# pos

id: cord-289520-i6pv90s9
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.who.int/publications-detail/the-first-few-x-(ffx)-cases-and-contact-investigation-protocol-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-infection

lemma:
  https://www.who.int/publications-detail/the-first-few-x-(ffx)-cases-and-contact-investigation-protocol-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-infection


id: cord-289520-i6pv90s9
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/multicenter-adaptive-RCT-of-investigational-therapeutics-for-COVID-19.pdf?ua=1

lemma:
  https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/multicenter-adaptive-RCT-of-investigational-therapeutics-for-COVID-19.pdf?ua=1


# ent

id: cord-270956-qpe5u43q
type: ORG
entity:
  Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Institute for International Programs Department of International Health


id: cord-300022-2wfo6yql
type: GPE
entity:
  Rutshuru Democratic Republic of Congo Directorate of Medical Care Ministry of Public Health Health Human


id: cord-300022-2wfo6yql
type: ORG
entity:
  Ministry of Public Health L National Health Accounts Summary Table Syria Response Plan Lebanon Hospital


id: cord-300022-2wfo6yql
type: ORG
entity:
  Department of Control on Public Hospitals Ministry of Public Health Rafic Hariri University Hospital Utilization


id: cord-300022-2wfo6yql
type: ORG
entity:
  World Health Organization Global Health Data Observatory Repository Global Health Observatory Data Trends


id: cord-300022-2wfo6yql
type: ORG
entity:
  World Health Organization Current Health Event Tuberculosis National Tuberculosis Program Ministry of Public Health Tuberculosis


id: cord-292898-6m97l2uz
type: ORG
entity:
  World Health Organization Reproductive Health Indicators Reproductive Health and Research Guidelines


id: cord-286958-e1ey31eo
type: ORG
entity:
  Notice of the People s Government of Hubei Province on Strengthening the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia Infected


id: cord-288983-a6s9di4g
type: LAW
entity:
  A Special Act for Prevention Relief and Revitalization Measures for Severe Pneumonia with Novel Pathogens


id: cord-298372-4pw1y404
type: ORG
entity:
  ScienceDirect PhD Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees Departement de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses Unite de Bacteriologie 91220


id: cord-339689-pemyxewv
type: ORG
entity:
  Control Geneva World Health Organization Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries Escalation


id: cord-330395-2qoyrqmj
type: ORG
entity:
  Directorate of Health Services Goverment of Bangladesh Directorate of Health Services Goverment of Bangladesh Daily


id: cord-321800-0h28pg3b
type: DISEASE
entity:
  SARS like coronaviruses Close relative of human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in bat SARS


# url

id: cord-289520-i6pv90s9
domain: www.who.int
url:
  http://www.who.int/publications-detail/the-first-few-x-(ffx)-cases-and-contact-investigation-protocol-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-infection


id: cord-289520-i6pv90s9
domain: www.who.int
url:
  http://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/multicenter-adaptive-RCT-of-investigational-therapeutics-for-COVID-19.pdf?ua=1


# bib

id: cord-258812-svw6z4bf
author: Hu, Haifeng
date: 2020-09-04
txt: ./txt/cord-258812-svw6z4bf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-258812-svw6z4bf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110593/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020510
summary:
  Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that venerable age, hypertension, lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia and elevated neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were the independent high-risk factors for severe COVID-19. The demographics and initial laboratory indexes with significant differences between the two groups were assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to explore the independent early predictors and risk factors associated with the disease severity of COVID-19. The results of Kaplan-Meier survival curves with log-rank test showed that venerable age (≥60 years old), comorbidity, hypertension, lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia, elevated NLR and VIEWPOINTS RESEARCH THEME 1: COVID-19 PANDEMIC CRP could obstruct the recovery and discharge of patients ( Table 3 and Figure 3) . According to the order of area under ROC curve from large to small, these early predictors were the severe COVID-19 risk model (0.920), albumin (0.867), NLR (0.835), lymphocyte count (0.826), and age (0.747), successively ( Table 4 and Figure 4) .

title:
  Early prediction and identification for severe patients during the pandemic of COVID-19: A severe COVID-19 risk model constructed by multivariate logistic regression analysis

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: As an emergent and fulminant infectious disease, Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a worldwide pandemic. The early identification and timely treatment of severe patients are crucial to reducing the mortality of COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and early predictors for severe COVID-19, and to establish a prediction model for the identification and triage of severe patients. METHODS: All confirmed patients with COVID-19 admitted by the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University were enrolled in this retrospective non-interventional study. The patients were divided into a mild group and a severe group, and the clinical data were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to identify the independent early predictors for severe COVID-19, and the prediction model was constructed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of the prediction model and each early predictor. RESULTS: A total of 40 patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 19 were mild and 21 were severe. The proportions of patients with venerable age (≥60 years old), comorbidities, and hypertension in severe patients were higher than that of the mild (P < 0.05). The duration of fever and respiratory symptoms, and the interval from illness onset to viral clearance were longer in severe patients (P < 0.05). Most patients received at least one form of oxygen treatments, while severe patients required more mechanical ventilation (P < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that venerable age, hypertension, lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia and elevated neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were the independent high-risk factors for severe COVID-19. ROC curves demonstrated significant predictive value of age, lymphocyte count, albumin and NLR for severe COVID-19. The sensitivity and specificity of the newly constructed prediction model for predicting severe COVID-19 was 90.5% and 84.2%, respectively, and whose positive predictive value, negative predictive value and crude agreement were all over 85%. CONCLUSIONS: The severe COVID-19 risk model might help clinicians quickly identify severe patients at an early stage and timely take optimal therapeutic schedule for them.


id: cord-270956-qpe5u43q
author: Amouzou, Agbessi
date: 2020-09-24
txt: ./txt/cord-270956-qpe5u43q.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-270956-qpe5u43q.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020368
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020368
abstract: nan
summary:
  T he COVID-19 pandemic raises the critical need for effective national surveillance systems, capable of detecting the onset of outbreaks rapidly but also sustainable platforms for mortality and cause of death (CoD) surveillance that allow rapid data collection to address questions during and after epidemics or crises. Well-designed sample vital registration systems (SVRS) offer rapid, and sustainable platforms for achieving the need for real-time data and the ability to nest data collection to respond to rising questions [3] . Registration System: A sustainable platform for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases surveillance in low and middle-income countries Sample vital registration systems (SVRS) provide strong and sustainable platforms for continuous monitoring of mortality, causes of death, diseases and population health at national and subnational levels that low-and middle-income countries can reliably and quickly develop and implement to monitor outbreaks and pandemics such as COV-ID-19.

title:
  National Sample Vital Registration System: A sustainable platform for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases surveillance in low and middle-income countries


id: cord-279345-dgdujcy3
title: A primary care alternative to a hospital-based approach to COVID-19 in India
author: Sudhir, Amita
date: 2020-08-11
txt: ./txt/cord-279345-dgdujcy3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-279345-dgdujcy3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020346
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020346
abstract: nan
summary:
  Of the available interventions to correct hypoxia, which is often the primary reason for hospital admission in COVID-19 patients, the simplest is oxygen by nasal cannula. This can be administered at any facility with the ability to keep patients overnight or for multiple days, but other than oxygen concentrators or cylinders, nasal cannulas, and simple pulse oximeters, no specialized equipment or advanced moni-A primary care alternative to a hospital-based approach to COVID-19 in India Amita Sudhir 1 , Nachiket Mor 2 The solution of using primary care facilities and providers is adaptable to either a public or private setting, depending on the resources available in any given country. Oxygen concentrators are portable, and once the need for using them for COVID patients has passed, they can be repurposed to ambulances, clinics, and even home health settings for a host of other diseases causing hypoxia.


