id sid tid token lemma pos cord-275058-61eof7y8 1 1 key key NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 1 2 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 2 1 cord-275058 cord-275058 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 2 2 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 2 3 61eof7y8 61eof7y8 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 2 4 authors author NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 2 5 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 2 6 Inoue Inoue NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 2 7 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 2 8 Hiroyasu Hiroyasu NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 2 9 ; ; : cord-275058-61eof7y8 2 10 Todo Todo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 2 11 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 3 1 Yasuyuki Yasuyuki NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 3 2 title title NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 3 3 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 2 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 3 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 4 economic economic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 5 impacts impact NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 6 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 7 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 8 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 9 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 10 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 11 case case NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 12 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 13 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 14 mega mega JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 15 - - JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 16 city city NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 17 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 18 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 19 prevent prevent VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 20 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 21 spread spread NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 22 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 23 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 24 date date NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 25 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 26 2020 2020 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 27 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 28 09 09 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 29 - - SYM cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 30 15 15 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 31 journal journal NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 32 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 33 PLoS PLoS NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 34 One one CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 35 DOI DOI NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 36 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 4 37 10.1371/ 10.1371/ CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 5 1 journal.pone.0239251 journal.pone.0239251 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 5 2 sha sha NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 5 3 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 6 1 93e5a5d6fc9ffd28e36420e3f81e171f96ecc9c4 93e5a5d6fc9ffd28e36420e3f81e171f96ecc9c4 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 6 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 6 3 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 6 4 275058 275058 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 6 5 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 6 6 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 6 7 61eof7y8 61eof7y8 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 1 This this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 2 study study NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 3 quantifies quantify VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 4 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 5 economic economic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 6 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 7 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 8 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 9 possible possible JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 10 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 11 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 12 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 13 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 14 prevent prevent VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 15 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 16 spread spread NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 17 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 18 COVID-19 covid-19 NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 7 19 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 2 negative negative JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 3 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 4 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 5 such such PDT cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 6 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 7 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 8 may may MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 9 propagate propagate VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 10 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 11 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 12 regions region NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 13 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 14 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 15 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 16 because because IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 17 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 18 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 19 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 20 demand demand NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 21 shortages shortage NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 8 22 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 1 Applying apply VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 2 an an DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 3 agent agent NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 4 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 5 based base VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 6 model model NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 7 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 8 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 9 actual actual JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 10 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 11 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 12 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 13 nearly nearly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 14 1.6 1.6 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 15 million million CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 16 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 17 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 18 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 19 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 20 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 21 simulate simulate VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 22 what what WP cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 23 would would MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 24 happen happen VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 25 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 26 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 27 activities activity NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 28 outside outside IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 29 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 30 if if IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 31 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 32 activities activity NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 33 that that WDT cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 34 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 35 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 36 essential essential JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 37 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 38 citizens citizen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 39 ’ ’ POS cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 40 survival survival NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 41 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 42 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 43 were be VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 44 shut shut VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 45 down down RP cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 46 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 47 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 48 certain certain JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 49 period period NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 9 50 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 2 find find VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 3 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 4 if if IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 5 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 6 were be VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 7 locked lock VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 8 down down RP cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 9 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 10 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 11 month month NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 12 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 13 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 14 indirect indirect JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 15 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 16 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 17 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 18 regions region NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 19 would would MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 20 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 21 twice twice RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 22 as as RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 23 large large JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 24 as as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 25 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 26 direct direct JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 27 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 28 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 29 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 30 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 31 leading lead VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 32 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 33 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 34 total total JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 35 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 36 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 37 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 38 27 27 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 39 trillion trillion CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 40 yen yen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 41 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 42 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 43 or or CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 44 5.2 5.2 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 45 % % NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 46 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 47 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 48 country country NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 49 ’s ’s POS cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 50 annual annual JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 51 GDP gdp NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 10 52 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 1 Although although IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 2 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 3 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 4 that that WDT cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 5 would would MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 6 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 7 shut shut VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 8 down down RP cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 9 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 10 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 11 accounts account VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 12 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 13 21 21 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 14 % % NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 15 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 16 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 17 total total JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 18 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 19 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 20 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 21 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 22 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 23 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 24 would would MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 25 result result VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 26 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 27 an an DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 28 86 86 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 29 % % NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 30 reduction reduction NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 31 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 32 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 33 daily daily JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 34 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 35 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 36 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 37 after after IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 38 one one CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 39 month month NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 11 40 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 12 1 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 12 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 12 3 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 12 4 novel novel JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 12 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 12 6 disease disease NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 12 7 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 12 8 has have VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 12 9 been be VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 12 10 spreading spread VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 12 11 worldwide worldwide RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 12 12 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 1 By by IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 2 March March NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 3 31 31 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 4 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 5 2020 2020 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 6 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 7 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 8 total total JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 9 number number NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 10 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 11 confirmed confirm VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 12 cases case NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 13 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 14 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 15 reached reach VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 16 775,306 775,306 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 17 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 18 whereas whereas IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 19 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 20 total total JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 21 number number NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 22 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 23 deaths death NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 24 was be VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 25 37,083 37,083 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 27 1 1 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 13 29 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 1 To to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 2 prevent prevent VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 3 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 4 spread spread NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 5 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 6 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 7 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 8 most most JJS cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 9 countries country NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 10 have have VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 11 implemented implement VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 12 unprecedentedly unprecedentedly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 13 stringent stringent JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 14 restrictions restriction NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 15 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 16 such such JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 17 as as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 18 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 19 shutdown shutdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 20 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 21 national national JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 22 borders border NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 23 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 24 limits limit NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 25 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 26 public public JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 27 gatherings gathering NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 28 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 29 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 30 closures closure NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 31 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 32 schools school NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 33 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 34 shops shop NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 35 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 36 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 37 restaurants restaurant NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 14 38 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 15 1 In in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 15 2 some some DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 15 3 cases case NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 15 4 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 15 5 whole whole JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 15 6 cities city NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 15 7 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 15 8 regions region NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 15 9 have have VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 15 10 been be VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 15 11 locked lock VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 15 12 down down RP cord-275058-61eof7y8 15 13 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 1 For for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 2 example example NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 3 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 4 Wuhan Wuhan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 5 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 6 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 7 epicenter epicenter NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 8 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 9 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 10 novel novel JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 11 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 12 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 13 was be VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 14 locked lock VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 15 down down RP cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 16 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 17 January January NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 18 23 23 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 19 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 20 March March NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 21 27 27 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 22 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 23 2020 2020 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 24 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 25 including include VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 26 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 27 closure closure NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 28 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 29 all all DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 30 public public JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 31 transport transport NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 32 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 33 all all DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 34 companies company NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 35 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 36 essential essential JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 37 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 38 citizens citizen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 39 ' ' POS cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 40 survival survival NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 41 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 42 including include VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 43 manufacturing manufacture VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 44 plants plant NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 45 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 46 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 47 most most JJS cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 48 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 49 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 50 period period NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 52 Reuters Reuters NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 53 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 54 March March NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 55 11 11 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 56 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 57 2020 2020 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 16 59 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 17 1 Apparently apparently RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 17 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 17 3 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 17 4 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 17 5 heavily heavily RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 17 6 affected affect VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 17 7 Wuhan Wuhan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 17 8 's 's POS cord-275058-61eof7y8 17 9 economy economy NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 17 10 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 17 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 17 12 population population NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 17 13 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 17 14 11 11 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 17 15 million million CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 17 16 people people NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 17 17 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 3 because because IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 4 Wuhan Wuhan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 5 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 6 known know VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 7 as as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 8 one one CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 9 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 10 China China NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 11 's 's POS cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 12 " " `` cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 13 Detroits Detroits NNPS cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 14 " " '' cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 15 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 16 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 17 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 18 center center NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 19 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 20 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 21 automobile automobile NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 22 industry industry NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 23 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 24 supplies supply VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 25 parts part NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 26 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 27 components component NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 28 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 29 automobiles automobile NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 30 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 31 domestic domestic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 32 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 33 foreign foreign JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 34 plants plant NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 35 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 36 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 37 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 38 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 39 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 40 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 41 propagated propagate VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 42 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 43 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 44 regions region NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 45 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 46 China China NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 47 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 48 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 49 countries country NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 50 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 51 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 52 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 18 53 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 1 For for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 2 example example NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 3 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 4 Honda Honda NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 5 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 6 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 7 Japanese japanese JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 8 automobile automobile NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 9 manufacturer manufacturer NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 10 that that WDT cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 11 operates operate VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 12 plants plant NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 13 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 14 Wuhan Wuhan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 15 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 16 reduced reduce VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 17 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 18 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 19 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 20 automobiles automobile NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 21 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 22 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 23 due due IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 24 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 25 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 26 lack lack NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 27 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 28 supplies supply NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 29 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 30 parts part NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 31 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 32 China China NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 33 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 34 early early JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 35 March March NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 19 36 2020 2020 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 20 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 20 2 Nikkei Nikkei NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 20 3 Newspaper Newspaper NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 20 4 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 20 5 March March NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 20 6 2 2 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 20 7 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 20 8 2020 2020 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 20 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 20 10 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 1 Recently recently RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 3 many many JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 4 studies study NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 5 have have VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 6 empirically empirically RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 7 confirmed confirm VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 8 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 9 economic economic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 10 shocks shock NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 11 propagate propagate VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 12 across across IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 13 regions region NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 14 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 15 countries country NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 16 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 17 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 18 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 21 19 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 1 Some some DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 2 studies study NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 3 applying apply VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 4 econometric econometric JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 5 analysis analysis NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 6 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 7 firm firm JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 8 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 9 level level NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 10 data datum NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 11 show show NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 12 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 13 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 14 linked link VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 15 with with IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 16 suppliers supplier NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 17 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 18 customers customer NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 19 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 20 areas area NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 21 affected affect VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 22 by by IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 23 natural natural JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 24 disasters disaster NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 25 exhibit exhibit NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 26 decreased decrease VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 27 performance performance NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 29 2 2 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 32 3 3 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 35 4 4 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 38 5 5 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 22 40 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 