id sid tid token lemma pos cord-344870-tbgqulpu 1 1 key key NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 1 2 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 1 3 cord-344870-tbgqulpu cord-344870-tbgqulpu . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 2 1 authors author NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 2 2 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 2 3 Lloyd Lloyd NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 2 4 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 2 5 Smith Smith NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 2 6 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 2 7 James James NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 2 8 O. O. NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 2 9 title title NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 2 10 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 1 Maximum Maximum NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 2 Likelihood Likelihood NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 3 Estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 4 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 5 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 6 Negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 7 Binomial Binomial NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 8 Dispersion Dispersion NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 9 Parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 10 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 11 Highly Highly NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 12 Overdispersed Overdispersed NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 13 Data Data NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 14 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 15 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 16 Applications application NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 17 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 18 Infectious infectious JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 19 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 20 date date NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 21 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 22 2007 2007 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 23 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 24 02 02 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 25 - - SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 26 14 14 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 27 journal journal NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 3 28 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 4 1 PLoS PLoS NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 5 1 One one CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 5 2 DOI doi NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 5 3 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 5 4 10.1371 10.1371 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 5 5 / / SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 5 6 journal.pone.0000180 journal.pone.0000180 NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 5 7 sha sha NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 5 8 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 6 1 247d3262ad1b15f331a89f70eec56b34dbe6b8b5 247d3262ad1b15f331a89f70eec56b34dbe6b8b5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 6 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 6 3 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 6 4 344870 344870 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 6 5 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 6 6 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 7 1 tbgqulpu tbgqulpu NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 7 2 BACKGROUND background NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 7 3 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 2 negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 3 binomial binomial NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 4 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 5 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 6 used use VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 7 commonly commonly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 8 throughout throughout IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 9 biology biology NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 10 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 11 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 12 model model NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 13 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 14 overdispersed overdispersed NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 15 count count NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 16 data data NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 17 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 18 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 19 attention attention NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 20 focused focus VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 21 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 22 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 23 negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 24 binomial binomial JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 25 dispersion dispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 26 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 27 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 28 k. k. NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 29 A a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 30 substantial substantial JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 31 literature literature NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 32 exists exist VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 33 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 34 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 35 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 36 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 37 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 38 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 39 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 40 most most JJS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 41 attention attention NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 42 has have VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 43 focused focus VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 44 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 45 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 46 that that WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 47 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 48 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 49 highly highly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 50 overdispersed overdispersed JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 52 i.e. i.e. FW cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 53 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 54 those those DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 55 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 56 k≥1 k≥1 NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 58 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 59 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 60 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 61 accuracy accuracy NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 62 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 63 confidence confidence NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 64 intervals interval NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 65 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 66 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 67 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 68 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 69 typically typically RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 70 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 71 explored explore VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 8 72 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 9 1 METHODOLOGY methodology NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 9 2 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 1 This this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 2 article article NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 3 presents present VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 4 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 5 simulation simulation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 6 study study NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 7 exploring explore VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 8 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 9 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 10 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 11 precision precision NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 12 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 13 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 14 confidence confidence NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 15 interval interval NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 16 coverage coverage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 17 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 18 maximum maximum JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 19 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 20 likelihood likelihood NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 21 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 22 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 23 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 24 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 25 highly highly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 26 overdispersed overdisperse VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 27 distributions distribution NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 10 28 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 1 In in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 2 addition addition NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 3 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 4 exploring explore VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 5 small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 6 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 7 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 8 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 9 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 10 negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 11 binomial binomial NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 12 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 13 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 14 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 15 study study NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 16 addresses address VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 17 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 18 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 19 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 20 influenced influence VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 21 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 22 two two CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 23 types type NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 24 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 25 event event NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 26 under under IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 27 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 28 counting counting NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 29 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 30 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 31 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 32 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 33 transmission transmission NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 34 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 35 subject subject JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 36 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 37 selection selection NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 38 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 39 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 40 successful successful JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 41 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 11 42 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 12 1 CONCLUSIONS conclusion NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 12 2 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 1 Results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 2 show show VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 3 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 4 maximum maximum JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 5 likelihood likelihood NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 6 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 7 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 8 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 9 can can MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 10 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 11 biased bias VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 12 upward upward RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 13 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 14 small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 15 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 16 size size NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 17 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 18 under under IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 19 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 20 reporting reporting NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 21 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 22 zero zero CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 23 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 24 class class NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 25 events event NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 26 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 27 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 28 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 29 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 30 biased bias VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 31 downward downward RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 32 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 33 any any DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 34 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 35 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 36 factors factor NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 37 considered consider VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 13 38 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 1 Confidence confidence NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 2 intervals interval NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 3 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 4 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 5 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 6 asymptotic asymptotic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 7 sampling sampling NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 8 variance variance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 9 tend tend VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 10 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 11 exhibit exhibit VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 12 coverage coverage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 13 below below IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 14 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 15 nominal nominal JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 16 level level NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 17 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 18 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 19 overestimates overestimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 20 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 21 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 22 comprising comprise VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 23 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 24 great great JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 25 majority majority NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 26 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 27 coverage coverage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 28 errors error NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 14 29 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 1 Estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 2 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 3 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 4 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 5 does do VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 6 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 7 increase increase VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 8 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 9 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 10 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 11 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 12 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 13 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 14 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 15 can can MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 16 add add VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 17 significant significant JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 18 upward upward JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 19 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 20 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 21 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 22 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 23 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 24 mean mean NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 15 25 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 1 Because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 2 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 3 varies vary VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 4 inversely inversely RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 5 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 6 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 7 degree degree NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 8 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 9 overdispersion overdispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 10 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 11 these these DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 12 findings finding NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 13 show show VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 14 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 15 overestimation overestimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 16 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 17 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 18 degree degree NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 19 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 20 overdispersion overdispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 21 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 22 very very RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 23 rare rare JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 24 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 25 these these DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 26 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 16 27 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 2 negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 3 binomial binomial NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 5 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 7 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 8 has have VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 9 broad broad JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 10 applications application NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 11 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 12 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 13 model model NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 14 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 15 count count NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 16 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 17 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 18 particularly particularly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 19 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 20 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 21 exhibiting exhibit VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 22 overdispersion overdispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 24 i.e. i.e. FW cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 25 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 26 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 27 variance variance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 28 exceeding exceed VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 29 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 30 mean mean NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 17 32 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 1 In in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 2 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 3 biological biological JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 4 literature literature NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 5 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 6 classical classical JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 7 uses use NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 8 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 9 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 10 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 11 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 12 include include VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 13 analysis analysis NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 14 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 15 parasite parasite NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 16 loads load NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 17 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 18 species species NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 19 occurrence occurrence NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 20 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 21 parasitoid parasitoid NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 22 attacks attack NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 23 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 24 abundance abundance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 25 samples sample NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 26 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 27 spatial spatial JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 28 clustering clustering NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 29 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 30 populations population NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 32 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 35 2 2 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 38 3 3 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 41 4 4 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 44 5 5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 47 6 6 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 50 7 7 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 18 52 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 2 range range NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 3 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 4 applications application NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 5 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 6 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 7 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 8 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 9 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 10 extended extend VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 11 recently recently RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 12 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 13 include include VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 14 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 15 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 16 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 17 directly directly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 18 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 19 transmitted transmit VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 20 infections infection NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 21 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 22 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 23 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 24 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 25 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 26 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 27 shown show VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 28 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 29 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 30 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 31 suitable suitable JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 32 model model NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 33 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 34 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 35 ' ' `` cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 36 offspring offspring NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 37 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 38 ' ' '' cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 39 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 40 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 41 number number NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 42 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 43 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 44 transmission transmission NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 45 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 47 8 8 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 19 49 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 2 offspring offspring NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 3 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 4 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 5 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 6 concept concept NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 7 arising arise VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 8 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 9 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 10 theory theory NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 11 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 12 branching branch VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 13 processes process NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 15 9 9 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 17 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 18 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 19 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 20 probability probability NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 21 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 22 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 23 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 24 number number NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 25 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 26 individuals individual NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 28 termed term VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 29 ' ' `` cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 30 secondary secondary JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 31 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 32 ' ' '' cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 34 infected infect VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 35 directly directly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 36 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 37 each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 38 infectious infectious JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 39 individual individual NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 40 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 41 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 42 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 43 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 20 44 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 1 Estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 2 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 3 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 4 parameters parameter NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 5 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 6 empirical empirical JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 7 offspring offspring NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 8 distributions distribution NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 9 revealed reveal VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 10 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 11 high high JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 12 degree degree NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 13 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 14 overdispersion overdispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 15 - - : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 16 particularly particularly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 17 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 18 severe severe JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 19 acute acute JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 20 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 21 syndrome syndrome NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 23 SARS SARS NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 25 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 26 measles measle NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 27 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 28 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 29 smallpox smallpox NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 30 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 31 signalling signal VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 32 an an DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 33 unexpectedly unexpectedly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 34 large large JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 35 influence influence NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 36 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 37 individual individual JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 38 variation variation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 39 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 40 ' ' `` cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 41 superspreading superspreade VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 42 ' ' '' cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 43 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 44 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 45 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 46 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 47 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 48 emergence emergence NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 50 8 8 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 21 52 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 1 However however RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 3 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 4 authors author NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 5 emphasized emphasize VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 6 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 7 challenges challenge NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 8 inherent inherent JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 9 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 10 estimating estimate VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 11 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 12 parameters parameter NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 13 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 14 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 15 confidence confidence NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 16 intervals interval NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 18 CIs CIs NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 20 associated associate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 21 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 22 those those DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 23 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 24 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 25 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 26 noted note VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 27 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 28 previous previous JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 29 work work NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 30 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 31 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 32 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 33 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 34 had have VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 35 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 36 explored explore VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 37 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 38 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 39 ranges range NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 40 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 41 interest interest NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 42 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 43 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 44 studies study NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 22 45 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 1 A a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 2 particular particular JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 3 concern concern NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 4 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 5 whether whether IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 6 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 7 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 8 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 9 influenced influence VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 10 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 11 small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 12 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 13 size size NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 14 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 15 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 16 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 17 analyzed analyze VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 18 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 19 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 20 biases bias NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 21 peculiar peculiar JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 22 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 23 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 24 transmission transmission NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 25 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 23 26 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 1 This this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 2 study study NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 3 uses use VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 4 simulated simulated JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 5 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 6 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 7 assess assess VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 8 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 9 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 10 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 11 precision precision NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 12 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 13 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 14 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 15 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 16 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 17 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 18 coverage coverage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 19 accuracy accuracy NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 20 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 21 CIs ci NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 22 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 23 highly highly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 24 overdispersed overdisperse VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 25 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 26 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 27 addressing address VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 28 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 29 challenges challenge NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 30 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 31 small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 32 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 33 as as RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 34 well well RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 35 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 36 potential potential JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 37 biases bias NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 38 arising arise VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 39 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 40 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 41 data data NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 42 collection collection NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 43 process process NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 24 44 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 2 popularity popularity NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 3 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 4 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 5 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 6 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 7 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 8 due due JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 9 largely largely RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 10 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 12 ability ability NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 13 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 14 model model VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 15 count count VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 16 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 17 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 18 varying vary VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 19 degrees degree NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 20 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 21 overdispersion overdispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 25 22 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 2 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 3 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 4 commonly commonly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 5 expressed express VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 6 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 7 terms term NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 8 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 9 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 10 mean mean JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 11 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 12 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 13 dispersion dispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 14 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 15 k k XX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 16 such such JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 17 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 18 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 19 probability probability NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 20 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 21 observing observe VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 22 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 23 non non JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 24 - - JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 25 negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 26 integer integer NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 27 x x NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 28 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 29 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 30 variance variance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 31 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 32 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 33 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 26 34 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 1 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 2 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 4 1+m 1+m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 5 / / SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 6 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 8 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 9 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 10 hence hence RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 11 decreasing decrease VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 12 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 13 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 14 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 15 correspond correspond VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 16 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 17 increasing increase VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 18 levels level NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 19 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 20 dispersion dispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 27 21 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 2 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 3 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 4 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 5 obtained obtain VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 6 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 7 kR kR NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 8 ' ' '' cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 9 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 10 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 11 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 12 logarithmic logarithmic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 13 series series NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 14 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 15 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 16 obtained obtain VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 17 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 18 kR0 kR0 NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 20 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 21 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 22 10 10 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 28 24 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 29 1 When when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 29 2 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 29 3 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 29 4 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 29 5 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 29 6 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 29 7 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 29 8 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 29 9 reduces reduce VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 29 10 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 29 11 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 29 12 geometric geometric JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 29 13 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 29 14 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 30 1 Note note VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 30 2 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 30 3 recent recent JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 30 4 work work NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 30 5 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 30 6 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 30 7 statistical statistical JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 30 8 literature literature NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 30 9 uses use VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 30 10 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 30 11 quantity quantity NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 31 1 a a LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 31 2 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 31 3 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 31 4 / / SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 31 5 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 32 1 due due IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 32 2 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 32 3 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 32 4 preferable preferable JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 32 5 properties property NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 32 6 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 32 7 inference inference NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 32 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 32 9 discussed discuss VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 32 10 below below IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 32 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 32 12 , , . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 33 1 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 33 2 studies study NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 33 3 applying apply VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 33 4 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 33 5 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 33 6 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 33 7 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 33 8 ecology ecology NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 33 9 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 33 10 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 33 11 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 33 12 overwhelmingly overwhelmingly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 33 13 posed pose VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 33 14 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 33 15 terms term NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 33 16 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 33 17 k. k. NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 3 all all DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 4 calculations calculation NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 5 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 6 this this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 7 study study NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 8 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 9 conducted conduct VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 10 using use VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 11 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 12 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 13 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 14 all all DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 15 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 16 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 17 discussion discussion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 18 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 19 posed pose VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 20 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 21 terms term NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 22 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 23 k. k. NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 25 Confusingly confusingly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 26 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 27 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 28 term term NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 29 ' ' `` cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 30 dispersion dispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 31 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 32 ' ' '' cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 33 can can MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 34 refer refer VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 35 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 36 either either CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 37 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 38 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 34 39 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 35 1 ; ; : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 35 2 other other JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 35 3 terms term NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 35 4 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 35 5 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 35 6 include include VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 35 7 ' ' `` cord-344870-tbgqulpu 35 8 shape shape NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 35 9 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 35 10 ' ' '' cord-344870-tbgqulpu 35 11 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 35 12 ' ' `` cord-344870-tbgqulpu 35 13 clustering clustering NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 35 14 coefficient coefficient NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 35 15 ' ' '' cord-344870-tbgqulpu 35 16 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 35 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 2 dispersion dispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 3 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 4 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 5 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 6 commonly commonly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 7 used use VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 8 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 9 an an DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 10 inverse inverse JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 11 measure measure NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 12 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 13 aggregation aggregation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 14 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 15 biological biological JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 16 count count NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 17 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 19 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 22 2 2 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 25 3 3 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 28 4 4 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 36 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 2 5 5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 4 8 8 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 5 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 6 11 11 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 7 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 8 12 12 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 10 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 11 yet yet CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 13 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 14 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 15 finite finite JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 16 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 17 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 18 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 19 recognized recognize VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 20 challenge challenge NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 37 21 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 1 Many many JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 2 simulation simulation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 3 studies study NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 4 have have VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 5 examined examine VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 6 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 7 efficacy efficacy NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 8 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 9 different different JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 10 estimators estimator NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 11 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 12 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 13 parameters parameter NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 14 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 15 finite finite JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 16 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 18 11 11 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 19 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 21 13 13 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 24 14 14 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 27 15 15 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 30 16 16 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 32 17 17 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 33 ; ; : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 34 also also RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 35 see see VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 36 review review NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 37 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 38 14 14 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 40 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 41 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 42 owing owe VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 43 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 44 precedent precedent NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 45 most most JJS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 46 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 47 these these DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 48 have have VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 49 focused focus VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 50 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 51 k$1 k$1 NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 52 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 53 hence hence RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 54 do do VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 55 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 56 apply apply VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 57 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 58 highly highly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 59 overdispersed overdisperse VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 60 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 38 61 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 1 One one CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 2 biologically biologically RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 3 motivated motivated JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 4 study study NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 5 did do VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 6 explore explore VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 7 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 8 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 9 k,1 k,1 NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 11 16 16 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 13 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 14 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 16 did do VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 17 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 18 test test VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 19 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 20 maximum maximum JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 21 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 22 likelihood likelihood NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 24 ML ml NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 26 methods method NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 27 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 28 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 29 that that WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 30 have have VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 31 become become VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 32 standard standard JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 33 owing owe VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 34 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 35 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 36 asymptotic asymptotic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 37 efficiency efficiency NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 38 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 39 low low JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 40 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 42 12 12 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 43 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 44 13 13 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 45 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 46 17 17 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 39 48 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 2 small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 3 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 4 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 5 accuracy accuracy NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 6 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 7 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 8 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 9 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 10 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 11 has have VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 12 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 13 been be VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 14 tested test VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 15 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 16 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 17 distributions distribution NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 18 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 19 moderate moderate JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 20 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 21 high high JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 22 degrees degree NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 23 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 24 overdispersion overdispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 40 25 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 41 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 41 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 41 3 little little JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 41 4 attention attention NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 41 5 has have VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 41 6 been be VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 41 7 paid pay VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 41 8 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 41 9 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 41 10 accuracy accuracy NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 41 11 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 41 12 CIs ci NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 41 13 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 41 14 such such JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 41 15 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 41 16 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 41 17 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 41 18 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 2 first first JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 3 aim aim NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 4 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 5 this this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 6 study study NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 7 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 8 therefore therefore RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 9 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 10 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 11 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 12 investigate investigate VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 13 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 14 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 15 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 16 precision precision NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 17 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 18 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 19 coverage coverage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 20 accuracy accuracy NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 21 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 22 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 23 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 24 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 25 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 26 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 27 small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 28 samples sample NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 42 29 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 2 investigation investigation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 3 focuses focus VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 4 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 5 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 6 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 7 k,1 k,1 NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 8 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 9 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 10 address address VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 11 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 12 gap gap NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 13 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 14 existing exist VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 15 studies study NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 16 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 17 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 18 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 19 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 20 k$1 k$1 NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 21 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 22 included include VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 23 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 24 establish establish VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 25 continuity continuity NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 26 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 27 earlier early JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 28 work work NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 43 29 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 2 second second JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 3 aim aim NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 4 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 5 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 6 investigate investigate VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 7 how how WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 8 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 9 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 10 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 11 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 12 affected affect VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 13 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 14 potential potential JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 15 biases bias NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 16 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 17 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 18 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 19 collection collection NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 20 process process NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 21 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 22 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 23 particular particular JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 24 systematic systematic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 25 under under IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 26 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 27 counting counting NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 28 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 29 events event NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 30 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 31 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 32 selection selection NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 33 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 34 inherent inherent JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 35 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 36 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 37 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 38 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 44 39 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 45 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 45 2 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 45 3 transmission transmission NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 45 4 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 45 5 analyzed analyze VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 45 6 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 45 7 Lloyd Lloyd NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 45 8 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 45 9 Smith Smith NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 45 10 et et NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 45 11 al al NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 45 12 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 2 8 8 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 4 fell fall VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 5 into into IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 6 two two CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 7 broad broad JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 8 categories category NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 9 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 10 surveillance surveillance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 11 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 12 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 13 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 14 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 15 each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 16 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 17 which which WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 18 presents present VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 19 challenges challenge NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 20 due due JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 21 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 22 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 23 processes process NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 24 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 25 which which WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 26 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 27 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 28 generated generate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 29 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 30 collected collect VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 46 31 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 47 1 Surveillance surveillance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 47 2 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 47 3 combine combine VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 47 4 information information NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 47 5 about about IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 47 6 many many JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 47 7 separate separate JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 47 8 introductions introduction NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 47 9 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 47 10 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 47 11 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 47 12 into into IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 47 13 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 47 14 population population NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 47 15 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 47 16 hosts host NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 47 17 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 1 Empirical empirical JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 2 offspring offspring NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 3 distributions distribution NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 4 can can MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 5 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 6 constructed construct VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 7 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 8 counting count VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 9 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 10 number number NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 11 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 12 secondary secondary JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 13 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 14 infected infect VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 15 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 16 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 17 first first JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 18 infectious infectious JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 19 individual individual NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 20 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 21 each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 22 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 23 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 24 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 25 ignoring ignore VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 26 all all DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 27 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 28 generations generation NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 29 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 30 transmission transmission NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 32 which which WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 33 often often RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 34 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 35 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 36 reported report VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 37 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 38 detail detail NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 39 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 40 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 41 may may MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 42 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 43 influenced influence VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 44 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 45 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 46 control control NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 47 measures measure NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 48 49 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 2 resulting result VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 3 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 4 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 5 analogous analogous JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 6 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 7 many many JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 8 other other JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 9 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 10 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 11 biology biology NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 12 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 13 compiling compile VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 14 many many JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 15 independent independent JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 16 records record NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 17 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 18 unrelated unrelated JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 19 events event NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 49 20 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 50 1 Datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 50 2 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 50 3 this this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 50 4 type type NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 50 5 can can MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 50 6 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 50 7 affected affect VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 50 8 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 50 9 two two CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 50 10 broad broad JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 50 11 classes class NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 50 12 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 50 13 under under IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 50 14 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 50 15 counting counting NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 50 16 error error NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 50 17 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 1 First first RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 3 data data NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 4 points point NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 5 may may MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 6 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 7 underestimated underestimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 8 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 9 due due IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 10 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 11 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 12 possibility possibility NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 13 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 14 some some DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 15 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 16 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 17 secondary secondary JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 18 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 19 will will MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 20 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 21 overlooked overlook VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 22 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 23 misdiagnosed misdiagnose VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 24 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 25 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 26 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 27 traced trace VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 28 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 29 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 30 individual individual NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 31 that that WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 32 infected infect VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 33 them -PRON- PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 51 34 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 1 Second second RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 3 individuals individual NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 4 who who WP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 5 do do VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 6 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 7 transmit transmit VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 8 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 9 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 10 may may MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 11 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 12 more more RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 13 likely likely JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 14 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 15 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 16 missed miss VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 17 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 18 surveillance surveillance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 19 programs program NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 20 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 21 because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 23 do do VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 24 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 25 initiate initiate VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 26 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 27 cluster cluster NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 28 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 29 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 30 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 31 thus thus RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 32 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 33 less less RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 34 likely likely JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 35 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 36 attract attract VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 37 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 38 attention attention NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 39 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 40 health health NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 41 authorities authority NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 52 42 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 2 instances instance NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 3 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 4 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 5 particular particular JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 6 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 8 i.e. i.e. FW cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 9 x x NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 10 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 11 0 0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 12 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 13 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 14 no no DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 15 secondary secondary JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 16 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 18 may may MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 19 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 20 systematically systematically RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 21 under under RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 22 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 23 counted count VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 24 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 25 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 26 surveillance surveillance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 27 samples sample NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 53 28 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 1 These these DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 2 two two CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 3 classes class NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 4 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 5 under under IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 6 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 7 counting counting NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 8 error error NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 9 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 10 common common JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 11 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 12 many many JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 13 types type NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 14 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 15 biological biological JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 16 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 18 e.g. e.g. RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 19 18 18 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 20 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 21 19 19 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 22 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 23 20 20 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 54 25 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 1 Outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 2 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 3 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 4 comprising comprise VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 5 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 6 second second JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 7 category category NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 8 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 9 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 10 transmission transmission NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 11 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 12 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 13 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 14 more more RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 15 unique unique JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 16 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 17 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 18 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 19 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 20 ecology ecology NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 55 21 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 1 Offspring offspring NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 2 distributions distribution NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 3 drawn draw VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 4 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 5 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 6 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 7 include include VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 8 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 9 number number NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 10 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 11 secondary secondary JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 12 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 13 caused cause VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 14 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 15 many many JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 16 individuals individual NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 17 within within IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 18 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 19 single single JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 20 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 21 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 56 22 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 1 These these DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 2 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 3 arise arise VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 4 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 5 several several JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 6 generations generation NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 7 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 8 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 9 spread spread NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 11 typically typically RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 12 early early RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 13 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 14 an an DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 15 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 16 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 17 before before IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 18 control control NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 19 measures measure NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 20 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 21 imposed impose VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 23 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 24 fully fully RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 25 reconstructed reconstruct VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 26 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 27 contact contact NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 28 tracing tracing NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 29 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 30 so so IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 31 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 32 number number NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 33 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 34 secondary secondary JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 35 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 36 caused cause VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 37 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 38 each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 39 infectious infectious JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 40 case case NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 41 can can MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 42 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 43 determined determine VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 57 44 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 58 1 Lloyd Lloyd NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 58 2 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 58 3 Smith Smith NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 58 4 et et NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 58 5 al al NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 58 6 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 2 8 8 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 4 showed show VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 5 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 6 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 7 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 8 degree degree NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 9 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 10 infectiousness infectiousness NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 11 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 12 highly highly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 13 overdispersed overdispersed JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 15 e.g. e.g. RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 16 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 17 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 18 offspring offspring NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 19 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 20 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 21 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 22 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 23 k,1 k,1 NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 25 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 26 many many JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 27 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 28 will will MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 29 die die VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 30 out out RP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 31 stochastically stochastically RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 32 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 33 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 34 first first JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 35 few few JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 36 generations generation NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 37 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 38 spread spread NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 59 39 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 1 In in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 2 such such JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 3 situations situation NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 4 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 5 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 6 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 7 that that WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 8 survive survive VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 9 tend tend VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 10 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 11 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 12 those those DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 13 where where WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 14 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 15 highly highly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 16 infectious infectious JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 17 individual individual NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 19 i.e. i.e. FW cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 20 an an DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 21 individual individual NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 22 whose whose WP$ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 23 number number NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 24 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 25 secondary secondary JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 26 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 27 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 28 drawn draw VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 29 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 30 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 31 right right JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 32 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 33 hand hand NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 34 tail tail NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 35 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 36 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 37 offspring offspring NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 38 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 40 appears appear VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 41 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 42 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 43 early early JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 44 generations generation NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 46 8 8 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 60 48 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 1 Because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 2 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 3 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 4 necessarily necessarily RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 5 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 6 drawn draw VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 7 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 8 successful successful JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 9 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 10 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 11 there there EX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 12 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 13 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 14 possibility possibility NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 15 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 16 selection selection NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 17 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 18 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 19 an an DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 20 increased increase VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 21 proportion proportion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 22 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 23 exceptionally exceptionally RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 24 infectious infectious JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 25 individuals individual NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 26 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 27 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 28 ' ' `` cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 29 superspreaders superspreader NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 30 ' ' '' cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 32 21 21 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 61 34 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 1 Intuitively intuitively RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 3 this this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 4 risk risk NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 5 appears appear VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 6 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 7 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 8 particularly particularly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 9 acute acute JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 10 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 11 offspring offspring NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 12 distributions distribution NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 13 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 14 lower low JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 15 mean mean JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 16 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 17 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 18 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 19 which which WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 20 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 21 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 22 's 's POS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 23 growth growth NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 24 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 25 more more RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 26 dependent dependent JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 27 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 28 chance chance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 62 29 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 2 Note note VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 3 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 4 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 5 mean mean NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 6 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 7 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 8 offspring offspring NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 9 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 10 corresponds correspond VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 11 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 12 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 13 basic basic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 14 reproduction reproduction NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 15 number number NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 16 R r NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 17 0 0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 18 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 19 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 20 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 22 8 8 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 23 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 24 22 22 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 63 27 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 64 1 Four four CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 64 2 types type NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 64 3 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 64 4 simulated simulated JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 64 5 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 64 6 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 64 7 examined examine VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 64 8 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 65 1 In in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 65 2 all all DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 65 3 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 65 4 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 65 5 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 65 6 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 65 7 comprised comprise VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 65 8 n n CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 65 9 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 65 10 , , . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 66 1 x x LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 66 2 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 67 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 67 2 i i NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 67 3 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 67 4 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 67 5 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 67 6 2 2 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 67 7 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 67 8 … … NFP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 67 9 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 67 10 n n LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 67 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 67 12 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 67 13 generated generate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 67 14 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 67 15 described describe VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 67 16 below below RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 67 17 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 1 In in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 2 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 3 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 4 context context NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 5 that that WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 6 motivated motivate VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 7 this this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 8 study study NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 9 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 10 these these DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 11 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 12 x x : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 13 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 14 correspond correspond VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 15 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 16 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 17 numbers number NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 18 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 19 secondary secondary JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 20 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 21 that that WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 22 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 23 infected infect VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 24 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 25 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 26 different different JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 27 infectious infectious JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 28 individuals individual NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 29 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 30 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 31 similar similar JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 32 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 33 could could MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 34 arise arise VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 35 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 36 many many JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 37 other other JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 38 processes process NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 68 39 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 69 1 All all DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 69 2 simulations simulation NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 69 3 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 69 4 conducted conduct VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 69 5 using use VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 69 6 Matlab Matlab NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 69 7 v6.1 v6.1 NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 69 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 69 9 MathWorks MathWorks NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 69 10 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 69 11 Cambridge Cambridge NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 69 12 MA MA NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 69 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 69 14 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 70 1 2.1.1 2.1.1 LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 70 2 Negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 70 3 binomial binomial JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 70 4 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 1 Because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 2 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 3 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 4 random random JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 5 number number NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 6 generator generator NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 7 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 8 Matlab Matlab NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 9 v6.1 v6.1 NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 11 nbinrnd nbinrnd NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 13 does do VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 14 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 15 allow allow VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 16 noninteger noninteg JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 17 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 18 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 19 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 20 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 21 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 22 random random JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 23 variates variate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 24 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 25 simulated simulate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 26 using use VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 27 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 28 fact fact NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 29 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 30 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 31 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 32 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 33 can can MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 34 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 35 derived derive VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 36 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 37 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 38 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 39 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 40 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 41 gamma gamma NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 42 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 43 distributed distribute VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 44 intensity intensity NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 45 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 46 i.e. i.e. FW cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 47 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 48 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 49 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 50 gamma gamma NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 51 mixture mixture NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 52 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 53 23 23 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 54 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 55 24 24 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 56 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 71 57 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 72 1 First first RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 72 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 72 3 n n JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 72 4 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 1 g g NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 2 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 3 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 4 drawn draw VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 5 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 6 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 7 gamma gamma NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 8 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 9 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 10 mean mean JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 11 m m NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 12 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 13 dispersion dispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 14 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 15 k. k. NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 16 Second Second NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 17 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 18 each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 19 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 20 these these DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 21 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 22 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 23 used use VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 24 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 25 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 26 intensity intensity NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 27 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 28 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 29 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 30 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 31 random random JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 32 variate variate NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 33 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 34 yield yield VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 35 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 36 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 37 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 38 distributed distribute VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 73 39 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 74 1 x x LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 74 2 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 74 3 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 74 4 i.e. i.e. FW cord-344870-tbgqulpu 74 5 x x NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 74 6 i i NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 74 7 = = : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 74 8 Poisson(g Poisson(g NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 74 9 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 74 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 74 11 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 75 1 Random random JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 75 2 variates variate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 75 3 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 75 4 generated generate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 75 5 using use VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 75 6 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 75 7 Matlab Matlab NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 75 8 functions function NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 75 9 gamrnd gamrnd NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 75 10 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 75 11 poissrnd poissrnd NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 75 12 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 1 counting count VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 2 To to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 3 simulate simulate VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 4 surveillance surveillance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 5 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 6 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 7 uniform uniform JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 8 under under RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 9 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 10 counting counting NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 11 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 12 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 13 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 15 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 16 assumed assume VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 17 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 18 each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 19 secondary secondary JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 20 case case NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 21 can can MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 22 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 23 missed miss VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 24 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 25 surveillance surveillance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 26 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 27 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 28 fixed fixed JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 29 probability probability NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 30 p p NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 31 u u NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 76 32 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 1 Raw raw JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 2 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 3 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 4 drawn draw VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 5 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 6 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 7 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 8 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 9 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 10 parameters parameter NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 11 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 12 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 13 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 14 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 15 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 16 described describe VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 17 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 18 section section NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 19 2.1.1 2.1.1 NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 20 above above RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 77 21 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 78 1 Each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 78 2 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 78 3 x x NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 79 1 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 79 2 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 79 3 then then RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 79 4 decreased decrease VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 79 5 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 79 6 an an DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 79 7 amount amount NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 80 1 d d NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 80 2 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 80 3 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 1 binomial(x binomial(x NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 2 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 3 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 4 p p NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 5 u u NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 7 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 8 generated generate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 9 using use VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 10 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 11 Matlab Matlab NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 12 function function NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 13 binornd binornd RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 14 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 15 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 16 represent represent VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 17 under under RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 18 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 19 counting counting NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 81 20 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 82 1 zeroes zero NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 1 To to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 2 simulate simulate VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 3 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 4 possible possible JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 5 under under NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 6 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 7 reporting reporting NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 8 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 9 individuals individual NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 10 who who WP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 11 cause cause VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 12 no no DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 13 secondary secondary JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 14 infections infection NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 15 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 17 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 18 assumed assume VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 19 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 20 all all DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 21 individuals individual NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 22 who who WP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 23 caused cause VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 24 x x NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 25 i i NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 26 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 27 0 0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 28 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 29 can can MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 30 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 31 overlooked overlook VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 32 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 33 some some DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 34 fixed fixed JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 35 probability probability NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 36 p p NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 37 z z NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 38 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 39 while while IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 40 all all DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 41 other other JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 42 individuals individual NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 43 have have VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 44 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 45 full full JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 46 case case NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 47 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 48 count count NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 49 recorded record VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 83 50 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 84 1 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 84 2 samples sample NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 84 3 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 84 4 generated generate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 84 5 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 84 6 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 84 7 section section NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 84 8 2.1.1 2.1.1 NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 84 9 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 84 10 then then RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 84 11 any any DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 84 12 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 85 1 x x LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 85 2 i i NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 85 3 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 85 4 0 0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 85 5 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 85 6 deleted delete VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 85 7 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 85 8 probability probability NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 85 9 p p NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 85 10 z z NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 85 11 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 85 12 replaced replace VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 85 13 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 85 14 another another DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 85 15 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 85 16 random random JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 85 17 variate variate NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 85 18 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 86 1 If if IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 86 2 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 86 3 new new JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 86 4 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 86 5 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 86 6 also also RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 86 7 0 0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 86 8 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 86 9 then then RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 86 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 86 11 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 86 12 again again RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 86 13 replaced replace VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 86 14 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 86 15 probability probability NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 86 16 p p NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 86 17 z z NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 86 18 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 87 1 This this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 87 2 process process NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 87 3 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 87 4 repeated repeat VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 87 5 until until IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 87 6 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 87 7 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 87 8 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 87 9 n n JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 87 10 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 87 11 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 87 12 generated generate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 87 13 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 87 14 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 87 15 which which WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 87 16 each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 87 17 remaining remain VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 87 18 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 88 1 x x LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 88 2 i i NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 88 3 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 88 4 0 0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 88 5 had have VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 88 6 avoided avoid VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 88 7 replacement replacement NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 88 8 exactly exactly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 88 9 once once RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 88 10 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 89 1 2.1.4 2.1.4 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 89 2 Outbreak Outbreak NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 89 3 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 1 To to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 2 generate generate VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 3 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 4 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 5 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 6 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 7 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 8 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 9 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 10 simulated simulate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 11 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 12 discrete discrete JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 13 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 14 time time NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 15 branching branch VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 16 processes process NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 17 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 18 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 19 offspring offspring NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 20 distributions distribution NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 21 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 22 using use VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 23 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 24 method method NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 25 described describe VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 26 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 27 Lloyd Lloyd NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 28 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 29 Smith Smith NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 30 et et NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 31 al al NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 90 32 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 91 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 91 2 8 8 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 91 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 91 4 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 1 Each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 2 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 3 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 4 assumed assume VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 5 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 6 begin begin VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 7 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 8 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 9 single single JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 10 infected infected JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 11 individual individual NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 12 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 13 who who WP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 14 transmits transmit VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 15 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 16 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 17 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 18 x x NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 19 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 20 other other JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 21 individuals individual NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 22 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 23 where where WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 24 x x NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 25 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 26 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 27 drawn draw VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 28 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 29 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 30 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 31 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 32 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 33 parameters parameter NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 34 m m NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 92 35 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 93 1 k. k. NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 93 2 Each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 93 3 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 93 4 these these DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 93 5 second second JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 93 6 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 93 7 generation generation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 93 8 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 93 9 infects infect VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 94 1 x x LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 94 2 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 1 other other JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 2 individuals individual NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 3 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 4 where where WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 5 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 6 x x NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 7 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 8 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 9 independent independent JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 10 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 11 identically identically RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 12 distributed distribute VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 13 draws draw VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 14 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 15 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 16 same same JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 17 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 18 offspring offspring NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 19 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 95 20 ; ; : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 96 1 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 96 2 number number NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 96 3 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 96 4 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 96 5 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 96 6 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 96 7 third third JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 96 8 generation generation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 96 9 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 96 10 then then RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 96 11 X x NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 96 12 x1z1 x1z1 . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 97 1 i~2 i~2 NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 98 1 x x LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 98 2 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 98 3 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 1 This this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 2 process process NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 3 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 4 repeated repeat VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 5 until until IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 6 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 7 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 8 number number NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 9 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 10 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 11 exceeded exceed VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 12 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 13 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 14 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 15 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 16 x x NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 17 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 18 values value VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 19 corresponding correspond VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 20 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 21 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 22 first first JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 23 n n JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 24 infectious infectious JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 25 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 26 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 27 used use VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 28 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 29 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 30 simulated simulated JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 31 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 32 dataset dataset NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 99 33 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 1 To to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 2 mirror mirror VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 3 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 4 selection selection NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 5 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 6 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 7 using use VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 8 real real JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 9 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 10 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 11 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 12 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 13 given give VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 14 size size NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 15 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 16 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 17 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 18 simulated simulate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 19 repeatedly repeatedly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 20 until until IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 21 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 22 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 23 number number NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 24 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 25 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 26 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 27 n n JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 28 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 29 higher high JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 100 30 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 101 1 Outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 101 2 that that WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 101 3 died die VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 101 4 out out RP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 101 5 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 101 6 fewer few JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 101 7 than than IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 101 8 n n CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 101 9 total total JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 101 10 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 101 11 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 101 12 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 101 13 used use VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 101 14 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 1 Large large JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 2 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 3 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 4 less less RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 5 likely likely JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 6 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 7 m,1 m,1 NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 8 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 9 particularly particularly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 10 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 11 k.1 k.1 JJS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 12 where where WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 13 extremely extremely RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 14 infectious infectious JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 15 individuals individual NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 17 who who WP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 18 cause cause VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 19 large large JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 20 superspreading superspreading NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 21 events event NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 23 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 24 very very RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 25 rare rare JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 102 26 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 1 No no DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 2 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 3 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 4 reported report VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 5 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 6 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 7 sets set NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 8 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 9 which which WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 10 fewer few JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 11 than than IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 12 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 13 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 14 10 10 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 15 5 5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 16 simulated simulate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 17 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 18 had have VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 19 n n CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 20 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 21 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 22 more more JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 103 23 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 104 1 Otherwise otherwise RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 104 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 104 3 simulations simulation NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 104 4 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 104 5 repeated repeat VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 104 6 until until IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 104 7 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 104 8 desired desire VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 104 9 number number NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 104 10 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 104 11 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 104 12 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 104 13 obtained obtain VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 104 14 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 1 For for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 2 each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 3 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 4 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 5 above above JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 6 classes class NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 7 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 8 simulated simulated JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 9 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 10 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 11 10,000 10,000 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 12 simulated simulate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 13 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 14 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 15 generated generate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 16 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 17 each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 18 combination combination NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 19 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 20 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 21 mean mean JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 22 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 23 = = NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 24 { { -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 25 0.5 0.5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 26 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 27 1.0 1.0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 28 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 29 3.0 3.0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 30 } } -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 31 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 32 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 33 dispersion dispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 34 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 35 k k XX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 36 = = NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 37 { { -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 38 0.1 0.1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 39 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 40 0.3 0.3 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 41 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 42 0.7 0.7 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 43 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 44 1.0 1.0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 45 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 46 3.0 3.0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 47 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 48 10.0 10.0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 49 } } -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 50 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 51 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 52 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 53 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 54 size size NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 55 n n NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 56 = = NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 57 { { -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 58 10 10 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 59 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 60 30 30 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 61 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 62 100 100 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 63 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 64 300 300 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 65 } } -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 66 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 67 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 68 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 69 full full JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 70 factorial factorial JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 71 design design NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 105 72 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 1 Datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 2 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 3 no no DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 4 non non JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 5 - - JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 6 zero zero JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 7 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 8 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 9 x x NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 10 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 11 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 12 rejected reject VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 13 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 14 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 15 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 16 can can MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 17 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 18 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 19 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 20 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 21 all all DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 22 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 23 zero zero CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 24 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 106 25 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 107 1 For for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 107 2 each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 107 3 simulated simulate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 107 4 dataset dataset NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 107 5 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 107 6 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 107 7 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 107 8 estimate estimate NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 107 9 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 107 10 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 107 11 determined determine VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 107 12 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 107 13 described describe VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 107 14 below below RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 107 15 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 2 90 90 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 3 % % NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 4 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 5 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 6 calculated calculate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 7 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 8 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 10 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 11 recorded record VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 12 whether whether IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 13 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 14 true true JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 15 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 16 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 17 fell fall VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 18 within within IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 19 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 20 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 21 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 22 above above IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 23 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 24 upper upper JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 25 bound bound NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 27 termed term VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 28 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 29 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 30 underestimate underestimate NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 32 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 33 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 34 below below IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 35 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 36 lower low JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 37 bound bind VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 39 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 40 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 41 overestimate overestimate NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 108 43 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 2 90 90 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 3 % % NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 4 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 5 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 6 studied study VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 7 instead instead RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 8 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 9 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 10 95 95 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 11 % % NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 12 interval interval NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 13 because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 14 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 15 more more RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 16 extreme extreme JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 17 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 18 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 19 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 20 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 21 most most RBS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 22 difficult difficult JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 23 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 24 estimate estimate VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 25 accurately accurately RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 26 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 27 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 28 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 29 match match VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 30 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 31 presented present VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 32 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 33 Lloyd Lloyd NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 34 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 35 Smith Smith NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 36 et et NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 37 al al NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 109 38 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 110 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 110 2 8 8 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 110 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 110 4 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 1 An an DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 2 extensive extensive JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 3 statistical statistical JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 4 literature literature NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 5 exists exist VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 6 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 7 ML ml NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 8 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 9 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 10 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 11 parameters parameter NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 13 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 14 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 15 10 10 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 16 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 17 11 11 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 18 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 19 13 13 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 20 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 21 15 15 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 22 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 23 17 17 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 111 25 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 1 This this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 2 work work NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 3 shows show VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 4 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 6 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 7 better well JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 8 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 9 make make VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 10 inferences inference NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 11 about about IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 12 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 13 indirectly indirectly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 14 via via IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 16 reciprocal reciprocal JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 17 a a NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 18 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 112 19 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 113 1 /k /k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 113 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 113 3 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 113 4 two two CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 113 5 reasons reason NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 113 6 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 1 First first RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 3 use use NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 4 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 5 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 6 reciprocal reciprocal JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 7 avoids avoid VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 8 discontinuities discontinuity NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 9 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 10 homogeneous homogeneous JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 11 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 12 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 13 because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 14 increasing increase VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 15 homogeneity homogeneity NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 16 yields yield NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 17 aR0 ar0 IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 18 instead instead RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 19 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 20 kR kR NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 21 ' ' '' cord-344870-tbgqulpu 114 22 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 115 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 115 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 115 3 there there EX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 115 4 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 115 5 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 115 6 continuous continuous JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 115 7 transition transition NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 115 8 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 115 9 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 115 10 a,0 a,0 . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 1 corresponding correspond VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 2 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 3 underdispersion underdispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 5 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 6 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 7 variance variance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 8 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 9 less less JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 10 than than IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 11 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 12 mean mean NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 14 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 15 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 16 which which WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 17 direct direct JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 18 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 19 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 20 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 21 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 22 problematic problematic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 24 14 14 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 25 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 26 25 25 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 116 28 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 1 Second second RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 3 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 4 sampling sampling NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 5 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 6 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 7 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 8 tends tend VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 9 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 10 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 11 more more RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 12 symmetric symmetric JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 13 than than IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 14 that that DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 15 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 16 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 18 13 13 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 21 an an DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 22 example example NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 23 using use VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 24 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 25 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 26 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 27 shown show VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 28 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 29 Fig Fig NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 117 30 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 118 1 SI-1 SI-1 NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 118 2 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 118 3 Lloyd Lloyd NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 118 4 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 118 5 Smith Smith NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 118 6 et et NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 118 7 al al NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 118 8 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 119 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 119 2 8 8 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 119 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 119 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 119 5 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 1 In in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 2 this this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 3 study study NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 4 ML ml NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 5 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 6 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 7 conducted conduct VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 8 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 9 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 10 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 11 a a NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 12 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 13 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 14 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 15 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 16 reported report VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 17 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 18 terms term NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 19 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 20 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 21 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 22 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 23 / / SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 24 â â NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 25 because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 26 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 27 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 28 more more RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 29 familiar familiar JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 30 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 31 epidemiologists epidemiologist NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 32 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 33 ecologists ecologist NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 120 34 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 1 Estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 2 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 3 â â LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 4 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 5 restricted restrict VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 6 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 7 positive positive JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 8 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 9 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 10 because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 11 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 12 allowed allow VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 13 range range NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 14 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 15 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 16 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 18 0 0 NFP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 19 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 20 ' ' '' cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 121 22 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 122 1 Underdispersed underdispersed JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 122 2 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 122 3 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 122 4 assigned assign VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 122 5 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 122 6 minimum minimum JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 122 7 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 122 8 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 122 9 â â NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 122 10 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 122 11 corresponding correspond VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 122 12 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 122 13 kR kR NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 122 14 ' ' '' cord-344870-tbgqulpu 122 15 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 1 This this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 2 approximation approximation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 3 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 4 reasonable reasonable JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 5 because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 6 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 7 study study NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 8 focuses focus VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 9 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 10 highly highly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 11 overdispersed overdisperse VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 12 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 13 distributions distribution NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 15 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 16 k,1 k,1 NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 18 ; ; : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 19 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 20 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 21 â â CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 22 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 23 underdispersed underdispersed JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 24 data data NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 25 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 26 discussed discuss VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 27 indepth indepth JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 28 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 30 14 14 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 31 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 32 15 15 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 33 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 34 17 17 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 35 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 36 25 25 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 123 38 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 124 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 124 2 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 124 3 estimate estimate NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 124 4 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 124 5 m m NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 124 6 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 125 1 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 125 2 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 125 3 mean mean NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 125 4 , , . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 126 1 x x LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 126 2 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 126 3 10 10 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 126 4 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 126 5 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 2 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 3 estimate estimate NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 4 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 5 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 6 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 7 determined determine VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 8 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 9 unidimensional unidimensional JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 10 numerical numerical JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 11 maximization maximization NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 12 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 13 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 14 log log NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 15 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 16 likelihood likelihood NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 17 function function NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 19 15 15 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 21 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 22 conducted conduct VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 23 using use VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 24 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 25 fminbnd fminbnd NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 26 function function NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 27 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 28 Matlab Matlab NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 29 6.1 6.1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 30 over over IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 31 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 32 interval interval NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 34 0.001,1000 0.001,1000 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 127 36 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 2 termination termination NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 3 tolerance tolerance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 4 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 5 set set VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 6 sufficiently sufficiently RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 7 small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 8 that that DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 9 negligible negligible JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 10 accuracy accuracy NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 11 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 12 lost lose VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 13 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 14 inverting invert VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 15 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 16 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 17 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 18 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 19 direct direct JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 20 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 21 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 22 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 23 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 25 obtained obtain VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 26 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 27 maximizing maximize VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 28 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 29 log log NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 30 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 31 likelihood likelihood NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 32 function function NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 33 derived derive VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 34 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 35 equation equation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 37 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 40 matched match VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 41 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 42 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 43 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 44 / / SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 45 â â NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 46 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 47 beyond beyond IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 48 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 49 fourth fourth JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 50 decimal decimal JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 51 place place NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 128 52 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 1 Reported report VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 2 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 3 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 4 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 5 thus thus RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 6 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 7 drawn draw VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 8 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 9 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 10 range range NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 12 0.001,1000 0.001,1000 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 14 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 15 which which WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 16 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 17 much much RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 18 broader broad JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 19 than than IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 20 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 21 range range NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 22 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 23 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 24 commonly commonly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 25 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 26 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 27 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 28 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 30 e.g. e.g. IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 31 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 32 range range NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 33 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 34 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 35 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 37 0.032,5.1 0.032,5.1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 39 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 40 11 11 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 41 uncontrolled uncontrolled JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 42 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 43 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 45 8 8 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 47 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 48 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 50 0.038,6.014 0.038,6.014 NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 52 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 53 49 49 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 54 macroparasite macroparasite NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 55 burden burden NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 56 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 57 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 58 4 4 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 59 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 129 61 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 130 1 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 130 2 distributions distribution NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 130 3 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 130 4 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 130 5 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 130 6 1000 1000 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 131 1 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 131 2 kR kR NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 131 3 ' ' '' cord-344870-tbgqulpu 131 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 131 5 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 131 6 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 131 7 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 131 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 131 9 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 131 10 indistinguishable indistinguishable JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 131 11 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 131 12 practice practice NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 131 13 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 1 Confidence confidence NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 2 intervals interval NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 3 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 4 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 5 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 6 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 7 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 8 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 9 asymptotic asymptotic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 10 variance variance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 11 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 12 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 13 sampling sampling NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 14 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 15 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 16 given give VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 17 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 18 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 19 inverse inverse NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 20 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 21 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 22 information information NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 23 matrix matrix NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 25 24 24 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 132 27 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 1 For for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 2 11 11 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 3 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 4 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 5 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 6 intervals interval NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 7 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 8 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 9 this this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 10 way way NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 11 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 12 very very RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 13 similar similar JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 14 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 15 those those DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 16 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 17 using use VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 18 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 19 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 20 corrected correct VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 21 bootstrap bootstrap NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 22 methods method NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 24 both both DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 25 parametric parametric JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 26 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 27 nonparametric nonparametric JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 29 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 30 asymptotic asymptotic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 31 variance variance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 32 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 33 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 34 zero zero CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 35 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 36 class class NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 37 estimator estimator NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 38 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 39 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 41 8 8 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 133 43 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 1 For for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 2 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 3 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 4 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 5 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 6 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 7 â â NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 8 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 9 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 10 asymptotic asymptotic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 11 sampling sampling NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 12 variances variance NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 14 s s NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 15 2 2 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 16 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 17 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 18 s s NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 19 2 2 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 20 a a NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 22 can can MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 23 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 24 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 25 expressed express VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 26 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 27 closed closed JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 28 form form NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 29 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 30 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 31 easily easily RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 32 calculated calculate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 33 numerically numerically RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 35 10 10 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 36 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 37 17 17 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 134 39 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 135 1 These these DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 135 2 variances variance NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 135 3 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 135 4 related relate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 135 5 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 135 6 s s NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 136 1 2 2 LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 136 2 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 137 1 ~s ~s NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 137 2 2 2 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 137 3 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 137 4 .k .k . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 137 5 4 4 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 137 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 137 7 13 13 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 137 8 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 137 9 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 1 In in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 2 this this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 3 study study NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 4 s s NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 5 2 2 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 6 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 7 a a NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 8 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 9 calculated calculate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 10 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 11 each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 12 simulated simulate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 13 dataset dataset NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 14 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 15 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 16 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 17 90 90 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 18 % % NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 19 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 20 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 21 â â LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 22 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 23 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 24 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 26 â2z â2z NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 27 0.95 0.95 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 28 s s NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 29 â â NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 138 30 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 1 â+z â+z JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 2 0.95 0.95 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 3 s s NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 4 â â NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 6 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 7 where where WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 8 z z NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 9 0.95 0.95 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 10 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 11 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 12 95 95 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 13 th th XX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 14 percentile percentile NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 15 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 16 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 17 standard standard JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 18 normal normal JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 19 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 21 24 24 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 139 23 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 140 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 140 2 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 140 3 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 140 4 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 140 5 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 140 6 generated generate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 140 7 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 140 8 inverting invert VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 140 9 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 140 10 reversing reverse VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 140 11 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 140 12 endpoints endpoint NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 140 13 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 140 14 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 140 15 interval interval NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 140 16 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 140 17 â â LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 140 18 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 1 When when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 2 â2z â2z NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 3 0.95 0.95 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 4 s s NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 5 â â NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 6 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 7 0 0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 8 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 9 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 10 upper upper JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 11 bound bind VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 12 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 13 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 14 interval interval NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 15 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 16 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 17 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 18 assumed assume VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 19 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 20 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 21 kR kR NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 22 ' ' '' cord-344870-tbgqulpu 141 23 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 142 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 142 2 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 142 3 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 142 4 unaltered unaltered JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 142 5 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 142 6 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 142 7 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 142 8 shown show VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 142 9 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 142 10 Figure figure NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 142 11 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 142 12 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 1 Boxplots boxplot NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 2 show show VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 3 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 4 median median NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 5 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 6 interquartile interquartile JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 7 range range NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 9 IQR IQR NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 11 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 13 5 5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 14 th th XX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 15 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 16 95 95 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 17 th th XX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 19 percentile percentile JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 20 interval interval NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 21 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 22 10,000 10,000 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 23 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 24 estimates estimate VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 25 k k XX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 26 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 27 each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 28 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 29 set set VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 30 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 31 while while IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 32 vertical vertical JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 33 lines line NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 34 show show VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 35 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 36 true true JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 37 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 38 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 143 39 k. k. NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 1 In in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 2 general general JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 3 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 4 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 5 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 6 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 7 biased bias VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 8 upward upward RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 10 i.e. i.e. FW cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 11 favoring favor VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 12 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 13 k.k k.k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 15 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 16 converge converge VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 17 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 18 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 19 true true JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 20 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 21 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 22 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 23 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 24 size size NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 25 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 26 increases increase NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 144 27 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 1 For for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 2 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 3 given give VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 4 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 5 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 6 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 7 tends tend VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 8 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 9 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 10 less less RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 11 biased biased JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 13 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 14 median median JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 15 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 16 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 17 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 18 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 19 closer close JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 20 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 21 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 23 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 24 more more RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 25 precise precise JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 27 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 28 IQRs iqr NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 29 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 30 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 31 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 32 smaller small JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 34 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 35 larger large JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 36 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 37 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 38 m m NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 39 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 40 smaller small JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 41 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 42 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 43 k. k. NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 44 Numbers number NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 45 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 46 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 47 right right NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 48 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 49 each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 50 subplot subplot NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 51 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 52 Figure figure NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 145 53 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 146 1 show show VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 146 2 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 146 3 coverage coverage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 146 4 accuracy accuracy NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 146 5 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 146 6 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 146 7 CIs CIs NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 146 8 estimated estimate VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 146 9 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 146 10 k. k. NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 2 two two CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 3 numbers number NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 4 y/ y/ NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 5 z z NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 6 show show NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 7 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 8 respectively respectively RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 9 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 10 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 11 percentage percentage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 12 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 13 simulations simulation NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 14 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 15 which which WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 16 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 17 true true JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 18 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 19 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 20 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 21 fell fall VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 22 below below RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 23 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 24 above above IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 25 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 26 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 27 CI ci NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 147 28 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 148 1 For for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 148 2 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 148 3 90 90 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 148 4 % % NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 148 5 intervals interval NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 148 6 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 148 7 here here RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 148 8 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 148 9 perfect perfect JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 148 10 coverage coverage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 148 11 would would MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 148 12 yield yield VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 148 13 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 148 14 5.0/5.0 5.0/5.0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 148 15 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 1 For for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 2 almost almost RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 3 all all DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 4 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 5 sets set VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 6 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 7 proportion proportion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 8 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 9 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 10 overestimates overestimate VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 12 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 13 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 14 lower lower RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 15 bound bind VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 16 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 17 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 18 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 19 exceeds exceed VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 20 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 21 true true JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 22 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 24 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 25 greater great JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 26 than than IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 27 5 5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 28 % % NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 29 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 30 sometimes sometimes RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 31 substantially substantially RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 32 so so RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 149 33 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 150 1 This this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 150 2 pattern pattern NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 150 3 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 150 4 broken break VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 150 5 only only RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 150 6 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 150 7 small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 150 8 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 150 9 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 150 10 large large JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 151 1 k. k. NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 1 For for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 2 all all DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 3 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 4 sets set VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 5 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 6 proportion proportion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 7 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 8 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 9 underestimates underestimate VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 11 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 12 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 13 upper upper JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 14 bound bind VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 15 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 16 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 17 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 18 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 19 below below IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 20 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 