Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 58 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5156 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 46 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 COVID-19 19 SARS 15 patient 8 covid-19 5 cell 4 figure 3 CoV-2 3 ACE2 2 woman 2 study 2 italian 2 injury 2 group 2 Wuhan 2 RBD 2 Parkinson 2 PCR 2 ICU 2 China 2 COPD 1 weight 1 virus 1 treatment 1 stroke 1 stress 1 stent 1 spike 1 skin 1 sirt1 1 sexual 1 scooter 1 robotic 1 recipient 1 psychological 1 protein 1 prehospital 1 pregnancy 1 orthodontic 1 olfactory 1 old 1 obesity 1 obese 1 non 1 motivation 1 mitochondrial 1 microbiota 1 lesion 1 kidney 1 inflammation 1 health Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 2726 patient 1869 % 1472 study 941 disease 796 infection 774 case 667 cell 568 risk 518 group 508 datum 507 analysis 496 time 495 level 467 virus 442 treatment 420 health 410 coronavirus 407 result 406 p 397 factor 388 injury 384 day 379 protein 371 figure 368 year 359 number 354 model 345 rate 344 age 342 woman 340 outcome 326 effect 315 symptom 309 test 304 care 299 population 294 participant 291 control 279 outbreak 275 response 267 system 263 characteristic 252 death 240 mortality 240 information 236 syndrome 225 score 225 intervention 222 hospital 219 pandemic Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 1117 SARS 1001 COVID-19 860 CoV-2 269 China 211 Disease 198 Wuhan 194 Coronavirus 177 al 176 ACE2 167 Table 164 Health 160 et 157 ICU 141 COPD 122 PD 122 January 111 VR 103 CoV 102 PCR 94 Parkinson 92 TBI 91 CI 88 C 86 Clinical 80 RNA 80 Figure 77 CVD 75 Med 75 Clin 73 Syndrome 71 MSC 70 ARDS 69 Novel 66 RPCP 66 A 65 J 65 Italy 64 T 64 RBD 63 RT 63 December 61 S1 61 March 60 MERS 59 PIMS 59 IL-6 58 sha 57 II 57 Care 57 CR Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 671 we 608 it 311 they 108 i 101 them 45 you 39 themselves 28 us 18 one 14 he 13 itself 7 she 5 myself 5 me 2 yourself 2 oneself 2 nsp7 2 's 1 ’s 1 βcovs 1 pseudonyms 1 ourselves 1 mrnas 1 interleukin-6 1 him 1 em Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 8731 be 1750 have 816 use 595 include 553 report 545 show 454 increase 453 associate 381 base 364 compare 301 follow 293 reduce 288 do 279 perform 278 find 275 relate 259 induce 252 consider 222 require 218 suggest 214 cause 206 improve 203 provide 196 observe 196 identify 196 confirm 180 develop 162 indicate 161 know 156 infect 153 lead 149 make 148 assess 146 accord 144 present 144 affect 133 see 133 need 128 estimate 126 take 126 receive 126 allow 124 derive 123 represent 120 describe 119 treat 119 evaluate 118 define 117 demonstrate 116 give Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 832 not 804 - 771 high 608 clinical 521 also 516 other 483 more 437 severe 431 covid-19 410 respiratory 397 low 366 such 343 however 321 acute 298 viral 285 only 279 well 270 most 269 old 261 inflammatory 258 first 257 significant 237 non 231 available 226 human 225 different 211 several 205 positive 201 novel 190 significantly 188 early 187 medical 177 therefore 173 specific 170 present 167 previous 165 further 164 potential 163 current 162 thus 160 anti 158 long 153 possible 150 immune 149 social 149 new 145 healthy 144 many 144 less 144 large Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 90 most 46 Most 45 good 41 least 40 high 18 large 13 late 9 great 8 low 7 small 5 early 4 strong 4 close 3 big 3 bad 2 safe 2 near 2 fast 1 nmsqu 1 long 1 hard 1 dumb 1 deep 1 K986P Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 180 most 45 least 1 hard 1 early Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 www.mdpi.com 1 www.who.int 1 www.seegene.com 1 www.rki.de 1 www.rcsb.org 1 www.r-project.org 1 www.gov.uk 1 www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk 1 www.center-tbi 1 www.r-project.org 1 github.com 1 data.mendeley.com Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 1 http://www.who.int/csr/don/en/ 1 http://www.seegene.com 1 http://www.rki.de 1 http://www.rcsb.org/pdb 1 http://www.r-project.org 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/9/3000/s1 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/9/2986/s1 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/9/2833/s1 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/9/2685/s1 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/7/2315/s1 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/7/2282/s1 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/6/1757/s1 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/6/1668/s1 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/6/1643/s1 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/4/1007/s1 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/3/637/s1 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/2/601/s1 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/2/538/s1 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/10/3350/s1 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/10/3293/ 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/10/3261/s1 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/10/3188/s1 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/10/3136/s1 1 http://www.gov.uk/government/news/weekly-covid-19-surveillance-report-published 1 http://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/uk-population-by-ethnicity/national-andregional-populations/regional-ethnic-diversity/latest#ethnic-groups-by-area 