Carrel name: journal-jGenInternMed-cord Creating study carrel named journal-jGenInternMed-cord Initializing database file: cache/cord-259952-58q4ma92.json key: cord-259952-58q4ma92 authors: Ganson, Kyle T.; Weiser, Sheri D.; Tsai, Alexander C.; Nagata, Jason M. title: Associations between Anxiety and Depression Symptoms and Medical Care Avoidance during COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06156-8 sha: doc_id: 259952 cord_uid: 58q4ma92 file: cache/cord-260322-b2493coe.json key: cord-260322-b2493coe authors: Mehring, William M.; Poksay, Andrew; Kriege, Jesse; Prasannappa, Rithvik; Wang, Michael D.; Hendel, Chris; Hochman, Michael title: Initial Experience with a COVID-19 Web-Based Patient Self-assessment Tool date: 2020-06-15 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05893-0 sha: doc_id: 260322 cord_uid: b2493coe file: cache/cord-266266-ekxnn9bo.json key: cord-266266-ekxnn9bo authors: Miyawaki, Atsushi; Hasegawa, Kohei; Tsugawa, Yusuke title: Lessons from Influenza Outbreaks for Potential Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Hospitalizations, Ventilator Use, and Mortality Among Homeless Persons in New York State date: 2020-06-04 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05876-1 sha: doc_id: 266266 cord_uid: ekxnn9bo file: cache/cord-280410-j32tuj5s.json key: cord-280410-j32tuj5s authors: Rose, Adam J.; Ellen, Moriah E. title: COVID-Related Disruption—Finding the Silver Lining date: 2020-08-31 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06173-7 sha: doc_id: 280410 cord_uid: j32tuj5s file: cache/cord-301399-s2i6qfjn.json key: cord-301399-s2i6qfjn authors: Rana, Jamal S.; Khan, Sadiya S.; Lloyd-Jones, Donald M.; Sidney, Stephen title: Changes in Mortality in Top 10 Causes of Death from 2011 to 2018 date: 2020-07-23 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06070-z sha: doc_id: 301399 cord_uid: s2i6qfjn file: cache/cord-284795-0eoyxz78.json key: cord-284795-0eoyxz78 authors: Khetan, Aditya K. title: COVID-19: Why Declining Biodiversity Puts Us at Greater Risk for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and What We Can Do date: 2020-06-25 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05977-x sha: doc_id: 284795 cord_uid: 0eoyxz78 file: cache/cord-267114-tvoi6a7q.json key: cord-267114-tvoi6a7q authors: Abdus, Salam title: Financial Burdens of Out-of-Pocket Prescription Drug Expenditures under High-Deductible Health Plans date: 2020-09-18 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06226-x sha: doc_id: 267114 cord_uid: tvoi6a7q file: cache/cord-261173-lnjh56ts.json key: cord-261173-lnjh56ts authors: Misra-Hebert, Anita D.; Jehi, Lara; Ji, Xinge; Nowacki, Amy S.; Gordon, Steven; Terpeluk, Paul; Chung, Mina K.; Mehra, Reena; Dell, Katherine M.; Pennell, Nathan; Hamilton, Aaron; Milinovich, Alex; Kattan, Michael W.; Young, James B. title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers’ Risk of Infection and Outcomes in a Large, Integrated Health System date: 2020-09-01 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06171-9 sha: doc_id: 261173 cord_uid: lnjh56ts file: cache/cord-002095-47dbqu2r.json key: cord-002095-47dbqu2r authors: Al-Helou, Georges; Anklesaria, Zafia; Kohlwes, Jeffrey; Ahari, Jalil; Dhaliwal, Gurpreet title: When the Illness Goes Off Script—An Exercise in Clinical Reasoning date: 2016-03-14 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-016-3632-3 sha: doc_id: 2095 cord_uid: 47dbqu2r file: cache/cord-283862-k6b4vyut.json key: cord-283862-k6b4vyut authors: Bates, Carol K.; Jackson, Jeff; Asch, Steven title: From the Editor’s Desk: JGIM and COVID-19 date: 2020-04-22 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05852-9 sha: doc_id: 283862 cord_uid: k6b4vyut file: cache/cord-307946-1olapsmv.json key: cord-307946-1olapsmv authors: Xu, Zhijie; Ye, Yuanqu; Wang, Yang; Qian, Yi; Pan, Jianjiang; Lu, Yiting; Fang, Lizheng title: Primary Care Practitioners’ Barriers to and Experience of COVID-19 Epidemic Control in China: a Qualitative Study date: 2020-08-31 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06107-3 sha: doc_id: 307946 cord_uid: 1olapsmv file: cache/cord-270876-kul6bs3w.json key: cord-270876-kul6bs3w authors: Morris, Nathaniel P. title: Virtual Visits and the Future of No-Shows date: 2020-06-08 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05948-2 sha: doc_id: 270876 cord_uid: kul6bs3w file: cache/cord-271599-1yu1yl12.json key: cord-271599-1yu1yl12 authors: Bailey, Stacy Cooper; Serper, Marina; Opsasnick, Lauren; Persell, Stephen D.; O’Conor, Rachel; Curtis, Laura M.; Benavente, Julia Yoshino; Wismer, Guisselle; Batio, Stephanie; Eifler, Morgan; Zheng, Pauline; Russell, Andrea; Arvanitis, Marina; Ladner, Daniela P.; Kwasny, Mary J.; Rowe, Theresa; Linder, Jeffrey A.; Wolf, Michael S. title: Changes in COVID-19 Knowledge, Beliefs, Behaviors, and Preparedness Among High-Risk Adults from the Onset to the Acceleration Phase of the US Outbreak date: 2020-09-01 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05980-2 sha: doc_id: 271599 cord_uid: 1yu1yl12 file: cache/cord-297935-fk9j7q67.json key: cord-297935-fk9j7q67 authors: Wilson, Ellen K.; Siegfried, Noëlle Richa; Sorensen, Asta V. title: Patients’ and Caregivers’ Experiences with the Multi-Payer Advanced Primary Care Practice Demonstration date: 2020-09-11 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06177-3 sha: doc_id: 297935 cord_uid: fk9j7q67 file: cache/cord-272679-dobaci5p.json key: cord-272679-dobaci5p authors: Yan, Brandon W.; Hsia, Renee Y.; Yeung, Victoria; Sloan, Frank A. title: Changes in Mental Health Following the 2016 Presidential Election date: 2020-10-31 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06328-6 sha: doc_id: 272679 cord_uid: dobaci5p file: cache/cord-283917-jumgb0hs.json key: cord-283917-jumgb0hs authors: Li, Hang Long; Cheung, Bernard M. Y. title: The Proportion of Adult Americans at Risk of Severe COVID-19 Illness date: 2020-10-26 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06325-9 sha: doc_id: 283917 cord_uid: jumgb0hs file: cache/cord-304839-lesa5u2n.json key: cord-304839-lesa5u2n authors: Jiang, Fang; Deng, Liehua; Zhang, Liangqing; Cai, Yin; Cheung, Chi Wai; Xia, Zhengyuan title: Review of the Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-04 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05762-w sha: doc_id: 304839 cord_uid: lesa5u2n file: cache/cord-339508-nf6ov39g.json key: cord-339508-nf6ov39g authors: Weil, Ana A.; Newman, Kira L.; Ong, Thuan D.; Davidson, Giana H.; Logue, Jennifer; Brandstetter, Elisabeth; Magedson, Ariana; McDonald, Dylan; McCulloch, Denise J.; Neme, Santiago; Lewis, James; Duchin, Jeff S.; Zhong, Weizhi; Starita, Lea M.; Bedford, Trevor; Roxby, Alison C.; Chu, Helen Y. title: Cross-Sectional Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Skilled Nursing Facility Employees and Residents Across Facilities in Seattle date: 2020-09-01 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06165-7 sha: doc_id: 339508 cord_uid: nf6ov39g file: cache/cord-332728-72yq43sw.json key: cord-332728-72yq43sw authors: Flentje, Annesa; Obedin-Maliver, Juno; Lubensky, Micah E.; Dastur, Zubin; Neilands, Torsten; Lunn, Mitchell R. title: Depression and Anxiety Changes Among Sexual and Gender Minority People Coinciding with Onset of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-17 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05970-4 sha: doc_id: 332728 cord_uid: 72yq43sw file: cache/cord-347454-zs909ldm.json key: cord-347454-zs909ldm authors: DePuccio, Matthew J.; Di Tosto, Gennaro; Walker, Daniel M.; McAlearney, Ann Scheck title: Patients’ Perceptions About Medical Record Privacy and Security: Implications for Withholding of Information During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-31 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05998-6 sha: doc_id: 347454 cord_uid: zs909ldm file: cache/cord-337120-irpm5g7g.json key: cord-337120-irpm5g7g authors: Lee, Bruce Y. title: The Role of Internists During Epidemics, Outbreaks, and Bioterrorist Attacks date: 2007-01-13 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-006-0030-2 sha: doc_id: 337120 cord_uid: irpm5g7g file: cache/cord-332729-f1e334g0.json key: cord-332729-f1e334g0 authors: Shah, Nirav R.; Lai, Debbie; Wang, C. Jason title: An Impact-Oriented Approach to Epidemiological Modeling date: 2020-09-21 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06230-1 sha: doc_id: 332729 cord_uid: f1e334g0 file: cache/cord-330368-rk31cwl4.json key: cord-330368-rk31cwl4 authors: Bowden, Kasey; Burnham, Ellen L.; Keniston, Angela; Levin, Dimitriy; Limes, Julia; Persoff, Jason; Thurman, Lindsay; Burden, Marisha title: Harnessing the Power of Hospitalists in Operational Disaster Planning: COVID-19 date: 2020-07-13 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05952-6 sha: doc_id: 330368 cord_uid: rk31cwl4 file: cache/cord-348026-t1jkeu3d.json key: cord-348026-t1jkeu3d authors: Ruhnke, Gregory W. title: Physician Supply During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: the Role of Hazard Pay date: 2020-06-10 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05931-x sha: doc_id: 348026 cord_uid: t1jkeu3d file: cache/cord-339701-j0sr3ifq.json key: cord-339701-j0sr3ifq authors: Mikami, Takahisa; Miyashita, Hirotaka; Yamada, Takayuki; Harrington, Matthew; Steinberg, Daniel; Dunn, Andrew; Siau, Evan title: Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 in New York City date: 2020-06-30 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05983-z sha: doc_id: 339701 cord_uid: j0sr3ifq file: cache/cord-355851-t8xh6327.json key: cord-355851-t8xh6327 authors: Goodman, Christopher W.; Brett, Allan S. title: Accessibility of Virtual Visits for Urgent Care Among US Hospitals: a Descriptive Analysis date: 2020-05-18 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05888-x sha: doc_id: 355851 cord_uid: t8xh6327 file: cache/cord-317440-898r34h2.json key: cord-317440-898r34h2 authors: Meiselbach, Mark K.; Bai, Ge; Anderson, Gerard F. title: Charges of COVID-19 Diagnostic Testing and Antibody Testing Across Facility Types and States date: 2020-09-15 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06198-y sha: doc_id: 317440 cord_uid: 898r34h2 file: cache/cord-322066-m8dphaml.json key: cord-322066-m8dphaml authors: Kutscher, Eric; Kladney, Mat title: Primary Care Providers: Discuss COVID-19-Related Goals of Care with Your Vulnerable Patients Now date: 2020-05-06 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05862-7 sha: doc_id: 322066 cord_uid: m8dphaml file: cache/cord-325181-d2cqarep.json key: cord-325181-d2cqarep authors: Kusner, Jonathan; Mitchell, Andreas; Kenney, Bevin; Reiger, Sheridan F. title: An Underused Treatment Strategy: Voter Enfranchisement date: 2020-10-19 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06286-z sha: doc_id: 325181 cord_uid: d2cqarep file: cache/cord-339533-r0qsqjus.json key: cord-339533-r0qsqjus authors: Mein, Stephen A title: COVID-19 and Health Disparities: the Reality of “the Great Equalizer” date: 2020-05-14 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05880-5 sha: doc_id: 339533 cord_uid: r0qsqjus file: cache/cord-276026-etj5vpg5.json key: cord-276026-etj5vpg5 authors: Hu, Jiun-Ruey; Wang, Margaret; Lu, Francis title: COVID-19 and Asian American Pacific Islanders date: 2020-06-12 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05953-5 sha: doc_id: 276026 cord_uid: etj5vpg5 file: cache/cord-327463-uw3rhkf3.json key: cord-327463-uw3rhkf3 authors: Xiao, Roy; Rathi, Vinay K. title: Price Transparency for COVID-19 Testing Among Top US Hospitals date: 2020-09-18 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06197-z sha: doc_id: 327463 cord_uid: uw3rhkf3 file: cache/cord-350321-jy4i403g.json key: cord-350321-jy4i403g authors: Ku, Benson S.; Druss, Benjamin G. title: Associations Between Primary Care Provider Shortage Areas and County-Level COVID-19 Infection and Mortality Rates in the USA date: 2020-08-21 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06130-4 sha: doc_id: 350321 cord_uid: jy4i403g file: cache/cord-326399-ey8g4pom.json key: cord-326399-ey8g4pom authors: Phadke, Neelam A.; del Carmen, Marcela G.; Goldstein, Susan A.; Vagle, Jacqueline; Hidrue, Michael K.; Botti, Eirian Siegal; Wasfy, Jason H. title: Trends in Ambulatory Electronic Consultations During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-18 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05878-z sha: doc_id: 326399 cord_uid: ey8g4pom file: cache/cord-352726-ep0xfen2.json key: cord-352726-ep0xfen2 authors: Ali, Mohammed K.; Shah, Deep J.; del Rio, Carlos title: Preparing Primary Care for COVID-20 date: 2020-06-09 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05945-5 sha: doc_id: 352726 cord_uid: ep0xfen2 file: cache/cord-336577-uvnbgsds.json key: cord-336577-uvnbgsds authors: Salazar, James W.; Sharpe, Bradley; Raffel, Katie title: Sunset Rounds: a Framework for Post-death Care in the Hospital date: 2020-10-01 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06249-4 sha: doc_id: 336577 cord_uid: uvnbgsds file: cache/cord-349099-s33nd9hz.json key: cord-349099-s33nd9hz authors: Gaffney, Adam W.; Himmelstein, David; Bor, David; McCormick, Danny; Woolhandler, Steffie title: Home Sick with Coronavirus Symptoms: a National Study, April–May 2020 date: 2020-09-10 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06159-5 sha: doc_id: 349099 cord_uid: s33nd9hz file: cache/cord-286679-g67ewzlp.json key: cord-286679-g67ewzlp authors: Ordaz-Johnson, Omar H.; Croff, Raina L.; Robinson, LaTroy D.; Shea, Steven A.; Bowles, Nicole P. title: More Than a Statistic: a Qualitative Study of COVID-19 Treatment and Prevention Optimization for Black Americans date: 2020-10-06 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06259-2 sha: doc_id: 286679 cord_uid: g67ewzlp file: cache/cord-305110-mujpekyu.json key: cord-305110-mujpekyu authors: Cloud, David H.; Ahalt, Cyrus; Augustine, Dallas; Sears, David; Williams, Brie title: Medical Isolation and Solitary Confinement: Balancing Health and Humanity in US Jails and Prisons During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-06 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05968-y sha: doc_id: 305110 cord_uid: mujpekyu file: cache/cord-306352-agppehpz.json key: cord-306352-agppehpz authors: Christensen, Daniel Mølager; Strange, Jarl Emanuel; Gislason, Gunnar; Torp-Pedersen, Christian; Gerds, Thomas; Fosbøl, Emil; Phelps, Matthew title: Charlson Comorbidity Index Score and Risk of Severe Outcome and Death in Danish COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-24 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05991-z sha: doc_id: 306352 cord_uid: agppehpz Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named journal-jGenInternMed-cord === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280410-j32tuj5s author: Rose, Adam J. title: COVID-Related Disruption—Finding the Silver Lining date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280410-j32tuj5s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280410-j32tuj5s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280410-j32tuj5s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266266-ekxnn9bo author: Miyawaki, Atsushi title: Lessons from Influenza Outbreaks for Potential Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Hospitalizations, Ventilator Use, and Mortality Among Homeless Persons in New York State date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266266-ekxnn9bo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266266-ekxnn9bo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266266-ekxnn9bo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301399-s2i6qfjn author: Rana, Jamal S. title: Changes in Mortality in Top 10 Causes of Death from 2011 to 2018 date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301399-s2i6qfjn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301399-s2i6qfjn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301399-s2i6qfjn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283862-k6b4vyut author: Bates, Carol K. title: From the Editor’s Desk: JGIM and COVID-19 date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283862-k6b4vyut.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283862-k6b4vyut.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-283862-k6b4vyut.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260322-b2493coe author: Mehring, William M. title: Initial Experience with a COVID-19 Web-Based Patient Self-assessment Tool date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260322-b2493coe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260322-b2493coe.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260322-b2493coe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347454-zs909ldm author: DePuccio, Matthew J. title: Patients’ Perceptions About Medical Record Privacy and Security: Implications for Withholding of Information During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347454-zs909ldm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347454-zs909ldm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347454-zs909ldm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286679-g67ewzlp author: Ordaz-Johnson, Omar H. title: More Than a Statistic: a Qualitative Study of COVID-19 Treatment and Prevention Optimization for Black Americans date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286679-g67ewzlp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286679-g67ewzlp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286679-g67ewzlp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270876-kul6bs3w author: Morris, Nathaniel P. title: Virtual Visits and the Future of No-Shows date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270876-kul6bs3w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270876-kul6bs3w.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270876-kul6bs3w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348026-t1jkeu3d author: Ruhnke, Gregory W. title: Physician Supply During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: the Role of Hazard Pay date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348026-t1jkeu3d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348026-t1jkeu3d.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348026-t1jkeu3d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259952-58q4ma92 author: Ganson, Kyle T. title: Associations between Anxiety and Depression Symptoms and Medical Care Avoidance during COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259952-58q4ma92.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259952-58q4ma92.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-259952-58q4ma92.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317440-898r34h2 author: Meiselbach, Mark K. title: Charges of COVID-19 Diagnostic Testing and Antibody Testing Across Facility Types and States date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317440-898r34h2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317440-898r34h2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317440-898r34h2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306352-agppehpz author: Christensen, Daniel Mølager title: Charlson Comorbidity Index Score and Risk of Severe Outcome and Death in Danish COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306352-agppehpz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306352-agppehpz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306352-agppehpz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355851-t8xh6327 author: Goodman, Christopher W. title: Accessibility of Virtual Visits for Urgent Care Among US Hospitals: a Descriptive Analysis date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355851-t8xh6327.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355851-t8xh6327.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355851-t8xh6327.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332728-72yq43sw author: Flentje, Annesa title: Depression and Anxiety Changes Among Sexual and Gender Minority People Coinciding with Onset of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332728-72yq43sw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332728-72yq43sw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332728-72yq43sw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267114-tvoi6a7q author: Abdus, Salam title: Financial Burdens of Out-of-Pocket Prescription Drug Expenditures under High-Deductible Health Plans date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267114-tvoi6a7q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267114-tvoi6a7q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267114-tvoi6a7q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350321-jy4i403g author: Ku, Benson S. title: Associations Between Primary Care Provider Shortage Areas and County-Level COVID-19 Infection and Mortality Rates in the USA date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350321-jy4i403g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350321-jy4i403g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350321-jy4i403g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283917-jumgb0hs author: Li, Hang Long title: The Proportion of Adult Americans at Risk of Severe COVID-19 Illness date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283917-jumgb0hs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283917-jumgb0hs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283917-jumgb0hs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326399-ey8g4pom author: Phadke, Neelam A. title: Trends in Ambulatory Electronic Consultations During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326399-ey8g4pom.