21 true true JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 22 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 152 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 153 1 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 153 2 less less JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 153 3 than than IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 153 4 5 5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 153 5 % % NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 153 6 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 1 When when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 2 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 3 proportion proportion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 4 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 5 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 6 overestimates overestimate VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 7 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 8 very very RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 9 high high JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 11 .10 .10 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 12 % % NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 13 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 14 say say UH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 16 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 17 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 18 underestimates underestimate VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 19 tend tend VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 20 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 21 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 22 almost almost RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 23 non non JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 24 - - JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 25 existent existent JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 154 26 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 2 true true JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 3 coverage coverage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 4 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 5 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 6 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 7 90 90 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 8 % % NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 9 CIs ci NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 11 calculated calculate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 12 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 14 1002y2z)% 1002y2z)% CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 16 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 17 generally generally RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 18 less less JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 19 than than IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 20 90 90 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 21 % % NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 22 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 23 although although IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 25 often often RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 26 approaches approach VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 27 this this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 28 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 29 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 30 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 31 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 32 300 300 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 155 33 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 1 Again again RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 3 there there EX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 4 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 5 an an DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 6 exception exception NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 7 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 8 small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 9 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 10 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 11 large large JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 12 k k XX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 13 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 14 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 15 realized realize VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 16 coverage coverage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 17 exceeds exceed VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 18 90 90 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 19 % % NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 20 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 21 reaches reach VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 22 100 100 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 23 % % NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 24 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 25 some some DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 26 instances instance NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 28 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 29 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 30 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 31 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 32 extremely extremely RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 33 broad broad JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 156 35 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 157 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 157 2 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 157 3 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 157 4 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 157 5 surveillance surveillance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 157 6 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 157 7 subject subject JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 157 8 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 157 9 uniform uniform JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 157 10 undercounting undercounting NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 157 11 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 157 12 shown show VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 157 13 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 157 14 Figure figure NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 157 15 2 2 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 157 16 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 1 Results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 2 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 3 shown show VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 4 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 5 two two CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 6 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 7 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 8 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 9 probability probability NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 10 p p NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 11 u u NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 12 that that WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 13 any any DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 14 given give VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 15 secondary secondary JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 16 case case NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 17 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 18 missed miss VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 19 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 20 surveillance surveillance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 158 21 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 159 1 When when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 159 2 p p NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 159 3 u u NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 159 4 = = NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 159 5 0.2 0.2 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 159 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 159 7 Fig Fig NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 159 8 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 159 9 2a 2a CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 159 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 160 1 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 160 2 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 160 3 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 160 4 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 160 5 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 160 6 these these DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 160 7 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 160 8 differed differ VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 160 9 only only RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 160 10 slightly slightly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 160 11 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 160 12 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 160 13 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 160 14 raw raw JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 160 15 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 160 16 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 3 . . NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 4 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 6 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 7 exhibiting exhibit VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 8 all all PDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 9 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 10 same same JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 11 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 12 patterns pattern NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 13 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 14 slightly slightly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 15 worse bad JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 16 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 17 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 18 precision precision NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 161 19 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 162 1 When when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 162 2 p p NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 162 3 u u NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 162 4 = = NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 162 5 0.5 0.5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 3 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 4 2b 2b NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 6 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 7 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 8 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 9 similar similar JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 10 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 11 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 12 more more RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 13 extreme extreme JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 14 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 15 differences difference NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 16 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 17 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 18 raw raw JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 19 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 20 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 163 21 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 1 Results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 2 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 3 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 4 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 5 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 6 surveillance surveillance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 7 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 8 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 9 underreporting underreporting NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 10 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 11 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 12 zero zero CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 13 class class NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 14 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 15 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 16 which which WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 17 individuals individual NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 18 who who WP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 19 caused cause VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 20 x x NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 21 i i NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 22 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 23 0 0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 24 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 25 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 26 omitted omit VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 27 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 28 simulated simulated JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 29 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 30 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 31 probability probability NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 32 p p NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 33 z z NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 34 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 35 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 36 shown show VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 37 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 38 Figure Figure NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 39 3 3 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 164 40 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 165 1 For for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 165 2 both both DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 165 3 p p NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 165 4 z z NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 165 5 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 165 6 0.2 0.2 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 165 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 165 8 Fig Fig NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 165 9 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 165 10 3a 3a NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 165 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 165 12 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 165 13 p p NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 165 14 z z NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 165 15 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 165 16 0.5 0.5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 166 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 166 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 166 3 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 166 4 3b 3b CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 166 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 166 6 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 166 7 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 166 8 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 166 9 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 166 10 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 166 11 biased bias VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 166 12 upward upward RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 166 13 significantly significantly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 166 14 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 167 1 Notably notably RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 167 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 167 3 this this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 167 4 effect effect NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 167 5 does do VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 167 6 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 167 7 diminish diminish VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 167 8 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 167 9 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 167 10 size size NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 167 11 increases increase NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 167 12 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 3 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 4 most most JJS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 5 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 6 sets set VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 7 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 8 proportion proportion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 9 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 10 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 11 overestimates overestimate VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 12 increases increase NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 13 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 14 higher high JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 15 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 16 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 17 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 18 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 19 sampling sampling NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 20 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 21 narrows narrow VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 22 around around IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 23 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 24 biased biased JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 25 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 168 26 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 169 1 Estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 169 2 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 169 3 simulated simulated JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 169 4 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 169 5 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 169 6 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 169 7 shown show VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 169 8 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 169 9 Figure Figure NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 169 10 4 4 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 169 11 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 1 For for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 2 m m NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 3 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 4 0.5 0.5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 5 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 6 k.0.1 k.0.1 ADD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 7 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 8 no no DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 9 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 10 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 11 presented present VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 12 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 13 n$100 n$100 NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 14 because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 15 fewer few JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 16 than than IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 17 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 18 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 19 10 10 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 20 5 5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 21 simulated simulate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 22 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 23 reached reach VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 24 100 100 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 25 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 170 26 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 1 For for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 2 other other JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 3 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 4 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 5 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 6 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 7 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 8 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 9 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 10 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 11 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 12 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 13 quite quite RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 14 robust robust JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 16 Fig fig NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 17 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 18 4a 4a CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 171 20 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 1 Comparing compare VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 2 these these DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 3 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 4 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 5 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 6 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 7 Figure figure NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 8 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 9 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 11 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 12 evident evident JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 13 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 14 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 15 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 16 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 17 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 18 have have VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 19 similar similar JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 20 biases bias NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 22 slightly slightly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 23 positive positive JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 24 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 25 small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 26 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 27 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 28 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 29 diminishing diminish VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 30 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 31 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 32 increases increase NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 34 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 35 precisions precision NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 36 that that WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 37 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 38 as as RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 39 good good JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 40 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 41 sometimes sometimes RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 42 better well JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 43 than than IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 44 those those DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 45 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 46 unaltered unaltered JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 47 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 48 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 172 49 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 2 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 3 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 4 yield yield VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 5 slightly slightly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 6 more more JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 7 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 8 overestimates overestimate VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 9 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 10 m m NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 11 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 12 3 3 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 13 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 14 even even RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 15 though though IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 16 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 17 IQR IQR NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 18 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 20 5 5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 21 th th XX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 22 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 23 95 95 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 24 th th XX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 26 percentile percentile JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 27 interval interval NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 28 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 29 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 30 sampling sampling NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 31 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 32 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 33 often often RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 34 smaller small JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 173 35 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 1 Outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 2 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 3 yield yield VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 4 fewer few JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 5 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 6 overestimates overestimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 7 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 8 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 9 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 10 0.1 0.1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 11 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 12 m m NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 13 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 14 0.5 0.5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 15 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 16 1.0 1.0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 17 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 18 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 19 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 20 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 21 10 10 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 22 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 23 30 30 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 174 24 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 175 1 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 175 2 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 175 3 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 175 4 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 175 5 mean mean NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 175 6 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 175 7 shown show VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 175 8 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 175 9 these these DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 175 10 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 175 11 as as RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 175 12 well well RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 176 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 176 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 176 3 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 176 4 4b 4b CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 176 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 176 6 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 1 There there EX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 2 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 3 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 4 striking strike VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 5 positive positive JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 6 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 7 evident evident JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 8 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 9 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 10 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 11 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 12 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 13 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 14 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 15 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 16 0.5 0.5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 17 ; ; : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 18 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 19 all all DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 20 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 21 shown show VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 22 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 23 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 24 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 25 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 26 m m CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 27 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 28 has have VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 29 median median JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 30 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 31 .1 .1 . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 32 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 33 5 5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 34 th th XX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 35 percentile percentile JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 36 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 37 $ $ $ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 38 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 177 39 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 1 For for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 2 m m NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 3 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 4 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 5 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 6 there there EX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 7 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 8 an an DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 9 upward upward JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 10 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 11 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 12 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 13 m m NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 14 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 15 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 16 decreases decrease VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 17 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 18 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 19 size size NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 20 rises rise VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 178 21 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 179 1 For for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 179 2 m m NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 179 3 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 179 4 3 3 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 179 5 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 179 6 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 179 7 upward upward JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 179 8 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 179 9 persists persist VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 179 10 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 179 11 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 179 12 very very RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 179 13 slight slight JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 179 14 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 179 15 k$0.3 k$0.3 NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 179 16 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 179 17 n$30 n$30 NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 179 18 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 1 This this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 2 study study NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 3 makes make VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 4 three three CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 5 novel novel JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 6 contributions contribution NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 7 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 8 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 9 established establish VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 10 literature literature NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 11 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 12 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 13 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 14 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 15 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 16 dispersion dispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 17 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 18 k. k. NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 19 It -PRON- PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 20 provides provide VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 21 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 22 first first JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 23 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 24 evaluation evaluation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 25 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 26 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 27 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 28 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 29 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 30 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 31 highly highly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 32 overdispersed overdisperse VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 33 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 35 i.e. i.e. FW cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 36 those those DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 37 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 38 k,1 k,1 NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 40 ; ; : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 41 it -PRON- PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 42 reports report VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 43 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 44 coverage coverage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 45 accuracy accuracy NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 46 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 47 CIs CIs NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 48 derived derive VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 49 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 50 those those DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 51 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 52 ; ; : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 53 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 54 it -PRON- PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 55 examines examine VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 56 potential potential JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 57 biases bias NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 58 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 59 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 60 due due IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 61 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 62 methods method NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 63 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 64 errors error NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 65 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 66 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 67 collection collection NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 68 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 69 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 70 application application NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 71 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 72 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 73 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 74 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 75 particular particular JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 76 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 77 biological biological JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 78 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 79 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 80 general general JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 180 81 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 181 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 181 2 major major JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 181 3 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 181 4 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 181 5 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 181 6 summarized summarize VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 181 7 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 181 8 Table Table NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 181 9 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 181 10 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 182 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 182 2 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 182 3 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 182 4 unaltered unaltered JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 182 5 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 182 6 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 182 7 confirm confirm VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 182 8 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 182 9 extend extend VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 182 10 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 182 11 findings finding NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 182 12 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 182 13 earlier early JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 182 14 studies study NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 182 15 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 1 Small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 2 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 3 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 4 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 5 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 6 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 7 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 8 biased bias VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 9 toward toward IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 10 overestimating overestimate VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 11 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 12 - - : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 13 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 14 hence hence RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 15 underestimating underestimate VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 16 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 17 degree degree NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 18 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 19 overdispersion overdispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 20 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 21 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 22 data data NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 23 - - : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 24 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 25 reported report VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 26 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 27 previous previous JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 28 studies study NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 29 using use VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 30 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 31 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 32 related related JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 33 methods method NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 34 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 35 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 36 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 37 k$1 k$1 NNPS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 39 14 14 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 40 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 41 15 15 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 42 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 43 17 17 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 183 45 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 2 positive positive JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 3 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 4 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 5 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 6 arises arise VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 7 because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 8 smaller small JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 9 samples sample NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 10 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 11 less less RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 12 likely likely JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 13 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 14 include include VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 15 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 16 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 17 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 18 right right JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 19 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 20 hand hand NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 21 tail tail NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 22 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 23 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 24 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 25 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 26 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 27 without without IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 28 which which WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 29 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 30 dataset dataset NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 31 appears appear VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 32 more more RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 33 homogeneous homogeneous JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 184 34 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 1 Estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 2 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 3 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 4 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 5 less less RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 6 biased biased JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 7 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 8 more more RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 9 precise precise JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 10 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 11 larger large JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 12 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 13 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 14 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 15 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 16 possibly possibly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 17 because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 18 such such JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 19 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 20 had have VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 21 higher high JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 22 total total JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 23 numbers number NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 24 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 25 nonzero nonzero JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 26 events event NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 185 27 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 1 Estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 2 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 3 more more RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 4 biased biased JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 5 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 6 less less RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 7 precise precise JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 8 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 9 higher high JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 10 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 11 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 12 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 14 particularly particularly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 15 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 16 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 17 previously previously RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 18 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 19 studied study VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 20 range range NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 21 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 22 k$1 k$1 NNPS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 24 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 25 corresponding correspond VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 26 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 27 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 28 known know VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 29 instability instability NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 30 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 31 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 32 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 33 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 34 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 35 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 36 closer close JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 37 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 38 being be VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 39 fitted fit VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 40 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 41 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 42 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 43 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 45 13 13 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 186 47 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 1 Intuitively intuitively RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 3 this this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 4 effect effect NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 5 arises arise VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 6 because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 7 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 8 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 9 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 10 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 11 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 12 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 13 10 10 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 14 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 15 qualitatively qualitatively RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 16 similar similar JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 17 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 18 one one CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 19 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 187 20 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 188 1 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 188 2 50 50 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 188 3 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 188 4 kR kR NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 188 5 ' ' '' cord-344870-tbgqulpu 188 6 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 188 7 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 188 8 quite quite RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 188 9 dissimilar dissimilar JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 188 10 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 188 11 one one CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 188 12 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 188 13 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 188 14 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 188 15 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 188 16 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 188 17 so so RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 189 1 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 189 2 range range NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 189 3 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 189 4 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 