1 Several several JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 2 others other NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 3 have have VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 4 estimated estimate VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 5 economic economic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 6 impacts impact NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 7 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 8 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 9 spread spread NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 10 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 11 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 12 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 13 incorporating incorporate VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 14 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 15 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 16 input input NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 17 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 18 output output NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 19 linkages linkage NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 20 across across IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 21 sectors sector NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 22 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 23 countries country NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 24 /citeOECD2020 /citeOECD2020 NFP cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 25 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 26 McKibbin2020 mckibbin2020 NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 27 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 28 Bonadio2020 Bonadio2020 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 29 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 30 Guan2020 guan2020 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 31 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 32 McCann2020 McCann2020 NNPS cord-275058-61eof7y8 23 33 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 1 For for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 2 example example NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 3 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 4 McKibbin McKibbin NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 5 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 6 Fernando Fernando NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 8 6 6 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 10 use use VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 11 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 12 hybrid hybrid NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 13 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 14 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 15 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 16 general general JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 17 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 19 DSGE DSGE NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 21 models model NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 22 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 23 computable computable JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 24 general general JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 24 25 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 2 CGE CGE NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 4 models model NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 5 assuming assume VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 6 international international JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 7 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 8 inter inter JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 9 - - JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 10 sectoral sectoral JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 11 input input NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 12 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 13 output output NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 15 IO IO NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 17 linkages linkage NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 18 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 19 estimate estimate VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 20 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 21 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 22 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 23 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 24 spread spread NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 25 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 26 COVID-19 covid-19 NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 27 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 28 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 29 world world NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 30 GDP GDP NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 25 31 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 1 Guan Guan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 2 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 3 others other NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 4 /citeGuan2020 /citeGuan2020 , cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 5 utilize utilize VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 6 international international JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 7 IO io NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 8 tables table NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 9 at at IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 10 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 11 country country NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 12 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 13 sector sector NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 14 level level NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 15 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 16 estimate estimate NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 17 impacts impact NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 18 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 19 lockdowns lockdown NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 20 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 21 heavily heavily RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 22 infected infect VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 23 countries country NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 24 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 25 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 26 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 27 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 28 world world NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 29 economy economy NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 26 30 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 1 According accord VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 2 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 3 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 4 estimates estimate NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 5 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 6 if if IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 7 Europe Europe NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 8 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 9 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 10 United United NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 11 States States NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 12 imposed impose VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 13 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 14 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 15 strategy strategy NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 16 with with IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 17 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 18 strictness strictness NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 19 measure measure NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 20 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 21 80 80 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 22 % % NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 24 i.e. i.e. FW cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 25 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 26 80 80 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 27 % % NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 28 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 29 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 30 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 31 most most JJS cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 32 non non JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 33 - - JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 34 essential essential JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 35 sectors sector NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 36 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 37 shut shut VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 38 down down RP cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 40 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 41 2 2 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 42 months month NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 43 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 44 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 45 world world NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 46 value value NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 47 added add VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 48 would would MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 49 decline decline VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 50 by by IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 51 27 27 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 52 % % NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 27 53 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 1 By by IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 2 contrast contrast NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 3 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 4 Inoue Inoue NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 5 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 6 Todo Todo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 8 7 7 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 10 apply apply VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 11 firm firm JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 12 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 13 level level NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 14 data datum NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 15 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 16 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 17 actual actual JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 18 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 19 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 20 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 21 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 22 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 23 rather rather RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 24 than than IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 25 inter inter JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 26 - - JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 27 sectoral sectoral JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 28 IO IO NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 29 tables table NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 30 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 31 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 32 an an DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 33 agent agent NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 34 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 35 based base VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 36 model model NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 37 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 38 simulate simulate VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 39 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 40 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 41 trajectory trajectory NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 42 after after IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 43 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 44 Great Great NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 45 East East NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 46 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 47 earthquake earthquake NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 48 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 49 2011 2011 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 28 50 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 2 results result NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 4 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 5 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 6 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 7 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 8 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 9 an an DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 10 economic economic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 11 shock shock NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 12 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 13 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 14 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 15 was be VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 16 substantially substantially RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 17 larger large JJR cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 18 than than IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 19 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 20 direct direct JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 21 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 22 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 23 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 24 earthquake earthquake NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 29 25 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 1 Inoue Inoue NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 2 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 3 Todo Todo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 5 7 7 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 7 also also RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 8 show show VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 9 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 10 complex complex JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 11 network network NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 12 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 13 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 14 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 15 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 16 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 17 such such JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 18 as as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 19 scale scale NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 20 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 21 free free JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 22 properties property NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 23 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 24 complex complex JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 25 loops loop NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 26 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 27 aggravate aggravate VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 28 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 29 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 30 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 30 31 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 1 Without without IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 2 any any DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 3 network network NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 4 complexity complexity NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 5 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 6 i.e. i.e. FW cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 7 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 8 if if IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 10 assume assume VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 11 no no DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 12 firm firm JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 13 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 14 level level NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 15 inter inter JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 16 - - NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 17 linkages linkage NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 18 but but CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 19 only only RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 20 inter inter JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 21 - - JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 22 industry industry JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 23 linkages linkage NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 24 or or CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 25 assume assume VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 26 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 27 randomly randomly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 28 determined determine VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 29 network network NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 30 with with IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 31 no no DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 32 complexity complexity NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 33 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 34 they -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 35 find find VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 36 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 37 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 38 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 39 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 40 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 41 quite quite RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 42 small small JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 31 43 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 32 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 32 2 analytical analytical JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 32 3 framework framework NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 32 4 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 32 5 Inoue Inoue NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 32 6 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 32 7 Todo Todo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 32 8 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 32 9 7 7 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 32 10 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 32 11 has have VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 32 12 several several JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 32 13 advantages advantage NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 32 14 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 1 First first RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 3 although although IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 4 some some DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 5 studies study NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 6 quantitatively quantitatively RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 7 find find VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 8 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 9 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 10 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 11 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 12 equipped equip VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 13 with with IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 14 complex complex JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 15 network network NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 16 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 17 /citeborgatti2009social /citeborgatti2009social NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 18 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 19 battini2007towards battini2007towards CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 20 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 21 Fujiwara10 Fujiwara10 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 22 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 23 they -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 24 do do VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 25 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 26 examine examine VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 27 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 28 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 29 shocks shock NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 30 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 31 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 32 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 33 33 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 1 Second second RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 3 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 4 conclusion conclusion NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 5 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 6 Inoue Inoue NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 7 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 8 Todo Todo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 10 7 7 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 12 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 13 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 14 structure structure NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 15 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 16 networks network NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 17 significantly significantly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 18 influences influence VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 19 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 20 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 21 consistent consistent JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 22 with with IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 23 recent recent JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 24 findings finding NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 25 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 26 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 27 network network NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 28 science science NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 29 literature literature NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 31 8 8 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 34 9 9 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 37 10 10 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 40 11 11 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 43 12 12 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 46 13 13 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 34 48 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 1 For for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 2 example example NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 3 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 4 diffusion diffusion NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 5 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 6 generally generally RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 7 promoted promote VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 8 when when WRB cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 9 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 10 degree degree NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 11 distribution distribution NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 12 follows follow VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 13 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 14 power power NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 15 law law NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 16 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 17 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 18 hence hence RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 19 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 20 there there EX cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 21 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 22 several several JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 23 hub hub NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 24 nodes node NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 25 with with IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 26 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 27 large large JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 28 number number NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 29 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 30 links link NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 35 31 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 1 In in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 2 such such PDT cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 3 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 4 network network NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 5 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 6 when when WRB cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 7 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 8 shock shock NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 9 reaches reach VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 10 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 11 hub hub NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 12 node node NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 13 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 15 spreads spread VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 16 quickly quickly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 17 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 18 many many JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 19 others other NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 36 20 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 1 Third third RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 3 although although IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 4 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 5 econometric econometric JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 6 analysis analysis NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 7 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 8 /citeBarrot2016 /citebarrot2016 NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 9 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 10 Boehm2019 Boehm2019 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 11 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 12 Carvalho2016 Carvalho2016 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 13 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 14 Kashiwagi2018 Kashiwagi2018 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 15 quantitatively quantitatively RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 16 confirms confirm VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 17 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 18 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 19 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 20 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 21 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 23 analysis analysis NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 24 can can MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 25 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 26 estimate estimate VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 27 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 28 total total JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 29 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 30 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 31 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 32 shock shock NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 33 that that WDT cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 34 can can MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 35 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 36 obtained obtain VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 37 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 38 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 39 framework framework NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 40 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 41 Inoue Inoue NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 42 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 43 Todo Todo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 45 7 7 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 37 47 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 1 Finally finally RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 3 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 4 studies study NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 5 estimating estimate VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 6 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 7 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 8 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 9 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 10 rely rely VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 11 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 12 either either CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 13 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 14 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 15 econometric econometric JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 16 model model NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 17 at at IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 18 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 19 country country NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 20 level level NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 22 14 14 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 24 or or CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 25 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 26 general general JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 27 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 28 model model NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 29 assuming assume VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 30 international international JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 31 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 32 inter inter JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 33 - - JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 34 sectoral sectoral JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 35 IO IO NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 36 linkages linkage NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 38 6 6 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 39 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 41 15 15 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 44 16 16 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 47 17 17 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 49 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 50 thus thus RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 51 do do VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 52 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 53 incorporate incorporate VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 54 complex complex JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 55 inter inter JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 56 - - JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 57 firm firm JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 58 linkages linkage NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 38 59 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 1 As as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 2 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 3 result result NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 4 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 5 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 6 estimates estimate NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 7 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 8 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 9 previous previous JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 10 studies study NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 11 may may MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 12 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 13 largely largely RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 14 undervalued undervalue VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 15 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 16 as as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 17 suggested suggest VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 18 by by IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 19 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 20 findings finding NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 21 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 22 Inoue Inoue NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 23 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 