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326399-ey8g4pom.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-326399-ey8g4pom.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322066-m8dphaml author: Kutscher, Eric title: Primary Care Providers: Discuss COVID-19-Related Goals of Care with Your Vulnerable Patients Now date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322066-m8dphaml.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322066-m8dphaml.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322066-m8dphaml.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-002095-47dbqu2r author: Al-Helou, Georges title: When the Illness Goes Off Script—An Exercise in Clinical Reasoning date: 2016-03-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-002095-47dbqu2r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-002095-47dbqu2r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-002095-47dbqu2r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276026-etj5vpg5 author: Hu, Jiun-Ruey title: COVID-19 and Asian American Pacific Islanders date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276026-etj5vpg5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276026-etj5vpg5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-276026-etj5vpg5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327463-uw3rhkf3 author: Xiao, Roy title: Price Transparency for COVID-19 Testing Among Top US Hospitals date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327463-uw3rhkf3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327463-uw3rhkf3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327463-uw3rhkf3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339533-r0qsqjus author: Mein, Stephen A title: COVID-19 and Health Disparities: the Reality of “the Great Equalizer” date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339533-r0qsqjus.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339533-r0qsqjus.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339533-r0qsqjus.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284795-0eoyxz78 author: Khetan, Aditya K. title: COVID-19: Why Declining Biodiversity Puts Us at Greater Risk for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and What We Can Do date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284795-0eoyxz78.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284795-0eoyxz78.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284795-0eoyxz78.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304839-lesa5u2n author: Jiang, Fang title: Review of the Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304839-lesa5u2n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304839-lesa5u2n.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304839-lesa5u2n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336577-uvnbgsds author: Salazar, James W. title: Sunset Rounds: a Framework for Post-death Care in the Hospital date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336577-uvnbgsds.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336577-uvnbgsds.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-336577-uvnbgsds.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339508-nf6ov39g author: Weil, Ana A. title: Cross-Sectional Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Skilled Nursing Facility Employees and Residents Across Facilities in Seattle date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339508-nf6ov39g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339508-nf6ov39g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-339508-nf6ov39g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332729-f1e334g0 author: Shah, Nirav R. title: An Impact-Oriented Approach to Epidemiological Modeling date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332729-f1e334g0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332729-f1e334g0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332729-f1e334g0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352726-ep0xfen2 author: Ali, Mohammed K. title: Preparing Primary Care for COVID-20 date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352726-ep0xfen2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352726-ep0xfen2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352726-ep0xfen2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349099-s33nd9hz author: Gaffney, Adam W. title: Home Sick with Coronavirus Symptoms: a National Study, April–May 2020 date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349099-s33nd9hz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349099-s33nd9hz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349099-s33nd9hz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325181-d2cqarep author: Kusner, Jonathan title: An Underused Treatment Strategy: Voter Enfranchisement date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325181-d2cqarep.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325181-d2cqarep.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325181-d2cqarep.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271599-1yu1yl12 author: Bailey, Stacy Cooper title: Changes in COVID-19 Knowledge, Beliefs, Behaviors, and Preparedness Among High-Risk Adults from the Onset to the Acceleration Phase of the US Outbreak date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271599-1yu1yl12.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271599-1yu1yl12.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271599-1yu1yl12.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261173-lnjh56ts author: Misra-Hebert, Anita D. title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers’ Risk of Infection and Outcomes in a Large, Integrated Health System date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261173-lnjh56ts.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261173-lnjh56ts.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261173-lnjh56ts.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330368-rk31cwl4 author: Bowden, Kasey title: Harnessing the Power of Hospitalists in Operational Disaster Planning: COVID-19 date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330368-rk31cwl4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330368-rk31cwl4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330368-rk31cwl4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305110-mujpekyu author: Cloud, David H. title: Medical Isolation and Solitary Confinement: Balancing Health and Humanity in US Jails and Prisons During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305110-mujpekyu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305110-mujpekyu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305110-mujpekyu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272679-dobaci5p author: Yan, Brandon W. title: Changes in Mental Health Following the 2016 Presidential Election date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272679-dobaci5p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272679-dobaci5p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272679-dobaci5p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307946-1olapsmv author: Xu, Zhijie title: Primary Care Practitioners’ Barriers to and Experience of COVID-19 Epidemic Control in China: a Qualitative Study date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307946-1olapsmv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307946-1olapsmv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307946-1olapsmv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339701-j0sr3ifq author: Mikami, Takahisa title: Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 in New York City date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339701-j0sr3ifq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339701-j0sr3ifq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339701-j0sr3ifq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337120-irpm5g7g author: Lee, Bruce Y. title: The Role of Internists During Epidemics, Outbreaks, and Bioterrorist Attacks date: 2007-01-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337120-irpm5g7g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337120-irpm5g7g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337120-irpm5g7g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297935-fk9j7q67 author: Wilson, Ellen K. title: Patients’ and Caregivers’ Experiences with the Multi-Payer Advanced Primary Care Practice Demonstration date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297935-fk9j7q67.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297935-fk9j7q67.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297935-fk9j7q67.txt' Que is empty; done journal-jGenInternMed-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301399-s2i6qfjn author = Rana, Jamal S. title = Changes in Mortality in Top 10 Causes of Death from 2011 to 2018 date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 795 sentences = 49 flesch = 71 summary = Therefore, we examined changes in the number of deaths and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) attributed to the top 10 causes of death between 2011 and 2018, the last year we have data available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We chose 2011 as the start date because of earlier work showing a transition in 2011 in 2 of the top 10 causes of death (heart disease and stroke) from a long-term decline to increasing numbers of deaths since then. Important patterns of change in AAMR in the past decade have been previously noted, from stalling of the decline in mortality due to heart disease 1 to decrease in life expectancy attributed to drug overdoses and suicides among young and middle-aged adults. Further, the ≥ 65 years population is projected to increase by 39% from 52.4 million in 2018 to 73.1 million in 2030 3 so that the number of deaths from most of the 10 leading causes can be expected to increase unless more effective preventive and therapeutic interventions can be implemented. cache = ./cache/cord-301399-s2i6qfjn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301399-s2i6qfjn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266266-ekxnn9bo author = Miyawaki, Atsushi title = Lessons from Influenza Outbreaks for Potential Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Hospitalizations, Ventilator Use, and Mortality Among Homeless Persons in New York State date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 796 sentences = 54 flesch = 49 summary = title: Lessons from Influenza Outbreaks for Potential Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Hospitalizations, Ventilator Use, and Mortality Among Homeless Persons in New York State To address this knowledge gap, using influenza outbreaks as an example, we investigated health care use among the homeless population hospitalized in New York State. 5 Next, we compared the utilization of care and patient outcomes (hospitalization through emergency department [ED], mechanical ventilation use [non-invasive or invasive], and in-hospital death) between homeless versus nonhomeless patients using multivariable modified Poisson regression models. Homeless patients experienced a higher rate of hospitalization for influenza than non-homeless persons throughout the observation period (Fig. 1) . The difference was particularly salient for the pandemic of H1N1 influenza in 2009: hospitalization rates were 2.9 per 1000 for homeless versus 0.1 per 1000 for non-homeless populations. Using the population-based data, including all hospitalizations for influenza in New York, we found that homeless persons had higher utilization of care compared with non-homeless persons. cache = ./cache/cord-266266-ekxnn9bo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266266-ekxnn9bo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280410-j32tuj5s author = Rose, Adam J. title = COVID-Related Disruption—Finding the Silver Lining date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 786 sentences = 47 flesch = 72 summary = Growing evidence shows that many non-COVID patients have stayed home with obvious heart attack symptoms rather than coming into the hospital, for fear of catching This has led to patients dying at home, increases in otherwise rare complications such as ventricular wall rupture, 2 and generally to unnecessarily severe complications from events that might have been easily managed under usual circumstances. Cancer treatment has been delayed or disrupted in many cases, despite valiant efforts by healthcare workers to continue it. COVID-19 has not been good for medical care delivery, for patients, or for healthcare workers. While some (or even many) disruptions have been bad for patients and the healthcare system, others seem to have been helpful. Certainly, readers can furnish many examples of how COVID-19 has been bad for care delivery in their area of expertise, their clinic, or their hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-280410-j32tuj5s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280410-j32tuj5s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260322-b2493coe author = Mehring, William M. title = Initial Experience with a COVID-19 Web-Based Patient Self-assessment Tool date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 688 sentences = 38 flesch = 52 summary = title: Initial Experience with a COVID-19 Web-Based Patient Self-assessment Tool As the COVID-19 pandemic spreads, patients experiencing symptoms potentially attributable to the disease require timely assessment. Automated assessment tools-such as digital self-assessment applications-offer a potential strategy for providing guidance to patients without requiring direct attention from healthcare professionals. [2] [3] [4] Our team recently developed a web-based COVID-19 selfassessment tool, available in English and Spanish, offering guidance for patients experiencing potential COVID-19 symptoms. A total of 276,560 assessments were completed, and users reported symptoms potentially attributable to COVID-19 69.6% of the time. Of those with mild symptoms, 7.1% reported direct exposure to someone with confirmed COVID-19; for these users, our tool recommends consideration of telephone consultation with a healthcare professional to determine the need for testing. In our analysis of almost 300,000 digital self-assessments from our COVID-19 self-assessment tool, 69.6% of users reported symptoms potentially attributable to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-260322-b2493coe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260322-b2493coe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259952-58q4ma92 author = Ganson, Kyle T. title = Associations between Anxiety and Depression Symptoms and Medical Care Avoidance during COVID-19 date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 958 sentences = 59 flesch = 55 summary = Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, emergency health care utilization has acutely declined by 23% for heart attacks, 20% for strokes, and 10% for hyperglycemic crises. We fitted modified multivariable Poisson regression models to estimate the associations between four mental health symptoms (nervous, anxious, or on edge; not being able to stop or control worrying; little interest or pleasure in doing things; feeling down, depressed, or hopeless) in the past 7 days and medical care avoidance (delayed medical care; needed non-coronavirus medical care but did not get it) due to the coronavirus pandemic in the past 4 weeks. Individuals who experience all four symptoms of anxiety and depression had higher adjusted relative risk ratios of delayed medical care and not receiving needed non-coronavirus medical care, after adjustment for potential confounders (Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-259952-58q4ma92.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259952-58q4ma92.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-002095-47dbqu2r author = Al-Helou, Georges title = When the Illness Goes Off Script—An Exercise in Clinical Reasoning date = 2016-03-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2844 sentences = 184 flesch = 44 summary = The clinician triggers the illness scripts of familiar diseases such as viral or bacterial respiratory infections and tick-borne infections to compare to his problem representation. While disseminated endemic fungal infections can cause fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, and pulmonary disease, an acute presentation with widespread skin lesions would be more likely in an immunocompromised patient. The problem representation is now fever, hypotension (resolved), diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, widespread lymphadenopathy, disseminated rash (resolved), leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, DIC, severe AKI, and mild hepatitis with no evident infection. It is the mismatch between common illness scripts (pleural) 5 and a patient's presentation that prompts diagnosticians to consider rare diseases. Rare diseases such as HLH were considered only after the discussant found irreconcilable mismatches with the illness scripts of more common conditions. When clinicians know the illness scripts of common diseases well enough to recognize telltale deviations from the norm, they can trigger the consideration of rare conditions and request help from colleagues and other resources that will ultimately lead to a diagnosis. cache = ./cache/cord-002095-47dbqu2r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-002095-47dbqu2r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283862-k6b4vyut author = Bates, Carol K. title = From the Editor’s Desk: JGIM and COVID-19 date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 588 sentences = 38 flesch = 59 summary = We have expedited this "From the Editor's Desk" even though it will not necessarily refer to articles in the same printed issue as has been our habit. Similarly, we have considered papers on materials that are behind the VA firewall and inaccessible to readers who do not work in the VA. For COVID-19 papers, we have considered the question of whether we should publish material that has also been in the lay press. Editorial guidance on the question of secondary publication comes from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). While not mentioned in ICMJE guidance, duplicate publication is also misleading in assessing promotion metrics in the overweighting of a body of work. ICMJE does have a proviso for public emergencies, stating that "…information with immediate implications for public health should be disseminated without concern that this will preclude subsequent consideration for publication in a journal." Therefore, while we recognize the risk that COVID-19-themed publications may put forward ideas that have already been disseminated in other settings, we are willing to take this risk and welcome submissions that may fall into that category. cache = ./cache/cord-283862-k6b4vyut.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283862-k6b4vyut.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267114-tvoi6a7q author = Abdus, Salam title = Financial Burdens of Out-of-Pocket Prescription Drug Expenditures under High-Deductible Health Plans date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1258 sentences = 60 flesch = 53 summary = Among low-income adults with employer-sponsored insurance who had multiple chronic conditions and were enrolled in high-deductible plans, about 14.3% had family out-ofpocket prescription drug expenditures exceeding 10 percent of family disposable income. While out-of-pocket costs for prescription drugs have decreased in recent years, 1 the results of this study suggest that for low-income adults with multiple chronic conditions who are enrolled in employer-sponsored high-deductible plans, out-of-pocket prescription drug costs may still result in significant financial hardships. Adults who reported being diagnosed with high blood pressure on two or more occasions were defined as having hypertension † Base group *,**,***Statistically significantly different, based on two-sample t tests, from the no-deductible plan enrollees at the 5%, 1%, or 0.1%, respectively The sample comprised adults ages 19 to 64 who were enrolled in employer-sponsored health insurance plans and no other coverage throughout the year FPL, federal poverty level Using the self-reported priority conditions in MEPS HC, the following diagnosed conditions were identified: Diabetes, asthma, hypertension, arthritis, heart diseases, cancer, chronic bronchitis, stroke, and emphysema. cache = ./cache/cord-267114-tvoi6a7q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267114-tvoi6a7q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297935-fk9j7q67 author = Wilson, Ellen K. title = Patients’ and Caregivers’ Experiences with the Multi-Payer Advanced Primary Care Practice Demonstration date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4934 sentences = 203 flesch = 50 summary = OBJECTIVE: To understand Medicaid and Medicare patient and caregiver experiences with PCMHs participating in the Multi-Payer Advanced Primary Care Practice (MAPCP) Demonstration. Separate groups were held for Medicare high-risk, Medicare low-risk, Medicaid, and dually eligible beneficiaries, their caregivers, and caregivers of Medicaid children (or, in Vermont, with patients participating in the Support and Services at Home program), in two different geographical areas in each state. In recent years, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and other payers have invested significant resources in testing the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model as a means to improve the organization and delivery of primary health care and reduce health care expenditures. Through CMS's involvement, Medicare partnered with Medicaid and commercial payers to make payments to participating primary care practices to support PCMH transformation activities, including extending office hours, staffing care teams, coordinating care, and enhancing electronic health record (EHR) capabilities. cache = ./cache/cord-297935-fk9j7q67.