id: cord-281406-d7g0pbj4
author: Chen, Yifei
date: 2020-04-24
txt: ./txt/cord-281406-d7g0pbj4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-281406-d7g0pbj4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh-10-011004
doi: 10.7189/jogh-10-011004
summary:
  BACKGROUND: Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei province of China by the end of 2019, it has burned its way across the globe, resulting in a still fast-growing death toll that far exceeded those from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in less than two months. The death cases were described from four aspects (gender and age characteristics, underlying diseases, the time course of death, symptoms at the incipience of illness and hospital admission). As there is a paucity of evidence on which population is more likely to progress into severe conditions among COVID-19 cases, here, we poured over the first batch of 38 death cases whose information were made public by Health Commission of Hubei province as of 24 January 2020, one day into city lockdown in Wuhan, with the purpose to add a new facet to current evidence.

title:
  Epidemiological analysis of the early 38 fatalities in Hubei, China, of the coronavirus disease 2019

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei province of China by the end of 2019, it has burned its way across the globe, resulting in a still fast-growing death toll that far exceeded those from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in less than two months. As there is a paucity of evidence on which population is more likely to progress into severe conditions among cases, we looked into the first cluster of death cases, aiming to add to current evidence and reduce panic among the population. METHODS: We prospectively collected the demographic and clinical data of the first 38 fatalities whose information was made public by the Health Commission of Hubei province and the official Weibo account of China Central Television news center, starting from 9 January through 24 January 2020. The death cases were described from four aspects (gender and age characteristics, underlying diseases, the time course of death, symptoms at the incipience of illness and hospital admission). RESULTS: Among the 38 fatalities, 71.05% were male, and 28.95% were female, with the median age of 70 years (interquartile range (IQR) = 65-81). Persons aged 66-75 made up the largest share. Twenty-five cases had a history of chronic diseases. The median time between the first symptoms and death was 12.50 days (IQR = 10.00-16.25), while the median time between the admission and death was 8.50 (IQR = 5.00-12.00) days. In persons aged over 56 years, the time between the first symptoms and death decreased with age, and so did the time between the admission and death, though the latter increased again in persons aged over 85 years. The major first symptoms included fever (52.63%), cough (31.58%), dyspnea (23.68%), myalgia and fatigue (15.79%). CONCLUSIONS: Among the death cases, persons with underlying diseases and aged over 65 made up the majority. The time between the first symptoms and death decreased with the advanced age. In all the age groups, males dominated the fatalities.


id: cord-284128-3obc5k5u
title: Concerns of HIV-positive migrant workers in COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action
author: Ahmed, Ali
date: 2020-09-08
txt: ./txt/cord-284128-3obc5k5u.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-284128-3obc5k5u.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110542/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020342
abstract: nan
summary:
  During this time, it is crucial to properly identify HIV/AIDS patients to ensure that they continue to receive timely and equitable access to health care and health support as they are increasingly vulnerable to COVID-19 consequences [2] . The lockdown and quarantine measures taken by most countries have been daunting for its HIV/AIDS-infected migrant population (legal or illegal) many of whom have been forced into unemployment and are unsure how to access appropriate health support, obtain essential medications or treatment [6] . The World Health Organization (WHO) should provide guidelines to all countries with HIV/AIDS infected migrants (whether legal or illegal) to adhere to so the migrant population continues to receive fair, assured and uninterrupted supply of ART treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic to maintain their immunity, health and decrease risk of CO-VID-19 contraction.


id: cord-284353-f7zkp9cf
title: Reopening schools after the COVID-19 lockdown
author: Sheikh, Aziz
date: 2020-06-27
txt: ./txt/cord-284353-f7zkp9cf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-284353-f7zkp9cf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32612815/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010376
abstract: nan
summary:
  W ith nationwide school closures currently operating in 191 countries, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has estimated that 1.6 billion (90.2%) students are currently out of primary, secondary and tertiary education (henceforth schools) as a result of the global COVID-19 lockdown [1] . In the absence of a robust evidence base on lockdown exit strategies, we consider the range of options being taken globally to reopen schools with a view to informing the formulation of national plans. Although COVID-19 tends to be less severe in children and adolescents, and thankfully relatively few students have died of the condition, a key policy concern has been that young people may be important community reservoirs for the transmission of the virus to household members. A recent (unpublished) systematic review concluded that children and young people under 20 are 56% less likely to contract SARS-COV2 from infected individuals than adults this suggesting they may play a smaller part in transmission than originally thought [6] .


id: cord-286958-e1ey31eo
author: Patel, Urvish
date: 2020-08-15
txt: ./txt/cord-286958-e1ey31eo.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-286958-e1ey31eo.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020506
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020506
summary:
  We evaluated the global burden of COVID-19 including case fatality rates (CFR), strength of association between deaths and cases to predict CFR, case doubling time, COVID-19 specific mortality rates, and control measures by governments to prevent spread among USA, China, Italy, Iran, Spain, Germany, India, and South Korea. Bavaria declared a state of emergency for 14 days and measures to limit public movement and additional funds for medicine supplies were introduced [71] ; All flights from Iran and China stopped by German Ministry of Transport [72] ; Travelling in coaches, attending religious meetings, visiting playgrounds or engaging in tourism prohibited [73] 17 Finance minister announced US$24 billion stimulus package [88] Infection rate at the beginning of the major intervention (nationwide closure of school or major Table 6 mentions the predicted dates of the peak number of cases based on strict interventions.

title:
  Early epidemiological indicators, outcomes, and interventions of COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic that brought the whole world to a standstill, has led to financial and health care burden. We aimed to evaluate epidemiological characteristics, needs of resources, outcomes, and global burden of the disease. METHODS: Systematic review was performed searching PubMed from December 1, 2019, to March 25, 2020, for full-text observational studies that described epidemiological characteristics, following MOOSE protocol. Global data were collected from the JHU-Corona Virus Resource Center, WHO-COVID-2019 situation reports, KFF.org, and Worldometers.info until March 31, 2020. The prevalence percentages were calculated. The global data were plotted in excel to calculate case fatality rate (CFR), predicted CFR, COVID-19 specific mortality rate, and doubling time for cases and deaths. CFR was predicted using Pearson correlation, regression models, and coefficient of determination. RESULTS: From 21 studies of 2747 patients, 8.4% of patients died, 20.4% recovered, 15.4% were admitted to ICU and 14.9% required ventilation. COVID-19 was more prevalent in patients with hypertension (19.3%), smoking (11.3%), diabetes mellitus (10%), and cardiovascular diseases (7.4%). Common complications were pneumonia (82%), cardiac complications (26.4%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (15.7%), secondary infection (11.2%), and septic shock (4.3%). Though CFR and COVID-19 specific death rates are dynamic, they were consistently high for Italy, Spain, and Iran. Polynomial growth models were best fit for all countries for predicting CFR. Though many interventions have been implemented, stern measures like nationwide lockdown and school closure occurred after very high infection rates (>10cases per 100 000population) prevailed. Given the trend of government measures and decline of new cases in China and South Korea, most countries will reach the peak between April 1-20, if interventions are followed. CONCLUSIONS: A collective approach undertaken by a responsible government, wise strategy implementation and a receptive population may help contain the spread of COVID-19 outbreak. Close monitoring of predictive models of such indicators in the highly affected countries would help to evaluate the potential fatality if the second wave of pandemic occurs. The future studies should be focused on identifying accurate indicators to mitigate the effect of underestimation or overestimation of COVID-19 burden.


