id sid tid token lemma pos cord-002369-shk4n8f6 1 1 key key JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 1 2 : : : cord-002369-shk4n8f6 1 3 cord-002369-shk4n8f6 cord-002369-shk4n8f6 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 1 4 authors author NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 1 5 : : : cord-002369-shk4n8f6 1 6 Fahmy Fahmy NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 1 7 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 1 8 Ahmed Ahmed NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 1 9 M. M. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 1 10 ; ; : cord-002369-shk4n8f6 1 11 Labonté Labonté NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 1 12 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 1 13 Patrick Patrick NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 2 1 title title NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 2 2 : : : cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 3 elongation elongation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 4 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 6 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 7 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 8 12/16L1 12/16l1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 10 positively positively RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 11 regulates regulate VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 12 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 13 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 14 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 15 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 16 required require VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 17 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 18 wild wild JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 19 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 20 type type NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 21 membranous membranous JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 22 web web NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 23 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 24 date date NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 25 : : : cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 26 2017 2017 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 27 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 28 01 01 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 29 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 30 09 09 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 31 journal journal NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 3 32 : : : cord-002369-shk4n8f6 4 1 Sci Sci NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 4 2 Rep Rep NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 4 3 DOI DOI NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 4 4 : : : cord-002369-shk4n8f6 5 1 10.1038 10.1038 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 5 2 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 5 3 srep40351 srep40351 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 5 4 sha sha NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 5 5 : : : cord-002369-shk4n8f6 5 6 f7f482ba4aaa3ef0d620d9aad8c9635f88806d8e f7f482ba4aaa3ef0d620d9aad8c9635f88806d8e NNPS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 5 7 doc_id doc_id CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 5 8 : : : cord-002369-shk4n8f6 5 9 2369 2369 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 5 10 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 5 11 : : : cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 1 shk4n8f6 shk4n8f6 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 2 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 3 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 4 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 6 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 8 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 9 induces induce VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 10 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 11 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 12 rearrangements rearrangement NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 13 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 14 thus thus RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 15 forming form VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 16 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 17 membranous membranous JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 18 web web NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 20 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 22 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 23 which which WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 24 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 25 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 26 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 27 assembly assembly NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 28 occur occur VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 6 29 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 2 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 3 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 4 induced induce VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 5 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 6 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 7 primarily primarily RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 8 composed compose VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 9 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 10 double double JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 11 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 12 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 14 DMVs dmv NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 16 transfused transfuse VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 17 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 18 multi multi JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 19 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 20 membrane membrane JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 21 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 7 22 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 8 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 8 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 8 3 machinery machinery NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 8 4 has have VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 8 5 been be VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 8 6 proposed propose VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 8 7 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 8 8 participate participate VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 8 9 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 8 10 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 8 11 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 8 12 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 8 13 such such JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 8 14 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 8 15 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 9 1 However however RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 9 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 9 3 no no DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 9 4 clear clear JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 9 5 evidence evidence NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 9 6 has have VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 9 7 been be VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 9 8 found find VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 9 9 linking link VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 9 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 9 11 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 9 12 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 9 13 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 9 14 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 9 15 these these DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 9 16 DMVs dmv NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 9 17 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 1 In in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 2 this this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 3 study study NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 6 evaluated evaluate VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 7 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 8 role role NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 9 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 10 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 12 elongation elongation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 13 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 15 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 16 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 17 12/16L1 12/16l1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 19 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 20 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 21 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 22 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 23 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 24 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 10 25 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 1 Using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 2 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 3 dominant dominant JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 4 negative negative JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 5 form form NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 6 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 7 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 8 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 9 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 10 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 11 approach approach NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 12 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 14 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 15 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 16 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 17 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 18 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 19 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 20 conjugate conjugate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 21 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 22 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 23 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 24 LC3-II lc3-ii NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 25 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 26 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 27 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 28 crucial crucial JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 29 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 30 efficient efficient JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 31 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 32 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 11 33 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 3 purification purification NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 4 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 5 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 6 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 7 revealed reveal VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 8 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 9 presence presence NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 10 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 11 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 12 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 13 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 14 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 15 ATG16L1 ATG16L1 NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 16 along along IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 17 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 18 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 19 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 20 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 12 21 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 13 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 13 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 13 3 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 13 4 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 13 5 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 13 6 recruited recruit VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 13 7 along along IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 13 8 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 13 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 13 10 elongation elongation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 13 11 complex complex JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 13 12 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 13 13 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 13 14 site site NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 13 15 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 13 16 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 13 17 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 13 18 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 1 Finally finally RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 3 inhibition inhibition NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 4 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 6 elongation elongation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 7 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 8 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 9 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 10 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 11 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 12 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 13 greatly greatly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 14 impaired impair VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 15 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 16 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 17 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 18 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 19 wild wild JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 20 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 21 type type NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 22 MW mw NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 23 phenotype phenotype NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 14 24 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 1 To to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 3 knowledge knowledge NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 5 this this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 6 study study NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 7 provides provide VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 8 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 9 first first JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 10 evidence evidence NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 11 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 12 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 13 involvement involvement NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 14 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 15 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 16 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 17 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 18 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 19 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 20 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 21 wild wild JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 22 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 23 type type NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 24 MWs mw NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 15 25 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 1 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 2 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 3 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 5 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 7 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 8 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 9 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 10 leading leading JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 11 cause cause NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 12 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 13 liver liver NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 14 diseases disease NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 15 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 16 including include VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 17 cirrhosis cirrhosis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 18 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 19 hepatocellular hepatocellular JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 20 carcinoma carcinoma NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 16 21 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 1 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 3 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 4 member member NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 5 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 6 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 7 Flaviviridae Flaviviridae NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 8 family family NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 9 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 10 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 11 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 12 Hepacivirus Hepacivirus NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 13 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 14 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 15 positive positive JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 16 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 17 strand strand NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 19 genome genome NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 20 1 1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 17 21 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 18 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 18 2 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 18 3 replicates replicate VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 18 4 exclusively exclusively RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 18 5 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 18 6 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 18 7 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 18 8 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 18 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 18 10 host host NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 18 11 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 18 12 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 1 After after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 2 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 3 entry entry NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 6 9.6 9.6 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 7 kb kb NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 8 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 9 genome genome NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 10 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 11 released release VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 12 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 13 translated translate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 14 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 15 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 16 rough rough JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 17 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 18 reticulum reticulum NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 20 rER rER NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 22 into into IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 23 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 24 single single JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 25 polyprotein polyprotein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 19 26 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 1 This this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 2 translated translate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 3 polyprotein polyprotein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 4 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 5 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 6 proteolytically proteolytically RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 7 processed process VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 8 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 9 cellular cellular JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 10 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 11 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 12 proteases protease NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 13 into into IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 14 10 10 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 15 distinct distinct JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 16 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 17 consisting consist VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 18 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 19 structural structural JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 21 core core NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 22 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 23 E1 E1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 24 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 25 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 26 E2 E2 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 28 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 29 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 31 p7 p7 RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 32 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 33 NS2 NS2 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 34 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 35 NS3 ns3 RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 36 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 37 NS4A NS4A NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 38 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 39 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 40 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 41 NS5A NS5A NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 42 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 43 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 44 NS5B NS5B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 46 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 47 2 2 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 20 48 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 2 expression expression NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 3 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 4 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 5 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 6 results result NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 7 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 8 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 9 induction induction NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 10 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 11 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 12 major major JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 13 rearrangement rearrangement NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 14 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 15 host host NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 16 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 17 membranes membrane NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 18 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 19 thus thus RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 20 leading lead VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 21 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 22 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 23 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 24 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 25 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 26 complex complex JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 27 membranous membranous JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 28 compartment compartment NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 29 termed term VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 30 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 31 membranous membranous JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 32 web web NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 34 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 36 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 37 which which WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 38 favors favor VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 39 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 40 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 41 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 42 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 43 assembly assembly NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 44 3 3 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 45 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 46 4 4 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 21 47 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 1 This this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 2 massive massive JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 3 remodeling remodeling NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 4 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 6 host host NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 7 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 8 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 9 network network NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 10 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 11 associated associate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 12 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 13 all all DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 14 positive positive JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 15 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 16 strand strand NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 18 viruses virus NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 19 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 20 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 21 typically typically RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 22 characterized characterize VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 23 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 24 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 25 generation generation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 26 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 27 either either CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 28 convoluted convoluted JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 29 membranes membrane NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 30 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 31 double double JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 32 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 33 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 35 DMVs dmv NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 38 5 5 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 41 6 6 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 44 7 7 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 47 8 8 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 22 49 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 3 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 4 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 5 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 6 induced induce VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 7 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 8 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 9 primarily primarily RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 10 composed compose VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 11 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 12 DMVs dmv NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 13 thus thus RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 14 suggesting suggest VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 15 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 16 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 17 plays play VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 18 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 19 role role NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 20 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 21 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 22 construction construction NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 23 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 24 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 25 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 26 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 27 scaffold scaffold NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 28 7,9 7,9 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 23 29 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 1 Macroautophagy Macroautophagy NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 3 referred refer VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 4 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 5 hereafter hereafter VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 6 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 8 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 9 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 10 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 11 catabolic catabolic JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 12 pathway pathway NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 13 that that WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 14 degrades degrade VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 15 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 16 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 17 organelles organelle NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 18 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 19 thereby thereby RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 20 maintaining maintain VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 21 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 22 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 23 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 24 directing direct VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 25 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 26 fate fate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 24 27 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 1 During during IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 2 cellular cellular JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 3 stress stress NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 4 such such JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 5 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 6 amino amino NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 7 acid acid NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 8 starvation starvation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 9 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 11 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 12 triggered trigger VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 13 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 14 thereby thereby RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 15 forming form VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 16 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 17 organelle organelle NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 18 called call VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 19 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 20 autophagosome autophagosome NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 25 21 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 2 de de FW cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 3 novo novo NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 4 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 5 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 6 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 7 autophagosome autophagosome NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 8 begins begin VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 9 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 10 initiation initiation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 11 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 12 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 13 growth growth NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 14 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 15 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 16 double double JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 17 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 18 membraned membraned JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 19 phagophore phagophore NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 20 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 21 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 22 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 23 closing close VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 24 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 25 sequesters sequester VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 26 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 27 contents content NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 26 28 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 2 autophagosome autophagosome NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 3 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 4 fuses fuse VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 5 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 6 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 7 lysosome lysosome NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 8 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 9 thus thus RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 10 allowing allow VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 11 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 12 degradation degradation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 13 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 14 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 15 intra intra JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 16 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 17 autophagosomal autophagosomal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 18 cargo cargo NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 19 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 20 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 21 action action NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 22 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 23 lysosomal lysosomal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 24 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 25 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 26 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 27 release release NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 28 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 29 free free JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 30 amino amino NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 31 acids acid NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 32 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 33 other other JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 34 products product NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 27 35 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 1 This this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 2 process process NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 3 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 4 orchestrated orchestrate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 5 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 6 more more JJR cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 7 than than IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 8 30 30 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 9 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 10 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 11 related relate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 12 gene gene NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 14 ATG ATG NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 16 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 17 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 18 other other JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 19 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 20 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 21 linked link VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 22 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 23 10 10 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 28 24 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 29 1 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 29 2 does do VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 29 3 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 29 4 perturb perturb VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 29 5 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 29 6 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 29 7 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 29 8 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 29 9 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 29 10 12/16L1 12/16l1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 29 11 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 29 12 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 1 ATG5 atg5 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 2 forms form VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 3 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 4 conjugate conjugate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 5 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 6 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 7 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 8 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 10 monomeric monomeric JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 11 forms form NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 12 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 13 these these DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 14 two two CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 15 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 16 have have VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 17 been be VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 18 shown show VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 19 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 20 be be VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 21 nearly nearly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 22 undetectable undetectable JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 23 under under IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 24 normal normal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 25 conditions condition NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 26 35 35 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 30 27 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 31 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 31 2 first first RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 31 3 tested test VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 31 4 whether whether IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 31 5 this this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 31 6 conjugation conjugation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 31 7 occurs occur VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 31 8 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 31 9 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 31 10 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 31 11 infected infect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 31 12 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 31 13 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 2 assessment assessment NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 3 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 4 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 5 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 6 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 7 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 8 western western JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 9 blotting blotting NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 10 showed show VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 11 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 12 monomeric monomeric JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 13 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 15 32 32 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 16 kDa kDa NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 18 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 19 undetectable undetectable JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 20 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 21 both both CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 22 infected infected JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 23 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 24 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 25 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 32 26 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 33 1 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 33 2 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 33 3 detected detect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 33 4 only only RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 33 5 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 33 6 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 33 7 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 33 8 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 33 9 12-conjugated 12-conjugated CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 33 10 form form NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 33 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 33 12 55 55 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 33 13 kDa kDa NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 33 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 34 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 34 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 34 3 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 34 4 1A 1a NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 34 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 34 6 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 1 Infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 2 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 3 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 4 JFH1 JFH1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 5 strain strain NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 6 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 7 confirmed confirm VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 8 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 9 detecting detect VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 10 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 11 NS3 NS3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 12 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 13 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 14 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 15 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 16 NS3 ns3 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 17 antibody antibody NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 19 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 20 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 21 1A 1a NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 35 23 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 2 difficulty difficulty NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 3 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 4 detecting detect VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 5 unconjugated unconjugated JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 6 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 7 suggested suggest VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 8 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 10 majority majority NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 11 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 12 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 13 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 14 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 15 readily readily RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 16 conjugated conjugate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 17 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 18 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 19 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 20 Huh7 Huh7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 21 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 22 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 23 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 24 has have VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 25 previously previously RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 26 been be VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 27 reported report VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 28 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 29 other other JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 30 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 31 types type NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 32 36 36 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 36 33 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 37 1 In in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 37 2 addition addition NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 37 3 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 37 4 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 37 5 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 37 6 did do VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 37 7 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 37 8 inhibit inhibit VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 37 9 this this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 37 10 conjugation conjugation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 37 11 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 38 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 38 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 38 3 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 38 4 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 38 5 induced induce VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 38 6 LC3-II LC3-II NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 38 7 accumulation accumulation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 38 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 38 9 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 38 10 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 38 11 1A 1a NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 38 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 38 13 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 1 This this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 2 result result NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 3 confirms confirm VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 4 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 5 capability capability NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 6 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 7 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 8 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 9 modulate modulate VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 11 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 12 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 13 has have VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 14 previously previously RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 15 been be VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 16 reported report VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 17 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 18 several several JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 19 groups group NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 20 9 9 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 21 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 22 18 18 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 23 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 24 19 19 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 39 25 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 40 1 After after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 40 2 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 40 3 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 40 4 conjugated conjugate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 40 5 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 40 6 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 40 7 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 40 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 40 9 forms form VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 40 10 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 40 11 multimeric multimeric JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 40 12 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 40 13 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 40 14 associating associate VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 40 15 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 40 16 ATG16L1 ATG16L1 NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 40 17 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 1 To to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 2 test test VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 3 whether whether IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 4 this this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 5 complex complex JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 6 forms form NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 7 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 8 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 9 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 10 infected infect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 11 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 12 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 14 overexpressed overexpresse VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 15 ATG12-Flag ATG12-Flag NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 16 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 17 infected infected JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 18 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 19 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 20 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 41 21 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 1 Using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 2 co co NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 3 - - NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 4 immunoprecipitation immunoprecipitation JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 5 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 6 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 7 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 8 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 9 flag flag JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 10 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 11 antibody antibody NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 12 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 14 detected detect VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 15 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 16 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 17 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 18 12/16L1 12/16l1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 19 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 20 under under IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 21 both both DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 22 conditions condition NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 24 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 25 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 26 1B 1b CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 42 28 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 1 Whereas whereas IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 2 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 3 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 4 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 5 associates associate NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 6 spontaneously spontaneously RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 7 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 8 ATG16L1 ATG16L1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 9 37,38 37,38 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 10 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 11 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 12 results result NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 13 indicated indicate VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 14 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 15 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 16 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 17 did do VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 18 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 19 disturb disturb VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 20 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 21 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 22 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 23 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 24 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 25 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 26 12/16L1 12/16l1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 27 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 43 28 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 1 To to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 2 test test VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 3 whether whether IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 4 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 5 decoupling decoupling NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 6 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 7 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 8 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 9 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 10 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 11 conjugate conjugate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 12 influences influence NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 13 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 14 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 15 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 16 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 17 overexpressed overexpresse VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 18 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 19 dominant dominant JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 20 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 21 negative negative JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 22 form form NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 23 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 24 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 26 ATG12DN ATG12DN NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 28 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 29 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 30 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 31 infected infect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 32 Huh7 Huh7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 33 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 44 34 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 1 This this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 2 mutated mutate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 3 form form NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 4 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 6 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 7 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 8 lacks lack VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 10 C c NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 11 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 12 terminal terminal NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 13 glycine glycine NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 14 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 15 which which WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 16 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 17 crucial crucial JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 18 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 19 conjugation conjugation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 20 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 21 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 22 39 39 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 45 23 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 3 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 4 overexpression overexpression NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 5 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 6 this this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 7 conjugation conjugation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 8 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 9 defective defective JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 10 mutant mutant NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 11 had have VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 12 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 13 adverse adverse JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 14 effect effect NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 15 on on IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 16 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 17 lifecycle lifecycle NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 18 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 19 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 20 indicated indicate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 21 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 22 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 23 decrease decrease NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 24 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 25 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 26 NS3 ns3 RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 27 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 29 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 30 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 31 1C 1C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 33 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 34 as as RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 35 well well RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 36 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 37 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 38 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 39 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 40 level level NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 42 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 43 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 44 1D 1D NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 46 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 47 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 48 compared compare VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 49 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 50 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 51 levels level NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 52 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 53 mock mock NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 54 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 55 treated treat VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 56 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 46 57 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 2 specificity specificity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 3 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 4 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 5 effect effect NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 6 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 7 ATG12DN atg12dn JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 8 overexpression overexpression NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 9 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 10 assessed assess VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 11 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 12 trans trans NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 13 - - NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 14 complementation complementation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 15 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 16 wild wild JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 17 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 18 type type NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 19 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 47 20 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 1 As as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 2 expected expect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 3 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 4 trans trans NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 5 - - NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 6 complementation complementation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 7 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 8 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 9 restored restore VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 10 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 11 normal normal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 12 level level NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 13 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 14 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 16 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 17 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 18 1C 1C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 19 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 20 D D NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 48 22 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 1 Altogether altogether RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 3 these these DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 4 results result NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 5 suggest suggest VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 6 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 7 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 8 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 9 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 10 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 11 conjugate conjugate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 12 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 13 rather rather RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 14 than than IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 15 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 16 monomeric monomeric JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 17 form form NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 18 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 19 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 20 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 21 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 22 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 23 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 24 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 25 acts act VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 26 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 27 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 28 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 29 proviral proviral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 30 factor factor NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 49 31 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 50 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 50 2 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 50 3 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 50 4 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 50 5 conjugate conjugate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 50 6 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 50 7 involved involve VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 50 8 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 50 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 50 10 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 50 11 lifecycle lifecycle NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 50 12 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 50 13 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 50 14 post post JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 50 15 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 50 16 translational translational JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 50 17 step step NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 50 18 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 2 conjugation conjugation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 3 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 4 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 5 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 6 lysine lysine NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 7 130 130 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 8 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 9 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 10 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 11 mediated mediate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 12 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 13 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 14 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 15 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 16 E1-like E1-like NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 17 enzyme enzyme NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 18 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 19 thus thus RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 20 allowing allow VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 21 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 22 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 23 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 24 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 25 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 26 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 27 12/16L1 12/16l1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 28 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 51 29 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 1 A a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 2 fraction fraction NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 3 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 4 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 5 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 6 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 7 12/16L1 12/16l1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 8 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 9 localizes localize VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 10 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 11 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 12 isolation isolation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 13 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 14 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 15 where where WRB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 17 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 18 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 19 lipidation lipidation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 52 20 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 1 Another another DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 2 role role NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 3 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 4 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 5 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 6 along along IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 7 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 8 ATG3 ATG3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 9 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 10 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 11 E2-like e2-like IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 12 enzyme enzyme NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 13 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 14 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 15 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 16 activate activate VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 17 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 18 after after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 20 processing processing NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 21 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 22 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 23 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 24 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 25 terminus terminus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 26 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 27 ATG4B atg4b CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 28 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 29 thus thus RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 30 allowing allow VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 31 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 32 conjugation conjugation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 33 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 34 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 35 amino amino NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 36 group group NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 37 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 38 phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidylethanolamine NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 40 PE PE NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 42 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 43 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 44 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 45 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 46 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 47 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 48 associated associate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 49 LC3-II lc3-ii NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 50 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 51 which which WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 52 assists assist VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 53 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 54 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 55 expansion expansion NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 56 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 57 closure closure NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 58 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 59 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 60 autophagosome autophagosome JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 61 40 40 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 62 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 63 41 41 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 53 64 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 3 silencing silence VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 4 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 5 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 6 allows allow VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 7 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 8 inhibition inhibition NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 9 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 10 LC3-II lc3-ii NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 11 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 12 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 13 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 14 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 15 conjugation conjugation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 17 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 18 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 19 2B 2b CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 54 21 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 1 Thus thus RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 3 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 4 silencing silence VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 5 LC3 lc3 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 6 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 7 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 8 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 9 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 10 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 12 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 13 able able JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 14 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 15 analyze analyze VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 16 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 17 independent independent JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 18 contributions contribution NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 19 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 20 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 21 two two CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 22 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 23 conjugation conjugation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 24 systems system NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 25 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 26 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 27 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 28 lifecycle lifecycle NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 55 29 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 1 For for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 2 this this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 3 purpose purpose NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 6 first first RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 7 determined determine VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 8 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 9 efficiency efficiency NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 10 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 11 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 12 selected select VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 13 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 14 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 15 knock knock VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 16 down down RP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 18 respective respective JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 19 targets target NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 21 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 22 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 23 2A 2a CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 24 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 25 B B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 26 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 27 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 56 29 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 2 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 3 analyzed analyze VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 4 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 5 effects effect NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 6 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 7 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 8 silencing silencing NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 9 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 10 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 11 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 12 LC3 lc3 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 13 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 14 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 15 on on IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 16 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 17 entry entry NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 18 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 19 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 21 translation translation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 22 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 23 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 24 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 25 virion virion NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 26 maturation maturation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 27 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 28 secretion secretion NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 57 29 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 58 1 As as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 58 2 shown show VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 58 3 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 58 4 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 58 5 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 1 2D 2D NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 3 Huh7 Huh7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 4 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 5 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 6 HCVpp HCVpp NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 7 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 8 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 9 altered alter VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 10 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 11 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 12 treated treat VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 13 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 14 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 15 against against IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 16 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 17 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 18 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 19 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 20 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 21 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 22 thus thus RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 23 suggesting suggest VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 24 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 25 neither neither CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 26 LC3 lc3 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 27 nor nor CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 28 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 29 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 30 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 31 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 32 conjugate conjugate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 33 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 34 involved involve VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 35 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 36 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 37 entry entry NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 59 38 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 1 Previously previously RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 3 Dreux Dreux NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 4 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 5 colleagues colleague NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 6 have have VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 7 reported report VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 8 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 9 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 11 translation translation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 12 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 13 affected affect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 14 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 15 inhibition inhibition NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 16 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 17 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 18 conjugation conjugation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 19 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 20 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 21 against against IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 60 22 ATG4B. ATG4B. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 1 In in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 2 that that DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 3 report report NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 6 authors author NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 7 followed follow VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 8 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 9 luciferase luciferase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 10 activity activity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 11 expressed express VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 12 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 13 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 14 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 15 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 16 defective defective JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 17 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 18 replicon replicon NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 19 RLuc RLuc NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 20 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 21 SGR SGR NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 22 harboring harbor VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 23 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 24 inactivation inactivation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 25 mutation mutation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 27 GDD GDD NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 28 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 29 GND GND NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 31 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 32 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 33 active active JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 34 site site NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 35 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 36 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 37 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 61 38 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 62 1 NS5B NS5B NNPS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 63 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 63 2 RLuc RLuc NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 63 3 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 63 4 SGR SGR NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 63 5 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 63 6 GND GND NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 63 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 63 8 31 31 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 63 9 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 1 Using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 2 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 3 similar similar JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 4 approach approach NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 5 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 7 evaluated evaluate VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 8 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 9 effects effect NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 10 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 11 LC3 lc3 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 12 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 13 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 14 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 15 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 16 silencing silence VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 17 on on IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 18 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 20 translation translation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 21 and/or and/or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 22 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 64 23 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 2 used use VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 3 full full JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 4 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 5 length length NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 6 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 7 JFH1 JFH1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 9 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 10 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 11 firefly firefly NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 12 luciferase luciferase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 13 reporter reporter NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 14 containing contain VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 15 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 16 GND GND NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 17 mutation mutation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 18 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 19 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 20 active active JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 21 site site NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 22 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 65 23 NS5B NS5B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 2 JFH1 JFH1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 3 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 4 Fluc Fluc NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 5 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 6 GND GND NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 8 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 9 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 10 analyzed analyze VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 11 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 12 Fluc Fluc NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 13 activity activity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 14 expressed express VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 15 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 16 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 17 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 18 internal internal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 19 ribosomal ribosomal NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 20 entry entry NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 21 site site NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 23 IRES IRES NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 66 25 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 1 A a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 2 significant significant JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 3 decrease decrease NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 4 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 5 luciferase luciferase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 6 activity activity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 8 > > NFP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 9 80 80 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 10 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 12 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 13 observed observe VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 14 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 15 JFH1 JFH1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 16 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 17 Fluc Fluc NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 18 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 19 GND GND NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 20 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 21 transfected transfecte VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 22 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 23 pretreated pretreate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 24 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 25 siLC3 siLC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 27 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 28 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 29 2E 2E NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 67 31 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 1 Silencing silencing NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 2 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 3 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 5 which which WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 6 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 7 LC3-II lc3-ii NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 8 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 9 as as RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 10 well well RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 11 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 12 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 13 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 14 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 15 conjugation conjugation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 16 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 17 decreased decrease VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 18 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 19 translation translation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 20 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 21 50 50 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 22 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 68 23 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 1 This this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 2 effect effect NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 3 probably probably RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 4 occurred occur VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 5 through through IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 6 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 7 inhibition inhibition NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 8 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 9 LC3-II lc3-ii NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 10 conjugation conjugation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 11 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 12 because because IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 13 silencing silencing NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 14 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 15 ATG12 atg12 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 16 expression expression NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 17 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 18 much much RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 19 less less RBR cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 20 efficient efficient JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 21 than than IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 22 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 23 silencing silencing NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 24 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 25 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 26 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 28 translation translation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 30 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 31 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 32 2E 2E NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 69 34 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 1 In in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 2 contrast contrast NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 3 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 4 silencing silence VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 5 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 6 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 7 severely severely RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 8 affected affect VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 10 luciferase luciferase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 11 activity activity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 12 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 13 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 14 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 15 competent competent JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 16 JFH1 JFH1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 17 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 18 Fluc Fluc NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 19 wild wild JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 20 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 21 type type NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 22 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 70 23 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 2 effect effect NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 3 on on IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 4 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 5 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 6 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 7 due due JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 8 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 10 toxicity toxicity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 11 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 12 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 13 treatment treatment NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 15 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 16 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 17 S1 S1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 19 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 20 thus thus RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 21 suggesting suggest VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 22 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 23 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 24 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 25 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 26 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 27 conjugate conjugate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 28 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 29 involved involve VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 30 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 31 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 32 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 33 lifecycle lifecycle NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 34 step(s step(s NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 36 beyond beyond IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 37 entry entry NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 38 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 39 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 71 40 translation translation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 3 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 4 2E 2E NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 6 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 7 whereas whereas IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 8 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 9 expression expression NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 10 and/or and/or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 11 conjugation conjugation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 12 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 13 primarily primarily RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 14 important important JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 15 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 16 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 17 translation translation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 18 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 19 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 20 previously previously RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 21 suggested suggest VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 22 31 31 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 72 23 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 1 assessed assess VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 2 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 3 western western JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 4 blotting blotting NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 5 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 6 mock mock JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 8 UI UI NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 10 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 11 Huh7 Huh7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 12 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 13 infected infect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 14 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 15 more more JJR cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 16 than than IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 17 90 90 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 18 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 19 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 20 JFH1 JFH1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 21 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 22 specific specific JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 23 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 24 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 25 ATG5 atg5 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 26 antibody antibody NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 73 27 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 1 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 2 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 3 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 4 LC3 lc3 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 5 lipidation lipidation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 6 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 7 detected detect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 8 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 9 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 10 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 11 NS3 ns3 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 12 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 13 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 14 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 15 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 16 antibodies antibody NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 17 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 18 respectively respectively RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 74 19 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 75 1 β β LS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 75 2 -actin -actin NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 75 3 represents represent VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 75 4 loading loading NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 75 5 control control NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 75 6 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 2 B b NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 4 Uninfected uninfected JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 5 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 6 JFH1-infected JFH1-infected NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 7 Huh7 Huh7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 8 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 9 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 10 more more JJR cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 11 than than IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 12 90 90 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 13 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 14 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 15 transiently transiently RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 16 transfected transfecte VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 17 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 18 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 19 plasmid plasmid NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 20 encoding encoding NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 21 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 22 Flag Flag NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 23 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 24 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 25 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 76 26 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 1 Two two CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 2 days day NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 3 later later RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 5 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 6 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 7 lysed lyse VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 8 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 9 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 10 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 11 immunoprecipitated immunoprecipitate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 12 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 13 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 14 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 15 Flag flag JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 16 antibody antibody NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 17 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 18 IgG igg NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 19 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 20 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 21 control control NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 22 followed follow VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 23 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 24 western western JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 25 blot blot NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 26 analysis analysis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 27 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 28 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 29 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 30 Flag flag JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 31 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 32 anti anti NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 33 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 34 ATG16L1 atg16l1 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 77 35 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 2 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 4 Huh7 huh7 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 5 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 6 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 7 infected infect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 8 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 9 JFH1 JFH1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 11 > > NFP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 12 90 90 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 13 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 14 infected infected JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 16 before before IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 17 being be VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 18 transfected transfecte VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 19 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 20 control control NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 22 mock mock NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 24 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 25 Flag Flag NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 26 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 27 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 28 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 29 GFP GFP NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 30 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 31 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 32 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 33 Flag flag NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 34 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 35 ATG12DN ATG12DN NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 36 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 37 Flag Flag NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 38 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 39 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 40 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 41 Flag Flag NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 42 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 43 ATG12DN atg12dn JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 44 encoding encoding NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 45 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 78 46 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 1 Cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 2 lysates lysate NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 4 analyzed analyze VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 5 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 6 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 7 NS3 NS3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 8 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 9 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 10 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 11 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 12 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 13 expressions expression NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 14 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 15 72 72 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 16 h h NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 17 post post NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 18 - - NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 19 transfection transfection JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 20 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 21 western western JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 22 blotting blotting NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 79 23 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 2 D D NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 4 JFH1-infected jfh1-infecte VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 5 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 6 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 7 more more JJR cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 8 than than IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 9 90 90 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 10 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 11 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 12 transfected transfecte VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 13 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 14 control control NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 15 plasmid plasmid NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 17 mock mock NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 19 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 20 Flag flag NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 21 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 22 ATG12DN ATG12DN NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 23 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 24 Flag Flag NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 25 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 26 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 27 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 28 Flag Flag NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 29 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 30 ATG12DN ATG12DN NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 80 31 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 81 1 Two two CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 81 2 days day NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 81 3 later later RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 81 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 81 5 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 81 6 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 81 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 81 8 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 81 9 quantified quantify VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 81 10 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 81 11 RT RT NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 81 12 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 81 13 qPCR qPCR NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 81 14 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 82 1 Data datum NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 82 2 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 82 3 collected collect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 82 4 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 82 5 three three CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 82 6 independent independent JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 82 7 experiments experiment NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 82 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 82 9 n n NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 82 10 = = SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 82 11 3 3 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 82 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 82 13 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 83 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 83 2 * * NFP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 83 3 * * NFP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 83 4 P p NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 83 5 = = SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 83 6 0.005 0.005 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 83 7 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 83 8 NS NS NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 83 9 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 83 10 None none NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 83 11 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 83 12 significant significant JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 83 13 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 84 1 Statistical statistical JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 84 2 analysis analysis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 84 3 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 84 4 performed perform VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 84 5 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 84 6 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 84 7 One one CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 84 8 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 84 9 way way NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 84 10 ANOVA ANOVA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 84 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 84 12 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 85 1 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 85 2 RepoRts RepoRts NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 85 3 | | . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 86 1 7:40351 7:40351 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 86 2 | | NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 87 1 DOI DOI NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 87 2 : : : cord-002369-shk4n8f6 88 1 10.1038 10.1038 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 88 2 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 88 3 srep40351 srep40351 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 89 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 89 2 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 89 3 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 89 4 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 89 5 conjugate conjugate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 89 6 positively positively RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 89 7 regulates regulate VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 89 8 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 89 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 89 10 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 89 11 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 89 12 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 89 13 LC3-independent lc3-independent NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 89 14 manner manner NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 89 15 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 1 To to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 2 determine determine VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 3 whether whether IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 4 LC3 lc3 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 5 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 6 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 7 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 8 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 9 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 10 conjugate conjugate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 11 modulates modulate VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 12 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 14 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 15 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 16 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 17 analyzed analyze VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 18 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 19 effects effect NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 20 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 21 silencing silence VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 22 these these DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 23 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 24 genes gene NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 25 on on IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 26 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 28 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 29 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 30 Huh7 Huh7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 31 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 32 stably stably RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 33 expressing express VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 34 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 35 JFH1 JFH1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 36 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 37 replicon replicon NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 39 SGR SGR NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 90 41 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 1 Using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 2 these these DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 3 specific specific JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 4 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 5 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 6 which which WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 7 are be VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 8 capable capable JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 9 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 10 only only RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 11 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 12 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 14 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 15 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 16 lacked lack VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 17 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 18 capacity capacity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 19 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 20 produce produce VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 21 infectious infectious JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 22 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 23 particles particle NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 24 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 25 allowed allow VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 26 us -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 27 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 28 study study VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 29 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 30 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 31 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 32 independently independently RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 33 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 34 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 35 entry entry NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 36 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 37 egress egress NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 91 38 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 1 Again again RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 3 silencing silence VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 4 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 5 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 6 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 7 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 8 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 9 efficiently efficiently RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 10 inhibited inhibit VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 12 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 13 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 14 thus thus RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 15 supporting support VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 16 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 17 role role NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 18 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 19 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 20 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 21 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 22 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 23 conjugate conjugate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 24 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 25 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 26 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 27 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 28 ruling rule VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 29 out out RP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 30 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 31 possibility possibility NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 32 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 33 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 34 participates participate VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 35 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 36 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 37 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 39 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 40 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 41 3A 3A NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 42 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 43 B B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 92 45 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 1 Because because IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 2 silencing silencing NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 3 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 4 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 5 expression expression NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 6 led lead VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 7 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 8 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 9 clear clear JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 10 inhibition inhibition NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 11 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 12 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 14 translation translation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 15 after after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 16 electroporation electroporation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 17 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 18 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 19 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 21 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 22 did do VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 23 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 24 significantly significantly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 25 affect affect VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 26 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 27 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 28 JFH1-SGR JFH1-SGR NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 29 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 30 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 31 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 32 sought seek VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 33 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 34 compare compare VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 35 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 36 effect effect NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 37 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 38 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 39 treatment treatment NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 40 before before RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 41 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 42 after after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 43 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 44 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 45 HCVcc HCVcc NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 46 JFH1 JFH1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 48 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 49 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 50 3C 3C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 93 52 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 2 results result NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 3 clearly clearly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 5 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 6 siLC3 siLC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 7 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 8 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 9 only only RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 10 when when WRB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 12 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 13 transfected transfecte VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 14 before before IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 15 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 16 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 17 whereas whereas IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 18 siATG7 siATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 19 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 20 effective effective JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 21 when when WRB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 23 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 24 transfected transfecte VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 25 before before IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 26 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 27 after after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 28 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 94 29 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 1 These these DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 2 results result NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 4 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 5 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 6 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 7 important important JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 8 early early RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 9 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 10 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 11 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 12 primarily primarily RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 13 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 14 initial initial JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 15 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 17 translation translation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 18 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 19 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 20 has have VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 21 previously previously RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 22 been be VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 23 reported report VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 24 31 31 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 95 25 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 1 Finally finally RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 4 evaluated evaluate VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 6 effects effect NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 7 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 8 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 9 treatment treatment NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 10 on on IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 11 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 12 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 13 extracellular extracellular JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 14 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 15 infectious infectious JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 16 particle particle NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 17 production production NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 18 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 19 JFH1-infected JFH1-infected NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 20 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 22 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 23 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 24 3D 3D NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 96 26 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 97 1 These these DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 97 2 results result NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 97 3 suggested suggest VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 97 4 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 97 5 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 97 6 maturation maturation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 97 7 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 97 8 secretion secretion NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 97 9 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 97 10 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 97 11 significantly significantly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 97 12 affected affect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 97 13 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 97 14 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 97 15 treatment treatment NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 97 16 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 1 Although although IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 2 silencing silence VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 3 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 4 led lead VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 5 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 6 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 7 significant significant JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 8 decrease decrease NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 9 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 10 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 11 particle particle NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 12 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 13 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 14 this this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 15 effect effect NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 16 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 17 attributed attribute VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 18 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 19 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 20 severe severe JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 21 reduction reduction NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 22 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 23 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 24 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 98 25 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 99 1 Collectively collectively RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 99 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 99 3 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 99 4 silencing silencing NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 99 5 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 99 6 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 99 7 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 99 8 lesser less JJR cord-002369-shk4n8f6 99 9 extent extent NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 99 10 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 99 11 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 99 12 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 99 13 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 99 14 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 99 15 impaired impair VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 99 16 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 99 17 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 99 18 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 100 1 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 100 2 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 100 3 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 100 4 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 100 5 ATG16L1 ATG16L1 NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 100 6 are be VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 100 7 associated associate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 100 8 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 100 9 purified purify VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 100 10 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 100 11 extract extract NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 100 12 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 1 In in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 2 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 3 previous previous JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 4 study study NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 5 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 7 lab lab NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 8 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 10 have have VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 11 shown show VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 12 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 13 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 14 interacts interact VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 15 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 16 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 17 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 18 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 20 NS5B NS5B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 22 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 23 co co NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 24 - - NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 25 localizes localize VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 26 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 27 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 28 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 29 associated associate VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 30 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 31 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 32 34 34 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 101 33 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 2 major major JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 3 limitation limitation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 4 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 6 ability ability NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 7 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 8 investigate investigate VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 10 composition composition NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 11 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 12 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 13 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 14 has have VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 15 recently recently RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 16 been be VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 17 resolved resolve VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 18 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 19 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 20 Ralf Ralf NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 21 Bartenschlager Bartenschlager NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 22 's 's POS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 23 group group NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 24 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 25 which which WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 26 has have VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 27 developed develop VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 28 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 29 method method NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 30 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 31 purify purify VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 32 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 33 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 34 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 35 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 36 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 37 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 38 replicon replicon NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 39 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 40 harboring harbor VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 41 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 42 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 43 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 44 tag tag NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 45 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 47 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 48 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 49 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 51 42 42 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 102 52 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 1 This this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 2 method method NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 3 allowed allow VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 4 us -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 5 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 6 evaluate evaluate VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 7 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 8 presence presence NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 9 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 10 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 12 elongation elongation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 13 complex complex JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 14 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 15 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 16 purified purify VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 17 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 18 extract extract NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 103 19 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 1 Through through IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 2 this this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 3 protocol protocol NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 5 after after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 6 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 7 enrichment enrichment NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 8 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 9 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 10 discontinuous discontinuous JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 11 sucrose sucrose NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 12 gradient gradient NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 13 via via IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 14 ultracentrifugation ultracentrifugation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 15 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 16 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 17 pooled pool VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 18 fractions fraction NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 19 that that WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 20 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 21 rich rich JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 22 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 23 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 24 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 25 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 27 fraction fraction NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 28 3 3 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 29 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 30 7 7 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 32 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 33 mostly mostly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 34 devoid devoid JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 35 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 36 soluble soluble JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 37 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 39 GAPDH GAPDH NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 40 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 41 LC3I LC3I NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 42 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 43 fractions fraction NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 44 8 8 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 45 - - SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 46 10 10 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 104 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 105 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 105 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 105 3 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 105 4 4A 4a CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 105 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 105 6 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 2 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 3 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 4 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 5 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 6 pulled pull VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 7 down down RP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 8 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 9 pooled pool VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 10 fractions fraction NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 11 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 12 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 13 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 14 specific specific JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 15 antibody antibody NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 16 against against IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 17 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 18 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 19 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 20 tag tag NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 21 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 22 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 23 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 24 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 25 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 106 26 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 3 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 4 MW mw NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 5 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 6 enriched enrich VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 7 extract extract NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 8 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 9 used use VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 10 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 11 either either DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 12 western western JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 13 blot blot NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 14 analysis analysis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 15 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 16 vesicle vesicle NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 17 visualization visualization NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 18 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 19 transmission transmission NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 20 electron electron NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 21 microscopy microscopy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 23 TEM TEM NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 107 25 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 1 As as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 2 expected expect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 3 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 4 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 5 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 6 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 7 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 8 NS3 ns3 RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 9 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 10 NS5A NS5A NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 11 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 12 readily readily RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 13 detectable detectable JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 14 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 15 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 16 purified purify VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 17 extract extract NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 18 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 19 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 20 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 21 replicon replicon NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 22 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 23 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 24 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 25 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 26 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 27 control control NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 108 28 untagged untagged JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 109 1 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 109 2 replicon replicon NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 109 3 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 109 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 109 5 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 109 6 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 109 7 4B 4b CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 109 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 109 9 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 3 elongation elongation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 4 complex complex JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 5 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 7 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 8 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 9 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 10 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 11 ATG16L1 ATG16L1 NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 13 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 14 also also RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 15 detected detect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 16 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 17 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 18 purified purify VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 19 MW mw NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 20 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 21 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 22 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 23 replicon replicon NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 24 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 25 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 26 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 27 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 28 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 29 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 30 control control NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 31 extract extract NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 32 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 33 thus thus RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 34 indicating indicate VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 35 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 36 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 37 elongation elongation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 38 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 39 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 40 indeed indeed RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 41 present present JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 42 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 43 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 44 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 45 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 46 site site NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 110 47 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 1 In in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 2 contrast contrast NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 3 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 5 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 6 unable unable JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 7 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 8 detect detect VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 9 LC3II LC3II NNPS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 10 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 11 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 12 purified purify VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 13 MW mw NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 15 Fig fig NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 16 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 17 4B 4B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 19 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 20 thereby thereby RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 21 suggesting suggest VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 22 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 23 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 24 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 25 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 26 recruited recruit VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 27 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 28 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 29 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 30 elongation elongation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 31 complex complex JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 32 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 33 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 34 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 111 35 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 2 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 3 examined examine VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 4 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 5 morphology morphology NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 6 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 7 purified purify VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 8 membranes membrane NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 9 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 10 compared compare VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 11 them -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 12 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 13 ER ER NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 14 membranes membrane NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 15 purified purify VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 16 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 17 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 18 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 19 line line NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 20 expressing express VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 21 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 22 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 23 tagged tag VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 24 Calnexin Calnexin NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 25 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 26 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 27 previously previously RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 28 described describe VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 29 42 42 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 112 30 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 2 results result NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 3 showed show VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 4 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 5 almost almost RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 6 90 90 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 7 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 8 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 10 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 11 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 12 purified purify VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 13 membranes membrane NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 14 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 15 spherical spherical JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 16 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 17 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 18 compared compare VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 19 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 20 CLNXN CLNXN NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 21 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 22 purified purify VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 23 material material NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 24 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 25 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 26 which which WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 27 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 28 majority majority NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 29 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 30 membranes membrane NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 31 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 32 composed compose VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 33 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 34 partially partially RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 35 collapsed collapse VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 36 large large JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 37 membranes membrane NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 39 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 40 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 41 5A 5a NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 42 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 43 B b NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 113 45 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 2 results result NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 3 are be VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 4 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 5 agreement agreement NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 6 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 7 those those DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 8 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 9 Paul Paul NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 10 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 11 colleagues colleague NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 12 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 13 who who WP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 14 have have VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 15 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 16 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 17 most most JJS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 18 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 19 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 20 purified purify VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 21 ER ER NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 22 membranes membrane NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 23 are be VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 24 composed compose VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 25 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 26 elongated elongated JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 27 structures structure NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 28 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 29 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 30 opposed oppose VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 31 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 32 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 33 spherical spherical JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 34 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 35 found find VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 36 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 37 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 38 extracts extract VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 39 42 42 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 114 40 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 1 Finally finally RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 3 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 4 specificity specificity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 5 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 6 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 7 pull pull NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 8 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 9 down down NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 10 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 11 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 12 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 13 beads bead NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 14 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 15 confirmed confirm VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 16 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 17 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 18 extracts extract NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 19 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 20 untagged untagged JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 21 SGR SGR NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 22 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 24 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 25 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 26 5C 5c CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 115 28 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 1 Altogether altogether RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 3 these these DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 4 results result NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 5 indicate indicate VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 6 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 7 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 8 least least JJS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 9 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 10 fraction fraction NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 11 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 12 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 13 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 14 elongation elongation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 15 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 16 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 17 localized localize VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 18 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 19 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 20 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 21 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 22 induced induce VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 23 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 24 compartments compartment NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 116 25 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 117 1 Silencing silencing NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 117 2 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 117 3 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 117 4 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 117 5 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 117 6 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 117 7 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 117 8 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 117 9 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 117 10 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 117 11 alters alter VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 117 12 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 117 13 phenotype phenotype NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 117 14 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 117 15 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 117 16 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 117 17 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 1 To to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 2 evaluate evaluate VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 3 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 4 putative putative JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 5 role role NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 6 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 7 host host NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 8 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 9 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 10 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 11 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 12 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 13 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 14 Reiss Reiss NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 15 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 16 colleagues colleague NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 17 have have VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 18 established establish VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 19 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 20 T7-polymerase t7-polymerase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 21 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 22 based base VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 23 Specific specific JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 24 antibodies antibody NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 25 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 26 used use VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 27 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 28 detect detect VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 29 NS3 ns3 RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 30 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 31 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 32 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 33 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 34 NS5A NS5A NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 35 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 36 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 37 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 38 GAPDH GAPDH NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 39 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 40 indicated indicate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 41 on on IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 42 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 43 left left NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 118 44 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 119 1 Fractions fraction NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 119 2 containing contain VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 119 3 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 119 4 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 119 5 associated associate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 119 6 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 119 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 119 8 boxed box VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 119 9 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 119 10 red red JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 119 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 119 12 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 119 13 pooled pool VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 119 14 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 119 15 affinity affinity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 119 16 capture capture NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 119 17 immunoprecipitation immunoprecipitation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 119 18 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 120 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 120 2 density density NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 120 3 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 120 4 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 120 5 different different JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 120 6 fractions fraction NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 120 7 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 120 8 shown show VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 120 9 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 120 10 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 120 11 lower low JJR cord-002369-shk4n8f6 120 12 panel panel NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 120 13 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 121 1 TCL TCL NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 121 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 121 3 total total JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 121 4 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 121 5 lysate lysate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 121 6 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 2 B b NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 4 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 5 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 6 specific specific JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 7 affinitycaptured affinitycaptured JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 8 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 9 content content NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 10 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 11 pooled pool VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 12 fraction fraction NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 13 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 15 A a NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 17 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 18 analyzed analyze VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 19 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 20 western western JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 21 blotting blotting NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 22 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 23 detect detect VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 24 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 25 NS3 ns3 RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 122 26 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 123 1 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 123 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 123 3 NS5A NS5A NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 123 4 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 123 5 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 123 6 elongation elongation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 123 7 complex complex JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 124 1 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 124 2 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 124 3 12/16L1 12/16l1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 124 4 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 124 5 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 124 6 specific specific JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 124 7 antibodies antibody NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 124 8 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 125 1 Pooled pool VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 125 2 fractions fraction NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 125 3 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 125 4 SGR SGR NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 125 5 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 125 6 lysate lysate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 125 7 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 125 8 used use VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 125 9 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 125 10 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 125 11 pull pull VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 125 12 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 125 13 down down RP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 125 14 specificity specificity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 125 15 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 1 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 3 synthesis synthesis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 4 system system NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 5 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 6 which which WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 7 continuous continuous JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 8 production production NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 9 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 10 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 11 polyproteins polyprotein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 12 persists persist VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 13 even even RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 14 when when WRB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 15 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 16 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 17 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 18 abrogated abrogate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 19 43 43 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 126 20 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 1 This this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 2 system system NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 3 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 4 particularly particularly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 5 useful useful JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 6 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 7 evaluate evaluate VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 8 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 9 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 10 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 11 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 12 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 13 while while IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 14 targeting target VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 15 host host NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 16 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 17 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 18 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 19 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 20 absence absence NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 21 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 22 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 24 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 127 25 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 1 With with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 2 this this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 3 system system NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 6 has have VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 7 been be VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 8 shown show VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 9 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 10 alterations alteration NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 11 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 12 MW mw NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 13 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 14 result result NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 15 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 16 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 17 clustered clustered JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 18 phenotype phenotype NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 19 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 20 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 21 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 22 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 23 43 43 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 24 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 25 44 44 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 128 26 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 1 Thus thus RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 3 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 4 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 5 same same JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 6 system system NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 8 obtained obtain VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 9 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 10 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 11 Volker Volker NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 12 Lohmann Lohmann NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 14 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 15 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 16 analyzed analyze VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 17 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 18 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 19 indirectly indirectly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 20 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 21 monitoring monitor VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 22 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 23 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 24 localization localization NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 25 after after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 26 treatment treatment NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 27 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 28 siLC3 siLC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 29 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 30 siATG7 siATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 31 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 32 siATG12 siATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 129 33 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 1 Under under IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 2 normal normal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 3 conditions condition NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 6 NS3 ns3 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 7 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 8 NS5A NS5A NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 9 cellular cellular JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 10 distribution distribution NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 11 appeared appear VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 12 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 13 small small JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 14 punctate punctate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 15 structures structure NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 16 that that WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 17 appeared appear VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 18 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 19 be be VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 20 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 21 associated associate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 130 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 131 1 Fig fig NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 131 2 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 131 3 6A 6a NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 131 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 131 5 B B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 131 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 131 7 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 1 Treatment treatment NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 2 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 3 siLC3 siLC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 4 did do VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 5 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 6 alter alter VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 7 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 8 cellular cellular JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 9 distribution distribution NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 10 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 11 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 12 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 13 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 14 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 15 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 16 observed observe VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 17 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 18 confocal confocal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 132 19 microscopy microscopy NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 133 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 133 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 133 3 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 133 4 6A 6a CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 133 5 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 133 6 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 133 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 133 8 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 1 Strikingly strikingly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 3 silencing silence VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 4 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 5 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 6 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 7 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 8 resulted result VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 9 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 10 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 11 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 12 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 13 larger large JJR cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 14 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 15 clusters cluster NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 16 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 17 most most JJS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 18 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 19 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 20 transfected transfecte VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 21 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 23 Fig fig NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 24 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 25 6A 6a CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 26 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 27 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 134 29 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 1 This this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 2 effect effect NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 3 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 4 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 5 due due JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 6 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 7 decreased decrease VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 8 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 9 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 10 expression expression NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 11 level level NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 13 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 14 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 15 6D 6D NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 17 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 18 thus thus RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 19 suggesting suggest VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 20 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 21 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 22 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 23 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 24 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 25 conjugate conjugate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 26 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 27 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 28 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 29 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 30 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 31 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 32 required require VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 33 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 34 obtain obtain VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 35 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 36 wild wild JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 37 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 38 type type NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 39 MW mw NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 40 phenotype phenotype NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 135 41 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 136 1 Silencing silencing NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 136 2 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 136 3 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 136 4 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 136 5 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 136 6 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 136 7 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 136 8 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 136 9 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 136 10 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 136 11 modifies modify VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 136 12 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 136 13 morphology morphology NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 136 14 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 137 1 Next next RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 137 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 137 3 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 137 4 TEM tem NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 137 5 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 137 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 137 7 analyzed analyze VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 137 8 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 137 9 morphology morphology NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 137 10 after after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 137 11 treatment treatment NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 137 12 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 137 13 siLC3 siLC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 137 14 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 137 15 siATG7 siATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 137 16 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 137 17 siATG12 siATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 137 18 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 1 Expression expression NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 2 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 3 pTM pTM NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 4 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 5 NS3 ns3 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 6 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 7 5B 5b NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 8 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 9 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 10 treated treat VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 11 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 12 siCTL siCTL NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 13 induced induce VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 14 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 15 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 16 alterations alteration NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 17 composed compose VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 18 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 19 DMVs dmv NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 20 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 21 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 22 average average JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 23 size size NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 24 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 25 200 200 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 26 nm nm NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 27 interspersed intersperse VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 28 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 29 multi multi JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 30 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 31 membrane membrane JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 32 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 34 MMVs mmv NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 36 that that WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 37 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 38 distributed distribute VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 39 throughout throughout IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 40 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 41 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 43 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 44 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 45 7A 7a NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 46 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 47 B b NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 49 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 50 that that DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 51 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 52 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 53 seen see VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 54 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 55 negative negative JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 56 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 57 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 58 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 59 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 60 7E 7E NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 138 62 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 1 Silencing silencing NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 2 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 3 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 4 resulted result VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 5 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 6 more more RBR cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 7 homogenous homogenous JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 8 DMVs dmv NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 9 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 10 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 11 markedly markedly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 12 decreased decrease VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 13 average average JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 14 size size NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 16 90 90 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 17 nm nm NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 19 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 20 led lead VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 21 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 22 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 23 disappearance disappearance NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 24 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 139 25 MMVs mmv NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 140 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 140 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 140 3 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 140 4 7A 7a NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 140 5 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 140 6 B b NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 140 7 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 140 8 D D NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 140 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 140 10 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 1 Silencing silencing NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 2 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 3 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 4 led lead VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 5 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 6 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 7 similar similar JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 8 effect effect NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 9 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 10 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 11 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 12 much much RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 13 lower low JJR cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 14 abundance abundance NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 15 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 16 DMVs dmv NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 18 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 19 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 20 7C 7C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 141 22 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 1 However however RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 3 silencing silencing NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 4 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 5 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 6 had have VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 7 no no DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 8 effect effect NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 9 on on IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 10 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 11 DMV DMV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 12 size size NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 14 average average JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 15 diameter diameter NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 16 200 200 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 17 nm nm NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 20 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 21 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 22 7B 7B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 24 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 25 on on IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 26 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 27 vesicle vesicle NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 28 types type NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 29 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 30 which which WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 31 both both DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 32 DMVs dmv NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 33 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 34 MMVs mmv NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 35 coexist coexist VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 37 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 38 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 39 7C 7C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 40 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 41 D D NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 142 43 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 1 Thus thus RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 3 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 4 similar similar JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 5 morphology morphology NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 6 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 7 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 8 alterations alteration NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 9 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 10 observed observe VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 11 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 12 siCTL siCTL NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 13 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 14 treated treat VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 15 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 17 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 18 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 19 7A 7a NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 20 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 21 B B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 143 23 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 1 These these DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 2 results result NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 3 strongly strongly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 4 suggest suggest VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 5 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 6 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 7 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 8 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 9 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 10 conjugate conjugate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 11 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 12 crucial crucial JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 13 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 14 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 15 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 16 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 17 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 18 typical typical JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 19 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 20 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 21 induced induce VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 22 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 23 architecture architecture NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 144 24 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 1 In in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 2 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 3 present present JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 4 study study NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 5 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 7 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 8 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 9 requirement requirement NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 10 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 11 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 12 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 13 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 14 12/16L1 12/16l1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 15 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 16 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 17 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 18 completion completion NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 19 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 20 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 21 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 22 lifecycle lifecycle NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 145 23 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 146 1 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 146 2 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 146 3 does do VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 146 4 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 146 5 hamper hamper VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 146 6 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 146 7 conjugation conjugation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 146 8 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 146 9 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 146 10 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 146 11 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 146 12 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 146 13 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 146 14 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 146 15 multimeric multimeric NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 146 16 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 147 1 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 147 2 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 147 3 12/16L1 12/16l1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 148 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 148 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 148 3 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 149 1 1A 1a LS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 149 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 149 3 B B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 149 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 149 5 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 150 1 In in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 150 2 contrast contrast NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 150 3 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 150 4 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 150 5 conjugation conjugation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 150 6 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 150 7 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 150 8 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 150 9 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 150 10 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 150 11 crucial crucial JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 150 12 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 150 13 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 150 14 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 150 15 lifecycle lifecycle NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 150 16 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 1 More more RBR cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 2 specifically specifically RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 3 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 5 study study NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 6 suggests suggest VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 7 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 8 role role NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 9 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 10 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 11 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 12 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 13 12/16L1 12/16l1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 14 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 15 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 16 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 17 genome genome NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 18 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 19 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 20 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 21 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 22 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 23 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 24 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 151 25 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 2 involvement involvement NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 3 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 4 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 5 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 6 elongation elongation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 7 complex complex JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 8 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 10 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 11 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 12 step step NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 13 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 14 investigated investigate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 15 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 16 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 17 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 18 targeting target VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 19 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 20 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 21 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 22 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 23 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 24 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 152 25 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 1 Because because IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 2 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 3 silencing silencing NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 4 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 5 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 6 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 7 known know VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 8 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 9 inhibit inhibit VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 10 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 11 conjugation conjugation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 12 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 13 both both DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 14 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 15 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 16 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 17 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 18 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 19 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 20 able able JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 21 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 22 address address VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 23 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 24 importance importance NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 25 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 26 these these DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 27 two two CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 28 conjugation conjugation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 29 systems system NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 30 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 31 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 32 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 153 33 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 3 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 4 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 5 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 6 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 7 conjugate conjugate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 8 acted act VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 9 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 10 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 11 proviral proviral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 12 factor factor NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 13 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 14 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 15 step step NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 16 beyond beyond IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 17 entry entry NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 18 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 20 translation translation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 21 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 22 before before IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 23 virion virion NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 24 maturation maturation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 25 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 26 secretion secretion NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 27 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 28 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 29 depicted depict VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 30 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 31 Figs Figs NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 32 2 2 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 33 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 34 3 3 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 154 35 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 2 also also RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 3 observed observe VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 4 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 5 silencing silencing NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 6 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 7 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 8 interfered interfere VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 9 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 10 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 12 translation translation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 13 after after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 14 electroporation electroporation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 15 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 16 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 17 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 18 defective defective JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 19 replicon replicon NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 21 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 22 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 23 2E 2E NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 155 25 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 1 These these DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 2 results result NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 3 are be VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 4 consistent consistent JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 5 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 6 those those DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 7 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 8 Dreux Dreux NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 9 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 10 colleagues colleague NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 11 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 12 who who WP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 13 have have VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 14 found find VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 15 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 16 defect defect NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 17 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 18 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 20 translation translation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 21 after after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 22 silencing silence VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 23 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 24 Beclin-1 Beclin-1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 25 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 26 ATG4B atg4b CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 27 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 28 thus thus RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 29 leading lead VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 30 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 31 inhibition inhibition NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 32 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 33 LC3-II LC3-II NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 34 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 35 31 31 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 156 36 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 1 Silencing silencing NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 2 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 3 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 4 had have VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 5 little little JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 6 effect effect NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 7 on on IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 8 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 9 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 10 deficient deficient JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 11 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 12 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 13 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 14 detrimental detrimental JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 15 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 16 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 17 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 18 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 19 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 20 JFH1 JFH1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 21 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 22 Fluc Fluc NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 23 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 24 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 25 thus thus RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 26 indicating indicate VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 27 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 28 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 29 primary primary JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 30 target target NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 31 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 32 beyond beyond IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 33 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 34 translation translation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 35 step step NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 37 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 38 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 39 2E 2E NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 157 41 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 1 This this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 2 result result NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 3 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 4 further further RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 5 confirmed confirm VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 6 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 7 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 8 stably stably RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 9 expressing express VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 10 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 11 JFH1 JFH1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 12 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 13 replicon replicon NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 14 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 15 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 16 which which WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 17 silencing silencing NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 18 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 19 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 20 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 21 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 22 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 23 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 24 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 25 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 26 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 27 significantly significantly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 28 inhibited inhibit VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 29 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 30 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 158 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 159 1 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 159 2 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 159 3 3A 3A NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 159 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 159 5 B B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 159 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 159 7 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 1 Silencing silencing NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 2 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 3 LC3 lc3 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 4 impeded impede VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 5 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 6 only only RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 7 when when WRB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 8 performed perform VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 9 before before IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 10 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 11 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 12 thus thus RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 13 suggesting suggest VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 14 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 15 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 16 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 17 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 18 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 19 conjugate conjugate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 20 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 21 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 22 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 23 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 24 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 25 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 26 important important JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 27 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 28 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 29 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 30 after after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 31 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 32 establishment establishment NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 33 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 160 34 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 161 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 161 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 161 3 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 161 4 3C 3C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 161 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 161 6 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 1 In in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 2 addition addition NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 3 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 4 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 5 co co NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 6 - - NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 7 purification purification NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 8 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 10 elongation elongation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 11 complex complex JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 12 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 13 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 14 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 15 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 16 suggested suggest VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 17 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 18 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 19 ATG5-NS5B ATG5-NS5B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 20 interaction interaction NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 21 previously previously RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 22 described describe VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 23 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 24 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 25 laboratory laboratory NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 26 34 34 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 27 might may MD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 28 actually actually RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 29 participate participate VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 30 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 31 targeting targeting NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 32 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 33 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 34 elongation elongation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 35 complex complex JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 36 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 37 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 162 38 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 163 1 and/or and/or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 163 2 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 163 3 supplying supply VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 163 4 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 163 5 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 163 6 isolation isolation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 163 7 membranes membrane NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 163 8 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 163 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 163 10 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 163 11 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 163 12 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 163 13 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 163 14 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 163 15 induced induce VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 163 16 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 163 17 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 1 In in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 2 canonical canonical JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 3 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 6 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 7 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 8 12/16L1 12/16l1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 9 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 10 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 11 recruited recruit VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 12 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 13 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 14 isolation isolation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 15 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 16 prior prior RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 17 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 18 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 19 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 20 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 21 released release VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 22 just just RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 23 before before IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 24 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 25 completion completion NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 26 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 27 autophagosomes autophagosomes NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 164 28 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 2 absence absence NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 3 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 4 LC3 lc3 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 5 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 6 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 7 purified purify VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 8 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 9 suggests suggest VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 10 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 11 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 12 either either RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 13 hijacks hijack VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 14 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 15 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 16 12/16L1-positive 12/16l1-positive CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 17 LC3-negative lc3-negative JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 18 isolation isolation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 19 membranes membrane NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 20 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 21 initiates initiate VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 22 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 23 de de FW cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 24 novo novo NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 25 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 26 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 27 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 28 isolation isolation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 29 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 30 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 31 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 32 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 33 rather rather RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 34 than than IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 35 utilizing utilize VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 36 LC3-positive lc3-positive JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 37 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 38 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 39 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 40 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 41 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 42 DMVs dmv NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 43 within within IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 44 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 45 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 47 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 48 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 49 4 4 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 165 51 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 3 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 4 recruitment recruitment NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 5 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 6 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 7 elongation elongation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 8 complex complex JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 9 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 10 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 11 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 12 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 13 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 14 accompanied accompany VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 15 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 16 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 17 lipidation lipidation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 18 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 20 relocation relocation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 21 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 22 that that DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 23 site site NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 166 24 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 1 Recently recently RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 4 has have VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 5 been be VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 6 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 7 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 8 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 9 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 10 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 11 12/16L1 12/16l1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 12 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 13 has have VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 14 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 15 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 16 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 17 tethering tether VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 18 activity activity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 19 that that WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 20 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 21 independent independent JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 22 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 23 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 24 45 45 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 25 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 26 46 46 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 167 27 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 1 This this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 2 finding finding NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 3 highlights highlight VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 4 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 5 possibility possibility NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 6 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 7 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 8 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 9 infected infect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 10 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 11 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 12 major major JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 13 role role NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 14 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 15 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 16 elongation elongation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 17 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 18 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 19 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 20 tether tether VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 21 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 22 during during IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 23 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 24 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 168 25 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 1 Concomitantly concomitantly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 4 has have VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 5 been be VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 6 reported report VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 7 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 8 some some DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 9 ATG ATG NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 10 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 11 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 12 including include VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 13 ATG16L1 ATG16L1 NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 14 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 15 can can MD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 16 traffic traffic VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 17 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 18 LC3-free LC3-free NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 19 vesicle vesicle NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 20 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 21 like like JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 22 structures structure NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 23 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 24 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 25 site site NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 26 where where WRB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 27 they -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 28 probably probably RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 29 act act VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 30 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 31 generate generate VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 32 de de FW cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 33 novo novo NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 34 isolation isolation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 35 membranes membrane NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 36 47 47 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 169 37 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 1 This this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 2 finding finding NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 3 also also RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 4 raises raise VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 6 possibility possibility NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 7 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 8 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 9 may may MD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 10 recruit recruit VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 11 similar similar JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 12 structures structure NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 13 that that WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 14 aid aid VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 15 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 16 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 17 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 18 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 19 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 20 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 170 21 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 1 Recently recently RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 3 Reiss Reiss NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 4 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 5 colleagues colleague NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 6 have have VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 7 developed develop VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 8 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 9 system system NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 10 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 11 evaluate evaluate VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 12 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 13 importance importance NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 14 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 15 host host NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 16 factors factor NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 17 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 18 membranous membranous JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 19 web web NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 20 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 21 43 43 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 171 22 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 1 Using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 2 this this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 3 system system NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 6 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 7 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 8 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 9 as as RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 10 well well RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 11 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 12 ATG12 atg12 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 13 expression expression NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 14 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 15 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 16 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 17 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 18 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 19 are be VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 20 important important JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 21 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 22 obtain obtain VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 23 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 24 wild wild JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 25 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 26 type type NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 27 MW mw NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 28 phenotype phenotype NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 29 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 30 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 31 observed observe VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 32 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 33 confocal confocal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 34 microscopy microscopy NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 36 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 37 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 38 6 6 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 172 40 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 3 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 4 morphology morphology NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 5 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 6 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 7 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 8 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 9 induced induce VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 10 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 11 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 12 severely severely RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 13 altered alter VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 14 after after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 15 silencing silence VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 16 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 17 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 18 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 19 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 20 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 21 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 22 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 23 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 173 24 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 1 Notably notably RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 3 knocking knock VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 4 down down RP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 5 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 6 decreased decrease VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 7 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 8 size size NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 9 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 10 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 11 number number NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 12 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 13 DMVs dmv NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 14 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 15 whereas whereas IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 16 silencing silencing NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 17 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 18 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 19 mainly mainly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 20 affected affect VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 22 size size NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 24 Fig Fig NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 25 . . NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 26 7 7 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 174 28 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 175 1 At at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 175 2 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 175 3 moment moment NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 175 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 175 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 175 6 remains remain VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 175 7 unknown unknown JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 175 8 whether whether IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 175 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 175 10 altered altered JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 175 11 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 175 12 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 175 13 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 175 14 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 175 15 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 175 16 competent competent JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 175 17 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 1 However however RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 3 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 4 importance importance NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 5 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 6 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 7 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 8 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 9 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 10 conjugate conjugate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 11 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 12 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 14 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 15 suggests suggest VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 16 that that IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 17 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 18 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 19 elongation elongation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 20 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 21 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 22 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 23 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 24 through through IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 25 destabilization destabilization NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 26 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 27 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 28 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 29 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 30 factories factory NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 31 present present JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 32 within within IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 33 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 34 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 176 35 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 1 In in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 2 summary summary NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 3 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 4 recruitment recruitment NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 5 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 6 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 7 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 8 elongation elongation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 9 complex complex JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 10 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 11 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 12 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 13 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 14 which which WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 15 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 16 normally normally RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 17 involved involve VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 18 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 19 DMV DMV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 20 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 21 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 22 promotes promote VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 23 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 24 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 25 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 26 maintains maintain VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 27 proper proper JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 28 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 29 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 30 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 31 wild wild JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 32 type type NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 33 MW mw NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 177 34 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 178 1 Cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 178 2 culture culture NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 178 3 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 178 4 reagents reagent NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 178 5 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 1 Huh7 Huh7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 2 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 3 Huh7-Lunet Huh7-Lunet NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 4 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 5 stably stably RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 6 expressing express VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 7 Calnexin Calnexin NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 8 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 9 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 10 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 11 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 12 replicon replicon NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 13 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 14 obtained obtain VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 15 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 16 Dr Dr NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 17 Ralf Ralf NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 18 Bartenschlager Bartenschlager NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 179 19 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 1 Huh7-Lunet huh7-lunet NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 2 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 3 stably stably RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 4 expressing express VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 6 T7 t7 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 7 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 9 Huh7-Lunet Huh7-Lunet NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 10 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 11 T7 T7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 13 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 14 obtained obtain VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 15 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 16 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 17 Volker Volker NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 18 Lohmann Lohmann NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 19 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 20 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 21 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 22 Huh7.5 Huh7.5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 23 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 24 line line NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 25 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 26 obtained obtain VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 27 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 28 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 29 Charles Charles NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 30 Rice Rice NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 180 31 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 1 All all DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 2 Huh7-derived Huh7-derived NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 3 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 4 lines line NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 5 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 6 cultured culture VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 7 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 8 Dulbecco Dulbecco NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 9 's 's POS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 10 modified modify VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 11 Eagle Eagle NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 12 's 's POS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 13 medium medium NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 15 DMEM DMEM NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 16 ; ; : cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 17 Gibco Gibco NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 19 supplemented supplement VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 20 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 21 10 10 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 22 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 23 v v NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 24 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 25 v v IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 26 fetal fetal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 27 bovine bovine JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 28 serum serum NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 30 FBS FBS NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 33 Multicell Multicell NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 35 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 36 100 100 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 37 U u NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 38 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 39 ml ml NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 40 penicillin penicillin NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 41 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 42 100 100 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 43 μ μ NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 44 g g NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 45 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 46 ml ml NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 47 streptomycin streptomycin NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 48 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 49 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 50 2 2 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 51 mM mm CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 52 L l NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 53 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 54 glutamine glutamine NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 56 Gibco Gibco NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 58 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 59 37 37 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 60 ° ° NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 61 C c NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 62 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 63 5 5 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 64 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 65 CO co NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 66 2 2 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 67 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 68 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 69 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 70 humidified humidify VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 71 incubator incubator NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 181 72 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 1 Cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 2 lines line NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 3 harboring harbor VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 4 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 5 wild wild JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 6 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 7 type type NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 8 replicon replicon NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 9 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 10 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 11 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 12 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 13 maintained maintain VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 14 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 15 medium medium NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 16 supplemented supplement VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 17 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 18 G418 G418 NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 20 Gibco Gibco NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 22 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 23 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 24 final final JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 25 concentration concentration NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 26 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 27 500 500 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 28 μ μ NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 29 g g NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 30 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 31 ml ml NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 32 . . NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 33 Huh7-Lunet Huh7-Lunet NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 34 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 35 T7 T7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 36 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 37 Huh7-Lunet Huh7-Lunet NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 38 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 39 stably stably RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 40 expressing express VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 41 calnexin calnexin NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 42 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 43 cultured culture VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 44 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 45 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 46 presence presence NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 47 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 48 10 10 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 49 μ μ NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 50 g g NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 51 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 52 ml ml NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 53 blasticidin blasticidin NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 55 In in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 56 vivo vivo NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 57 Gen Gen NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 182 59 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 183 1 Plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 183 2 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 183 3 antibodies antibody NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 183 4 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 2 hATG5 hatg5 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 3 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 4 hATG16L1 hatg16l1 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 5 sequences sequence NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 6 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 7 cloned clone VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 8 into into IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 10 peGFP pegfp CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 11 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 12 C1 c1 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 13 plasmid plasmid NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 15 Clontech Clontech NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 17 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 18 thus thus RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 19 forming form VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 20 pGFP pGFP NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 21 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 22 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 23 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 24 pGFP pgfp NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 25 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 26 ATG16L1 ATG16L1 NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 27 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 28 respectively respectively RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 184 29 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 2 Flag Flag NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 3 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 4 tagged tagged NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 5 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 7 pATG12 pATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 9 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 11 dominant dominant JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 12 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 13 negative negative JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 14 derivative derivative NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 15 pATG12Δ patg12δ NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 16 G140 g140 CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 18 ATG12DN ATG12DN NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 20 constructs construct NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 21 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 22 kindly kindly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 23 provided provide VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 24 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 25 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 26 Adi Adi NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 27 Kimchi Kimchi NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 28 39 39 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 185 29 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 2 PTM PTM NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 3 vector vector NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 4 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 6 expression expression NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 7 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 8 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 9 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 10 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 11 NS3 ns3 RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 12 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 13 5B 5b NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 15 pTM pTM NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 16 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 17 NS3 ns3 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 18 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 19 5B 5b NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 21 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 22 kindly kindly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 23 provided provide VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 24 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 25 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 26 Volker Volker NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 27 Lohmann Lohmann NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 186 28 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 187 1 Rabbit rabbit NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 187 2 polyclonal polyclonal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 187 3 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 187 4 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 187 5 LC3 lc3 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 188 1 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 188 2 rabbit rabbit NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 188 3 polyclonal polyclonal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 188 4 anti anti NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 188 5 - - NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 188 6 ATG5 atg5 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 189 1 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 189 2 mouse mouse NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 189 3 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 189 4 anti anti NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 189 5 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 189 6 Flag flag JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 190 1 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 190 2 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 190 3 mouse mouse VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 190 4 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 190 5 anti anti NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 190 6 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 190 7 β β JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 190 8 -actin -actin NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 190 9 antibodies antibody NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 190 10 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 190 11 purchased purchase VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 190 12 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 190 13 Sigma Sigma NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 190 14 Aldrich Aldrich NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 190 15 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 191 1 Rabbit rabbit NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 