past NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 62 21 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 63 1 This this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 63 2 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 63 3 represent represent VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 63 4 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 63 5 selective selective JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 63 6 pressure pressure NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 63 7 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 63 8 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 63 9 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 64 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 64 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 64 3 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 64 4 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 64 5 travel travel VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 64 6 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 64 7 other other JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 64 8 countries country NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 64 9 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 64 10 air air NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 64 11 while while IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 64 12 carrying carry VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 64 13 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 64 14 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 65 1 Hence hence RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 65 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 65 3 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 65 4 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 65 5 spread spread VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 65 6 worldwide worldwide RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 65 7 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 65 8 unifying unify VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 65 9 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 65 10 outbreaking outbreake VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 65 11 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 65 12 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 1 Although although IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 2 changes change NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 3 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 4 one one CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 5 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 6 several several JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 7 residues residue NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 8 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 9 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 10 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 11 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 12 escape escape VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 13 specific specific JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 14 antibody antibody NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 15 defenses defense NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 16 1 1 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 17 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 18 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 19 have have VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 20 various various JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 21 antibodies antibody NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 22 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 23 target target VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 24 different different JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 25 epitopes epitope NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 66 26 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 2 drifts drift NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 3 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 4 occur occur VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 5 within within IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 6 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 7 year year NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 8 would would MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 9 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 10 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 11 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 12 viral viral JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 13 spread spread NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 14 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 15 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 16 same same JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 17 district district NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 18 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 19 hence hence RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 20 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 21 H1 h1 NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 22 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 23 occurring occur VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 24 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 25 two two CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 26 consecutive consecutive JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 27 years year NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 28 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 29 rare rare JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 31 Figs fig NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 67 32 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 68 1 2D 2D NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 68 2 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 68 3 S5 S5 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 68 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 68 5 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 69 1 Thus thus RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 69 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 69 3 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 69 4 areas area NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 69 5 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 69 6 record record VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 69 7 an an DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 69 8 outbreak outbreak NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 69 9 change change NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 69 10 yearly yearly JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 69 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 69 12 Fig fig NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 69 13 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 69 14 S5 S5 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 69 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 69 16 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 2 axis axis NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 4 PC1 PC1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 5 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 6 contributions contribution NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 7 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 8 bases basis NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 9 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 10 changed change VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 11 once once RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 12 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 13 whereas whereas IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 14 PC2 PC2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 15 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 16 characterized characterize VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 17 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 18 bases basis NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 19 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 20 changed change VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 21 back back RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 22 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 23 forth forth RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 25 Fig fig NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 70 26 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 71 1 S4A S4A NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 71 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 71 3 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 72 1 This this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 72 2 oscillation oscillation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 72 3 might may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 72 4 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 72 5 been be VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 72 6 caused cause VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 72 7 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 72 8 sequential sequential JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 72 9 random random JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 72 10 walk walk NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 72 11 mutation mutation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 72 12 6 6 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 72 13 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 2 random random JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 3 walk walk NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 4 model model NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 5 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 6 also also RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 7 supported support VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 8 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 9 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 10 rapid rapid JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 11 attenuation attenuation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 12 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 13 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 14 contributions contribution NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 15 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 16 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 17 accordance accordance NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 18 with with IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 19 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 20 tangent tangent JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 21 rule rule NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 23 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 24 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 25 S4 S4 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 27 6 6 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 73 28 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 1 However however RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 3 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 4 constant constant JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 5 pattern pattern NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 6 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 7 oscillation oscillation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 8 did do VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 9 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 10 appear appear VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 11 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 12 lower low JJR cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 13 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 14 level level NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 15 PCs pc NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 16 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 17 suggesting suggest VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 18 that that IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 19 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 20 changes change NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 21 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 22 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 23 fully fully RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 24 random random JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 25 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 26 rather rather RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 27 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 28 they -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 29 seemed seem VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 30 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 31 obey obey VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 32 some some DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 33 unidentified unidentified JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 34 rules rule NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 74 35 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 1 As as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 2 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 3 number number NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 4 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 5 samples sample NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 6 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 7 much much RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 8 smaller small JJR cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 9 than than IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 10 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 11 number number NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 12 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 13 bases basis NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 14 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 15 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 16 dimension dimension NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 17 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 18 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 19 PCA PCA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 20 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 21 determined determine VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 22 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 23 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 24 samples sample NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 75 25 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 1 In in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 2 particular particular JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 3 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 4 as as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 5 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 6 samples sample NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 7 do do VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 8 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 9 differ differ VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 10 much much RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 11 within within IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 12 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 13 year year NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 14 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 15 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 16 actual actual JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 17 dimension dimension NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 18 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 19 determined determine VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 20 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 21 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 22 total total JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 23 number number NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 24 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 25 years year NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 26 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 27 forming form VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 28 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 29 drops drop NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 30 at at IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 31 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 32 end end NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 33 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 34 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 35 contributions contribution NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 36 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 37 this this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 38 also also RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 39 bends bend VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 40 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 41 tangent tangent JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 42 regression regression NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 43 at at IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 44 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 45 lowest low JJS cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 46 part part NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 48 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 49 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 50 S4 S4 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 76 52 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 1 In in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 2 addition addition NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 3 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 4 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 5 annual annual JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 6 continuous continuous JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 7 drifts drift NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 8 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 9 several several JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 10 leaps leap NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 11 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 12 also also RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 13 observed observe VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 15 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 16 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 17 2C 2C NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 18 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 19 arrows arrow NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 20 between between IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 21 different different JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 22 colours colour NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 77 24 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 1 For for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 2 example example NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 3 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 4 variants variant NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 5 coloured colour VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 6 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 7 blue blue NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 8 started start VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 9 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 10 1985 1985 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 11 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 12 kept keep VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 13 drifting drift VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 14 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 15 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 16 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 17 recorded record VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 18 through through IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 19 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 20 2001 2001 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 21 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 22 going go VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 23 around around IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 24 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 25 world world NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 26 several several JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 27 times time NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 78 28 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 79 1 Those those DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 79 2 coloured coloured JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 79 3 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 79 4 black black JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 79 5 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 79 6 found find VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 79 7 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 79 8 1995 1995 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 79 9 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 79 10 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 79 11 recorded record VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 79 12 through through IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 79 13 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 79 14 2007 2007 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 79 15 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 1 Those those DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 2 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 3 grey grey NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 4 did do VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 5 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 6 change change VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 7 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 8 PC1 PC1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 9 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 10 but but CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 11 they -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 12 went go VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 13 back back RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 14 toward toward IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 15 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 16 PC2 PC2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 17 axis axis NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 19 other other JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 20 directions direction NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 21 also also RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 22 appeared appear VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 23 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 24 lower low JJR cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 25 PCs pc NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 26 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 27 with with IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 28 contributions contribution NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 29 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 30 positions position NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 31 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 32 changed change VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 33 several several JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 34 times time NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 35 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 36 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 80 37 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 81 1 S4A S4A NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 81 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 81 3 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 2 leaps leap NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 3 would would MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 4 refresh refresh VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 5 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 6 character character NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 7 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 9 epitopes epitope NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 10 ; ; , cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 11 e.g. e.g. RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 12 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 13 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 14 black black JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 15 leap leap NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 16 might may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 17 allow allow VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 18 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 19 parallel parallel JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 20 evolution evolution NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 21 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 22 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 23 blue blue JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 24 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 25 black black JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 26 variants variant NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 27 detected detect VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 28 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 29 PC4 pc4 NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 31 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 32 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 33 2B 2b CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 82 35 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 2 leaps leap NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 3 seemed seem VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 4 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 5 occur occur VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 6 during during IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 7 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 8 years year NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 9 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 10 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 11 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 12 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 13 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 14 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 15 detected detect VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 16 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 17 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 18 areas area NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 19 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 20 reported report VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 21 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 22 surveillance surveillance NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 23 viral viral JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 24 counts count NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 25 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 26 sequences sequence NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 28 Figs fig NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 83 29 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 84 1 2D 2D NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 84 2 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 84 3 S5 S5 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 84 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 84 5 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 1 Leaps leap NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 2 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 3 also also RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 4 observed observe VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 5 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 6 other other JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 7 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 8 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 9 although although IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 10 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 11 distance distance NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 12 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 13 jumps jump NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 14 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 15 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 16 exhibited exhibit VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 17 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 18 certain certain JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 19 variation variation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 20 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 22 timing timing NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 23 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 24 similar similar JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 25 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 26 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 27 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 28 relationships relationship NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 29 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 30 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 31 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 32 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 33 appeared appear VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 34 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 35 PC1 PC1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 36 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 37 PC2 PC2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 38 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 39 all all DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 40 lambda lambda NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 41 shaped shape VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 42 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 43 pointing point VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 44 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 45 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 46 three three CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 47 terminals terminal NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 49 Fig fig NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 50 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 51 S6 S6 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 85 53 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 2 magnitude magnitude NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 4 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 5 differences difference NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 6 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 7 very very RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 8 similar similar JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 9 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 10 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 11 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 12 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 13 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 14 suggests suggest VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 15 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 16 presence presence NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 17 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 18 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 19 constant constant JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 20 mutation mutation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 21 rate rate NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 22 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 23 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 24 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 86 25 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 1 As as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 2 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 3 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 4 case case NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 5 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 6 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 7 H1 H1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 8 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 9 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 10 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 11 changes change NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 12 seemed seem VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 13 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 14 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 15 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 16 choice choice NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 17 between between IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 18 two two CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 19 amino amino NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 20 acids acid NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 21 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 22 each each DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 23 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 24 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 25 showed show VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 26 extreme extreme JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 27 positive positive JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 28 or or CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 29 negative negative JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 30 values value NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 31 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 32 PC pc NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 33 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 34 bases basis NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 35 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 36 therefore therefore RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 37 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 38 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 39 directions direction NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 40 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 41 PCs pc NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 42 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 43 residues residue NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 44 ran run VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 45 through through IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 46 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 47 origin origin NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 48 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 49 showing show VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 50 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 51 symmetrical symmetrical JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 52 hexagonal hexagonal JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 53 shape shape NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 54 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 55 HA HA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 57 Fig fig NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 87 58 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 88 1 S1F s1f LS cord-315781-dejh8q22 88 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 88 3 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 89 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 89 2 variation variation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 89 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 89 4 permissive permissive JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 89 5 amino amino NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 89 6 acids acid NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 89 7 should should MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 89 8 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 89 9 limited limit VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 89 10 at at IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 89 11 each each DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 89 12 position position NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 89 13 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 90 1 Livestock livestock NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 90 2 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 90 3 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 91 1 Let let VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 91 2 us -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 91 3 consider consider VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 91 4 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 91 5 annual annual JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 91 6 changes change NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 91 7 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 91 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 91 9 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 91 10 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 91 11 livestock livestock NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 91 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 91 13 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 91 14 H1 h1 NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 91 15 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 91 16 Fig fig NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 91 17 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 92 1 S4B S4B NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 92 2 ; ; , cord-315781-dejh8q22 92 3 chicken chicken NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 92 4 H5 h5 NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 92 5 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 92 6 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 92 7 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 92 8 S4C s4c NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 92 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 92 10 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 1 Many many JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 2 variations variation NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 3 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 4 present present JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 5 coincidently coincidently RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 6 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 7 any any DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 8 given give VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 9 year year NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 10 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 11 especially especially RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 12 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 13 recent recent JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 14 years year NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 15 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 16 when when WRB cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 17 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 18 sequences sequence NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 19 became become VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 20 available available JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 21 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 22 various various JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 23 areas area NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 93 24 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 94 1 Such such PDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 94 2 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 94 3 variety variety NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 94 4 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 94 5 hide hide VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 94 6 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 94 7 effects effect NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 94 8 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 94 9 drifts drift NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 94 10 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 94 11 higher high JJR cord-315781-dejh8q22 94 12 axes axis NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 94 13 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 94 14 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 94 15 PCA PCA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 94 16 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 95 1 In in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 95 2 fact fact NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 95 3 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 95 4 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 95 5 PC pc NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 95 6 values value NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 95 7 formed form VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 95 8 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 95 9 rows row NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 95 10 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 95 11 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 95 12 plots plot NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 95 13 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 1 However however RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 3 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 4 variations variation NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 5 detected detect VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 6 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 7 an an DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 8 area area NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 9 did do VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 10 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 11 change change VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 12 much much RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 13 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 14 even even RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 15 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 16 lower low JJR cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 17 PC pc NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 18 axes axis NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 20 Fig fig NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 96 21 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 97 1 S4B S4B NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 97 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 97 3 C C NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 97 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 97 5 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 2 small small JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 3 changes change NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 4 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 5 result result VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 6 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 7 differences difference NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 8 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 9 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 10 districts district NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 11 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 12 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 13 surveyed survey VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 14 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 15 specific specific JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 16 years year NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 17 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 18 rather rather RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 19 than than IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 20 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 21 those those DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 22 caused cause VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 23 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 24 drifts drift NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 98 25 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 3 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 4 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 5 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 6 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 7 transmitted transmit VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 8 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 9 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 10 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 11 swine swine NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 12 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 13 detected detect VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 14 several several JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 15 years year NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 16 after after IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 17 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 18 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 19 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 20 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 21 this this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 22 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 23 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 24 occurred occur VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 25 if if IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 26 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 27 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 28 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 29 kept keep VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 30 unchanged unchanged JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 31 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 99 32 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 100 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 100 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 100 3 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 100 4 3A 3A NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 100 5 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 100 6 B B NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 100 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 100 8 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 101 1 These these DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 101 2 observations observation NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 101 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 101 4 that that IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 101 5 livestock livestock NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 101 6 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 101 7 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 101 8 rather rather RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 101 9 conserved conserve VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 101 10 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 1 Each each DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 2 district district NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 3 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 4 keep keep VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 5 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 6 own own JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 7 set set NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 8 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 9 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 10 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 11 library library NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 12 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 14 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 15 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 16 observing observe VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 17 only only RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 18 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 19 limited limited JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 20 portion portion NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 21 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 22 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 23 variation variation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 102 24 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 103 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 103 2 conserved conserved JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 103 3 character character NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 103 4 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 103 5 these these DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 103 6 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 103 7 suggests suggest VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 103 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 103 9 presence presence NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 103 10 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 103 11 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 103 12 weaker weak JJR cord-315781-dejh8q22 103 13 Scientific scientific JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 103 14 RepoRtS reports NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 103 15 | | CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 103 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 103 17 2019 2019 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 103 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 104 1 9:19287 9:19287 LS cord-315781-dejh8q22 104 2 | | NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 104 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55254-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55254-z NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 104 4 www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 104 5 www.nature.com/scientificreports/ www.nature.com/scientificreports/ NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 104 6 selective selective JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 104 7 pressure pressure NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 104 8 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 104 9 newer new JJR cord-315781-dejh8q22 104 10 epitopes epitope NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 104 11 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 2 variety variety NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 3 suggests suggest VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 4 an an DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 5 absence absence NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 6 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 7 competition competition NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 8 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 9 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 10 ; ; , cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 11 i.e. i.e. FW cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 12 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 14 might may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 15 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 16 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 17 limited limited JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 18 ability ability NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 19 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 20 migrate migrate VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 105 21 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 1 There there EX cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 2 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 3 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 4 few few JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 5 exceptions exception NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 6 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 7 this this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 8 conservative conservative JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 9 endemic endemic JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 10 rule rule NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 11 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 12 e.g. e.g. RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 13 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 14 many many JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 15 types type NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 16 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 17 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 18 chicken chicken NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 19 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 20 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 21 detected detect VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 22 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 23 East East NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 24 Asia Asia NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 26 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 27 . . NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 28 4 4 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 106 30 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 107 1 Viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 107 2 might may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 107 3 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 107 4 carried carry VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 107 5 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 107 6 imported import VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 107 7 livestock livestock NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 107 8 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 1 Such such JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 2 migration migration NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 3 has have VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 4 also also RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 5 been be VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 6 reported report VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 7 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 8 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 9 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 10 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 11 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 12 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 13 transported transport VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 14 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 15 Europe Europe NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 16 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 17 Mexico Mexico NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 18 11 11 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 19 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 20 12 12 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 108 21 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 2 group group NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 3 U u VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 4 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 5 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 6 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 7 further further RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 8 separated separate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 9 into into IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 10 European european JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 11 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 12 Asian asian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 13 subgroups subgroup NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 14 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 15 one one CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 16 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 17 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 18 European european JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 19 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 20 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 21 found find VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 22 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 23 Mexico Mexico NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 25 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 109 26 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 110 1 S4B S4B NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 110 2 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 110 3 U U NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 110 4 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 110 5 PC1 PC1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 110 6 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 110 7 indicated indicate VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 110 8 as as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 110 9 " " `` cord-315781-dejh8q22 110 10 2 2 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 110 11 " " '' cord-315781-dejh8q22 110 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 110 13 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 111 1 Origin Origin NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 111 2 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 111 3 pdm09 pdm09 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 111 4 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 2 pdm09 pdm09 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 3 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 4 appeared appear VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 5 soon soon RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 6 after after IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 7 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 8 last last JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 9 outbreak outbreak NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 10 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 11 type type NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 12 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 13 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 14 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 15 occurred occur VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 16 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 17 2009 2009 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 18 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 19 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 20 spread spread VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 21 worldwide worldwide RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 22 within within IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 23 1 1 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 112 24 year year NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 113 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 113 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 113 3 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 113 4 S5 S5 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 113 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 113 6 3 3 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 113 7 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 113 8 8 8 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 113 9 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 113 10 9 9 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 113 11 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 113 12 11 11 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 113 13 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 2 origin origin NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 4 pdm09 pdm09 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 5 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 6 thought think VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 7 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 8 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 9 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 10 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 11 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 12 Mexico Mexico NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 13 8 8 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 14 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 15 9 9 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 16 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 17 11 11 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 18 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 19 however however RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 20 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 21 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 22 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 23 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 24 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 25 recorded record VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 26 before before IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 27 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 28 pandemic pandemic NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 29 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 30 that that DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 31 country country NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 