id: cord-288352-qt4ugr95
title: Assessment of the preparedness of the Ugandan health care system to tackle more COVID-19 cases
author: Ajari, Esther Ejiroghene
date: 2020-08-18
txt: ./txt/cord-288352-qt4ugr95.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-288352-qt4ugr95.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110509/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020305
abstract: nan
summary:
  The Ugandan health care system, for example, had an 81-day pre-outbreak opportunity and still has a post-outbreak opportunity since it only has 413 confirmed COVID-19 cases, a relatively low figure, as at May 30, 2020 [3] . Taking into account Uganda''s population size, of about 40 million people, this report shows that there are only 1.3 ICU bed per million population, implying a very limited access to intensive health care in the country. Thus, it is logical to assert that Uganda''s health care sytem might truly be overwhelmed if the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases increases. Therefore, since, most COVID-19 cases in the country, has been among males, aged between 20-49 years, there is reason to suspect that the zero death incidence from the disease might not be due to the efficiency of the Ugandan health care system.


id: cord-288983-a6s9di4g
title: How Taiwan, a non-WHO member, takes actions in response to COVID-19
author: Su, Sheng-Fang
date: 2020-06-17
txt: ./txt/cord-288983-a6s9di4g.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-288983-a6s9di4g.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582442/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010380
abstract: nan
summary:
  The success of Taiwan for anti-epidemic measures included: quick response and efficient management, central production and distribution of masks/medical supplies, quarantine/isolation regulations with tracking contacts technology, and coordination between government, medical workers, public health professionals, and the whole Taiwanese society. In addition to the existing measure of onboard quarantine inspection, including fever screening of arriving passengers, suspected cases screening through history of travelling, occupation, contact and cluster (TOCC) inquiring, and health assessments conducting, all health care facilities should reinforce reporting severe cases of pneumonia among people who arrive in Taiwan from Wuhan. In light of the ongoing outbreak, CECC has introduced guidelines for high-risk individuals regarding 1) self-health management (reported cases who have tested negative and met criteria for being released from isolation, or people under "COVID-19 Community-based Surveillance), 2) 14-day home quarantine (with travel history), and 3) 14-day home isolation (who had contact with confirmed cases), and provided quarantine sites with free meals and a US$30 compensation per day during the 14-day period.


id: cord-289520-i6pv90s9
title: An evidence-based framework for priority clinical research questions for COVID-19
author: Harris, Carlyn
date: 2020-03-31
txt: ./txt/cord-289520-i6pv90s9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-289520-i6pv90s9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32257173/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10-011001
summary:
  RESULTS: From the research objectives for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, ten themes in the literature were identified: Clinical characterisation, prognosis, diagnosis, clinical management, viral pathogenesis, epidemiological characterisation, infection prevention and control/transmission, susceptibility, psychosocial, and aetiology. Outbreaks, especially of novel agents, create a pressing need to collect data on clinical characterization, treatment, and validation of new diagnostics to inform rapid public health response. We compared our findings to the 2018 systematic review on SARS and MERS to determine which questions have already been addressed, what information is lacking, and provide recommendations for data sharing and clinical study designs to be conducted during the current outbreak. These observational studies are practical in the fast-paced outbreak setting, as they are easier than randomised controlled The First Few X (FFX) WHO Protocol https://www.who.int/publications-detail/the-first-few-x-(ffx)-cases-and-contact-investigation-protocol-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-infection) What are the risk factors for death or severe illness?

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: On 31 December, 2019, the World Health Organization China Country Office was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology. Since then, there have been over 75 000 cases globally of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), 2000 deaths, and over 14 000 cases recovered. Outbreaks of novel agents represent opportunities for clinical research to inform real-time public health action. In 2018, we conducted a systematic review to identify priority research questions for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Here, we review information available on COVID-19 and provide an evidenced-based framework for priority clinical research in the current outbreak. METHODS: Three bibliographic databases were searched to identify clinical studies published on SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in the outbreak setting. Studies were grouped thematically according to clinical research questions addressed. In February 2020, available information on COVID19 was reviewed and compared to the results of the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV systematic review. RESULTS: From the research objectives for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, ten themes in the literature were identified: Clinical characterisation, prognosis, diagnosis, clinical management, viral pathogenesis, epidemiological characterisation, infection prevention and control/transmission, susceptibility, psychosocial, and aetiology. For COVID19, some information on clinical presentation, diagnostic testing, and aetiology is available but many clinical research gaps have yet to be filled. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a systematic review of other severe coronaviruses, we summarise the state of clinical research for COVID-19, highlight the research gaps, and provide recommendations for the implementation of standardised protocols. Data based on internationally standardised protocols will inform clinical practice real-time.


id: cord-292898-6m97l2uz
title: COVID-19 mortality among pregnant women in Mexico: A retrospective cohort study
author: Ríos-Silva, Mónica
date: 2020-09-23
txt: ./txt/cord-292898-6m97l2uz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-292898-6m97l2uz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110595/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020512
summary:
  The variables included in this database were sex; age; whether the patient received outpatient care or required hospitalization; presence of pregnancy; smoking history; date of onset of symptoms, admission to hospital, and death if applicable; history of diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, immunosuppression, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity, chronic kidney disease, or diagnosis of other unspecified comorbidity; presence of complications, such as diagnosis of pneumonia, mechanical ventilation required, and intensive care in intensive care unit (ICU). In the bivariate analysis, a χ 2 test was used to establish the association between the presence of pregnancy or a positive test and the presence of comorbidities reported in the database (DM, COPD, asthma, immunosuppression, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, smoking, and other comorbidity), as well as the association of pregnancy with the presence of complications (pneumonia, admission to ICU, need for mechanical ventilation, and/or death), the association between the presence of comorbidities and the type of care required by the patient (outpatient vs hospitalization), and the association of comorbidities and death.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Pregnant women have been classified as at risk for COVID-19 due to previous experience with influenza and other coronaviruses. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for the complications and death in women of childbearing age and pregnant women with suspected COVID-19. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted from the beginning of the epidemic in Mexico until May 25, 2020. All women of childbearing age (13-49 years) from the open national COVID-19 database from the Ministry of Health of Mexico were considered for eligibility. SARS-COV-2 infection was confirmed or ruled out by RT-qPCR. We performed a bivariate and multivariable analysis to estimate mortality risk. RESULTS: Ten (2.2%) pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 died. Positive pregnant patients did not have a higher risk of complications (admission to the ICU, pneumonia, or requirement for mechanical ventilation) or death than the controls. In the multivariate analysis, only history of diabetes and chronic kidney disease remained independently associated with death in the positive cohort. Seven (0.6%) pregnant women with a negative test died. In bivariate analysis, pregnant patients with a positive test had a higher risk of death than pregnant patients with a negative test (relative risk (RR) = 3.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.48-10.12), but no higher risk was found than in non-pregnant women with a positive test (RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.44-1.53), and 60-day mortality did not significantly differ among pregnant patients with or without a positive test (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.12-1.30) or between COVID-19-positive patients who were pregnant or not pregnant (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.35-1.56). CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant patients do not have a greater risk of complications or death from COVID-19 than non-pregnant patients. The presence of diabetes mellitus and chronic disease increases the risk of death in women of childbearing age, but not specifically in pregnant patients.