24 Todo Todo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 26 7 7 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 39 28 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 3 this this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 4 study study NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 5 utilizes utilize VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 6 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 7 framework framework NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 8 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 9 Inoue Inoue NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 10 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 11 Todo Todo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 13 7 7 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 15 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 16 examines examine VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 17 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 18 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 19 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 20 economic economic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 21 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 22 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 23 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 24 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 25 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 26 city city NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 27 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 28 prevent prevent VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 29 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 30 spread spread NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 31 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 32 COVID-19 covid-19 NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 33 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 34 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 35 regions region NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 36 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 37 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 38 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 40 39 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 1 In in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 2 particular particular JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 3 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 4 when when WRB cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 5 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 6 large large JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 7 industrial industrial JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 8 city city NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 9 connected connect VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 10 with with IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 11 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 12 regions region NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 13 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 14 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 15 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 16 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 17 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 18 complex complex JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 19 manner manner NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 20 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 21 locked lock VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 22 down down RP cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 23 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 24 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 25 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 26 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 27 may may MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 28 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 29 quite quite RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 30 large large JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 41 31 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 42 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 42 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 42 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 42 4 focus focus VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 42 5 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 42 6 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 42 7 economic economic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 42 8 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 42 9 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 42 10 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 42 11 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 42 12 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 42 13 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 42 14 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 42 15 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 42 16 regions region NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 42 17 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 3 by by IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 4 applying apply VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 5 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 6 agent agent NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 7 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 8 based base VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 9 model model NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 10 developed develop VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 11 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 12 Inoue Inoue NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 13 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 14 Todo Todo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 16 7 7 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 18 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 19 actual actual JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 20 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 21 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 22 chain chain NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 23 linkages linkage NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 24 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 25 approximately approximately RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 26 1.6 1.6 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 27 million million CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 28 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 29 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 30 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 31 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 32 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 33 simulate simulate VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 34 what what WP cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 35 would would MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 36 happen happen VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 37 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 38 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 39 activities activity NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 40 outside outside IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 41 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 42 if if IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 43 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 44 were be VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 45 locked lock VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 46 down down RP cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 47 or or CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 48 nonessential nonessential JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 49 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 50 activities activity NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 51 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 52 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 53 were be VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 54 shut shut VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 55 down down RP cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 56 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 57 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 58 certain certain JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 59 period period NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 43 60 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 1 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 2 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 3 an an DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 4 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 5 case case NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 6 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 7 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 8 purpose purpose NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 9 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 10 this this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 11 study study NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 12 because because IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 14 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 15 one one CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 16 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 17 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 18 largest large JJS cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 19 cities city NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 20 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 21 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 22 world world NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 23 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 24 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 25 hub hub NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 26 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 27 global global JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 28 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 29 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 30 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 31 was be VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 32 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 33 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 34 fact fact NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 35 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 36 locked lock VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 37 down down RP cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 38 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 39 April April NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 40 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 41 May May NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 42 2020 2020 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 44 43 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 1 Using use VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 2 this this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 3 framework framework NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 4 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 6 can can MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 7 obtain obtain VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 8 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 9 reasonable reasonable JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 10 estimate estimate NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 11 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 12 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 13 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 14 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 15 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 16 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 17 across across IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 18 regions region NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 19 that that WDT cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 20 can can MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 21 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 22 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 23 computed compute VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 24 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 25 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 26 studies study NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 27 using use VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 28 econometric econometric JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 29 approaches approach NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 30 or or CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 31 IO IO NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 32 tables table NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 33 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 34 thus thus RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 35 can can MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 36 highlight highlight VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 37 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 38 impact impact NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 39 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 40 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 41 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 42 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 43 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 44 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 45 45 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 2 data datum NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 3 used use VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 4 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 5 this this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 6 study study NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 7 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 8 taken take VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 9 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 10 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 11 Company Company NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 12 Information Information NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 13 Database Database NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 14 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 15 Company Company NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 16 Linkage Linkage NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 17 Database Database NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 18 collected collect VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 19 by by IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 20 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 21 Shoko Shoko NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 22 Research Research NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 24 TSR TSR NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 26 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 27 one one CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 28 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 29 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 30 largest large JJS cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 31 credit credit NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 32 research research NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 33 companies company NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 34 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 35 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 46 36 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 2 former former JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 3 includes include VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 4 information information NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 5 about about IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 6 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 7 attributes attribute NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 8 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 9 each each DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 10 firm firm NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 11 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 12 including include VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 13 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 14 location location NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 15 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 16 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 17 industry industry NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 18 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 19 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 20 sales sale NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 21 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 22 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 23 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 24 number number NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 25 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 26 employees employee NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 27 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 28 whereas whereas IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 29 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 30 latter latter JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 31 includes include VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 32 major major JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 33 customers customer NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 34 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 35 suppliers supplier NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 36 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 37 each each DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 38 firm firm NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 47 39 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 48 1 Because because IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 48 2 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 48 3 data datum NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 48 4 availability availability NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 48 5 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 48 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 48 7 utilize utilize VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 48 8 data datum NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 48 9 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 48 10 firm firm JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 48 11 attributes attribute NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 48 12 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 48 13 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 48 14 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 48 15 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 48 16 2016 2016 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 48 17 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 2 number number NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 3 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 4 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 5 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 6 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 7 data data NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 8 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 9 1,668,567 1,668,567 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 10 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 11 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 12 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 13 number number NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 14 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 15 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 16 chain chain NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 17 links link NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 18 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 19 5,943,073 5,943,073 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 49 20 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 1 That that RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 2 is is RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 3 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 5 data datum NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 6 identify identify VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 7 major major JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 8 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 9 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 10 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 11 most most JJS cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 12 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 13 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 14 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 15 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 16 although although IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 17 they -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 18 lack lack VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 19 information information NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 20 about about IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 21 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 22 chain chain NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 23 links link NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 24 with with IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 25 foreign foreign JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 26 entities entity NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 50 27 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 1 Because because IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 2 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 3 transaction transaction NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 4 value value NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 5 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 6 each each DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 7 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 8 chain chain NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 9 tie tie NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 10 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 11 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 12 available available JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 13 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 14 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 15 data datum NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 16 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 18 estimate estimate VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 19 sales sale NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 20 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 21 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 22 particular particular JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 23 supplier supplier NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 24 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 25 each each DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 26 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 27 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 28 customers customer NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 29 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 30 consumers consumer NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 31 using use VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 32 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 33 total total JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 34 sales sale NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 35 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 36 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 37 supplier supplier NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 38 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 39 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 40 customers customer NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 41 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 42 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 43 input input NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 44 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 45 output output NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 47 IO IO NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 49 tables table NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 50 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 51 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 52 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 53 2015 2015 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 51 54 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 52 1 In in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 52 2 this this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 52 3 estimation estimation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 52 4 process process NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 52 5 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 52 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 52 7 must must MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 52 8 drop drop VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 52 9 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 52 10 without without IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 52 11 any any DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 52 12 sales sale NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 52 13 information information NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 52 14 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 3 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 4 number number NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 5 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 6 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 7 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 9 further further JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 10 analysis analysis NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 11 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 12 966,627 966,627 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 13 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 14 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 15 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 16 number number NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 17 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 18 links link NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 19 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 20 3,544,343 3,544,343 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 53 21 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 1 Although although IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 2 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 3 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 4 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 5 TSR TSR NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 6 data datum NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 7 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 8 classified classify VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 9 into into IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 10 1,460 1,460 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 11 industries industry NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 12 according accord VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 13 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 14 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 15 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 16 Standard Standard NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 17 Industrial Industrial NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 18 Classification Classification NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 19 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 20 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 21 simplify simplify VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 22 them -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 23 into into IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 24 187 187 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 25 industries industry NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 26 classified classify VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 27 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 28 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 29 IO IO NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 30 tables table NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 54 31 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 55 1 S1 S1 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 55 2 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 55 3 provides provide VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 55 4 details detail NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 55 5 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 55 6 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 55 7 data data NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 55 8 construction construction NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 55 9 process process NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 55 10 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 1 In in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 2 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 3 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 4 chain chain NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 5 data datum NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 6 described describe VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 7 above above RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 8 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 9 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 10 degree degree NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 11 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 12 or or CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 13 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 14 number number NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 15 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 16 links link NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 17 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 18 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 19 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 20 follows follow VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 21 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 22 power power NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 23 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 24 law law NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 25 distribution distribution NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 27 see see VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 28 S1 S1 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 29 Fig Fig NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 31 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 32 as as RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 33 often often RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 34 found find VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 35 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 36 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 37 literature literature NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 39 12 12 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 56 41 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 2 average average JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 3 path path NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 4 length length NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 5 between between IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 6 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 7 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 8 or or CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 9 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 10 number number NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 11 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 12 steps step NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 13 between between IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 14 them -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 15 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 16 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 17 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 18 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 19 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 20 4.8 4.8 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 57 21 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 1 This this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 2 small small JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 3 average average JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 4 path path NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 5 length length NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 6 indicates indicate VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 7 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 8 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 9 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 10 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 11 have have VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 12 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 13 small small JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 14 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 15 world world NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 16 property property NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 17 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 18 i.e. i.e. FW cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 19 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 20 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 21 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 22 indirectly indirectly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 23 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 24 closely closely RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 25 connected connect VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 26 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 27 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 28 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 58 29 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 59 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 59 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 59 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 59 4 would would MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 59 5 predict predict VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 59 6 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 59 7 economic economic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 59 8 shocks shock NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 59 9 quickly quickly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 59 10 propagate propagate VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 59 11 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 59 12 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 59 13 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 59 14 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 59 15 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 1 Using use VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 2 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 3 same same JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 4 dataset dataset NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 5 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 6 previous previous JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 7 studies study NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 8 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 9 7 7 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 10 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 11 18 18 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 13 find find VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 14 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 15 46 46 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 16 - - SYM cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 17 48 48 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 18 % % NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 19 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 20 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 21 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 22 included include VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 23 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 24 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 25 giant giant NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 26 strongly strongly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 27 connected connect VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 28 component component NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 30 GSCC GSCC NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 32 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 33 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 34 which which WDT cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 35 all all DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 36 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 37 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 38 indirectly indirectly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 39 connected connect VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 40 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 41 each each DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 42 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 43 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 44 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 45 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 60 46 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 2 large large JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 3 size size NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 4 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 5 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 6 GSCC GSCC NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 7 prominently prominently RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 8 shows show VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 9 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 10 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 11 network network NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 12 has have VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 13 numerous numerous JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 14 cycles cycle NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 15 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 16 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 17 complex complex JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 18 nature nature NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 19 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 20 which which WDT cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 21 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 22 unlike unlike IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 23 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 24 common common JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 25 image image NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 26 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 27 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 28 layered layered JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 29 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 30 chain chain NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 31 structure structure NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 61 32 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 2 simulation simulation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 3 employs employ VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 4 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 5 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 6 agent agent NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 7 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 8 based base VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 9 model model NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 10 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 11 Inoue Inoue NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 12 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 13 Todo Todo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 15 7 7 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 16 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 17 19 19 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 19 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 20 an an DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 21 extension extension NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 22 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 23 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 24 model model NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 25 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 26 Hallegatte Hallegatte NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 28 20 20 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 30 that that WDT cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 31 assumes assume VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 32 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 33 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 34 at at IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 35 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 36 firm firm JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 37 level level NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 62 38 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 1 In in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 2 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 3 model model NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 4 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 5 each each DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 6 firm firm NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 7 utilizes utilize VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 8 inputs input NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 9 purchased purchase VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 10 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 11 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 12 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 13 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 14 produce produce VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 15 an an DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 16 output output NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 17 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 18 sells sell VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 20 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 21 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 22 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 23 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 24 consumers consumer NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 63 25 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 64 1 Supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 64 2 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 64 3 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 64 4 predetermined predetermine VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 64 5 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 64 6 do do VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 64 7 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 64 8 change change VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 64 9 over over IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 64 10 time time NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 64 11 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 64 12 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 64 13 following follow VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 64 14 two two CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 64 15 respects respect NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 64 16 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 1 First first RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 3 each each DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 4 firm firm NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 5 utilizes utilize VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 6 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 7 firm firm JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 8 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 9 specific specific JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 10 set set NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 11 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 12 input input NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 13 varieties variety NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 14 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 15 does do VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 16 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 17 change change VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 18 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 19 input input NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 20 set set VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 21 over over IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 22 time time NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 65 23 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 2 variety variety NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 3 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 4 inputs input NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 5 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 6 determined determine VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 7 by by IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 8 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 9 industry industry NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 10 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 11 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 12 producer producer NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 13 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 14 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 15 hence hence RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 16 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 17 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 18 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 19 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 20 same same JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 21 industry industry NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 22 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 23 assumed assume VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 24 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 25 produce produce VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 26 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 27 same same JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 28 output output NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 66 29 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 1 Second second RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 3 each each DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 4 firm firm NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 5 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 6 linked link VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 7 with with IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 8 fixed fix VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 9 suppliers supplier NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 10 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 11 customers customer NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 12 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 13 can can MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 14 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 15 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 16 linked link VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 17 with with IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 18 any any DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 19 new new JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 20 firm firm NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 21 over over IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 22 time time NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 67 23 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 4 assume assume VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 5 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 6 each each DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 7 firm firm NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 8 keeps keep VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 9 inventories inventory NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 10 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 11 each each DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 12 input input NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 13 at at IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 14 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 15 level level NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 16 randomly randomly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 17 determined determine VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 18 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 19 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 20 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 21 distribution distribution NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 68 22 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 1 Following follow VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 2 Inoue Inoue NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 3 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 4 Todo Todo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 5 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 6 7 7 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 8 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 9 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 10 which which WDT cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 11 parameter parameter NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 12 values value NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 13 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 14 calibrated calibrate VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 15 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 16 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 17 case case NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 18 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 19 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 20 Great Great NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 21 East East NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 22 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 23 earthquake earthquake NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 24 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 25 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 26 assume assume VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 27 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 28 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 29 aim aim VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 30 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 31 keep keep VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 32 inventories inventory NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 33 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 34 nine nine CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 35 days day NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 36 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 37 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 38 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 39 average average JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 69 40 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 1 When when WRB cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 2 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 3 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 4 directly directly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 5 or or CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 6 indirectly indirectly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 7 causes cause VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 8 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 9 reduction reduction NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 10 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 11 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 12 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 13 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 14 particular particular JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 15 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 16 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 17 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 18 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 19 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 20 products product NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 21 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 22 these these DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 23 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 24 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 26 customer customer NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 27 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 28 declines decline VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 70 29 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 1 Then then RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 3 one one CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 4 way way NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 5 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 6 customer customer NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 7 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 8 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 9 maintain maintain VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 10 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 11 current current JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 12 level level NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 13 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 14 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 15 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 16 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 17 use use VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 19 inventories inventory NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 20 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 21 inputs input NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 71 22 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 3 customers customer NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 4 can can MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 5 procure procure VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 6 input input NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 7 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 9 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 10 suppliers supplier NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 11 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 12 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 13 same same JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 14 industry industry NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 15 already already RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 16 connected connect VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 17 prior prior RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 18 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 19 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 20 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 21 if if IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 22 these these DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 23 suppliers supplier NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 24 have have VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 25 additional additional JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 26 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 27 capacity capacity NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 72 28 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 1 If if IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 2 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 3 inventories inventory NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 4 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 5 inputs input NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 6 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 7 substitute substitute JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 8 suppliers supplier NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 9 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 10 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 11 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 12 customers customer NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 13 have have VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 14 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 15 reduce reduce VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 17 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 18 because because IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 19 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 20 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 21 shortage shortage NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 22 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 23 inputs input NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 73 24 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 1 In in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 2 addition addition NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 3 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 4 suppliers supplier NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 5 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 6 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 7 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 8 directly directly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 9 affected affect VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 10 by by IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 11 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 12 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 13 may may MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 14 have have VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 15 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 16 reduce reduce VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 17 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 18 because because IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 19 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 20 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 21 reduction reduction NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 22 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 23 demand demand NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 24 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 25 affected affected JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 26 customers customer NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 74 27 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 75 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 75 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 75 3 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 75 4 economic economic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 75 5 shock shock NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 75 6 propagates propagate VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 75 7 both both CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 75 8 downstream downstream JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 75 9 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 75 10 upstream upstream RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 75 11 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 75 12 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 75 13 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 75 14 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 76 1 S2 S2 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 76 2 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 76 3 provides provide VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 76 4 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 76 5 details detail NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 76 6 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 76 7 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 76 8 model model NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 76 9 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 1 In in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 2 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 3 simulation simulation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 4 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 6 assume assume VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 7 an an DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 8 extreme extreme JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 9 case case NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 10 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 11 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 12 's 's POS cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 13 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 14 where where WRB cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 15 all all DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 16 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 17 activities activity NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 18 that that WDT cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 19 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 20 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 21 essential essential JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 22 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 23 citizens citizen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 24 ' ' POS cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 25 survival survival NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 27 hereafter hereafter RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 28 referred refer VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 29 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 30 as as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 31 non non JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 32 - - JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 33 essential essential JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 34 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 35 activities activity NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 37 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 38 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 39 central central JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 40 part part NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 41 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 42 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 44 23 23 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 45 wards ward NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 46 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 47 hereafter hereafter RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 48 simply simply RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 49 referred refer VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 50 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 51 as as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 52 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 54 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 55 shut shut VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 56 down down RP cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 57 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 58 either either DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 59 one one CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 60 day day NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 61 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 62 one one CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 63 week week NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 64 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 65 two two CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 66 weeks week NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 67 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 68 one one CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 69 month month NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 70 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 71 or or CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 72 two two CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 73 months month NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 77 74 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 1 Essential essential JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 2 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 3 activities activity NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 4 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 5 defined define VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 6 as as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 7 those those DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 8 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 9 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 10 wholesale wholesale NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 11 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 12 retail retail NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 13 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 14 utility utility NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 15 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 16 transport transport NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 17 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 18 storage storage NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 19 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 20 communication communication NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 21 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 22 healthcare healthcare NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 23 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 24 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 25 welfare welfare NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 26 sectors sector NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 28 see see VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 29 S3 S3 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 30 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 31 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 32 details detail NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 78 34 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 1 After after IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 