1 http://www.center-tbi 1 http://www.R-project.org 1 http://github.com/aakhmetz/ 1 http://data.mendeley.com/datasets/ny2krr3vgg/1 Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 patients were not 5 data are available 5 patients is not 5 patients were male 5 study has several 4 cov-2 infected patients 4 data were available 4 group were almost 4 patients did not 4 patients requiring limc 4 study has also 4 virus was dangerous 4 years was significantly 3 % were women 3 cases is consistent 3 cov-2 does not 3 cov-2 is still 3 data were not 3 days is comparable 3 disease did not 3 injury related factors 3 levels were also 3 levels were significantly 3 patients are more 3 patients do not 3 patients had higher 3 results are not 3 study did not 2 % had positive 2 % increased risk 2 % showed ambivalent 2 % were not 2 % were recently 2 % were still 2 analyses showed sestamibi 2 cases had symptoms 2 coronavirus indicating person 2 cov-2 is not 2 cov-2 was successfully 2 covid-19 did not 2 covid-19 is different 2 covid-19 requires frequent 2 covid-19 were sex 2 data do not 2 data included only 2 data is available 2 days was only 2 disease are also 2 disease shows interstitial 2 disease was not Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 cov-2 is not yet 1 % had no comorbidities 1 % had no comorbidity 1 case had no exposure 1 cells do not effectively 1 cov-2 does not always 1 cov-2 had no homology 1 data do not further 1 data showed no difference 1 data were not available 1 infection is not well 1 infection was not available 1 injuries are not yet 1 injury are not well 1 levels were not clearly 1 patients is not due 1 patients is not fully 1 patients is not particularly 1 patients were not significantly 1 results are not consistent 1 results are not only 1 results are not transferable 1 results do not necessarily 1 studies was not synonymous 1 study is not so 1 treatment were not likely A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-310304-f28tjmi8 author = Alcendor, Donald J. title = Racial Disparities-Associated COVID-19 Mortality among Minority Populations in the US date = 2020-07-30 keywords = ACE2; COPD; SARS; covid-19 summary = Maintaining glycemic control in COVID-19 patients is essential, as hyperglycemia could affect pulmonary function, the immune response to infection, and the development of the pro-inflammatory cytokine storm associated with more severe clinical disease ( Figure 1 ). Patients who clinically present with normal or high blood pressure may be subject to undue complications related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Patients who clinically present with normal or high blood pressure may be subject to undue complications related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, upon infection with SARS-CoV-2 the ACE2 protein serves as the entry receptor for the virus and is internalized in the endosome with SARS-CoV-2 during membrane fusion and uptake by Hypothetical model of uncontrolled blood pressure in patients with hypertension and increased risk for complications due to COVID-19. Longstanding health disparities such as diabetes, hypertension, CVD, and pulmonary disease among minority populations in the US may serve to predispose these communities to SARS-CoV-2 infection and increased risk for clinically severe COVID-19. doi = 10.3390/jcm9082442 id = cord-345728-41k1bljo author = Al’joboori, Yazi title = The Effects of Adding Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation (tSCS) to Sit-To-Stand Training in People with Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study date = 2020-08-26 keywords = SCI; SCS; STIM; figure; non summary = Non-patterned spinal cord stimulation (SCS), delivered by electrodes implanted in the epidural space of the spinal cord has been shown to elicit lower limb extensor movements in rats [3, 4] and humans [5] [6] [7] with motor complete SCI, via activation of large-to-medium diameter sensory International Standard for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) before (pre) and after (post) the intervention for participants in transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) combined with sit-to-stand training (STIM (S)) and sit-to-stand training alone (NON-STIM (NS)) groups. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of adding sub-threshold transcutaneous SCS to an 8-week sit-to-stand training intervention in individuals with chronic motor complete and incomplete SCI. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of adding sub-threshold transcutaneous SCS to an 8-week sit-to-stand training intervention in individuals with chronic motor complete and incomplete SCI. doi = 10.3390/jcm9092765 id = cord-287102-o19uwryp author = Amit, Moran title = Clinical Course and Outcomes of Severe Covid-19: A National Scale Study date = 2020-07-18 keywords = ICU; Israel; covid-19; patient summary = The factors associated with outcomes of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) who required treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) are yet to be determined. The recorded data included the following: age, sex, medical comorbidities (i.e., smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure, cancer, chronic kidney disease, immunosuppression, cirrhosis, and dementia), medication history, vital signs, chest X-rays, laboratory