114 32 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 1 A a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 2 later later JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 3 study study NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 4 disclosed disclose VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 5 that that IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 6 several several JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 7 viral viral JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 8 types type NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 9 existed exist VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 10 11 11 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 11 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 12 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 13 included include VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 14 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 15 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 16 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 17 mainly mainly RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 18 found find VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 19 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 20 Asia Asia NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 21 or or CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 22 Europe Europe NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 24 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 25 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 26 S4B S4B NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 28 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 29 as as RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 30 well well RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 31 as as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 32 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 33 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 34 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 35 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 36 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 38 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 39 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 40 3A 3A NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 41 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 42 B B NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 115 44 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 1 Although although IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 2 group group NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 3 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 4 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 5 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 6 reported report VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 7 sporadically sporadically RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 8 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 9 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 10 before before IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 11 2009 2009 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 12 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 13 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 14 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 15 pdm09 pdm09 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 16 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 17 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 18 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 19 as as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 20 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 21 small small JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 22 cluster cluster NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 23 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 24 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 25 plot plot NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 27 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 28 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 29 1C 1C NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 116 31 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 117 1 Such such JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 117 2 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 117 3 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 117 4 also also RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 117 5 observed observe VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 117 6 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 117 7 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 117 8 other other JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 117 9 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 117 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 117 11 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 117 12 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 117 13 S2 S2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 117 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 117 15 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 117 16 _SP cord-315781-dejh8q22 118 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 118 2 analysis analysis NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 118 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 118 4 data datum NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 118 5 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 118 6 scientific scientific JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 118 7 purposes purpose NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 118 8 requires require VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 118 9 objectivity objectivity NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 118 10 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 119 1 This this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 119 2 can can MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 119 3 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 119 4 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 119 5 achieved achieve VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 119 6 without without IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 119 7 considering consider VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 119 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 119 9 falsifiability falsifiability NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 119 10 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 119 11 models model NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 119 12 14 14 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 119 13 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 119 14 15 15 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 119 15 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 120 1 Here here RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 120 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 120 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 120 4 presented present VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 120 5 views view NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 120 6 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 120 7 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 120 8 very very RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 120 9 different different JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 120 10 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 120 11 those those DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 120 12 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 120 13 previous previous JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 120 14 studies study NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 120 15 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 2 discrepancies discrepancy NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 3 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 4 generated generate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 5 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 6 differences difference NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 7 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 9 methodologies methodology NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 10 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 11 because because IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 12 many many JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 13 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 14 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 15 data datum NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 16 analysed analyse VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 17 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 18 common common JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 19 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 20 studies study NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 121 21 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 122 1 Here here RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 122 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 122 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 122 4 wish wish VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 122 5 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 122 6 show show VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 122 7 that that IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 122 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-315781-dejh8q22 122 9 study study NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 122 10 has have VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 122 11 better well JJR cord-315781-dejh8q22 122 12 falsifiability falsifiability NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 122 13 6 6 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 122 14 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 123 1 A a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 123 2 sequence sequence NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 123 3 matrix matrix NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 123 4 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 123 5 essentially essentially RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 123 6 composed compose VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 123 7 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 123 8 multivariate multivariate JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 123 9 data datum NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 123 10 with with IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 123 11 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 123 12 large large JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 123 13 number number NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 123 14 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 123 15 dimensions dimension NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 123 16 6 6 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 123 17 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 1 Previous previous JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 2 studies study NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 3 used use VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 4 tree tree NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 5 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 6 based base VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 7 models model NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 9 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 10 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 11 1 1 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 13 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 14 can can MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 15 handle handle VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 16 only only RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 17 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 18 single single JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 19 dimension dimension NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 20 7 7 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 21 ; ; , cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 22 such such JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 23 tree tree NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 24 models model NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 25 have have VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 26 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 27 ignore ignore VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 28 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 29 real real JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 30 data data NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 31 structure structure NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 124 32 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 2 understanding understanding NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 4 clusters cluster NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 5 requires require VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 6 advanced advanced JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 7 judgement judgement NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 8 calls call NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 9 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 10 hence hence RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 11 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 13 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 14 fail fail VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 15 easily easily RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 16 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 17 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 18 comparison comparison NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 19 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 20 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 21 results result NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 22 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 23 different different JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 24 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 25 or or CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 26 types type NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 27 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 28 difficult difficult JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 125 29 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 1 In in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 2 contrast contrast NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 3 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 4 PCA PCA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 5 does do VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 6 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 7 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 8 limitations limitation NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 9 regarding regard VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 10 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 11 shape shape NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 12 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 13 presentations presentation NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 14 or or CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 15 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 16 number number NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 17 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 18 dimensions dimension NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 19 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 20 thus thus RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 21 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 23 has have VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 24 better well JJR cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 25 objectivity objectivity NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 26 6 6 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 126 27 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 127 1 For for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 127 2 instance instance NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 127 3 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 127 4 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 127 5 attributions attribution NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 127 6 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 127 7 clusters cluster NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 127 8 presented present VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 127 9 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 127 10 Figs Figs NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 127 11 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 128 1 1C 1C NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 128 2 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 128 3 S2 S2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 128 4 should should MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 128 5 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 128 6 cause cause VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 128 7 confusion confusion NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 128 8 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 3 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 4 assumption assumption NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 5 that that IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 6 " " `` cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 7 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 8 relationship relationship NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 9 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 10 samples sample NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 11 should should MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 12 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 13 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 14 tree tree NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 15 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 16 like like JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 17 structure structure NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 18 " " '' cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 19 can can MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 20 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 21 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 22 verified verify VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 129 23 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 130 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-315781-dejh8q22 130 2 analyses analysis NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 130 3 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 130 4 free free JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 130 5 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 130 6 such such JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 130 7 assumptions assumption NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 130 8 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 131 1 www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreport NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 132 1 www.nature.com/scientificreports/ www.nature.com/scientificreports/ NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 133 1 One one CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 133 2 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 133 3 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 133 4 major major JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 133 5 differences difference NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 133 6 observed observe VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 133 7 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 133 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 133 9 direct direct JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 133 10 shift shift NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 133 11 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 133 12 avian avian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 133 13 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 133 14 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 133 15 or or CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 133 16 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 133 17 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 133 18 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 1 Although although IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 2 these these DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 3 shifts shift NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 4 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 5 thought think VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 6 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 7 explain explain VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 9 1918 1918 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 10 5,13,16 5,13,16 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 11 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 12 2009 2009 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 13 8 8 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 14 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 15 9 9 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 16 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 17 11 11 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 18 pandemic pandemic NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 19 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 20 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 21 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 22 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 23 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 24 avian avian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 25 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 26 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 27 separated separate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 28 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 29 any any DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 30 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 31 or or CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 32 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 33 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 34 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 35 even even RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 36 those those DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 37 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 38 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 39 thought think VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 40 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 41 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 42 close close JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 43 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 44 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 45 source source NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 47 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 48 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 49 S2 S2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 50 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 51 A A NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 52 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 53 orange orange NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 55 17 17 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 134 56 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 135 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 135 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 135 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 135 4 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 135 5 difficult difficult JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 135 6 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 135 7 estimate estimate VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 135 8 such such JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 135 9 direct direct JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 135 10 shifts shift NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 135 11 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 1 In in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 2 fact fact NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 3 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 4 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 5 cluster cluster NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 6 called call VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 7 " " `` cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 8 triple triple JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 9 reassortant reassortant NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 10 " " '' cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 11 disappeared disappear VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 13 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 14 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 15 2S 2s CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 17 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 18 this this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 19 class class NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 20 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 21 detected detect VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 22 as as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 23 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 24 pandemic pandemic NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 25 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 26 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 27 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 28 17 17 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 29 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 30 also also RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 31 presented present VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 32 some some DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 33 clusters cluster NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 34 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 35 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 36 8 8 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 37 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 38 9 9 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 39 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 40 11 11 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 136 41 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 1 Although although IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 2 avian avian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 3 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 4 might may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 5 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 6 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 7 origin origin NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 8 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 9 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 10 H1 H1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 11 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 12 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 14 might may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 15 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 16 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 17 limited limited JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 18 capacity capacity NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 19 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 20 infect infect VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 21 swine swine NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 22 or or CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 23 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 24 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 25 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 26 vice vice NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 27 versa versa RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 137 28 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 1 Among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 2 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 3 samples sample NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 4 studied study VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 5 here here RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 6 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 7 there there EX cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 8 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 9 only only RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 10 one one CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 11 example example NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 12 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 13 such such JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 14 transmittance transmittance NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 15 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 16 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 17 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 18 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 19 occurred occur VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 20 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 21 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 22 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 23 turkeys turkey NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 25 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 26 taxonomy taxonomy NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 27 ID ID NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 28 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 29 1848980 1848980 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 31 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 32 contrast contrast NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 33 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 34 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 35 occasional occasional JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 36 transmittance transmittance NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 37 observed observe VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 38 between between IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 39 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 40 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 41 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 43 Figs fig NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 138 44 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 139 1 1C 1C NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 139 2 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 139 3 4A 4a CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 139 4 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 139 5 B b NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 139 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 139 7 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 2 three three CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 3 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 4 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 5 R R NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 6 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 7 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 8 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 9 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 10 U U NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 11 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 12 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 13 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 14 branched branch VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 15 out out RP cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 16 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 17 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 18 origin origin NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 19 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 20 achieve achieve VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 21 better well JJR cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 22 infectivity infectivity NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 23 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 24 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 25 or or CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 140 26 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 141 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 141 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 141 3 . . NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 141 4 5 5 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 141 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 141 6 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 142 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 142 2 1943 1943 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 142 3 human human NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 142 4 strain strain NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 142 5 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 142 6 represent represent VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 142 7 an an DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 142 8 earlier early JJR cord-315781-dejh8q22 142 9 process process NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 142 10 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 142 11 branching branch VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 142 12 out out RP cord-315781-dejh8q22 143 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 143 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 143 3 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 143 4 S2 S2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 143 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 143 6 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 1 Swine Swine NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 2 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 3 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 4 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 5 origin origin NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 6 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 7 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 8 1918 1918 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 9 pandemic pandemic NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 10 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 11 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 12 i.e. i.e. FW cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 13 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 14 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 15 1930 1930 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 16 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 17 strain strain NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 18 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 19 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 20 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 21 derivative derivative NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 22 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 23 this this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 24 group group NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 25 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 26 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 144 27 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 1 Drifts drift NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 2 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 3 spreading spread VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 4 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 5 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 6 genomes genome NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 7 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 9 R R NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 10 group group NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 11 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 12 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 13 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 14 have have VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 15 been be VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 16 changing change VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 17 yearly yearly JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 19 Figs fig NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 145 20 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 146 1 2A 2a LS cord-315781-dejh8q22 146 2 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 146 3 C C NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 146 4 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 146 5 S4A S4A NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 146 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 146 7 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 2 changed change VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 3 residues residue NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 4 covered cover VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 5 almost almost RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 6 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 7 whole whole JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 8 surface surface NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 9 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 10 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 11 HA HA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 12 protein protein NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 14 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 15 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 16 S3C S3C NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 18 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 19 showing show VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 20 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 21 trajectory trajectory NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 22 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 23 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 24 30 30 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 25 years year NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 26 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 27 battle battle NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 28 against against IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 29 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 30 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 31 immune immune NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 32 system system NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 147 33 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 1 In in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 2 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 3 last last JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 4 few few JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 5 years year NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 6 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 7 drifting drifting NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 8 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 9 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 10 observed observe VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 11 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 12 PC1 PC1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 13 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 14 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 15 records record VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 16 positions position NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 17 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 18 changed change VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 19 only only RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 148 20 once once RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 149 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 149 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 149 3 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 149 4 2A 2a CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 149 5 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 149 6 grey grey NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 149 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 149 8 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 2 seems seem VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 3 that that IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 4 few few JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 5 positions position NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 6 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 7 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 8 amenable amenable JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 9 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 10 variation variation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 11 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 12 left leave VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 13 unchanged unchanged JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 14 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 15 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 16 that that IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 17 spontaneous spontaneous JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 18 mutation mutation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 19 failed fail VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 20 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 21 hit hit VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 22 those those DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 23 positions position NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 25 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 26 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 27 S3C S3C NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 28 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 29 positions position NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 30 located locate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 31 on on IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 32 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 33 surface surface NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 34 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 35 HA HA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 36 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 37 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 38 marked mark VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 150 40 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 1 Even even RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 2 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 3 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 4 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 5 almost almost RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 6 exhausted exhaust VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 7 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 8 number number NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 9 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 10 unchanged unchanged JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 11 positions position NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 12 kept keep VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 13 drifting drift VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 14 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 15 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 16 lower low JJR cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 17 PCs pc NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 18 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 19 where where WRB cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 20 repeated repeat VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 21 mutations mutation NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 22 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 23 recorded record VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 25 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 26 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 27 S4A S4A NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 151 29 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 2 leaps leap NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 4 drifting drifting NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 5 observed observe VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 6 here here RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 8 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 9 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 10 2C 2C NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 12 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 13 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 14 denote denote VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 15 punctuated punctuated JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 16 evolution evolution NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 17 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 18 rather rather RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 19 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 20 they -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 21 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 22 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 23 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 24 result result NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 25 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 26 accumulating accumulate VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 27 mutations mutation NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 28 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 29 occurred occur VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 30 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 31 areas area NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 32 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 33 do do VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 34 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 35 report report VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 36 sequences sequence NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 152 37 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 153 1 For for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 153 2 instance instance NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 153 3 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 153 4 very very RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 153 5 few few JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 153 6 records record NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 153 7 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 153 8 available available JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 153 9 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 153 10 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 153 11 African african JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 153 12 continent continent NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 153 13 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 2 history history NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 4 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 5 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 6 type type NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 7 also also RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 8 included include VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 9 some some DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 10 bifurcations bifurcation NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 12 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 13 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 14 2A 2a CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 15 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 16 C C NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 18 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 19 i.e. i.e. FW cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 20 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 21 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 22 located locate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 23 on on IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 24 different different JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 25 branches branch NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 26 appeared appear VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 27 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 28 different different JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 29 districts district NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 30 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 31 parallel parallel NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 154 32 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 1 If if IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 2 these these DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 3 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 4 competed compete VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 5 within within IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 6 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 7 small small JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 8 area area NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 9 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 10 only only RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 11 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 12 strain strain NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 13 with with IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 14 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 15 highest high JJS cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 16 infectivity infectivity NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 17 would would MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 18 remain remain VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 155 19 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 1 If if IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 2 some some DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 3 drifts drift NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 4 occurred occur VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 5 coincidently coincidently RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 6 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 7 areas area NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 8 located locate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 9 far far RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 10 apart apart RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 11 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 12 such such JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 13 branching branching NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 14 might may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 15 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 16 occurred occur VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 17 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 18 might may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 19 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 20 been be VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 21 maintained maintain VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 22 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 23 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 24 while while NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 156 25 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 1 In in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 2 contrast contrast NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 3 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 4 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 5 frequent frequent JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 6 drifts drift NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 7 observed observe VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 8 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 9 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 10 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 11 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 12 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 13 those those DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 14 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 15 livestock livestock NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 16 seemed seem VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 17 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 18 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 19 conserved conserve VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 157 20 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 158 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 158 2 livestock livestock NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 158 3 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 158 4 differed differ VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 158 5 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 158 6 districts district NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 158 7 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 158 8 remained remain VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 158 9 constant constant JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 158 10 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 158 11 years year NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 158 12 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 2 conservative conservative JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 3 nature nature NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 4 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 5 these these DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 6 viral viral JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 8 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 9 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 10 attributed attribute VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 11 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 12 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 13 short short JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 14 life life NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 15 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 16 span span NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 17 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 18 livestock livestock NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 159 19 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 1 As as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 3 rarely rarely RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 4 live live VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 5 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 6 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 7 year year NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 8 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 10 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 11 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 12 immune immune JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 13 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 14 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 15 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 16 spread spread VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 17 over over IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 18 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 19 previous previous JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 20 year year NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 160 21 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 161 1 Hence hence RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 161 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 161 3 these these DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 161 4 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 161 5 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 161 6 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 161 7 under under IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 161 8 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 161 9 selective selective JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 161 10 pressure pressure NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 161 11 toward toward IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 161 12 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 161 13 formation formation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 161 14 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 161 15 newer new JJR cord-315781-dejh8q22 161 16 epitopes epitope NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 161 17 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 1 Likely likely RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 3 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 4 conservative conservative JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 5 character character NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 6 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 7 also also RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 8 found find VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 9 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 10 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 11 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 12 studies study NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 13 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 14 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 15 infection infection NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 16 with with IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 17 filoviruses filovirus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 18 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 19 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 21 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 22 shown show VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 162 24 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 163 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 163 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 163 3 because because IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 163 4 livestock livestock NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 163 5 rarely rarely RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 163 6 move move VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 163 7 around around RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 163 8 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 163 9 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 163 10 area area NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 163 11 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 163 12 viral viral JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 163 13 transmission transmission NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 163 14 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 163 15 limited limit VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 163 16 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 164 1 For for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 164 2 example example NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 164 3 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 164 4 even even RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 164 5 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 164 6 very very RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 164 7 infectious infectious JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 164 8 pandemic pandemic NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 164 9 avian avian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 164 10 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 164 11 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 164 12 2004 2004 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 164 13 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 164 14 unable unable JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 164 15 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 164 16 spread spread VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 164 17 worldwide worldwide RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 164 18 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 165 1 Instead instead RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 165 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 165 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 165 4 infected infect VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 165 5 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 165 6 limited limited JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 165 7 number number NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 165 8 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 165 9 farms farm NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 165 10 2 2 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 165 11 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 1 This this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 2 limitation limitation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 3 precludes preclude VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 4 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 5 competition competition NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 6 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 7 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 8 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 9 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 10 enabling enable VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 11 