id sid tid token lemma pos cord-001528-33f94doo 1 1 key key NN cord-001528-33f94doo 1 2 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 1 3 cord-001528- cord-001528- NN cord-001528-33f94doo 2 1 33f94doo 33f94doo CD cord-001528-33f94doo 2 2 authors author NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 2 3 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 2 4 Fouchier Fouchier NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 2 5 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 2 6 Ron Ron NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 2 7 A. A. NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 2 8 M. M. NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 2 9 title title NN cord-001528-33f94doo 2 10 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 2 11 Studies study NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 2 12 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 2 13 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 2 14 Virus Virus NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 2 15 Transmission Transmission NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 2 16 between between IN cord-001528-33f94doo 2 17 Ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 2 18 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 2 19 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 2 20 Public Public NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 2 21 Health Health NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 2 22 Risks Risks NNPS cord-001528-33f94doo 2 23 Revisited revisit VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 2 24 date date NN cord-001528-33f94doo 2 25 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 2 26 2015 2015 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 2 27 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 2 28 01 01 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 2 29 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 2 30 23 23 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 2 31 journal journal NN cord-001528-33f94doo 2 32 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 3 1 mBio mbio NN cord-001528-33f94doo 3 2 DOI doi NN cord-001528-33f94doo 3 3 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 3 4 10.1128 10.1128 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 3 5 / / SYM cord-001528-33f94doo 3 6 mbio.02560 mbio.02560 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 3 7 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 3 8 14 14 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 3 9 sha sha NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 3 10 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 3 11 058b7249ce7acc1c14c989cb2d8db27435f81363 058b7249ce7acc1c14c989cb2d8db27435f81363 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 3 12 doc_id doc_id CD cord-001528-33f94doo 3 13 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 3 14 1528 1528 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 3 15 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 3 16 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 4 1 33f94doo 33f94doo CD cord-001528-33f94doo 5 1 nan nan NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 5 2 L L NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 5 3 ipsitch ipsitch NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 5 4 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 5 5 Inglesby Inglesby NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 5 6 recently recently RB cord-001528-33f94doo 5 7 estimated estimate VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 5 8 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 5 9 potential potential JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 5 10 public public JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 5 11 health health NN cord-001528-33f94doo 5 12 risks risk NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 5 13 associated associate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 5 14 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 5 15 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 5 16 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 5 17 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 5 18 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 5 19 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 5 20 via via IN cord-001528-33f94doo 5 21 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 5 22 droplets droplet NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 5 23 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 5 24 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 5 25 between between IN cord-001528-33f94doo 5 26 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 5 27 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 5 28 leading lead VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 5 29 them -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 5 30 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 5 31 conclude conclude VB cord-001528-33f94doo 5 32 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 5 33 such such JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 5 34 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 5 35 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 5 36 too too RB cord-001528-33f94doo 5 37 risky risky JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 5 38 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 5 39 be be VB cord-001528-33f94doo 5 40 conducted conduct VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 5 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 5 42 1 1 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 5 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 5 44 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 6 1 The the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 6 2 authors author NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 6 3 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 6 4 that that DT cord-001528-33f94doo 6 5 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 6 6 other other JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 6 7 publications publication NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 6 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 6 9 2 2 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 6 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 6 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 6 12 3 3 LS cord-001528-33f94doo 6 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 6 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 6 15 4 4 LS cord-001528-33f94doo 6 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 6 17 estimated estimate VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 6 18 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 6 19 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 6 20 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 6 21 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 6 22 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 6 23 acquired acquire VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 6 24 infections infection NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 6 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 6 26 LAIs LAIs NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 6 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 6 28 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 6 29 onward onward JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 6 30 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 6 31 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 6 32 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 6 33 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 6 34 under under IN cord-001528-33f94doo 6 35 investigation investigation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 6 36 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 6 37 as as RB cord-001528-33f94doo 6 38 well well RB cord-001528-33f94doo 6 39 as as IN cord-001528-33f94doo 6 40 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 6 41 potential potential JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 6 42 consequence consequence NN cord-001528-33f94doo 6 43 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 6 44 public public JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 6 45 health health NN cord-001528-33f94doo 6 46 if if IN cord-001528-33f94doo 6 47 such such JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 6 48 events event NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 6 49 were be VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 6 50 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 6 51 occur occur VB cord-001528-33f94doo 6 52 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 7 1 Given give VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 7 2 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 7 3 weight weight NN cord-001528-33f94doo 7 4 assigned assign VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 7 5 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 7 6 these these DT cord-001528-33f94doo 7 7 risk risk NN cord-001528-33f94doo 7 8 estimates estimate NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 7 9 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 7 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 7 11 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 7 12 important important JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 7 13 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 7 14 potential potential JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 7 15 pitfalls pitfall NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 7 16 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 7 17 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 7 18 underlying underlie VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 7 19 assumptions assumption NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 7 20 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 7 21 these these DT cord-001528-33f94doo 7 22 analyses analysis NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 7 23 be be VB cord-001528-33f94doo 7 24 rigorously rigorously RB cord-001528-33f94doo 7 25 scrutinized scrutinize VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 7 26 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 8 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-001528-33f94doo 8 2 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 8 3 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 8 4 published publish VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 8 5 estimates estimate NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 8 6 were be VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 8 7 based base VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 8 8 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 8 9 historical historical JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 8 10 data datum NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 8 11 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 8 12 did do VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 8 13 not not RB cord-001528-33f94doo 8 14 take take VB cord-001528-33f94doo 8 15 into into IN cord-001528-33f94doo 8 16 account account NN cord-001528-33f94doo 8 17 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 8 18 numerous numerous JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 8 19 risk risk NN cord-001528-33f94doo 8 20 reduction reduction NN cord-001528-33f94doo 8 21 measures measure NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 8 22 that that WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 8 23 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 8 24 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 8 25 place place NN cord-001528-33f94doo 8 26 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 8 27 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 8 28 laboratories laboratory NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 8 29 where where WRB cord-001528-33f94doo 8 30 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 8 31 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 8 32 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 8 33 conducted conduct VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 8 34 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 9 1 Here here RB cord-001528-33f94doo 9 2 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 9 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 9 4 provide provide VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 9 5 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 9 6 critical critical JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 9 7 appraisal appraisal NN cord-001528-33f94doo 9 8 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 9 9 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 9 10 published publish VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 9 11 work work NN cord-001528-33f94doo 9 12 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 9 13 discussing discuss VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 9 14 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 9 15 challenging challenge VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 9 16 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 9 17 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 9 18 modifying modify VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 9 19 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 9 20 estimates estimate NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 9 21 based base VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 9 22 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 9 23 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 9 24 specific specific JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 9 25 conditions condition NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 9 26 under under IN cord-001528-33f94doo 9 27 which which WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 9 28 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 9 29 work work NN cord-001528-33f94doo 9 30 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 9 31 performed perform VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 9 32 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 9 33 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 9 34 properties property NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 9 35 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 9 36 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 9 37 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 9 38 under under IN cord-001528-33f94doo 9 39 investigation investigation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 9 40 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 10 1 By by IN cord-001528-33f94doo 10 2 doing do VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 10 3 so so RB cord-001528-33f94doo 10 4 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 10 5 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 10 6 outcome outcome NN cord-001528-33f94doo 10 7 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 10 8 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 10 9 risk risk NN cord-001528-33f94doo 10 10 assessment assessment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 10 11 changes change NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 10 12 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 10 13 serious serious JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 10 14 risks risk NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 10 15 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 10 16 negligible negligible JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 10 17 risks risk NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 10 18 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 10 19 humans human NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 10 20 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 10 21 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 10 22 environment environment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 10 23 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 11 1 As as IN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 2 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 11 3 consequence consequence NN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 4 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 11 5 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 11 6 more more RBR cord-001528-33f94doo 11 7 balanced balanced JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 11 8 debate debate NN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 9 about about IN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 10 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 11 11 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 12 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 13 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 14 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 15 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 16 via via IN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 17 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 11 18 droplets droplet NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 11 19 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 11 20 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 11 21 between between IN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 22 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 11 23 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 11 24 warranted warrant VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 25 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 11 26 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 27 particular particular JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 11 28 given give VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 29 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 11 30 substantial substantial JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 11 31 public public JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 11 32 health health NN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 33 benefits benefit NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 11 34 assigned assign VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 35 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 36 this this DT cord-001528-33f94doo 11 37 type type NN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 38 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 39 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 11 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 11 41 5 5 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 11 42 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 11 43 6 6 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 11 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 11 45 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 12 1 Initial initial JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 12 2 calculations calculation NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 12 3 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 4 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 12 5 potential potential JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 12 6 risks risk NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 12 7 associated associate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 8 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 9 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 10 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 11 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 12 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 13 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 14 via via IN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 15 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 12 16 droplets droplet NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 12 17 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 12 18 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 12 19 between between IN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 20 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 12 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 12 22 1 1 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 12 23 - - SYM cord-001528-33f94doo 12 24 4 4 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 12 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 12 26 used use VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 12 27 reports report NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 12 28 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 29 select select JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 12 30 agent agent NN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 31 theft theft NN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 32 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 12 33 loss loss NN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 34 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 12 35 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 12 36 release release NN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 37 collected collect VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 38 by by IN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 39 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 12 40 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 12 41 Centers Centers NNPS cord-001528-33f94doo 12 42 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 43 Disease Disease NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 12 44 Control Control NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 12 45 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 12 46 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 12 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 12 48 CDC CDC NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 12 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 12 50 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 51 2004 2004 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 12 52 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 53 2010 2010 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 12 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 12 55 7 7 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 12 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 12 57 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 12 58 calculate calculate VB cord-001528-33f94doo 12 59 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 12 60 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 61 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 62 occurrence occurrence NN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 63 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 12 64 LAIs lai NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 12 65 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 13 1 Although although IN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 2 these these DT cord-001528-33f94doo 13 3 reports report NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 13 4 have have VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 13 5 limitations limitation NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 13 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 13 7 1 1 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 13 8 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 13 9 4 4 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 13 10 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 13 11 7 7 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 13 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 13 13 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 13 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 13 15 provide provide VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 13 16 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 13 17 most most RBS cord-001528-33f94doo 13 18 recent recent JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 13 19 account account NN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 20 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 21 LAIs lai NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 13 22 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 23 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 13 24 United United NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 13 25 States States NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 13 26 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 13 27 probably probably RB cord-001528-33f94doo 13 28 reflect reflect VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 13 29 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 13 30 current current JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 13 31 state state NN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 32 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 33 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 13 34 art art NN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 35 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 36 biosafety biosafety NN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 37 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 13 38 biosecurity biosecurity NN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 39 practices practice NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 13 40 better well RBR cord-001528-33f94doo 13 41 than than IN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 42 older old JJR cord-001528-33f94doo 13 43 studies study NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 13 44 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 45 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 46 incidents incident NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 13 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 13 48 8 8 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 13 49 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 13 50 9 9 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 13 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 13 52 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 13 53 e.g. e.g. RB cord-001528-33f94doo 13 54 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 13 55 as as IN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 56 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 13 57 consequence consequence NN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 58 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 59 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 13 60 implementation implementation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 61 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 62 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 13 63 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 13 64 select select JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 13 65 agent agent NN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 66 program program NN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 67 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 13 68 best good JJS cord-001528-33f94doo 13 69 practices practice NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 13 70 developed develop VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 71 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 72 biosafety biosafety NN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 73 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 13 74 biosecurity biosecurity NN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 75 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 76 general general JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 13 77 over over IN cord-001528-33f94doo 13 78 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 13 79 last last JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 13 80 decades decade NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 13 81 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 14 1 From from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 14 2 2004 2004 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 14 3 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 14 4 2010 2010 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 14 5 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 14 6 11 11 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 14 7 LAIs lai NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 14 8 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 14 9 total total JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 14 10 were be VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 14 11 reported report VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 14 12 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 14 13 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 14 14 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 14 15 CDC CDC NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 14 16 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 14 17 4 4 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 14 18 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 14 19 which which WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 14 20 occurred occur VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 14 21 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 14 22 biosafety biosafety NN cord-001528-33f94doo 14 23 level level NN cord-001528-33f94doo 14 24 3 3 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 14 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 14 26 BSL3 BSL3 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 14 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 14 28 facilities facility NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 14 29 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 15 1 During during IN cord-001528-33f94doo 15 2 this this DT cord-001528-33f94doo 15 3 7-year 7-year CD cord-001528-33f94doo 15 4 period period NN cord-001528-33f94doo 15 5 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 15 6 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 15 7 average average JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 15 8 10,000 10,000 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 15 9 individuals individual NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 15 10 