studies on admission to the ICU, anti-Covid-19 pharmacological therapy in the ICU (antimalarials, antivirals, anti-inflammatories, and plasma from recovered patients), respiratory support method (invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation and oxygen mask), renal replacement therapy, nutrition methods (enteral and total parenteral nutrition), the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), complications, and outcome. In this nation-based registry study of critically ill patients with Covid-19 who were admitted to ICUs in Israel, the majority of patients were 55 years and older men, and a large proportion required mechanical ventilation. doi = 10.3390/jcm9072282 id = cord-331347-imexhlwn author = Anzai, Asami title = Assessing the Impact of Reduced Travel on Exportation Dynamics of Novel Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19) date = 2020-02-24 keywords = China; day summary = Data on confirmed cases diagnosed outside China were analyzed using statistical models to estimate the impact of travel reduction on three epidemiological outcome measures: (i) the number of exported cases, (ii) the probability of a major epidemic, and (iii) the time delay to a major epidemic. We aim to estimate reductions in the number of exported cases, probability of an outbreak occurring outside China, and any time delay to a major epidemic that may be gained with these policies. The present study explicitly quantified the epidemiological impact of reduced travel volume to and from China on the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 outside China using simple statistical The solid lines represent the probability of a major epidemic in the counterfactual scenario, i.e., based on the expected number of cases diagnosed in Japan. doi = 10.3390/jcm9020601 id = cord-290286-3t0roikx author = Arango-Lasprilla, Juan Carlos title = Early Predictors of Employment Status One Year Post Injury in Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury in Europe date = 2020-06-26 keywords = GCS; TBI; employment; injury summary = Results from a binomial logistic regression showed that older age, status of part-time employment or unemployment at time of injury, premorbid psychiatric problems, and higher injury severity (as measured with higher Injury severity score (ISS), lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and longer length of stay (LOS) in hospital) were associated with higher unemployment probability at one-year after injury. The study strengthens evidence for age, employment at time of injury, premorbid psychiatric problems, ISS, GCS, and LOS as important predictors for employment status one-year post-TBI across Europe. The backward predictor selection revealed a simplified model which included the following sociodemographic, premorbid, and injury-related factors significantly influencing the probability of employment one year after TBI: age (2) , employment status at baseline (5), premorbid psychological/psychiatric problems (6), ISS (9), GCS score (10) , and LOS at the hospital (12). doi = 10.3390/jcm9062007 id = cord-011965-n0re0u5u author = Bibbò, Stefano title = Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Screening and Selection to Choose the Optimal Donor date = 2020-06-05 keywords = CDI; clostridium; donor; fmt; microbiota summary = In this narrative review, we discuss most recent evidence on the screening and selection of the stool donor, with reference to recent studies that have identified specific microbiological features for clinical conditions such as Clostridioides difficile infection, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, in this narrative review, we report the most recent evidences on the screening and selection of the stool donor, with special efforts to describe findings that may lead to the optimal donor in several disease looking for an "optimal microbiota" to be transplanted (CDI, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and other emerging pathological conditions). Moreover, recent evidences showed that the efficacy of FMT in recurrent CDI treatment, in clinical trials and in other healthcare settings seems to be linked to different variables, such as the delivery methods of fecal infusate, the bowel preparation, the number of infusion, the disease severity, and in particular to the microbial diversity and composition of the transplanted stools [32, 44, 67] . doi = 10.3390/jcm9061757 id = cord-318018-ybdkp398 author = Bruni, Margherita title = Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Convalescent Health Care Workers date = 2020-10-01 keywords = COVID-19; RBD; SARS; Spike summary = Sera from healthcare workers affected by non-severe COVID-19 were longitudinally collected over four weeks, and compared to sera from patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units (ICU) and SARS-CoV-2-negative subjects for the presence of IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies as well as soluble pro-inflammatory mediators in the sera. Our data show that humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 correlated with disease severity in terms of both antibody titers, persistence over time and serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here we show that humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 correlated with disease severity in terms of both antibody titers, persistence over time