id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-004469-m2fwefuy	Rivera-Hernandez, Tania	Vaccine-Induced Th1-Type Response Protects against Invasive Group A Streptococcus Infection in the Absence of Opsonizing Antibodies	2020-03-10		.txt	text/plain	5219	267	44	Here, we show that formulation of Combo5 with adjuvants containing saponin QS21 significantly improves protective efficacy, even though all 7 adjuvants tested generated high antigen-specific IgG antibody titers, including alum. Detailed characterization of Combo5 formulated with SMQ adjuvant, a squalene-in-water emulsion containing a TLR4 agonist and QS21, showed significant differences from the results obtained with alum in IgG subclasses generated following immunization, with an absence of GAS opsonizing antibodies. Groups of humanized plasminogen mice were immunized with Combo5 formulated with alum, Advax-2, Advax-4, SWE, LQ, LMQ, or SMQ adjuvant (Table 1) , while negative-control groups were immunized with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) plus the corresponding adjuvant. Both Advax-2 and Advax-4 induced high antigen-specific antibody titers; however, the rate of survival of vaccinated mice was not significantly higher than that seen with the PBS-adjuvant control groups. Combo5/SMQ immunization resulted in strong secretion of IL-6 and IL-10 and of Th1-type cytokines IFN-␥ and TNF-␣, suggesting a potential role for Th1 responses in protection against invasive GAS infection following vaccination.	./cache/cord-004469-m2fwefuy.txt	./txt/cord-004469-m2fwefuy.txt