per per IN cord-001528-33f94doo 15 11 year year NN cord-001528-33f94doo 15 12 had have VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 15 13 access access NN cord-001528-33f94doo 15 14 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 15 15 select select VB cord-001528-33f94doo 15 16 agents agent NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 15 17 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 15 18 an an DT cord-001528-33f94doo 15 19 average average NN cord-001528-33f94doo 15 20 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 15 21 292 292 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 15 22 laboratories laboratory NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 15 23 per per IN cord-001528-33f94doo 15 24 year year NN cord-001528-33f94doo 15 25 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 15 26 thus thus RB cord-001528-33f94doo 15 27 totaling total VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 15 28 2,044 2,044 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 15 29 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 15 30 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 15 31 years year NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 15 32 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 15 33 70,000 70,000 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 15 34 personyears personyear NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 15 35 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 15 36 follow follow NN cord-001528-33f94doo 15 37 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 15 38 up up NN cord-001528-33f94doo 15 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 15 40 7 7 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 15 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 15 42 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 16 1 From from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 16 2 these these DT cord-001528-33f94doo 16 3 data datum NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 16 4 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 16 5 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 16 6 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 16 7 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 16 8 occurrence occurrence NN cord-001528-33f94doo 16 9 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 16 10 LAIs lai NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 16 11 under under IN cord-001528-33f94doo 16 12 BSL3 BSL3 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 16 13 conditions condition NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 16 14 was be VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 16 15 calculated calculate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 16 16 as as IN cord-001528-33f94doo 16 17 4/2,044 4/2,044 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 16 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 16 19 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 16 20 2 2 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 16 21 ϫ ϫ CD cord-001528-33f94doo 16 22 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 16 23 Ϫ3 Ϫ3 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 16 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 16 25 per per IN cord-001528-33f94doo 16 26 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 16 27 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 16 28 year year NN cord-001528-33f94doo 16 29 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 16 30 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 16 31 4/70,000 4/70,000 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 16 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 16 33 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 16 34 5.7 5.7 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 16 35 ϫ ϫ CD cord-001528-33f94doo 16 36 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 16 37 Ϫ5 Ϫ5 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 16 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 16 39 per per IN cord-001528-33f94doo 16 40 person person NN cord-001528-33f94doo 16 41 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 16 42 year year NN cord-001528-33f94doo 16 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 16 44 1 1 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 16 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 16 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 16 47 2 2 LS cord-001528-33f94doo 16 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 16 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 16 50 3 3 LS cord-001528-33f94doo 16 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 16 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 16 53 4 4 LS cord-001528-33f94doo 16 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 16 55 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 17 1 These these DT cord-001528-33f94doo 17 2 estimates estimate NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 17 3 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 17 4 however however RB cord-001528-33f94doo 17 5 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 17 6 do do VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 17 7 not not RB cord-001528-33f94doo 17 8 take take VB cord-001528-33f94doo 17 9 into into IN cord-001528-33f94doo 17 10 account account NN cord-001528-33f94doo 17 11 specific specific JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 17 12 pathogen pathogen NN cord-001528-33f94doo 17 13 types type NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 17 14 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 17 15 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 17 16 settings setting NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 17 17 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 18 1 This this DT cord-001528-33f94doo 18 2 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 18 3 crucial crucial JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 18 4 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 18 5 because because IN cord-001528-33f94doo 18 6 working working NN cord-001528-33f94doo 18 7 practices practice NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 18 8 in in RB cord-001528-33f94doo 18 9 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 18 10 e.g. e.g. RB cord-001528-33f94doo 18 11 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 18 12 virology virology NN cord-001528-33f94doo 18 13 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 18 14 microbiology microbiology NN cord-001528-33f94doo 18 15 laboratories laboratory NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 18 16 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 18 17 different different JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 18 18 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 18 19 because because IN cord-001528-33f94doo 18 20 each each DT cord-001528-33f94doo 18 21 biosafety biosafety NN cord-001528-33f94doo 18 22 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 18 23 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 18 24 unique unique JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 18 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 18 26 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 18 27 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 18 28 11 11 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 18 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 18 30 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 19 1 Research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 19 2 facilities facility NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 19 3 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 19 4 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 19 5 experiments experiment NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 19 6 that that WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 19 7 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 19 8 conducted conduct VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 19 9 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 19 10 therefore therefore RB cord-001528-33f94doo 19 11 appraised appraise VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 19 12 through through IN cord-001528-33f94doo 19 13 targeted target VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 19 14 risk risk NN cord-001528-33f94doo 19 15 assessments assessment NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 19 16 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 19 17 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 19 18 which which WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 19 19 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 19 20 planned plan VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 19 21 studies study NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 19 22 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 19 23 scrutinized scrutinize VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 19 24 before before IN cord-001528-33f94doo 19 25 any any DT cord-001528-33f94doo 19 26 experiment experiment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 19 27 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 19 28 started start VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 19 29 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 20 1 On on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 20 2 this this DT cord-001528-33f94doo 20 3 note note NN cord-001528-33f94doo 20 4 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 20 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 20 6 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 20 7 important important JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 20 8 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 20 9 none none NN cord-001528-33f94doo 20 10 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 20 11 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 20 12 LAIs lai NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 20 13 reported report VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 20 14 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 20 15 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 20 16 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 20 17 CDC CDC NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 20 18 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 20 19 2004 2004 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 20 20 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 20 21 2010 2010 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 21 1 involved involve VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 2 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 21 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 21 4 7 7 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 21 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 21 6 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 21 7 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 21 8 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 21 9 risks risk NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 21 10 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 11 LAIs lai NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 21 12 associated associate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 13 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 14 work work NN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 15 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 16 viral viral JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 21 17 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 21 18 should should MD cord-001528-33f94doo 21 19 thus thus RB cord-001528-33f94doo 21 20 be be VB cord-001528-33f94doo 21 21 estimated estimate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 22 as as IN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 23 less less JJR cord-001528-33f94doo 21 24 than than IN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 25 1 1 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 21 26 per per IN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 27 2,044 2,044 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 21 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 21 29 Ͻ5 ͻ5 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 21 30 ϫ ϫ NN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 31 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 21 32 Ϫ4 ϫ4 NN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 33 per per IN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 34 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 35 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 21 36 year year NN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 21 38 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 21 39 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 21 40 less less JJR cord-001528-33f94doo 21 41 than than IN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 42 1 1 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 21 43 per per IN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 44 70,000 70,000 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 21 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 21 46 Ͻ1.4 Ͻ1.4 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 21 47 ϫ ϫ NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 21 48 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 21 49 Ϫ5 Ϫ5 NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 21 50 per per IN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 51 person person NN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 52 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 21 53 year year NN cord-001528-33f94doo 21 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 21 55 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 22 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB cord-001528-33f94doo 22 2 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 22 3 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 22 4 report report NN cord-001528-33f94doo 22 5 by by IN cord-001528-33f94doo 22 6 Henkel Henkel NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 22 7 et et NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 22 8 al al NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 22 9 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 23 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 23 2 7 7 LS cord-001528-33f94doo 23 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 23 4 does do VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 23 5 not not RB cord-001528-33f94doo 23 6 specify specify VB cord-001528-33f94doo 23 7 how how WRB cord-001528-33f94doo 23 8 many many JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 23 9 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 23 10 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 23 11 2,044 2,044 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 23 12 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 23 13 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 23 14 years year NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 23 15 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 23 16 70,000 70,000 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 23 17 person person NN cord-001528-33f94doo 23 18 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 23 19 years year NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 23 20 were be VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 23 21 related relate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 23 22 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 23 23 BSL3 BSL3 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 23 24 facilities facility NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 23 25 versus versus IN cord-001528-33f94doo 23 26 BSL2 BSL2 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 23 27 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 23 28 BSL4 BSL4 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 23 29 facilities facility NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 23 30 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 24 1 Thus thus RB cord-001528-33f94doo 24 2 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 24 3 using use VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 24 4 2,044 2,044 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 24 5 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 24 6 70,000 70,000 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 24 7 as as IN cord-001528-33f94doo 24 8 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 24 9 denominators denominator NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 24 10 yields yield VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 24 11 an an DT cord-001528-33f94doo 24 12 underestimation underestimation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 24 13 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 24 14 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 24 15 true true JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 24 16 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 24 17 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 24 18 LAIs lai NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 24 19 under under IN cord-001528-33f94doo 24 20 BSL3 BSL3 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 24 21 conditions condition NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 24 22 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 24 23 as as IN cord-001528-33f94doo 24 24 discussed discuss VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 24 25 previously previously RB cord-001528-33f94doo 24 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 24 27 1 1 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 24 28 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 24 29 4 4 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 24 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 24 31 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 25 1 Research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 25 2 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 25 3 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 25 4 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 25 5 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 25 6 via via IN cord-001528-33f94doo 25 7 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 25 8 droplets droplet NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 25 9 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 25 10 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 25 11 between between IN cord-001528-33f94doo 25 12 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 25 13 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 25 14 performed perform VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 25 15 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 25 16 facilities facility NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 25 17 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 25 18 under under IN cord-001528-33f94doo 25 19 conditions condition NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 25 20 that that WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 25 21 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 25 22 specifically specifically RB cord-001528-33f94doo 25 23 designed design VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 25 24 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 25 25 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 25 26 purpose purpose NN cord-001528-33f94doo 25 27 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 25 28 such such JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 25 29 studies study NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 25 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 25 31 12 12 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 25 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 25 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 25 34 13 13 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 25 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 26 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 26 2 14 14 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 26 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 27 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 27 2 15 15 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 27 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 27 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 27 5 16 16 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 27 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 27 7 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 28 1 In in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 28 2 ordinary ordinary JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 28 3 BSL3 BSL3 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 28 4 laboratories laboratory NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 28 5 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 28 6 including include VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 28 7 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 28 8 laboratories laboratory NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 28 9 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 28 10 work work NN cord-001528-33f94doo 28 11 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 28 12 performed perform VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 28 13 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 28 14 open open JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 28 15 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 28 16 front front JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 28 17 class class NN cord-001528-33f94doo 28 18 2 2 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 28 19 biosafety biosafety NN cord-001528-33f94doo 28 20 cabinets cabinet NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 28 21 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 28 22 directional directional JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 28 23 airflow airflow NN cord-001528-33f94doo 28 24 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 28 25 aimed aim VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 28 26 at at IN cord-001528-33f94doo 28 27 protecting protect VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 28 28 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 28 29 environment environment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 28 30 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 28 31 release release NN cord-001528-33f94doo 28 32 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 28 33 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 28 34 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 28 35 protecting protect VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 28 36 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 28 37 workers worker NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 28 38 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 28 39 exposure exposure NN cord-001528-33f94doo 28 40 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 29 1 Contrary contrary JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 29 2 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 3 ordinary ordinary JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 29 4 BSL3 BSL3 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 29 5 conditions condition NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 29 6 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 7 work work NN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 8 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 9 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 29 10 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 29 11 all all DT cord-001528-33f94doo 29 12 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 13 vivo vivo NN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 14 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 29 15 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 16 vitro vitro FW cord-001528-33f94doo 29 17 experimental experimental JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 29 18 work work NN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 19 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 20 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 21 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 22 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 23 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 24 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 29 25 Erasmus Erasmus NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 29 26 MC MC NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 29 27 facility facility NN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 28 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 29 29 carried carry VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 30 out out RP cord-001528-33f94doo 29 31 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 32 class class NN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 33 3 3 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 29 34 isolators isolator NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 29 35 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 29 36 class class NN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 37 3 3 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 29 38 biosafety biosafety NN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 39 cabinets cabinet NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 29 40 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 29 41 which which WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 29 42 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 29 43 airtight airtight JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 29 44 boxes box NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 29 45 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 46 negative negative JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 29 47 pressure pressure NN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 29 49 ϽϪ200 ͻϫ200 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 29 50 Pa Pa NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 29 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 29 52 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 29 53 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 29 54 ensure ensure VB cord-001528-33f94doo 29 55 inward inward JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 29 56 flow flow NN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 57 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 58 case case NN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 59 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 60 leakage leakage NN cord-001528-33f94doo 29 61 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 29 62 12 12 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 29 63 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 29 64 16 16 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 29 65 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 29 66 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 30 1 Handling handling NN cord-001528-33f94doo 30 2 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 30 3 done do VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 30 4 through through IN cord-001528-33f94doo 30 5 airtight airtight JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 30 6 gloves glove NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 30 7 fitted fit VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 30 8 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 30 9 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 30 10 front front NN cord-001528-33f94doo 30 11 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 30 12 these these DT cord-001528-33f94doo 30 13 cabinets cabinet NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 30 14 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 31 1 Air air NN cord-001528-33f94doo 31 2 released release VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 31 3 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 31 4 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 31 5 class class NN cord-001528-33f94doo 31 6 3 3 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 31 7 units unit NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 31 8 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 31 9 filtered filter VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 31 10 by by IN cord-001528-33f94doo 31 11 high high JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 31 12 efficiency efficiency NN cord-001528-33f94doo 31 13 particulate particulate NN cord-001528-33f94doo 31 14 air air NN cord-001528-33f94doo 31 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 31 16 HEPA HEPA NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 31 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 31 18 filters filter NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 31 19 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 31 20 then then RB cord-001528-33f94doo 31 21 leaves leave VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 31 22 directly directly RB cord-001528-33f94doo 31 23 via via IN cord-001528-33f94doo 31 24 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 31 25 facility facility NN cord-001528-33f94doo 31 26 ventilation ventilation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 31 27 system system NN cord-001528-33f94doo 31 28 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 31 29 again again RB cord-001528-33f94doo 31 30 via via IN cord-001528-33f94doo 31 31 HEPA HEPA NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 31 32 filters filter NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 31 33 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 32 1 Only only RB cord-001528-33f94doo 32 2 authorized authorize VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 32 3 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 32 4 experienced experienced JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 32 5 personnel personnel NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 32 6 that that WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 32 7 have have VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 