and serum levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. Moreover, we showed that the vast majority of COVID-19 mildly symptomatic patients analyzed in the study halved their anti-RBD antibody titers after 4 weeks from viral negativization, thus confirming the short lifespan of humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. doi = 10.3390/jcm9103188 id = cord-352668-qjlqsb2k author = Cabello, Francisco title = Consensus on Recommendations for Safe Sexual Activity during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic date = 2020-07-20 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; activity; sexual summary = Sexual activity offers numerous advantages for physical and mental health but maintains inherent risks in a pandemic situation, such as the current one caused by SARS-CoV-2. A group of experts from the Spanish Association of Sexuality and Mental Health (AESexSAME) has reached a consensus on recommendations to maintain lower-risk sexual activity, depending on one''s clinical and partner situations, based on the current knowledge of SARS-CoV-2. In all other cases (for those under quarantine, those with some clinical symptoms, health professionals in contact with COVID-19 patients, and during pregnancy), abstaining from coital/oral/anal sex, substituting it with masturbatory or virtual sexual activity to provide maximum protection from the contagion, and increasing the benefits inherent to sexual activity are recommended. Due to the ease of contagion and the lack of information about the possible transmission of SARS-CoV-2, a group of experts from the Spanish Association for Sexuality and Mental Health, covering the fields of sexology, psychiatry, psychology and medicine reached a consensus. doi = 10.3390/jcm9072297 id = cord-325559-di8lljoi author = Cappello, Francesco title = Does SARS-CoV-2 Trigger Stress-Induced Autoimmunity by Molecular Mimicry? A Hypothesis date = 2020-06-29 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; cell; clinical; protein summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induced disease (COVID-19) is a planetary emergency that is urging many research groups to redirect their efforts and to channel their experience towards understanding its pathogenesis. These human epitopes, in turn, can be recognized by circulating antibodies made against crossreactive microbial antigens; these antibodies behave like autoantibodies, causing the destruction of the stressed cells, representing a typical example of pathology caused by molecular mimicry and manifested as autoimmunity [30] . We hypothesize that, at the basis of the generalized activation of the immune system, there are molecular mimicry phenomena: the antibodies produced against the virus could turn into autoantibodies against crossreactive proteins expressed on human cells, causing autoimmunity with cell destruction. We hypothesize that, at the basis of the generalized activation of the immune system, there are molecular mimicry phenomena: the antibodies produced against the virus could turn into autoantibodies against crossreactive proteins expressed on human cells, causing autoimmunity with cell destruction. doi = 10.3390/jcm9072038 id = cord-332180-dw4h69tp author = Cheng, Fu-Yuan title = Using Machine Learning to Predict ICU Transfer in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-06-01 keywords = COVID-19; ICU; patient summary = We developed a machine learning-based risk prioritization tool that predicts ICU transfer within 24 h, seeking to facilitate efficient use of care providers'' efforts and help hospitals plan their flow of operations. The primary aim of this study is to develop a novel supervised machine learning classifier for predicting the risk of ICU transfer within the next 24 h for COVID-19 patients using hospital EMR data. The following data were retrospectively collected from the Mount Sinai Health System COVID-19 registry, sourced from an EPIC EHR system: demographic information, time-series of the admission-discharge-transfer events, structured and semi-structured clinical assessments, vital signs from nursing flowsheets, and laboratory and electrocardiogram (ECG) results. Using machine learning, we developed a model for identifying deteriorating patients in need of ICU transfer by using data routinely collected during inpatient care. Using machine learning, we developed a model for identifying deteriorating patients in need of ICU transfer by using data routinely collected during inpatient care. doi = 10.3390/jcm9061668 id = cord-315188-a9pvugjt author = Choi, Min Hyuk title = Clinical Characteristics and Disease Progression in Early-Stage COVID-19 Patients in South Korea date = 2020-06-23 keywords = COVID-19; KCDC; Korea; patient summary = The following clinical data were collected using electronic medical records: age at diagnosis, sex, signs and symptoms, date of symptom onset, date of hospital admission, date of discharge or transfer, Charlson comorbidity index [16] , Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status [17] , Multilobular infiltration, hypo-Lymphocytosis, Bacterial coinfection, Smoking history, hyper-Tension and Age (MuLBSTA) score [18] , pneumonia severity index [19] , Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure plus age ≥ 65 years (CURB-65) [20] , respiratory support, and treatment agents administered before and during hospitalization. After