189 5 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 189 6 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 189 7 small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 189 8 samples sample NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 189 9 tends tend VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 189 10 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 189 11 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 189 12 large large JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 189 13 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 189 14 skewed skewed JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 189 15 upwards upwards RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 189 16 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 1 One one CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 2 previous previous JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 3 simulation simulation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 4 study study NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 5 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 6 16 16 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 8 presented present VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 9 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 10 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 11 depth depth NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 12 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 13 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 14 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 15 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 16 k,1 k,1 NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 18 specifically specifically RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 19 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 20 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 21 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 22 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 23 0.4 0.4 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 25 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 26 employing employ VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 27 methodof methodof NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 28 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 29 moments moment NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 30 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 31 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 32 mom mom NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 33 rather rather RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 34 than than IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 35 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 36 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 37 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 38 assessed assess VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 39 here here RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 190 40 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 1 That that DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 2 study study NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 3 reported report VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 4 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 5 smaller small JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 6 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 7 sizes size NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 8 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 9 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 10 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 11 led lead VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 12 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 13 systematic systematic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 14 underestimation underestimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 15 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 16 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 17 mean mean NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 18 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 19 variance variance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 20 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 21 overestimation overestimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 22 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 23 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 24 ; ; : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 25 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 191 26 variance variance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 192 1 /mean /mean JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 192 2 ratio ratio NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 192 3 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 192 4 also also RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 192 5 biased bias VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 192 6 downward downward RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 192 7 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 192 8 small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 192 9 n. n. NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 1 There there EX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 2 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 3 one one CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 4 interesting interesting JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 5 difference difference NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 6 between between IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 7 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 8 method method NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 9 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 10 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 11 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 12 moments moment NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 13 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 14 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 15 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 16 Gregory Gregory NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 17 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 18 Woolhouse Woolhouse NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 20 16 16 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 22 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 23 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 24 present present JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 25 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 26 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 27 ML ml NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 28 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 29 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 30 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 31 positive positive JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 32 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 33 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 34 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 35 mom mom NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 36 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 37 fairly fairly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 38 constant constant JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 39 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 40 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 41 increased increase VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 43 though though IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 44 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 45 range range NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 46 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 47 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 48 mom mom NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 49 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 50 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 51 greatest great JJS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 52 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 53 lower low JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 54 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 56 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 57 while while IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 58 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 59 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 60 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 61 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 62 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 63 k k XX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 64 decreased decrease VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 65 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 66 higher high JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 67 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 68 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 69 Fig Fig NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 70 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 71 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 72 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 193 73 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 2 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 3 notable notable JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 4 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 6 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 7 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 8 m m NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 9 ranged range VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 10 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 11 1.25 1.25 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 12 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 13 160 160 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 15 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 16 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 17 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 18 0.4 0.4 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 20 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 21 while while IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 22 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 23 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 24 used use VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 25 here here RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 26 ranged range VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 27 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 28 0.5 0.5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 29 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 30 3 3 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 32 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 33 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 34 between between IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 35 0.1 0.1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 36 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 37 10 10 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 194 39 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 1 Several several JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 2 salient salient JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 3 patterns pattern NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 4 emerged emerge VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 5 regarding regard VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 6 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 7 realized realize VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 8 coverage coverage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 9 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 10 90 90 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 11 % % NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 12 CIs ci NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 13 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 14 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 15 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 16 using use VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 17 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 18 asymptotic asymptotic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 19 variance variance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 20 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 21 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 22 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 195 23 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 2 true true JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 3 coverage coverage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 4 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 5 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 6 nominal nominal JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 7 90 90 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 8 % % NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 9 intervals interval NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 10 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 11 typically typically RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 12 less less JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 13 than than IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 14 90 90 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 15 % % NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 16 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 17 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 18 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 19 overestimates overestimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 20 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 21 much much RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 22 more more RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 23 numerous numerous JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 24 than than IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 25 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 26 underestimates underestimate VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 196 27 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 1 For for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 2 all all DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 3 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 4 sets set NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 5 considered consider VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 6 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 7 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 8 5 5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 9 % % NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 10 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 11 CIs CIs NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 12 had have VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 13 upper upper JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 14 bounds bound NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 15 below below IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 16 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 17 true true JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 18 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 19 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 197 20 k. k. NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 2 realized realize VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 3 coverage coverage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 4 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 5 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 6 CIs CIs NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 7 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 8 driven drive VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 9 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 10 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 11 interplay interplay NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 12 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 13 two two CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 14 factors factor NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 15 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 16 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 17 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 18 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 19 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 20 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 21 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 22 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 23 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 24 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 25 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 26 breadth breadth NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 27 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 28 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 29 intervals interval NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 31 determined determine VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 32 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 33 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 34 sampling sampling NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 35 variance variance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 36 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 37 s s NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 38 2 2 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 39 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 40 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 198 42 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 2 upward upward JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 3 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 4 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 5 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 6 increases increase NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 7 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 8 lower low JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 9 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 10 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 11 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 12 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 13 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 14 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 15 higher high JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 16 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 17 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 18 Figure figure NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 19 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 199 20 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 200 1 Estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 200 2 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 200 3 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 200 4 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 200 5 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 200 6 confidence confidence NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 200 7 interval interval NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 200 8 coverage coverage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 200 9 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 200 10 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 200 11 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 200 12 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 1 10,000 10,000 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 2 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 3 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 4 simulated simulate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 5 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 6 described describe VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 7 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 8 Section section NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 9 2.1.1 2.1.1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 10 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 11 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 12 text text NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 13 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 14 using use VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 15 mean mean JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 16 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 17 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 18 dispersion dispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 19 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 20 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 21 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 22 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 23 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 24 size size NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 25 n n NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 26 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 27 shown show VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 201 28 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 1 Boxes box NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 2 show show VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 3 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 4 median median NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 5 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 6 interquartile interquartile JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 7 range range NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 9 IQR IQR NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 11 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 12 10,000 10,000 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 13 resulting result VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 14 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 15 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 16 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 17 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 18 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 19 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 20 whiskers whisker NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 21 show show VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 22 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 23 5 5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 24 th th XX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 25 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 26 95 95 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 27 th th XX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 28 percentile percentile JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 29 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 202 30 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 1 Numbers number NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 2 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 3 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 4 right right NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 5 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 6 each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 7 subplot subplot NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 8 show show VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 9 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 10 percentage percentage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 11 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 12 simulations simulation NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 13 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 14 which which WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 15 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 16 true true JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 17 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 18 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 19 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 20 was be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 21 outside outside JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 23 below below RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 25 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 26 overestimate)/above overestimate)/above PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 28 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 29 underestimate underestimate NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 31 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 32 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 33 numbers number NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 34 y y NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 35 / / SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 36 z z NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 37 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 38 respectively respectively RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 40 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 41 90 90 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 42 % % NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 43 confidence confidence NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 44 interval interval NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 45 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 46 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 203 47 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 204 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 204 2 vertical vertical JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 204 3 line line NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 204 4 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 204 5 each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 204 6 subplot subplot NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 204 7 shows show VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 204 8 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 204 9 true true JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 204 10 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 204 11 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 204 12 k. k. NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 1 To to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 2 facilitate facilitate VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 3 comparison comparison NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 4 among among IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 5 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 6 sets set NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 7 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 8 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 9 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 10 axis axis NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 11 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 12 all all DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 13 subplots subplot NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 14 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 15 scaled scale VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 16 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 17 0 0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 18 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 19 10 10 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 20 times time NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 21 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 22 true true JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 23 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 24 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 25 k. k. NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 26 doi:10.1371 doi:10.1371 NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 27 / / SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 28 journal.pone.0000180.g001 journal.pone.0000180.g001 NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 29 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 30 ; ; : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 31 lower low JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 32 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 33 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 34 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 35 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 36 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 37 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 38 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 39 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 40 lead lead NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 41 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 42 increases increase NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 43 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 44 s s NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 45 2 2 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 46 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 47 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 48 hence hence RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 49 broader broad JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 50 intervals interval NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 205 51 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 1 Overestimates overestimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 2 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 3 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 4 favor favor NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 5 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 6 overestimates overestimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 7 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 8 setting set VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 9 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 10 high high JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 11 mid mid NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 12 - - NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 13 point point NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 14 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 15 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 16 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 17 intervals interval NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 18 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 19 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 20 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 21 reducing reduce VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 22 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 23 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 24 sampling sampling NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 25 variance variance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 27 because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 28 s s NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 29 2 2 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 30 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 31 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 32 calculated calculate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 33 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 34 an an DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 35 inflated inflated JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 36 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 37 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 38 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 40 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 41 thus thus RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 42 leading lead VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 43 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 44 narrower narrow JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 45 intervals interval NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 206 46 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 2 gross gross JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 3 patterns pattern NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 4 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 5 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 6 frequency frequency NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 7 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 8 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 9 overestimates overestimate VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 10 thus thus RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 11 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 12 driven drive VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 13 primarily primarily RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 14 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 15 patterns pattern NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 16 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 17 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 18 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 207 19 k. k. NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 1 To to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 2 understand understand VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 3 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 4 finer fine JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 5 patterns pattern NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 6 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 7 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 8 coverage coverage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 9 accuracy accuracy NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 10 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 11 particularly particularly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 12 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 13 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 14 underestimates underestimate VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 15 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 16 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 17 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 18 overestimates overestimate VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 19 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 20 higher high JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 21 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 22 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 23 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 24 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 26 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 27 necessary necessary JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 28 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 29 consider consider VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 30 how how WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 31 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 32 CIs ci NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 33 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 34 calculated calculate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 208 35 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 1 Recall recall VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 2 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 3 intervals interval NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 4 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 5 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 6 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 7 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 8 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 9 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 10 / / SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 11 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 12 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 14 â2z â2z NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 15 0.95 0.95 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 16 s s NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 17 â â NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 18 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 19 â+z â+z NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 20 0.95 0.95 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 21 s s NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 22 â â NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 24 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 25 then then RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 26 converted convert VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 27 into into IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 28 intervals interval NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 29 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 30 k. k. NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 31 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 32 underestimates underestimate VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 33 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 34 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 35 occur occur VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 36 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 37 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 38 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 39 â2z â2z NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 40 0.95 0.95 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 41 s s NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 42 â â NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 209 43 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 2 complete complete JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 3 absence absence NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 4 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 5 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 6 underestimates underestimate VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 7 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 8 many many JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 9 small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 10 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 11 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 12 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 13 sets set NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 14 arises arise VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 15 because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 16 â â LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 17 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 18 z z NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 19 0.95 0.95 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 210 20 s s NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 211 1 â â LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 211 2 such such JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 211 3 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 211 4 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 211 5 lower lower RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 211 6 bound bind VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 211 7 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 211 8 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 211 9 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 211 10 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 211 11 â â NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 211 12 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 211 13 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 211 14 0 0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 211 15 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 1 In in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 2 these these DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 3 instances instance NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 4 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 5 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 6 upper upper JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 7 bound bind VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 8 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 9 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 10 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 11 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 12 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 13 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 14 set set VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 15 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 16 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 17 maximum maximum JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 18 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 19 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 20 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 21 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 22 can can MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 23 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 24 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 25 exceeded exceed VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 212 26 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 213 1 As as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 213 2 n n NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 213 3 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 213 4 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 213 5 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 213 6 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 213 7 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 213 8 increases increase NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 213 9 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 213 10 s s NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 213 11 â â NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 213 12 decreases decrease VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 213 13 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 213 14 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 213 15 CIs CIs NNPS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 213 16 narrow narrow VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 214 1 such such JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 214 2 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 214 3 some some DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 214 4 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 214 5 underestimates underestimate VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 214 6 occur occur VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 214 7 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 215 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 215 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 215 3 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 215 4 overestimates overestimate VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 215 5 occur occur VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 215 6 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 215 7 a.â+z a.â+z CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 215 8 0.95 0.95 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 215 9 s s NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 215 10 â â NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 215 11 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 1 As as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 2 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 3 increases increase NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 4 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 5 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 6 overestimates overestimate VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 7 become become VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 8 less less RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 9 frequent frequent JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 11 despite despite IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 12 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 13 high high JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 14 frequency frequency NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 15 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 16 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 17 overestimates overestimate VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 19 because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 20 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 21 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 216 22 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 217 1 /k /k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 217 2 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 217 3 often often RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 217 4 smaller small JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 217 5 than than IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 217 6 z z NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 217 7 0.95 0.95 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 217 8 s s NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 217 9 â â NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 217 10 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 1 Because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 2 â â LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 3 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 4 constrained constrain VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 5 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 6 positive positive JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 7 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 8 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 9 these these DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 10 simulations simulation NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 11 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 12 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 13 overestimates overestimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 14 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 15 impossible impossible JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 16 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 17 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 18 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 19 z z NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 20 0.95 0.95 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 21 s s NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 22 â â NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 218 23 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 3 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 4 given give VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 5 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 6 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 7 k.1 k.1 NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 8 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 9 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 10 overestimates overestimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 11 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 12 more more RBR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 13 frequent frequent JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 14 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 15 higher high JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 16 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 17 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 18 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 19 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 20 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 22 corresponding correspond VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 23 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 24 lower low JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 25 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 26 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 27 s s NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 28 â â NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 219 30 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 1 This this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 2 study study NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 3 's 's POS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 4 focus focus NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 5 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 6 overdispersed overdispersed JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 7 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 8 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 9 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 10 hence hence RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 11 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 12 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 13 positive positive JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 14 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 15 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 16 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 17 familiar familiar JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 18 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 19 biologists biologist NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 20 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 21 has have VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 22 thus thus RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 23 influenced influence VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 24 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 25 determination determination NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 26 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 27 CI CI NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 28 coverage coverage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 29 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 30 some some DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 31 regions region NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 32 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 33 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 34 space space NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 220 35 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 221 1 Estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 221 2 procedures procedure NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 221 3 allowing allow VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 221 4 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 221 5 underdispersed underdispersed JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 221 6 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 221 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 221 8 â,0 â,0 NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 221 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 221 10 may may MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 221 11 show show VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 221 12 different different JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 221 13 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 221 14 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 1 Investigators investigator NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 2 requiring require VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 3 CIs CIs NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 4 guaranteed guarantee VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 5 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 6 reach reach VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 7 nominal nominal JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 8 levels level NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 9 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 10 coverage coverage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 11 should should MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 12 consult consult VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 13 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 14 literature literature NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 15 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 16 exact exact JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 17 CIs ci NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 18 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 19 discrete discrete JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 20 distributions distribution NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 22 e.g. e.g. RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 23 26 26 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 222 25 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 223 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 223 2 simulation simulation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 223 3 results result VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 223 4 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 223 5 surveillance surveillance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 223 6 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 223 7 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 223 8 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 223 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 223 10 Figs fig NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 223 11 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 224 1 2 2 LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 224 2 - - SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 224 3 4 4 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 224 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 224 5 can can MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 224 6 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 224 7 interpreted interpret VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 224 8 readily readily RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 224 9 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 224 10 light light NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 224 11 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 224 12 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 224 13 raw raw JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 224 14 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 224 15 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 224 16 discussed discuss VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 224 17 above above RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 224 18 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 1 For for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 2 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 3 where where WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 4 individual individual JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 5 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 6 correspond correspond VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 7 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 8 completely completely RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 9 unconnected unconnected JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 10 events event NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 12 e.g. e.g. IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 13 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 14 surveillance surveillance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 15 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 16 multiple multiple JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 17 independent independent JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 18 introductions introduction NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 19 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 20 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 21 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 22 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 23 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 24 many many JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 25 other other JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 26 biological biological JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 27 observations observation NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 29 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 30 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 31 effects effect NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 32 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 33 two two CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 34 forms form NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 35 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 36 underreporting underreporte VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 37 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 38 assessed assess VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 225 39 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 1 In in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 2 uniform uniform JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 3 under under IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 4 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 5 counting counting NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 6 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 7 each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 8 instance instance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 9 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 10 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 11 quantity quantity NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 12 being be VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 13 counted count VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 15 e.g. e.g. IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 16 secondary secondary JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 17 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 18 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 19 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 20 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 21 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 22 context context NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 24 can can MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 25 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 26 overlooked overlook VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 27 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 28 equal equal JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 29 probability probability NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 30 p p NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 31 u u NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 226 32 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 227 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 227 2 expected expect VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 227 3 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 227 4 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 227 5 each each DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 227 6 datum datum NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 228 1 x x LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 228 2 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 228 3 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 228 4 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 228 5 raw raw JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 228 6 dataset dataset NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 2 drawn draw VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 3 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 4 an an DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 5 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 6 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 7 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 8 parameters parameter NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 9 m m NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 10 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 11 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 13 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 14 reduced reduce VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 15 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 17 12p 12p NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 18 u u NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 229 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 1 x x LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 2 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 3 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 4 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 5 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 6 resulting result VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 7 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 8 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 9 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 10 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 11 parameters parameter NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 13 12p 12p NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 14 u u NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 16 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 17 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 18 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 20 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 21 argued argue VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 22 under under IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 23 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 24 topic topic NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 25 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 26 ' ' `` cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 27 population population NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 28 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 29 wide wide JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 30 control control NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 31 measures measure NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 32 ' ' '' cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 33 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 34 Lloyd Lloyd NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 35 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 36 Smith Smith NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 37 et et NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 38 al al NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 230 39 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 231 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 231 2 8 8 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 231 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 231 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 231 5 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 1 Thus thus RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 2 uniform uniform JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 3 undercounting undercounting NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 4 does do VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 5 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 6 introduce introduce VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 7 systematic systematic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 8 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 9 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 10 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 11 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 12 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 13 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 14 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 15 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 16 does do VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 17 cause cause VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 18 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 19 slight slight JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 20 increase increase NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 21 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 22 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 23 small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 24 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 25 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 26 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 27 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 28 decrease decrease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 29 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 232 30 precision precision NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 3 . . NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 4 2 2 LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 6 corresponding correspond VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 7 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 8 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 9 effect effect NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 10 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 11 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 12 lower low JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 13 mean mean NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 14 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 15 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 16 characterized characterize VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 17 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 18 raw raw JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 19 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 20 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 22 Fig Fig NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 23 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 24 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 233 26 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 1 In in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 2 contrast contrast NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 3 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 4 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 5 second second JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 6 class class NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 7 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 8 under under IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 9 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 10 reporting report VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 11 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 12 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 13 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 14 which which WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 15 x x NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 16 i i NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 17 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 18 0 0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 19 events event NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 20 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 21 omitted omit VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 22 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 23 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 24 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 25 probability probability NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 26 p p NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 27 z z NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 28 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 29 leads lead VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 30 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 31 systematic systematic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 32 overestimation overestimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 33 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 34 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 35 that that WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 36 does do VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 37 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 38 vanish vanish VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 39 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 40 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 41 increases increase NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 43 Fig Fig NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 44 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 45 3 3 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 234 47 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 1 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 2 distributions distribution NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 3 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 4 low low JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 5 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 6 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 7 characterized characterize VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 8 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 9 large large JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 10 zero zero CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 11 classes class NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 12 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 13 long long JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 14 tails tail NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 16 giving give VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 17 rise rise NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 18 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 19 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 20 large large JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 21 variance variance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 22 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 23 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 24 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 25 mean mean JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 26 ratios ratio NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 27 that that WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 28 define define VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 29 overdispersion overdispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 235 31 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 1 Decreasing decrease VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 2 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 3 proportion proportion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 4 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 5 zeroes zero NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 7 hence hence RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 8 replacing replace VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 9 x x NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 10 i i NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 11 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 12 0 0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 13 events event NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 14 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 15 x x NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 16 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 17 .0 .0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 18 events event NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 20 leads lead VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 21 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 22 higher high JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 23 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 24 mean mean NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 25 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 26 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 27 lower lower VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 28 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 29 variance variance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 30 ŝ ŝ CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 31 2 2 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 236 32 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 237 1 As as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 237 2 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 237 3 readily readily RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 237 4 seen see VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 237 5 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 237 6 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 237 7 method method NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 237 8 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 237 9 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 237 10 moments moment NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 237 11 estimator estimator NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 237 12 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 237 13 mom mom NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 237 14 = = . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 238 1 m m LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 239 1 2 2 LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 239 2 /(ŝ /(ŝ NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 239 3 2 2 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 239 4 2 2 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 239 5 m m CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 239 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 239 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 239 8 10 10 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 239 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 240 1 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 240 2 this this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 240 3 will will MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 240 4 bias bias VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 240 5 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 240 6 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 240 7 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 240 8 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 240 9 higher high JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 240 10 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 240 11 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 1 Investigators investigator NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 2 should should MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 3 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 4 vigilant vigilant JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 5 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 6 this this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 7 class class NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 8 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 9 under under IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 10 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 11 reporting report VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 12 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 13 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 14 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 15 conduct conduct VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 16 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 17 using use VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 18 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 19 zero zero CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 20 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 21 modified modify VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 22 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 23 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 25 27 27 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 241 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 242 1 if if IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 242 2 zero zero CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 242 3 under under IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 242 4 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 242 5 counting counting NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 242 6 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 242 7 suspected suspect VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 242 8 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 1 Outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 2 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 3 involve involve VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 4 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 5 mechanism mechanism NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 6 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 7 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 8 generation generation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 9 that that WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 10 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 11 particular particular JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 12 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 13 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 15 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 16 demographic demographic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 18 processes process NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 243 19 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 1 Earlier early JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 2 analyses analysis NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 3 have have VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 4 shown show VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 5 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 6 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 7 offspring offspring NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 8 distributions distribution NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 9 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 10 highly highly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 11 overdispersed overdispersed JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 13 e.g. e.g. RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 14 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 15 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 16 k,1 k,1 NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 18 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 19 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 20 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 21 that that WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 22 succeed succeed VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 23 tend tend VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 24 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 25 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 26 those those DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 27 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 28 early early JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 29 superspreading superspreading NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 30 events event NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 32 8 8 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 244 34 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 2 present present JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 3 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 4 show show VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 5 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 6 this this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 7 does do VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 8 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 9 cause cause VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 10 underestimation underestimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 11 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 12 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 13 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 14 had have VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 15 been be VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 16 feared fear VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 17 ; ; : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 18 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 19 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 20 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 21 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 22 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 23 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 25 Fig Fig NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 26 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 27 4a 4a LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 29 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 30 similar similar JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 31 properties property NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 32 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 33 those those DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 34 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 35 raw raw JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 36 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 37 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 39 Fig Fig NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 40 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 41 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 245 43 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 2 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 3 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 4 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 5 had have VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 6 slightly slightly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 7 smaller small JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 8 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 9 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 10 greater great JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 11 precision precision NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 12 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 13 smaller small JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 14 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 15 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 16 probably probably RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 17 because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 18 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 19 use use NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 20 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 21 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 22 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 24 biased bias VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 25 toward toward IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 26 including include VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 27 high high JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 28 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 29 x x NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 30 i i NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 31 events event NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 33 counteracts counteract VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 34 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 35 usual usual JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 36 smallsample smallsample JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 37 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 39 which which WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 40 arises arise VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 41 because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 42 small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 43 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 44 often often RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 45 lack lack VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 246 46 high- high- JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 247 1 x x LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 247 2 i i NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 247 3 events event NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 247 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 247 5 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 2 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 3 selection selection NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 4 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 5 inherent inherent JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 6 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 7 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 8 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 9 acts act VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 10 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 11 offset offset VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 12 somewhat somewhat RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 13 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 14 usual usual JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 15 upward upward JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 16 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 17 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 18 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 19 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 248 20 k. k. NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 1 In in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 2 sharp sharp JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 3 contrast contrast NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 4 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 5 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 6 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 7 m m NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 8 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 9 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 10 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 12 assessed assess VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 13 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 14 simulation simulation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 15 because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 16 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 17 unlike unlike IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 18 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 19 surveillance surveillance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 20 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 21 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 22 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 23 potential potential JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 24 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 25 can can MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 26 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 27 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 28 computed compute VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 29 directly directly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 31 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 32 strongly strongly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 33 biased bias VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 34 upward upward RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 35 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 36 m m NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 37 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 38 below below RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 39 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 40 near near IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 249 41 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 250 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 250 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 250 3 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 250 4 4b 4b CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 250 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 250 6 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 1 This this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 2 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 3 unsurprising unsurprising JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 4 because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 5 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 6 minimum minimum JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 7 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 8 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 9 m m NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 10 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 11 an an DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 12 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 13 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 14 n n CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 15 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 16 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 18 n21)/n n21)/n NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 20 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 21 an an DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 22 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 23 that that WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 24 dies die VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 25 out out RP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 26 immediately immediately RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 27 following follow VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 28 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 29 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 30 th th XX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 31 case case NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 33 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 34 while while IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 35 higher high JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 36 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 37 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 38 quite quite RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 39 feasible feasible JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 251 40 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 2 Recall recall VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 3 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 4 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 5 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 6 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 7 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 8 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 9 mean mean JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 10 number number NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 11 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 12 secondary secondary JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 13 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 14 generated generate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 15 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 16 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 17 first first JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 18 n n CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 19 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 20 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 21 an an DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 22 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 23 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 24 regardless regardless RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 25 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 26 whether whether IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 27 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 28 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 29 continues continue VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 30 beyond beyond IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 31 n n CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 32 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 252 33 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 1 If if IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 2 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 3 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 4 number number NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 5 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 6 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 7 after after IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 8 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 9 r r NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 10 th th XX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 11 generation generation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 12 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 13 transmission transmission NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 14 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 15 j j NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 16 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 17 then then RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 18 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 19 mean mean JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 20 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 21 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 22 x x NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 23 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 24 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 25 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 26 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 27 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 28 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 29 j j NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 30 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 32 j21)/j j21)/j NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 253 33 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 1 If if IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 2 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 3 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 4 th th XX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 5 case case NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 6 then then RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 7 occurs occur VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 8 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 9 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 11 r+1 r+1 RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 13 th th DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 14 generation generation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 15 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 16 transmission transmission NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 17 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 18 then then RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 19 all all DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 20 infections infection NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 21 caused cause VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 22 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 23 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 24 final final JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 25 n2j n2j JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 26 individuals individual NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 27 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 28 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 29 dataset dataset NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 31 i.e. i.e. FW cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 32 x x IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 33 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 34 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 35 i i PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 36 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 37 j+1 j+1 NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 38 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 39 n n LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 41 serve serve VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 42 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 43 inflate inflate VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 44 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 45 above above IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 46 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 47 minimum minimum JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 48 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 49 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 51 n21)/n n21)/n NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 52 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 254 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 2 greatest great JJS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 3 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 4 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 5 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 6 occurs occur VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 7 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 8 low low JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 9 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 10 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 11 n n NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 12 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 13 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 14 large large JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 15 superspreading superspreade VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 16 events event NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 17 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 18 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 19 final final JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 20 generation generation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 21 can can MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 22 have have VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 23 disproportionate disproportionate JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 24 effect effect NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 25 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 26 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 27 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 28 mean mean NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 255 29 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 1 For for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 2 m m NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 3 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 4 1.0 1.0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 5 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 6 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 7 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 8 decreases decrease VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 9 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 10 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 11 increases increase NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 12 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 13 probably probably RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 14 because because IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 15 higher high JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 16 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 17 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 18 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 19 involve involve VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 20 more more JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 21 generations generation NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 22 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 23 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 24 transmission transmission NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 25 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 26 so so CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 27 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 28 ' ' `` cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 29 left leave VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 30 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 31 over over RP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 32 ' ' '' cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 33 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 34 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 35 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 36 final final JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 256 37 generation generation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 257 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 257 2 i.e. i.e. FW cord-344870-tbgqulpu 257 3 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 257 4 final final JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 257 5 n2j n2j JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 257 6 individuals individual NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 257 7 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 257 8 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 257 9 example example NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 257 10 above above RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 257 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 257 12 make make VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 257 13 