2 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 3 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 4 period period NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 5 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 6 all all DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 7 sectors sector NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 8 immediately immediately RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 9 resume resume VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 10 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 11 at at IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 12 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 13 same same JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 14 level level NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 15 as as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 16 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 17 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 18 pre pre JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 19 - - JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 20 lockdown lockdown JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 21 period period NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 79 22 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 1 Because because IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 2 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 3 inventory inventory NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 4 target target NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 5 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 6 each each DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 7 firm firm NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 8 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 9 randomly randomly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 10 sampled sample VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 11 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 12 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 13 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 14 distribution distribution NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 16 see see VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 17 S2 S2 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 18 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 20 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 21 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 22 run run VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 23 thirty thirty CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 24 simulations simulation NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 25 with with IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 26 different different JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 27 sets set NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 28 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 29 inventory inventory NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 30 targets target NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 31 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 32 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 33 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 34 each each DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 35 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 36 duration duration NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 37 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 38 average average NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 39 over over IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 40 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 41 thirty thirty CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 42 sets set NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 43 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 44 results result NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 80 45 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 81 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 81 2 should should MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 81 3 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 81 4 noted note VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 81 5 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 81 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 81 7 assumption assumption NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 81 8 does do VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 81 9 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 81 10 exactly exactly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 81 11 match match VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 81 12 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 81 13 experience experience NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 81 14 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 81 15 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 81 16 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 1 In in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 2 practice practice NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 3 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 4 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 5 Japanese japanese JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 6 government government NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 7 announced announce VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 8 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 9 state state NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 10 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 11 emergency emergency NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 12 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 13 some some DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 14 prefectures prefecture NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 15 including include VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 16 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 17 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 18 April April NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 19 7 7 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 20 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 21 May May NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 22 25 25 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 23 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 24 2020 2020 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 25 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 26 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 27 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 28 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 29 whole whole JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 30 country country NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 31 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 32 April April NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 33 16 16 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 34 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 35 May May NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 36 14 14 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 82 37 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 1 According accord VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 2 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 3 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 4 Act Act NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 5 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 6 Special Special NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 7 Measures Measures NNPS cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 8 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 9 Pandemic Pandemic NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 10 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 11 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 12 New New NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 13 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 14 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 15 Preparedness Preparedness NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 16 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 17 Response Response NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 18 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 19 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 20 Japanese japanese JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 21 government government NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 22 can can MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 23 declare declare VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 24 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 25 state state NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 26 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 27 emergency emergency NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 28 if if IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 29 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 30 spread spread NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 31 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 32 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 33 infectious infectious JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 34 disease disease NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 35 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 36 such such JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 37 as as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 38 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 39 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 40 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 41 rapid rapid JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 42 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 43 nationwide nationwide JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 83 44 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 1 In in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 2 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 3 state state NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 4 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 5 emergency emergency NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 6 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 7 some some DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 8 economic economic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 9 activities activity NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 10 were be VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 11 requested request VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 12 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 13 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 14 closed close VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 15 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 16 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 17 people people NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 18 were be VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 19 requested request VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 20 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 21 reduce reduce VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 23 contacts contact NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 24 with with IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 25 others other NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 26 by by IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 27 80 80 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 28 % % NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 84 29 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 1 Although although IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 2 there there EX cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 3 was be VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 4 no no DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 5 legal legal JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 6 punishment punishment NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 7 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 8 disobeying disobey VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 9 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 10 requests request NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 11 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 12 strong strong JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 13 social social JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 14 pressure pressure NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 15 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 16 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 17 led lead VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 18 people people NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 19 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 20 businesses business NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 21 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 22 voluntarily voluntarily RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 23 restrict restrict VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 25 activities activity NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 26 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 27 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 28 large large JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 29 extent extent NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 85 30 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 1 As as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 2 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 3 result result NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 4 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 5 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 6 activities activity NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 7 including include VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 8 those those DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 9 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 10 sectors sector NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 11 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 12 officially officially RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 13 restricted restrict VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 14 were be VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 15 reported report VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 16 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 17 shrink shrink VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 18 substantially substantially RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 20 Mainichi Mainichi NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 21 Newspaper Newspaper NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 22 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 23 May May NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 24 27 27 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 25 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 26 2020 2020 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 86 28 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 1 Because because IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 3 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 4 still still RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 5 unclear unclear JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 6 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 7 what what WDT cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 8 extent extent NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 9 economic economic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 10 activities activity NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 11 shrank shrink VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 12 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 14 assume assume VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 15 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 16 complete complete JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 17 shutdown shutdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 18 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 19 non non JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 20 - - JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 21 essential essential JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 22 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 23 activities activity NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 87 24 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 1 In in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 2 addition addition NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 3 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 4 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 5 highlight highlight VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 6 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 7 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 8 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 9 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 10 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 11 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 12 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 13 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 14 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 15 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 16 mega mega NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 17 - - NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 18 city city NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 19 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 20 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 21 regions region NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 22 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 23 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 24 focus focus VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 25 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 26 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 27 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 28 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 29 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 30 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 31 rather rather RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 32 than than IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 33 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 34 entire entire JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 35 economy economy NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 88 36 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 89 1 When when WRB cord-275058-61eof7y8 89 2 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 89 3 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 89 4 locked lock VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 89 5 down down RP cord-275058-61eof7y8 89 6 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 89 7 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 89 8 value value NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 89 9 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 89 10 added add VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 89 11 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 89 12 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 89 13 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 89 14 immediately immediately RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 89 15 becomes become VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 89 16 almost almost RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 89 17 zero zero CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 89 18 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 1 Because because IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 2 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 3 daily daily JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 4 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 5 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 6 non non JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 7 - - JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 8 essential essential JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 9 sectors sector NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 10 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 11 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 12 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 13 estimated estimate VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 14 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 15 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 16 309 309 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 17 billion billion CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 18 yen yen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 19 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 20 or or CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 21 approximately approximately RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 22 2.9 2.9 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 23 billion billion CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 24 US US NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 25 dollars dollar NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 26 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 27 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 28 total total JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 29 direct direct JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 30 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 31 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 32 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 33 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 34 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 35 due due IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 36 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 37 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 38 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 39 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 40 309 309 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 41 billion billion CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 42 yen yen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 43 multiplied multiply VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 44 by by IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 45 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 46 number number NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 47 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 48 days day NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 49 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 50 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 51 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 52 period period NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 90 53 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 91 1 Table table NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 91 2 1 1 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 91 3 shows show VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 91 4 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 91 5 direct direct JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 91 6 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 91 7 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 91 8 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 91 9 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 91 10 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 91 11 each each DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 91 12 case case NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 91 13 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 91 14 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 91 15 second second JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 91 16 column column NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 91 17 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 1 In in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 2 addition addition NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 3 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 4 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 5 third third JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 6 column column NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 7 shows show VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 8 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 9 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 10 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 11 outside outside IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 12 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 14 which which WDT cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 15 includes include VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 16 essential essential JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 17 sectors sector NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 18 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 19 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 20 ; ; : cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 21 hereafter hereafter RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 22 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 23 this this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 24 area area NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 25 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 26 simply simply RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 27 called call VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 28 outside outside IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 29 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 31 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 32 which which WDT cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 33 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 34 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 35 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 36 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 37 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 38 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 39 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 92 40 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 2 indirect indirect JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 3 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 4 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 5 calculated calculate VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 6 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 7 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 8 total total JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 9 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 10 less less RBR cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 11 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 12 direct direct JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 13 damage damage NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 14 over over IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 15 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 16 duration duration NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 17 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 18 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 19 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 20 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 21 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 22 following follow VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 23 three three CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 24 weeks week NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 93 25 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 94 1 As as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 94 2 shown show VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 94 3 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 94 4 Fig Fig NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 94 5 1 1 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 94 6 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 94 7 after after IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 94 8 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 94 9 three three CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 94 10 weeks week NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 94 11 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 94 12 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 94 13 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 94 14 fully fully RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 94 15 recovers recover VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 94 16 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 2 total total JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 3 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 4 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 5 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 6 total total JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 7 gap gap NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 8 between between IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 9 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 10 pre pre JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 11 - - JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 12 lockdown lockdown JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 13 daily daily JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 14 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 15 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 16 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 17 current current JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 18 daily daily JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 19 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 95 20 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 96 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 96 2 results result NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 96 3 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 96 4 Table table NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 96 5 1 1 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 96 6 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 96 7 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 96 8 averages average NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 96 9 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 96 10 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 96 11 simulations simulation NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 96 12 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 2 results result NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 4 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 5 when when WRB cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 6 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 7 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 8 locked lock VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 9 down down RP cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 10 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 11 only only RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 12 one one CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 13 day day NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 14 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 15 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 16 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 17 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 18 outside outside IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 19 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 20 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 21 though though IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 22 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 23 locked lock VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 24 down down RP cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 25 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 26 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 27 already already RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 28 252 252 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 29 billion billion CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 30 yen yen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 31 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 32 82 82 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 33 % % NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 34 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 35 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 36 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 37 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 38 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 39 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 97 40 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 1 When when WRB cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 2 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 3 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 4 continues continue VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 5 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 6 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 7 month month NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 8 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 9 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 10 indirect indirect JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 11 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 12 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 13 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 14 regions region NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 15 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 16 twice twice RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 17 as as RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 18 large large JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 19 as as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 20 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 21 direct