PS matching, prior history of drug use, including ibuprofen, ARB, DPP4i, was not statistically different between patients in the progression and improvement/stabilization groups. Before matching, the proportion of patients reporting prior use of these drugs was significantly greater in the progression group; however, after adjusting for 10 confounding variables, including underlying comorbidities, there was no significant difference between patients with and without these medication histories. doi = 10.3390/jcm9061959 id = cord-283407-3zb6ufum author = Ciuti, Gastone title = Frontiers of Robotic Colonoscopy: A Comprehensive Review of Robotic Colonoscopes and Technologies date = 2020-05-31 keywords = capsule; colonoscopy; figure; robotic summary = The Endotics System (ERA Endoscopy Srl, Pisa, Italy) is a CE mark pneumatically-driven robotic disposable colonoscope able to crawl through the colon by using two mucosal clamping devices, located at the proximal and distal ends of the probe, and a soft extension/retraction central mechanism, mimicking an inchworm-like locomotion ( Figure 3E ). Computer-assisted single-use colonoscope propelled, forward or backward, by an inverted-sleeve mechanism composed of eight drive wheels; robotically-driven tip with LEDs and a CMOS 114 • camera, electro-hydraulically flexed through a hand-held control unit to 180 • in any direction with full retroflection; diameter of 18 mm and working length of 2000 mm with standard functions including: (1) suction, (2) irrigation, and (3) insufflation with a 3.2 mm working channel, also used for conventional therapeutic procedures. doi = 10.3390/jcm9061648 id = cord-292341-uo54ghf3 author = Cocconcelli, Elisabetta title = Clinical Features and Chest Imaging as Predictors of Intensity of Care in Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-16 keywords = COVID-19; CXR; HIMC; LUS summary = Univariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with level of care revealed that sex, age, smoking history, FiO2, pO2 in room air at admission, bacterial co-infections developed during hospitalization, CVDs, metabolic and oncologic diseases and chest X-ray global score had significant positive association with a higher level of care in the entire study population (Table 3) . Univariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with level of care revealed that sex, age, smoking history, FiO2, pO2 in room air at admission, bacterial co-infections developed during hospitalization, CVDs, metabolic and oncologic diseases and chest X-ray global score had significant positive association with a higher level of care in the entire study population (Table 3) . This is a retrospective analysis of clinical features and radiographic severity scores in patients with COVID-19 and how these parameters on hospital admission correlate with different levels of medical care (i.e., HIMC vs. doi = 10.3390/jcm9092990 id = cord-013457-rqon1adg author = De Cannière, Hélène title = Short-Term Exercise Progression of Cardiovascular Patients throughout Cardiac Rehabilitation: An Observational Study date = 2020-09-29 keywords = 6mwd; 6mwt; patient summary = The goal of the study was to obtain a better understanding of the short-term progression of functional capacity throughout multidisciplinary CR, measured as the change in walking distance between baseline six-minute walking test (6MWT) and four consecutive follow-up tests. Although the majority of studies on home-and center-based CR programs report data on changes in exercise capacity measured at baseline and on completion of the intervention limited information is available on the short-term progression in exercise capacity throughout the CR [20] [21] [22] . A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to determine whether there were statistically significant differences in mean 6MWT distance (6MWD) over the period of a three-month rehabilitation program. Future studies should investigate whether similar progression patterns emerge in both center-based (including with larger patient groups) and in home-based CR programs and whether this short-term information on progression can be used to optimize outcomes by improving exercise capacity and motivation. doi = 10.3390/jcm9103160 id = cord-273351-vq3budip author = Farré, Núria title = Prolonged QT Interval in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Prevalence and Prognosis date = 2020-08-21 keywords = ECG; SARS summary = A prolonged QTc was independently associated with a higher mortality even after adjustment for age, comorbidities, and treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. QTc prolongation was defined as an increase of at least one millisecond in QTc compared to baseline QTc. According to the protocol at our center at the time of the study, treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was recommended to all patients. The variables included in the model were age, baseline QTc > 480 ms, chronic kidney disease, treatment with azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine, ischemic chronic disease, atrial fibrillation or flutter, heart failure, and the presence of any cardiovascular risk factor. Although these differences could be due to a more severe presentation in a group of elderly comorbid patients, SARS-CoV-2 infection could be the cause of this prolonged QTc interval, either as a direct effect of the virus