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297935-fk9j7q67.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283917-jumgb0hs author = Li, Hang Long title = The Proportion of Adult Americans at Risk of Severe COVID-19 Illness date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1275 sentences = 77 flesch = 60 summary = The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced on July 17, 2020, that conditions including obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are well-established risk factors predisposing individuals to severe illness from COVID-19. In this analysis, participants in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016 2 aged ≥ 20 years were included. There were minor differences in the percentage of people with ≥ 1 established and ≥ 1 any risk factor according to sex, ethnicity, education, and income level, but the percentages remained around 60% and 75%, respectively. This is the first study to estimate the proportion of the Americans in the general population at risk from severe COVID-19 illness using data from a nationally representative survey. 4 Our study shows that obesity and hypertension are the leading risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness, especially in those aged < 50 years. cache = ./cache/cord-283917-jumgb0hs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283917-jumgb0hs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261173-lnjh56ts author = Misra-Hebert, Anita D. title = Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers’ Risk of Infection and Outcomes in a Large, Integrated Health System date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3574 sentences = 166 flesch = 47 summary = In this study, we aimed to assess whether HCW are at higher risk for COVID-19 infection, COVID-19-related hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission compared to non-HCW using advanced statistical methodology to account for various confounders. 23 For the outcomes of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admission of COVID-19 testpositive patients, the propensity score covariates are those that were found associated with COVID-19 hospitalization outcome in our previous work including age, race, ethnicity, gender, smoking history, body mass index, median income, population per housing unit, presenting symptoms (including fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, diarrhea, vomiting), comorbidities (including asthma, hypertension, diabetes, immunosuppressive disease), medications (including immunosuppressive treatment, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]), and laboratory values (including pre-testing platelets, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, chloride, and potassium). [7] [8] [9] [10] 12 The fact that HCW identified as patient facing had a significantly higher odds for SARS-CoV-2 test positivity suggests an increased risk of COVID-19 infection with work exposure. cache = ./cache/cord-261173-lnjh56ts.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261173-lnjh56ts.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304839-lesa5u2n author = Jiang, Fang title = Review of the Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-03-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1896 sentences = 152 flesch = 57 summary = In late December 2019, a cluster of cases with 2019 Novel Coronavirus pneumonia (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, aroused worldwide concern. On January 7, 2020, researchers rapidly isolated a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, also referred to as 2019-nCoV) from confirmed infected pneumonia patients. 3 We reviewed the published clinical features, symptoms, complications, and treatments of patients with COVID-19 to help health workers around the world combat the current outbreak. Keywords used were "COVID-19," "2019 novel coronavirus," "SARS-CoV-2," "2019-nCoV," "Wuhan coronavirus," and "Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus." After careful screening, six published articles with confirmed cases were identified and included in this review. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-304839-lesa5u2n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304839-lesa5u2n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307946-1olapsmv author = Xu, Zhijie title = Primary Care Practitioners’ Barriers to and Experience of COVID-19 Epidemic Control in China: a Qualitative Study date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4552 sentences = 266 flesch = 45 summary = title: Primary Care Practitioners' Barriers to and Experience of COVID-19 Epidemic Control in China: a Qualitative Study Barriers to epidemic control in primary care included inappropriate PCP scheduling and role ambiguity, difficult tasks and inadequate capacities, and inexperienced community workers and insufficient cooperation. PCPs reported potential solutions for improving countermeasures, such as improving management, optimizing workflows, providing additional support, facilitating cooperation, and strengthening the primary care system. To understand PCPs' perceived barriers to and experience of performing their tasks in epidemic control, we recruited frontline PCPs in China and conducted in-depth interviews using a qualitative design. The government officials and medical experts irregularly visited the community/township health centers and inspected PCPs' daily practice of epidemic control, including the material preparation and arrangement, and held meetings to discuss the existing problems and potential solutions with PCPs. One participant stated, "It really troubled me that I had to accompany those supervisors, maybe 3 to 5 times a week, and show them what we had done with countless papers and forms and photos." Some instructions distributed to PCPs by supervisors were perceived as "scratching the surface". cache = ./cache/cord-307946-1olapsmv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307946-1olapsmv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271599-1yu1yl12 author = Bailey, Stacy Cooper title = Changes in COVID-19 Knowledge, Beliefs, Behaviors, and Preparedness Among High-Risk Adults from the Onset to the Acceleration Phase of the US Outbreak date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4054 sentences = 204 flesch = 54 summary = KEY RESULTS: From the onset to the acceleration phase, participants increasingly perceived COVID-19 to be a serious public health threat, reported more changes to their daily routine and plans, and reported greater preparedness. Individuals with low health literacy remained more likely to feel unprepared for the outbreak (RR 1.80, 95% CI 1.11–2.92, p = 0.02) and to express confidence in the federal government response (RR 2.11, 95% CI 1.49–3.00, p < 0.001) CONCLUSIONS: Adults at higher risk for COVID-19 continue to lack critical knowledge about prevention. Our first longitudinal assessment of the C3 study revealed that participants increasingly perceived COVID-19 to be a serious public health threat, reported more changes to their daily routine and plans, and had a greater sense of preparedness from the onset to the acceleration phase of the outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-271599-1yu1yl12.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271599-1yu1yl12.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270876-kul6bs3w author = Morris, Nathaniel P. title = Virtual Visits and the Future of No-Shows date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1301 sentences = 71 flesch = 53 summary = 2 By allowing patients to remotely attend appointments through audiovisual applications, virtual visits bring promise for decreasing outpatient no-shows. Patients can attend virtual visits from anywhere, including their homes, their workplaces, or even their parked cars, decreasing the burdens of making it to in-person appointments. In the study of general surgery outpatients from 2018, 123 (55%) of 223 patients reported they would prefer in-person appointments over virtual ones, even when accounting for the time and cost of coming to in-person appointments. 2 Patients and clinicians might struggle with setting up the technology needed for virtual visits, which might waste time and resources. For example, a 2019 study from Canada of home virtual visits for 75 patients at a stroke prevention clinic reported a no-show rate of 2 (3%) out of 81 appointments, but the study did not include comparisons of no-show rates for in-person clinic visits. Why do patients miss their appointments at primary care clinics? cache = ./cache/cord-270876-kul6bs3w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270876-kul6bs3w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272679-dobaci5p author = Yan, Brandon W. title = Changes in Mental Health Following the 2016 Presidential Election date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3869 sentences = 195 flesch = 60 summary = We used ordinary least squares linear regression to fit our model and applied BRFSS survey weights to obtain nationally representative estimates while adjusting for respondent's age group, sex, race/ethnicity, income, educational attainment, state, and 6 months of pre-November trends. In subgroup analysis, the rise in poor mental health days in Clinton states in December 2016 reflected increases in such days by adults aged 65 and older, women, and white individuals (Table 1) . In contrast, depression rates compared to October 2016 first rose statistically in Clinton states in January 2017 (2.1percentage point increase, SE 0.8, p = 0.008), 1 month following the rise in days of reported poor mental health (Fig. 2 ). Although other factors are likely contributory, the sustained mental health worsening in Clinton states in the 6 months following the election suggests that the potential effects of Trump's victory were not transitory, a hypothesis supported by a closely lagging rise in self-reported diagnoses of depression. cache = ./cache/cord-272679-dobaci5p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272679-dobaci5p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330368-rk31cwl4 author = Bowden, Kasey title = Harnessing the Power of Hospitalists in Operational Disaster Planning: COVID-19 date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2462 sentences = 107 flesch = 46 summary = Much of the disaster planning in hospitals around the country addresses overcrowded emergency departments and decompressing these locations; however, in the case of COVID-19, intensive care units, emergency departments, and medical wards ran the risk of being overwhelmed by a large influx of patients needing high-level medical care. In a matter of days, our Division of Hospital Medicine, in partnership with our hospital, health system, and academic institution, was able to modify and deploy existing disaster plans to quickly care for an influx of medically complex patients. Starting with preparedness models outlined by Persoff et al., 10 Frank et al., 8 the CHEST consensus statement, 11, 12 and our existing disaster plans, we developed a modified framework for hospital operations management and staffing, anticipating a massive influx of acutely ill, medically complex, and highly contagious patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-330368-rk31cwl4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330368-rk31cwl4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337120-irpm5g7g author = Lee, Bruce Y. title = The Role of Internists During Epidemics, Outbreaks, and Bioterrorist Attacks date = 2007-01-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3376 sentences = 208 flesch = 44 summary = Therefore, Internists must understand early warning signs of different bioterrorist and infectious agents, proper reporting channels and measures, various ways that they can assist the public health response, and roles of different local, state, and federal agencies. During the past half decade, well-publicized events, including the anthrax mail attacks, 1 Hurricane Katrina, 2 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 3, 4 have reminded us that epidemics, disease outbreaks, bioterrorist attacks, and natural disasters can occur. Therefore, Internists must understand early warning signs of bioterrorist and infectious agents, proper reporting channels and measures, and ways that they can help contain and treat the consequences of epidemics, outbreaks, and attacks. Internists suspecting an attack or epidemic should immediately inform the local or state health department and contain any possible threat in their clinics, especially if the agent is contagious. Bioterrorist attacks and epidemics require physicians to quickly transmit patient and case information to other health care personnel and appropriate authorities. cache = ./cache/cord-337120-irpm5g7g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337120-irpm5g7g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332728-72yq43sw author = Flentje, Annesa title = Depression and Anxiety Changes Among Sexual and Gender Minority People Coinciding with Onset of COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 881 sentences = 53 flesch = 53 summary = title: Depression and Anxiety Changes Among Sexual and Gender Minority People Coinciding with Onset of COVID-19 Pandemic Marginalized populations, such as sexual and gender minority people (i.e., non-heterosexual people and transgender or gender-expansive people, respectively) may be particularly at risk for adverse impacts of the pandemic due to preexisting economic and health factors. 1 We set out to document changes in depression and anxiety within The PRIDE Study, a longitudinal cohort of sexual and gender minority people, a vulnerable population. The PRIDE Study, a longitudinal cohort study of sexual and gender minority people, 2 were included if they completed mental health measures in the 2019 Annual Questionnaire (timepoint 1, June 2019-ongoing at time of data extraction) and in a COVID-19 impact ancillary study (timepoint 2, March 23, 2020, through April 19, 2020). A digital health research platform for community engagement, recruitment, and retention of sexual and gender minority adults in a national longitudinal cohort study-The PRIDE Study cache = ./cache/cord-332728-72yq43sw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332728-72yq43sw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348026-t1jkeu3d author = Ruhnke, Gregory W. title = Physician Supply During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: the Role of Hazard Pay date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1275 sentences = 66 flesch = 41 summary = 7 As a result, hazard pay offered to medical students willing to risk exposure to COVID-19 now may reduce their debt burden and potentiate the creation of more primary care physicians, a dearth of whom has been a significant health policy concern. However, there are several ways in which hazard pay might be financed based on local considerations and institutional structures: (a) small compulsory contributions from physicians (perhaps exempting those required to take unpaid furloughs) at a given institution not caring for COVID-19 patients by choice or due to risk factors for bad outcomes if infected; (b) public funding, such as the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2020; and (c) private foundations offering funding for COVID-19 response efforts. Hazard pay could of course be considered for all physicians risking their health to care for infected patients. cache = ./cache/cord-348026-t1jkeu3d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348026-t1jkeu3d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332729-f1e334g0 author = Shah, Nirav R. title = An Impact-Oriented Approach to Epidemiological Modeling date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1638 sentences = 115 flesch = 52 summary = 5 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently added policy development as a sixth item in its list of the major tasks of epidemiology in public health, but there remains no mention of the impact on the general public. For instance, the Covid Act Now (CAN) model is fully open-source, along with its data inputs (available at https://covidactnow.org). Both the New York Times and Georgetown University's Center for Global Health, Science, and Security (available at https://covidamp.org/) have begun to collect data on COVID-19 policies by state and effective dates, including shelter-in-place and reopening orders. These eight considerations may enable COVID-19 data and models to become better harbingers of actionable, behavior-changing, and even life-saving information; to bridge the gap between scientific public health expertise and mainstream, layperson Are the data and model's mechanisms and data sources publicly available for fact-checking and validation? cache = ./cache/cord-332729-f1e334g0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332729-f1e334g0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339508-nf6ov39g author = Weil, Ana A. title = Cross-Sectional Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Skilled Nursing Facility Employees and Residents Across Facilities in Seattle date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3734 sentences = 207 flesch = 48 summary = In this study, we describe the results of cross-sectional resident and employee SARS-CoV-2 testing, and infection control and personnel policies associated with 16 Seattle area SNFs. Through two testing strategies, a total of 16 SNFs offered testing to either residents, employees, or both. For employees tested through the Seattle Flu Study, data included participant date of birth, date of testing, race and ethnicity, location and nature of work, new symptoms experienced during the last 7 days, and history of SARS-CoV-2 testing (Appendix 1 in the Supplementary Material). For employees, positive or inconclusive SARS-CoV-2 test results were reported directly to participants by phone within 48 h and to the Washington State Department of Health. We report the results of a large cross-sectional study evaluating SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) in the Seattle area during the spring 2020 peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-339508-nf6ov39g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339508-nf6ov39g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347454-zs909ldm author = DePuccio, Matthew J. title = Patients’ Perceptions About Medical Record Privacy and Security: Implications for Withholding of Information During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 950 sentences = 49 flesch = 42 summary = title: Patients' Perceptions About Medical Record Privacy and Security: Implications for Withholding of Information During the COVID-19 Pandemic As withholding information can compromise providers' ability to deliver appropriate care, the accuracy of public health surveillance system data, and even population health efforts to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, we need to understand how patients' concerns about the privacy and security of their medical information may lead to information-withholding behaviors. One survey section asked about patients' attitudes toward use of health information technology, including their perceptions about information security risks and privacy. The dependent variable for this study was the answer to the question "Have you ever kept information from your healthcare provider because you were concerned about the privacy or security of your medical record?" (yes/no). Concern about security and privacy, and perceived control over collection and use of health information are related to withholding of health information from healthcare providers cache = ./cache/cord-347454-zs909ldm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347454-zs909ldm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355851-t8xh6327 author = Goodman, Christopher W. title = Accessibility of Virtual Visits for Urgent Care Among US Hospitals: a Descriptive Analysis date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 887 sentences = 66 flesch = 42 summary = title: Accessibility of Virtual Visits for Urgent Care Among US Hospitals: a Descriptive Analysis 3 Many hospitals now offer real-time "virtual visits" for common urgent care through their websites, which offer an opportunity to assess the accessibility of a typical telehealth service. Many hospitals have begun offering virtual visits for urgent care with real-time connectivity through their websites. Hospitals used different names for these services such as "e-visits," "virtual urgent care," and "virtual visits." We included links to primary care visits if the website clearly indicated quick access for urgent care. We examined hospital websites and their virtual visit sites, focusing on three accessibility characteristics: general availability, language accommodations, and affordability. Even among hospitals with publicly accessible virtual visits, further limitations included geographic limitations (i.e., accessing care across state lines) and exclusions for chronic health conditions. Virtual visits were not easily or equitably accessible; in general, navigation of hospital websites was challenging. cache = ./cache/cord-355851-t8xh6327.