32 8 received receive VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 32 9 extensive extensive JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 32 10 training training NN cord-001528-33f94doo 32 11 can can MD cord-001528-33f94doo 32 12 access access VB cord-001528-33f94doo 32 13 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 32 14 facility facility NN cord-001528-33f94doo 32 15 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 33 1 For for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 33 2 animal animal NN cord-001528-33f94doo 33 3 handling handling NN cord-001528-33f94doo 33 4 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 33 5 personnel personnel NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 33 6 always always RB cord-001528-33f94doo 33 7 work work VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 33 8 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 33 9 pairs pair NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 33 10 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 33 11 reduce reduce VB cord-001528-33f94doo 33 12 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 33 13 chance chance NN cord-001528-33f94doo 33 14 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 33 15 human human JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 33 16 error error NN cord-001528-33f94doo 33 17 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 34 1 Although although IN cord-001528-33f94doo 34 2 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 34 3 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 34 4 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 34 5 considered consider VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 34 6 " " `` cord-001528-33f94doo 34 7 clean clean JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 34 8 " " '' cord-001528-33f94doo 34 9 because because IN cord-001528-33f94doo 34 10 all all DT cord-001528-33f94doo 34 11 experiments experiment NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 34 12 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 34 13 conducted conduct VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 34 14 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 34 15 closed closed JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 34 16 class class NN cord-001528-33f94doo 34 17 3 3 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 34 18 cabinets cabinet NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 34 19 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 34 20 isolators isolator NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 34 21 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 34 22 special special JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 34 23 personal personal JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 34 24 protective protective JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 34 25 equipment equipment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 34 26 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 34 27 including include VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 34 28 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 34 29 suits suit NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 34 30 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 34 31 gloves glove NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 34 32 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 34 33 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 34 34 FFP3 FFP3 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 34 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 34 36 class class NN cord-001528-33f94doo 34 37 3 3 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 34 38 filtering filtering NN cord-001528-33f94doo 34 39 face face NN cord-001528-33f94doo 34 40 piece piece NN cord-001528-33f94doo 34 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 34 42 facemasks facemask NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 34 43 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 34 44 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 34 45 used use VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 34 46 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 34 47 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 34 48 all all DT cord-001528-33f94doo 34 49 personnel personnel NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 34 50 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 34 51 vaccinated vaccinate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 34 52 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 34 53 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 34 54 homologous homologous JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 34 55 A A NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 34 56 / / SYM cord-001528-33f94doo 34 57 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 34 58 vaccine vaccine NN cord-001528-33f94doo 34 59 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 35 1 All all DT cord-001528-33f94doo 35 2 equipment equipment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 35 3 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 35 4 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 35 5 fa fa NN cord-001528-33f94doo 35 6 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 35 7 cilities cilitie NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 35 8 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 35 9 monitored monitor VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 35 10 electronically electronically RB cord-001528-33f94doo 35 11 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 35 12 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 35 13 alarm alarm NN cord-001528-33f94doo 35 14 systems system NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 35 15 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 35 16 employed employ VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 35 17 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 35 18 ensure ensure VB cord-001528-33f94doo 35 19 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 35 20 workers worker NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 35 21 do do VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 35 22 not not RB cord-001528-33f94doo 35 23 enter enter VB cord-001528-33f94doo 35 24 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 35 25 facilities facility NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 35 26 if if IN cord-001528-33f94doo 35 27 equipment equipment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 35 28 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 35 29 malfunctioning malfunction VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 35 30 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 36 1 All all DT cord-001528-33f94doo 36 2 personnel personnel NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 36 3 have have VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 36 4 been be VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 36 5 instructed instruct VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 36 6 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 36 7 trained train VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 36 8 how how WRB cord-001528-33f94doo 36 9 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 36 10 act act VB cord-001528-33f94doo 36 11 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 36 12 case case NN cord-001528-33f94doo 36 13 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 36 14 incidents incident NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 36 15 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 36 16 which which WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 36 17 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 36 18 handled handle VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 36 19 upon upon IN cord-001528-33f94doo 36 20 consultation consultation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 36 21 between between IN cord-001528-33f94doo 36 22 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 36 23 senior senior JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 36 24 staff staff NN cord-001528-33f94doo 36 25 member member NN cord-001528-33f94doo 36 26 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 36 27 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 36 28 clinical clinical JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 36 29 microbiologist microbiologist NN cord-001528-33f94doo 36 30 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 36 31 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 36 32 institutional institutional JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 36 33 biosafety biosafety NN cord-001528-33f94doo 36 34 officers officer NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 36 35 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 36 36 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 36 37 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 36 38 facility facility NN cord-001528-33f94doo 36 39 management management NN cord-001528-33f94doo 36 40 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 37 1 Antiviral antiviral JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 37 2 drugs drug NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 37 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 37 4 oseltamivir oseltamivir NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 37 5 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 37 6 zanamivir zanamivir NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 37 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 37 8 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 37 9 used use VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 37 10 immediately immediately RB cord-001528-33f94doo 37 11 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 37 12 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 37 13 event event NN cord-001528-33f94doo 37 14 that that WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 37 15 an an DT cord-001528-33f94doo 37 16 incident incident NN cord-001528-33f94doo 37 17 should should MD cord-001528-33f94doo 37 18 occur occur VB cord-001528-33f94doo 37 19 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 38 1 Every every DT cord-001528-33f94doo 38 2 incident incident NN cord-001528-33f94doo 38 3 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 38 4 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 38 5 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 38 6 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 38 7 followed follow VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 38 8 up up RP cord-001528-33f94doo 38 9 by by IN cord-001528-33f94doo 38 10 actions action NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 38 11 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 38 12 prevent prevent VB cord-001528-33f94doo 38 13 such such JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 38 14 incidents incident NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 38 15 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 38 16 happening happen VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 38 17 again again RB cord-001528-33f94doo 38 18 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 39 1 The the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 39 2 facilities facility NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 39 3 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 39 4 personnel personnel NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 39 5 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 39 6 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 39 7 procedures procedure NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 39 8 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 39 9 inspected inspect VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 39 10 by by IN cord-001528-33f94doo 39 11 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 39 12 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 39 13 CDC CDC NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 39 14 every every DT cord-001528-33f94doo 39 15 3 3 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 39 16 years year NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 39 17 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 39 18 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 39 19 agreement agreement NN cord-001528-33f94doo 39 20 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 39 21 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 39 22 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 39 23 select select JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 39 24 agent agent NN cord-001528-33f94doo 39 25 regulations regulation NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 39 26 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 39 27 overseas overseas JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 39 28 laboratories laboratory NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 39 29 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 39 30 by by IN cord-001528-33f94doo 39 31 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 39 32 Dutch dutch JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 39 33 government government NN cord-001528-33f94doo 39 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 39 35 Inspectie Inspectie NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 39 36 Leefomgeving Leefomgeving NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 39 37 en en IN cord-001528-33f94doo 39 38 Transport transport NN cord-001528-33f94doo 39 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 39 40 ILT ILT NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 39 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 39 42 inspection inspection NN cord-001528-33f94doo 39 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 39 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 39 45 12 12 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 39 46 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 39 47 16 16 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 39 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 39 49 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 40 1 The the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 40 2 biosafety biosafety NN cord-001528-33f94doo 40 3 conditions condition NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 40 4 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 40 5 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 40 6 Erasmus Erasmus NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 40 7 MC MC NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 40 8 facility facility NN cord-001528-33f94doo 40 9 thus thus RB cord-001528-33f94doo 40 10 extend extend VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 40 11 well well RB cord-001528-33f94doo 40 12 beyond beyond IN cord-001528-33f94doo 40 13 " " `` cord-001528-33f94doo 40 14 normal normal JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 40 15 " " '' cord-001528-33f94doo 40 16 BSL3 bsl3 JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 40 17 conditions condition NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 40 18 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 40 19 working work VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 40 20 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 40 21 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 40 22 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 40 23 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 40 24 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 40 25 number number NN cord-001528-33f94doo 40 26 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 40 27 these these DT cord-001528-33f94doo 40 28 biosafety biosafety NN cord-001528-33f94doo 40 29 measures measure NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 40 30 should should MD cord-001528-33f94doo 40 31 be be VB cord-001528-33f94doo 40 32 considered consider VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 40 33 when when WRB cord-001528-33f94doo 40 34 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 40 35 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 40 36 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 40 37 LAIs lai NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 40 38 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 40 39 inferred infer VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 40 40 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 40 41 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 40 42 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 40 43 CDC CDC NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 40 44 report report NN cord-001528-33f94doo 40 45 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 41 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB cord-001528-33f94doo 41 2 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 41 3 an an DT cord-001528-33f94doo 41 4 exact exact JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 41 5 number number NN cord-001528-33f94doo 41 6 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 41 7 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 41 8 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-001528-33f94doo 41 9 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 41 10 individual individual JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 41 11 biosafety biosafety NN cord-001528-33f94doo 41 12 measures measure NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 41 13 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 41 14 not not RB cord-001528-33f94doo 41 15 available available JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 41 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 41 17 9 9 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 41 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 41 19 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 42 1 However however RB cord-001528-33f94doo 42 2 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 42 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 42 4 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 42 5 reasonable reasonable JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 42 6 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 42 7 assume assume VB cord-001528-33f94doo 42 8 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 9 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 42 10 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 11 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 12 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 42 13 physical physical JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 42 14 separation separation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 15 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 16 personnel personnel NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 42 17 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 18 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 42 19 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 42 20 they -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 42 21 work work VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 42 22 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 23 through through IN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 24 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 42 25 use use NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 26 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 27 class class NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 28 3 3 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 42 29 isolator isolator NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 30 units unit NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 42 31 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 42 32 class class NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 33 3 3 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 42 34 biosafety biosafety NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 35 cabinets cabinet NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 42 36 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 42 37 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 42 38 use use NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 39 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 40 personnel personnel NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 42 41 protective protective JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 42 42 equipment equipment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 43 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 42 44 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 42 45 extensive extensive JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 42 46 training training NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 47 program program NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 48 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 42 49 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 42 50 use use NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 51 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 52 experienced experienced JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 42 53 personnel personnel NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 42 54 only only RB cord-001528-33f94doo 42 55 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 42 56 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 42 57 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 42 58 application application NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 59 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 60 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 42 61 two two CD cord-001528-33f94doo 42 62 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 42 63 person person NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 64 rule rule NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 65 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 42 66 reduce reduce VB cord-001528-33f94doo 42 67 human human JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 42 68 error error NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 69 during during IN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 70 animal animal NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 71 experiments experiment NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 42 72 would would MD cord-001528-33f94doo 42 73 yield yield VB cord-001528-33f94doo 42 74 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 42 75 decrease decrease NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 76 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 77 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 42 78 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 79 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 42 80 LAIs lai NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 42 81 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 43 1 Although although IN cord-001528-33f94doo 43 2 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 43 3 magnitude magnitude NN cord-001528-33f94doo 43 4 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 43 5 this this DT cord-001528-33f94doo 43 6 increase increase NN cord-001528-33f94doo 43 7 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 43 8 safety safety NN cord-001528-33f94doo 43 9 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 43 10 not not RB cord-001528-33f94doo 43 11 known know VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 43 12 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 43 13 I -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 43 14 assume assume VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 43 15 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 43 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 43 17 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 43 18 at at IN cord-001528-33f94doo 43 19 least least JJS cord-001528-33f94doo 43 20 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 43 21 factor factor NN cord-001528-33f94doo 43 22 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 43 23 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 43 24 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 44 1 Using use VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 44 2 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 44 3 risk risk NN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 4 analysis analysis NN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 5 done do VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 6 by by IN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 7 others other NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 44 8 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 44 9 this this DT cord-001528-33f94doo 44 10 assumption assumption NN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 11 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 12 reduced reduced JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 44 13 risk risk NN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 14 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 44 15 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 44 16 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 17 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 18 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 44 19 LAI lai NN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 20 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 21 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 44 22 Erasmus Erasmus NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 44 23 MC MC NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 44 24 facility facility NN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 25 would would MD cord-001528-33f94doo 44 26 be be VB cord-001528-33f94doo 44 27 reduced reduce VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 28 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 29 below below IN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 30 0.1 0.1 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 44 31 ϫ ϫ CD cord-001528-33f94doo 44 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 44 33 1.4 1.4 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 44 34 ϫ ϫ CD cord-001528-33f94doo 44 35 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 44 36 Ϫ5 Ϫ5 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 44 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 44 38 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 44 39 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 44 40 Ͻ1.4 Ͻ1.4 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 44 41 ϫ ϫ NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 44 42 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 44 43 Ϫ6 ϫ6 NN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 44 per per IN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 45 person person NN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 46 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 44 47 year year NN cord-001528-33f94doo 44 48 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 45 1 The the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 45 2 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 45 3 risk risk NN cord-001528-33f94doo 45 4 assessment assessment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 45 5 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 45 6 be be VB cord-001528-33f94doo 45 7 performed perform VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 45 8 upon upon IN cord-001528-33f94doo 45 9 request request NN cord-001528-33f94doo 45 10 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 45 11 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 45 12 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 45 13 government government NN cord-001528-33f94doo 45 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 45 15 17 17 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 45 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 45 17 will will MD cord-001528-33f94doo 45 18 have have VB cord-001528-33f94doo 45 19 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 45 20 challenging challenging JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 45 21 task task NN cord-001528-33f94doo 45 22 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 45 23 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 45 24 better well JJR cord-001528-33f94doo 45 25 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 45 26 assessment assessment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 45 27 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 45 28 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 45 29 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-001528-33f94doo 45 30 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 45 31 each each DT cord-001528-33f94doo 45 32 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 45 33 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 45 34 biosafety biosafety NN cord-001528-33f94doo 45 35 measures measure NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 45 36 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 45 37 individual individual JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 45 38 laboratories laboratory NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 45 39 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 45 40 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 45 41 yield yield VB cord-001528-33f94doo 45 42 exact exact JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 45 43 numbers number NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 45 44 instead instead RB cord-001528-33f94doo 45 45 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 45 46 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 45 47 conservative conservative JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 45 48 estimates estimate NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 45 49 used use VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 45 50 here here RB cord-001528-33f94doo 45 51 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 46 1 The the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 46 2 vaccination vaccination NN cord-001528-33f94doo 46 3 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 46 4 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 46 5 personnel personnel NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 46 6 against against IN cord-001528-33f94doo 46 7 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 46 8 homologous homologous JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 46 9 A A NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 46 10 / / SYM cord-001528-33f94doo 46 11 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 46 12 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 46 13 under under IN cord-001528-33f94doo 46 14 investigation investigation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 46 15 produces produce VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 46 16 another another DT cord-001528-33f94doo 46 17 layer layer NN cord-001528-33f94doo 46 18 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 46 19 safety safety NN cord-001528-33f94doo 46 20 that that WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 46 21 results result VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 46 22 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 46 23 further further JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 46 24 risk risk NN cord-001528-33f94doo 46 25 mitigation mitigation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 46 26 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 47 1 Given give VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 2 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 47 3 generally generally RB cord-001528-33f94doo 47 4 accepted accept VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 5 efficacy efficacy NN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 6 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 7 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 8 vaccine vaccine NN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 9 of~65 of~65 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 47 10 % % NN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 11 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 12 laboratoryconfirmed laboratoryconfirme VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 13 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 14 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 15 healthy healthy JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 47 16 adults adult NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 47 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 47 18 18 18 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 47 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 47 20 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 47 21 vaccination vaccination NN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 22 reduces reduce VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 47 23 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 47 24 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 25 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 26 an an DT cord-001528-33f94doo 47 27 LAI LAI NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 47 28 that that WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 47 29 results result VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 47 30 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 31 viral viral JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 47 32 escape escape NN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 33 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 34 below below IN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 35 0.35 0.35 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 47 36 ϫ ϫ NN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 47 38 1.4 1.4 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 47 39 ϫ ϫ CD cord-001528-33f94doo 47 40 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 47 41 Ϫ6 Ϫ6 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 47 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 47 43 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 47 44 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 47 45 Ͻ5 ͻ5 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 47 46 ϫ ϫ NN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 47 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 47 48 Ϫ7 ϫ7 NN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 49 per per IN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 50 person person NN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 51 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 47 52 year year NN cord-001528-33f94doo 47 53 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 48 1 The the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 48 2 65 65 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 48 3 % % NN cord-001528-33f94doo 48 4 value value NN cord-001528-33f94doo 48 5 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 48 6 almost almost RB cord-001528-33f94doo 48 7 certainly certainly RB cord-001528-33f94doo 48 8 an an DT cord-001528-33f94doo 48 9 underestimate underestimate NN cord-001528-33f94doo 48 10 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 48 11 because because IN cord-001528-33f94doo 48 12 this this DT cord-001528-33f94doo 48 13 number number NN cord-001528-33f94doo 48 14 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 48 15 taken take VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 48 16 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 48 17 general general JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 48 18 population population NN cord-001528-33f94doo 48 19 studies study NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 48 20 that that WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 48 21 include include VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 48 22 individuals individual NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 48 23 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 48 24 impaired impaired JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 48 25 immunity immunity NN cord-001528-33f94doo 48 26 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 48 27 nonexact nonexact NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 48 28 matches match NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 48 29 between between IN cord-001528-33f94doo 48 30 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 48 31 vaccine vaccine NN cord-001528-33f94doo 48 32 antigen antigen NN cord-001528-33f94doo 48 33 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 48 34 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 48 35 circulating circulate VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 48 36 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 48 37 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 49 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 49 2 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 49 3 important important JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 49 4 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 49 5 note note VB cord-001528-33f94doo 49 6 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 49 7 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 49 8 antibody antibody NN cord-001528-33f94doo 49 9 titers titer NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 49 10 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 49 11 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-001528-33f94doo 49 12 vaccinated vaccinated JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 49 13 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 49 14 workers worker NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 49 15 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 49 16 high high JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 49 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 49 18 geometric geometric JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 49 19 mean mean NN cord-001528-33f94doo 49 20 titer titer NN cord-001528-33f94doo 49 21 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 49 22 987 987 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 49 23 ; ; : cord-001528-33f94doo 49 24 range range NN cord-001528-33f94doo 49 25 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 49 26 160 160 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 49 27 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 49 28 10,240 10,240 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 49 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 49 30 compared compare VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 49 31 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 49 32 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 49 33 titers titer NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 49 34 generally generally RB cord-001528-33f94doo 49 35 accepted accept VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 49 36 as as IN cord-001528-33f94doo 49 37 protective protective JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 49 38 against against IN cord-001528-33f94doo 49 39 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 49 40 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 49 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 49 42 Ն40 Ն40 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 49 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 49 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 49 45 19 19 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 49 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 49 47 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 49 48 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 49 49 individuals individual NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 49 50 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 49 51 revaccinated revaccinate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 49 52 if if IN cord-001528-33f94doo 49 53 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 49 54 when when WRB cord-001528-33f94doo 49 55 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-001528-33f94doo 49 56 antibody antibody NN cord-001528-33f94doo 49 57 titers titer NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 49 58 decrease decrease VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 49 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 49 60 12 12 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 49 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 49 62 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 50 1 As as IN cord-001528-33f94doo 50 2 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 50 3 consequence consequence NN cord-001528-33f94doo 50 4 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 50 5 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 50 6 monitoring monitoring NN cord-001528-33f94doo 50 7 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 50 8 equipment equipment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 50 9 both both CC cord-001528-33f94doo 50 10 electronically electronically RB cord-001528-33f94doo 50 11 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 50 12 by by IN cord-001528-33f94doo 50 13 visual visual JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 50 14 inspection inspection NN cord-001528-33f94doo 50 15 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 50 16 potential potential JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 50 17 exposures exposure NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 50 18 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 50 19 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 50 20 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 50 21 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 50 22 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 50 23 go go VB cord-001528-33f94doo 50 24 unnoticed unnoticed JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 50 25 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 51 1 Upon upon IN cord-001528-33f94doo 51 2 any any DT cord-001528-33f94doo 51 3 potential potential JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 51 4 exposures exposure NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 51 5 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 51 6 personnel personnel NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 51 7 receive receive VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 51 8 oseltamivir oseltamivir NN cord-001528-33f94doo 51 9 treatment treatment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 51 10 upon upon IN cord-001528-33f94doo 51 11 consultation consultation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 51 12 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 51 13 various various JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 51 14 specialists specialist NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 51 15 as as IN cord-001528-33f94doo 51 16 indicated indicate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 51 17 above above RB cord-001528-33f94doo 51 18 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 52 1 Such such JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 52 2 early early JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 52 3 treatment treatment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 52 4 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 52 5 drugs drug NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 52 6 has have VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 52 7 been be VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 52 8 reported report VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 52 9 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 52 10 have~80 have~80 VB cord-001528-33f94doo 52 11 % % NN cord-001528-33f94doo 52 12 efficacy efficacy NN cord-001528-33f94doo 52 13 against against IN cord-001528-33f94doo 52 14 human human JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 52 15 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 52 16 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 52 17 infection infection NN cord-001528-33f94doo 52 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 52 19 20 20 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 52 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 52 21 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 52 22 avian avian JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 52 23 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 52 24 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 52 25 infection infection NN cord-001528-33f94doo 52 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 52 27 21 21 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 52 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 52 29 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 53 1 Here here RB cord-001528-33f94doo 53 2 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 53 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 53 4 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 53 5 important important JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 53 6 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 53 7 note note VB cord-001528-33f94doo 53 8 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 53 9 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 53 10 under under IN cord-001528-33f94doo 53 11 study study NN cord-001528-33f94doo 53 12 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 53 13 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 53 14 Erasmus Erasmus NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 53 15 MC MC NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 53 16 facility facility NN cord-001528-33f94doo 53 17 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 53 18 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 53 19 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 53 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-001528-33f94doo 53 21 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-001528-33f94doo 53 22 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 53 23 oseltamivir oseltamivir FW cord-001528-33f94doo 53 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 53 25 12 12 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 53 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 53 27 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 54 1 The the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 54 2 immediate immediate JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 54 3 treatment treatment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 4 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 5 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 6 personnel personnel NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 54 7 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 8 oseltamivir oseltamivir NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 54 9 upon upon IN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 10 any any DT cord-001528-33f94doo 54 11 potential potential JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 54 12 exposure exposure NN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 13 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 14 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 15 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 54 16 thus thus RB cord-001528-33f94doo 54 17 expected expect VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 18 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 54 19 reduce reduce VB cord-001528-33f94doo 54 20 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 54 21 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 22 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 23 LAI LAI NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 54 24 further further RB cord-001528-33f94doo 54 25 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 54 26 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 27 below below IN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 28 0.2 0.2 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 54 29 ϫ ϫ CD cord-001528-33f94doo 54 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 54 31 5 5 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 54 32 ϫ ϫ CD cord-001528-33f94doo 54 33 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 54 34 Ϫ7 Ϫ7 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 54 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 54 36 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 54 37 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 54 38 Ͻ1ϫ ͻ1ϫ CD cord-001528-33f94doo 54 39 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 54 40 Ϫ ϫ NN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 41 7 7 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 54 42 per per IN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 43 person person NN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 44 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 54 45 year year NN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 46 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 54 47 given give VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 48 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 54 49 average average JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 54 50 80 80 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 54 51 % % NN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 52 efficacy efficacy NN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 53 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 54 preventing prevent VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 54 55 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 56 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 54 57 confirmed confirm VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 58 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 54 59 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 55 1 From from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 55 2 this this DT cord-001528-33f94doo 55 3 analysis analysis NN cord-001528-33f94doo 55 4 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 55 5 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 55 6 conservative conservative JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 55 7 estimate estimate NN cord-001528-33f94doo 55 8 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 55 9 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 55 10 when when WRB cord-001528-33f94doo 55 11 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 55 12 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 55 13 performed perform VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 55 14 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 55 15 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 55 16 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 55 17 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 55 18 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 55 19 via via IN cord-001528-33f94doo 55 20 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 55 21 droplets droplet NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 55 22 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 55 23 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 55 24 between between IN cord-001528-33f94doo 55 25 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 55 26 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 55 27 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 55 28 Erasmus Erasmus NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 55 29 MC MC NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 55 30 facility facility NN cord-001528-33f94doo 55 31 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 55 32 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 55 33 which which WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 55 34 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 55 35 persons person NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 55 36 have have VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 55 37 access access NN cord-001528-33f94doo 55 38 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 55 39 1 1 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 55 40 LAI LAI NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 55 41 would would MD cord-001528-33f94doo 55 42 be be VB cord-001528-33f94doo 55 43 expected expect VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 55 44 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 55 45 occur occur VB cord-001528-33f94doo 55 46 less less RBR cord-001528-33f94doo 55 47 frequently frequently RB cord-001528-33f94doo 55 48 than than IN cord-001528-33f94doo 55 49 once once RB cord-001528-33f94doo 55 50 every every DT cord-001528-33f94doo 55 51 1 1 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 55 52 million million CD cord-001528-33f94doo 55 53 years year NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 55 54 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 56 1 The the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 56 2 second second JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 56 3 factor factor NN cord-001528-33f94doo 56 4 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 56 5 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 56 6 equation equation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 56 7 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 56 8 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 56 9 previous previous JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 56 10 risk risk NN cord-001528-33f94doo 56 11 assessments assessment NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 56 12 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 56 13 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 56 14 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 56 15 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 56 16 onward onward JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 56 17 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 56 18 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 56 19 each each DT cord-001528-33f94doo 56 20 case case NN cord-001528-33f94doo 56 21 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 56 22 LAI LAI NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 56 23 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 57 1 Previous previous JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 57 2 studies study NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 57 3 used use VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 57 4 5 5 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 57 5 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 57 6 60 60 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 57 7 % % NN cord-001528-33f94doo 57 8 as as IN cord-001528-33f94doo 57 9 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 57 10 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 57 11 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 57 12 onward onward JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 57 13 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 57 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 57 15 1 1 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 57 16 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 57 17 2 2 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 57 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 57 19 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 57 20 which which WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 57 21 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 57 22 based base VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 57 23 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 57 24 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 57 25 unlimited unlimited JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 57 26 spread spread NN cord-001528-33f94doo 57 27 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 57 28 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 57 29 pandemic pandemic NN cord-001528-33f94doo 57 30 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 57 31 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 57 32 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 57 33 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 57 34 general general JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 57 35 population population NN cord-001528-33f94doo 57 36 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 58 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 58 2 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 58 3 important important JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 58 4 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 58 5 note note VB cord-001528-33f94doo 58 6 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 58 7 onward onward JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 58 8 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 58 9 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 58 10 LAIs lai NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 58 11 has have VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 58 12 so so RB cord-001528-33f94doo 58 13 far far RB cord-001528-33f94doo 58 14 been be VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 58 15 uncommon uncommon JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 58 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 58 17 7 7 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 58 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 58 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 58 20 8) 8) NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 58 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 58 22 9 9 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 58 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 58 24 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 59 1 In in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 2 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 59 3 case case NN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 4 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 5 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 6 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 7 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 8 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 9 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 10 via via IN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 11 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 59 12 droplets droplet NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 59 13 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 59 14 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 59 15 between between IN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 16 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 59 17 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 59 18 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 59 19 substantial substantial JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 59 20 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 59 21 scientifically scientifically RB cord-001528-33f94doo 59 22 justified justify VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 23 reduction reduction NN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 24 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 25 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 59 26 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 27 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 28 0.05 0.05 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 59 29 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 30 0.6 0.6 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 59 31 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 32 onward onward JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 59 33 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 34 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 35 an an DT cord-001528-33f94doo 59 36 LAI LAI NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 59 37 can can MD cord-001528-33f94doo 59 38 be be VB cord-001528-33f94doo 59 39 made make VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 40 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 59 41 based base VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 42 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 43 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 59 44 above above RB cord-001528-33f94doo 59 45 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 59 46 mentioned mention VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 47 biosafety biosafety NN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 48 measures measure NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 59 49 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 59 50 risk risk NN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 51 mitigation mitigation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 52 strategies strategy NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 59 53 that that WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 59 54 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 59 55 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 56 place place NN cord-001528-33f94doo 59 57 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 59 58 12 12 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 59 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 59 60 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 60 1 The the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 60 2 first first JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 60 3 factor factor NN cord-001528-33f94doo 60 4 that that WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 60 5 needs need VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 60 6 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 60 7 be be VB cord-001528-33f94doo 60 8 considered consider VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 60 9 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 60 10 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 60 11 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 60 12 personnel personnel NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 60 13 that that WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 60 14 acquired acquire VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 60 15 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 60 16 LAI LAI NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 60 17 were be VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 60 18 vaccinated vaccinate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 60 19 against against IN cord-001528-33f94doo 60 20 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 60 21 homologous homologous JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 60 22 A A NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 60 23 / / SYM cord-001528-33f94doo 60 24 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 60 25 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 60 26 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 60 27 treated treat VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 60 28 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 60 29 oseltamivir oseltamivir NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 60 30 upon upon IN cord-001528-33f94doo 60 31 any any DT cord-001528-33f94doo 60 32 incident incident NN cord-001528-33f94doo 60 33 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 60 34 potential potential JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 60 35 exposure exposure NN cord-001528-33f94doo 60 36 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 60 37 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 60 38 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 60 39 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 61 1 Although although IN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 2 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 61 3 vaccination vaccination NN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 4 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 61 5 treatment treatment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 6 may may MD cord-001528-33f94doo 61 7 have have VB cord-001528-33f94doo 61 8 been be VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 9 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 61 10 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 61 11 prevent prevent VB cord-001528-33f94doo 61 12 infection infection NN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 13 altogether altogether RB cord-001528-33f94doo 61 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 61 15 hence hence RB cord-001528-33f94doo 61 16 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 61 17 occurrence occurrence NN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 18 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 19 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 61 20 LAI LAI NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 61 21 at at IN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 22 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 61 23 frequency frequency NN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 24 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 25 less less JJR cord-001528-33f94doo 61 26 than than IN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 27 once once RB cord-001528-33f94doo 61 28 every every DT cord-001528-33f94doo 61 29 1 1 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 61 30 million million CD cord-001528-33f94doo 61 31 years year NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 61 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 61 33 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 61 34 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 61 35 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 36 shedding shed VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 61 37 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 38 H5vaccinated H5vaccinated NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 61 39 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 61 40 oseltamivir oseltamivir NN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 41 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 61 42 treated treat VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 43 individuals individual NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 61 44 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 61 45 likely likely JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 61 46 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 61 47 be be VB cord-001528-33f94doo 61 48 reduced reduce VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 49 substantially substantially RB cord-001528-33f94doo 61 50 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 61 51 compared compare VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 52 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 53 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 61 54 onward onward JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 61 55 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 56 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 57 times time NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 61 58 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 59 spread spread NN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 60 during during IN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 61 an an DT cord-001528-33f94doo 61 62 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 63 pandemic pandemic NN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 64 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 61 65 untreated untreated JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 61 66 immunologically immunologically RB cord-001528-33f94doo 61 67 naive naive JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 61 68 individuals individual NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 61 69 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 62 1 If if IN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 62 3 assume assume VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 62 4 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 62 5 conservative conservative JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 62 6 2-log 2-log CD cord-001528-33f94doo 62 7 reduction reduction NN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 8 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 9 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 10 excretion excretion NN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 11 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 12 immunized immunize VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 13 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 62 14 treated treat VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 15 individuals individual NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 62 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 62 17 20 20 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 62 18 - - SYM cord-001528-33f94doo 62 19 24 24 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 62 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 62 21 compared compare VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 22 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 23 untreated untreated JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 62 24 immunologically immunologically RB cord-001528-33f94doo 62 25 naive naive JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 62 26 individuals individual NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 62 27 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 62 28 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 62 29 range range NN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 30 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 31 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 32 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 33 onward onward JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 62 34 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 35 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 36 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 62 37 case case NN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 38 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 39 LAI LAI NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 62 40 would would MD cord-001528-33f94doo 62 41 be be VB cord-001528-33f94doo 62 42 reduced reduce VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 43 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 44 Ͻ5 Ͻ5 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 62 45 ϫ ϫ NN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 46 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 62 47 Ϫ4 Ϫ4 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 62 48 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 49 6 6 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 62 50 ϫ ϫ CD cord-001528-33f94doo 62 51 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 62 52 Ϫ3 ϫ3 NN cord-001528-33f94doo 62 53 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 63 1 As as IN cord-001528-33f94doo 63 2 an an DT cord-001528-33f94doo 63 3 important important JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 63 4 risk risk NN cord-001528-33f94doo 63 5 mitigation mitigation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 63 6 strategy strategy NN cord-001528-33f94doo 63 7 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 63 8 reduce reduce VB cord-001528-33f94doo 63 9 onward onward JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 63 10 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 63 11 upon upon IN cord-001528-33f94doo 63 12 any any DT cord-001528-33f94doo 63 13 potential potential JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 63 14 LAI LAI NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 63 15 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 63 16 Erasmus Erasmus NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 63 17 MC MC NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 63 18 policy policy NN cord-001528-33f94doo 63 19 dictates dictate VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 63 20 enforcement enforcement NN cord-001528-33f94doo 63 21 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 63 22 quarantine quarantine NN cord-001528-33f94doo 63 23 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 63 24 any any DT cord-001528-33f94doo 63 25 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 63 26 personnel personnel NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 63 27 that that WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 63 28 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 63 29 potentially potentially RB cord-001528-33f94doo 63 30 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 63 31 exposed expose VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 63 32 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 64 1 This this DT cord-001528-33f94doo 64 2 policy policy NN cord-001528-33f94doo 64 3 would would MD cord-001528-33f94doo 64 4 reduce reduce VB cord-001528-33f94doo 64 5 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 64 6 exposure exposure NN cord-001528-33f94doo 64 7 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 64 8 nonlaboratory nonlaboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 64 9 personnel personnel NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 64 10 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 64 11 one one CD cord-001528-33f94doo 64 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 64 13 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 64 14 partner partner NN cord-001528-33f94doo 64 15 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 64 16 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 64 17 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 64 18 worker worker NN cord-001528-33f94doo 64 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 64 20 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 64 21 nil nil NN cord-001528-33f94doo 64 22 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 64 23 rather rather RB cord-001528-33f94doo 64 24 than than IN cord-001528-33f94doo 64 25 the~100 the~100 JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 64 26 contacts contact NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 65 1 human human JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 65 2 adults adult NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 65 3 would would MD cord-001528-33f94doo 65 4 ordinarily ordinarily RB cord-001528-33f94doo 65 5 have have VB cord-001528-33f94doo 65 6 during during IN cord-001528-33f94doo 65 7 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 65 8 5-day 5-day JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 65 9 time time NN cord-001528-33f94doo 65 10 frame frame NN cord-001528-33f94doo 65 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 65 12 25 25 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 65 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 65 14 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 66 1 As as IN cord-001528-33f94doo 66 2 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 66 3 consequence consequence NN cord-001528-33f94doo 66 4 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 66 5 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 66 6 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 66 7 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 66 8 can can MD cord-001528-33f94doo 66 9 be be VB cord-001528-33f94doo 66 10 further further RB cord-001528-33f94doo 66 11 reduced~100-fold reduced~100-fold JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 66 12 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 66 13 yielding yield VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 66 14 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 66 15 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 66 16 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 66 17 onward onward JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 66 18 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 66 19 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 66 20 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 66 21 case case NN cord-001528-33f94doo 66 22 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 66 23 LAI LAI NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 66 24 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 66 25 Ͻ5 Ͻ5 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 66 26 ϫ ϫ NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 66 27 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 66 28 Ϫ6 Ϫ6 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 66 29 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 66 30 6 6 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 66 31 ϫ ϫ CD cord-001528-33f94doo 66 32 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 66 33 Ϫ5 Ϫ5 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 66 34 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 67 1 A a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 67 2 final final JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 67 3 factor factor NN cord-001528-33f94doo 67 4 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 67 5 consider consider VB cord-001528-33f94doo 67 6 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 67 7 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 67 8 calculation calculation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 67 9 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 67 10 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 67 11 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 67 12 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 67 13 onward onward JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 67 14 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 67 15 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 67 16 each each DT cord-001528-33f94doo 67 17 case case NN cord-001528-33f94doo 67 18 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 67 19 LAI LAI NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 67 20 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 67 21 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 67 22 basic basic JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 67 23 reproduction reproduction NN cord-001528-33f94doo 67 24 number number NN cord-001528-33f94doo 67 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 67 26 R0 R0 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 67 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 67 28 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 67 29 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 67 30 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 67 31 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 67 32 under under IN cord-001528-33f94doo 67 33 investigation investigation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 67 34 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 68 1 As as IN cord-001528-33f94doo 68 2 indicated indicate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 68 3 above above RB cord-001528-33f94doo 68 4 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 68 5 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 68 6 previous previous JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 68 7 risk risk NN cord-001528-33f94doo 68 8 assessments assessment NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 68 9 were be VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 68 10 based base VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 68 11 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 68 12 R0 R0 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 68 13 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 68 14 pandemic pandemic NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 68 15 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 68 16 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 68 17 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 69 1 However however RB cord-001528-33f94doo 69 2 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 69 3 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 69 4 experiments experiment NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 69 5 have have VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 69 6 shown show VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 69 7 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 69 8 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 69 9 efficiency efficiency NN cord-001528-33f94doo 69 10 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 69 11 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 69 12 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 69 13 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 69 14 laboratoryderived laboratoryderived JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 69 15 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 69 16 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 69 17 was be VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 69 18 lower low JJR cord-001528-33f94doo 69 19 than than IN cord-001528-33f94doo 69 20 that that DT cord-001528-33f94doo 69 21 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 69 22 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 69 23 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 69 24 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 69 25 pandemic pandemic NN cord-001528-33f94doo 69 26 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 69 27 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 69 28 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 69 29 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 69 30 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 69 31 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 69 32 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 69 33 as as IN cord-001528-33f94doo 69 34 could could MD cord-001528-33f94doo 69 35 be be VB cord-001528-33f94doo 69 36 Letter Letter NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 69 37 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 69 38 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 69 39 Editor Editor NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 69 40 expected expect VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 69 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 69 42 12 12 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 69 43 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 69 44 16 16 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 69 45 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 69 46 26 26 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 69 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 69 48 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 70 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-001528-33f94doo 70 2 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 70 3 given give VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 4 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 5 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 70 6 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 70 7 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 70 8 ferret ferret NN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 9 adapted adapt VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 10 rather rather RB cord-001528-33f94doo 70 11 than than IN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 12 human human NN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 13 adapted adapt VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 14 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 70 15 even even RB cord-001528-33f94doo 70 16 an an DT cord-001528-33f94doo 70 17 extremely extremely RB cord-001528-33f94doo 70 18 conservative conservative JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 70 19 adjustment adjustment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 20 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 21 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 70 22 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 23 parameter parameter NN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 24 by by IN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 25 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 70 26 factor factor NN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 27 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 28 2 2 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 70 29 would would MD cord-001528-33f94doo 70 30 yield yield VB cord-001528-33f94doo 70 31 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 70 32 " " `` cord-001528-33f94doo 70 33 final final JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 70 34 " " '' cord-001528-33f94doo 70 35 estimation estimation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 36 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 37 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 70 38 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 39 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 40 onward onward JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 70 41 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 42 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 43 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 70 44 case case NN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 45 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 46 LAI LAI NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 70 47 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 48 Ͻ2.5 Ͻ2.5 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 70 49 ϫ ϫ NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 70 50 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 70 51 Ϫ6 Ϫ6 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 70 52 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 70 53 3 3 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 70 54 ϫ ϫ CD cord-001528-33f94doo 70 55 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 70 56 Ϫ5 Ϫ5 NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 70 57 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 71 1 Multiplying multiply VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 71 2 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 71 3 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 71 4 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 71 5 occurrence occurrence NN cord-001528-33f94doo 71 6 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 71 7 an an DT cord-001528-33f94doo 71 8 LAI lai NN cord-001528-33f94doo 71 9 by by IN cord-001528-33f94doo 71 10 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 71 11 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 71 12 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 71 13 onward onward JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 71 14 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 71 15 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 71 16 each each DT cord-001528-33f94doo 71 17 case case NN cord-001528-33f94doo 71 18 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 71 19 LAI LAI NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 71 20 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 71 21 one one PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 71 22 can can MD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 23 estimate estimate VB cord-001528-33f94doo 71 24 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 71 25 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 71 26 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 71 27 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 71 28 an an DT cord-001528-33f94doo 71 29 LAI LAI NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 71 30 resulting result VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 71 31 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 71 32 onward onward JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 71 33 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 71 34 would would MD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 35 range range VB cord-001528-33f94doo 71 36 between between IN cord-001528-33f94doo 71 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 71 38 1 1 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 39 ϫ ϫ CD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 40 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 41 Ϫ7 Ϫ7 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 71 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 71 43 ϫ ϫ NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 71 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 71 45 2.5 2.5 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 46 ϫ ϫ CD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 47 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 48 Ϫ6 Ϫ6 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 71 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 71 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 71 51 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 71 52 2.5 2.5 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 53 ϫ ϫ CD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 54 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 55 Ϫ13 Ϫ13 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 71 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 71 57 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 71 58 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 71 59 1 1 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 60 ϫ ϫ CD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 61 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 62 Ϫ7 Ϫ7 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 71 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 71 64 ϫ ϫ NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 71 65 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 71 66 3 3 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 67 ϫ ϫ CD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 68 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 69 Ϫ5 Ϫ5 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 71 70 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 71 71 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 71 72 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 71 73 3 3 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 74 ϫ ϫ CD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 75 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 71 76 Ϫ12 Ϫ12 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 71 77 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 71 78 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 72 1 From from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 2 this this DT