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 12 maintenance maintenance NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 13 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 14 unique unique JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 15 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 16 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 17 small small JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 18 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 19 separate separate JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 20 areas area NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 166 21 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 167 1 Some some DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 167 2 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 167 3 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 167 4 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 167 5 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 167 6 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 167 7 retained retain VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 167 8 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 167 9 include include VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 167 10 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 167 11 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 167 12 spread spread VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 167 13 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 167 14 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 167 15 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 167 16 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 167 17 past past NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 167 18 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 168 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 168 2 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 168 3 even even RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 168 4 possible possible JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 168 5 that that IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 168 6 several several JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 168 7 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 168 8 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 168 9 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 168 10 kept keep VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 168 11 intact intact JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 168 12 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 168 13 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 168 14 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 1 Such such JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 2 collections collection NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 3 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 4 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 5 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 6 source source NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 7 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 9 1977 1977 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 11 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 12 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 13 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 14 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 15 thought think VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 16 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 17 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 18 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 19 frozen frozen JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 20 laboratory laboratory NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 21 strain strain NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 22 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 23 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 24 released release VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 25 accidentally accidentally RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 26 4 4 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 27 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 28 18 18 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 169 29 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 2 migration migration NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 4 livestock livestock NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 5 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 6 could could MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 7 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 8 mainly mainly RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 9 caused cause VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 10 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 11 trading trade VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 12 11 11 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 13 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 14 although although IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 15 migrant migrant JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 16 birds bird NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 17 might may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 18 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 19 able able JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 20 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 21 transport transport VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 22 avian avian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 23 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 24 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 25 chickens chicken NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 26 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 27 some some DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 28 cases case NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 29 19 19 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 170 30 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 1 However however RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 3 if if IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 4 such such JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 5 transfers transfer NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 6 occur occur VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 7 frequently frequently RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 8 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 9 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 10 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 11 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 12 specific specific JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 13 areas area NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 14 would would MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 15 disappear disappear VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 16 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 17 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 18 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 19 would would MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 20 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 21 better well RBR cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 22 distributed distribute VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 23 worldwide worldwide RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 24 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 25 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 26 particular particular JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 27 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 28 Europe Europe NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 171 29 www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreport VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 172 1 www.nature.com/scientificreports/ www.nature.com/scientificreports/ NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 172 2 should should MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 172 3 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 172 4 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 172 5 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 172 6 originated originate VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 172 7 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 172 8 other other JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 172 9 areas area NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 172 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 172 11 Fig fig NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 172 12 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 172 13 S2 S2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 172 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 172 15 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 173 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 173 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 173 3 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 173 4 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 173 5 livestock livestock NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 173 6 would would MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 173 7 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 173 8 transmitted transmit VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 173 9 rarely rarely RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 173 10 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 173 11 migrant migrant JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 173 12 birds bird NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 173 13 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 2 should should MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 3 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 4 aware aware JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 5 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 6 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 7 risk risk NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 8 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 9 keeping keep VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 10 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 11 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 12 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 13 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 14 have have VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 15 different different JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 16 influenza influenza NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 17 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 18 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 19 adjacent adjacent JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 20 farms farm NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 21 because because IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 22 new new JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 23 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 24 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 25 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 26 produced produce VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 27 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 28 genome genome NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 29 shifting shifting NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 174 30 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 175 1 To to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 175 2 prevent prevent VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 175 3 this this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 175 4 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 175 5 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 175 6 segregation segregation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 175 7 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 175 8 imported import VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 175 9 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 175 10 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 175 11 domestic domestic JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 175 12 ones one NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 175 13 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 175 14 critical critical JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 175 15 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 176 1 Districts district NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 176 2 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 176 3 report report VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 176 4 several several JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 176 5 viral viral JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 176 6 types type NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 176 7 should should MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 176 8 prevent prevent VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 176 9 farm farm NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 176 10 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 176 11 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 176 12 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 176 13 farm farm NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 176 14 contamination contamination NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 176 15 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 3 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 4 exchange exchange NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 5 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 6 genomes genome NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 7 between between IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 8 human human NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 9 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 10 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 11 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 12 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 13 give give VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 14 rise rise NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 15 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 16 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 17 new new JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 18 strain strain NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 19 with with IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 20 new new JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 21 sets set NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 22 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 23 surface surface NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 24 proteins protein NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 25 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 26 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 27 able able JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 28 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 29 infect infect VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 30 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 177 31 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 2 Switzerland Switzerland NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 3 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 5 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 6 taxonomy taxonomy NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 7 ID ID NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 8 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 9 940568 940568 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 11 proved prove VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 12 that that IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 13 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 14 group group NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 15 U u NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 16 strain strain NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 17 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 18 also also RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 19 capable capable JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 20 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 21 infecting infect VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 22 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 23 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 24 therefore therefore RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 25 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 26 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 27 new new JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 28 pandemic pandemic NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 29 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 30 occur occur VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 31 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 32 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 33 case case NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 34 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 35 an an DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 36 outbreak outbreak NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 37 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 38 this this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 39 type type NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 40 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 41 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 178 42 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 1 Such such JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 2 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 4 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 5 origin origin NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 6 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 7 maintained maintain VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 8 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 9 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 10 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 11 maybe maybe RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 12 latently latently RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 14 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 15 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 16 3A 3A NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 17 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 18 B B NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 179 20 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 1 Origins origin NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 2 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 3 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 4 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 5 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 6 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 7 pdm09 pdm09 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 8 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 9 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 10 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 11 originated originate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 12 via via IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 13 shifts shift NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 14 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 15 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 16 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 17 8 8 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 18 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 19 10 10 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 20 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 21 11 11 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 180 22 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 2 American american JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 3 classic classic JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 4 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 5 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 6 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 7 reassortant reassortant JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 8 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 9 could could MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 10 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 11 defined define VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 12 using use VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 13 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 14 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 16 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 17 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 18 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 20 Table table NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 21 1 1 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 181 23 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 1 Replacing replace VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 2 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 3 U U NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 4 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 5 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 6 NA NA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 7 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 8 MP MP NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 9 with with IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 10 those those DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 11 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 12 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 13 European european JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 14 type type NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 16 U u UH cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 17 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 18 U u UH cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 19 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 20 U u UH cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 21 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 22 U u UH cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 23 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 24 U U NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 25 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 26 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 27 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 28 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 29 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 30 U U NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 32 can can MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 33 complete complete VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 34 all all DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 35 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 36 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 37 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 38 pdm09 pdm09 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 182 39 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 183 1 Such such JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 183 2 shifts shift NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 183 3 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 183 4 occur occur VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 183 5 occasionally occasionally RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 183 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 183 7 Table table NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 183 8 1 1 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 183 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 183 10 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 184 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 184 2 should should MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 184 3 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 184 4 noted note VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 184 5 that that IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 184 6 assortment assortment NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 184 7 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 184 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 184 9 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 184 10 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 184 11 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 184 12 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 184 13 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 184 14 produce produce VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 184 15 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 184 16 pdm09 pdm09 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 184 17 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 184 18 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 1 Although although IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 2 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 3 reassortant reassortant JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 4 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 5 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 6 repeatedly repeatedly RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 7 detected detect VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 8 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 9 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 10 samples sample NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 11 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 13 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 14 transmitted transmit VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 15 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 16 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 17 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 18 did do VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 19 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 20 spread spread VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 21 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 22 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 185 23 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 2 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 3 showed show VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 4 PCs pc NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 5 located locate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 6 nearer near RBR cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 7 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 8 average average NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 9 compared compare VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 10 with with IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 11 pdm09 pdm09 NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 13 Figs Figs NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 14 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 15 1C 1C NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 16 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 17 S2 S2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 186 19 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 1 If if IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 2 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 3 human human NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 4 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 5 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 6 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 7 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 8 transition transition NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 9 requires require VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 10 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 11 specific specific JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 12 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 13 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 14 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 15 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 16 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 17 those those DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 18 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 19 should should MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 20 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 21 detected detect VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 22 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 23 some some DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 24 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 25 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 26 PCs pc NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 27 when when WRB cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 28 enough enough JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 29 samples sample NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 30 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 31 included include VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 32 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 33 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 34 calculation calculation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 35 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 36 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 37 extreme extreme JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 38 values value NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 39 observed observe VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 40 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 41 PC1 PC1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 42 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 43 PC2 PC2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 44 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 45 reflect reflect VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 46 such such JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 47 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 187 48 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 188 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 188 2 archiving archiving NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 188 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 188 4 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 188 5 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 188 6 requires require VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 188 7 further further JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 188 8 shifts shift NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 188 9 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 188 10 all all PDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 188 11 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 188 12 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 188 13 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 188 14 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 188 15 assorted assorted JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 188 16 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 188 17 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 188 18 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 2 origin origin NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 4 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 5 type type NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 6 polymerases polymerase NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 7 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 9 reassortant reassortant NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 10 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 11 pdm09 pdm09 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 12 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 13 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 14 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 15 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 16 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 17 result result NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 18 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 19 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 20 direct direct JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 21 shift shift NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 22 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 23 avian avian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 24 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 26 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 27 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 28 S2 S2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 189 30 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 190 1 Instead instead RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 190 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 190 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 190 4 might may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 190 5 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 190 6 maintained maintain VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 190 7 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 190 8 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 190 9 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 190 10 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 190 11 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 190 12 drifted drift VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 190 13 away away RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 190 14 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 190 15 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 190 16 avian avian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 190 17 type type NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 191 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 191 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 191 3 . . NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 191 4 5 5 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 191 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 191 6 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 192 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 192 2 same same JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 192 3 would would MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 192 4 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 192 5 true true JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 192 6 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 192 7 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 192 8 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 192 9 type type NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 192 10 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 192 11 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 1 Although although IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 2 most most JJS cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 4 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 5 sequencing sequencing NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 6 data datum NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 7 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 8 obtained obtain VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 9 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 10 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 11 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 12 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 13 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 14 type type NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 15 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 16 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 17 been be VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 18 overlooked overlook VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 19 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 20 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 193 21 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 1 If if IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 2 these these DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 3 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 4 do do VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 5 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 6 cause cause VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 7 severe severe JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 8 symptoms symptom NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 9 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 10 they -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 11 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 12 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 13 attract attract VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 14 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 15 attention attention NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 16 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 17 farmers farmer NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 18 or or CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 19 researchers researcher NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 194 20 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 195 1 In in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 195 2 fact fact NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 195 3 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 195 4 focused focus VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 195 5 approaches approach NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 195 6 detected detect VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 195 7 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 195 8 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 195 9 type type NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 195 10 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 195 11 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 195 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 195 13 Fig fig NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 195 14 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 195 15 3B 3B NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 195 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 195 17 11 11 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 195 18 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 1 Such such JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 2 endemic endemic JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 3 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 4 types type NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 5 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 6 show show VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 7 lower low JJR cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 8 values value NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 9 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 10 PC pc NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 11 closer close RBR cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 12 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 13 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 14 origin origin NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 15 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 16 e.g. e.g. RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 17 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 18 those those DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 19 found find VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 20 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 21 England England NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 22 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 23 Dötlingen Dötlingen NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 24 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 25 2005 2005 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 26 might may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 27 satisfy satisfy VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 28 this this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 29 condition condition NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 31 Fig fig NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 32 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 33 S2 s2 NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 34 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 35 HA HA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 37 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 38 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 39 other other JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 40 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 41 also also RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 42 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 43 such such JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 44 endemic endemic JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 45 candidates candidate NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 196 46 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 4 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 5 difficult difficult JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 6 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 7 estimate estimate VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 9 history history NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 10 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 11 old old JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 12 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 13 because because IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 14 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 15 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 16 shortage shortage NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 17 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 18 data datum NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 197 19 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 1 Some some DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 2 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 3 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 4 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 5 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 6 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 7 1930 1930 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 8 strain strain NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 9 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 10 interesting interesting JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 11 positions position NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 12 on on IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 13 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 14 branches branch NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 15 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 16 i.e. i.e. FW cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 17 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 18 some some DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 19 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 20 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 21 type type NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 22 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 23 while while IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 24 others other NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 25 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 26 located locate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 27 between between IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 28 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 29 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 30 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 32 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 33 or or CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 34 U U NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 36 types type NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 38 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 39 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 40 S2 S2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 198 42 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 199 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 199 2 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 199 3 would would MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 199 4 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 199 5 those those DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 199 6 close close JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 199 7 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 199 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 199 9 branching branch VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 199 10 point point NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 199 11 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 199 12 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 199 13 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 199 14 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 1 However however RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 3 this this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 4 does do VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 5 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 6 necessarily necessarily RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 7 mean mean VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 8 that that IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 9 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 10 branching branching NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 11 occurred occur VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 12 recently recently RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 13 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 14 i.e. i.e. FW cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 15 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 17 could could MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 18 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 19 been be VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 20 preserved preserve VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 21 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 22 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 23 at at IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 24 least least JJS cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 25 until until IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 26 1930 1930 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 200 27 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 201 1 Whether whether IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 201 2 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 201 3 1918 1918 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 201 4 and/or and/or CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 201 5 1943 1943 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 201 6 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 201 7 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 201 8 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 201 9 lineal lineal JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 201 10 ancestors ancestor NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 201 11 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 201 12 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 201 13 1977 1977 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 201 14 pandemic pandemic NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 201 15 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 201 16 remains remain VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 201 17 uncertain uncertain JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 201 18 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 2 should should MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 3 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 4 noted note VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 5 that that IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 6 these these DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 7 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 8 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 9 included include VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 10 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 11 different different JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 12 epidemic epidemic NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 13 series series NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 14 on on IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 15 different different JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 16 memories memory NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 17 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 18 immunity immunity NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 19 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 20 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 202 21 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 1 These these DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 2 immune immune JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 3 memories memory NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 4 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 5 changing change VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 6 because because IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 7 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 9 change change NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 10 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 11 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 12 generations generation NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 13 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 14 i.e. i.e. FW cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 15 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 16 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 17 return return NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 18 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 19 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 20 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 21 group group NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 22 observed observe VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 23 over over IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 24 recent recent JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 25 years year NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 27 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 28 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 29 2C 2C NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 30 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 31 grey grey NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 33 might may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 34 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 35 been be VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 36 enabled enable VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 37 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 38 such such JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 39 changes change NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 203 40 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 1 Estimation estimation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 2 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 3 future future JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 4 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 5 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 6 vaccination vaccination NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 7 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 8 patterns pattern NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 9 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 10 change change NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 11 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 12 observed observe VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 13 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 14 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 15 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 16 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 17 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 18 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 19 types type NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 20 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 21 each each DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 22 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 23 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 24 PC pc NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 25 axes axis NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 27 Figs fig NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 204 28 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 205 1 2A 2A NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 205 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 205 3 B B NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 205 4 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 205 5 3A 3A NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 205 6 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 205 7 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 205 8 S4A S4A NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 205 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 205 10 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 1 Although although IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 2 PCA PCA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 3 produces produce VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 4 sin sin NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 5 curves curve NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 6 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 7 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 8 records record NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 9 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 10 random random JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 11 walk walk NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 12 mutations mutation NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 13 6 6 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 14 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 15 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 16 real real JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 17 patterns pattern NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 18 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 19 reflect reflect VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 20 some some DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 21 rules rule NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 22 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 23 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 24 drift drift NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 25 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 26 genomes genome NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 206 27 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 1 As as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 2 patterns pattern NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 4 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 5 groups group NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 6 become become VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 7 apparent apparent JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 8 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 10 can can MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 11 compare compare VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 12 them -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 13 between between IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 14 M M NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 15 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 16 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 17 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 18 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 19 estimate estimate VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 20 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 21 hidden hide VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 22 rules rule NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 207 23 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 1 Although although IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 2 HA HA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 3 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 4 thought think VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 5 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 6 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 7 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 8 primary primary JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 9 target target NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 10 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 11 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 12 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 13 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 14 immune immune JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 15 response response NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 16 1 1 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 17 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 18 other other JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 19 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 20 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 21 include include VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 22 proteins protein NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 23 located locate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 24 inside inside IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 25 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 26 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 27 particle particle NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 28 also also RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 29 drifted drift VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 30 with with IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 31 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 32 magnitude magnitude NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 33 similar similar JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 34 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 35 that that DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 36 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 37 HA HA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 38 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 39 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 40 suggests suggest VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 41 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 42 common common JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 43 mutation mutation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 44 frequency frequency NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 46 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 47 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 48 S4C s4c NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 208 50 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 1 This this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 2 observation observation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 3 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 4 unexpected unexpected JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 5 because because IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 6 mutations mutation NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 7 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 8 lead lead VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 9 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 10 malfunction malfunction NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 11 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 12 if if IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 14 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 15 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 16 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 17 target target NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 18 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 19 immunity immunity NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 20 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 22 should should MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 23 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 24 conserved conserve VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 25 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 26 similar similar JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 27 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 28 those those DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 29 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 30 livestock livestock NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 31 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 209 32 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 1 As as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 2 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 3 segments segment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 4 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 5 displayed display VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 6 on on IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 7 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 8 surface surface NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 9 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 10 infected infected JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 11 cells cell NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 12 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 14 will will MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 15 activate activate VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 16 specific specific JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 17 immune immune JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 18 cells cell NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 19 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 20 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 21 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 22 play play VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 23 important important JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 24 roles role NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 25 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 26 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 27 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 28 immune immune NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 29 system system NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 210 30 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 2 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 3 obvious obvious JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 4 that that IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 5 any any DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 6 strain strain NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 7 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 8 has have VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 9 caused cause VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 10 an an DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 11 outbreak outbreak NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 12 will will MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 13 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 14 appear appear VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 15 again again RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 16 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 17 decades decade NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 18 among among IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 19 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 211 20 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 1 In in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 2 contrast contrast NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 3 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 4 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 5 case case NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 6 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 7 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 8 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 9 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 10 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 11 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 12 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 13 rarely rarely RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 14 occur occur VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 15 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 16 two two CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 17 consecutive consecutive JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 18 seasons season NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 20 Figs fig NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 212 21 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 213 1 2D 2D NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 213 2 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 213 3 _SP cord-315781-dejh8q22 213 4 S5 S5 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 213 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 213 6 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 1 This this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 2 shows show VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 3 that that IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 4 most most JJS cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 5 people people NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 6 exposed expose VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 7 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 9 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 10 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 11 infected infect VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 12 asymptomatically asymptomatically RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 13 during during IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 14 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 15 viral viral JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 16 outbreak outbreak NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 17 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 18 become become VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 19 immune immune JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 20 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 21 otherwise otherwise RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 22 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 23 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 24 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 25 could could MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 26 infect infect VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 27 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 28 portion portion NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 29 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 30 receptive receptive JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 31 people people NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 32 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 33 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 34 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 35 infected infect VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 36 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 37 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 38 previous previous JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 39 year year NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 214 40 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 215 1 Also also RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 215 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 215 3 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 215 4 drift drift NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 215 5 occurring occur VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 215 6 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 215 7 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 215 8 single single JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 215 9 year year NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 215 10 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 215 11 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 215 12 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 215 13 escaping escape VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 215 14 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 215 15 immune immune JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 215 16 system system NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 215 17 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 2 pdm09 pdm09 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 3 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 4 appeared appear VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 5 after after IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 6 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 7 flu flu NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 8 season season NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 9 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 10 spread spread VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 11 worldwide worldwide RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 12 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 13 April April NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 14 2009 2009 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 15 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 16 March March NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 17 2010 2010 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 19 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 20 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 21 S5 S5 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 216 23 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 217 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 217 2 extraordinary extraordinary JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 217 3 infectivity infectivity NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 217 4 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 217 5 this this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 217 6 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 217 7 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 217 8 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 217 9 been be VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 217 10 caused cause VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 217 11 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 217 12 epitopes epitope NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 217 13 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 217 14 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 217 15 new new JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 217 16 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 217 17 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 217 18 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 3 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 4 present present JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 5 system system NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 6 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 7 vaccine vaccine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 8 production production NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 9 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 10 control control VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 11 influenza influenza NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 12 infections infection NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 13 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 14 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 15 uses use VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 16 eggs egg NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 17 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 18 has have VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 19 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 20 critical critical JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 21 defect defect NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 22 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 23 i.e. i.e. FW cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 24 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 25 none none NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 26 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 27 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 28 stock stock NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 29 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 30 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 31 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 32 used use VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 33 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 34 viral viral JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 35 production production NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 36 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 37 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 38 one one NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 39 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 40 will will MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 41 cause cause VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 42 an an DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 43 outbreak outbreak NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 44 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 45 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 46 following follow VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 47 season season NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 218 48 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 2 population population NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 3 might may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 4 have have VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 5 become become VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 6 immune immune JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 7 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 9 stock stock NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 10 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 11 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 12 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 13 vaccine vaccine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 14 just just RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 15 helps help VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 16 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 17 recall recall VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 18 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 19 memory memory NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 20 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 21 these these DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 22 strains strain NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 219 23 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 220 1 Sequence sequence NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 220 2 data datum NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 220 3 analysis analysis NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 220 4 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 221 1 All all DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 221 2 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 221 3 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 221 4 sequence sequence NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 221 5 data datum NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 221 6 used use VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 221 7 here here RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 221 8 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 221 9 obtained obtain VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 221 10 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 221 11 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 221 12 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 221 13 database database NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 221 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 221 15 https:// https:// NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 221 16 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 221 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 221 18 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 1 Data datum NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 2 pertaining pertain VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 3 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 4 amino amino NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 5 acid acid NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 6 sequences sequence NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 7 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 8 used use VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 9 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 10 observe observe VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 11 multiple multiple JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 12 subtypes subtype NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 13 or or CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 14 hosts host NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 16 Figs fig NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 17 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 18 1 1 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 19 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 20 2 2 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 22 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 23 while while IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 24 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 25 sequences sequence NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 26 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 27 used use VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 28 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 29 specific specific JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 30 subtypes subtype NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 32 Figs fig NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 222 33 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 223 1 3 3 LS cord-315781-dejh8q22 223 2 - - SYM cord-315781-dejh8q22 223 3 5 5 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 223 4 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 223 5 S5 S5 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 223 6 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 223 7 S6 S6 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 223 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 223 9 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 224 1 Data data NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 224 2 alignment alignment NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 224 3 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 224 4 performed perform VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 224 5 using use VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 224 6 MUSCLE MUSCLE NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 224 7 20 20 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 224 8 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 225 1 All all PDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 225 2 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 225 3 aligned aligned JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 225 4 sequences sequence NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 225 5 are be VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 225 6 presented present VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 225 7 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 225 8 Figs Figs NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 225 9 S1 S1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 225 10 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 225 11 S2 S2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 225 12 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 225 13 S4 S4 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 225 14 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 2 sequence sequence NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 3 matrix matrix NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 4 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 5 casted cast VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 6 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 7 direct direct JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 8 Principal Principal NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 9 Component Component NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 10 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 12 PCA PCA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 14 6 6 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 15 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 16 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 17 analyses analyse VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 18 sequence sequence NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 19 matrix matrix NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 20 without without IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 21 losing lose VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 22 any any DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 23 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 24 original original JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 25 information information NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 26 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 27 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 28 matrix matrix NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 29 6 6 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 30 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 31 using use VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 32 R R NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 33 21 21 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 226 34 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 2 direct direct JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 3 PCA PCA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 4 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 5 resistant resistant JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 6 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 7 differences difference NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 8 caused cause VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 9 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 10 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 11 alignment alignment NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 12 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 13 differences difference NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 14 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 15 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 16 conditions condition NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 17 or or CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 18 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 19 alignment alignment NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 20 methods method NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 21 may may MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 22 not not RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 23 alter alter VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 24 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 25 results result NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 26 practically practically RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 27 6 6 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 227 28 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 2 sequence sequence NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 3 matrix matrix NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 4 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 5 translated translate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 6 into into IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 7 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 8 Boolean boolean JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 9 vector vector NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 10 X x NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 11 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 12 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 13 n n CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 14 samples sample NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 15 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 16 l l NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 17 bases basis NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 18 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 19 X X NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 20 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 21 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 22 matrix matrix NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 23 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 24 n n NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 25 × × NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 26 5 5 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 27 l l NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 28 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 29 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 30 correspond correspond VBP cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 31 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 32 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 33 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 34 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 35 inserted insert VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 36 space space NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 37 " " '' cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 38 - - : cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 39 " " '' cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 40 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 41 alignment alignment NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 228 42 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 1 A a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 2 mean mean JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 3 vector vector NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 4 → → IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 5 m m NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 6 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 7 estimated estimate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 8 as as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 9 → → NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 10 = = SYM cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 11 ∑ ∑ NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 12 = = SYM cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 13 n n NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 14 X X NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 15 m m NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 16 / / SYM cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 17 i i NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 18 n n NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 19 i i NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 20 j j NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 21 1 1 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 22 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 23 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 24 where where WRB cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 25 j j NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 26 = = SYM cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 27 1 1 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 28 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 29 2 2 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 30 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 31 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 32 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 229 33 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 230 1 5 5 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 230 2 l. l. NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 2 boolean boolean JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 3 vector vector NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 4 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 5 then then RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 6 catered cater VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 7 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 8 estimate estimate VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 9 differences difference NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 10 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 11 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 12 mean mean JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 13 vector vector NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 14 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 15 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 16 where where WRB cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 17 k k NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 18 = = SYM cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 19 1 1 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 20 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 21 2 2 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 22 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 23 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 24 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 25 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 26 n. n. NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 27 Then then RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 28 D D NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 29 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 30 subjected subject VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 31 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 32 singular singular JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 33 value value NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 34 decomposition decomposition NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 35 as as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 36 Σ Σ NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 37 = = SYM cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 38 ⁎ ⁎ NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 39 D D NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 40 L l NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 41 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 231 42 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 1 Scaled scale VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 2 values value NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 4 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 5 Principal Principal NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 6 Components Components NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 8 sPC spc ADD cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 10 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 11 found find VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 12 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 13 placing place VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 14 back back RP cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 15 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 16 singular singular JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 17 values value NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 18 Σ Σ NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 19 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 20 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 21 unitary unitary JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 22 matrixes matrix NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 23 L l NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 24 or or CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 25 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 26 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 27 those those DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 28 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 29 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 30 samples sample NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 31 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 