id: cord-296445-0spqe4r2
title: Consequences of the coronavirus pandemic for global health research and practice
author: Supady, Alexander
date: 2020-06-11
txt: ./txt/cord-296445-0spqe4r2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-296445-0spqe4r2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32566157/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010366
abstract: nan
summary:
  The risk management of the COVID-19-pandemic in the context of global health research and practice not only needs to take into account microbiological and epidemiological knowledge and expertise on the characteristics and spread of SARS-CoV-2, but also social and economic impacts and challenges in different countries and settings. On the one hand, the resumption of temporarily interrupted projects may endanger people by unintended The coronavirus pandemic challenges ongoing and planned global health research and practice activities throughout the world; project planners and responsible persons must cautiously balance out the risks of interruption and resumption of the projects in the respective settings. Clinical data suggest that elderly and immunocompromised persons are at a very high risk of infections and poor outcomes when infected with SARS-CoV-2, the high contagiousness of the virus puts people in densely populated settings, such as refugee camps, at a particular risk [3] .


id: cord-296803-tde8k4kr
title: Gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic response in Italy
author: Lundin, Rebecca
date: 2020-09-07
txt: ./txt/cord-296803-tde8k4kr.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-296803-tde8k4kr.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020359
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020359
abstract: nan
summary:
  During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the WHO and other international authorities have warned about the increased risk of GBV related to more time spent indoors, isolation from social and protective networks, and greater social and economic stress related to both the epidemic and response measures [2] [3] [4] . During the COVID-19 pandemic network members were asked to review the number of women contacting anti-violence centers during two time periods, corresponding to about one month each (between 2 March and 5 April 2020 and between 6 April and 3 May 2020). Specifically, further research is needed to identify the drivers of the observed increases in contact with anti-violence centers and to develop and test effective interventions to protect women at risk of GBV during the ongoing COVID-19 response.


id: cord-297823-0d3lsjjp
title: Earthquake in the time of COVID-19: The story from Croatia (CroVID-20)
author: Čivljak, Rok
date: 2020-05-02
txt: ./txt/cord-297823-0d3lsjjp.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-297823-0d3lsjjp.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010349
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010349
abstract: nan
summary:
  The Government of the Republic of Croatia has established the National Civil Defense Headquarters in order to raise the level of preparedness of all the competent authorities, protect the health of Croatian citizens and coordinate all the services in the battle against SARS-CoV-2 in Croatia. The Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior was chosen to lead the headquarters, whose members are the Director of the Croatian Institute of Public Health, the Director of the Croatian Institute of Emergency Medicine, and the Director of the Dr Fran Mihaljević University Hospital for Infectious Diseases (UHID), who is also the President of the Croatian Society for Biosafety and Biosecurity. In addition to property damage, we were quite apprehensive that the earthquake would accelerate the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic in Croatia since the earthquake, which left many homeless and fearful of earthquakes to come, triggered migrations to other parts of the country.


id: cord-298372-4pw1y404
title: Natural outbreaks and bioterrorism: How to deal with the two sides of the same coin?
author: Koch, Lionel
date: 2020-08-18
txt: ./txt/cord-298372-4pw1y404.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-298372-4pw1y404.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020317
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020317
abstract: nan
summary:
  The last Ebola outbreak in 2014 in West Africa was regarded as a paradigm of the issues caused by emerging infectious diseases nowadays: this extremely deadly pathogen has naturally emerged in a large new area, and its overwhelming spread has subsequently impacted Europe and the United States [3] . At the same time, some natural outbreaks were caused by naturally altered pathogens like the Escherichia coli O104:H4 in Europe in 2011, a strain that acquired and combined unusual virulence factor and drug resistance genes [25] or in 2003 the new human coronavirus (SARS-CoV) identified with surprise in front of severe acute respiratory syndrome cases [26] . Indeed, even if the substantial remaining risk in the case of an attack is the possibility of secondary actions aiming to maximise damages to the emergency infrastructure [38] , the real challenge for global safety remains the early detection, the accurate characterisation and the establishment of specific measures, whatever the outbreak origin [39, 40] .


id: cord-300022-2wfo6yql
title: Health system resilience: Lebanon and the Syrian refugee crisis
author: Ammar, Walid
date: 2016-12-14
txt: ./txt/cord-300022-2wfo6yql.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-300022-2wfo6yql.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.06.020704
doi: 10.7189/jogh.06.020704
summary:
  When studying the resilience of the Lebanese health system we drew on insights from studies of health systems that have faced refugee crises -studies which have considered the ability of a health system to maintain service delivery, prevent major outbreaks and sustain improvements in population level outcome indicators including utilization, service coverage, morbidity and mortality rates, as measures of success [30] [31] [32] [33] . The MOPH information systems and the maternal mortality observatory data sets are designed to incorporate ongoing assessment and reporting related to displaced Syrians, including for immunization coverage, disease surveillance and utilization of health services in addition to maternal and child mortality. Our findings indicate that the health system in Lebanon was able to maintain service delivery for both refugees and Lebanese citizens, prevent communicable diseases and sustain improvements in morbidity and mortality levels in the presence of major external and internal shocks, despite relatively limited increase in system inputs.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Between 2011 and 2013, the Lebanese population increased by 30% due to the influx of Syrian refugees. While a sudden increase of such magnitude represents a shock to the health system, threatening the continuity of service delivery and destabilizing governance, it also offers a unique opportunity to study resilience of a health system amidst ongoing crisis. METHODS: We conceptualized resilience as the capacity of a health system to absorb internal or external shocks (for example prevent or contain disease outbreaks and maintain functional health institutions) while sustaining achievements. We explored factors contributing to the resilience of the Lebanese health system, including networking with stakeholders, diversification of the health system, adequate infrastructure and health human resources, a comprehensive communicable disease response and the integration of the refugees within the health system. RESULTS: In studying the case of Lebanon we used input–process–output–outcome approach to assess the resilience of the Lebanese health system. This approach provided us with a holistic view of the health system, as it captured not only the sustained and improved outcomes, but also the inputs and processes leading to them. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that the Lebanese health system was resilient as its institutions sustained their performance during the crisis and even improved.