direct JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 22 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 23 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 24 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 25 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 26 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 27 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 28 estimated estimate VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 29 total total JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 30 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 31 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 32 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 33 27.6 27.6 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 34 trillion trillion CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 35 yen yen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 36 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 37 or or CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 38 5.22 5.22 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 39 % % NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 40 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 41 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 42 annual annual JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 43 GDP gdp NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 98 44 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 1 In in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 3 1 1 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 4 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 5 each each DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 6 line line NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 7 shows show VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 8 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 9 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 10 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 11 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 12 total total JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 13 daily daily JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 14 value value NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 15 added add VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 16 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 17 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 18 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 19 each each DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 20 case case NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 21 assuming assume VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 22 different different JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 23 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 24 durations duration NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 99 25 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 1 When when WRB cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 2 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 3 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 4 continues continue VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 5 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 6 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 7 month month NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 8 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 9 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 10 daily daily JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 11 value value NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 12 added add VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 13 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 14 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 15 becomes become VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 16 only only RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 17 approximately approximately RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 18 one one CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 19 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 20 seventh seventh NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 21 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 22 that that DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 23 before before IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 24 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 25 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 100 26 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 1 This this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 2 result result NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 3 implies imply VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 4 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 5 even even RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 6 when when WRB cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 7 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 8 initial initial JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 9 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 10 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 11 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 12 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 13 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 14 small small JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 15 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 17 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 18 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 19 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 20 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 21 regions region NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 22 can can MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 23 become become VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 24 large large JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 25 as as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 26 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 27 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 28 continues continue VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 101 29 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 102 1 Fig fig NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 102 2 2 2 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 102 3 shows show VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 102 4 temporal temporal JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 102 5 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 102 6 geographical geographical JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 102 7 visualizations visualization NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 102 8 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 102 9 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 102 10 simulation simulation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 102 11 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 102 12 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 102 13 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 102 14 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 103 1 A a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 103 2 video video NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 103 3 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 103 4 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 103 5 visualization visualization NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 103 6 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 103 7 available available JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 103 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 103 9 see see VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 103 10 S1 S1 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 103 11 Video Video NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 103 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 103 13 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 104 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 104 2 reductions reduction NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 104 3 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 104 4 firm firm JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 104 5 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 104 6 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 104 7 averaged average VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 104 8 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 104 9 municipalities municipality NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 104 10 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 2 red red JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 3 areas area NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 4 indicate indicate VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 5 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 6 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 7 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 8 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 9 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 10 area area NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 11 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 12 less less JJR cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 13 than than IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 14 or or CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 15 equal equal JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 16 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 17 20 20 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 18 % % NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 19 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 20 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 21 ' ' POS cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 22 capacity capacity NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 23 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 24 average average JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 25 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 26 whereas whereas IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 27 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 28 light light JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 29 red red JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 30 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 31 orange orange JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 32 areas area NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 33 show show VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 34 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 35 with with IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 36 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 37 more more RBR cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 38 moderate moderate JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 39 decline decline NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 40 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 41 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 105 42 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 2 left left JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 3 figure figure NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 4 illustrates illustrate VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 5 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 6 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 7 non non JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 8 - - JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 9 negligible negligible JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 10 number number NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 11 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 12 areas area NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 14 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 16 distant distant JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 17 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 18 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 19 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 20 already already RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 21 affected affect VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 22 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 23 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 24 first first JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 25 day day NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 26 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 27 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 28 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 106 29 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 107 1 Two two CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 107 2 weeks week NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 107 3 later later RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 107 4 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 107 5 affected affect VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 107 6 areas area NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 107 7 spread spread VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 107 8 throughout throughout IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 107 9 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 107 10 country country NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 107 11 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 107 12 as as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 107 13 shown show VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 107 14 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 107 15 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 107 16 right right JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 107 17 figure figure NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 107 18 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 108 1 These these DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 108 2 visualizations visualization NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 108 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 108 4 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 108 5 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 108 6 indirect indirect JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 108 7 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 108 8 propagates propagate VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 108 9 geographically geographically RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 108 10 as as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 108 11 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 108 12 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 108 13 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 108 14 prolonged prolong VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 108 15 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 109 1 In in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 109 2 addition addition NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 109 3 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 109 4 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 109 5 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 109 6 simulations simulation NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 109 7 above above RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 109 8 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 109 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 109 10 experiment experiment VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 109 11 with with IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 109 12 three three CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 109 13 alternative alternative JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 109 14 sets set NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 109 15 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 109 16 simulations simulation NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 109 17 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 110 1 First first RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 110 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 110 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 110 4 assume assume VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 110 5 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 110 6 all all DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 110 7 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 110 8 activities activity NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 110 9 including include VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 110 10 essential essential JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 110 11 activities activity NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 110 12 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 110 13 shut shut VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 110 14 down down RP cord-275058-61eof7y8 110 15 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 1 Then then RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 3 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 4 daily daily JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 5 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 6 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 7 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 8 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 9 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 10 471 471 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 11 billion billion CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 12 yen yen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 13 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 14 52 52 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 15 % % NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 16 larger large JJR cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 17 than than IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 18 that that DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 19 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 20 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 21 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 22 simulations simulation NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 24 309 309 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 25 billion billion CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 26 yen yen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 111 28 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 1 However however RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 4 find find VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 5 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 6 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 7 total total JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 8 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 9 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 10 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 11 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 12 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 13 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 14 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 15 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 16 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 17 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 18 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 19 month month NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 20 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 21 31.1 31.1 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 22 trillion trillion CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 23 yen yen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 24 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 25 only only RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 26 13 13 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 27 % % NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 28 larger large JJR cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 29 than than IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 30 that that DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 31 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 32 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 33 benchmark benchmark NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 35 27.6 27.6 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 36 trillion trillion CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 37 yen yen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 40 see see VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 41 S1 S1 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 42 Table Table NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 43 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 44 details detail NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 112 46 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 1 Second second RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 4 assume assume VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 5 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 6 industrial industrial JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 7 demand demand NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 8 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 9 prioritized prioritize VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 10 over over IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 11 consumer consumer NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 12 demand demand NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 13 so so IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 14 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 15 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 16 activities activity NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 17 outside outside IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 18 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 19 will will MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 20 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 21 less less RBR cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 22 affected affect VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 113 23 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 114 1 For for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 114 2 example example NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 114 3 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 114 4 computers computer NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 114 5 can can MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 114 6 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 114 7 used use VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 114 8 Table Table NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 114 9 1 1 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 114 10 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 115 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 115 2 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 115 3 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 115 4 value value NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 115 5 added add VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 115 6 because because IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 115 7 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 115 8 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 115 9 lockdowns lockdown NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 115 10 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 1 This this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 2 table table NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 3 shows show VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 4 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 5 results result NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 6 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 7 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 8 simulations simulation NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 9 assuming assume VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 10 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 11 shutdown shutdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 12 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 13 all all DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 14 non non JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 15 - - JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 16 essential essential JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 17 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 18 activities activity NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 116 19 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 117 1 These these DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 117 2 results result NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 117 3 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 117 4 based base VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 117 5 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 117 6 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 117 7 average average NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 117 8 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 117 9 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 117 10 simulations simulation NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 117 11 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 118 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 118 2 Unit unit NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 118 3 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 118 4 trillion trillion CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 118 5 yen yen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 118 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 118 7 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 1 Indirect indirect JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 2 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 3 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 4 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 5 regions region NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 6 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 7 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 8 Total Total NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 9 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 11 % % NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 12 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 13 GDP GDP NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 15 both both CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 16 by by IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 17 customer customer NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 18 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 19 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 20 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 21 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 22 citizens citizen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 23 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 24 consumption consumption NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 119 25 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 1 In in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 2 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 3 benchmark benchmark NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 4 simulation simulation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 5 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 6 when when WRB cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 7 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 8 output output NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 9 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 10 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 11 product product NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 12 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 13 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 14 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 15 because because IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 16 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 17 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 18 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 19 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 20 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 21 assume assume VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 22 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 23 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 24 limited limited JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 25 output output NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 26 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 27 rationed ration VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 28 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 29 customer customer NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 30 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 31 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 32 consumers consumer NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 33 based base VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 34 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 35 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 36 relative relative JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 37 demand demand NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 38 prior prior RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 39 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 40 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 41 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 120 42 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 1 However however RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 3 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 4 this this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 5 alternative alternative JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 6 simulation simulation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 7 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 8 customer customer NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 9 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 10 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 11 prioritized prioritize VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 12 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 13 maximize maximize VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 14 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 15 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 16 downstream downstream JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 17 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 19 see see VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 20 S2 S2 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 21 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 22 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 23 details detail NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 121 25 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 1 Then then RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 4 find find VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 5 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 6 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 7 one one CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 8 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 9 month month NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 10 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 11 results result NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 12 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 13 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 14 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 15 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 16 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 17 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 18 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 19 27.0 27.0 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 20 trillion trillion CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 21 yen yen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 122 22 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 1 Because because IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 2 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 3 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 4 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 5 does do VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 6 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 7 substantially substantially RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 8 change change VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 9 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 10 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 11 benchmark benchmark NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 12 result result NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 14 27.6 27.6 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 15 trillion trillion CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 16 yen yen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 18 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 19 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 20 conclude conclude VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 21 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 22 industry industry NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 23 prioritization prioritization NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 24 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 25 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 26 very very RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 27 effective effective JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 28 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 29 alleviating alleviate VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 30 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 31 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 32 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 33 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 34 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 35 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 123 36 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 124 1 Finally finally RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 124 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 124 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 124 4 investigate investigate VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 124 5 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 124 6 assumption assumption NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 124 7 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 124 8 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 124 9 moderate moderate JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 124 10 initial initial JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 124 11 shock shock NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 124 12 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 1 Since since IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 3 only only RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 4 know know VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 5 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 6 addresses address NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 7 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 8 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 9 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 10 ' ' POS cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 11 headquarters headquarter NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 12 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 14 assign assign VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 15 each each DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 16 firm firm NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 17 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 18 each each DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 19 headquarters headquarters NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 20 ' ' POS cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 21 location location NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 22 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 23 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 24 benchmark benchmark NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 25 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 26 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 27 above above JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 28 alternatives alternative NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 125 29 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 1 However however RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 3 even even RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 4 if if IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 5 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 6 headquarters headquarters NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 7 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 8 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 9 firm firm NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 10 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 11 located locate VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 12 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 13 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 14 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 15 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 16 business business NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 17 establishments establishment NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 18 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 19 factories factory NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 20 may may MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 21 continue continue VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 22 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 23 operate operate VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 25 however however RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 26 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 28 may may MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 29 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 30 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 31 possible possible JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 32 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 33 obtain obtain VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 34 such such JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 35 detailed detailed JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 36 trade trade NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 37 information information NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 38 between between IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 39 business business NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 40 establishments establishment NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 41 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 42 factories factory NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 126 44 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 1 To to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 2 take take VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 3 this this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 4 situation situation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 5 into into IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 6 consideration consideration NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 7 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 9 proportionally proportionally RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 10 assign assign VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 11 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 12 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 13 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 14 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 15 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 16 that that WDT cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 17 have have VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 18 headquarters headquarters NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 19 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 20 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 21 based base VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 22 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 23 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 24 number number NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 25 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 26 headquarters headquarters NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 28 i.e. i.e. FW cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 29 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 30 counted count VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 31 individually individually RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 33 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 34 business business NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 35 establishments establishment NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 36 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 37 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 38 factories factory NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 39 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 40 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 41 over over IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 42 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 43 number number NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 44 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 45 all all DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 46 areas area NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 127 47 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 1 This this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 2 setting setting NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 3 may may MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 4 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 5 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 6 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 7 side side NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 8 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 9 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 10 extremely extremely RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 11 mitigated mitigate VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 12 condition condition NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 13 because because IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 14 if if IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 15 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 16 headquarters headquarters NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 17 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 18 closed close VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 19 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 20 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 21 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 22 business business NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 23 establishments establishment NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 24 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 25 factories factory NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 26 probably probably RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 27 can can MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 28 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 29 operate operate VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 30 at at IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 31 full full JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 32 capacity capacity NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 128 33 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 1 Obviously obviously RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 3 this this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 4 assumption assumption NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 5 shows show VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 6 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 7 much much RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 8 smaller small JJR cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 9 direct direct JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 10 shock shock NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 12 107 107 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 13 billion billion CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 14 yen yen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 15 per per IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 16 day day NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 18 than than IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 19 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 20 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 21 shock shock NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 23 309 309 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 24 billion billion CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 25 yen yen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 26 per per IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 27 day day NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 129 29 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 1 However however RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 3 if if IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 4 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 5 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 6 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 7 prolonged prolong VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 8 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 9 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 10 month month NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 11 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 12 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 13 total total JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 14 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 15 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 16 22.5 22.5 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 17 trillion trillion CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 18 yen yen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 19 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 20 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 21 difference difference NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 22 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 23 5.10 5.10 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 24 trillion trillion CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 25 yen yen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 26 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 27 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 28 benchmark benchmark NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 130 29 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 131 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 131 2 conclude conclude VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 131 3 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 131 4 this this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 131 5 difference difference NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 131 6 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 131 7 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 131 8 large large JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 131 9 enough enough RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 131 10 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 131 11 change change VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 131 12 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 131 13 interpretations interpretation NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 131 14 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 131 15 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 131 16 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 131 17 results result NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 131 18 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 2 simulation simulation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 3 results result VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 4 clearly clearly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 5 show show VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 6 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 7 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 8 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 9 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 10 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 11 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 12 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 13 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 14 quickly quickly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 15 propagates propagate VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 16 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 17 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 18 regions region NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 19 outside outside IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 20 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 21 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 22 leading lead VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 23 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 24 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 25 substantial substantial JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 26 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 27 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 28 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 29 entire entire JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 30 Japanese japanese JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 31 economy economy NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 132 32 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 1 This this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 2 conclusion conclusion NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 3 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 4 consistent consistent JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 5 with with IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 6 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 7 previous previous JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 8 finding finding NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 9 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 10 economic economic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 11 shocks shock NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 12 due due JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 13 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 14 natural natural JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 15 disasters disaster NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 16 propagate propagate VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 17 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 18 non non JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 19 - - JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 20 disaster disaster JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 21 regions region NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 22 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 23 result result VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 24 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 25 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 26 large large JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 27 total total JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 28 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 29 /citeInoue2019 /citeInoue2019 . cord-275058-61eof7y8 133 30 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 1 Although although IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 2 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 3 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 4 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 5 non non JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 6 - - JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 7 essential essential JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 8 sectors sector NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 9 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 10 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 11 accounts account VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 12 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 13 21.3 21.3 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 14 % % NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 15 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 16 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 17 total total JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 18 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 19 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 20 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 21 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 22 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 23 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 24 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 25 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 26 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 27 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 28 month month NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 29 would would MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 30 result result VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 31 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 32 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 33 reduction reduction NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 34 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 35 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 36 daily daily JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 37 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 38 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 39 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 40 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 41 86 86 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 42 % % NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 43 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 44 or or CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 45 1.25 1.25 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 46 trillion trillion CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 47 yen yen NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 134 48 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 1 In in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 2 addition addition NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 3 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 4 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 5 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 6 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 7 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 8 regions region NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 9 becomes become VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 10 progressively progressively RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 11 larger large JJR cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 12 as as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 13 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 14 duration duration NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 15 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 16 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 17 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 18 becomes become VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 19 longer long RBR cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 20 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 21 when when WRB cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 22 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 23 duration duration NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 24 doubles double VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 25 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 26 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 27 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 28 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 29 more more JJR cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 30 than than IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 31 doubles double NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 135 32 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 1 In in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 2 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 3 case case NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 4 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 5 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 6 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 7 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 8 one one CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 9 day day NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 10 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 11 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 12 total total JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 13 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 14 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 15 value value NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 16 added add VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 17 outside outside IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 18 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 19 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 20 82 82 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 21 % % NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 22 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 23 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 24 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 25 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 26 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 136 27 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 1 However however RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 3 when when WRB cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 4 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 5 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 6 continues continue VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 7 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 8 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 9 month month NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 10 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 11 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 12 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 13 outside outside IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 14 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 15 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 16 twice twice RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 17 as as RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 18 large large JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 19 as as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 20 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 21 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 22 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 23 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 137 24 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 1 This this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 2 result result NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 3 implies imply VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 4 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 5 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 6 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 7 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 8 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 9 longer long JJR cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 10 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 11 can can MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 12 reach reach VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 13 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 14 that that WDT cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 15 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 16 " " `` cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 17 farther farther RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 18 " " '' cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 19 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 20 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 21 along along IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 22 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 23 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 24 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 25 terms term NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 26 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 27 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 28 network network NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 138 29 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 1 To to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 2 alleviate alleviate VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 3 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 4 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 5 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 6 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 7 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 8 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 9 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 10 one one PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 11 could could MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 12 limit limit VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 13 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 14 shutdown shutdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 15 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 16 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 17 activities activity NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 18 or or CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 19 prioritize prioritize VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 20 producers producer NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 21 ' ' POS cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 22 use use NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 23 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 24 goods good NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 25 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 26 services service NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 27 over over IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 28 consumers consumer NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 29 ' ' POS cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 30 use use NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 139 31 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 2 left left JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 3 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 4 right right JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 5 panels panel NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 6 show show VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 7 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 8 first first JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 9 day day NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 10 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 11 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 12 first first JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 13 2 2 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 14 weeks week NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 15 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 16 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 17 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 18 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 19 respectively respectively RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 140 20 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 141 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 141 2 reductions reduction NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 141 3 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 141 4 aggregated aggregate VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 141 5 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 141 6 averaged average VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 141 7 over over IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 141 8 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 141 9 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 141 10 municipalities municipality NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 141 11 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 2 red red JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 3 areas area NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 4 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 5 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 6 example example NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 7 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 8 indicate indicate VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 9 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 10 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 11 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 12 areas area NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 13 whose whose WP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 14 actual actual JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 15 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 16 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 17 substantially substantially RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 19 more more JJR cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 20 than than IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 21 80 80 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 22 % % NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 24 smaller small JJR cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 25 than than IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 27 capacity capacity NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 28 before before IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 29 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 30 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 31 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 32 average average JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 142 33 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 1 However however RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 4 results result NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 5 indicate indicate VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 6 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 7 these these DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 8 measures measure NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 9 would would MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 10 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 11 work work VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 12 well well RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 13 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 14 particularly particularly RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 15 when when WRB cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 16 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 17 duration duration NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 18 