id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-000180-howix091	MacLeod, Iain J.	Binding of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Virions Leads to the Induction of Intracellular Signalling in the Absence of Virus Entry	2010-03-05		.txt	text/plain	6788	316	49	By taking advantage of the entry-defective phenotype of glycoprotein-deficient HSV-1 virus particles, the results presented here show that binding of virions to cellular receptors on the plasma membrane is sufficient to stimulate a change in cellular gene expression. As induction of the NF-kB reporter construct occurred within one hour of inoculation with DgH virions and peaked at around two-and-a-half hours post-inoculation, then the transcripts previHFFs were stimulated with 1000 particles/cell of DgB, DgD or DgH HSV-1 for six hours and a cDNA microarray corresponding to targets of 19 signalling pathways was used to detect changes in cellular gene expression when compared to mock-infected. Real-time PCR confirmed that changes in transcription associated with the NF-kB, JAK/STAT, JAK/Src and PI3K pathways were modulated as a result of virion binding, all of which required gD on the envelope surface To demonstrate that signalling occurred at physiologically relevant multiplicities of infection, HFFs were inoculated with either 1000, 100, 10 or 1 particles per cell of entry-defective HSV-1.	./cache/cord-000180-howix091.txt	./txt/cord-000180-howix091.txt