id: cord-300095-a94j7vz4
title: Mental health and holistic care of migrant workers in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic
author: Chan, Lai Gwen
date: 2020-08-11
txt: ./txt/cord-300095-a94j7vz4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-300095-a94j7vz4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110532/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020332
abstract: nan
summary:
  When news broke in early April 2020 about the gazetting of 2 large migrant worker dormitories as isolation areas because of clusters of confirmed COVID-19 cases there [5] , HealthServe anticipated the unprecedented magnitude of mental health and psychosocial care needs and stepped forwards with a manual of recommendations on how to engage the migrant worker population as well as how to address the mental health and psychosocial care needs (an adaptation and application of the Interim Briefing Note Mental health and holistic care of migrant workers in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic This paper describes a collaborative model between a Non-Governmental Organization and other governmental and healthcare stakeholders in addressing mental health and holistic care of migrant workers, as well as how the model evolved as more real-time experience about this population''s needs and responses were gained.


id: cord-302271-js06pel9
title: Pre-season football preparation in the era of COVID-19: Croatian Football Association Model
author: Primorac, Dragan
date: 2020-05-06
txt: ./txt/cord-302271-js06pel9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-302271-js06pel9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010352
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010352
abstract: nan
summary:
  Croatian Football Federation, with its Medical Committee, is launching a new model of pre-season systematic examination of football players with a particular emphasis on diagnosing COVID-19 before returning to training and competitive football. the list of medical examinations that players must undergo in order to be eligible to participate in UEFA competitions, we hereby propose a model for screening professional football players returning to the field after the lift of the ban on all sport activities because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides pre-season physical examination (primarily 12-lead ECG, spirometry with bronchodilatation test, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) test and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) test) and medical examination defined by the UEFA Medical Regulations (for the next season), we are proposing that every football player from the Croatian first National League must have negative consecutive two RT-qPCR COVID-19 pharyngeal swabs over a 5-day interval. In addition to limiting the potential of viral spread with the start of regular sport activities, the results of this screening protocol will allow us to estimate how many football players have been infected nationally.


id: cord-303909-9xr7i1p5
title: Modeling the future of cancer registration and research: The Martinique Cancer Data Hub Platform
author: Joachim, Clarisse
date: 2020-09-11
txt: ./txt/cord-303909-9xr7i1p5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-303909-9xr7i1p5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110548/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020352
abstract: nan
summary:
  We propose an innovative and robust organizational networking platform with advanced digital tools and strong partners, to boost a collaborative medical network of Public Health and Health Surveillance, in close connection with clinical research, and population-based cancer registries. This platform will provide institutions and health care professionals with a "Cancer Data Hub", which will offer a wide range of accurate cancer data (patterns of cancer care, quality of life, onco-pharmaco-epidemiology…), fostering collaborative and innovative public health research activities (eg, observational studies in real life practice and clinical trials). This platform addresses the challenges that need to be resolved in the Caribbean area, with a view to improving overall quality of life and survival, by increasing capacity to implement telemedicine technologies and health care tools, also with a focus on research. The participants in this initiative will have access to quality of life research projects thanks to the development of a social network integrating older persons, patient communities and caregivers.


id: cord-306090-i8sriw08
title: Protecting health care workers in the front line: Innovation in COVID-19 pandemic
author: Tan, Zihui
date: 2020-05-15
txt: ./txt/cord-306090-i8sriw08.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-306090-i8sriw08.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010357
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010357
abstract: nan
summary:
  The protection of health care workers (HCWs) is vital in continuing patient care in health care systems that are currently challenged by the pandemic, but also important in ensuring they do not spread the virus. A unique feature of many testing venues in Singapore is that they are outdoors with the average of 30°C tropical weather, rendering the prolonged use of conventional personal protective equipment (PPE) or full-body protection uncomfortable. The widespread incidence and expected protracted duration of the COVID-19 pandemic has also prompted concerns for minimising the use of PPE especially for high-volume or brief procedures with a short duration of high-risk patient contact, such as throat swabbing. The protection of health care workers is vital in continuing patient care in health care systems that are currently challenged by the pandemic, but also important in ensuring they do not spread the virus.


id: cord-309377-5pusd2pc
title: Rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Vietnam government’s experience and preliminary success
author: Tran, Thi Phuong Thao
date: 2020-07-28
txt: ./txt/cord-309377-5pusd2pc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-309377-5pusd2pc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110585/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020502
summary:
  To date, the pandemic has been successfully controlled thanks to the Vietnamese government''s prompt, proactive and decisive responses including mobilization of the health care systems, security forces, economic policies, along with a creative and effective communication campaign corresponding with crucial milestones of the epidemic''s progression. • On 1 April, Vietnam government enacted the Directive No. 16/CT-TTg on implementing strict social distancing rules nationwide for 15 d to prevent the spread of COVID-19. • Additionally, penalties of violations of COVID-19 prevention and control policies were imposed including not wearing masks in public places, concealing health status, opening non-essential businesses, gathering of more than 10 people, spreading ''fake news'' and others [91] . The effective results of the epidemic control to date have been largely contributed by the MOH and their drastic efforts in delivering rapid and decisive responses on all fronts from research, prevention, screening to diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has hit all corners of the world, challenging governments to act promptly in controlling the spread of the pandemic. Due to limited resources and inferior technological capacities, developing countries including Vietnam have faced many challenges in combating the pandemic. Since the first cases were detected on 23 January 2020, Vietnam has undergone a 3-month fierce battle to control the outbreak with stringent measures from the government to mitigate the adverse impacts. In this study, we aim to give insights into the Vietnamese government’s progress during the first three months of the outbreak. Additionally, we relatively compare Vietnam’s response with that of other Southeast Asia countries to deliver a clear and comprehensive view on disease control strategies. METHODS: The data on the number of COVID-19 confirmed and recovered cases in Vietnam was obtained from the Dashboard for COVID-19 statistics of the Ministry of Health (https://ncov.vncdc.gov.vn/). The review on Vietnam’s country-level responses was conducted by searching for relevant government documents issued on the online database ‘Vietnam Laws Repository’ (https://thuvienphapluat.vn/en/index.aspx), with the grey literature on Google and relevant official websites. A stringency index of government policies and the countries’ respective numbers of confirmed cases of nine Southeast Asian countries were adapted from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/research/research-projects/coronavirus-government-response-tracker). All data was updated as of 24 April 2020. RESULTS: Preliminary positive results have been achieved given that the nation confirmed no new community-transmitted cases since 16 April and zero COVID-19 – related deaths throughout the 3-month pandemic period. To date, the pandemic has been successfully controlled thanks to the Vietnamese government’s prompt, proactive and decisive responses including mobilization of the health care systems, security forces, economic policies, along with a creative and effective communication campaign corresponding with crucial milestones of the epidemic’s progression. CONCLUSIONS: Vietnam could be one of the role models in pandemic control for low-resource settings. As the pandemic is still ongoing in an unpredictable trajectory, disease control measures should continue to be put in place in the foreseeable short term.


id: cord-311210-q92xft2b
title: Undertesting of COVID-19 in Indonesia: what has gone wrong?
author: van Empel, Giovanni
date: 2020-07-28
txt: ./txt/cord-311210-q92xft2b.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-311210-q92xft2b.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020306
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020306
abstract: nan
summary:
  A country of 267 million and the fourth largest in the world, Indonesia reports a relatively small number of confirmed COVID-19 cases compared to other affected countries. The first official testing protocol for COVID-19 was published on March 16, just two weeks after the Ministry of Health reported the first case. Not long after the first protocol was published, the Ministry of Health (MoH) expanded designated test centres to ten MoH owned laboratories across Indonesia. Only after the President formally instructed to expand the testing capacity in the early April 2020 (4 weeks after the initial confirmed case was recorded), then the health authority started to decentralise the testing process to 48 public-owned laboratories. The first category is called person under surveillance which is defined as individuals who have mild acute respiratory infection symptoms with travel history from outbreak area or history of close contact to confirmed cases.