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 257 14 smaller small JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 257 15 proportional proportional JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 257 16 contribution contribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 257 17 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 1 For for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 2 m m NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 3 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 4 3.0 3.0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 5 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 6 there there EX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 7 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 8 no no DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 9 substantial substantial JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 10 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 11 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 12 any any DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 13 parameters parameter NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 15 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 16 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 17 minor minor JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 18 exception exception NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 19 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 20 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 21 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 22 0.1 0.1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 23 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 24 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 25 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 26 10 10 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 258 28 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 259 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 259 2 results result NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 259 3 presented present VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 259 4 here here RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 259 5 suggest suggest VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 259 6 several several JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 259 7 avenues avenue NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 259 8 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 259 9 future future JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 259 10 work work NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 259 11 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 260 1 This this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 260 2 study study NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 260 3 has have VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 260 4 focused focus VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 260 5 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 260 6 ML ml NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 260 7 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 260 8 only only RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 260 9 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 260 10 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 260 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 260 12 would would MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 260 13 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 1 Estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 2 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 3 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 5 a a LS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 7 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 8 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 10 b b NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 12 m m NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 13 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 14 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 15 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 16 generated generate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 17 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 18 branching branch VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 19 process process NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 20 simulations simulation NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 21 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 22 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 23 offspring offspring NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 24 distributions distribution NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 261 25 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 262 1 10,000 10,000 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 262 2 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 262 3 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 262 4 simulated simulate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 262 5 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 262 6 described describe VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 262 7 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 262 8 Section section NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 262 9 2.1.4 2.1.4 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 262 10 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 262 11 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 262 12 text text NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 262 13 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 1 Circles circle NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 2 indicate indicate VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 3 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 4 sets set NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 5 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 6 which which WDT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 7 fewer few JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 8 than than IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 9 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 10 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 11 10 10 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 12 5 5 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 13 simulated simulate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 14 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 15 had have VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 16 n n CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 17 cases case NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 18 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 19 more more JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 263 20 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 1 Other other JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 2 plotting plot VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 3 details detail NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 4 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 5 described describe VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 6 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 7 Figure figure NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 8 1 1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 9 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 10 fruitful fruitful JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 11 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 12 extend extend VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 13 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 14 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 15 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 16 other other JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 17 methods method NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 18 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 19 estimating estimate VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 20 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 21 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 22 such such JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 23 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 24 maximum maximum JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 25 quasi quasi JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 26 - - JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 27 likelihood likelihood JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 29 14 14 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 31 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 32 method method NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 33 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 34 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 35 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 36 moments moment NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 37 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 38 small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 39 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 40 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 41 correction correction NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 43 16 16 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 45 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 46 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 47 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 48 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 49 corrected correct VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 50 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 52 17 17 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 264 54 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 1 Further further JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 2 studies study NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 3 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 4 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 5 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 6 m m NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 7 will will MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 8 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 9 interesting interesting JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 10 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 11 particularly particularly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 12 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 13 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 14 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 15 context context NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 16 where where WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 17 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 18 mean mean NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 19 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 20 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 21 offspring offspring NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 22 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 23 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 24 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 25 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 26 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 27 crucial crucial JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 28 quantity quantity NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 29 R r NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 30 0 0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 32 8 8 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 33 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 34 22 22 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 265 36 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 1 In in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 2 particular particular JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 3 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 5 will will MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 6 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 7 important important JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 8 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 9 learn learn VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 10 how how WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 11 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 12 overdispersion overdispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 13 observed observe VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 14 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 15 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 16 transmission transmission NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 17 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 19 8 8 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 21 influences influence NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 22 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 23 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 24 R r NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 25 0 0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 26 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 27 continuous continuous JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 28 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 29 time time NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 30 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 31 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 32 such such JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 33 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 34 daily daily JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 35 case case NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 36 reports report NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 38 28 28 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 39 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 40 29 29 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 42 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 43 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 44 opposed oppose VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 45 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 46 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 47 directly directly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 48 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 49 known know VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 50 chains chain NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 51 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 52 transmission transmission NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 53 as as IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 54 assessed assess VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 55 here here RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 266 56 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 1 Overdispersed overdispersed JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 2 offspring offspring NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 3 distributions distribution NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 4 cause cause VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 5 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 6 to to TO cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 7 either either CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 8 die die VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 9 out out RP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 10 stochastically stochastically RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 11 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 12 grow grow VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 13 explosively explosively RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 15 8 8 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 17 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 18 so so IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 19 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 20 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 21 R r NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 22 0 0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 23 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 24 daily daily JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 25 case case NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 26 reports report NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 28 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 29 successful successful JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 30 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 31 only only RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 32 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 33 necessarily necessarily RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 35 may may MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 36 exhibit exhibit VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 37 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 38 beyond beyond IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 39 that that DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 40 shown show VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 41 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 42 Figure figure NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 43 4b 4b CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 267 44 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 1 In in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 2 summary summary NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 3 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 4 this this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 5 study study NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 6 showed show VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 7 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 8 there there EX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 9 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 10 minimal minimal JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 11 risk risk NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 12 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 13 underestimating underestimate VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 14 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 15 - - : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 16 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 17 hence hence RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 18 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 19 overestimating overestimate VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 20 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 21 degree degree NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 22 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 23 overdispersion overdispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 24 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 25 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 26 data data NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 27 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 28 due due JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 29 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 30 small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 31 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 32 size size NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 33 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 34 any any DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 35 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 36 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 37 three three CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 38 process process NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 39 biases bias NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 40 considered consider VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 41 here here RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 268 42 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 1 There there EX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 2 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 3 substantial substantial JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 4 risk risk NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 5 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 6 overestimating overestimate VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 7 k k XX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 8 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 9 particularly particularly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 10 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 11 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 12 sizes size NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 13 are be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 14 small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 15 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 16 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 17 zero zero CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 18 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 19 class class NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 20 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 21 systematically systematically RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 22 under under RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 23 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 24 counted count VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 269 25 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 1 All all DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 2 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 3 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 4 systematic systematic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 5 biases bias NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 6 identified identify VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 7 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 8 this this DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 9 study study NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 10 favored favor VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 11 higher high JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 12 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 13 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 14 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 15 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 16 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 17 instances instance NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 18 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 19 confidence confidence NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 20 intervals interval NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 21 excluded exclude VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 22 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 23 true true JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 24 value value NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 25 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 26 were be VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 27 predominantly predominantly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 28 overestimates overestimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 270 29 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 1 Note note VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 2 that that IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 3 an an DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 4 independent independent JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 5 risk risk NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 6 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 7 underestimating underestimate VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 8 k k XX cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 9 can can MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 10 arise arise VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 11 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 12 pooling pool VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 13 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 14 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 15 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 16 groups group NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 17 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 18 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 19 dispersion dispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 20 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 21 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 22 from from IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 23 pooled pool VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 24 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 25 is be VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 26 nearly nearly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 27 always always RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 28 less less JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 29 than than IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 30 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 31 average average NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 32 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 33 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 34 estimated estimate VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 35 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 36 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 37 individual individual JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 38 groups group NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 40 11 11 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 41 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 42 16 16 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-344870-tbgqulpu 271 44 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 1 Regarding regard VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 2 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 3 sizes size NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 4 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 5 NB NB NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 6 datasets dataset NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 7 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 8 k#1 k#1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 9 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 10 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 11 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 12 100 100 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 13 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 14 more more JJR cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 15 allows allow VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 16 accurate accurate JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 17 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 18 precise precise JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 19 ML ml NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 20 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 21 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 22 k k NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 23 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 24 while while IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 25 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 26 n n NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 27 = = SYM cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 28 30 30 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 29 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 30 median median JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 31 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 32 showed show VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 33 minimal minimal JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 34 bias bias NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 35 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 36 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 37 sampling sampling NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 38 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 39 skewed skewed JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 40 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 41 high high JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 42 values value NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 272 43 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 273 1 A a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 273 2 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 273 3 size size NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 273 4 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 273 5 10 10 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 273 6 yields yield NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 273 7 unreliable unreliable JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 273 8 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 273 9 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 273 10 particularly particularly RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 273 11 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 273 12 m#1 m#1 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 273 13 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 1 These these DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 2 findings finding NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 3 will will MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 4 help help VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 5 guide guide VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 6 prospective prospective JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 7 design design NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 8 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 9 sampling sampling NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 10 regimens regimen NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 11 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 12 or or CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 13 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 14 when when WRB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 15 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 16 size size NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 17 can can MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 18 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 19 be be VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 20 increased increase VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 21 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 22 will will MD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 23 aid aid VB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 24 investigators investigator NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 25 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 26 understanding understand VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 27 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 28 limitations limitation NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 29 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 30 ML ML NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 31 estimates estimate NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 32 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 33 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 34 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 35 associated associated NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 36 CIs CIs NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 274 37 . . . cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 1 Fitting fit VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 2 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 3 negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 4 binomial binomial JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 5 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 6 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 7 biological biological JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 8 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 9 -note -note NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 10 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 11 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 12 efficient efficient JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 13 fitting fitting NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 14 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 15 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 16 negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 17 binomial binomial NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 18 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 19 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 20 frequency frequency NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 21 count count NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 22 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 23 using use VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 24 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 25 negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 26 binomial binomial JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 27 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 28 Patterns pattern NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 29 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 30 macroparasite macroparasite NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 31 aggregation aggregation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 32 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 33 wildlife wildlife NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 34 host host NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 275 35 populations population NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 1 Comparative comparative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 2 performance performance NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 3 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 4 species species NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 5 richness richness NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 6 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 7 methods method NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 8 Linear linear JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 9 model model NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 10 analysis analysis NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 11 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 12 net net JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 13 catch catch NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 14 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 15 using use VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 16 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 17 negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 18 binomial binomial NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 19 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 20 Spatial spatial JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 21 modelling modelling NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 22 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 23 individual individual JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 24 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 25 level level NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 26 parasite parasite NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 27 counts count NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 28 using use VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 29 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 30 negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 31 binomial binomial NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 32 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 33 Superspreading Superspreading NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 34 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 35 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 36 effect effect NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 37 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 38 individual individual JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 39 variation variation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 40 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 41 disease disease NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 276 42 emergence emergence NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 1 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 2 Theory theory NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 3 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 4 Branching Branching NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 5 Processes Processes NNPS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 6 Sampling Sampling NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 7 theory theory NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 8 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 9 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 10 negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 11 binomial binomial NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 12 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 13 logarithmic logarithmic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 14 series series NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 15 distributions distribution NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 16 Small small JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 17 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 18 comparison comparison NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 19 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 20 different different JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 21 estimators estimator NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 22 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 23 negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 24 binomial binomial NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 25 parameters parameter NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 26 Heterogeneities Heterogeneities NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 27 in in IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 28 macroparasite macroparasite NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 29 infections infection NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 30 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 31 patterns pattern NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 32 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 33 processes process VBZ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 34 The the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 35 negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 36 binomial binomial NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 37 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 38 Estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 39 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 40 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 41 negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 42 binomial binomial NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 43 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 44 kappa kappa NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 45 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 46 maximum maximum JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 47 quasi quasi JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 48 - - JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 49 likelihood likelihood JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 50 Maximum maximum JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 51 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 52 likelihood likelihood NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 53 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 54 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 55 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 56 negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 57 binomial binomial JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 58 dispersion dispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 59 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 60 Quantification quantification NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 61 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 62 parasite parasite NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 63 aggregationa aggregationa NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 64 simulation simulation NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 65 study study NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 66 Bias Bias NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 67 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 68 corrected correct VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 69 maximum maximum JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 70 likelihood likelihood NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 71 estimator estimator NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 72 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 73 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 74 negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 75 binomial binomial JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 76 dispersion dispersion NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 77 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 78 Towards towards IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 79 reliable reliable JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 80 bird bird NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 81 surveys survey NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 82 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 83 Accounting account VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 84 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 85 individuals individual NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 86 present present JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 87 but but CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 88 not not RB cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 89 detected detect VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 90 Different different JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 91 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 92 curves curve NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 93 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 94 severe severe JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 95 acute acute JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 96 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 97 syndrome syndrome NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 98 reveal reveal VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 99 similar similar JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 100 impacts impact NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 101 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 102 control control NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 103 measures measure NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 104 Selecting select VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 105 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 106 distributional distributional JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 107 assumption assumption NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 108 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 109 modelling model VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 110 relative relative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 111 densities density NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 112 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 113 benthic benthic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 114 macroinvertebrates macroinvertebrates NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 115 Epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 116 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 117 genetic genetic JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 118 analysis analysis NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 119 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 120 severe severe JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 121 acute acute JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 122 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 123 syndrome syndrome NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 124 Mathematical Mathematical NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 125 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 126 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 127 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 128 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 129 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 130 Model Model NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 131 Building Building NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 132 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 133 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 134 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 135 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 136 Interpretation Interpretation NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 137 Chance Chance NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 138 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 139 generating generate VBG cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 140 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 141 negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 142 binomial binomial NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 143 distribution distribution NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 144 Mathematical Mathematical NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 145 statistics statistic NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 146 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 147 data data NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 148 analysis analysis NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 149 Multistage multistage NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 150 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 151 compared compare VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 152 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 153 fixed fix VBN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 154 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 155 sample sample NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 156 - - HYPH cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 157 size size NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 158 estimation estimation NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 159 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 160 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 161 negative negative JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 162 binomial binomial NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 163 parameter parameter NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 164 k k NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 165 Confidence confidence NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 166 curves curve NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 167 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 168 improved improve VBD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 169 exact exact JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 170 confidence confidence NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 171 intervals interval NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 172 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 173 discrete discrete JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 174 distributions distribution NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 175 Models model NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 176 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 177 counts count NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 178 data datum NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 179 with with IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 180 many many JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 181 zeros zero NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 182 Infectious infectious JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 183 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 184 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 185 Humans Humans NNPS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 186 : : : cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 187 Dynamics dynamic NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 188 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 189 Control Control NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 190 Estimation Estimation NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 191 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 192 inference inference NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 193 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 194 R r NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 195 0 0 CD cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 196 of of IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 197 an an DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 198 infectious infectious JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 199 pathogen pathogen NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 200 by by IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 201 a a DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 202 removal removal NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 277 203 method method NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 2 am be VBP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 3 grateful grateful JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 4 to to IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 5 Leo Leo NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 6 Polansky Polansky NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 7 , , , cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 8 Sadie Sadie NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 9 Ryan Ryan NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 10 and and CC cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 11 Maria Maria NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 12 Sanchez Sanchez NNP cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 13 for for IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 14 helpful helpful JJ cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 15 comments comment NNS cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 16 on on IN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 17 the the DT cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 18 manuscript manuscript NN cord-344870-tbgqulpu 278 19 . . .