191 2 polyclonal polyclonal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 191 3 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 191 4 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 191 5 ATG12 atg12 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 192 1 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 192 2 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 192 3 - - NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 192 4 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 192 5 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 192 6 purchased purchase VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 192 7 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 192 8 Cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 192 9 Signaling Signaling NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 192 10 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 193 1 Rabbit rabbit NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 193 2 polyclonal polyclonal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 193 3 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 193 4 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 193 5 ATG16L1 atg16l1 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 193 6 antibody antibody NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 193 7 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 193 8 purchased purchase VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 193 9 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 193 10 MBL MBL NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 193 11 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 194 1 Mouse mouse NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 194 2 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 194 3 anti anti NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 194 4 - - NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 194 5 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 194 6 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 194 7 purchased purchase VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 194 8 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 194 9 Roche Roche NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 194 10 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 195 1 Mouse mouse NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 195 2 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 195 3 anti anti NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 195 4 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 195 5 NS3 ns3 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 195 6 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 195 7 anti anti NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 195 8 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 195 9 NS5A ns5a JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 195 10 antibodies antibody NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 195 11 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 195 12 purchased purchase VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 195 13 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 195 14 BioFront BioFront NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 195 15 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 196 1 Rabbit rabbit NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 196 2 polyclonal polyclonal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 196 3 anti anti NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 196 4 - - NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 196 5 NS3 ns3 RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 197 1 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 197 2 NS5A NS5A NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 197 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 197 4 obtained obtain VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 197 5 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 197 6 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 197 7 Olivier Olivier NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 197 8 Nicolas Nicolas NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 197 9 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 198 1 Rabbit Rabbit NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 198 2 polyclonal polyclonal NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 199 1 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 199 2 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 199 3 NS4B ns4b JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 199 4 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 199 5 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 199 6 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 199 7 NS5B ns5b JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 199 8 antibodies antibody NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 199 9 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 199 10 kindly kindly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 199 11 provided provide VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 199 12 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 199 13 Drs Drs NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 199 14 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 200 1 Kouacou Kouacou NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 200 2 Konan Konan NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 200 3 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 200 4 Takaji Takaji NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 200 5 Wakita Wakita NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 200 6 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 200 7 respectively respectively RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 200 8 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 201 1 Mouse mouse NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 201 2 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 201 3 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 201 4 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 201 5 GAPDH GAPDH NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 201 6 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 201 7 purchased purchase VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 201 8 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 201 9 Santa Santa NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 201 10 Cruz Cruz NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 201 11 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 2 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 3 culture culture NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 4 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 5 derived derive VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 6 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 8 HCVcc HCVcc NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 10 JFH1 JFH1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 11 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 12 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 13 generated generate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 14 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 15 Huh7 Huh7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 16 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 17 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 18 transfection transfection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 19 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 20 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 21 vitro vitro FW cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 22 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 23 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 24 full full JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 25 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 26 length length NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 27 JFH1 JFH1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 30 MEGAscript MEGAscript NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 31 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 32 Ambion Ambion NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 202 34 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 1 Viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 2 stocks stock NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 4 produced produce VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 5 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 6 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 7 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 8 Huh7 Huh7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 9 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 10 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 11 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 12 multiplicity multiplicity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 13 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 14 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 16 MOI MOI NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 18 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 19 0.01 0.01 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 20 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 21 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 22 described describe VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 23 previously previously RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 24 48 48 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 203 25 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 204 1 A a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 204 2 replicative replicative JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 204 3 bicistronic bicistronic NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 204 4 JFH1-based JFH1-based NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 1 full full JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 2 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 3 genome genome NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 4 construct construct NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 5 expressing express VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 6 Firefly Firefly NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 7 luciferase luciferase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 9 pJFH1 pjfh1 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 10 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 11 Fluc Fluc NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 13 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 14 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 15 clone clone NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 16 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 17 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 18 mutation mutation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 19 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 20 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 21 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 22 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 24 GDD GDD NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 25 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 26 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 27 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 28 GND GND NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 31 pJFH1 pjfh1 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 32 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 33 Fluc Fluc NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 34 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 35 GND GND NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 37 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 38 generated generate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 39 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 40 previously previously RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 41 described describe VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 42 49 49 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 205 43 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 1 To to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 2 reach reach VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 3 90 90 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 4 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 5 infected infected JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 6 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 7 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 8 Huh7 huh7 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 9 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 10 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 11 infected infect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 12 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 13 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 14 MOI MOI NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 15 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 16 0.01 0.01 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 17 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 18 passaged passage VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 19 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 20 7 7 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 21 days day NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 22 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 23 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 24 analyzed analyze VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 25 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 26 immunofluorescence immunofluorescence NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 27 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 28 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 29 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 30 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 31 NS5A ns5a JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 32 antibody antibody NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 206 33 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 207 1 Western western JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 207 2 blot blot NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 207 3 analysis analysis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 207 4 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 1 Cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 2 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 3 lysed lyse VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 4 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 5 300 300 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 6 μ μ NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 7 l l NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 8 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 9 lysis lysis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 10 buffer buffer NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 12 25 25 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 13 mM mm CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 14 Tris Tris NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 15 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 16 HCl HCl NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 17 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 18 150 150 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 19 mM mm CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 20 NaCl nacl NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 21 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 22 1 1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 23 mM mm CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 24 EDTA EDTA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 25 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 26 1 1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 27 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 28 NP40 NP40 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 29 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 30 Complete complete JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 31 protease protease NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 32 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 34 Roche Roche NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 208 37 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 209 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 209 2 lysates lysate NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 209 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 209 4 normalized normalize VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 209 5 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 209 6 total total JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 209 7 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 209 8 content content NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 209 9 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 209 10 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 209 11 BCA BCA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 209 12 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 209 13 assay assay NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 209 14 kit kit NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 209 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 209 16 Pierce Pierce NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 209 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 209 18 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 2 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 4 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 5 resolved resolve VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 6 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 7 SDS SDS NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 8 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 9 PAGE PAGE NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 10 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 11 transferred transfer VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 12 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 13 polyvinylidene polyvinylidene NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 14 fluoride fluoride NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 16 PVDF PVDF NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 18 membranes membrane NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 20 Bio Bio NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 21 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 22 Rad Rad NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 24 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 25 blocked block VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 26 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 27 30 30 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 28 min min NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 29 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 30 room room NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 31 temperature temperature NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 33 RT RT NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 35 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 36 PBS-5 PBS-5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 37 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 38 milk milk NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 39 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 40 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 41 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 42 incubated incubate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 43 overnight overnight RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 44 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 45 4 4 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 46 ° ° NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 47 C c NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 48 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 49 primary primary JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 50 antibody antibody NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 51 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 52 PBS-2 PBS-2 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 53 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 54 BSA BSA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 210 55 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 1 After after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 2 being be VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 3 washed wash VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 4 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 5 0.4 0.4 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 6 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 7 Tween Tween NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 8 20 20 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 9 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 10 PBS PBS NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 12 PBST PBST NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 14 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 15 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 16 membranes membrane NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 17 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 18 incubated incubate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 19 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 20 1 1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 21 h h NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 22 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 23 RT RT NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 24 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 25 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 26 goat goat NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 27 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 28 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 29 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 30 rabbit rabbit JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 31 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 32 goat goat NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 33 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 34 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 35 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 36 mouse mouse JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 37 IgG igg NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 38 conjugated conjugate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 39 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 40 horseradish horseradish NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 41 peroxidase peroxidase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 42 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 43 PBS-5 PBS-5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 44 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 45 milk milk NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 211 46 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 1 Protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 2 bands band NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 4 visualized visualize VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 5 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 6 either either CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 7 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 8 Clarity clarity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 9 western western JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 10 ECL ECL NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 12 Bio Bio NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 13 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 14 Rad Rad NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 16 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 17 Femto Femto NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 18 chemiluminescence chemiluminescence NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 19 substrates substrate NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 21 Pierce Pierce NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 212 23 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 213 1 Purification purification NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 213 2 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 213 3 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 213 4 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 213 5 induced induce VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 213 6 MW MW NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 213 7 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 214 1 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 214 2 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 214 3 remodeled remodel VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 214 4 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 214 5 purification purification NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 214 6 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 214 7 performed perform VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 214 8 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 214 9 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 214 10 method method NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 214 11 adopted adopt VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 214 12 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 214 13 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 214 14 previously previously RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 214 15 described describe VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 214 16 protocol protocol NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 214 17 42 42 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 214 18 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 1 Briefly briefly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 3 7.5 7.5 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 4 × × NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 5 10 10 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 6 7 7 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 7 Huh7-Lunet Huh7-Lunet NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 8 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 9 harboring harbor VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 10 either either CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 11 wild wild JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 12 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 13 type type NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 14 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 15 HA ha NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 16 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 17 tagged tag VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 18 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 19 replicons replicon NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 20 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 21 control control NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 22 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 23 stably stably RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 24 overexpressing overexpresse VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 25 CANX CANX NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 26 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 27 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 28 washed wash VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 29 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 30 scraped scrape VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 31 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 32 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 33 resuspended resuspend VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 34 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 35 500 500 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 36 μ μ NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 37 l l NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 38 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 39 hypotonic hypotonic JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 40 buffer buffer NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 41 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 42 incubated incubate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 43 on on IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 44 ice ice NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 45 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 46 30 30 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 47 min min NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 215 48 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 216 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 216 2 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 216 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 216 4 lysed lyse VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 216 5 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 216 6 50 50 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 216 7 strokes stroke NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 216 8 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 216 9 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 216 10 Dounce Dounce NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 216 11 homogenizer homogenizer NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 216 12 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 217 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 217 2 lysates lysate NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 217 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 217 4 centrifuged centrifuge VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 217 5 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 217 6 800× 800× CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 217 7 g g NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 217 8 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 217 9 10 10 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 217 10 min min NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 217 11 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 217 12 4 4 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 217 13 ° ° NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 217 14 C c NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 217 15 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 1 Supernatants supernatant NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 2 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 3 collected collect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 4 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 5 layered layer VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 6 on on IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 7 top top NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 8 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 9 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 10 discontinuous discontinuous JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 11 sucrose sucrose NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 12 gradient gradient NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 14 70 70 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 15 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 16 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 17 30 30 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 18 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 20 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 21 centrifuged centrifuge VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 22 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 23 130,000× 130,000× CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 24 g g NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 25 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 26 4 4 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 27 h h NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 28 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 29 4 4 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 30 ° ° NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 31 C c NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 32 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 33 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 34 SW60i sw60i JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 35 rotor rotor NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 37 Beckman Beckman NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 38 Coulter Coulter NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 218 40 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 1 Ten ten CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 2 fractions fraction NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 4 collected collect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 5 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 6 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 7 bottom bottom NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 9 300 300 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 10 μ μ NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 11 l l NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 12 each each DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 14 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 15 analyzed analyze VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 16 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 17 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 18 content content NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 219 19 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 1 For for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 2 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 3 affinity affinity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 4 capture capture NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 5 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 6 fractions fraction NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 7 3 3 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 8 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 9 7 7 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 10 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 11 pooled pool VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 12 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 13 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 14 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 15 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 16 equal equal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 17 amount amount NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 18 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 19 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 20 contained contain VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 21 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 22 pooled pool VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 23 fractions fraction NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 24 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 25 equilibrated equilibrate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 26 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 27 150 150 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 28 mM mm CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 29 NaCl nacl NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 220 30 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 221 1 Incubation incubation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 221 2 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 221 3 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 221 4 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 221 5 agarose agarose VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 221 6 beads bead NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 221 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 221 8 Sigma Sigma NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 221 9 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 221 10 Aldrich Aldrich NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 221 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 221 12 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 221 13 performed perform VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 221 14 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 221 15 previously previously RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 221 16 described describe VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 221 17 42 42 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 221 18 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 222 1 Membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 222 2 visualization visualization NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 222 3 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 222 4 transmission transmission NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 222 5 electron electron NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 222 6 microscopy microscopy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 222 7 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 1 To to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 2 examine examine VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 3 purified purify VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 4 membranes membrane NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 5 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 6 50 50 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 7 μ μ NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 8 l l NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 9 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 10 eluted eluted NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 11 material material NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 12 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 13 centrifuged centrifuge VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 14 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 15 10 10 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 16 p.s.i p.s.i NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 17 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 18 on on IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 19 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 20 copper copper NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 21 grid grid NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 22 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 23 5 5 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 24 min min NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 25 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 26 RT RT NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 27 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 28 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 29 Airfuge Airfuge NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 31 Beckman Beckman NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 223 33 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 1 Structures structure NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 2 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 3 negatively negatively RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 4 stained stain VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 5 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 6 2 2 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 7 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 8 aqueous aqueous JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 9 uranyl uranyl NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 10 acetate acetate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 11 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 12 30 30 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 13 sec sec NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 14 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 15 examined examine VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 16 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 17 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 18 H-7100 H-7100 NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 20 Hitachi Hitachi NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 22 transmission transmission NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 23 electron electron NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 24 microscope microscope NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 224 25 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 225 1 Quantification quantification NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 225 2 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 225 3 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 225 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 225 5 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 225 6 RT RT NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 225 7 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 225 8 qPCR qPCR NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 225 9 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 226 1 Isolated Isolated NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 226 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 226 3 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 226 4 reverse reverse NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 226 5 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 226 6 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 226 7 M M NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 226 8 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 226 9 MLV MLV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 226 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 226 11 Invitrogen Invitrogen NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 226 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 226 13 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 227 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 227 2 generated generate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 227 3 cDNA cdna NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 227 4 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 227 5 used use VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 227 6 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 227 7 qPCR qpcr FW cord-002369-shk4n8f6 227 8 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 227 9 Taqman Taqman NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 227 10 probes probe NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 227 11 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 227 12 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 227 13 previously previously RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 227 14 described describe VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 227 15 50 50 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 227 16 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 228 1 Results result NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 228 2 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 228 3 analyzed analyze VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 228 4 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 228 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 228 6 comparative comparative JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 228 7 Δ Δ NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 228 8 Ct Ct NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 228 9 method method NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 228 10 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 229 1 Small small JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 229 2 interfering interfere VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 229 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 229 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 229 5 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 229 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 229 7 transfection transfection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 229 8 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 1 Huh7 huh7 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 2 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 4 reverse reverse JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 5 transfected transfecte VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 6 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 7 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 8 24-well 24-well CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 9 plate plate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 10 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 11 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 13 25 25 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 14 nM nm CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 15 final final JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 16 concentration concentration NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 18 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 19 Lipofectamine Lipofectamine NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 20 RNAiMAX rnaimax NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 21 reagent reagent NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 23 Life Life NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 24 Technologies Technologies NNPS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 26 according accord VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 27 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 28 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 29 manufacturer manufacturer NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 30 's 's POS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 31 protocol protocol NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 230 32 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 1 Huh7 huh7 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 2 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 4 transfected transfecte VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 5 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 6 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 7 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 8 GFP GFP NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 9 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 10 LC3B LC3B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 11 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 13 UACCUGUAUACGUUAGUGAAAUU UACCUGUAUACGUUAGUGAAAUU NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 15 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 16 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 17 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 18 ON ON NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 19 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 20 TARGETplus targetplus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 21 human human NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 22 ATG7 ATG7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 23 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 24 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 25 SMART smart JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 26 pool pool NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 28 catalog catalog NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 29 no no UH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 231 30 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 232 1 L-020112 L-020112 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 232 2 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 232 3 00 00 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 232 4 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 232 5 0005 0005 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 232 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 232 7 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 1 To to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 2 study study VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 3 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 4 onset onset NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 5 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 6 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 7 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 8 Huh7.5 huh7.5 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 9 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 10 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 11 reverse reverse JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 12 transfected transfecte VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 13 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 14 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 15 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 16 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 17 described describe VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 18 above above RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 19 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 20 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 21 6-well 6-well CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 22 plates plate NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 233 23 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 1 Forty forty CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 2 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 3 eight eight CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 4 hours hour NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 5 later later RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 6 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 7 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 8 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 9 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 10 trypsinized trypsinize VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 11 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 12 washed wash VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 13 twice twice RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 14 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 15 cold cold JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 16 PBS PBS NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 17 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 18 resuspended resuspend VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 19 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 20 100 100 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 21 μ μ NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 22 l l NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 23 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 24 cold cold JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 25 Ingenio Ingenio NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 26 electroporation electroporation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 27 solution solution NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 29 Mirus Mirus NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 31 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 32 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 33 electroporated electroporate VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 34 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 35 5 5 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 36 μg μg NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 37 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 38 in in FW cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 39 vitro vitro FW cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 40 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 41 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 42 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 43 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 45 JFH1 JFH1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 46 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 47 Fluc Fluc NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 48 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 49 JFH1 JFH1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 50 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 51 Fluc Fluc NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 52 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 53 GND GND NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 234 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 1 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 2 2 2 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 3 mm mm NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 4 gap gap NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 5 electroporation electroporation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 6 cuvettes cuvette NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 7 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 8 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 9 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 10 BTX BTX NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 11 Harvard Harvard NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 12 Apparatus Apparatus NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 13 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 14 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 15 following follow VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 16 settings setting NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 17 : : : cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 18 820 820 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 19 V v NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 20 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 21 99 99 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 22 μ μ NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 23 S S NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 24 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 25 4 4 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 26 pulses pulse NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 27 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 28 1.1 1.1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 29 s s POS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 30 interval interval NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 235 31 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 2 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 4 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 5 resuspended resuspend VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 6 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 7 DMEM-10 DMEM-10 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 8 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 9 FBS FBS NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 10 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 11 seeded seed VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 12 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 13 96-well 96-well CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 14 plates plate NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 15 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 16 further further RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 17 cultured cultured JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 18 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 19 24 24 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 236 20 h. h. NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 2 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 4 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 5 lysed lyse VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 6 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 7 20 20 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 8 μ μ NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 9 l l NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 10 luciferase luciferase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 11 lysis lysis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 12 buffer buffer NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 14 RLB RLB NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 16 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 17 stored store VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 18 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 19 − − CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 20 80 80 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 21 ° ° NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 22 C c NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 23 until until IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 24 measurement measurement NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 25 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 26 luciferase luciferase JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 27 activity activity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 237 28 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 1 For for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 2 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 3 determination determination NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 4 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 5 intra intra NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 6 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 7 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 8 extracellular extracellular JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 9 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 10 titers titer NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 11 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 12 JFH1-infected JFH1-infected NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 13 Huh7 Huh7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 14 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 15 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 16 reverse reverse JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 17 transfected transfecte VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 18 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 19 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 20 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 21 6-well 6-well CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 22 plates plate NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 238 23 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 239 1 Two two CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 239 2 days day NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 239 3 later later RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 239 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 239 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 239 6 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 239 7 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 239 8 washed wash VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 239 9 three three CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 239 10 times time NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 239 11 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 239 12 PBS PBS NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 239 13 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 239 14 supplemented supplement VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 239 15 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 239 16 fresh fresh JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 239 17 DMEM DMEM NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 239 18 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 240 1 After after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 240 2 24 24 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 240 3 h h NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 240 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 240 5 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 240 6 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 240 7 supernatants supernatant NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 240 8 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 240 9 harvested harvest VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 240 10 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 2 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 4 washed wash VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 5 twice twice RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 6 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 7 PBS PBS NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 8 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 9 trypsinized trypsinize VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 10 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 11 resuspended resuspend VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 12 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 13 1 1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 14 ml ml NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 15 culture culture NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 16 medium medium NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 17 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 18 subjected subject VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 19 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 20 3 3 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 21 rapid rapid JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 22 freeze freeze NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 23 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 24 thaw thaw VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 25 cycles cycle NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 26 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 27 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 28 dry dry JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 29 ice ice NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 30 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 31 ethanol ethanol NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 32 bath bath NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 33 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 34 37 37 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 35 ° ° NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 36 C c NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 37 water water NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 38 bath bath NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 39 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 40 respectively respectively RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 241 41 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 242 1 Cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 242 2 debris debris NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 242 3 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 242 4 removed remove VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 242 5 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 242 6 centrifugation centrifugation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 242 7 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 242 8 10,000 10,000 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 242 9 rpm rpm NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 242 10 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 242 11 3 3 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 242 12 minutes minute NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 242 13 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 243 1 Samples sample NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 243 2 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 243 3 analyzed analyze VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 243 4 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 243 5 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 243 6 limiting limit VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 243 7 dilution dilution NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 243 8 assay assay NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 243 9 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 244 1 Production production NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 244 2 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 244 3 HCVpp HCVpp NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 244 4 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 244 5 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 244 6 entry entry NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 244 7 assay assay NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 244 8 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 1 Viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 2 pseudotyped pseudotyped NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 3 particles particle NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 4 harboring harbor VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 6 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 7 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 9 HCVpp hcvpp NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 11 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 12 produced produce VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 13 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 14 transfection transfection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 15 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 16 Hek-293 Hek-293 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 17 T T NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 18 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 19 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 20 vectors vector NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 21 encoding encode VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 22 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 23 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 24 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 25 packaging packaging NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 26 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 27 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 28 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 29 Luciferase Luciferase NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 30 marker marker NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 245 31 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 1 After after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 2 48 48 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 3 h h NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 5 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 6 pseudoparticle pseudoparticle NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 7 supernatants supernatant NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 8 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 9 harvested harvest VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 10 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 11 filtered filter VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 12 through through IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 13 45-μ 45-μ CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 14 M M NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 15 filters filter NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 16 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 17 remove remove VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 18 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 19 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 20 debris debris NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 246 21 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 247 1 For for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 247 2 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 247 3 entry entry NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 247 4 assay assay NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 247 5 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 247 6 Huh7.5 huh7.5 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 247 7 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 247 8 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 247 9 reverse reverse JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 247 10 transfected transfecte VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 247 11 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 247 12 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 247 13 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 247 14 96-well 96-well CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 247 15 plates plate NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 247 16 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 248 1 After after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 248 2 48 48 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 248 3 h h NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 248 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 248 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 248 6 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 248 7 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 248 8 infected infect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 248 9 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 248 10 50 50 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 248 11 μ μ NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 248 12 l l NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 248 13 HCVpp HCVpp NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 248 14 containing contain VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 248 15 supernatant supernatant JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 248 16 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 1 Forty forty CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 2 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 3 eight eight CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 4 hours hour NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 5 post post NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 6 - - NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 7 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 8 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 10 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 11 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 12 washed wash VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 13 three three CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 14 times time NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 15 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 16 PBS PBS NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 17 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 18 lysed lyse VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 19 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 20 20 20 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 21 μ μ NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 22 l l NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 23 luciferase luciferase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 24 lysis lysis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 25 buffer buffer NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 27 RLB RLB NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 29 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 30 stored store VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 31 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 32 − − CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 33 80 80 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 34 ° ° NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 35 C c NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 36 until until IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 37 measurement measurement NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 38 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 39 luciferase luciferase JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 40 activity activity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 249 41 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 250 1 Luciferase luciferase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 250 2 assay assay NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 250 3 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 1 Cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 2 lysates lysate NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 4 prepared prepare VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 5 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 6 Reporter reporter NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 7 Lysis lysis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 8 Buffer buffer NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 10 RLB rlb NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 13 Promega Promega NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 15 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 16 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 17 luciferase luciferase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 18 activity activity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 19 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 20 measured measure VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 21 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 22 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 23 luciferase luciferase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 24 assay assay NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 25 system system NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 27 Promega Promega NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 29 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 30 per per IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 31 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 32 manufacturer manufacturer NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 33 's 's POS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 34 protocol protocol NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 251 35 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 1 For for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 2 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 3 immunofluorescence immunofluorescence NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 4 experiment experiment NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 5 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 6 Huh7-Lunet Huh7-Lunet NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 7 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 8 T7 t7 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 9 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 10 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 11 reverse reverse RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 12 transfected transfecte VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 13 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 14 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 15 as as IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 16 previously previously RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 17 described describe VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 18 43 43 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 252 19 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 253 1 Forty forty CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 253 2 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 253 3 eight eight CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 253 4 hours hour NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 253 5 later later RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 253 6 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 253 7 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 253 8 second second JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 253 9 round round NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 253 10 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 253 11 transfection transfection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 253 12 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 253 13 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 253 14 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 253 15 performed perform VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 253 16 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 1 After after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 2 48 48 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 3 h h NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 5 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 6 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 7 transfected transfecte VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 8 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 9 pTM pTM NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 10 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 11 NS3 ns3 RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 12 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 13 5B 5b NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 14 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 15 Lipofectamine Lipofectamine NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 16 3000 3000 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 18 Invitrogen Invitrogen NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 254 20 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 2 coverslips coverslip NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 4 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 5 fixed fix VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 6 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 7 4 4 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 8 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 9 formaldehyde formaldehyde NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 10 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 11 PBS PBS NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 12 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 13 10 10 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 14 min min NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 15 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 16 washed wash VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 17 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 18 PBS PBS NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 19 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 20 incubated incubate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 21 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 22 blocking block VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 23 buffer buffer NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 25 PBS PBS NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 26 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 27 3 3 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 28 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 29 bovine bovine JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 30 serum serum NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 31 albumin albumin NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 32 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 33 10 10 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 34 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 35 FBS FBS NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 36 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 37 0.1 0.1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 38 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 39 Triton Triton NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 40 X-100 x-100 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 42 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 43 30 30 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 44 min min NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 45 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 46 RT RT NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 255 47 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 1 After after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 2 being be VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 3 washed wash VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 4 three three CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 5 times time NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 6 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 7 PBS PBS NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 8 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 10 coverslips coverslip NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 11 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 12 incubated incubate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 13 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 14 primary primary JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 15 antibody antibody NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 16 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 17 blocking block VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 18 buffer buffer NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 19 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 20 1 1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 21 h h NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 22 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 23 RT RT NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 256 24 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 1 Then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 2 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 3 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 4 coverslips coverslip NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 5 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 6 washed wash VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 7 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 8 PBS PBS NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 9 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 10 incubated incubate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 11 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 12 either either CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 13 Alexa Alexa NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 14 Fluor Fluor NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 15 ™ ™ NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 16 -(488 -(488 NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 17 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 18 568 568 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 257 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 258 1 goat goat NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 258 2 anti anti NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 258 3 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 258 4 mouse mouse JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 258 5 IgG igg NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 258 6 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 258 7 Alexa Alexa NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 258 8 Fluor Fluor NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 258 9 ™ ™ NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 258 10 -(488 -(488 NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 258 11 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 258 12 568 568 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 258 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 259 1 goat goat NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 259 2 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 259 3 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 259 4 rabbit rabbit JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 259 5 IgG igg NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 259 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 259 7 Invitrogen Invitrogen NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 259 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 259 9 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 259 10 1 1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 259 11 h h NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 259 12 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 259 13 RT RT NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 259 14 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 260 1 After after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 260 2 being be VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 260 3 washed wash VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 260 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 260 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 260 6 coverslips coverslip NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 260 7 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 260 8 mounted mount VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 260 9 on on IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 260 10 glass glass NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 260 11 slides slide NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 260 12 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 260 13 Prolong Prolong NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 260 14 ™ ™ NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 260 15 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 261 1 Antifade Antifade NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 261 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 261 3 Invitrogen Invitrogen NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 261 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 261 5 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 261 6 examined examine VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 261 7 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 261 8 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 261 9 laser laser NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 261 10 scanning scanning NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 261 11 confocal confocal JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 261 12 Zeiss Zeiss NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 261 13 LSM LSM NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 261 14 780 780 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 261 15 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 1 For for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 2 TEM tem NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 3 analysis analysis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 5 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 6 similar similar JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 7 setup setup NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 8 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 9 used use VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 10 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 11 except except IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 12 that that DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 13 after after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 14 transfection transfection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 15 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 16 pTM pTM NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 17 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 18 NS3 ns3 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 19 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 20 5B 5b NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 21 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 22 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 23 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 24 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 25 trypsinized trypsinize VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 26 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 27 seeded seed VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 28 into into IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 29 lab lab NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 30 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 31 tek tek NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 32 chamber chamber NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 33 slides slide NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 35 Thermo Thermo NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 36 Fisher Fisher NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 262 38 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 1 After after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 2 24 24 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 3 h h NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 4 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 6 monolayer monolayer NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 7 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 8 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 9 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 10 washed wash VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 11 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 12 PBS PBS NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 13 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 14 fixed fix VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 15 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 16 2.5 2.5 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 17 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 18 glutaraldehyde glutaraldehyde NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 20 Electron Electron NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 21 Microscopy Microscopy NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 22 Science Science NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 24 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 25 incubated incubate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 26 overnight overnight RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 27 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 28 4 4 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 29 ° ° NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 30 C c NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 263 31 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 2 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 4 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 5 washed wash VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 6 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 7 0.1 0.1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 8 M m NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 9 cacodylate cacodylate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 11 Electron Electron NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 12 Microscopy Microscopy NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 13 Science Science NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 15 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 16 incubated incubate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 17 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 18 1 1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 19 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 20 osmium osmium NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 21 tetroxide tetroxide NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 23 Mecalab Mecalab NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 25 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 26 1 1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 27 h h NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 28 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 29 4 4 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 30 ° ° NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 31 C c NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 264 32 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 2 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 4 dehydrated dehydrate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 5 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 6 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 7 graded grade VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 8 series series NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 9 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 10 ethanol ethanol NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 11 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 12 deionized deionize VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 13 water water NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 14 solutions solution NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 16 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 17 50 50 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 18 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 19 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 20 100 100 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 21 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 265 23 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 2 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 4 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 5 infiltrated infiltrate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 6 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 7 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 8 1:1 1:1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 9 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 10 3:1 3:1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 11 Epon Epon NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 12 812 812 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 13 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 14 1 1 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 15 h h NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 16 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 17 embedding embed VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 18 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 19 polymerized polymerize VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 20 overnight overnight RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 21 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 22 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 23 oven oven NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 24 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 25 60 60 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 26 ° ° NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 27 C c NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 266 28 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 2 polymerized polymerize VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 3 blocks block NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 4 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 5 trimmed trim VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 6 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 7 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 8 100 100 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 9 nm nm NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 10 ultrathin ultrathin JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 11 sections section NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 12 cut cut VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 13 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 14 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 15 UltraCut UltraCut NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 16 E e NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 17 ultramicrotome ultramicrotome NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 19 Reichert Reichert NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 20 Jung Jung NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 22 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 23 transferred transfer VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 24 onto onto IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 25 200-mesh 200-mesh CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 26 copper copper NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 27 grids grid NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 29 Electron Electron NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 30 Microscopy Microscopy NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 31 Science Science NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 33 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 34 formvar formvar NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 35 support support NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 36 film film NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 267 37 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 2 sections section NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 4 stained stain VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 5 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 6 4 4 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 7 % % NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 8 uranyl uranyl NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 9 acetate acetate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 11 Electron Electron NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 12 Microscopy Microscopy NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 13 Science Science NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 15 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 16 8 8 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 17 min min NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 18 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 19 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 20 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 21 lead lead JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 22 citrate citrate NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 23 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 24 5 5 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 25 min min NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 27 Fisher Fisher NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 28 scientific scientific JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 268 30 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 2 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 3 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 4 imaged image VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 5 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 6 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 7 FEI FEI NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 8 Tecnai Tecnai NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 9 12 12 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 10 transmission transmission NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 11 electron electron NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 12 microscope microscope NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 14 FEI FEI NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 15 company company NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 17 operating operate VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 18 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 19 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 20 accelerating accelerate VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 21 voltage voltage NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 22 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 23 120 120 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 24 kV kV NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 25 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 26 equipped equip VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 27 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 28 an an DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 29 AMT AMT NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 30 XR80C xr80c NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 31 CCD ccd NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 32 camera camera NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 269 33 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 270 1 Vesicle Vesicle NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 270 2 size size NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 270 3 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 270 4 measured measure VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 270 5 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 270 6 Image Image NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 270 7 J J NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 270 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 270 9 NIH NIH NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 270 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 270 11 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 271 1 Cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 271 2 viability viability NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 271 3 assay assay NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 271 4 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 1 Cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 2 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 3 reverse reverse RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 4 transfected transfecte VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 5 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 6 different different JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 7 siRNAs sirna NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 8 used use VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 9 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 10 this this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 11 study study NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 12 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 13 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 14 96-well 96-well CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 15 plate plate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 16 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 17 48 48 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 18 h. h. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 19 Cell Cell NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 20 viability viability NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 21 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 22 then then RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 23 assayed assay VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 24 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 25 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 26 CellTiter CellTiter NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 27 96 96 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 28 ® ® JJS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 29 AQueous AQueous NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 30 Non Non NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 31 - - NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 32 Radioactive radioactive JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 33 Cell Cell NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 34 Proliferation Proliferation NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 35 Assay Assay NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 36 reagent reagent NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 38 Promega Promega NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 272 40 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 273 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 273 2 results result NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 273 3 shown show VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 273 4 represent represent VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 273 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 273 6 mean mean NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 273 7 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 273 8 at at RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 273 9 least least RBS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 273 10 three three CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 273 11 independent independent JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 273 12 experiments experiment NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 273 13 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 1 Student's Student's NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 2 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 3 t t NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 4 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 5 test test NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 6 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 7 one one CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 8 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 9 way way NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 10 ANOVA anova NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 11 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 12 Dunnett Dunnett NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 13 's 's POS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 14 post post JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 15 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 16 test test JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 18 as as RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 19 indicated indicate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 20 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 21 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 22 figure figure NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 23 legends legend NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 25 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 26 performed perform VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 27 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 28 GraphPad GraphPad NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 29 Prism Prism NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 30 5 5 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 274 31 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 275 1 P p NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 275 2 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 275 3 values value NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 275 4 below below IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 275 5 0.05 0.05 CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 275 6 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 275 7 considered consider VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 275 8 statistically statistically RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 275 9 significant significant JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 275 10 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 1 Development development NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 2 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 3 novel novel JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 4 treatments treatment NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 5 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 6 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 7 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 8 Replication Replication NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 9 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 10 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 11 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 12 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 13 Identification identification NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 14 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 15 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 16 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 17 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 18 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 20 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 21 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 22 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 23 Huh-7 Huh-7 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 24 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 25 harboring harbor VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 26 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 27 replicons replicons NNPS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 28 Expression Expression NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 29 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 30 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 31 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 32 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 33 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 34 induces induce VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 35 distinct distinct JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 36 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 37 alterations alteration NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 38 including include VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 39 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 40 candidate candidate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 41 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 42 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 43 complex complex JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 44 SARS SARS NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 45 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 46 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 47 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 48 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 49 supported support VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 50 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 51 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 52 reticulovesicular reticulovesicular JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 53 network network NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 54 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 55 modified modify VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 56 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 57 reticulum reticulum NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 58 MERS MERS NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 59 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 60 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 61 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 62 induces induce VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 63 severe severe JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 64 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 65 vitro vitro FW cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 66 cytopathology cytopathology NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 67 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 68 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 69 strongly strongly RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 70 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 71 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 72 cyclosporin cyclosporin NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 73 A a NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 74 or or CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 75 interferon interferon NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 76 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 77 α α NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 78 treatment treatment NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 79 Three three CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 80 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 81 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 82 architecture architecture NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 83 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 84 biogenesis biogenesis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 85 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 86 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 87 structures structure NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 88 associated associate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 89 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 90 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 91 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 92 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 93 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 94 Qualitative qualitative JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 95 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 96 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 97 ultrastructural ultrastructural JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 98 analysis analysis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 99 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 100 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 101 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 102 rearrangements rearrangement NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 103 induced induce VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 104 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 105 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 106 Replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 107 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 108 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 109 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 110 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 111 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 112 on on IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 113 autophagosomal autophagosomal NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 114 membranes membrane NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 115 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 116 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 117 immunity immunity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 118 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 276 119 inflammation inflammation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 2 Atg16L Atg16L NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 3 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 4 specifies specify VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 6 site site NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 7 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 8 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 9 lipidation lipidation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 10 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 11 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 12 biogenesis biogenesis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 13 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 14 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 15 Subversion subversion NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 16 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 17 cellular cellular JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 18 autophagosomal autophagosomal NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 19 machinery machinery NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 20 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 277 22 viruses virus NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 278 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 278 2 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 278 3 involved involve VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 278 4 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 278 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 278 6 early early JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 278 7 step step NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 278 8 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 278 9 Japanese japanese JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 278 10 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 278 11 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 278 12 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 279 1 Flavivirus Flavivirus NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 1 NS4A ns4a RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 2 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 3 induced induce VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 4 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 5 protects protect VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 6 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 7 against against IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 8 death death NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 9 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 10 enhances enhance VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 11 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 12 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 13 Dengue dengue NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 14 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 15 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 16 induced induce VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 17 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 18 regulates regulate VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 19 lipid lipid NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 280 20 metabolism metabolism NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 281 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 281 2 sustains sustain VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 281 3 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 281 4 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 281 5 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 281 6 porcine porcine JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 281 7 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 281 8 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 281 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 281 10 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 281 11 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 281 12 host host NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 281 13 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 1 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 2 induces induce VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 3 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 4 expression expression NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 5 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 6 Rubicon Rubicon NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 7 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 8 UVRAG UVRAG NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 9 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 10 temporally temporally RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 11 regulate regulate VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 12 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 13 maturation maturation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 14 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 15 autophagosomes autophagosome NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 16 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 17 viral viral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 18 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 19 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 20 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 282 21 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 283 1 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 283 2 AKT akt NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 283 3 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 283 4 tuberous tuberous JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 283 5 sclerosis sclerosis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 283 6 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 283 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 283 8 TSC TSC NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 283 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 283 10 , , . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 1 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 2 mechanistic mechanistic JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 3 target target NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 4 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 5 rapamycin rapamycin NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 7 MTOR MTOR NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 9 pathway pathway NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 10 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 11 through through IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 12 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 13 reticulum reticulum NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 14 stress stress NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 15 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 16 induce induce VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 17 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 18 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 19 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 20 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 21 genotype genotype NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 22 1a 1a CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 23 growth growth NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 24 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 25 induction induction NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 26 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 27 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 28 Persistent persistent JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 29 expression expression NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 30 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 31 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 32 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 33 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 34 non non JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 35 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 36 structural structural JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 37 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 38 leads lead VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 39 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 40 increased increase VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 41 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 42 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 43 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 44 injury injury NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 45 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 46 human human JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 47 hepatoma hepatoma NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 48 cells cell VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 49 Changes change NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 50 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 51 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 52 response response NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 53 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 54 patients patient NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 55 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 56 chronic chronic JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 57 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 58 C c NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 59 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 60 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 61 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 62 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 63 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 64 induces induce VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 65 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 66 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 67 translocation translocation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 68 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 69 Parkin Parkin NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 70 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 71 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 72 mitophagy mitophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 73 Induction Induction NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 74 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 75 incomplete incomplete JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 76 autophagic autophagic NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 77 response response NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 78 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 79 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 80 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 81 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 82 via via IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 83 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 84 unfolded unfolded JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 85 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 86 response response NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 87 Activation activation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 88 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 89 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 90 unfolded unfolded JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 91 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 92 response response NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 93 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 94 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 95 after after IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 96 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 97 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 98 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 99 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 100 suppresses suppress VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 101 innate innate JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 102 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 103 immunity immunity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 104 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 105 vitro vitro FW cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 106 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 284 107 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 1 selectively selectively RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 2 impairs impair VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 3 type type NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 4 I -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 5 but but CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 6 not not RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 7 type type NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 8 III III NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 9 IFN IFN NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 10 signaling signal VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 11 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 12 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 13 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 14 core core NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 15 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 16 activates activate VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 17 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 18 through through IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 19 EIF2AK3 EIF2AK3 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 20 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 21 ATF6 ATF6 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 22 UPR UPR NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 23 pathway pathway NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 24 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 25 mediated mediate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 26 MAP1LC3B map1lc3b NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 27 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 28 ATG12 atg12 JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 285 29 expression expression NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 1 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 2 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 3 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 4 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 5 induced induce VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 6 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 7 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 8 independent independent JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 9 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 10 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 11 unfolded unfolded JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 12 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 13 response response NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 14 IRGM IRGM NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 15 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 16 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 17 common common JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 18 target target NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 19 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 21 viruses virus NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 22 that that WDT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 23 subvert subvert VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 24 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 25 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 26 network network NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 27 Knockdown Knockdown NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 28 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 29 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 30 enhances enhance VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 31 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 32 innate innate JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 33 immune immune JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 34 response response NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 35 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 36 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 37 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 38 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 39 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 40 infected infect VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 286 41 hepatocytes hepatocyte NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 3 machinery machinery NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 4 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 5 required require VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 6 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 7 initiate initiate VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 8 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 9 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 10 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 11 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 12 Knockdown Knockdown NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 13 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 14 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 15 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 16 related relate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 17 gene gene NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 18 decreases decrease VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 19 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 20 production production NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 21 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 22 infectious infectious JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 23 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 24 C c NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 25 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 26 particles particle VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 27 Dissection dissection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 28 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 29 autophagosome autophagosome JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 30 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 31 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 32 Apg5-deficient Apg5-deficient NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 33 mouse mouse NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 34 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 35 stem stem NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 36 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 37 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 38 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 39 ATG5 ATG5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 40 interacts interact VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 41 transiently transiently RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 42 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 43 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 44 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 45 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 46 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 47 RNA rna NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 48 polymerase polymerase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 50 NS5B ns5b UH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 52 early early RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 53 during during IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 54 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 55 Mouse Mouse NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 56 Apg16L Apg16L NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 57 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 58 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 59 novel novel NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 60 WD WD NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 61 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 62 repeat repeat NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 63 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 64 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 65 targets target NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 66 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 67 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 68 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 69 isolation isolation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 70 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 71 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 72 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 73 Apg12-Apg5 Apg12-Apg5 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 74 conjugate conjugate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 75 Generation generation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 76 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 77 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 78 lines line NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 79 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 80 tetracycline tetracycline NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 81 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 82 regulated regulate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 83 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 84 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 85 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 86 role role NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 87 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 88 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 89 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 90 controlling control VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 91 cell cell NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 92 size size NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 93 Molecular molecular JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 94 mechanism mechanism NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 95 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 96 autophagic autophagic NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 97 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 98 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 99 scaffold scaffold NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 100 assembly assembly NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 101 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 102 disassembly disassembly NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 103 Formation Formation NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 104 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 105 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 106 approximately approximately RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 107 350-kDa 350-kda CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 108 Apg12-Apg5.Apg16 Apg12-Apg5.Apg16 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 109 multimeric multimeric NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 110 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 111 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 112 mediated mediate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 113 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 114 Apg16 Apg16 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 115 oligomerization oligomerization NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 116 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 117 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 118 essential essential JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 119 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 120 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 121 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 287 122 yeast yeast NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 2 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 3 protein protein NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 4 Atg12 Atg12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 5 associates associate NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 6 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 7 antiapoptotic antiapoptotic NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 8 Bcl-2 Bcl-2 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 9 family family NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 10 members member NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 11 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 12 promote promote VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 13 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 14 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 15 Methods method NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 16 in in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 17 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 18 autophagy autophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 19 research research NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 20 Characterization characterization NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 21 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 22 autophagosome autophagosome JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 23 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 24 site site NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 25 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 26 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 27 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 28 analysis analysis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 29 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 30 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 31 Atg Atg NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 32 proteins protein NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 33 Morphological morphological JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 34 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 35 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 36 characterization characterization NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 37 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 38 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 39 membranous membranous JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 40 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 41 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 42 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 43 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 44 compartment compartment NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 45 Recruitment Recruitment NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 46 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 47 activation activation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 48 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 49 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 50 lipid lipid NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 51 kinase kinase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 52 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 53 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 54 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 288 55 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 289 1 NS5A NS5A NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 289 2 is be VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 289 3 essential essential JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 289 4 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 289 5 integrity integrity NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 289 6 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 289 7 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 289 8 membranous membranous JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 289 9 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 289 10 compartment compartment NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 290 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 290 2 lipid lipid NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 290 3 kinase kinase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 290 4 phosphatidylinositol-4 phosphatidylinositol-4 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 290 5 kinase kinase NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 290 6 III iii CD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 290 7 alpha alpha NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 290 8 regulates regulate VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 290 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 290 10 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 290 11 status status NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 290 12 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 290 13 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 290 14 C C NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 290 15 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 291 1 NS5A NS5A NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 1 Dissecting dissect VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 2 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 3 role role NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 4 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 6 Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 7 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 8 during during IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 9 autophagosome autophagosome JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 10 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 11 Mechanism mechanism NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 12 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 13 functions function NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 14 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 15 membrane membrane NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 16 binding bind VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 17 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 18 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 19 Atg5-Atg12 Atg5-Atg12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 20 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 21 Atg16 Atg16 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 22 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 23 during during IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 24 autophagosome autophagosome JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 25 formation formation NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 26 Structures structure NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 27 containing contain VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 28 Atg9A atg9a NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 29 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 30 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 31 ULK1 ULK1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 292 32 complex complex NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 1 independently independently RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 2 target target VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 3 depolarized depolarize VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 4 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 5 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 6 initial initial JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 7 stages stage NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 8 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 9 Parkin Parkin NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 10 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 11 mediated mediate VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 12 mitophagy mitophagy NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 13 Novel Novel NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 14 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 15 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 16 mouse mouse NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 17 model model NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 18 using use VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 19 human human JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 20 hepatocellular hepatocellular JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 21 carcinoma carcinoma NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 293 22 xenografts xenograft NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 1 SKI-1 SKI-1 NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 2 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 3 S1P s1p NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 4 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 5 PF-429242 PF-429242 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 6 impairs impair VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 7 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 8 onset onset NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 9 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 10 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 11 infection infection NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 12 SKI-1 SKI-1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 13 / / SYM cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 14 S1P s1p NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 15 inhibition inhibition NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 16 : : : cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 17 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 18 promising promise VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 19 surrogate surrogate NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 20 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 21 statins statin NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 22 to to TO cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 23 block block VB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 24 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 25 C c NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 26 virus virus NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 294 27 replication replication NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 295 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 295 2 thank thank VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 295 3 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 295 4 Takaji Takaji NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 295 5 Wakita Wakita NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 295 6 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 295 7 providing provide VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 295 8 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 295 9 HCV HCV NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 295 10 JFH-1 JFH-1 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 295 11 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 295 12 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 295 13 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 295 14 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 295 15 NS5B ns5b JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 295 16 antibody antibody NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 295 17 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 296 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 296 2 Huh7-Lunet Huh7-Lunet NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 296 3 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 296 4 NS4B NS4B NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 296 5 HAreplication HAreplication NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 296 6 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 296 7 CANX CANX NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 296 8 HA HA NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 296 9 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 296 10 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 296 11 generously generously RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 296 12 provided provide VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 296 13 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 296 14 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 296 15 Ralf Ralf NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 296 16 Bartenschlager Bartenschlager NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 296 17 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 1 The the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 2 Huh7-Lunet Huh7-Lunet NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 3 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 4 T7 t7 NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 5 cells cell NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 6 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 7 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 8 pTM pTM NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 9 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 10 NS3 ns3 RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 11 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 12 5B 5b NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 13 vector vector NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 14 were be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 15 provided provide VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 16 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 17 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 18 Volker Volker NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 19 Lohmann Lohmann NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 297 20 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 2 are be VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 3 also also RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 4 grateful grateful JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 5 to to IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 6 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 7 Kouacou Kouacou NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 8 Konan Konan NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 9 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 10 providing provide VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 11 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 12 anti anti JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 13 - - JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 14 NS4B ns4b JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 15 antibody antibody NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 16 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 17 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 18 Adi Adi NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 19 Kimchi Kimchi NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 20 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 21 providing provide VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 22 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 23 ATG12 ATG12 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 24 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 25 ATG12Δ ATG12Δ NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 26 G140 G140 NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 27 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 298 28 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 299 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 299 2 also also RB cord-002369-shk4n8f6 299 3 thank thank VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 299 4 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 299 5 Hojatollah Hojatollah NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 299 6 Vali Vali NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 299 7 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 299 8 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 299 9 group group NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 299 10 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 299 11 performing perform VBG cord-002369-shk4n8f6 299 12 TEM TEM NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 299 13 with with IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 299 14 AF AF NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 299 15 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 300 1 In in IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 300 2 addition addition NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 300 3 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 300 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 300 5 thank thank VBP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 300 6 David David NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 300 7 Paul Paul NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 300 8 , , , cord-002369-shk4n8f6 300 9 Jessy Jessy NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 300 10 Tremblay Tremblay NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 300 11 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 300 12 Micheline Micheline NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 300 13 Letarte Letarte NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 300 14 for for IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 300 15 technical technical JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 300 16 assistance assistance NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 300 17 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 301 1 This this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 301 2 work work NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 301 3 was be VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 301 4 supported support VBN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 301 5 by by IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 301 6 a a DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 301 7 research research NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 301 8 grant grant NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 301 9 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 301 10 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 301 11 NSERC NSERC NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 301 12 of of IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 301 13 Canada Canada NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 301 14 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 302 1 AF AF NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 302 2 received receive VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 302 3 fellowships fellowship NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 302 4 from from IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 302 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 302 6 NCRTP NCRTP NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 302 7 - - HYPH cord-002369-shk4n8f6 302 8 HepC. HepC. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 302 9 A.F. A.F. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 302 10 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 302 11 P.L. P.L. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 302 12 designed design VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 302 13 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 302 14 study study NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 302 15 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 303 1 A.F. A.F. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 303 2 performed perform VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 303 3 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 303 4 experiments experiment NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 303 5 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 304 1 A.F. A.F. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 304 2 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 304 3 P.L. P.L. NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 304 4 analyzed analyze VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 304 5 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 304 6 data datum NNS cord-002369-shk4n8f6 304 7 and and CC cord-002369-shk4n8f6 304 8 wrote write VBD cord-002369-shk4n8f6 304 9 the the DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 304 10 manuscript manuscript NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 304 11 . . . cord-002369-shk4n8f6 305 1 Supplementary supplementary JJ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 305 2 information information NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 305 3 accompanies accompany VBZ cord-002369-shk4n8f6 305 4 this this DT cord-002369-shk4n8f6 305 5 paper paper NN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 305 6 at at IN cord-002369-shk4n8f6 305 7 http://www.nature.com/srep http://www.nature.com/srep NNP cord-002369-shk4n8f6 305 8 _SP