id: cord-311601-w2jqmpww
title: African perspectives: modern complexities of emerging, re-emerging, and endemic zoonoses
author: Muzemil, Abdulazeez
date: 2018-10-25
txt: ./txt/cord-311601-w2jqmpww.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-311601-w2jqmpww.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/johg.08.020310
doi: 10.7189/johg.08.020310
abstract: nan
summary:
  Specifically, land use change cum agricultural practices, surging human demographic, pathogen evolution (antimicrobial resistance), failure of public health systems, global travel and more global interconnectedness in spatial and temporal dimensions have driven these threats [2] . Consequently, new challenges have emerged, including: border-related conflicts, food security risk due to declines agricultural production, vectorand water-borne diseases, (especially in areas with inadequate health infrastructure), flooding and exacerbation of desertification by changes in rainfall and intensified land use [2] . It is suggested that, as long as Africa (or any other continent) does not address complex interactions -such as those that involve agriculture, the environment, economics, sociology, as well as zoonotic pathogens, disease outbreaks may follow human-driven disruptions, as those observed after major changes in land use, eg, those related with the construction of dams, mines, and intensive agriculture.


id: cord-312029-xsojdbdk
author: Sham, Lauren
date: 2020-10-02
txt: ./txt/cord-312029-xsojdbdk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-312029-xsojdbdk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110529/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020329
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: The COVID-19 pandemic and Community Health Workers: An opportunity to maintain delivery of care and education for families of children with epilepsy in Zambia As requirements for physical distancing have led to restrictions on the availability of health care services, many countries have adapted methods of telemedicine to sustain care access for patients [1] , while making difficult decisions surrounding which aspects of direct clinical care can be deferred and the time span acceptable for delaying chronic medical care [2] . The COVID-19 pandemic and Community Health Workers: An opportunity to maintain delivery of care and education for families of children with epilepsy in Zambia Beyond our original goals, this program has provided a unique model of health care access for a chronic medical condition during times of infectious disease outbreaks requiring physical distancing, which is feasible to implement in a developing region where telehealth mechanisms are limited.

title:
  The COVID-19 pandemic and Community Health Workers: An opportunity to maintain delivery of care and education for families of children with epilepsy in Zambia


id: cord-313904-745u0si8
title: The COVID-19 outbreak in Iran
author: Salimi, Rasoul
date: 2020-06-11
txt: ./txt/cord-313904-745u0si8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-313904-745u0si8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010365
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010365
abstract: nan
summary:
  A ccording to the World Health Organization, as of April 21, 2020, 2 397 217 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including 162 956 deaths, have been reported worldwide [1] . The national COVID-19 screening program in Iran is a successful measure of the response to the outbreak. Two of the main challenges that suffered painfully during the outbreak were sanctions against Iran and the circulating fake news and misinformation on social media networks. So, it was critical that sanctions and barriers to providing essential supplies to Iran would be stopped, or to be postponed at least until In order to control the outbreak faster and efficiently in Iran, social distancing must be more rigid, widespread testing must be performed to cutting down the transmission chain, and US unilateral economic sanctions must be restricted to import essential goods. All interventions during the outbreak helped to flatten the curve of COVID-19 cases in Iran.


id: cord-320002-25ivll3q
title: Etiology of community acquired pneumonia among children in India: prospective, cohort study
author: Mathew, Joseph L.
date: 2015-10-21
txt: ./txt/cord-320002-25ivll3q.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-320002-25ivll3q.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26528392/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.05.020418
summary:
  BACKGROUND: Childhood community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant problem in developing countries, and confirmation of microbial etiology is important for individual, as well as public health. The Pneumonia Research for Child Health (PERCH) project [15] is a 7-site case-control study to identify the cause of pneumonia among children in developing countries. Currently, there is no study from India reporting etiology of CAP in a large cohort of children, using multiple biological samples, and various sensitive as well as specific microbiologic methods. We initiated the Community Acquired Pneumonia Etiology Study (CAPES) to address this knowledge gap by determining the microbiologic etiology of CAP in a cohort of Indian children using multiple biological specimens (blood, nasopharyngeal aspirates, bronchoalveolar lavage) and the relationship between etiology and pneumonia severity. Lower respiratory infections among hospitalized children in New Caledonia: a pilot study for the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health project

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Childhood community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant problem in developing countries, and confirmation of microbial etiology is important for individual, as well as public health. However, there is paucity of data from a large cohort, examining multiple biological specimens for diverse pathogens (bacteria and viruses). The Community Acquired Pneumonia Etiology Study (CAPES) was designed to address this knowledge gap. METHODS: We enrolled children with CAP (based on WHO IMCI criteria of tachypnea with cough or breathing difficulty) over 24 consecutive months, and recorded presenting symptoms, risk factors, clinical signs, and chest radiography. We performed blood and nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) bacterial cultures, and serology (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae). We also performed multiplex PCR for 25 bacterial/viral species in a subgroup representing 20% of the cohort. Children requiring endotracheal intubation underwent culture and PCR of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens. FINDINGS: We enrolled 2345 children. NPA and blood cultures yielded bacteria in only 322 (13.7%) and 49 (2.1%) children respectively. In NPA, Streptococcus pneumoniae (79.1%) predominated, followed by Haemophilus influenzae (9.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (6.8%). In blood, S. aureus (30.6%) dominated, followed by S. pneumoniae (20.4%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.2%). M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae serology were positive in 4.3% and 1.1% respectively. Multiplex PCR in 428 NPA specimens identified organisms in 422 (98.6%); of these 352 (82.2%) had multiple organisms and only 70 (16.4%) had a single organism viz. S. pneumoniae: 35 (50%), Cytomegalovirus (CMV): 13 (18.6%), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): 9 (12.9%), other viruses: 6 (8.7%), S. aureus: 5 (7.1%), and H. influenzae: 2 (2.9%). BAL PCR (n = 30) identified single pathogens in 10 (S. pneumoniae–3, CMV–3, S. aureus–2, H. influenzae–2) and multiple pathogens in 18 children. There were 108 (4.6%) deaths. The pattern of pathogens identified did not correlate with pneumonia severity or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of children with CAP have multiple pathogens (bacteria and viruses). S. pneumoniae and S. aureus predominate in NPA and blood respectively. CMV and RSV were the dominant respiratory viruses in NPA and BAL. The presence of multiple pathogens, especially organisms associated with nasopharyngeal carriage, precludes confirmation of a causal relationship in most cases.