cord-001528-33f94doo 72 3 analysis analysis NN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 4 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 72 5 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 72 6 estimate estimate NN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 7 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 72 8 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 9 when when WRB cord-001528-33f94doo 72 10 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 11 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 72 12 performed perform VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 13 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 14 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 15 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 16 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 17 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 72 18 via via IN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 19 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 72 20 droplets droplet NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 72 21 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 72 22 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 72 23 between between IN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 24 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 72 25 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 26 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 72 27 Erasmus Erasmus NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 72 28 MC MC NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 72 29 facility facility NN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 30 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 72 31 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 32 which which WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 72 33 10 10 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 72 34 persons person NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 72 35 have have VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 72 36 access access NN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 37 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 72 38 1 1 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 72 39 LAI LAI NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 72 40 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 41 onward onward JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 72 42 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 43 would would MD cord-001528-33f94doo 72 44 be be VB cord-001528-33f94doo 72 45 expected expect VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 46 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 72 47 occur occur VB cord-001528-33f94doo 72 48 far far RB cord-001528-33f94doo 72 49 less less RBR cord-001528-33f94doo 72 50 frequently frequently RB cord-001528-33f94doo 72 51 than than IN cord-001528-33f94doo 72 52 once once RB cord-001528-33f94doo 72 53 every every DT cord-001528-33f94doo 72 54 33 33 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 72 55 billion billion CD cord-001528-33f94doo 72 56 years year NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 72 57 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 73 1 This this DT cord-001528-33f94doo 73 2 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 73 3 could could MD cord-001528-33f94doo 73 4 be be VB cord-001528-33f94doo 73 5 assigned assign VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 73 6 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 73 7 term term NN cord-001528-33f94doo 73 8 " " `` cord-001528-33f94doo 73 9 negligible negligible JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 73 10 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 73 11 " " '' cord-001528-33f94doo 73 12 given give VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 73 13 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 73 14 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 73 15 age age NN cord-001528-33f94doo 73 16 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 73 17 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-001528-33f94doo 73 18 planet planet NN cord-001528-33f94doo 73 19 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 73 20 only only RB cord-001528-33f94doo 73 21 5 5 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 73 22 billion billion CD cord-001528-33f94doo 73 23 years year NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 73 24 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 74 1 In in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 2 previous previous JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 74 3 work work NN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 74 5 1 1 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 74 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 74 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 74 8 2 2 LS cord-001528-33f94doo 74 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 74 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 74 11 3 3 LS cord-001528-33f94doo 74 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 74 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 74 14 4 4 LS cord-001528-33f94doo 74 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 74 16 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 74 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 74 18 was be VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 74 19 assumed assume VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 20 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 21 if if IN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 22 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 74 23 ferret ferret NN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 24 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 74 25 adapted adapt VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 26 avian avian JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 74 27 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 28 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 29 caused cause VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 74 30 an an DT cord-001528-33f94doo 74 31 LAI LAI NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 74 32 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 74 33 onward onward JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 74 34 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 35 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 74 36 it -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 74 37 could could MD cord-001528-33f94doo 74 38 cause cause VB cord-001528-33f94doo 74 39 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 74 40 pandemic pandemic NN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 41 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 42 an an DT cord-001528-33f94doo 74 43 attack attack NN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 44 rate rate NN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 45 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 46 24 24 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 74 47 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 74 48 38 38 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 74 49 % % NN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 50 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 74 51 as as IN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 52 deduced deduce VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 53 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 54 previous previous JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 74 55 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 74 56 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 74 57 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 74 58 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 74 59 case case NN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 60 fatality fatality NN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 61 rate rate NN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 62 ranging range VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 74 63 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 64 1 1 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 74 65 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 74 66 60 60 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 74 67 % % NN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 68 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 69 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 74 70 population population NN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 71 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 72 7 7 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 74 73 billion billion CD cord-001528-33f94doo 74 74 people people NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 74 75 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 74 76 thus thus RB cord-001528-33f94doo 74 77 leading lead VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 74 78 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 79 millions million NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 74 80 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 81 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 74 82 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 74 83 more more JJR cord-001528-33f94doo 74 84 than than IN cord-001528-33f94doo 74 85 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 74 86 billion billion CD cord-001528-33f94doo 74 87 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 74 88 fatalities fatality NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 74 89 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 75 1 However however RB cord-001528-33f94doo 75 2 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 75 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 75 4 consider consider VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 75 5 an an DT cord-001528-33f94doo 75 6 attack attack NN cord-001528-33f94doo 75 7 rate rate NN cord-001528-33f94doo 75 8 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 75 9 case case NN cord-001528-33f94doo 75 10 fatality fatality NN cord-001528-33f94doo 75 11 rate rate NN cord-001528-33f94doo 75 12 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 75 13 this this DT cord-001528-33f94doo 75 14 magnitude magnitude NN cord-001528-33f94doo 75 15 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 75 16 be be VB cord-001528-33f94doo 75 17 unrealistic unrealistic JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 75 18 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 76 1 Given give VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 76 2 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 76 3 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 76 4 avian avian JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 76 5 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 76 6 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 76 7 under under IN cord-001528-33f94doo 76 8 investigation investigation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 76 9 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 76 10 ferret ferret NN cord-001528-33f94doo 76 11 adapted adapt VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 76 12 rather rather RB cord-001528-33f94doo 76 13 than than IN cord-001528-33f94doo 76 14 human human NN cord-001528-33f94doo 76 15 adapted adapt VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 76 16 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 76 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 76 18 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 76 19 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 76 20 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 76 21 these these DT cord-001528-33f94doo 76 22 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 76 23 would would MD cord-001528-33f94doo 76 24 spread spread VB cord-001528-33f94doo 76 25 as as RB cord-001528-33f94doo 76 26 efficiently efficiently RB cord-001528-33f94doo 76 27 between between IN cord-001528-33f94doo 76 28 humans human NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 76 29 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 77 1 Of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 2 note note NN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 3 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 77 4 this this DT cord-001528-33f94doo 77 5 does do VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 77 6 not not RB cord-001528-33f94doo 77 7 mean mean VB cord-001528-33f94doo 77 8 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 9 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 77 10 ferret ferret NN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 11 model model NN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 12 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 77 13 therefore therefore RB cord-001528-33f94doo 77 14 useless useless JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 77 15 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 16 studies study NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 77 17 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 77 18 increase increase VB cord-001528-33f94doo 77 19 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-001528-33f94doo 77 20 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 77 21 knowledge knowledge NN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 22 about about IN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 23 airborne airborne JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 77 24 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 25 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 26 ; ; : cord-001528-33f94doo 77 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 77 28 simply simply RB cord-001528-33f94doo 77 29 means mean VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 77 30 that that DT cord-001528-33f94doo 77 31 - - : cord-001528-33f94doo 77 32 just just RB cord-001528-33f94doo 77 33 like like IN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 34 when when WRB cord-001528-33f94doo 77 35 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 77 36 mouse mouse NN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 37 model model NN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 38 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 77 39 used use VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 40 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 77 41 address address VB cord-001528-33f94doo 77 42 fundamentals fundamental NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 77 43 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 44 immunology immunology NN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 45 - - : cord-001528-33f94doo 77 46 we -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 77 47 need need VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 77 48 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 77 49 carefully carefully RB cord-001528-33f94doo 77 50 validate validate VB cord-001528-33f94doo 77 51 any any DT cord-001528-33f94doo 77 52 results result NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 77 53 obtained obtain VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 54 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 55 animals animal NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 77 56 before before IN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 57 extrapolation extrapolation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 58 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 77 59 humans human NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 77 60 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 78 1 Throughout throughout IN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 2 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 78 3 history history NN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 4 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 5 virology virology NN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 6 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 78 7 scientists scientist NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 78 8 have have VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 78 9 adapted adapt VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 10 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 78 11 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 12 cells cell NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 78 13 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 78 14 chicken chicken NN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 15 embryos embryo NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 78 16 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 78 17 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 78 18 animal animal NN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 19 species specie NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 78 20 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 21 order order NN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 22 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 78 23 yield yield VB cord-001528-33f94doo 78 24 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 78 25 that that WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 78 26 have have VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 78 27 increased increase VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 28 replication replication NN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 29 properties property NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 78 30 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 31 these these DT cord-001528-33f94doo 78 32 specific specific JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 78 33 hosts host NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 78 34 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 78 35 cells cell NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 78 36 but but CC cord-001528-33f94doo 78 37 at at IN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 38 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 78 39 same same JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 78 40 time time NN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 41 lose lose VB cord-001528-33f94doo 78 42 replication replication NN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 43 capacity capacity NN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 44 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 78 45 virulence virulence NN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 46 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 78 47 others other NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 78 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 78 49 27 27 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 78 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 78 51 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 79 1 Examples example NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 79 2 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 79 3 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 79 4 passaging passaging NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 5 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 6 vaccinia vaccinia NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 7 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 8 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 9 chicken chicken NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 10 embryo embryo NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 11 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 79 12 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 79 13 yield yield VB cord-001528-33f94doo 79 14 modified modify VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 15 vaccinia vaccinia NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 16 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 17 Ankara Ankara NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 79 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 79 19 MVA MVA NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 79 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 79 21 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 79 22 which which WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 79 23 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 79 24 now now RB cord-001528-33f94doo 79 25 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 26 use use NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 27 as as IN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 28 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 79 29 safe safe JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 79 30 vaccine vaccine NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 31 vector vector NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 79 33 28 28 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 79 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 79 35 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 79 36 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 79 37 passaging passaging NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 38 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 39 measles measle NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 79 40 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 41 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 79 42 mumps mumps NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 43 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 44 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 79 45 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 79 46 rubella rubella NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 47 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 48 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 49 various various JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 79 50 cells cell NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 79 51 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 79 52 yield yield VB cord-001528-33f94doo 79 53 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 79 54 live live RB cord-001528-33f94doo 79 55 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 79 56 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 57 MMR MMR NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 79 58 vaccine vaccine NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 79 60 29 29 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 79 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 79 62 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 79 63 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 79 64 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 79 65 passaging passaging NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 66 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 67 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 68 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 79 69 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 70 mice mouse NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 79 71 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 79 72 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 79 73 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 79 74 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 79 75 eggs egg NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 79 76 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 79 77 yield yield VB cord-001528-33f94doo 79 78 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 79 79 vaccine vaccine NN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 80 strain strain VB cord-001528-33f94doo 79 81 A A NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 79 82 / / SYM cord-001528-33f94doo 79 83 PR/ pr/ JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 79 84 8/34 8/34 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 79 85 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 79 86 30 30 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 79 87 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 79 88 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 79 89 all all DT cord-001528-33f94doo 79 90 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 91 which which WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 79 92 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 79 93 highly highly RB cord-001528-33f94doo 79 94 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 95 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 79 96 humans human NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 79 97 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 80 1 The the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 80 2 higher higher RBR cord-001528-33f94doo 80 3 bound bind VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 80 4 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 80 5 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 80 6 range range NN cord-001528-33f94doo 80 7 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 80 8 case case NN cord-001528-33f94doo 80 9 fatality fatality NN cord-001528-33f94doo 80 10 rates rate NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 80 11 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 80 12 60 60 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 80 13 % % NN cord-001528-33f94doo 80 14 stems stem VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 80 15 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 80 16 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 80 17 number number NN cord-001528-33f94doo 80 18 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 80 19 deaths death NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 80 20 recorded record VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 80 21 among among IN cord-001528-33f94doo 80 22 laboratoryconfirmed laboratoryconfirme VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 80 23 cases case NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 80 24 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 80 25 A A NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 80 26 / / SYM cord-001528-33f94doo 80 27 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 80 28 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 80 29 reported report VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 80 30 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 80 31 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 80 32 WHO WHO NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 80 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 80 34 31 31 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 80 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 80 36 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 81 1 Since since IN cord-001528-33f94doo 81 2 mild mild JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 81 3 cases case NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 81 4 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 81 5 infection infection NN cord-001528-33f94doo 81 6 - - : cord-001528-33f94doo 81 7 those those DT cord-001528-33f94doo 81 8 individuals individual NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 81 9 that that WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 81 10 do do VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 81 11 not not RB cord-001528-33f94doo 81 12 consult consult VB cord-001528-33f94doo 81 13 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 81 14 physician physician NN cord-001528-33f94doo 81 15 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 81 16 remain remain VB cord-001528-33f94doo 81 17 untested untested JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 81 18 - - : cord-001528-33f94doo 81 19 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 81 20 not not RB cord-001528-33f94doo 81 21 recorded record VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 81 22 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 81 23 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 81 24 true true JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 81 25 case case NN cord-001528-33f94doo 81 26 fatality fatality NN cord-001528-33f94doo 81 27 rate rate NN cord-001528-33f94doo 81 28 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 81 29 A A NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 81 30 / / SYM cord-001528-33f94doo 81 31 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 81 32 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 81 33 infections infection NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 81 34 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 81 35 humans human NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 81 36 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 81 37 unknown unknown JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 81 38 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 82 1 Due due IN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 2 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 3 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 82 4 difficulties difficulty NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 82 5 associated associate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 6 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 7 serology serology NN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 8 data datum NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 82 9 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 82 10 estimate estimate VB cord-001528-33f94doo 82 11 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 82 12 numbers number NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 82 13 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 14 previously previously RB cord-001528-33f94doo 82 15 infected infect VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 16 individuals individual NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 82 17 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 82 18 there there EX cord-001528-33f94doo 82 19 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 82 20 no no DT cord-001528-33f94doo 82 21 consensus consensus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 22 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 23 