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355851-t8xh6327.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339533-r0qsqjus author = Mein, Stephen A title = COVID-19 and Health Disparities: the Reality of “the Great Equalizer” date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1111 sentences = 78 flesch = 52 summary = Pandemics have the unique ability to amplify existing health inequalities, disproportionately affecting socially disadvantaged groups, including racial and ethnic minorities and low-income populations. Racial and ethnic minorities are at both a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 and suffering worse outcomes. 5, 6 Once infected, racial and ethnic minorities are at a greater risk of increased disease severity. 7 Previous epidemiological studies have consistently shown many of these conditions to be more prevalent in racial/ethnic minorities, likely contributing to the worse health outcomes seen from COVID-19. Until recently, there has been minimal comprehensive demographic data reported from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or other governing bodies around the racial/ethnic characteristics of patients infected with COVID-19. Health disparities have long plagued our country and greatly impacted racial and ethnic minorities. Protection of racial/ethnic minority populations during an influenza pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-339533-r0qsqjus.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339533-r0qsqjus.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339701-j0sr3ifq author = Mikami, Takahisa title = Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 in New York City date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3406 sentences = 183 flesch = 44 summary = PARTICIPANTS: 6493 patients who had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with clinical outcomes between March 13 and April 17, 2020, who were seen in one of the 8 hospitals and/or over 400 ambulatory practices in the New York City metropolitan area MAIN MEASURES: Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Cox proportional hazard regression modeling showed an increased risk of in-hospital mortality associated with age older than 50 years (hazard ratio [HR] 2.34, CI 1.47–3.71), systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg (HR 1.38, CI 1.06–1.80), a respiratory rate greater than 24 per min (HR 1.43, CI 1.13–1.83), peripheral oxygen saturation less than 92% (HR 2.12, CI 1.56–2.88), estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) (HR 1.80, CI 1.60–2.02), IL-6 greater than 100 pg/mL (HR 1.50, CI 1.12–2.03), D-dimer greater than 2 mcg/mL (HR 1.19, CI 1.02–1.39), and troponin greater than 0.03 ng/mL (HR 1.40, CI 1.23–1.62). In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in ambulatory and inpatient settings and identify risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients. cache = ./cache/cord-339701-j0sr3ifq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339701-j0sr3ifq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276026-etj5vpg5 author = Hu, Jiun-Ruey title = COVID-19 and Asian American Pacific Islanders date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 822 sentences = 55 flesch = 55 summary = The American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 Outline for Cultural Formulation notes that "Experiences of racism and discrimination in the larger society may impede establishing trust and safety in the clinical diagnostic encounter. 6 Although no validated intervention for COVID-19-related discrimination exists yet, bystanders may be empowered by current frameworks for bystander intervention, such as from the 4 Ds of Bystander Intervention (Distract, Delegate, Direct, Delay) adapted by the American Friends Service Committee to combat racism, to the Interrupt, Question, Acknowledge, Educate, Echo framework adapted from the Southern Poverty Law Center to promote tolerance in teaching. While there has been an increase in the use of hashtags that encourage violence against Chinese people, there has also been a spike in anti-Semitic hashtags espousing racist tropes about the virus "being used to kill off large portions of the population." 8 As a medical community, we must make it clear to society that the racist rhetoric of blame threatens mental health and even lives-as we have already seen with the stabbing of the Burmese-American family. cache = ./cache/cord-276026-etj5vpg5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276026-etj5vpg5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327463-uw3rhkf3 author = Xiao, Roy title = Price Transparency for COVID-19 Testing Among Top US Hospitals date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 934 sentences = 66 flesch = 59 summary = 1 Under the CARES Act, private insurers are required to cover in vitro diagnostic testing for COVID-19 without patient cost sharing or other barriers during the public health emergency. To mitigate the risk of out-of-network billing for insurers that had not already negotiated rates, providers such as hospitals were required to publicly disclose the maximum "cash price" for tests online. We systematically reviewed the public websites of all hospitals in the 2019-2020 U.S. News and World Report "Best Regional Hospitals" list to determine whether the following information was available for in vitro COVID-19 tests: cash prices (yes/ no), hospital charges (yes/no), test type (molecular/serology/ unspecified; non-mutually exclusive). Among hospitals disclosing both cash prices and hospital charges, the median lowest bill balances for molecular (N = 27) and serology (N = 14) were $66.96 (IQR: $7.00-$120.00) and $6.00 (IQR: $6.00-$30.00), respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-327463-uw3rhkf3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327463-uw3rhkf3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306352-agppehpz author = Christensen, Daniel Mølager title = Charlson Comorbidity Index Score and Risk of Severe Outcome and Death in Danish COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 634 sentences = 36 flesch = 57 summary = title: Charlson Comorbidity Index Score and Risk of Severe Outcome and Death in Danish COVID-19 Patients Studies assessing the impact of total comorbidity burden on outcomes of COVID-19 in age-and sex-controlled analyses are lacking. 1 In this nationwide study of Danish COVID-19 patients, we investigated if Charlson Comorbidity Index Score (CCIS) was associated with the risk of severe outcome and death. The models were used to estimate the absolute risk of both outcomes according to CCIS groups across ages 40-85 for both sexes. The estimated absolute risks of severe COVID-19 and death were increased for CCIS 1-2, 3-4, and > 4 compared with those for CCIS 0 across ages and sexes (Fig. 1) . A Charlson Comorbidity Index Score above 0 was associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 and death when controlled for age and sex. Figure 1 Estimated risks of severe outcome and death according to sex, age, and Charlson Comorbidity Index Score (CCIS). cache = ./cache/cord-306352-agppehpz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306352-agppehpz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352726-ep0xfen2 author = Ali, Mohammed K. title = Preparing Primary Care for COVID-20 date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1339 sentences = 79 flesch = 48 summary = Finally, primary care offices are capable of managing patients flow across home, clinic, hospital, and post-acute care; recent lifting of data sharing restrictions by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services will enhance this coordination. Robust primary care infrastructure for ILI facilitates access and surge capacity; enables timely diagnosis and treatment; and could reduce health disparities in the incidence of pneumonias, hospitalizations, and related morbidity and mortality. (1) definitions and standards for evaluating and managing cases; (2) outbreak protocols giving primary care offices a central role in early detection, local safety, and surveillance; (3) clinical decision-making tools including rapid tests and prediction rules; and (4) supportive policies. At the national level, higher primary care participation in the CDC's Outpatient Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet) will help identify regional hotspots where focused testing, contact tracing, and isolation in the next COVID outbreak can support rapid containment. Detection of excess influenza severity: associating respiratory hospitalization and mortality data with reports of influenza-like illness by primary care physicians cache = ./cache/cord-352726-ep0xfen2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352726-ep0xfen2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350321-jy4i403g author = Ku, Benson S. title = Associations Between Primary Care Provider Shortage Areas and County-Level COVID-19 Infection and Mortality Rates in the USA date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 755 sentences = 43 flesch = 51 summary = title: Associations Between Primary Care Provider Shortage Areas and County-Level COVID-19 Infection and Mortality Rates in the USA 1 However, it is not known whether shortage areas are associated with higher COVID-19 infection or mortality rates. This study investigates the hypothesis that primary care HPSAs are associated with higher rates of COVID-19 infection and mortality. 3 The 2013 rural-urban continuum codes used to classify rurality and whole county primary care HPSAs were separately derived from the 2018 Area Health Resource File. Generalized linear mixed models with negative binomial distribution were used to test the associations of primary care HPSAs and COVID-19 rates, controlling for time, rurality, population, and six county-level socioeconomic variables. Our findings suggest that primary care provider shortage areas with reported COVID-19 cases face a higher burden of COVID-19 infections and death even after adjusting for socioeconomic and other county-level factors. cache = ./cache/cord-350321-jy4i403g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350321-jy4i403g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326399-ey8g4pom author = Phadke, Neelam A. title = Trends in Ambulatory Electronic Consultations During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 915 sentences = 52 flesch = 44 summary = title: Trends in Ambulatory Electronic Consultations During the COVID-19 Pandemic Hypothesizing that e-consult requests would increase during the pandemic, we sought to define COVID-19associated changes in e-consult requests. We assessed daily volumes from February 1, 2020, through April 1, 2020; the defined date of "intervention" was March 11, 2020, when Massachusetts declared a COVID-19-related state of emergency. We describe a significant increase in e-consult utilization relative to traditional ambulatory referrals following the COVID-19-related state of emergency declaration in Massachusetts. These results suggest an increase in e-consult utilization associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. This question is electronically transmitted to a specialist physician who reviews the question and clinical information in the EHR and provides clinical guidance including recommendations for further diagnostic testing or therapeutic management via a note entered in the patient's EHR. cache = ./cache/cord-326399-ey8g4pom.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326399-ey8g4pom.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349099-s33nd9hz author = Gaffney, Adam W. title = Home Sick with Coronavirus Symptoms: a National Study, April–May 2020 date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1139 sentences = 63 flesch = 56 summary = 3 We compared the demographic characteristics, health insurance status, food insecurity, and prevalence of COVID-19 in their state of residence 4 (divided into quartiles), of those selecting this response to two other groups: (1) those working and (2) persons out-ofwork because of a non-coronavirus-related illness/ disability. We performed univariate logistic regressions to evaluate the association of each factor with being out-sick due to coronavirus symptoms relative to each comparator group. Our sample included 89,490 adults working the past week, 457 out-sick with coronavirus symptoms, and 3503 out-ofwork because of a non-coronavirus illness/disability. Minority race/ethnicity, low income, and residence in a state with high COVID prevalence were associated with work absence because of coronavirus symptoms in April-May 2020. This national-level evidence of the disparate impact of COVID-19 bolsters reports based on diagnoses from regions and hospital systems, 1 as well as our previous findings of an increase in illness-related work absence in April that disproportionately affected minorities. cache = ./cache/cord-349099-s33nd9hz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349099-s33nd9hz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336577-uvnbgsds author = Salazar, James W. title = Sunset Rounds: a Framework for Post-death Care in the Hospital date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1069 sentences = 64 flesch = 55 summary = Notification of survivors -Determine the most appropriate patient contact and the team-member best suited to disclose -Use "SPIKES" 2 principles and the words "died" or "death" -Offer assistance in sharing the news with other friends or family -Consider saying a few closing words honoring the patient Care team should include primary physicians and nurses, relevant consultants (e.g., palliative care), spiritual personnel, and decedent affairs team members Death in the context of COVID-19: For specific guidance on the safe management of a dead body in the context of COVID-19 and how it may inform the above framework, please refer to the World Health Organization Interim Guidance 3 *State reporting guidelines can be found at: https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/publications/topic/coroner.html †Local Networks can be found at: https://www.organdonor.gov/awareness/organizations/local-opo.html is important that we work collectively to care for each other, support our survivors, and honor the sunsets of our patients. cache = ./cache/cord-336577-uvnbgsds.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336577-uvnbgsds.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286679-g67ewzlp author = Ordaz-Johnson, Omar H. title = More Than a Statistic: a Qualitative Study of COVID-19 Treatment and Prevention Optimization for Black Americans date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 841 sentences = 49 flesch = 36 summary = 4 Community-based methods and partnerships with underrepresented populations can increase trust and study participation; accordingly, we sought to understand potential barriers specific to COVID-19 treatment and prevention in Black Americans using focus groups. Regarding optimized treatments for and prevention of COVID-19 among Black Americans, three major themes emerged: patient autonomy, holism, and structural racism. Emergent themes in our focus groups suggest that community involvement at the outset is critical for proper needs assessments, as well as in subsequent design and implementation of any new approaches aimed at assessing or reducing unfair burden of morbidity and mortality due to conditions disproportionately affecting Black Americans. Overall, findings highlight the importance of understanding community concerns about the orchestration of optimized treatments for COVID-19 among Black Americans, and underscore the health benefits of building community trust through early research involvement. cache = ./cache/cord-286679-g67ewzlp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286679-g67ewzlp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305110-mujpekyu author = Cloud, David H. title = Medical Isolation and Solitary Confinement: Balancing Health and Humanity in US Jails and Prisons During COVID-19 date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2334 sentences = 102 flesch = 37 summary = Critical public health tools to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 are medical isolation and quarantine, but use of these tools is complicated in prisons and jails where decades of overuse of punitive solitary confinement is the norm. 10 Many advocates fear that use of isolation to curb transmission of COVID-19 in correctional facilities will complicate the emerging crisis, as incarcerated people become reluctant to report symptoms for fear of being moved to solitary confinement, those who do report symptoms will be forced to endure an experience known to cause psychological and physical harm, and system-wide unrest will be triggered in institutions where fears about being placed in medical isolation could run rampant. Yet, quarantine and medical isolation in response to COVID-19 are necessary to halt the spread of infection; without them, containment of disease transmission will be exceedingly difficult if not impossible, posing significant health risks to incarcerated people, correctional healthcare providers, security staff, and the families and communities to which workers return at the end of each shift. cache = ./cache/cord-305110-mujpekyu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305110-mujpekyu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284795-0eoyxz78 author = Khetan, Aditya K. title = COVID-19: Why Declining Biodiversity Puts Us at Greater Risk for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and What We Can Do date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 719 sentences = 48 flesch = 58 summary = For Nipah, the fruit bats contaminated date palm sap, which was then consumed by humans who thus got infected. While public health measures, including surveillance of emerging disease hotspots, can be helpful as near-term strategies, they cannot substitute for a long-term solution that conserves biodiversity. Human activities that drive loss of biodiversity are also directly tied to climate change and increasing water scarcity. This agricultural land expansion has mostly been for farming animals (for meat and other animal products such as dairy), soybean production, and palm oil production. 5 Given the significant contribution of human meat consumption to loss of biodiversity, decreasing such consumption must be recognized as a major priority for decreasing the incidence of EID over the medium to long term. It is estimated that 25% of global GHG emissions are the result of agriculture, most of it from the farming of animals for human consumption. Evolution in action: climate change, biodiversity dynamics and emerging infectious disease cache = ./cache/cord-284795-0eoyxz78.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284795-0eoyxz78.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317440-898r34h2 author = Meiselbach, Mark K. title = Charges of COVID-19 Diagnostic Testing and Antibody Testing Across Facility Types and States date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 912 sentences = 64 flesch = 64 summary = title: Charges of COVID-19 Diagnostic Testing and Antibody Testing Across Facility Types and States The CARES Act requires that private plans that do not have a negotiated rate with the provider pay the price publicly listed by the provider for COVID-19 testing, which is usually the same as or a percentage of the charge. In this study, we aim to examine the charges for the most commonly performed COVID-19 diagnostic test (CPT code: 87635) and antibody test (CPT code: 86769) across facility types and states. For COVID-19 diagnostic testing, the mean, median, and standard deviations of charges were $144.06, $100.00 (IQR $67.00-$155.00), and $162.18. A small proportion of COVID-19 diagnostic testing and antibody testing services, provided in selected states, had charges that far exceeded the Medicare rate. Anderson, PhD 1,2 a b Figure 2 Average charges for COVID-19 testing, by state. States that had ten or fewer claims were classified as "No data." The Medicare reimbursement rate is $51.31. cache = ./cache/cord-317440-898r34h2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317440-898r34h2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322066-m8dphaml author = Kutscher, Eric title = Primary Care Providers: Discuss COVID-19-Related Goals of Care with Your Vulnerable Patients Now date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 802 sentences = 49 flesch = 60 summary = All of these unknowns often result in doctors uncomfortable in talking about risks and benefits of intubation with their patients until it is clear that the patient has progressed to a point of needing respiratory support. We as primary care doctors have the privilege of knowing our patients the best. We must also ask our patients about what medical interventions they would want if they were to contract COVID-19 and require respiratory support. Given the data we know about COVID-19 and the risks and benefits of intubation, we must use our best medical judgment to help patients understand realistic outcomes and make informed decisions. The role of the primary care doctor is to partner with our patients to help them find their voice in the medical system. It means helping many of our beloved patients understand that "do not intubate" is most likely the best choice for them. cache = ./cache/cord-322066-m8dphaml.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322066-m8dphaml.