32 estimated estimate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 33 as as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 34 Σ Σ NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 35 = = SYM cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 36 l l NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 37 L L NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 38 sPC sPC NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 39 / / SYM cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 40 s s NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 41 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 42 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 43 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 44 bases basis NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 45 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 46 estimated estimate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 47 as as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 48 Σ Σ NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 49 = = SYM cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 50 n n NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 51 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 52 sPC spc NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 53 / / SYM cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 54 n n NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 232 55 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 2 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 3 scaled scale VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 4 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 5 comparisons comparison NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 6 that that WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 7 enables enable VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 8 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 9 identify identify VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 10 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 11 base base NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 12 contributed contribute VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 13 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 14 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 15 differences difference NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 16 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 17 samples sample NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 18 22 22 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 233 19 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 2 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 3 each each DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 4 sPC spc XX cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 5 presents present VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 6 directions direction NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 7 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 8 distances distance NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 9 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 10 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 11 differences difference NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 12 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 13 which which WDT cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 14 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 15 recorded record VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 16 by by IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 17 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 18 unitary unitary JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 19 matrix matrix NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 20 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 21 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 22 singular singular JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 23 value value NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 24 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 25 respectively respectively RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 26 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 27 as as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 28 sets set NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 29 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 30 orthogonal orthogonal JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 31 vectors vector NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 32 executed execute VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 33 as as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 34 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 35 columns column NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 36 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 37 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 38 sPC spc NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 39 matrixes matrix NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 234 40 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 235 1 Scripts script NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 235 2 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 235 3 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 235 4 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 235 5 used use VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 235 6 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 235 7 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 235 8 calculation calculation NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 235 9 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 235 10 presented present VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 235 11 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 235 12 Fig Fig NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 235 13 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 236 1 S2 S2 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 236 2 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 1 PC pc NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 2 signs sign NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 3 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 4 derived derive VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 5 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 6 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 7 random random JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 8 manner manner NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 9 ; ; : cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 10 thus thus RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 11 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 12 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 13 results result NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 14 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 15 adjusted adjust VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 16 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 17 align align VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 18 different different JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 19 presentations presentation NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 20 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 21 comparison comparison NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 237 22 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 238 1 A a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 238 2 starter starter NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 238 3 kit kit NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 238 4 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 238 5 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 238 6 direct direct JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 238 7 PCA PCA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 238 8 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 238 9 available available JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 238 10 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 238 11 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 238 12 accompanying accompanying JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 238 13 article article NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 238 14 6 6 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 238 15 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 239 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 239 2 3D 3d JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 239 3 structures structure NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 239 4 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 240 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 240 2 PDB PDB NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 240 3 files file NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 240 4 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 240 5 obtained obtain VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 240 6 from from IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 240 7 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 240 8 RCSB RCSB NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 240 9 Protein Protein NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 240 10 Data Data NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 240 11 Bank Bank NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 240 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 240 13 https://www.rcsb.org/ https://www.rcsb.org/ ADD cord-315781-dejh8q22 240 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 240 15 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 1 Position position NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 2 data datum NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 3 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 4 found find VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 5 using use VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 6 ATOM atom NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 7 header header NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 8 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 9 i.e. i.e. FW cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 10 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 11 positions position NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 12 at at IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 13 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 14 alpha alpha NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 15 carbon carbon NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 16 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 17 amino amino NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 18 acids acid NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 19 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 20 connected connect VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 21 to to TO cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 22 draw draw VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 23 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 24 structure structure NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 25 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 26 were be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 27 then then RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 28 aligned align VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 29 using use VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 30 PCA PCA NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 241 31 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 2 HTML5 HTML5 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 3 output output NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 4 was be VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 5 generated generate VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 6 using use VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 7 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 8 writeWebGL writeWebGL NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 9 function function NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 10 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 11 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 12 rgl rgl NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 13 package package NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 14 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 15 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 17 https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rgl/vignettes/rgl.html https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rgl/vignettes/rgl.html '' cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 242 19 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 2 evolution evolution NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 3 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 4 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 5 influenza influenza NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 6 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 7 Avian avian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 8 influenza influenza NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 9 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 10 assessing assess VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 11 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 12 pandemic pandemic NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 13 threat threat NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 14 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 15 Virus Virus NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 16 Evolution Evolution NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 17 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 18 Host Host NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 19 Adaptation Adaptation NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 20 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 21 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 22 Pandemic Pandemic NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 23 Formation Formation NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 24 Historical historical JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 25 perspective perspective NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 26 - - : cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 27 Emergence emergence NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 28 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 29 influenza influenza NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 30 A a NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 32 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 243 34 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 2 pig pig NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 3 as as IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 4 a a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 5 mixing mix VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 6 vessel vessel NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 7 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 8 influenza influenza NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 9 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 10 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 11 Human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 12 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 13 veterinary veterinary JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 14 implications implication NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 15 Principal Principal NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 16 Component Component NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 17 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 18 applied apply VBD cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 19 directly directly RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 20 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 21 Sequence Sequence NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 22 Matrix Matrix NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 23 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 24 phylogenetics phylogenetic NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 25 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 26 principles principle NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 27 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 28 practice practice VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 29 Origins origin NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 30 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 31 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 32 genomics genomic NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 33 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 34 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 35 2009 2009 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 36 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 37 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 38 origin origin NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 39 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 40 influenza influenza NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 41 A a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 42 epidemic epidemic NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 43 Antigenic antigenic JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 44 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 45 genetic genetic JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 46 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 47 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 48 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 49 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 50 origin origin NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 51 2009 2009 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 52 A(H1N1 a(h1n1 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 244 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 245 1 influenza influenza NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 245 2 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 245 3 circulating circulate VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 245 4 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 245 5 humans human NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 245 6 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 245 7 A A NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 245 8 Viruses Viruses NNPS cord-315781-dejh8q22 245 9 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 245 10 Human Human NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 245 11 Origin Origin NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 245 12 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 245 13 Swine Swine NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 245 14 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 245 15 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 245 16 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 1 Emerging emerge VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 2 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 3 Disease Disease NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 4 journal journal NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 5 21 21 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 6 Origins Origins NNPS cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 7 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 8 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 9 2009 2009 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 10 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 11 influenza influenza NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 12 pandemic pandemic NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 13 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 14 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 15 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 16 Mexico Mexico NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 17 Global Global NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 18 migration migration NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 19 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 20 influenza influenza NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 21 A a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 22 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 23 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 246 24 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 2 persistent persistent JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 3 legacy legacy NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 4 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 5 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 6 1918 1918 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 7 influenza influenza NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 8 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 9 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 10 Stanford Stanford NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 11 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 12 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 13 Philosophy Philosophy NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 14 Concerns concern NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 15 regarding regard VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 16 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 17 deterioration deterioration NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 18 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 19 objectivity objectivity NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 20 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 21 molecular molecular JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 22 biology biology NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 23 Characterization characterization NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 24 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 25 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 26 1918 1918 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 27 influenza influenza NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 28 virus virus NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 29 polymerase polymerase NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 30 genes gene NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 31 Genetic genetic JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 32 reassortment reassortment NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 33 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 34 avian avian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 35 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 36 swine swine NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 37 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 38 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 39 human human JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 40 influenza influenza NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 41 A a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 42 viruses virus NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 43 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 44 American american JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 247 45 pigs pig NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 248 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 248 2 Re re NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 248 3 - - HYPH cord-315781-dejh8q22 248 4 Emergence emergence NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 248 5 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 248 6 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 248 7 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 248 8 Virus Virus NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 248 9 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 248 10 1977 1977 CD cord-315781-dejh8q22 248 11 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 1 A a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 2 Cautionary cautionary JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 3 Tale tale NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 4 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 5 Estimating Estimating NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 6 Divergence Divergence NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 7 Times Times NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 8 Using use VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 9 Biologically biologically RB cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 10 Unrealistic unrealistic JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 11 Sampling Sampling NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 12 Dates Dates NNPS cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 13 & & CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 14 Related Related NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 15 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 16 , , , cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 17 V. V. NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 18 Role Role NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 19 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 20 migratory migratory JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 21 wild wild JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 22 birds bird NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 23 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 24 the the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 25 global global JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 26 spread spread NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 27 of of IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 28 avian avian JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 29 influenza influenza NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 30 H5N8 H5N8 NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 31 MUSCLE muscle NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 32 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 33 multiple multiple JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 34 sequence sequence NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 35 alignment alignment NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 36 with with IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 37 high high JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 38 accuracy accuracy NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 39 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 40 high high JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 41 throughput throughput NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 42 R_Core_Team r_core_team NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 249 43 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 250 1 R r NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 250 2 : : : cord-315781-dejh8q22 251 1 A a DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 251 2 language language NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 251 3 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 251 4 environment environment NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 251 5 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 251 6 statistical statistical JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 251 7 computing computing NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 251 8 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 252 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-315781-dejh8q22 252 2 R R NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 252 3 Foundation Foundation NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 252 4 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 252 5 Statistical Statistical NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 252 6 Computing Computing NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 252 7 Principal Principal NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 252 8 component component NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 252 9 analysis analysis NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 252 10 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 252 11 designed design VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 252 12 experiments experiment NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 253 1 The the DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 253 2 author author NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 253 3 declares declare VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 253 4 no no DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 253 5 competing compete VBG cord-315781-dejh8q22 253 6 interests interest NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 253 7 . . . cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 1 Supplementary supplementary JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 2 information information NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 3 is be VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 4 available available JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 5 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 6 this this DT cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 7 paper paper NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 8 at at IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55254-z.Correspondence https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55254-z.Correspondence NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 10 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 11 requests request NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 12 for for IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 13 materials material NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 14 should should MD cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 15 be be VB cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 16 addressed address VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 17 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 18 T.K. T.K. NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 19 Publisher Publisher NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 20 's 's POS cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 21 note note NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 22 Springer Springer NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 23 Nature Nature NNP cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 24 remains remain VBZ cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 25 neutral neutral JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 26 with with IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 27 regard regard NN cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 28 to to IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 29 jurisdictional jurisdictional JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 30 claims claim NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 31 in in IN cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 32 published publish VBN cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 33 maps map NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 34 and and CC cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 35 institutional institutional JJ cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 36 affiliations affiliation NNS cord-315781-dejh8q22 254 37 . . .