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 82 24 incidence incidence NN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 25 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 26 A A NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 82 27 / / SYM cord-001528-33f94doo 82 28 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 82 29 infections infection NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 82 30 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 31 Southeast Southeast NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 82 32 Asia Asia NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 82 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 82 34 32 32 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 82 35 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 82 36 33 33 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 82 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 82 38 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 82 39 but but CC cord-001528-33f94doo 82 40 case case NN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 41 fatality fatality NN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 42 rates rate NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 82 43 orders order NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 82 44 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 45 magnitude magnitude NN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 46 lower low JJR cord-001528-33f94doo 82 47 than than IN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 48 60 60 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 82 49 % % NN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 50 have have VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 82 51 been be VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 52 inferred infer VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 82 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 82 54 27 27 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 82 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 82 56 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 83 1 In in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 83 2 addition addition NN cord-001528-33f94doo 83 3 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 83 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 83 5 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 83 6 important important JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 83 7 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 83 8 note note VB cord-001528-33f94doo 83 9 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 83 10 fatalities fatality NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 83 11 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 83 12 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 83 13 infected infect VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 83 14 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 83 15 A A NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 83 16 / / SYM cord-001528-33f94doo 83 17 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 83 18 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 83 19 via via IN cord-001528-33f94doo 83 20 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 83 21 droplets droplet NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 83 22 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 83 23 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 83 24 have have VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 83 25 not not RB cord-001528-33f94doo 83 26 occurred occur VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 83 27 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 83 28 contrary contrary JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 83 29 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 83 30 when when WRB cord-001528-33f94doo 83 31 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 83 32 received receive VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 83 33 large large JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 83 34 dosages dosage NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 83 35 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 83 36 A A NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 83 37 / / SYM cord-001528-33f94doo 83 38 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 83 39 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 83 40 directly directly RB cord-001528-33f94doo 83 41 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 83 42 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 83 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 83 44 lower low JJR cord-001528-33f94doo 83 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 83 46 airways airways NNPS cord-001528-33f94doo 83 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 83 48 12 12 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 83 49 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 83 50 13 13 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 83 51 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 83 52 16 16 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 83 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 83 54 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 84 1 On on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 2 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 84 3 topic topic NN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 4 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 5 intentional intentional JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 84 6 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 84 7 accidental accidental JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 84 8 releases release NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 84 9 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 10 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 84 11 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 12 laboratories laboratory NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 84 13 involved involve VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 14 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 15 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 16 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 17 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 18 studies study NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 84 19 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 84 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 84 21 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 84 22 important important JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 84 23 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 84 24 note note VB cord-001528-33f94doo 84 25 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 26 during during IN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 27 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 84 28 decade decade NN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 29 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 30 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 31 studies study NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 84 32 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 33 pandemic pandemic NN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 34 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 84 35 epidemic epidemic NN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 36 strains strain NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 84 37 derived derive VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 38 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 39 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 84 40 1918 1918 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 84 41 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 84 42 1957 1957 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 84 43 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 84 44 1968 1968 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 84 45 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 84 46 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 84 47 2009 2009 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 84 48 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 84 49 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 84 50 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 51 various various JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 84 52 wild wild JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 84 53 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 84 54 type type NN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 55 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 84 56 laboratoryadapted laboratoryadapte VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 57 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 84 58 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 84 59 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 60 subtypes subtype NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 84 61 H1 h1 NN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 62 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 84 63 H2 H2 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 84 64 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 84 65 H5 H5 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 84 66 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 84 67 H7 H7 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 84 68 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 84 69 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 84 70 H9 H9 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 84 71 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 84 72 summarized summarize VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 73 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 74 reference reference NN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 75 16 16 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 84 76 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 84 77 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 84 78 no no DT cord-001528-33f94doo 84 79 LAIs lai NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 84 80 have have VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 84 81 been be VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 82 recorded record VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 84 83 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 85 1 There there EX cord-001528-33f94doo 85 2 have have VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 85 3 also also RB cord-001528-33f94doo 85 4 been be VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 85 5 no no DT cord-001528-33f94doo 85 6 recorded record VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 85 7 intentional intentional JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 85 8 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 85 9 accidental accidental JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 85 10 releases release NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 85 11 during during IN cord-001528-33f94doo 85 12 more more JJR cord-001528-33f94doo 85 13 than than IN cord-001528-33f94doo 85 14 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 85 15 century century NN cord-001528-33f94doo 85 16 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 85 17 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 85 18 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 85 19 human human JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 85 20 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 85 21 animal animal NN cord-001528-33f94doo 85 22 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 85 23 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 85 24 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 85 25 including include VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 85 26 highly highly RB cord-001528-33f94doo 85 27 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 85 28 avian avian JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 85 29 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 85 30 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 85 31 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 85 32 even even RB cord-001528-33f94doo 85 33 at at IN cord-001528-33f94doo 85 34 times time NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 85 35 when when WRB cord-001528-33f94doo 85 36 biocontainment biocontainment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 85 37 measures measure NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 85 38 were be VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 85 39 largely largely RB cord-001528-33f94doo 85 40 nonexistent nonexistent JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 85 41 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 86 1 Some some DT cord-001528-33f94doo 86 2 have have VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 86 3 argued argue VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 86 4 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 86 5 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 86 6 1977 1977 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 86 7 Russian russian JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 86 8 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 86 9 epidemic epidemic NN cord-001528-33f94doo 86 10 was be VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 86 11 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 86 12 result result NN cord-001528-33f94doo 86 13 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 86 14 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 86 15 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 86 16 accident accident NN cord-001528-33f94doo 86 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 86 18 2 2 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 86 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 86 20 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 86 21 but but CC cord-001528-33f94doo 86 22 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 86 23 1977 1977 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 86 24 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 86 25 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 86 26 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 86 27 was be VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 86 28 done do VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 86 29 under under IN cord-001528-33f94doo 86 30 conditions condition NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 86 31 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 86 32 limited limited JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 86 33 biocontainment biocontainment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 86 34 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 86 35 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 86 36 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 86 37 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 86 38 wild wild JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 86 39 type type NN cord-001528-33f94doo 86 40 strains strain NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 86 41 were be VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 86 42 tested test VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 86 43 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 86 44 humans human NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 86 45 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 87 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 87 2 do do VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 87 3 not not RB cord-001528-33f94doo 87 4 know know VB cord-001528-33f94doo 87 5 what what WP cord-001528-33f94doo 87 6 happened happen VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 87 7 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 87 8 1977 1977 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 87 9 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 87 10 but but CC cord-001528-33f94doo 87 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 87 12 can can MD cord-001528-33f94doo 87 13 not not RB cord-001528-33f94doo 87 14 conclude conclude VB cord-001528-33f94doo 87 15 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 87 16 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 87 17 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 87 18 escaped escape VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 87 19 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 87 20 BSL3(ϩ BSL3(ϩ NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 87 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 87 22 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 87 23 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 88 1 Since since IN cord-001528-33f94doo 88 2 natural natural JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 88 3 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 88 4 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 88 5 have have VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 88 6 occurred occur VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 88 7 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 88 8 average average JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 88 9 every every DT cord-001528-33f94doo 88 10 30 30 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 88 11 years year NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 88 12 over over IN cord-001528-33f94doo 88 13 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 88 14 last last JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 88 15 century century NN cord-001528-33f94doo 88 16 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 88 17 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 88 18 probability probability NN cord-001528-33f94doo 88 19 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 88 20 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 88 21 next next JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 88 22 pandemic pandemic NN cord-001528-33f94doo 88 23 will will MD cord-001528-33f94doo 88 24 emerge emerge VB cord-001528-33f94doo 88 25 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 88 26 nature nature NN cord-001528-33f94doo 88 27 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 88 28 orders order NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 88 29 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 88 30 magnitude magnitude NN cord-001528-33f94doo 88 31 larger large JJR cord-001528-33f94doo 88 32 than than IN cord-001528-33f94doo 88 33 emergence emergence NN cord-001528-33f94doo 88 34 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 88 35 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 88 36 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 88 37 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 89 1 Given give VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 2 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 89 3 recently recently RB cord-001528-33f94doo 89 4 summarized summarize VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 5 immediate immediate JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 89 6 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 89 7 short short JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 89 8 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 89 9 term term NN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 10 benefits benefit NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 89 11 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 12 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 13 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 14 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 15 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 89 16 that that WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 89 17 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 89 18 transmitted transmit VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 19 via via IN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 20 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 89 21 droplets droplet NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 89 22 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 89 23 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 89 24 between between IN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 25 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 89 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 89 27 5 5 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 89 28 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 89 29 6 6 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 89 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 89 31 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 89 32 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 89 33 longer long JJR cord-001528-33f94doo 89 34 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 89 35 term term NN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 36 aims aim VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 89 37 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 89 38 fully fully RB cord-001528-33f94doo 89 39 understand understand VB cord-001528-33f94doo 89 40 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 89 41 predict predict VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 89 42 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 89 43 prevent prevent VB cord-001528-33f94doo 89 44 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 89 45 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 89 46 combined combine VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 47 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 48 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 89 49 extremely extremely RB cord-001528-33f94doo 89 50 low low JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 89 51 risk risk NN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 52 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 53 humans human NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 89 54 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 89 55 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 89 56 environment environment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 57 associated associate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 58 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 59 properly properly RB cord-001528-33f94doo 89 60 conducted conduct VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 89 61 experiments experiment NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 90 1 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 90 2 I -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 90 3 conclude conclude VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 90 4 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 90 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 90 6 is be VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 90 7 sensible sensible JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 90 8 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 90 9 acceptable acceptable JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 90 10 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 90 11 restart restart VB cord-001528-33f94doo 90 12 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 90 13 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 90 14 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 90 15 provided provide VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 90 16 that that IN cord-001528-33f94doo 90 17 any any DT cord-001528-33f94doo 90 18 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 90 19 participating participate VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 90 20 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 90 21 this this DT cord-001528-33f94doo 90 22 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 90 23 adopt adopt VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 90 24 biosafety biosafety NN cord-001528-33f94doo 90 25 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 90 26 biosecurity biosecurity NN cord-001528-33f94doo 90 27 conditions condition NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 90 28 comparable comparable JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 90 29 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 90 30 those those DT cord-001528-33f94doo 90 31 that that WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 90 32 are be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 90 33 currently currently RB cord-001528-33f94doo 90 34 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 90 35 place place NN cord-001528-33f94doo 90 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 90 37 12 12 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 90 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 90 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 90 40 13 13 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 90 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 90 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 90 43 14 14 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 90 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 90 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 90 46 15 15 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 90 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 90 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 90 49 16 16 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 90 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 90 51 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 91 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 91 2 am be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 91 3 very very RB cord-001528-33f94doo 91 4 grateful grateful JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 91 5 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 91 6 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 91 7 help help NN cord-001528-33f94doo 91 8 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 91 9 friends friend NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 91 10 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 91 11 colleagues colleague NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 91 12 that that WDT cord-001528-33f94doo 91 13 provided provide VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 91 14 valuable valuable JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 91 15 input input NN cord-001528-33f94doo 91 16 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 91 17 support support NN cord-001528-33f94doo 91 18 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 91 19 this this DT cord-001528-33f94doo 91 20 letter letter NN cord-001528-33f94doo 91 21 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 92 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 92 2 am be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 92 3 active active JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 92 4 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 92 5 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 92 6 field field NN cord-001528-33f94doo 92 7 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 92 8 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 92 9 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 92 10 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 92 11 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 92 12 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 92 13 via via IN cord-001528-33f94doo 92 14 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 92 15 droplets droplet NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 92 16 or or CC cord-001528-33f94doo 92 17 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 92 18 between between IN cord-001528-33f94doo 92 19 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 92 20 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 92 21 funded fund VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 92 22 by by IN cord-001528-33f94doo 92 23 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 92 24 European European NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 92 25 Union Union NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 92 26 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 92 27 NIAID NIAID NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 92 28 / / SYM cord-001528-33f94doo 92 29 NIH NIH NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 92 30 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 93 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-001528-33f94doo 93 2 am be VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 93 3 an an DT cord-001528-33f94doo 93 4 inventor inventor NN cord-001528-33f94doo 93 5 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 93 6 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 93 7 patent patent NN cord-001528-33f94doo 93 8 related relate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 93 9 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 93 10 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 93 11 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 93 12 reverse reverse NN cord-001528-33f94doo 93 13 genetics genetic NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 93 14 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 94 1 Moratorium moratorium NN cord-001528-33f94doo 94 2 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 94 3 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 94 4 intended intend VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 94 5 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 94 6 create create VB cord-001528-33f94doo 94 7 novel novel JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 94 8 potential potential JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 94 9 pandemic pandemic NN cord-001528-33f94doo 94 10 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 94 11 Ethical ethical JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 94 12 alternatives alternative NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 94 13 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 94 14 experiments experiment NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 94 15 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 94 16 novel novel JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 94 17 potential potential JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 94 18 pandemic pandemic NN cord-001528-33f94doo 94 19 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 94 20 Containing contain VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 94 21 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 94 22 accidental accidental JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 94 23 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 94 24 escape escape NN cord-001528-33f94doo 94 25 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 94 26 potential potential JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 94 27 pandemic pandemic NN cord-001528-33f94doo 94 28 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 94 29 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 95 1 The the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 95 2 consequences consequence NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 95 3 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 95 4 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 95 5 lab lab NN cord-001528-33f94doo 95 6 escape escape NN cord-001528-33f94doo 95 7 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 95 8 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 95 9 potential potential JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 95 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-001528-33f94doo 95 11 pathogen pathogen NN cord-001528-33f94doo 95 12 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 96 1 Front Front NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 2 Public Public NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 3 Health Health NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 4 2:116 2:116 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 96 5 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 6 gain gain NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 7 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 96 8 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 9 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 96 10 function function NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 11 experiments experiment NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 96 12 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 96 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 14 role role NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 15 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 16 vaccine vaccine NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 17 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 18 recommendation recommendation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 19 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 96 20 pandemic pandemic NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 21 preparedness preparedness NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 22 Use Use NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 23 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 24 highly highly RB cord-001528-33f94doo 96 25 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 26 avian avian JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 27 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 28 A(H5N1 A(H5N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 96 30 gain gain NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 31 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 96 32 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 33 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 96 34 function function NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 35 studies study NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 96 36 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 37 molecularbased molecularbased JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 38 surveillance surveillance NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 39 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 96 40 pandemic pandemic NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 41 preparedness preparedness NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 42 Monitoring monitor VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 96 43 select select JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 44 agent agent NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 45 theft theft NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 46 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 96 47 loss loss NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 48 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 96 49 release release NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 50 reports report NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 96 51 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 52 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 96 53 United United NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 54 States-2004 States-2004 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 55 -2010 -2010 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 56 National National NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 57 bio bio NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 58 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 96 59 agrodefense agrodefense NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 60 facility facility NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 61 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 96 62 final final JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 63 environmental environmental JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 64 impact impact NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 65 statement statement NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 66 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 96 67 appendix appendix NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 68 B. B. NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 69 US US NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 70 Department Department NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 71 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 72 Homeland Homeland NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 73 Security Security NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 74 Evidence Evidence NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 75 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 96 76 based base VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 77 biosafety biosafety NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 78 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 96 79 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 96 80 review review NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 81 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 82 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 96 83 principles principle NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 96 84 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 96 85 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 86 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 87 microbiological microbiological JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 88 containment containment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 89 measures measure NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 96 90 Biorisk Biorisk NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 91 management management NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 92 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 93 biosecurity biosecurity NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 94 guidance guidance NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 95 Challenges challenge NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 96 96 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 96 97 practices practice NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 96 98 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 99 building building NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 100 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 96 101 implementing implement VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 96 102 biosafety biosafety NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 103 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 96 104 biosecurity biosecurity NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 105 programs program NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 96 106 to to TO cord-001528-33f94doo 96 107 enable enable VB cord-001528-33f94doo 96 108 basic basic JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 109 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 96 110 translational translational JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 111 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 112 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 113 select select JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 114 agents agent NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 96 115 Airborne airborne JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 116 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 117 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 118 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 119 A A NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 120 / / SYM cord-001528-33f94doo 96 121 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 122 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 123 between between IN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 124 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 96 125 Experimental experimental JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 126 adaptation adaptation NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 127 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 128 an an DT cord-001528-33f94doo 96 129 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 130 H5 H5 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 131 HA HA NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 132 confers confer VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 133 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 134 droplet droplet NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 135 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 136 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 137 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 96 138 reassortant reassortant JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 139 H5 H5 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 140 HA HA NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 141 / / SYM cord-001528-33f94doo 96 142 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 143 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 144 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 145 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 96 146 Airborne airborne JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 147 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 148 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 149 highly highly RB cord-001528-33f94doo 96 150 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 151 H7N1 H7N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 152 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 153 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 154 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 96 155 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 96 156 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 96 157 hybrid hybrid JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 96 158 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 96 159 bearing bear VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 96 160 2009 2009 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 97 1 / / NFP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 1 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 2 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 3 genes gene NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 98 4 transmit transmit VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 5 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 6 guinea guinea NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 7 pigs pig NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 98 8 by by IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 10 droplet droplet NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 11 Identification identification NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 12 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 98 13 characterization characterization NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 14 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 98 15 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 98 16 natural natural JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 17 selection selection NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 18 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 19 mutations mutation NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 98 20 driving drive VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 98 21 airborne airborne JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 22 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 23 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 24 A A NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 25 / / SYM cord-001528-33f94doo 98 26 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 27 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 28 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 29 government government NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 30 gain gain NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 31 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 98 32 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 33 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 98 34 function function NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 35 deliberative deliberative JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 36 process process NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 37 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 98 38 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 39 funding funding NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 40 pause pause NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 41 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 42 selected select VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 43 gain gain NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 44 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 98 45 offunction offunction NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 46 research research NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 47 involving involve VBG cord-001528-33f94doo 98 48 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 49 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 98 50 MERS MERS NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 51 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 98 52 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 98 53 SARS SARS NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 54 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 98 55 Effectiveness Effectiveness NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 56 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 98 57 harms harm NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 98 58 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 59 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 60 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 98 61 pandemic pandemic NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 62 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 63 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 98 64 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 65 children child NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 98 66 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 98 67 adults adult NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 98 68 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 98 69 elderly elderly JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 70 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 98 71 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 98 72 critical critical JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 73 review review NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 74 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 98 75 re re NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 76 - - NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 77 analysis analysis NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 78 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 79 15 15 CD cord-001528-33f94doo 98 80 metaanalyses metaanalyse NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 98 81 Seasonal Seasonal NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 82 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 83 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 84 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 85 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 98 86 Use Use NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 87 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 88 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 89 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 98 90 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 91 rapid rapid JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 92 containment containment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 93 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 94 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 95 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 98 96 a a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 98 97 systematic systematic JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 98 review review NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 99 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 98 100 meta meta NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 101 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 98 102 analysis analysis NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 103 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 104 individual individual JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 105 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 98 106 household household NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 107 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 108 studies study NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 98 109 Effectiveness Effectiveness NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 110 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 111 personal personal JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 112 protective protective JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 113 equipment equipment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 114 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 98 115 oseltamivir oseltamivir FW cord-001528-33f94doo 98 116 prophylaxis prophylaxis NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 117 during during IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 118 avian avian JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 119 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 120 A a NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 121 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 98 122 H7N7 H7N7 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 123 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 98 124 epidemic epidemic NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 125 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 98 126 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 98 127 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 128 Use Use NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 129 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 130 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 98 131 oral oral JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 132 neuraminidase neuraminidase NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 133 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 134 oseltamivir oseltamivir NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 135 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 136 experimental experimental JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 137 human human JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 138 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 139 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 98 140 randomized randomize VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 141 controlled control VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 142 trials trial NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 98 143 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 144 prevention prevention NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 145 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 98 146 treatment treatment NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 147 Immunization Immunization NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 148 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 149 reverse reverse JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 150 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 98 151 genetics genetics NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 152 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 98 153 produced produce VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 154 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 155 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 156 vaccine vaccine NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 157 protects protect VBZ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 158 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 98 159 against against IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 160 homologous homologous JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 161 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 98 162 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 163 challenge challenge NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 164 Efficacy Efficacy NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 165 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 166 oseltamivir oseltamivir NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 167 therapy therapy NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 168 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 169 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 98 170 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 171 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 172 different different JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 98 173 clades clade NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 98 174 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 175 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 98 176 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 98 177 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 99 1 Measured measure VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 99 2 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 99 3 social social JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 99 4 contact contact NN cord-001528-33f94doo 99 5 patterns pattern NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 99 6 explain explain VBP cord-001528-33f94doo 99 7 the the DT cord-001528-33f94doo 99 8 spread spread NN cord-001528-33f94doo 99 9 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 99 10 H1N1v H1N1v NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 99 11 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 99 12 Limited limited JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 99 13 airborne airborne JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 99 14 transmission transmission NN cord-001528-33f94doo 99 15 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 99 16 H7N9 H7N9 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 99 17 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 99 18 A a DT cord-001528-33f94doo 99 19 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 99 20 between between IN cord-001528-33f94doo 99 21 ferrets ferret NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 99 22 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 99 23 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 99 24 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 99 25 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 99 26 facts fact NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 99 27 , , , cord-001528-33f94doo 99 28 not not RB cord-001528-33f94doo 99 29 fear fear VB cord-001528-33f94doo 100 1 Modified modified JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 100 2 vaccinia vaccinia NN cord-001528-33f94doo 100 3 virus virus NN cord-001528-33f94doo 100 4 Ankara Ankara NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 100 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 100 6 MVA MVA NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 100 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 100 8 as as IN cord-001528-33f94doo 100 9 production production NN cord-001528-33f94doo 100 10 platform platform NN cord-001528-33f94doo 100 11 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 100 12 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 100 13 against against IN cord-001528-33f94doo 100 14 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 100 15 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 100 16 other other JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 100 17 viral viral JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 100 18 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 100 19 diseases disease NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 101 1 Trivalent trivalent NN cord-001528-33f94doo 101 2 combined combine VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 101 3 measles measles NN cord-001528-33f94doo 101 4 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 101 5 mumps mumps NN cord-001528-33f94doo 101 6 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 101 7 rubella rubella NN cord-001528-33f94doo 101 8 vaccine vaccine NN cord-001528-33f94doo 101 9 . . . cord-001528-33f94doo 102 1 Findings finding NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 102 2 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 102 3 clinical clinical JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 102 4 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 102 5 laboratory laboratory NN cord-001528-33f94doo 102 6 studies study NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 102 7 Trials trial NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 102 8 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 102 9 man man NN cord-001528-33f94doo 102 10 with with IN cord-001528-33f94doo 102 11 live live JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 102 12 recombinants recombinant NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 102 13 made make VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 102 14 from from IN cord-001528-33f94doo 102 15 A A NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 102 16 / / SYM cord-001528-33f94doo 102 17 PR/8/34 pr/8/34 NN cord-001528-33f94doo 102 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 102 19 H0 H0 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 102 20 N1 N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 102 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 102 22 and and CC cord-001528-33f94doo 102 23 wild wild JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 102 24 H3 H3 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 102 25 N2 N2 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 102 26 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 102 27 viruses virus NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 103 1 Cumulative cumulative JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 103 2 number number NN cord-001528-33f94doo 103 3 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 103 4 confirmed confirm VBN cord-001528-33f94doo 103 5 human human JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 103 6 cases case NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 103 7 of of IN cord-001528-33f94doo 103 8 avian avian JJ cord-001528-33f94doo 103 9 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 103 10 A(H5N1 A(H5N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 103 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-001528-33f94doo 103 12 reported report VBD cord-001528-33f94doo 103 13 to to IN cord-001528-33f94doo 103 14 WHO WHO NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 103 15 Comment Comment NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 103 16 on on IN cord-001528-33f94doo 103 17 " " `` cord-001528-33f94doo 103 18 Seroevidence Seroevidence NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 103 19 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 103 20 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 103 21 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 103 22 infections infection NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 103 23 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 103 24 humans human NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 103 25 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 103 26 meta meta NN cord-001528-33f94doo 103 27 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 103 28 analysis analysis NN cord-001528-33f94doo 103 29 Seroevidence Seroevidence NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 103 30 for for IN cord-001528-33f94doo 103 31 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 103 32 influenza influenza NN cord-001528-33f94doo 103 33 infections infection NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 103 34 in in IN cord-001528-33f94doo 103 35 humans human NNS cord-001528-33f94doo 103 36 : : : cord-001528-33f94doo 103 37 meta meta NNP cord-001528-33f94doo 103 38 - - HYPH cord-001528-33f94doo 103 39 analysis analysis NN