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 19 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 20 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 21 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 22 long long JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 143 23 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 144 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 144 2 analysis analysis NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 144 3 provides provide VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 144 4 several several JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 144 5 policy policy NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 144 6 implications implication NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 144 7 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 1 First first RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 3 because because IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 4 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 5 overall overall JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 6 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 7 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 8 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 9 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 10 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 11 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 12 mega mega NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 13 - - NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 14 city city NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 15 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 16 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 17 entire entire JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 18 economy economy NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 19 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 20 extremely extremely RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 21 large large JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 22 when when WRB cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 23 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 24 take take VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 25 into into IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 26 account account NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 27 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 28 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 29 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 30 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 31 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 32 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 33 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 34 lockdowns lockdown NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 35 should should MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 36 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 37 considered consider VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 38 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 39 measure measure NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 40 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 41 last last JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 42 resort resort NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 145 43 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 1 Instead instead RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 3 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 4 spread spread NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 5 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 6 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 7 should should MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 8 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 9 prevented prevent VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 10 earlier early RBR cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 11 using use VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 12 other other JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 13 means mean NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 14 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 15 any any DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 16 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 17 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 18 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 19 mega mega NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 20 - - NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 21 city city NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 22 should should MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 23 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 24 avoided avoid VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 146 25 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 1 Second second RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 3 because because IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 4 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 5 total total JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 6 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 7 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 8 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 9 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 10 progressively progressively RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 11 increases increase VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 12 with with IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 14 duration duration NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 15 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 16 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 17 mega mega JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 18 - - JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 19 city city NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 20 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 21 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 22 if if IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 24 can can MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 25 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 26 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 27 avoided avoid VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 28 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 29 should should MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 30 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 31 as as RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 32 short short JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 33 as as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 34 possible possible JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 147 35 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 1 Policymakers policymaker NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 2 should should MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 3 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 4 aware aware JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 5 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 6 policies policy NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 7 to to TO cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 8 alleviate alleviate VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 9 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 10 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 11 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 12 may may MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 13 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 14 work work VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 15 when when WRB cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 16 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 17 lockdown lockdown NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 18 duration duration NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 19 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 20 long long JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 148 21 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 149 1 Several several JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 149 2 caveats caveat NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 149 3 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 149 4 this this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 149 5 study study NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 149 6 should should MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 149 7 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 149 8 mentioned mention VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 149 9 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 1 First first RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 4 assume assume VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 5 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 6 firms firm NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 7 can can MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 8 not not RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 9 find find VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 10 any any DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 11 new new JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 12 suppliers supplier NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 13 when when WRB cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 14 supplies supply NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 15 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 17 suppliers supplier NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 18 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 19 Tokyo Tokyo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 20 are be VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 21 disrupted disrupt VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 150 22 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 151 1 Second second RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 151 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 151 3 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 151 4 simplicity simplicity NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 151 5 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 151 6 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 151 7 model model NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 151 8 assumes assume VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 151 9 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 151 10 even even JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 151 11 service service NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 151 12 sectors sector NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 151 13 have have VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 151 14 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 151 15 inventory inventory NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 151 16 mechanism mechanism NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 151 17 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 1 Finally finally RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 3 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 4 model model NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 5 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 6 this this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 7 study study NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 8 only only RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 9 considers consider VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 10 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 11 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 12 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 13 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 14 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 15 ignores ignore VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 16 possible possible JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 17 changes change NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 18 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 19 prices price NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 20 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 21 wages wage NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 22 incorporated incorporate VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 23 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 24 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 25 literature literature NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 27 21 21 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 28 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 29 22 22 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 152 31 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 153 1 These these DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 153 2 assumptions assumption NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 153 3 may may MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 153 4 be be VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 153 5 too too RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 153 6 strong strong JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 153 7 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 153 8 leading lead VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 153 9 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 153 10 an an DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 153 11 overestimation overestimation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 153 12 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 153 13 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 153 14 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 153 15 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 153 16 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 154 1 However however RB cord-275058-61eof7y8 154 2 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 154 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 154 4 main main JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 154 5 result result NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 154 6 that that IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 154 7 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 154 8 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 154 9 effect effect NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 154 10 is be VBZ cord-275058-61eof7y8 154 11 substantial substantial JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 154 12 would would MD cord-275058-61eof7y8 154 13 hold hold VB cord-275058-61eof7y8 154 14 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 1 This this DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 2 research research NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 3 was be VBD cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 4 conducted conduct VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 5 as as IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 6 part part NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 7 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 8 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 9 project project NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 10 entitled entitle VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 11 ' ' '' cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 12 ' ' '' cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 13 Dynamics Dynamics NNPS cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 14 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 15 Economy Economy NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 16 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 17 _SP cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 18 Conceptualization conceptualization NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 19 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 20 Hiroyasu Hiroyasu NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 21 Inoue Inoue NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 22 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 23 Yasuyuki Yasuyuki NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 24 Todo Todo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 155 25 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 1 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 2 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 3 Global Global NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 4 Cases Cases NNPS cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 5 by by IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 6 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 7 Input Input NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 8 Specificity Specificity NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 9 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 10 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 11 Propagation Propagation NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 12 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 13 Idiosyncratic idiosyncratic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 14 Shocks Shocks NNPS cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 15 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 16 Production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 17 Networks Networks NNPS cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 18 Input input NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 19 linkages linkage NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 20 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 21 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 22 transmission transmission NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 23 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 24 shocks shock NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 25 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 26 Firm firm JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 27 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 28 level level NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 29 evidence evidence NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 30 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 31 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 32 2011 2011 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 33 Tohoku Tohoku NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 34 earthquake earthquake NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 35 Supply Supply NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 36 chain chain NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 37 disruptions disruption NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 38 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 39 Evidence evidence NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 40 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 41 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 42 Great Great NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 43 East East NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 44 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 45 earthquake earthquake NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 156 46 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 157 1 Columbia Columbia NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 157 2 Business Business NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 157 3 School School NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 157 4 Research Research NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 157 5 Paper Paper NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 157 6 International international JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 157 7 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 157 8 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 157 9 economic economic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 157 10 shocks shock NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 157 11 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 157 12 global global JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 157 13 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 157 14 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 157 15 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 158 1 WINPEC WINPEC NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 159 1 Working Working NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 159 2 Paper Paper NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 160 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 160 2 global global JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 160 3 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 160 4 impacts impact NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 160 5 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 160 6 COVID-19 covid-19 NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 160 7 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 160 8 Seven seven CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 160 9 scenarios scenario NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 160 10 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 1 CAMA CAMA NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 2 Workding Workding NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 3 Paper Paper NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 4 Firm firm JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 5 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 6 level level NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 7 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 8 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 9 shocks shock NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 10 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 11 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 12 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 13 chain chain NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 14 networks network NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 15 Collective collective JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 16 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 17 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 18 ' ' `` cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 19 small small JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 20 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 21 world world NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 22 ' ' '' cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 23 networks network NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 24 Structural structural JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 25 Holes Holes NNPS cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 26 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 27 Good Good NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 161 28 Ideas Ideas NNPS cord-275058-61eof7y8 162 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 162 2 Spread Spread NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 162 3 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 162 4 Behavior Behavior NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 162 5 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 162 6 an an DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 162 7 Online Online NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 162 8 Social Social NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 162 9 Network Network NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 162 10 Experiment Experiment NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 162 11 Networks Networks NNPS cord-275058-61eof7y8 162 12 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 162 13 an an DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 162 14 introduction introduction NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 162 15 Network network NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 162 16 science science NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 163 1 A a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 163 2 simple simple JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 163 3 model model NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 163 4 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 163 5 global global JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 163 6 cascades cascade NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 163 7 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 163 8 random random JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 163 9 networks network NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 2 World World NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 3 Economy Economy NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 4 at at IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 5 Risk Risk NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 7 OECD OECD NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 8 Economic Economic NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 9 Outlook Outlook NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 10 Global Global NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 11 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 12 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 13 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 14 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 15 pandemic pandemic NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 16 Global global JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 17 economic economic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 18 footprint footprint NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 19 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 20 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 21 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 22 pandemic pandemic NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 23 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 24 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 25 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 26 transmission transmission NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 27 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 28 shocks shock NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 29 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 30 domestic domestic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 31 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 32 chains chain NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 164 33 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 1 Central Central NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 2 Bank Bank NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 3 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 4 Ireland Ireland NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 5 Large large JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 6 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 7 scale scale NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 8 structure structure NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 9 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 10 a a DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 11 nation nation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 12 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 13 wide wide JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 14 production production NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 15 network network NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 16 Propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 17 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 18 Negative negative JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 19 Shocks Shocks NNPS cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 20 through through IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 21 Firm Firm NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 22 Networks network NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 23 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 24 Evidence evidence NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 25 from from IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 26 Simulation Simulation NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 27 on on IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 28 Comprehensive Comprehensive NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 29 Supply Supply NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 30 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 31 Chain Chain NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 165 32 Data Data NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 1 An an DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 2 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 3 regional regional JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 4 input input NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 5 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 6 output output NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 7 model model NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 8 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 9 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 10 application application NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 11 to to IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 12 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 13 assessment assessment NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 14 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 15 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 16 economic economic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 17 cost cost NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 18 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 19 Katrina Katrina NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 166 20 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 167 1 Risk risk NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 167 2 analysis analysis NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 168 1 Modeling model VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 168 2 loss loss NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 168 3 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 168 4 propagation propagation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 168 5 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 168 6 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 168 7 global global JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 168 8 supply supply NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 168 9 network network NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 168 10 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 2 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 3 agent agent NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 4 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 5 based base VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 6 model model NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 7 acclimate acclimate VBP cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 8 Transportation Transportation NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 9 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 10 Supply Supply NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 11 Chain Chain NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 12 Resilience Resilience NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 13 in in IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 14 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 15 United United NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 16 Republic Republic NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 17 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 18 Tanzania Tanzania NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 19 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 20 Assessing assess VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 21 the the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 22 Supply Supply NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 23 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 24 Chain Chain NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 25 Impacts impact NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 26 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 27 Disaster disaster NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 28 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 29 Induced Induced NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 30 Transportation transportation NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 169 31 Disruptions disruption NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 170 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 170 2 Ministry Ministry NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 170 3 of of IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 170 4 Internal Internal NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 170 5 Affairs Affairs NNPS cord-275058-61eof7y8 170 6 and and CC cord-275058-61eof7y8 170 7 Communications Communications NNPS cord-275058-61eof7y8 170 8 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 171 1 The the DT cord-275058-61eof7y8 171 2 2015 2015 CD cord-275058-61eof7y8 171 3 updated update VBN cord-275058-61eof7y8 171 4 Input input NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 171 5 - - HYPH cord-275058-61eof7y8 171 6 output output NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 171 7 tables table NNS cord-275058-61eof7y8 171 8 for for IN cord-275058-61eof7y8 171 9 Japan Japan NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 171 10 Methodology Methodology NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 171 11 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 171 12 Hiroyasu Hiroyasu NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 171 13 Inoue Inoue NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 171 14 . . . cord-275058-61eof7y8 172 1 Writing write VBG cord-275058-61eof7y8 172 2 -original -original JJ cord-275058-61eof7y8 172 3 draft draft NN cord-275058-61eof7y8 172 4 : : : cord-275058-61eof7y8 173 1 Hiroyasu Hiroyasu NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 173 2 Inoue Inoue NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 173 3 , , , cord-275058-61eof7y8 173 4 Yasuyuki Yasuyuki NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 173 5 Todo Todo NNP cord-275058-61eof7y8 173 6 . . .