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325181-d2cqarep author = Kusner, Jonathan title = An Underused Treatment Strategy: Voter Enfranchisement date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1977 sentences = 106 flesch = 45 summary = Providers at community health centers (CHCs) are facing unique challenges in this landscape, serving as essential workers themselves while looking for ways to support some of the most vulnerable patients in the nation-many of whom bear the greatest burden of COVID-19, economic recession, and racial injustice, but whose voices are also often left out of the national political conversation. VotER (https://vot-er.org/) is a nonpartisan voter readiness initiative that specifically seeks to engage healthcare professionals in "inviting (patient) voices into the democratic process." To facilitate this, they offer their Health Democracy Kit, which allows healthcare providers to direct patients to an online voter registration platform that walks patients through voter registration in a state-specific manner. Our experience demonstrated how easily healthcare-based non-partisan voter registration can be coordinated and offered to patients in a way that does not burden providers or interrupt clinic work flows. cache = ./cache/cord-325181-d2cqarep.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325181-d2cqarep.txt ===== Reducing email addresses cord-271599-1yu1yl12 Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords cord-266266-ekxnn9bo cord-261173-lnjh56ts cord-267114-tvoi6a7q cord-307946-1olapsmv cord-280410-j32tuj5s cord-301399-s2i6qfjn cord-260322-b2493coe cord-270876-kul6bs3w cord-271599-1yu1yl12 cord-283862-k6b4vyut cord-283917-jumgb0hs cord-272679-dobaci5p cord-297935-fk9j7q67 cord-332728-72yq43sw cord-304839-lesa5u2n cord-339508-nf6ov39g cord-347454-zs909ldm cord-332729-f1e334g0 cord-322066-m8dphaml cord-337120-irpm5g7g cord-317440-898r34h2 cord-330368-rk31cwl4 cord-325181-d2cqarep cord-350321-jy4i403g cord-326399-ey8g4pom cord-259952-58q4ma92 cord-284795-0eoyxz78 cord-355851-t8xh6327 cord-352726-ep0xfen2 cord-339701-j0sr3ifq cord-306352-agppehpz cord-349099-s33nd9hz cord-327463-uw3rhkf3 cord-305110-mujpekyu cord-286679-g67ewzlp cord-276026-etj5vpg5 cord-348026-t1jkeu3d cord-336577-uvnbgsds cord-002095-47dbqu2r cord-339533-r0qsqjus Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-307946-1olapsmv cord-261173-lnjh56ts cord-260322-b2493coe cord-332729-f1e334g0 cord-272679-dobaci5p cord-332728-72yq43sw cord-259952-58q4ma92 cord-305110-mujpekyu cord-337120-irpm5g7g cord-325181-d2cqarep cord-350321-jy4i403g cord-339701-j0sr3ifq cord-339508-nf6ov39g cord-336577-uvnbgsds Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-260322-b2493coe cord-266266-ekxnn9bo cord-259952-58q4ma92 cord-280410-j32tuj5s cord-002095-47dbqu2r cord-261173-lnjh56ts cord-283862-k6b4vyut cord-267114-tvoi6a7q cord-301399-s2i6qfjn cord-270876-kul6bs3w cord-304839-lesa5u2n cord-283917-jumgb0hs cord-284795-0eoyxz78 cord-339508-nf6ov39g cord-297935-fk9j7q67 cord-307946-1olapsmv cord-271599-1yu1yl12 cord-332728-72yq43sw cord-332729-f1e334g0 cord-272679-dobaci5p cord-330368-rk31cwl4 cord-348026-t1jkeu3d cord-337120-irpm5g7g cord-317440-898r34h2 cord-339701-j0sr3ifq cord-339533-r0qsqjus cord-355851-t8xh6327 cord-322066-m8dphaml cord-325181-d2cqarep cord-327463-uw3rhkf3 cord-350321-jy4i403g cord-326399-ey8g4pom cord-349099-s33nd9hz cord-306352-agppehpz cord-336577-uvnbgsds cord-352726-ep0xfen2 cord-286679-g67ewzlp cord-305110-mujpekyu cord-276026-etj5vpg5 cord-347454-zs909ldm Creating transaction Updating ent table ===== Reducing parts of speech cord-259952-58q4ma92 cord-260322-b2493coe cord-266266-ekxnn9bo cord-280410-j32tuj5s cord-270876-kul6bs3w cord-307946-1olapsmv cord-272679-dobaci5p cord-304839-lesa5u2n cord-283917-jumgb0hs cord-271599-1yu1yl12 cord-002095-47dbqu2r cord-347454-zs909ldm cord-332728-72yq43sw cord-348026-t1jkeu3d cord-337120-irpm5g7g cord-330368-rk31cwl4 cord-317440-898r34h2 cord-355851-t8xh6327 cord-301399-s2i6qfjn cord-339701-j0sr3ifq cord-339533-r0qsqjus cord-325181-d2cqarep cord-284795-0eoyxz78 cord-276026-etj5vpg5 cord-327463-uw3rhkf3 cord-283862-k6b4vyut cord-352726-ep0xfen2 cord-326399-ey8g4pom cord-349099-s33nd9hz cord-286679-g67ewzlp cord-306352-agppehpz cord-332729-f1e334g0 cord-339508-nf6ov39g cord-336577-uvnbgsds cord-261173-lnjh56ts cord-305110-mujpekyu cord-350321-jy4i403g cord-267114-tvoi6a7q cord-322066-m8dphaml cord-297935-fk9j7q67 Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-261173-lnjh56ts cord-271599-1yu1yl12 cord-307946-1olapsmv cord-307946-1olapsmv cord-272679-dobaci5p cord-297935-fk9j7q67 number of items: 40 sum of words: 69,080 average size in words: 1,727 average readability score: 51 nouns: health; care; patients; study; participants; risk; data; pandemic; disease; testing; pcps; symptoms; coronavirus; healthcare; information; days; patient; time; hospital; adults; infection; community; population; states; mortality; employees; state; system; residents; outbreak; cases; groups; people; providers; group; epidemic; individuals; authors; visits; use; results; date; characteristics; analysis; work; age; workers; rates; control; conditions verbs: includes; used; reported; needed; increasing; testing; provide; make; following; based; compared; works; identified; found; associated; show; require; known; become; take; helped; receiving; participate; given; suggested; remains; hospitalized; assess; understood; led; facing; feeling; consider; reduce; describe; affects; see; says; defined; performed; offer; conducted; improve; infected; related; developed; care; address; confirmed; changed adjectives: medical; covid-19; non; primary; mental; public; positive; many; higher; patient; low; clinical; likely; high; poor; available; significant; virtual; respiratory; older; chronic; key; acute; lower; severe; potential; new; greater; social; large; important; black; specific; common; recent; additional; general; eligible; multiple; ambulatory; similar; novel; homeless; first; early; sick; different; last; current; appropriate adverbs: also; however; well; even; often; particularly; therefore; less; now; still; significantly; ever; respectively; dually; already; previously; especially; almost; likely; first; statistically; potentially; directly; rather; rapidly; overall; just; generally; better; instead; easily; usually; typically; prior; otherwise; n't; much; long; finally; specifically; recently; highly; clearly; additionally; quickly; publicly; primarily; largely; currently; back pronouns: we; their; they; our; it; you; them; i; its; he; his; your; my; us; me; themselves; she; one; her; zs909ldm; yourself; myself; mine; him; 's proper nouns: COVID-19; SARS; Health; CoV-2; HCW; China; Medicaid; US; s11606; Med; J; Intern; Gen; CI; Medicare; USA; DOI; Coronavirus; New; Clinton; SNF; sha; PPE; Trump; Disease; Americans; nan; York; March; Wuhan; Table; Care; States; December; May; United; April; Control; PCMH; National; Fig; Study; October; ICU; Prevention; Department; World; Services; January; CDC keywords: covid-19; sars; patient; death; wuhan; wave; voter; virtual; trump; table; snf; script; risk; registration; publication; public; primary; price; physician; pcp; pcmh; model; medicare; medicaid; isolation; internist; information; human; homeless; hlh; health; hcw; epidemic; employee; disease; depression; deductible; cultural; cpt; coronavirus; control; consult; clinton; china; ccis; care; americans one topic; one dimension: health file(s): https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06156-8 titles(s): Associations between Anxiety and Depression Symptoms and Medical Care Avoidance during COVID-19 three topics; one dimension: covid; care; health file(s): https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05980-2, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32869200/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33128680/ titles(s): Changes in COVID-19 Knowledge, Beliefs, Behaviors, and Preparedness Among High-Risk Adults from the Onset to the Acceleration Phase of the US Outbreak | Primary Care Practitioners’ Barriers to and Experience of COVID-19 Epidemic Control in China: a Qualitative Study | Changes in Mental Health Following the 2016 Presidential Election five topics; three dimensions: care participants pcps; health covid coronavirus; health patients care; covid hcw patients; health mental employees file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32918203/, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05980-2, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17351853/, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06171-9, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32875494/ titles(s): Patients’ and Caregivers’ Experiences with the Multi-Payer Advanced Primary Care Practice Demonstration | Changes in COVID-19 Knowledge, Beliefs, Behaviors, and Preparedness Among High-Risk Adults from the Onset to the Acceleration Phase of the US Outbreak | The Role of Internists During Epidemics, Outbreaks, and Bioterrorist Attacks | Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers’ Risk of Infection and Outcomes in a Large, Integrated Health System | Cross-Sectional Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Skilled Nursing Facility Employees and Residents Across Facilities in Seattle Type: cord title: journal-jGenInternMed-cord date: 2021-05-30 time: 16:05 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: facet_journal:"J Gen Intern Med" ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-267114-tvoi6a7q author: Abdus, Salam title: Financial Burdens of Out-of-Pocket Prescription Drug Expenditures under High-Deductible Health Plans date: 2020-09-18 words: 1258 sentences: 60 pages: flesch: 53 cache: ./cache/cord-267114-tvoi6a7q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267114-tvoi6a7q.txt summary: Among low-income adults with employer-sponsored insurance who had multiple chronic conditions and were enrolled in high-deductible plans, about 14.3% had family out-ofpocket prescription drug expenditures exceeding 10 percent of family disposable income. While out-of-pocket costs for prescription drugs have decreased in recent years, 1 the results of this study suggest that for low-income adults with multiple chronic conditions who are enrolled in employer-sponsored high-deductible plans, out-of-pocket prescription drug costs may still result in significant financial hardships. Adults who reported being diagnosed with high blood pressure on two or more occasions were defined as having hypertension † Base group *,**,***Statistically significantly different, based on two-sample t tests, from the no-deductible plan enrollees at the 5%, 1%, or 0.1%, respectively The sample comprised adults ages 19 to 64 who were enrolled in employer-sponsored health insurance plans and no other coverage throughout the year FPL, federal poverty level Using the self-reported priority conditions in MEPS HC, the following diagnosed conditions were identified: Diabetes, asthma, hypertension, arthritis, heart diseases, cancer, chronic bronchitis, stroke, and emphysema. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32948957/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06226-x id: cord-002095-47dbqu2r author: Al-Helou, Georges title: When the Illness Goes Off Script—An Exercise in Clinical Reasoning date: 2016-03-14 words: 2844 sentences: 184 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-002095-47dbqu2r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-002095-47dbqu2r.txt summary: The clinician triggers the illness scripts of familiar diseases such as viral or bacterial respiratory infections and tick-borne infections to compare to his problem representation. While disseminated endemic fungal infections can cause fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, and pulmonary disease, an acute presentation with widespread skin lesions would be more likely in an immunocompromised patient. The problem representation is now fever, hypotension (resolved), diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, widespread lymphadenopathy, disseminated rash (resolved), leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, DIC, severe AKI, and mild hepatitis with no evident infection. It is the mismatch between common illness scripts (pleural) 5 and a patient''s presentation that prompts diagnosticians to consider rare diseases. Rare diseases such as HLH were considered only after the discussant found irreconcilable mismatches with the illness scripts of more common conditions. When clinicians know the illness scripts of common diseases well enough to recognize telltale deviations from the norm, they can trigger the consideration of rare conditions and request help from colleagues and other resources that will ultimately lead to a diagnosis. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4907950/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3632-3 id: cord-352726-ep0xfen2 author: Ali, Mohammed K. title: Preparing Primary Care for COVID-20 date: 2020-06-09 words: 1339 sentences: 79 pages: flesch: 48 cache: ./cache/cord-352726-ep0xfen2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352726-ep0xfen2.txt summary: Finally, primary care offices are capable of managing patients flow across home, clinic, hospital, and post-acute care; recent lifting of data sharing restrictions by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services will enhance this coordination. Robust primary care infrastructure for ILI facilitates access and surge capacity; enables timely diagnosis and treatment; and could reduce health disparities in the incidence of pneumonias, hospitalizations, and related morbidity and mortality. (1) definitions and standards for evaluating and managing cases; (2) outbreak protocols giving primary care offices a central role in early detection, local safety, and surveillance; (3) clinical decision-making tools including rapid tests and prediction rules; and (4) supportive policies. At the national level, higher primary care participation in the CDC''s Outpatient Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet) will help identify regional hotspots where focused testing, contact tracing, and isolation in the next COVID outbreak can support rapid containment. Detection of excess influenza severity: associating respiratory hospitalization and mortality data with reports of influenza-like illness by primary care physicians abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05945-5 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05945-5 id: cord-271599-1yu1yl12 author: Bailey, Stacy Cooper title: Changes in COVID-19 Knowledge, Beliefs, Behaviors, and Preparedness Among High-Risk Adults from the Onset to the Acceleration Phase of the US Outbreak date: 2020-09-01 words: 4054 sentences: 204 pages: flesch: 54 cache: ./cache/cord-271599-1yu1yl12.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271599-1yu1yl12.txt summary: KEY RESULTS: From the onset to the acceleration phase, participants increasingly perceived COVID-19 to be a serious public health threat, reported more changes to their daily routine and plans, and reported greater preparedness. Individuals with low health literacy remained more likely to feel unprepared for the outbreak (RR 1.80, 95% CI 1.11–2.92, p = 0.02) and to express confidence in the federal government response (RR 2.11, 95% CI 1.49–3.00, p < 0.001) CONCLUSIONS: Adults at higher risk for COVID-19 continue to lack critical knowledge about prevention. Our first longitudinal assessment of the C3 study revealed that participants increasingly perceived COVID-19 to be a serious public health threat, reported more changes to their daily routine and plans, and had a greater sense of preparedness from the onset to the acceleration phase of the outbreak. abstract: BACKGROUND: The US outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accelerated rapidly over a short time to become a public health crisis. OBJECTIVE: To assess how high-risk adults’ COVID-19 knowledge, beliefs, behaviors, and sense of preparedness changed from the onset of the US outbreak (March 13–20, 2020) to the acceleration phase (March 27–April 7, 2020). DESIGN: Longitudinal, two-wave telephone survey. PARTICIPANTS: 588 predominately older adults with ≥ 1 chronic condition recruited from 4 active, federally funded studies in Chicago. MAIN MEASURES: Self-reported knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms and prevention, related beliefs, behaviors, and sense of preparedness. KEY RESULTS: From the onset to the acceleration phase, participants increasingly perceived COVID-19 to be a serious public health threat, reported more changes to their daily routine and plans, and reported greater preparedness. The proportion of respondents who believed they were “not at all likely” to get the virus decreased slightly (24.9 to 22.4%; p = 0.04), but there was no significant change in the proportion of those who were unable to accurately identify ways to prevent infection (29.2 to 25.7%; p 0.14). In multivariable analyses, black adults and those with lower health literacy were more likely to report less perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 (black adults: relative risk (RR) 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–2.44, p = 0.02; marginal health literacy: RR 1.96, 95% CI 1.26–3.07, p < 0.01). Individuals with low health literacy remained more likely to feel unprepared for the outbreak (RR 1.80, 95% CI 1.11–2.92, p = 0.02) and to express confidence in the federal government response (RR 2.11, 95% CI 1.49–3.00, p < 0.001) CONCLUSIONS: Adults at higher risk for COVID-19 continue to lack critical knowledge about prevention. While participants reported greater changes to daily routines and plans, disparities continued to exist in perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 and in preparedness. Public health messaging to date may not be effectively reaching vulnerable communities. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05980-2 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05980-2 id: cord-283862-k6b4vyut author: Bates, Carol K. title: From the Editor’s Desk: JGIM and COVID-19 date: 2020-04-22 words: 588 sentences: 38 pages: flesch: 59 cache: ./cache/cord-283862-k6b4vyut.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283862-k6b4vyut.txt summary: We have expedited this "From the Editor''s Desk" even though it will not necessarily refer to articles in the same printed issue as has been our habit. Similarly, we have considered papers on materials that are behind the VA firewall and inaccessible to readers who do not work in the VA. For COVID-19 papers, we have considered the question of whether we should publish material that has also been in the lay press. Editorial guidance on the question of secondary publication comes from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). While not mentioned in ICMJE guidance, duplicate publication is also misleading in assessing promotion metrics in the overweighting of a body of work. ICMJE does have a proviso for public emergencies, stating that "…information with immediate implications for public health should be disseminated without concern that this will preclude subsequent consideration for publication in a journal." Therefore, while we recognize the risk that COVID-19-themed publications may put forward ideas that have already been disseminated in other settings, we are willing to take this risk and welcome submissions that may fall into that category. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05852-9 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05852-9 id: cord-330368-rk31cwl4 author: Bowden, Kasey title: Harnessing the Power of Hospitalists in Operational Disaster Planning: COVID-19 date: 2020-07-13 words: 2462 sentences: 107 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-330368-rk31cwl4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330368-rk31cwl4.txt summary: Much of the disaster planning in hospitals around the country addresses overcrowded emergency departments and decompressing these locations; however, in the case of COVID-19, intensive care units, emergency departments, and medical wards ran the risk of being overwhelmed by a large influx of patients needing high-level medical care. In a matter of days, our Division of Hospital Medicine, in partnership with our hospital, health system, and academic institution, was able to modify and deploy existing disaster plans to quickly care for an influx of medically complex patients. Starting with preparedness models outlined by Persoff et al., 10 Frank et al., 8 the CHEST consensus statement, 11, 12 and our existing disaster plans, we developed a modified framework for hospital operations management and staffing, anticipating a massive influx of acutely ill, medically complex, and highly contagious patients with COVID-19. abstract: Hospitalists are well poised to serve in key leadership roles and in frontline care in particular when facing a pandemic such as the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection. Much of the disaster planning in hospitals around the country addresses overcrowded emergency departments and decompressing these locations; however, in the case of COVID-19, intensive care units, emergency departments, and medical wards ran the risk of being overwhelmed by a large influx of patients needing high-level medical care. In a matter of days, our Division of Hospital Medicine, in partnership with our hospital, health system, and academic institution, was able to modify and deploy existing disaster plans to quickly care for an influx of medically complex patients. We describe a scaled approach to managing hospitalist clinical operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32661930/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05952-6 id: cord-306352-agppehpz author: Christensen, Daniel Mølager title: Charlson Comorbidity Index Score and Risk of Severe Outcome and Death in Danish COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-24 words: 634 sentences: 36 pages: flesch: 57 cache: ./cache/cord-306352-agppehpz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306352-agppehpz.txt summary: title: Charlson Comorbidity Index Score and Risk of Severe Outcome and Death in Danish COVID-19 Patients Studies assessing the impact of total comorbidity burden on outcomes of COVID-19 in age-and sex-controlled analyses are lacking. 