id: cord-321800-0h28pg3b
author: Klingelhöfer, Doris
date: 2020-09-23
txt: ./txt/cord-321800-0h28pg3b.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-321800-0h28pg3b.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020508
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020508
summary:
  RESULTS: The trend in publication and citation numbers shows the strong influence of the past pandemics SARS and MERS with an untypical decline afterward. The current extremely rapid global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the highly dangerous outbreak of the pandemic CoVID-19 with daily increasing numbers of new infections and deaths around the world. Additionally, socio-economic, scientific and epidemiological parameters were related to the publication numbers to obtain an even more meaningful picture of the global landscape of CoV research. The resulting scientific interest and the possible in-si-VIEWPOINTS RESEARCH THEME 1: COVID-19 PANDEMIC tu investigation of the cases caused the publication figures to rise at the beginning of the SARS disease and to fall rapidly thereafter. Here, the USA and China are the highest-ranking countries, demonstrating their overall interest in CoV research and also focusing on the MERS pandemic, despite the relatively low case numbers.

title:
  Coronavirus: An insight into global research until outbreak of COVID-19 and its implications for the future

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The currently prevailing global threat of COVID-19 caused the publication numbers on coronaviruses to explode. The awareness of the scientific and public community is enormous. But what about the sense of all these undertakings and what can be learned about the future for a better understanding? These questions were answered with established bibliometric analyses of the time until the avalanche of publications unfolded. METHODS: Chronological, geographical aspects of publication output on coronavirus were also evaluated under the influence of epidemiological and socio-economic parameters. RESULTS: The trend in publication and citation numbers shows the strong influence of the past pandemics SARS and MERS with an untypical decline afterward. Research is becoming increasingly multidisciplinary over time. The USA and China, as the countries with the highest number of publications, are being displaced by other countries in the consideration of socio-economic and epidemiological aspects, which shows the effect of regional interest in corona research. A significant correlation was found between the number of SARS cases per country and related publications, while no correlation was found for MERS cases and articles. CONCLUSIONS: The results underline the need for sustainable and forward-looking approaches that should not end with the containment of COVID-19.


id: cord-326590-ocd9ojnc
title: Human rights and global health emergencies preparedness
author: Boggio, Andrea
date: 2020-04-07
txt: ./txt/cord-326590-ocd9ojnc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-326590-ocd9ojnc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010334
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010334
abstract: nan
summary:
  Yet, even when done correctly, in line with the scientific knowledge, and full respect of international human rights law, emergency handling and planning is not sufficient to manage the spread of infectious disease. In a matter of days, the local authorities conclude that the health care facilities were insufficient to handle the emergency and announced plans to build from scratch not one but two new hospitals. The global health community must thus push countries harder to keep strengthening their research capacity and basic health care infrastructure along with emergency handling and planning efforts. International human rights law is critical as it transforms global health best practices in legal duties. The General Comment on science and economic, social and cultural rights is an important addition to the human rights that are traditionally invoked in the global health arena. Only when cultivated and guaranteed as a human right, science provides the support needed to fight global health emergencies.


id: cord-328321-7e37hhia
author: Olapoju, Olabisi Michael
date: 2020-07-28
txt: ./txt/cord-328321-7e37hhia.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-328321-7e37hhia.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020501
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020501
summary:
  METHODS: The study provides a review of the means by which the two pandemics were imported into the country and the roles the transport means of each period played in the local spread of the epidemics. RESULTS: The study notes that seaports and railways, being the emerging transportation modes in the country were significant to the importation and local diffusion of 1918-19 influenza, respectively, while air transport is significant to the importation of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to provide an assessment of the nature and role of transport in the importation, traffic and spread of 1918-19 influenza and COVID-19 in Nigeria. On the contrary, air transport plays the most significant role in the importation of COVID-19 in Nigeria as is the case with virtually all the countries that are affected by the epidemic.

title:
  Estimating transportation role in pandemic diffusion in Nigeria: A consideration of 1918-19 influenza and COVID-19 pandemics

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The focus of the study is to assess the role of different transport means in the importation and diffusion of 1918-19 influenza and a novel 2019 corona virus designated as COVID-19 in Nigeria. METHODS: The study provides a review of the means by which the two pandemics were imported into the country and the roles the transport means of each period played in the local spread of the epidemics. RESULTS: The study notes that seaports and railways, being the emerging transportation modes in the country were significant to the importation and local diffusion of 1918-19 influenza, respectively, while air transport is significant to the importation of the current COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that increasing preference for the transport at a given epoch is significant to the diffusion of prevailing epidemic in the epoch.


id: cord-330395-2qoyrqmj
title: COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Data deficiency to delayed decision
author: Huq, Samin
date: 2020-04-15
txt: ./txt/cord-330395-2qoyrqmj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-330395-2qoyrqmj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010342
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010342
abstract: nan
summary:
  The decisions of cluster-wise lockdown or social distancing, or even preparing the health system to respond to the pandemic are made without the availability of adequate data. Although scarcity of test kits and lack of awareness from the general public certainly contributed to the crisis, Bangladesh is one of the few countries which had more than two months to prepare for COVID-19 crisis. The crisis has already started in the form of limited availability of disinfectants and personal protective equipment in the health care facilities. The recent surge of daily testing has managed to uncover more cases and traces of transmission at the community level. Additionally, it can lead to a surge on heightened risk of exposure due to minimized health response priorities, efforts and initiatives -such as contact tracing and testing in the rural areas and considering their movement to the urban areas.


id: cord-331405-1opm5onj
title: COVID-19 among health workers in Brazil: The silent wave
author: Pessa Valente, Emanuelle
date: 2020-06-17
txt: ./txt/cord-331405-1opm5onj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-331405-1opm5onj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010379
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010379
abstract: nan
summary:
  Since the beginning of pandemic, many organizations have raised concerns with the lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), low observance of social distancing measures, and scarce availability of diagnostic tests in Brazil [2, 3] . Open Knowledge Brazil (OKBR), a civil society organization that operates in support of open-access data of public interest, ranked Brazilian states with a "Transparency index", evaluating 13 criteria related to content, format and level of detail of information disclosed via official portals during COVID-19 pandemic [12] . We report here the results of a rapid review performed by systematically screening each of the 27 federal health department websites and COVID-19 dedicated portals in order to identify specific policies for HW health screening and testing, and related HW morbidity and mortality data. Information regarding COVID-19 confirmed cases among HWs was available in the official bulletins of only six (22.2%) Brazilian Federal states (Figure 1) .


id: cord-336409-crkcxpw0
title: COVID-19 in Malaysia: Crucial measures in critical times
author: Ganasegeran, Kurubaran
date: 2020-08-11
txt: ./txt/cord-336409-crkcxpw0.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-336409-crkcxpw0.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020333
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020333
abstract: nan
summary:
  Albeit the global COVID-19 pandemic trend is increasing, Malaysia is seeing a decrease on the number of infections, with high recoveries and low mortality rates [1] . This viewpoint aims to discuss the targeted containment strategies executed by Malaysia, which till date is showing positive responses in controlling the spread of COVID-19. (2) high compliance on the practice of physical distancing measures and the usage of face mask; (3) reducing flight and public transportation services; (4) self-quarantine at home; (5) changes to crucial essential services like funerals to minimize crowd size and exposure to body fluids; and (6) avoidance of misinformation -verified and clear information regarding COVID-19 needs to be delivered on-time and consistently to the public to avoid fake news, rumors and panic. With declining trend of positive cases, Malaysia executed a relaxed Conditional Movement Control Order (CMCO) that aims to carefully re-open the country''s major economy in phases [1] .


id: cord-339689-pemyxewv
title: Learning from tuberculosis: COVID-19 highlights the need for more robust infection control policy
author: Moran, Alexander
date: 2020-07-28
txt: ./txt/cord-339689-pemyxewv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-339689-pemyxewv.txt
extension: .txt
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110528/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020328
abstract: nan
summary:
  The World Health Organization (WHO) has published interim COVID-19 infection prevention and control (IPC) guidance, which focuses on administrative controls (including policy, guidance, training and triage practices), environmental controls (including ventilation and waste management) and personal protective equipment (PPE, including rational use thereof) [11] . South Africa responded "yes" to all readiness questions except one administrative control question: "is there a triaging system that can be applied to ARI in the health facilities?" Even in a country like South Africa which is relatively well-prepared for COVID-19, we must examine any additional resources which can be leveraged for an even more effective response. As the country rapidly prepares for mitigating community spread through actions like a nationwide lockdown and travel restrictions, ensuring a coordinated infection prevention and control response at the facility-level can further improve these gains and can ensure that South Africa leverages all possible resources [16, 17] .


id: cord-340663-zylk61ll
title: The perils of COVID-19 in Nepal: Implications for population health and nutritional status
author: Singh, Devendra Raj
date: 2020-06-17
txt: ./txt/cord-340663-zylk61ll.txt
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extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582440/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010378
abstract: nan
summary:
  There is a growing concern that the long-term extension of lockdown strategy can severely affect the health and nutrition security of the poor and vulnerable population in Nepal. The current lockdown has already exacerbated the health risks and health care resources, and are likely to continue beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. We examine how COVID-19 lockdown impacts public health systems and nutritional outcomes in Nepal. As health systems continue to combat COVID-19, Nepal is at high risk of facing detrimental effects on (public) health care, further constraining the health resources of the country. Historically, Nepal has been facing food and nutrition security challenges with the highest prevalence of double and triple burden of malnutrition [13] . Equally important, health systems should ensure critical care interventions to screen, diagnose, and treat COVID-19 patients across the country.


id: cord-343172-9o4p0q0q
title: The COVID-19 containment in Vietnam: What are we doing?
author: Huynh, Toan Luu Duc
date: 2020-04-15
txt: ./txt/cord-343172-9o4p0q0q.txt
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extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32373318/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010338
abstract: nan
summary:
  T his viewpoint provides an explanation from the public health policies of Vietnamese government to contain the contagious disease with regard to COVID-19 pandemic. A combination of an early lockdown, increase in "virality" of the health information, encouragement in health declaration, regulation for wearing mask in the public, and country'' s unity have been the effective ways to cope with this deadly virus in Vietnam, a developing country, which became the first country to halt the SARS spread successfully in 2003. Instead of forcing the citizens with the compulsory regulation, the Vietnam government did well to disseminate nudging-behavior policies, which can increase the "virality" of the information [4] . According to the Ministry of Information and Technology, about 6 billion messages have been sent to the Vietnamese citizens to raise their awareness about the hand-washing, self-quarantine, self-checking health, etc. Although the COVID-19 pandemic is a complex global challenge, the timely actions conducted by the Vietnamese authorities are appreciated based on behavioral economics [7] .


id: cord-347535-tgou78o7
title: Zero confirmed cases: The ways we curb COVID-19 in Taiwanese prisons
author: Goh, Kah Kheng
date: 2020-08-23
txt: ./txt/cord-347535-tgou78o7.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-347535-tgou78o7.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110567/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020377
abstract: nan
summary:
  Accessibility to health service, testing capacity, the supply of personal protective equipment are budget-constrained and are not being prioritized for inmates Zero confirmed cases: The ways we curb COVID-19 in Taiwanese prisons [5] . As a solution to mitigate the harms of COVID-19 outbreak in prison [7] , several countries including Iran, France, Italy, Child, USA, and Indonesia have taken action to reduce the prison population by releasing "low-risk" offenders. Measures have included the establishment of the joint planning and central command with Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC), the prevention, control, and risk management among the prisoners, the cooperation and involvement of prison staffs, and the environment sanitizing. To minimize the risk of COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwanese prisons, several steps have been taken, including the establishment of the joint planning and central command with CECC, the prevention, control, and risk management among the prisoners, the cooperation and involvement of prison staffs, and the environment sanitizing.


id: cord-348743-fy7le3ar
author: Bellizzi, Saverio
date: 2020-07-27
txt: ./txt/cord-348743-fy7le3ar.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-348743-fy7le3ar.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110522/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020320
abstract: nan
summary:
  Specifically, the Atlas tracks government policies on access to contraceptive methods, family planning counselling and the provision of online information on contraception in 46 European states. Access to contraception is not just a low-and middleincome countries issue: In the 2019 European Contraception Atlas, Italy ranked just 26th out of the total 46 countries for various reasons such as the very limited provision of free contraception as well as under-resourced and understaffed family planning centers. Despite the disruption due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential to ensure that women can have control over their bodies and their sexual and reproductive life, and protect the access to modern contraceptives and family planning services for both men and women. Despite the disruption due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential to ensure that women can have control over their bodies and their sexual and reproductive life, and protect the access to modern contraceptives and family planning services for both men and women.

title:
  Access to modern methods of contraception in Italy: Will the COVID-19 pandemic be aggravating the issue?


id: cord-351384-z6t7csg8
title: Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy and Spain: Lessons in Response Urgency
author: Montesó-Curto, Pilar
date: 2020-07-28
txt: ./txt/cord-351384-z6t7csg8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-351384-z6t7csg8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020326
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020326
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy and Spain: Lessons in Response Urgency It took the Italian government just two weeks to react firmly with the laws enacted on March 7 to establish a "red zone" throughout the country, which is when it closed all shops, except pharmacies and food stores, and banned entry and exit from the country. Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and Spain: Lessons in response urgency Pilar Montesó-Curto 1 , Laura Sánchez-Montesó 2 , Fabio Stefano Maramao 2 , Loren Toussaint 3 Then, on March 13, the Government of Catalonia decreed the "confinement" of several municipalities due to a cluster within the epidemic that caused an exponential increase in cases of COVID-19 in Igualada, Vilanova del Camí, Santa Margarida de Montbui i Òdena [5] . A "state of emergency" in Spain was finally declared through a royal decree (463/2020) [6] on March 14 for a period of 15 calendar days.


id: cord-354339-tchu91av
author: Shahzad, Naeem
date: 2020-05-06
txt: ./txt/cord-354339-tchu91av.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-354339-tchu91av.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010353
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010353
abstract: nan
summary:
  Photo: Nurse wearing locally produced low cost COVID-19 kit and filling the score card from a suspected patient for initial screening and triage at the emergency control room (from the collection of Dr Naeem Shahzad, used with permission). Therefore, this study has made an effort to design a rapid assessment score card using bottom up approach starting from community level which will help the low-income and developing countries to ascertain the suspected COVID-19 cases at community level. To develop an effective tool for patient screening without overburdening the health care infrastructure while still not compromising the control over the spread of the disease and preventive measures, an effective score card has been developed covering numerous effective parameters for rapid assessment of the probable COIVD-19 cases, as shown in Figure 1 .

title:
  Rapid assessment of COVID-19 suspected cases: A community based approach for developing countries like Pakistan


