id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-003504-wjab4y0g	Copland, Alastair	Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Induces PD-L1 Expression on Antigen-Presenting Cells via Autocrine and Paracrine Interleukin-STAT3 Circuits	2019-03-06		.txt	text/plain	4856	238	47	Finally, an in vivo immunisation model showed that BCG vaccination under PD-L1 blockade could enhance antigen-specific memory CD4 T-cell responses. Here, we show for the first time that BCG can induce the up-regulation of PD-L1 on both macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) via autocrine/paracrine secretion of STAT3-activating cytokines, chiefly IL-6 and IL-10. Upon infection with BCG, both APC types expressed high levels of PD-L1 compared to the unstimulated control at 24 h and 48 h (p < 0.0001), and a dose trend was observed for increasing MOI in macrophages at 48 h. To confirm that STAT3 was mediating the up-regulation of PD-L1 expression by BCG, cells were then pre-treated with Stattic or a vehicle control for 2 hours before infection with a low dose of bacteria (Fig. 5C) . BCG vaccine mediated reduction in the MHC-II expression of macrophages and dendritic cells is reversed by activation of Toll-like receptors 7 and 9	./cache/cord-003504-wjab4y0g.txt	./txt/cord-003504-wjab4y0g.txt