1 In this nationwide study of Danish COVID-19 patients, we investigated if Charlson Comorbidity Index Score (CCIS) was associated with the risk of severe outcome and death. The models were used to estimate the absolute risk of both outcomes according to CCIS groups across ages 40-85 for both sexes. The estimated absolute risks of severe COVID-19 and death were increased for CCIS 1-2, 3-4, and > 4 compared with those for CCIS 0 across ages and sexes (Fig. 1) . A Charlson Comorbidity Index Score above 0 was associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 and death when controlled for age and sex. Figure 1 Estimated risks of severe outcome and death according to sex, age, and Charlson Comorbidity Index Score (CCIS). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32583345/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05991-z id: cord-305110-mujpekyu author: Cloud, David H. title: Medical Isolation and Solitary Confinement: Balancing Health and Humanity in US Jails and Prisons During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-06 words: 2334 sentences: 102 pages: flesch: 37 cache: ./cache/cord-305110-mujpekyu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305110-mujpekyu.txt summary: Critical public health tools to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 are medical isolation and quarantine, but use of these tools is complicated in prisons and jails where decades of overuse of punitive solitary confinement is the norm. 10 Many advocates fear that use of isolation to curb transmission of COVID-19 in correctional facilities will complicate the emerging crisis, as incarcerated people become reluctant to report symptoms for fear of being moved to solitary confinement, those who do report symptoms will be forced to endure an experience known to cause psychological and physical harm, and system-wide unrest will be triggered in institutions where fears about being placed in medical isolation could run rampant. Yet, quarantine and medical isolation in response to COVID-19 are necessary to halt the spread of infection; without them, containment of disease transmission will be exceedingly difficult if not impossible, posing significant health risks to incarcerated people, correctional healthcare providers, security staff, and the families and communities to which workers return at the end of each shift. abstract: In the face of the continually worsening COVID-19 pandemic, jails and prisons have become the greatest vectors of community transmission and are a point of heightened crisis and fear within the global crisis. Critical public health tools to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 are medical isolation and quarantine, but use of these tools is complicated in prisons and jails where decades of overuse of punitive solitary confinement is the norm. This has resulted in advocates denouncing the use of any form of isolation and attorneys litigating to end its use. It is essential to clarify the critical differences between punitive solitary confinement and the ethical use of medical isolation and quarantine during a pandemic. By doing so, then all those invested in stopping the spread of COVID-19 in prisons can work together to integrate medically sound, humane forms of medical isolation and quarantine that follow community standards of care rather than punitive forms of solitary confinement to manage COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32632787/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05968-y id: cord-347454-zs909ldm author: DePuccio, Matthew J. title: Patients’ Perceptions About Medical Record Privacy and Security: Implications for Withholding of Information During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-31 words: 950 sentences: 49 pages: flesch: 42 cache: ./cache/cord-347454-zs909ldm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347454-zs909ldm.txt summary: title: Patients'' Perceptions About Medical Record Privacy and Security: Implications for Withholding of Information During the COVID-19 Pandemic As withholding information can compromise providers'' ability to deliver appropriate care, the accuracy of public health surveillance system data, and even population health efforts to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, we need to understand how patients'' concerns about the privacy and security of their medical information may lead to information-withholding behaviors. One survey section asked about patients'' attitudes toward use of health information technology, including their perceptions about information security risks and privacy. The dependent variable for this study was the answer to the question "Have you ever kept information from your healthcare provider because you were concerned about the privacy or security of your medical record?" (yes/no). Concern about security and privacy, and perceived control over collection and use of health information are related to withholding of health information from healthcare providers abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32737791/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05998-6 id: cord-332728-72yq43sw author: Flentje, Annesa title: Depression and Anxiety Changes Among Sexual and Gender Minority People Coinciding with Onset of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-17 words: 881 sentences: 53 pages: flesch: 53 cache: ./cache/cord-332728-72yq43sw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332728-72yq43sw.txt summary: title: Depression and Anxiety Changes Among Sexual and Gender Minority People Coinciding with Onset of COVID-19 Pandemic Marginalized populations, such as sexual and gender minority people (i.e., non-heterosexual people and transgender or gender-expansive people, respectively) may be particularly at risk for adverse impacts of the pandemic due to preexisting economic and health factors. 1 We set out to document changes in depression and anxiety within The PRIDE Study, a longitudinal cohort of sexual and gender minority people, a vulnerable population. The PRIDE Study, a longitudinal cohort study of sexual and gender minority people, 2 were included if they completed mental health measures in the 2019 Annual Questionnaire (timepoint 1, June 2019-ongoing at time of data extraction) and in a COVID-19 impact ancillary study (timepoint 2, March 23, 2020, through April 19, 2020). A digital health research platform for community engagement, recruitment, and retention of sexual and gender minority adults in a national longitudinal cohort study-The PRIDE Study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32556877/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05970-4 id: cord-349099-s33nd9hz author: Gaffney, Adam W. title: Home Sick with Coronavirus Symptoms: a National Study, April–May 2020 date: 2020-09-10 words: 1139 sentences: 63 pages: flesch: 56 cache: ./cache/cord-349099-s33nd9hz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349099-s33nd9hz.txt summary: 3 We compared the demographic characteristics, health insurance status, food insecurity, and prevalence of COVID-19 in their state of residence 4 (divided into quartiles), of those selecting this response to two other groups: (1) those working and (2) persons out-ofwork because of a non-coronavirus-related illness/ disability. We performed univariate logistic regressions to evaluate the association of each factor with being out-sick due to coronavirus symptoms relative to each comparator group. Our sample included 89,490 adults working the past week, 457 out-sick with coronavirus symptoms, and 3503 out-ofwork because of a non-coronavirus illness/disability. Minority race/ethnicity, low income, and residence in a state with high COVID prevalence were associated with work absence because of coronavirus symptoms in April-May 2020. This national-level evidence of the disparate impact of COVID-19 bolsters reports based on diagnoses from regions and hospital systems, 1 as well as our previous findings of an increase in illness-related work absence in April that disproportionately affected minorities. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32914273/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06159-5 id: cord-259952-58q4ma92 author: Ganson, Kyle T. title: Associations between Anxiety and Depression Symptoms and Medical Care Avoidance during COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 words: 958 sentences: 59 pages: flesch: 55 cache: ./cache/cord-259952-58q4ma92.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259952-58q4ma92.txt summary: Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, emergency health care utilization has acutely declined by 23% for heart attacks, 20% for strokes, and 10% for hyperglycemic crises. We fitted modified multivariable Poisson regression models to estimate the associations between four mental health symptoms (nervous, anxious, or on edge; not being able to stop or control worrying; little interest or pleasure in doing things; feeling down, depressed, or hopeless) in the past 7 days and medical care avoidance (delayed medical care; needed non-coronavirus medical care but did not get it) due to the coronavirus pandemic in the past 4 weeks. Individuals who experience all four symptoms of anxiety and depression had higher adjusted relative risk ratios of delayed medical care and not receiving needed non-coronavirus medical care, after adjustment for potential confounders (Table 2) . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06156-8 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06156-8 id: cord-355851-t8xh6327 author: Goodman, Christopher W. title: Accessibility of Virtual Visits for Urgent Care Among US Hospitals: a Descriptive Analysis date: 2020-05-18 words: 887 sentences: 66 pages: flesch: 42 cache: ./cache/cord-355851-t8xh6327.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355851-t8xh6327.txt summary: title: Accessibility of Virtual Visits for Urgent Care Among US Hospitals: a Descriptive Analysis 3 Many hospitals now offer real-time "virtual visits" for common urgent care through their websites, which offer an opportunity to assess the accessibility of a typical telehealth service. Many hospitals have begun offering virtual visits for urgent care with real-time connectivity through their websites. Hospitals used different names for these services such as "e-visits," "virtual urgent care," and "virtual visits." We included links to primary care visits if the website clearly indicated quick access for urgent care. We examined hospital websites and their virtual visit sites, focusing on three accessibility characteristics: general availability, language accommodations, and affordability. Even among hospitals with publicly accessible virtual visits, further limitations included geographic limitations (i.e., accessing care across state lines) and exclusions for chronic health conditions. Virtual visits were not easily or equitably accessible; in general, navigation of hospital websites was challenging. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32424785/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05888-x id: cord-276026-etj5vpg5 author: Hu, Jiun-Ruey title: COVID-19 and Asian American Pacific Islanders date: 2020-06-12 words: 822 sentences: 55 pages: flesch: 55 cache: ./cache/cord-276026-etj5vpg5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276026-etj5vpg5.txt summary: The American Psychiatric Association''s DSM-5 Outline for Cultural Formulation notes that "Experiences of racism and discrimination in the larger society may impede establishing trust and safety in the clinical diagnostic encounter. 6 Although no validated intervention for COVID-19-related discrimination exists yet, bystanders may be empowered by current frameworks for bystander intervention, such as from the 4 Ds of Bystander Intervention (Distract, Delegate, Direct, Delay) adapted by the American Friends Service Committee to combat racism, to the Interrupt, Question, Acknowledge, Educate, Echo framework adapted from the Southern Poverty Law Center to promote tolerance in teaching. While there has been an increase in the use of hashtags that encourage violence against Chinese people, there has also been a spike in anti-Semitic hashtags espousing racist tropes about the virus "being used to kill off large portions of the population." 8 As a medical community, we must make it clear to society that the racist rhetoric of blame threatens mental health and even lives-as we have already seen with the stabbing of the Burmese-American family. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05953-5 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05953-5 id: cord-304839-lesa5u2n author: Jiang, Fang title: Review of the Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-04 words: 1896 sentences: 152 pages: flesch: 57 cache: ./cache/cord-304839-lesa5u2n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304839-lesa5u2n.txt summary: In late December 2019, a cluster of cases with 2019 Novel Coronavirus pneumonia (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, aroused worldwide concern. On January 7, 2020, researchers rapidly isolated a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, also referred to as 2019-nCoV) from confirmed infected pneumonia patients. 3 We reviewed the published clinical features, symptoms, complications, and treatments of patients with COVID-19 to help health workers around the world combat the current outbreak. Keywords used were "COVID-19," "2019 novel coronavirus," "SARS-CoV-2," "2019-nCoV," "Wuhan coronavirus," and "Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus." After careful screening, six published articles with confirmed cases were identified and included in this review. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan abstract: In late December 2019, a cluster of cases with 2019 Novel Coronavirus pneumonia (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, aroused worldwide concern. Previous studies have reported epidemiological and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this brief review is to summarize those published studies as of late February 2020 on the clinical features, symptoms, complications, and treatments of COVID-19 and help provide guidance for frontline medical staff in the clinical management of this outbreak. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32133578/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05762-w id: cord-284795-0eoyxz78 author: Khetan, Aditya K. title: COVID-19: Why Declining Biodiversity Puts Us at Greater Risk for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and What We Can Do date: 2020-06-25 words: 719 sentences: 48 pages: flesch: 58 cache: ./cache/cord-284795-0eoyxz78.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284795-0eoyxz78.txt summary: For Nipah, the fruit bats contaminated date palm sap, which was then consumed by humans who thus got infected. While public health measures, including surveillance of emerging disease hotspots, can be helpful as near-term strategies, they cannot substitute for a long-term solution that conserves biodiversity. Human activities that drive loss of biodiversity are also directly tied to climate change and increasing water scarcity. This agricultural land expansion has mostly been for farming animals (for meat and other animal products such as dairy), soybean production, and palm oil production. 5 Given the significant contribution of human meat consumption to loss of biodiversity, decreasing such consumption must be recognized as a major priority for decreasing the incidence of EID over the medium to long term. It is estimated that 25% of global GHG emissions are the result of agriculture, most of it from the farming of animals for human consumption. Evolution in action: climate change, biodiversity dynamics and emerging infectious disease abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32588178/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05977-x id: cord-350321-jy4i403g author: Ku, Benson S. title: Associations Between Primary Care Provider Shortage Areas and County-Level COVID-19 Infection and Mortality Rates in the USA date: 2020-08-21 words: 755 sentences: 43 pages: flesch: 51 cache: ./cache/cord-350321-jy4i403g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350321-jy4i403g.txt summary: title: Associations Between Primary Care Provider Shortage Areas and County-Level COVID-19 Infection and Mortality Rates in the USA 1 However, it is not known whether shortage areas are associated with higher COVID-19 infection or mortality rates. This study investigates the hypothesis that primary care HPSAs are associated with higher rates of COVID-19 infection and mortality. 3 The 2013 rural-urban continuum codes used to classify rurality and whole county primary care HPSAs were separately derived from the 2018 Area Health Resource File. Generalized linear mixed models with negative binomial distribution were used to test the associations of primary care HPSAs and COVID-19 rates, controlling for time, rurality, population, and six county-level socioeconomic variables. Our findings suggest that primary care provider shortage areas with reported COVID-19 cases face a higher burden of COVID-19 infections and death even after adjusting for socioeconomic and other county-level factors. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32827110/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06130-4 id: cord-325181-d2cqarep author: Kusner, Jonathan title: An Underused Treatment Strategy: Voter Enfranchisement date: 2020-10-19 words: 1977 sentences: 106 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-325181-d2cqarep.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325181-d2cqarep.txt summary: Providers at community health centers (CHCs) are facing unique challenges in this landscape, serving as essential workers themselves while looking for ways to support some of the most vulnerable patients in the nation-many of whom bear the greatest burden of COVID-19, economic recession, and racial injustice, but whose voices are also often left out of the national political conversation. VotER (https://vot-er.org/) is a nonpartisan voter readiness initiative that specifically seeks to engage healthcare professionals in "inviting (patient) voices into the democratic process." To facilitate this, they offer their Health Democracy Kit, which allows healthcare providers to direct patients to an online voter registration platform that walks patients through voter registration in a state-specific manner. Our experience demonstrated how easily healthcare-based non-partisan voter registration can be coordinated and offered to patients in a way that does not burden providers or interrupt clinic work flows. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33078299/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06286-z id: cord-322066-m8dphaml author: Kutscher, Eric title: Primary Care Providers: Discuss COVID-19-Related Goals of Care with Your Vulnerable Patients Now date: 2020-05-06 words: 802 sentences: 49 pages: flesch: 60 cache: ./cache/cord-322066-m8dphaml.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322066-m8dphaml.txt summary: All of these unknowns often result in doctors uncomfortable in talking about risks and benefits of intubation with their patients until it is clear that the patient has progressed to a point of needing respiratory support. We as primary care doctors have the privilege of knowing our patients the best. We must also ask our patients about what medical interventions they would want if they were to contract COVID-19 and require respiratory support. Given the data we know about COVID-19 and the risks and benefits of intubation, we must use our best medical judgment to help patients understand realistic outcomes and make informed decisions. The role of the primary care doctor is to partner with our patients to help them find their voice in the medical system. It means helping many of our beloved patients understand that "do not intubate" is most likely the best choice for them. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32378009/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05862-7 id: cord-337120-irpm5g7g author: Lee, Bruce Y. title: The Role of Internists During Epidemics, Outbreaks, and Bioterrorist Attacks date: 2007-01-13 words: 3376 sentences: 208 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-337120-irpm5g7g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337120-irpm5g7g.txt summary: Therefore, Internists must understand early warning signs of different bioterrorist and infectious agents, proper reporting channels and measures, various ways that they can assist the public health response, and roles of different local, state, and federal agencies. During the past half decade, well-publicized events, including the anthrax mail attacks, 1 Hurricane Katrina, 2 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 3, 4 have reminded us that epidemics, disease outbreaks, bioterrorist attacks, and natural disasters can occur. Therefore, Internists must understand early warning signs of bioterrorist and infectious agents, proper reporting channels and measures, and ways that they can help contain and treat the consequences of epidemics, outbreaks, and attacks. Internists suspecting an attack or epidemic should immediately inform the local or state health department and contain any possible threat in their clinics, especially if the agent is contagious. Bioterrorist attacks and epidemics require physicians to quickly transmit patient and case information to other health care personnel and appropriate authorities. abstract: Internists are well-positioned to play significant roles in recognizing and responding to epidemics, outbreaks, and bioterrorist attacks. They see large numbers of patients with various health problems and may be the patients’ only interaction with the medical community for symptoms resulting from infectious diseases and injuries from radiation, chemicals, and/or burns. Therefore, Internists must understand early warning signs of different bioterrorist and infectious agents, proper reporting channels and measures, various ways that they can assist the public health response, and roles of different local, state, and federal agencies. In addition, it is important to understand effects of a public health disaster on clinic operations and relevant legal consequences. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17351853/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-006-0030-2 id: cord-283917-jumgb0hs author: Li, Hang Long title: The Proportion of Adult Americans at Risk of Severe COVID-19 Illness date: 2020-10-26 words: 1275 sentences: 77 pages: flesch: 60 cache: ./cache/cord-283917-jumgb0hs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283917-jumgb0hs.txt summary: The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced on July 17, 2020, that conditions including obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are well-established risk factors predisposing individuals to severe illness from COVID-19. In this analysis, participants in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016 2 aged ≥ 20 years were included. There were minor differences in the percentage of people with ≥ 1 established and ≥ 1 any risk factor according to sex, ethnicity, education, and income level, but the percentages remained around 60% and 75%, respectively. This is the first study to estimate the proportion of the Americans in the general population at risk from severe COVID-19 illness using data from a nationally representative survey. 4 Our study shows that obesity and hypertension are the leading risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness, especially in those aged < 50 years. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06325-9 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06325-9 id: cord-260322-b2493coe author: Mehring, William M. title: Initial Experience with a COVID-19 Web-Based Patient Self-assessment Tool date: 2020-06-15 words: 688 sentences: 38 pages: flesch: 52 cache: ./cache/cord-260322-b2493coe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260322-b2493coe.txt summary: title: Initial Experience with a COVID-19 Web-Based Patient Self-assessment Tool As the COVID-19 pandemic spreads, patients experiencing symptoms potentially attributable to the disease require timely assessment. Automated assessment tools-such as digital self-assessment applications-offer a potential strategy for providing guidance to patients without requiring direct attention from healthcare professionals. [2] [3] [4] Our team recently developed a web-based COVID-19 selfassessment tool, available in English and Spanish, offering guidance for patients experiencing potential COVID-19 symptoms. A total of 276,560 assessments were completed, and users reported symptoms potentially attributable to COVID-19 69.6% of the time. Of those with mild symptoms, 7.1% reported direct exposure to someone with confirmed COVID-19; for these users, our tool recommends consideration of telephone consultation with a healthcare professional to determine the need for testing. In our analysis of almost 300,000 digital self-assessments from our COVID-19 self-assessment tool, 69.6% of users reported symptoms potentially attributable to COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05893-0 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05893-0 id: cord-339533-r0qsqjus author: Mein, Stephen A title: COVID-19 and Health Disparities: the Reality of “the Great Equalizer” date: 2020-05-14 words: 1111 sentences: 78 pages: flesch: 52 cache: ./cache/cord-339533-r0qsqjus.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339533-r0qsqjus.txt summary: Pandemics have the unique ability to amplify existing health inequalities, disproportionately affecting socially disadvantaged groups, including racial and ethnic minorities and low-income populations. Racial and ethnic minorities are at both a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 and suffering worse outcomes. 5, 6 Once infected, racial and ethnic minorities are at a greater risk of increased disease severity. 7 Previous epidemiological studies have consistently shown many of these conditions to be more prevalent in racial/ethnic minorities, likely contributing to the worse health outcomes seen from COVID-19. Until recently, there has been minimal comprehensive demographic data reported from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or other governing bodies around the racial/ethnic characteristics of patients infected with COVID-19. Health disparities have long plagued our country and greatly impacted racial and ethnic minorities. Protection of racial/ethnic minority populations during an influenza pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32410124/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05880-5 id: cord-317440-898r34h2 author: Meiselbach, Mark K. title: Charges of COVID-19 Diagnostic Testing and Antibody Testing Across Facility Types and States date: 2020-09-15 words: 912 sentences: 64 pages: flesch: 64 cache: ./cache/cord-317440-898r34h2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317440-898r34h2.txt summary: title: Charges of COVID-19 Diagnostic Testing and Antibody Testing Across Facility Types and States The CARES Act requires that private plans that do not have a negotiated rate with the provider pay the price publicly listed by the provider for COVID-19 testing, which is usually the same as or a percentage of the charge. In this study, we aim to examine the charges for the most commonly performed COVID-19 diagnostic test (CPT code: 87635) and antibody test (CPT code: 86769) across facility types and states. For COVID-19 diagnostic testing, the mean, median, and standard deviations of charges were $144.06, $100.00 (IQR $67.00-$155.00), and $162.18. A small proportion of COVID-19 diagnostic testing and antibody testing services, provided in selected states, had charges that far exceeded the Medicare rate. Anderson, PhD 1,2 a b Figure 2 Average charges for COVID-19 testing, by state. States that had ten or fewer claims were classified as "No data." The Medicare reimbursement rate is $51.31. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32935319/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06198-y id: cord-339701-j0sr3ifq author: Mikami, Takahisa title: Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 in New York City date: 2020-06-30 words: 3406 sentences: 183 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-339701-j0sr3ifq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339701-j0sr3ifq.txt summary: PARTICIPANTS: 6493 patients who had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with clinical outcomes between March 13 and April 17, 2020, who were seen in one of the 8 hospitals and/or over 400 ambulatory practices in the New York City metropolitan area MAIN MEASURES: Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Cox proportional hazard regression modeling showed an increased risk of in-hospital mortality associated with age older than 50 years (hazard ratio [HR] 2.34, CI 1.47–3.71), systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg (HR 1.38, CI 1.06–1.80), a respiratory rate greater than 24 per min (HR 1.43, CI 1.13–1.83), peripheral oxygen saturation less than 92% (HR 2.12, CI 1.56–2.88), estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) (HR 1.80, CI 1.60–2.02), IL-6 greater than 100 pg/mL (HR 1.50, CI 1.12–2.03), D-dimer greater than 2 mcg/mL (HR 1.19, CI 1.02–1.39), and troponin greater than 0.03 ng/mL (HR 1.40, CI 1.23–1.62). In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in ambulatory and inpatient settings and identify risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: New York City emerged as an epicenter of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with mortality in a large patient population in the USA. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: 6493 patients who had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with clinical outcomes between March 13 and April 17, 2020, who were seen in one of the 8 hospitals and/or over 400 ambulatory practices in the New York City metropolitan area MAIN MEASURES: Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality. KEY RESULTS: A total of 858 of 6493 (13.2%) patients in our total cohort died: 52/2785 (1.9%) ambulatory patients and 806/3708 (21.7%) hospitalized patients. Cox proportional hazard regression modeling showed an increased risk of in-hospital mortality associated with age older than 50 years (hazard ratio [HR] 2.34, CI 1.47–3.71), systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg (HR 1.38, CI 1.06–1.80), a respiratory rate greater than 24 per min (HR 1.43, CI 1.13–1.83), peripheral oxygen saturation less than 92% (HR 2.12, CI 1.56–2.88), estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) (HR 1.80, CI 1.60–2.02), IL-6 greater than 100 pg/mL (HR 1.50, CI 1.12–2.03), D-dimer greater than 2 mcg/mL (HR 1.19, CI 1.02–1.39), and troponin greater than 0.03 ng/mL (HR 1.40, CI 1.23–1.62). Decreased risk of in-hospital mortality was associated with female sex (HR 0.84, CI 0.77–0.90), African American race (HR 0.78 CI 0.65–0.95), and hydroxychloroquine use (HR 0.53, CI 0.41–0.67). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with COVID-19, older age, male sex, hypotension, tachypnea, hypoxia, impaired renal function, elevated D-dimer, and elevated troponin were associated with increased in-hospital mortality and hydroxychloroquine use was associated with decreased in-hospital mortality. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11606-020-05983-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32607928/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05983-z id: cord-261173-lnjh56ts author: Misra-Hebert, Anita D. title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers’ Risk of Infection and Outcomes in a Large, Integrated Health System date: 2020-09-01 words: 3574 sentences: 166 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-261173-lnjh56ts.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261173-lnjh56ts.txt summary: In this study, we aimed to assess whether HCW are at higher risk for COVID-19 infection, COVID-19-related hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission compared to non-HCW using advanced statistical methodology to account for various confounders. 23 For the outcomes of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admission of COVID-19 testpositive patients, the propensity score covariates are those that were found associated with COVID-19 hospitalization outcome in our previous work including age, race, ethnicity, gender, smoking history, body mass index, median income, population per housing unit, presenting symptoms (including fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, diarrhea, vomiting), comorbidities (including asthma, hypertension, diabetes, immunosuppressive disease), medications (including immunosuppressive treatment, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]), and laboratory values (including pre-testing platelets, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, chloride, and potassium). [7] [8] [9] [10] 12 The fact that HCW identified as patient facing had a significantly higher odds for SARS-CoV-2 test positivity suggests an increased risk of COVID-19 infection with work exposure. abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers (HCW) is crucial. OBJECTIVE: Utilizing a health system COVID-19 research registry, we assessed HCW risk for COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study with overlap propensity score weighting. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large academic healthcare system (N = 72,909) from March 8–June 9, 2020, stratified by HCW and patient-facing status. MAIN MEASURES: SARS-CoV-2 test result, hospitalization, and ICU admission for COVID-19 infection. KEY RESULTS: Of 72,909 individuals tested, 9.0% (551) of 6145 HCW tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared to 6.5% (4353) of 66,764 non-HCW. The HCW were younger than the non-HCW (median age 39.7 vs. 57.5, p < 0.001) with more females (proportion of males 21.5 vs. 44.9%, p < 0.001), higher reporting of COVID-19 exposure (72 vs. 17%, p < 0.001), and fewer comorbidities. However, the overlap propensity score weighted proportions were 8.9 vs. 7.7 for HCW vs. non-HCW having a positive test with weighted odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99–1.38. Among those testing positive, weighted proportions for hospitalization were 7.4 vs. 15.9 for HCW vs. non-HCW with OR of 0.42 (CI 0.26–0.66) and for ICU admission: 2.2 vs. 4.5 for HCW vs. non-HCW with OR of 0.48 (CI 0.20–1.04). Those HCW identified as patient facing compared to not had increased odds of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test (OR 1.60, CI 1.08–2.39, proportions 8.6 vs. 5.5), but no statistically significant increase in hospitalization (OR 0.88, CI 0.20–3.66, proportions 10.2 vs. 11.4) and ICU admission (OR 0.34, CI 0.01–3.97, proportions 1.8 vs. 5.2). CONCLUSIONS: In a large healthcare system, HCW had similar odds for testing SARS-CoV-2 positive, but lower odds of hospitalization compared to non-HCW. Patient-facing HCW had higher odds of a positive test. These results are key to understanding HCW risk mitigation during the COVID-19 pandemic. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11606-020-06171-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06171-9 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06171-9 id: cord-266266-ekxnn9bo author: Miyawaki, Atsushi title: Lessons from Influenza Outbreaks for Potential Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Hospitalizations, Ventilator Use, and Mortality Among Homeless Persons in New York State date: 2020-06-04 words: 796 sentences: 54 pages: flesch: 49 cache: ./cache/cord-266266-ekxnn9bo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266266-ekxnn9bo.txt summary: title: Lessons from Influenza Outbreaks for Potential Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Hospitalizations, Ventilator Use, and Mortality Among Homeless Persons in New York State To address this knowledge gap, using influenza outbreaks as an example, we investigated health care use among the homeless population hospitalized in New York State. 5 Next, we compared the utilization of care and patient outcomes (hospitalization through emergency department [ED], mechanical ventilation use [non-invasive or invasive], and in-hospital death) between homeless versus nonhomeless patients using multivariable modified Poisson regression models. Homeless patients experienced a higher rate of hospitalization for influenza than non-homeless persons throughout the observation period (Fig. 1) . The difference was particularly salient for the pandemic of H1N1 influenza in 2009: hospitalization rates were 2.9 per 1000 for homeless versus 0.1 per 1000 for non-homeless populations. Using the population-based data, including all hospitalizations for influenza in New York, we found that homeless persons had higher utilization of care compared with non-homeless persons. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05876-1 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05876-1 id: cord-270876-kul6bs3w author: Morris, Nathaniel P. title: Virtual Visits and the Future of No-Shows date: 2020-06-08 words: 1301 sentences: 71 pages: flesch: 53 cache: ./cache/cord-270876-kul6bs3w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270876-kul6bs3w.txt summary: 2 By allowing patients to remotely attend appointments through audiovisual applications, virtual visits bring promise for decreasing outpatient no-shows. Patients can attend virtual visits from anywhere, including their homes, their workplaces, or even their parked cars, decreasing the burdens of making it to in-person appointments. In the study of general surgery outpatients from 2018, 123 (55%) of 223 patients reported they would prefer in-person appointments over virtual ones, even when accounting for the time and cost of coming to in-person appointments. 2 Patients and clinicians might struggle with setting up the technology needed for virtual visits, which might waste time and resources. For example, a 2019 study from Canada of home virtual visits for 75 patients at a stroke prevention clinic reported a no-show rate of 2 (3%) out of 81 appointments, but the study did not include comparisons of no-show rates for in-person clinic visits. Why do patients miss their appointments at primary care clinics? abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05948-2 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05948-2 id: cord-286679-g67ewzlp author: Ordaz-Johnson, Omar H. title: More Than a Statistic: a Qualitative Study of COVID-19 Treatment and Prevention Optimization for Black Americans date: 2020-10-06 words: 841 sentences: 49 pages: flesch: 36 cache: ./cache/cord-286679-g67ewzlp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286679-g67ewzlp.txt summary: 4 Community-based methods and partnerships with underrepresented populations can increase trust and study participation; accordingly, we sought to understand potential barriers specific to COVID-19 treatment and prevention in Black Americans using focus groups. Regarding optimized treatments for and prevention of COVID-19 among Black Americans, three major themes emerged: patient autonomy, holism, and structural racism. Emergent themes in our focus groups suggest that community involvement at the outset is critical for proper needs assessments, as well as in subsequent design and implementation of any new approaches aimed at assessing or reducing unfair burden of morbidity and mortality due to conditions disproportionately affecting Black Americans. Overall, findings highlight the importance of understanding community concerns about the orchestration of optimized treatments for COVID-19 among Black Americans, and underscore the health benefits of building community trust through early research involvement. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06259-2 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06259-2 id: cord-326399-ey8g4pom author: Phadke, Neelam A. title: Trends in Ambulatory Electronic Consultations During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-18 words: 915 sentences: 52 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-326399-ey8g4pom.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326399-ey8g4pom.txt summary: title: Trends in Ambulatory Electronic Consultations During the COVID-19 Pandemic Hypothesizing that e-consult requests would increase during the pandemic, we sought to define COVID-19associated changes in e-consult requests. We assessed daily volumes from February 1, 2020, through April 1, 2020; the defined date of "intervention" was March 11, 2020, when Massachusetts declared a COVID-19-related state of emergency. We describe a significant increase in e-consult utilization relative to traditional ambulatory referrals following the COVID-19-related state of emergency declaration in Massachusetts. These results suggest an increase in e-consult utilization associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. This question is electronically transmitted to a specialist physician who reviews the question and clinical information in the EHR and provides clinical guidance including recommendations for further diagnostic testing or therapeutic management via a note entered in the patient''s EHR. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32424786/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05878-z id: cord-301399-s2i6qfjn author: Rana, Jamal S. title: Changes in Mortality in Top 10 Causes of Death from 2011 to 2018 date: 2020-07-23 words: 795 sentences: 49 pages: flesch: 71 cache: ./cache/cord-301399-s2i6qfjn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301399-s2i6qfjn.txt summary: Therefore, we examined changes in the number of deaths and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) attributed to the top 10 causes of death between 2011 and 2018, the last year we have data available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We chose 2011 as the start date because of earlier work showing a transition in 2011 in 2 of the top 10 causes of death (heart disease and stroke) from a long-term decline to increasing numbers of deaths since then. Important patterns of change in AAMR in the past decade have been previously noted, from stalling of the decline in mortality due to heart disease 1 to decrease in life expectancy attributed to drug overdoses and suicides among young and middle-aged adults. Further, the ≥ 65 years population is projected to increase by 39% from 52.4 million in 2018 to 73.1 million in 2030 3 so that the number of deaths from most of the 10 leading causes can be expected to increase unless more effective preventive and therapeutic interventions can be implemented. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32705476/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06070-z id: cord-280410-j32tuj5s author: Rose, Adam J. title: COVID-Related Disruption—Finding the Silver Lining date: 2020-08-31 words: 786 sentences: 47 pages: flesch: 72 cache: ./cache/cord-280410-j32tuj5s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280410-j32tuj5s.txt summary: Growing evidence shows that many non-COVID patients have stayed home with obvious heart attack symptoms rather than coming into the hospital, for fear of catching This has led to patients dying at home, increases in otherwise rare complications such as ventricular wall rupture, 2 and generally to unnecessarily severe complications from events that might have been easily managed under usual circumstances. Cancer treatment has been delayed or disrupted in many cases, despite valiant efforts by healthcare workers to continue it. COVID-19 has not been good for medical care delivery, for patients, or for healthcare workers. While some (or even many) disruptions have been bad for patients and the healthcare system, others seem to have been helpful. Certainly, readers can furnish many examples of how COVID-19 has been bad for care delivery in their area of expertise, their clinic, or their hospital. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06173-7 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06173-7 id: cord-348026-t1jkeu3d author: Ruhnke, Gregory W. title: Physician Supply During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: the Role of Hazard Pay date: 2020-06-10 words: 1275 sentences: 66 pages: flesch: 41 cache: ./cache/cord-348026-t1jkeu3d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348026-t1jkeu3d.txt summary: 7 As a result, hazard pay offered to medical students willing to risk exposure to COVID-19 now may reduce their debt burden and potentiate the creation of more primary care physicians, a dearth of whom has been a significant health policy concern. However, there are several ways in which hazard pay might be financed based on local considerations and institutional structures: (a) small compulsory contributions from physicians (perhaps exempting those required to take unpaid furloughs) at a given institution not caring for COVID-19 patients by choice or due to risk factors for bad outcomes if infected; (b) public funding, such as the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2020; and (c) private foundations offering funding for COVID-19 response efforts. Hazard pay could of course be considered for all physicians risking their health to care for infected patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32524249/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05931-x id: cord-336577-uvnbgsds author: Salazar, James W. title: Sunset Rounds: a Framework for Post-death Care in the Hospital date: 2020-10-01 words: 1069 sentences: 64 pages: flesch: 55 cache: ./cache/cord-336577-uvnbgsds.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336577-uvnbgsds.txt summary: Notification of survivors -Determine the most appropriate patient contact and the team-member best suited to disclose -Use "SPIKES" 2 principles and the words "died" or "death" -Offer assistance in sharing the news with other friends or family -Consider saying a few closing words honoring the patient Care team should include primary physicians and nurses, relevant consultants (e.g., palliative care), spiritual personnel, and decedent affairs team members Death in the context of COVID-19: For specific guidance on the safe management of a dead body in the context of COVID-19 and how it may inform the above framework, please refer to the World Health Organization Interim Guidance 3 *State reporting guidelines can be found at: https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/publications/topic/coroner.html †Local Networks can be found at: https://www.organdonor.gov/awareness/organizations/local-opo.html is important that we work collectively to care for each other, support our survivors, and honor the sunsets of our patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33006080/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06249-4 id: cord-332729-f1e334g0 author: Shah, Nirav R. title: An Impact-Oriented Approach to Epidemiological Modeling date: 2020-09-21 words: 1638 sentences: 115 pages: flesch: 52 cache: ./cache/cord-332729-f1e334g0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332729-f1e334g0.txt summary: 5 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently added policy development as a sixth item in its list of the major tasks of epidemiology in public health, but there remains no mention of the impact on the general public. For instance, the Covid Act Now (CAN) model is fully open-source, along with its data inputs (available at https://covidactnow.org). Both the New York Times and Georgetown University''s Center for Global Health, Science, and Security (available at https://covidamp.org/) have begun to collect data on COVID-19 policies by state and effective dates, including shelter-in-place and reopening orders. These eight considerations may enable COVID-19 data and models to become better harbingers of actionable, behavior-changing, and even life-saving information; to bridge the gap between scientific public health expertise and mainstream, layperson Are the data and model''s mechanisms and data sources publicly available for fact-checking and validation? abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06230-1 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06230-1 id: cord-339508-nf6ov39g author: Weil, Ana A. title: Cross-Sectional Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Skilled Nursing Facility Employees and Residents Across Facilities in Seattle date: 2020-09-01 words: 3734 sentences: 207 pages: flesch: 48 cache: ./cache/cord-339508-nf6ov39g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339508-nf6ov39g.txt summary: In this study, we describe the results of cross-sectional resident and employee SARS-CoV-2 testing, and infection control and personnel policies associated with 16 Seattle area SNFs. Through two testing strategies, a total of 16 SNFs offered testing to either residents, employees, or both. For employees tested through the Seattle Flu Study, data included participant date of birth, date of testing, race and ethnicity, location and nature of work, new symptoms experienced during the last 7 days, and history of SARS-CoV-2 testing (Appendix 1 in the Supplementary Material). For employees, positive or inconclusive SARS-CoV-2 test results were reported directly to participants by phone within 48 h and to the Washington State Department of Health. We report the results of a large cross-sectional study evaluating SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) in the Seattle area during the spring 2020 peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: Skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) are high-risk settings for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Infection rates among employees are infrequently described. OBJECTIVE: To describe SARS-CoV-2 rates among SNF employees and residents during a non-outbreak time period, we measured cross-sectional SARS-CoV-2 prevalence across multiple sites in the Seattle area. DESIGN: SARS-CoV-2 testing was performed for SNF employees and residents using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. A subset of employees completed a sociodemographic and symptom questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS: Between March 29 and May 13, 2020, we tested 1583 employees and 1208 residents at 16 SNFs for SARS-CoV-2. MAIN MEASURE: SARS-CoV-2 testing results and symptom report among employees and residents. KEY RESULTS: Eleven of the 16 SNFs had one or more resident or employee test positive. Overall, 46 (2.9%) employees had positive or inconclusive testing for SARS-CoV-2, and among those who completed surveys, most were asymptomatic and involved in direct patient care. The majority of employees tested were female (934, 73%), and most employees were Asian (392, 30%), Black (360, 28%), or white (360, 28%). Among the 1208 residents tested, 110 (9.1%) had positive or inconclusive results. There was no association between the presence of positive residents and positive employees within a SNF (p = 0.62, McNemar’s test). CONCLUSIONS: In the largest study of SNFs to date, SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected among both employees and residents. Employees testing positive were often asymptomatic and involved in direct patient care. Surveillance testing is needed for SNF employees and residents during the pandemic response. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11606-020-06165-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32875494/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06165-7 id: cord-297935-fk9j7q67 author: Wilson, Ellen K. title: Patients’ and Caregivers’ Experiences with the Multi-Payer Advanced Primary Care Practice Demonstration date: 2020-09-11 words: 4934 sentences: 203 pages: flesch: 50 cache: ./cache/cord-297935-fk9j7q67.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297935-fk9j7q67.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To understand Medicaid and Medicare patient and caregiver experiences with PCMHs participating in the Multi-Payer Advanced Primary Care Practice (MAPCP) Demonstration. Separate groups were held for Medicare high-risk, Medicare low-risk, Medicaid, and dually eligible beneficiaries, their caregivers, and caregivers of Medicaid children (or, in Vermont, with patients participating in the Support and Services at Home program), in two different geographical areas in each state. In recent years, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and other payers have invested significant resources in testing the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model as a means to improve the organization and delivery of primary health care and reduce health care expenditures. Through CMS''s involvement, Medicare partnered with Medicaid and commercial payers to make payments to participating primary care practices to support PCMH transformation activities, including extending office hours, staffing care teams, coordinating care, and enhancing electronic health record (EHR) capabilities. abstract: BACKGROUND: The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model aims to improve primary health care using a patient-centered approach. Little qualitative research has investigated how the PCMH model affects patient experience with care. OBJECTIVE: To understand Medicaid and Medicare patient and caregiver experiences with PCMHs participating in the Multi-Payer Advanced Primary Care Practice (MAPCP) Demonstration. DESIGN: Qualitative study. PARTICIPANTS: Medicare, Medicaid, and dually eligible patients who were patients in primary care practices participating in the MAPCP Demonstration and caregivers of such patients (N = 490). APPROACH: From July through November 2014, a trained facilitator conducted 81 focus groups in the eight states participating in the MAPCP Demonstration. Separate groups were held for Medicare high-risk, Medicare low-risk, Medicaid, and dually eligible beneficiaries, their caregivers, and caregivers of Medicaid children (or, in Vermont, with patients participating in the Support and Services at Home program), in two different geographical areas in each state. Focus group discussions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using NVivo qualitative data analysis software. RESULTS: Participants’ experiences with care were generally consistent with the expectations of a PCMH, although some exceptions were noted. Medicaid only and dually eligible beneficiaries generally had less-positive experiences than Medicare beneficiaries. Most participants said their practices had not solicited feedback from them about their experiences with care. Few participants knew what the term “medical home” meant or were aware that their practices were working to become PCMHs, but many had noticed changes in recent years, primarily related to the conversion to electronic health records. CONCLUSIONS: Most participants had positive experiences with their care. Opportunities exist, however, to improve care for Medicaid and dually eligible beneficiaries, and enhance patient awareness of and involvement in PCMH practice transformation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32918203/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06177-3 id: cord-327463-uw3rhkf3 author: Xiao, Roy title: Price Transparency for COVID-19 Testing Among Top US Hospitals date: 2020-09-18 words: 934 sentences: 66 pages: flesch: 59 cache: ./cache/cord-327463-uw3rhkf3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327463-uw3rhkf3.txt summary: 1 Under the CARES Act, private insurers are required to cover in vitro diagnostic testing for COVID-19 without patient cost sharing or other barriers during the public health emergency. To mitigate the risk of out-of-network billing for insurers that had not already negotiated rates, providers such as hospitals were required to publicly disclose the maximum "cash price" for tests online. We systematically reviewed the public websites of all hospitals in the 2019-2020 U.S. News and World Report "Best Regional Hospitals" list to determine whether the following information was available for in vitro COVID-19 tests: cash prices (yes/ no), hospital charges (yes/no), test type (molecular/serology/ unspecified; non-mutually exclusive). Among hospitals disclosing both cash prices and hospital charges, the median lowest bill balances for molecular (N = 27) and serology (N = 14) were $66.96 (IQR: $7.00-$120.00) and $6.00 (IQR: $6.00-$30.00), respectively. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06197-z doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06197-z id: cord-307946-1olapsmv author: Xu, Zhijie title: Primary Care Practitioners’ Barriers to and Experience of COVID-19 Epidemic Control in China: a Qualitative Study date: 2020-08-31 words: 4552 sentences: 266 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-307946-1olapsmv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307946-1olapsmv.txt summary: title: Primary Care Practitioners'' Barriers to and Experience of COVID-19 Epidemic Control in China: a Qualitative Study Barriers to epidemic control in primary care included inappropriate PCP scheduling and role ambiguity, difficult tasks and inadequate capacities, and inexperienced community workers and insufficient cooperation. PCPs reported potential solutions for improving countermeasures, such as improving management, optimizing workflows, providing additional support, facilitating cooperation, and strengthening the primary care system. To understand PCPs'' perceived barriers to and experience of performing their tasks in epidemic control, we recruited frontline PCPs in China and conducted in-depth interviews using a qualitative design. The government officials and medical experts irregularly visited the community/township health centers and inspected PCPs'' daily practice of epidemic control, including the material preparation and arrangement, and held meetings to discuss the existing problems and potential solutions with PCPs. One participant stated, "It really troubled me that I had to accompany those supervisors, maybe 3 to 5 times a week, and show them what we had done with countless papers and forms and photos." Some instructions distributed to PCPs by supervisors were perceived as "scratching the surface". abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 and posed numerous challenges to China’s health system. Almost 4 million primary care practitioners (PCPs) participated in controlling the outbreak. However, PCPs’ barriers to and experience of the epidemic control remain unknown and are essential for improving countermeasures. OBJECTIVE: To better understand the barriers PCPs faced in COVID-19 epidemic control and their psychological and occupational impacts, and explore potential solutions. DESIGN: This qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured, in-depth interviews from February 12, to March 10, 2020. PARTICIPANTS: A purposive sample of frontline PCPs affiliated with either community health centers or township health centers in four provinces of China were recruited. APPROACH: Interviews were conducted by telephone, and then recorded, transcribed, and content analyzed. Themes surrounding PCPs’ barriers to COVID-19 epidemic control, their experience, and potential solutions were iteratively identified using the constant comparative method. KEY RESULTS: Of the 21 PCPs interviewed, 10 (48%) were women and 5 (24%) worked in rural areas. Barriers to epidemic control in primary care included inappropriate PCP scheduling and role ambiguity, difficult tasks and inadequate capacities, and inexperienced community workers and insufficient cooperation. Some PCPs perceived respect and a sense of accomplishment and were preoccupied with the outbreak, while others were frustrated by fatigue and psychological distress. PCPs reported potential solutions for improving countermeasures, such as improving management, optimizing workflows, providing additional support, facilitating cooperation, and strengthening the primary care system. CONCLUSIONS: Due to their roles in controlling the COVID-19 epidemic, PCPs in China faced a series of barriers that affected them physically and mentally. Support for PCPs should help them to overcome these barriers and work efficiently. The current findings provide insight into the challenges and potential solutions for strengthening the preparedness and response of China’s primary care system in future disease outbreaks. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11606-020-06107-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32869200/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06107-3 id: cord-272679-dobaci5p author: Yan, Brandon W. title: Changes in Mental Health Following the 2016 Presidential Election date: 2020-10-31 words: 3869 sentences: 195 pages: flesch: 60 cache: ./cache/cord-272679-dobaci5p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272679-dobaci5p.txt summary: We used ordinary least squares linear regression to fit our model and applied BRFSS survey weights to obtain nationally representative estimates while adjusting for respondent''s age group, sex, race/ethnicity, income, educational attainment, state, and 6 months of pre-November trends. In subgroup analysis, the rise in poor mental health days in Clinton states in December 2016 reflected increases in such days by adults aged 65 and older, women, and white individuals (Table 1) . In contrast, depression rates compared to October 2016 first rose statistically in Clinton states in January 2017 (2.1percentage point increase, SE 0.8, p = 0.008), 1 month following the rise in days of reported poor mental health (Fig. 2 ). Although other factors are likely contributory, the sustained mental health worsening in Clinton states in the 6 months following the election suggests that the potential effects of Trump''s victory were not transitory, a hypothesis supported by a closely lagging rise in self-reported diagnoses of depression. abstract: BACKGROUND: The 2016 presidential election and the controversial policy agenda of its victor have raised concerns about how the election may have impacted mental health. OBJECTIVE: Assess how mental health changed from before to after the November 2016 election and how trends differed in states that voted for Donald Trump versus Hillary Clinton. DESIGN: Pre- versus post-election study using monthly cross-sectional survey data. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 499,201 adults surveyed in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from May 2016 to May 2017. EXPOSURE: Residence in a state that voted for Trump versus state that voted for Clinton and the candidate’s margin of victory in the state. MAIN MEASURES: Self-reported days of poor mental health in the last 30 days and depression rate. KEY RESULTS: Compared to October 2016, the mean days of poor mental health in the last 30 days per adult rose from 3.35 to 3.85 in December 2016 in Clinton states (0.50 days difference, p = 0.005) but remained statistically unchanged in Trump states, moving from 3.94 to 3.78 days (− 0.17 difference, p = 0.308). The rises in poor mental health days in Clinton states were driven by older adults, women, and white individuals. The depression rate in Clinton states began rising in January 2017. A 10–percentage point higher margin of victory for Clinton in a state predicted 0.41 more days of poor mental health per adult in December 2016 on average (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In states that voted for Clinton, there were 54.6 million more days of poor mental health among adults in December 2016, the month following the election, compared to October 2016. Clinicians should consider that elections could cause at least transitory increases in poor mental health and tailor patient care accordingly, especially with the 2020 election upon us. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11606-020-06328-6. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33128680/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06328-6 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel