cord-258133-zsweppku	2020	Here we report the case of a patient with schizophrenia presenting with COVD-19related delusions and hallucinations, illustrating the potential of COVID-19 to precipitate entry into a psychotic phase and impact symptom manifestation. This case report shows the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the psychopathology of a patient with paranoid psychosis leading to the outbreak of a psychotic phase with paranoid-hallucinatoric experiencing and unrealistic expectations and concerns. This observation may be in line with the previous reports that higher levels of concurrent anxiety in patients with schizophrenia correlated with lower perception of personal risk of infection with swine flu, although the reason for this effect is unclear (Maguire et al., 2019a) . Overall, the current case report illustrates the potential for the psychological context of the COVID-19 emergency to influence emergence and manifestations of symptoms of psychosis, and indicates that measured, balanced and responsible reporting of the COVID-19 crisis in the media will be important to minimize the risk of overreactions in at risk persons and to avoid entry into psychotic episodes.
cord-258991-mrs5j2ep	2020	title: Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 7,236 self-selected volunteers assessed with demographic information, COVID-19 related knowledge, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (< 35 years) and time spent focusing on the COVID-19 (≥ 3 hours per day) were associated with GAD, and healthcare workers were at high risk for poor sleep quality. Therefore, using a web-based cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess the mental health burden of Chinese public during COVID-19 outbreak, and to explore the potential influence factors. All subjects reported their demographic data, COVID-19 related information, and completed three standardized questionnaires which assessed their generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. Our web-based study shows a high prevalence of GAD and poor sleep quality in the Chinese public during COVID-19 outbreak.
cord-260585-ovmko655	2020	In separate multivariable analyses that accounted for a number of demographic and pandemic-related covariates, individuals who reported greater pandemic-related disruption in daily life, and those with a prior history of mental health concerns, were more likely to screen positive for depressive, anxiety and trauma-related symptoms. We anticipated that heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress would be associated with specific situational factors, including perceived viral exposure or infection, food and financial insecurity, reduced access to routine medical care, greater disruption in daily life, more stringent social distancing, and diminished daily structure. Preliminary bivariate analyses evaluated associations of elevated scores on the primary outcomes (i.e., scores above thresholds for depression, anxiety, and trauma) with demographic variables (e.g., age, ethnicity, gender, comorbidities) and situational risk factors (e.g., perceived exposure and infection, COVID-19 symptoms, food and financial insecurity, access to routine medical care, pandemic-related employment changes, illness or loss of loved ones, reduced daily structure, social activity, and disruption in daily activities,), using t-tests, or chi-square or Fisher Exact tests, as appropriate.
cord-262085-y90w53xo	2020	BACKGROUND: Homeless experts and some federal housing officials are sounding the alarm that the patchwork of government efforts to address the coronavirus outbreak risks leaving out one group of acutely vulnerable people: the homeless. METHOD: The studies were identified using large-sized newspapers with international circulation RESULTS: With more cities suspecting community transmission of the novel coronavirus, people who sleep in shelters or hunker down outside already have a lower life expectancy and often have underlying health conditions that put them at greater risk if they develop COVID-19 (Global News, 2020). With more cities suspecting community transmission of the novel coronavirus, people who sleep in shelters or hunker down outside have a lower life expectancy and often have underlying health conditions that put them at greater risk if they develop COVID-19 (Global News, 2020) .
cord-264300-6qp0ymi2	2020	Comment on "Loneliness: A signature mental health concern in the era of COVID-19" Angelina R. Sutin*, Martina Luchetti, and We read the recent Letter to the Editor by Killgore and colleagues (2020) in Psychiatry Research on loneliness during COVID-19 and found it to be a timely issue of broad interest. A second study that compared the prevalence of loneliness from 2018 to April 2020 in two national samples came to a similar conclusion: There was not a large increase in loneliness during the stay-at-home orders caused by the pandemic (McGinty et al., 2020) . In this letter, we compare the loneliness data of Killgore and colleagues to a more recent, nationally representative sample to re-evaluate their conclusion. Bruce and colleagues reported mean loneliness by age group that allows for more direct comparisons with the sample surveyed during the pandemic than the comparison group used by Killgore and colleagues.
cord-270046-bxtez39p	2020	The study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and identify the factors associated with anxiety among French students during lockdown.A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect sociodemographic data, living and learning conditions, anxiety symptoms and social support. Based on this recent literature on the psychological impacts of the epidemic among students and because the Grand Est region was one of the three French regions that was most severely affected by the COVID-19 outbreak, the students from this area may be at particular risk of developing severe mental health issues. Thus, to evaluate their mental health and to understand student needs in order to develop interventions, this study aimed to assess the prevalence rate of anxiety and determine which sociodemographic, living conditions and health status characteristics could predict anxiety among French students during the lockdown due to the COVID-19 outbreak.
cord-270570-wttom8eh	2020	In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, most communities in the United States imposed stay-at-home orders to mitigate the spread of the novel coronavirus, potentially leading to chronic social isolation. We hypothesized that the prolonged social isolation enacted during the COVID-19 pandemic may increase feelings of loneliness, a key contributor to mental health problems such as depression and suicide (Stickley and Koyanagi, 2016) . To assess the impact of current social isolation on loneliness and mental health, we administered the UCLA Loneliness Scale-3 (Russell, 1996) , a validated metric of the construct of loneliness, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) (Kroenke et al., 2001) , a widely used screening measure for depression, to a nationally representative sample of 1,013 (18-35 years old; 567 females; 446 males) English speaking U.S. adults. While causation cannot be inferred from cross-sectional data, the present findings are consistent with the notion that the prolonged stay-at-home efforts enacted during the pandemic are likely severely increasing loneliness and social disconnection among many people.
cord-273331-pu4cr3bh	2020	OBJECTIVE: Individuals with severe mental illnesses (SMI), including schizophrenia spectrum illnesses and affective disorders, may be at increased risk for negative mental health outcomes related to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: 148 individuals with SMI (92 with schizophrenia spectrum illnesses and 56 with affective disorders) were recruited from ongoing ecological momentary assessment studies that sampled day-to-day experiences and symptom severity prior to the pandemic. The key aim of this report is therefore to compare prepandemic and current symptom ratings to identify the impact of the pandemic on mental health among individuals with pre-existing SMI. The effect of the pandemic on affective experiences, symptoms, and behavioral health (i.e., sleep and substance use) was then assessed via a series of repeated measures ANOVAs that used time as the within-subject variable (pre-pandemic EMA averages vs.
cord-273638-mmlwh87u	2020	Thus, Hong Kong is a model case for the population-wide practice of effective social distancing and provides an opportunity to examine the impact of loneliness on mental health during the COVID-19.  We conducted an online survey to examine the impact of loneliness on mental health during COVID-19 in Hong Kong, a model case for the population-wide practice of effective social distancing. Further studies are needed to confirm the role of loneliness in mental health during COVID-19 with important factors likely impacting wellbeing controlled, and extend the investigation from depression and anxiety to other mental health concerns such as substance use and symptoms indicative of more severe disorders (e.g., psychosis).
cord-273794-gvjwvabm	2020	In this work, we present the case of a man diagnosed with schizophrenia, who had been stable for more than 20 years and that presented with an atypical picture of psychotic and confusional symptoms related to COVID-19 infection. In this work, we present the case of a man diagnosed with schizophrenia, who had been stable for more than 20 years and that presented with an atypical picture of psychotic and confusional symptoms related to COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 has already had a great impact in the general population worldwide and patients diagnosed with schizophrenia are at greater risk of infection and its consequences, due to difficulties following preventive rules and the presence of other medical comorbidities. On top on that, patients with schizophrenia are usually overlooked though that disorder may represent a greater risk of medical comorbidities and increased risk of COVID-19 infection, even when hospitalized.
cord-276423-8rwmrl0l	2020	Globally, SUDs are estimated to have a prevalence of 100.4 million persons for alcohol, 22.1 million for cannabis and 26.8 million for opioids (GBD 2016 Alcohol and Drug Use Collaborators, 2018) , and social and mental health support is crucial for people trying to recover from SUD, whereas social isolation is a risk factor for relapse. In addition, excessive alcohol consumption may lead to a weakened immune system, increasing a person''s susceptibility to pneumonia (Sarkar, et al., 2015) , making this population particularly vulnerable to COVID-19. People who started using drugs as a way to help with their suffering caused by the changes imposed by the pandemic, as well as those who already used them or accessed substance abuse treatment services may be particularly at risk during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
cord-277824-q7blp3we	2020	The current research initiative focuses on the role of Pakistani media in eliminating panic and depression among health practitioners and the general public due to the outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The current research initiative focuses on the role of Pakistani media in eliminating panic and depression among health practitioners and the general public due to the outbreak of novel coronavirus . This particular study aims to study the role of Pakistani media in reducing the mental stress of the public and enhancing the motivation level of the healthcare service providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. What about children who are the future of our society and are already suffering from boredom and depression during the current situation, therefore media should play its role in arranging some special programs aimed at promoting learning activities for children and it will be beneficial for the mental and physical developments of these children who are the future of 
cord-281807-9ji263b7	2020	Growth occurs when people in the aftermath of trauma engage in a deliberate cognitive restructuring of reality, by changing their life narrative to include a better understanding of the self, the others, and the world (Tedeschi and Calhoun, 1996) . (2006) , although a high percentage of people experienced feelings of worry, helplessness, isolation, irritation, sleeping problems and many other negative mental health effects during the SARS outbreak, for a proportion of people, SARS was also considered a chance for positive outcomes. They experienced ''social growth'', as they reported greater care about their family members'' feelings, were more likely to be spending time together and considered their friends more supportive. Also, they learnt to be grateful and appreciate their health, family, friends and everyday life, all of which are aspects of ''spiritual growth'' (Lau et al., 2006 Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with COVID-19 in China The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma
cord-286222-8gfo2c87	2020	Type of manuscript: Correspondence (Letter to the Editor) Title: COVID 19 related Psychosis as an interface of fears, socio-cultural issues and vulnerability-case report of two women from India Authors: Prabha S Chandra a *, Lakshmi Shiva a , Sachin Nagendrappa a , Sundarnag Ganjekar a ,Harish Thippeswamy a Affiliations: a.National institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru-560029, India There have been reports of heightened anxiety about COVID 19 leading to psychosis and related psychopathology (Brown et al., 2020; D Rentero et al., 2020; Vald''es-Florido et al., 2020) . Women who are vulnerable either due to personality factors, a family history or those in the perinatal period may be at risk for psychotic symptoms precipitated by high levels of COVID related anxiety (Wu et al., 2020) . Ms. R a 34-year old married housekeeper with two children, who had migrated recently to the city, presented with a two day history of being extremely fearful that she would get COVID 19 infection and her family and she would die.
cord-287707-ng0ha3vv	2020	title: ''Masking'' of the mental state: unintended consequences of personal protective equipment (PPE) on psychiatric clinical practice ''Masking'' of the mental state: unintended consequences of personal protective equipment (PPE) on psychiatric clinical practice "When your face says it all, your mouth waits its turn"this quotation by Anthony T. The mental state examination (MSE) derives significantly from simple observation of someone"s facial expressions and body language, in addition to clinical questions. The use of masks hampers the observation of facial expressions which is very important for any MSE. Apart from the difficulties in conducting MSE, PPE may also pose a barrier to observe some clinical signs which are as important to psychiatry as for other medical disciplines, e.g., injuries, pallor, icterus, cyanosis, etc. It would be highly beneficial for psychiatrists and patients alike if the national or international psychiatric bodies can prepare guidelines while weighing all the pros and cons, to conduct interviews and MSEs during the current pandemic.
cord-288022-xh10ccki	2020	title: Stressors of nurses in psychiatric hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak This was the first novel coronavirus epidemic in psychiatric hospitals in China. The participants worked in a psychiatric hospital with more than 1200 inpatients during the COVID-19 outbreak located in Chengdu city, Sichuan Province, in the west of China. In addition, although general clinics were closed, 3 to 5 psychiatric patients with severe symptoms, especially aggressive behaviors, were admitted from the emergency room every day. The lack of contingency plans for public health emergencies in the psychiatric hospital also brought big challenges to nurses'' daily work. "I have been working in the psychiatric hospital for 14 years, but recently I feel so sorry for being a psychiatry nurse. Psychiatric hospitals should better care for mental patients during novel coronavirus outbreak The risk and Prevention of novel coronavirus pneumonia infections among inpatients in psychiatric hospitals
cord-292721-954nxptr	2020	A total of 2,020 participants provided responses to an online cross-sectional survey comprised of validated instruments including the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), the nine item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Brief Irritability Test (BITe) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS). In light of the foregoing discussion, the primary objective of our study was to comprehensively examine the role of perceived social support in relation to depression, anxiety, irritability and sleep quality amongst individuals undergoing social isolation during the COVID-19 outbreak. The first step in the analysis involved comparing scores for depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), irritability (BITe), loneliness (UCLA-LS) and perceived social support (MSPSS) between those who reported being in quarantine/expiring selfisolation and those who were not. In the current study, perceived social support was observed to have significant inverse associations with anxiety, depression, loneliness, irritability and quality of sleep with higher levels of support related to lower scores on measures of these specific outcomes.
cord-293986-skp6tiun	2020	title: COVID-19 Psychiatric Patients: Impact of Variability in Testing on Length of Hospital Stay and Disposition Back to Congregate Care Settings 184• Coronavirus (COVID) impact on hospital psychiatric inpatient units; 184• Testing versus symptom based strategies that impact psychiatric inpatient treatment; 184• Challenges in discharging medically and psychiatrically stable COVID patients back to their congregate care living facilities. While frontline healthcare workers have provided heroic treatment to those seriously ill from COVID, clinical care has also been altered for a subset of hospital patients who test positive but are asymptomatic. There has been a growing number of patients who live in community congregate care settings who face a unique barrier to discharge even after reaching psychiatric stability because of their COVID positive status. Due to variability in testing and reluctance of congregate care facilities to accept COVID patients back into the community, the authors experienced many cases in which hospital discharge was delayed anywhere from 7 to 47 days.
cord-296207-77dbdxjt	2020	This archival study focuses specifically on suicide fatalities in relation to unintentional and undetermined injury fatalities in an effort to determine whether or not these rates are rising consistently. This article focuses specifically on suicide fatalities as they relate to unintentional and undetermined injury fatalities deemed nonsuicidal in an effort to determine whether or not these rates are rising consistently with those attributed to suicide. While confounding cannot be avoided, this study illuminates several areas for growth and improvement in suicide research, such as factors related to ethnicity, sex, death reporting, and how between-group data SUICIDE & UNINTENTIONAL INJURY FATALITIES 14 should be reported to ensure clarity in clinical settings. There exist clear associations between unintentional injury fatalities and suicide deaths, with interesting rate discrepancies over the course of time that may be related to confounds noted in this article, as well as others that may not be on our radars.
cord-296708-b37jcj4f	2020	title: Is it correct to estimate mental disorder through online surveys during COVID-19 pandemic? Since then, there have been multiple research articles on psychological impact of COVID-19 and the situation associated with it (e.g. quarantine, social isolation, physical distancing, etc.). 2, 3 The rates of psychiatric disorders through various online surveys have come out to be much higher than general population. [2] [3] [4] However, it is important to note that the validity of diagnosis based on checklist items in online surveys is not similar to face-to-face interviews, as psychiatric diagnosis are different form medical diagnosis, which is largely pathophysiological. It was emphasized in the UNIVERSAL online survey of World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) that overestimation is likely. 4 In the same study the term "depressive symptoms" was used but also mentioned generalised anxiety disorder without significant dysfunction/distress criterion . Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey
cord-300617-sntnel5p	2020	Given the need for mental health professionals to target interventions and limited resources to those most in need, we suggest there is value for mental RUNNING HEAD: Derailment in a Pandemic 2 health professionals to assess these feelings of derailment -an individual''s sense of disconnection from their past selves, life directions, and motivations (Burrow, Hill, Ratner, & Fuller-Rowell, 2020) . When considering the current environment, the COVID-19 pandemic presents with several factors that researchers for decades have suggested will lead to greater impact from major life events (for a review, see Luhmann, Fassbender, Alcock, & Haehner, 2020) . Namely, derailment captures not only a sense of perceived self-change but also whether individuals feel that their motivations and life directions have been continuous over time. As such, derailment may be an especially important indicator of who is in greater need of mental health care in this time of crisis, by helping to identify those individuals most susceptible to trauma rather than resilience following the event.
cord-302117-u7egknq6	2020	title: Unprecedented disruption of lives and work: Health, distress and life satisfaction of working adults in China one month into the COVID-19 outbreak On Feb 20–21, 2020, we surveyed 369 adults in 64 cities in China that varied in their rates of confirmed coronavirus cases on their health conditions, distress and life satisfaction. In this article, we aim to use existing scales of health, distress and life satisfaction to identify the health and wellbeing of people one month into the disruption caused by confinement measures to contain COVID-19 outbreak by their work status, chronic health conditions, and exercising hours. People who worked in the office, worked at home, or had stopped working differed in health (SF12) and distress (K6) Table 2 shows the results of regressing SF12 on the job status of the participants one month into the COVID-19 outbreak.
cord-302240-wpwwetrs	2020	Two months after the beginning of the lock-down with social distancing, job losses and fear of infection, we have examined a sample of psychiatric inpatients in the middle of May 2020 in order to quantify mental and somatic distress and compare between different diagnostic groups. The following scores were used: Clinical Global Impression (CGI; Billen et al., 2020) ; the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; Klein et al., 2016) , and a summary score of Stress-Related Somatic complaints (SRS): headache, lower back pain, exhaustion, difficulties falling asleep, insomnia, irritability, hostility, restlessness, boredom, altered eating habits, maldigestion scores for each item was between 0 for "never" and 6 for "almost permanently". There were no significant differences between the F1 (dependence), F2 (psychosis) and F3 (affective disorders) groups regarding the CGI-score. PSS and SRS were highest in the affective disorders group compared to the rest of the sample (ANOVA; both p ≤ 0.0001). The subgroup with affective disorders showed the highest correlations between CGI and PSS or SRS, whereas no such relationship at all was observed in the schizophrenia and related disorders group.
cord-312356-95yyi0jb	2020	Moreover, mental health staff often has inadequate training on the management of respiratory infectious diseases, which adds to some features of patients with pre-existing mental health conditions, such as inadequate insight or psychomotor excitement, being unable to practice infection control measures, as well as limited awareness regarding the risk of infection, that may contribute to the transmission of COVID-19. We are also facing new diagnostic challenges, as many patients admitted to the psychiatric ward are simultaneously been treated for COVID-19. Regrettably, because of the shortage of isolation rooms for SARS-CoV-2 positive cases who suffer from mental illness decompensation comorbidities, physical restraint practices could increase in order to guarantee confinement and infection control measures. We call for the creation of state policies that mitigate the health impact of such catastrophe, with urgency in relation to patients at Acute Psychiatric Inpatient Units. The COVID-19 outbreak and psychiatric hospitals in China: managing challenges through mental health service reform
cord-314014-d9jwy5b6	2020	
cord-314874-6ey87o16	2020	Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 19 , atypical presentations that include neuropsychiatric conditions have been observed in infected patients (Nalleballe et al., 2020; Rogers et al., 2020) . Neuropsychiatric symptoms are present in more than half the cases (Romero-Sánchez et al., 2020) . Catatonia is a rare neuropsychiatric condition that has been rarely associated to COVID-19 (Caan et al., 2020) . COVID-19 exhibits potential neurotropic properties and we must reinforce the idea that catatonic signs could be observed, especially in psychiatric patients, who are a population at risk of this new disease. As knowledge on the medical aspects of the infection increases, research on the psychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 should be warranted. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: The ALBACOVID registry
cord-315200-4texyck8	2020	Since COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic by WHO with strict emphasis on washing and disinfection, various media sources have focused on the distress of patients with OCD, increased reporting to the hospitals and first-person accounts of their difficulties. It is well-established that people with pre-existing mental disorders are more prone for relapses, defaulting on medications, stress, stigma, poor self-care and suicidality during pandemics. Especially in developing countries like India, where OC symptoms are also considered to be culture-bound and religion-laden in certain areas, it is difficult to sensitize people and their families to what is ''excessive'' washing in a context where everyone is panicking to follow the precautionary instructions. Psychoeducation of the patients and families, debunking misinformation about the pandemic, facilitating tele-consults and online psychotherapy, using the psychiatric social work support to follow-up on severe and treatment resistant patients, ensuring drug compliance are necessary steps to help people who are in need.
cord-318311-aakpbbvl	2020	After the outbreak, our hospital quickly adopted a series of countermeasures, including the establishment of fever clinics to screen patients for suspected COVID-19 infections, prohibiting family visits in closed inpatient wards, and extending the closed management mode to all departments. Referring to the nosocomial infection incident in Harbin, our hospital has updated a new screening procedure for all newly admitted patients to prevent the import of infections. A. Patients with fever, epidemiological history, or respiratory symptoms within 14 days must enter the fever clinic to complete blood routine examination, CRP, chest CT, and nucleic acid sampling. If the blood routine and chest CT results are not abnormal, and the suspected infection of COVID-19 is excluded, the patient can be admitted to the hospital and isolated in a single room. Otherwise, if the patient''s chest CT and blood routine suggest viral infection, the patient must wait for the nucleic acid test result in the fever clinic.
cord-320509-3a40djjm	2020	Specifically, we examined the effects of different forms and levels of restriction resulting from public health measures (e.g. quarantine, stay-at-home order) on anxiety and depression symptomatology, health anxiety, loneliness, the occurrence of fearful spells, psychosocial distress and life-satisfaction. However, studies on the effects of different forms and levels of restrictions resulting from public health measures (e.g., stay-at-home orders, being quarantined or reduction of social contacts) on mental health are scarce. For the first time, this study investigated sociodemographic and COVID-19 related factors and, specifically, the role of such different types of governmentally imposed lockdown measures for depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as other health outcomes across all federal states of Germany. In the present study, we found that a higher level of restrictions due to lockdown measures was associated with more loneliness, higher psychosocial distress and lower life-satisfaction but was not related to anxiety and depressive symptomatology or fearful spells.
cord-321497-c7l88gjn	2020	This study examined relations of both stay-at-home orders and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life to psychological outcomes (depression, health anxiety, financial worry, social support, and loneliness) in a nationwide U.S. community adult sample (N = 500; 47% women, mean age = 40). To extend this research to the psychological impact of COVID-19 in the U.S., the present study examined associations of stay-at-home orders and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life to relevant psychological outcomes (i.e., depression, health anxiety, financial worry, perceived social support, and loneliness). Descriptive statistics for the primary variables of interest (stay-athome order status, perceived impact of COVID-19, depression symptom severity, health anxiety, financial worry, loneliness, and social support) were computed, as were point-biserial and Pearson product-moment correlations to examine zero-order associations among variables. The goal of the present study was to examine associations of stay-athome orders and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life to relevant psychological outcomes (i.e., depression, health anxiety, financial worry, perceived social support, and loneliness).
cord-323482-kk8iyavj	2020	We performed a rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on HCWs (healthcare workers). Our main aim was to perform an updated and more comprehensive rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize available research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, including a) changes over time, b) prevalence of mental health problems and risk/resilience factors, c) strategies and resources used by healthcare providers to protect their own mental health, d) perceived need and preferences for interventions, and e) healthcare workers'' understandings of their own mental health during the pandemic. show the distribution of anxiety, depression, distress, and sleeping problems among the healthcare workers investigated in the 29 studies, using the authors'' own methods of assessing these outcomes The most commonly reported protective factor associated with reduced risk of mental health problems was having social support 48 ,58 ,69 ,74 .
cord-323775-sonsrf5b	2020	We described a telephone-based surveillance on 101 euthymic Mood Disorder outpatients in Milan by a non-standardized survey to evaluate reactions to lockdown measures and the presence of quarantine stressors. The present report aims at describing the telephone-based mental illness surveillance on Mood Disorder patients attending the Mood Disorder Outpatient Center at San Raffaele Hospital in Milan, with the aid of a non-standardized survey to evaluate reactions to lockdown measures. Among our sample, 76% of patients reported frustration due to restrictions, 53.5% fears about infection, 45.5% financial concerns, 44.5% psychic anxiety, 40.6% low mood, 36.6% somatization, 31.6% increased alertness, 29.7% insomnia, 20.8% self-medication with sedatives, 2.9% inadequate supplies. The purpose of our brief report is to describe the telephone-based mental illness surveillance on the quarantine effects in a sample of euthymic mood disorder patients who could not attend their scheduled psychiatric visit due to lockdown measures.
cord-327976-pwe95zoi	2020	This paper is aimed at reviewing articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns. Aims: This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. Aims: This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. The following sections discuss about findings of studies on mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns being implemented at national or regional levels to prevent further spread of infection. Recommendations for ensuring mental well-being of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown and the role of parents, teachers, pediatricians, community volunteers, the health system and policy makers are being discussed.
cord-333187-8p61xten	2020	This study evaluated the Cognitive Anxiety Sensitivity Treatment (CAST), a previously developed computerized treatment that has shown efficacy in community samples for mental health symptoms including: anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and suicidal ideation. Study aims were to: (1) collect user feedback from Veterans regarding the acceptability/usability of CAST and potential areas of improvement for use with Veterans, and; (2) investigate the preliminary efficacy of CAST in reducing mental health symptoms (anxiety, depression, and PTSD) among Veterans enrolled in VA primary care. After informed consent, participants completed baseline self-report measures that assessed demographics, current and past mental health treatment, as well as symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Results from the current study suggest that the single-session CAST program could be an acceptable, effective, and efficient way to provide evidence-based mental health care to VA primary care patients.
cord-333875-alx5uc95	2020	Of particular interest was the report in your journal about the potential of this outbreak to cause an exacerbation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms in vulnerable patients (Banerjee, 2020) . While the phenomenological similarity described above is suggestive, more convincing evidence of an association between some dimensions of OCD and behaviours that minimize the risk of infection can be obtained from evolutionary theory. From an evolutionary perspective, disgust serves as a motivator in the avoidance of infectious disease, and has been linked most closely to the contamination/cleaning dimension of OCD. In conclusion, the above evidence suggests that there may be close links between some dimensions of OCD and behaviours that evolved to protect our ancestors from infectious disease, and which continue to do so now in a modified form. The other side of COVID-19: impact on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and hoarding
cord-333974-mvo2k2jt	2020	Time-trend regression models were used to evaluate and predict the number of excess suicides in 2020 and 2021 for two possible projection scenarios following the COVID-19 pandemic: 1) an increase in unemployment of 1.6% in 2020, 1.2% in 2021, or 2) an increase in unemployment of 10.7% in 2020, 8.9% in 2021. We recently reported that the rapid rise in unemployment as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic is predicted to result in 3, 164 excess suicides between 2020 and 2021, representing a 3.3-8.4% increase in suicides per year from the 2018 rate of 48,432 suicides in the USA (McIntyre and Lee, 2020). Time-trend regression models were used to evaluate and predict the number of excess suicides attributable to the projected rise in unemployment rate following the COVID-19 pandemic.
cord-336942-2mvcyvbl	2020	
cord-337020-7dhx8f4x	2020	title: High depression and anxiety in people with Alzheimer''s disease living in retirement homes during the Covid-19 crisis We studied the mental health of participants with Alzheimer''s disease (AD) residing in retirement homes during the Covid-19 crisis. On-site colleagues were asked to verify, in the medical records, that a diagnosis of probable dementia AD was made by a neurologist or geriatrician according to clinical criteria developed by the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer''s Association criteria for probable Alzheimer''s disease (McKhann et al., 2011) and that the participants had been assessed with the Mini Mental State Exam (Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975) within three months before the study to provide an recent assessment of their cognitive status. We thus evaluated self-reported indicators of depression and anxiety to assess the mental health of participants with AD who have been living in retirement homes during the Covid-19 crisis.
cord-340535-78bpvtuf	2020	AIM: To investigate anxiety, stress, and depression levels of physicians during the Covid-19 outbreak and explored associated factors in both clinical and general site. Factors found to be associated with higher DAS-21 total scores in frontline workers were as follows: increased weekly working hours, increased number of Covid-19 patients cared for, lower level of support from peers and supervisors, lower logistic support, and lower feelings of competence during Covid-19 related tasks. In an early study investigating immediate psychological response during Covid-19 epidemic among general population in China, 53.8% of participants rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe (1) . In another study investigating long term psychological effects of SARS outbreak on healthcare workers, 23% of staff were found to have moderate or severe depressive symptoms in a 3year follow-up (4) . Based on this perspective, here, we aimed to investigate anxiety, stress and depression levels of physicians during Covid-19 outbreak and explored associated factors in both clinical and general site.
cord-341038-lomaz6pc	2020	Students from Arts & Humanities and Social Sciences & Law showed higher scores related to anxiety, depression, stress and impact of event with respect to students from Engineering & Architecture. Sciences & Law showed higher scores related to anxiety, depression, stress and impact of event with respect to students from Engineering & Architecture. University staff presented lower scores in all measures compared to students, who seem to have suffered an important psychological impact during the first weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown. University staff presented lower scores in all measures compared to students, who seem to have suffered an important psychological impact during the first weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown. Significant higher depression, anxiety and stress scores were observed in students with respect to university workers. University workers (both faculty members or academic staff and administrative staff) presented generalized significant higher concern scores with respect to students, except for their concern about relatives'' health.
cord-344069-f32itts9	2020	This study evaluates psychological distress related to the crisis and identifies predictive factors of anxiety/depression according to age. Youth reported lower levels of living space, occupational activity, social contact and alcohol use, but higher anxiety, depression and uncertainty than older participants. This study proposes to assess the association between the proximity to contamination, lockdown conditions, alcohol use and intolerance to uncertainty, and anxiety and depressive symptoms separately among youth, middle-aged and older populations. Participants aged 18-30 years reported significantly lower levels of living environment, occupational activity, social contacts, frequency and quantity of alcohol use, but higher levels of anxiety, depression and uncertainty than older participants. A considerable percentage of the population suffers from anxiety and depressive symptoms related to the COVID-19 lockdown and it can be explained by an intolerance of uncertainty, whatever the age of the people.
cord-347513-xibx3nkd	2020	Abstract To understand the emotional changes in the elderly population during the pneumonia epidemic caused by novel coronavirus infection, and to lay a foundation for the study of the psychology, intervention and nursing of the elderly.A total of 1556 elderly people were selected to conduct an epidemiological survey, and standardized survey methods were used to investigate the depression screening scale (PHQ-9) and anxiety self-rating scale (GAD-7).The anxiety and depression of different genders were different.Anxiety and depression are different in different age groups.The outbreak of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus infection has an effect on the psychology of the elderly people, resulting in anxiety and depression. Independent sample t test conducted on the scores of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in different sex groups. One-way analysis of variance conducted on the scores of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in different age groups. Comparison of the scores of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in different age(y) groups.
cord-349231-9ibv0730	2020	Our results indicated that social anxiety and lower self-esteem could lead to favoring CMC over FTF communication, which may result in problematic internet (PIU) and SNS use as a compensatory behavior to cope with fear of negative evaluation. Our findings may lend further support to the social compensation hypothesis (Bonetti et al., 2010; Weidman et al., 2012) and the CIUT (Kardefelt-Winther, 2014) such that social anxiety and lower self-esteem could lead to favoring CMC -indicated by higher scores on problematic internet and SNS use measures -as a compensatory behavior to cope with fear of negative evaluation. Although the main goal of the present study was to show whether social anxiety, self-esteem, and fear of negative evaluation can have a role in the development of problematic internet and SNS use, the amount of explained variance by the model indicated that there might be other key factors at play.
cord-354475-im2py2or	2020	Although our results may be subject to sampling and recall bias, the unexpectedly high rates of anxiety and depression warrant an urgent call to action aiming at mitigating and managing mental health risks of senior high school students in future waves of pandemic. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of the nationwide lockdown on the levels of anxiety and depression among last year senior high school students preparing for the upcoming Panhellenic university entrance exams. The questions were presented in four sections: (a) demographic characteristics, (b) anxiety and depressive symptoms over the first two weeks of February (prior to nationwide lockdown -baseline); (c) anxiety and depressive symptoms during the past two weeks (during lockdown -current), using the Greek versions of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 (The Patient Health Questionnaire Screeners, www.phqscreeners.com); (d) distress experienced during lockdown. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study reporting data concerning the impact of the nationwide lockdown on the mental health of last year senior high school students preparing for the national university entrance exams in Greece.
cord-354661-wls1rd7d	2020	title: Effects of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors on the mental health of lesbian, gay and bisexual people in Hong Kong Building upon earlier research, this study aimed to (1) examine COVID-19-related stressors and mental health conditions among LGB people in Hong Kong during the pandemic, (2) compare the levels of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors among subgroups of LGB people, and (3) estimate the effects of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19related stressors on depressive and anxiety symptoms. In addition, it was hypothesized that sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors (i.e., family conflict related to sexual orientation and reduced connection to LGBT+ community) would be positively related to depressive and anxiety symptoms above and beyond general COVID-19-related stressors. This study also examined the effect of general COVID-19-related stressors on depressive and anxiety symptoms among LGB people in Hong Kong.
cord-355944-8q4s1kf9	2020	This study aimed to determine the binge-watching pattern of television, internet resources during this COVID-19 lockdown in South East Asian countries. The mean age of the sample was 32.62 (±10.29), 60% were males, 44% were graduates (44.3 %), 40.5% postgraduates, most of them belonged to the nuclear family (74.6 %) and are presently living with family (81.2%), and 53.3% had been working from home ( Table 1 ).The previous history and pattern of viewing TV/ online videos indicate that most of the population watched frequently but for a shorter duration (38.7%) and the average time for binge-watching was 1-3 hours (68.8 %). There is a need to look for the long-term effect of binge-watching in the general population, which will give a better insight into understanding the pathological aspects of bingewatching behavior.