or through systemic inflammation. A prolonged QTc was independently associated with a higher risk of mortality even after adjustment for age, comorbidities, and treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. doi = 10.3390/jcm9092712 id = cord-301157-tu3iig9o author = Felsenstein, Susanna title = Presentation, Treatment Response and Short-Term Outcomes in Paediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) date = 2020-10-14 keywords = Multisystem; PIMS; SARS; Syndrome summary = Whilst most children and young people develop mild symptoms, recent reports suggest a novel paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS). Since the advent of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, dominated by respiratory disease and evolution of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cardiovascular compromise, excessive systemic inflammation and coagulopathy in adults [1] [2] [3] , several countries affected by the coronavirus disease [4] pandemic have reported an unusually high number of cases of children hospitalized due to a multisystem inflammatory condition, at times requiring intensive care (Table S1) . Temporal distribution of paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (PIMS-TS) cases of this cohort, in relation to COVID-19 like presentations to hospitals in England. The peak of presentations of children with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 followed the peak of presentations of patients, adult and paediatric, to English Emergency Departments, with a lag of 4-6 weeks (Figure adapted from https://www.gov.uk/government/news/weekly-covid-19-surveillance-report-published; week 30). doi = 10.3390/jcm9103293 id = cord-274563-jimw6skv author = Fiumara, Agata title = COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak and its Psychological Impact on Patients with Rare Lysosomal Diseases date = 2020-08-22 keywords = COVID-19; group; patient summary = During the COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) pandemic lockdown, patients with LSDs on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) missed their scheduled access to the Day Hospital to get their treatment. Methods: Based on the feeling that our patients were experiencing profound distress, we designed a structured telephone interview with the aim to evaluate how, and to which extent, the pandemic outbreak was changing their behavior and feelings about their chronic disease, the impact on therapies, and future expectations. Moreover, a striking similarity emerged between the groups regarding forced home reclusion and the profound feeling to be excluded by normal life, well-known to those affected by a chronic rare disease. Based on the feeling that our patients were experiencing profound distress, we designed a structured interview [3, 4] with the aim to evaluate how, and to which extent, the COVID-19 pandemic was changing our patients'' behavior and feelings about their chronic disease, the impact on therapies, and their future expectations. doi = 10.3390/jcm9092716 id = cord-309273-gtvi37gh author = Flesia, Luca title = Predicting Perceived Stress Related to the Covid-19 Outbreak through Stable Psychological Traits and Machine Learning Models date = 2020-10-19 keywords = COVID-19; PSS-10; italian; psychological; stress summary = Finally, with the goal of anticipating persons in need of treatment and improving the targeting and overall effectiveness of preventive programs, we aimed at developing machine learning models to predict individual psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, based on sociodemographic and psychological variables with maximal sensitivity in classifying subjects with high versus low levels of perceived stress. To better understand the role of stable psychological traits in predicting the level of perceived stress (PSS-10 score), a second multiple linear regression was run, adding to the previous model the scores of the five coping styles measured by the COPE-NVI-25 (COPE positive, COPE problem, COPE avoidance, COPE religion and COPE support), the BSCS total score, the internal LOC score, and the scores for the five personality traits measured by the BFI-10 (BFI-10 agreeableness, BFI-10 conscientiousness, BFI-10 emotional stability, BFI-10 extraversion and BFI-10 openness). doi = 10.3390/jcm9103350 id = cord-336257-f6yglaz8 author = Forte, Giuseppe title = The Enemy Which Sealed the World: Effects of COVID-19 Diffusion on the Psychological State of the Italian Population date = 2020-06-10 keywords = PTSD; covid-19; italian summary = Although these results need to be considered with caution being based on self-reported data collected at the beginning of this emergency, they should be used as a starting point for further studies aimed to develop interventions to minimize both the brief and long-term psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. In both countries younger age, student status, female gender and direct contact with COVID-19 infection are associated with a greater psychological impact of the emergency, involving many psychopathological dimensions (e.g., anxiety, distress, sleep disturbance) [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] 26] . One of the aims of the study was to analyse the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in the different Italian territorial areas. Overall, the results highlighted high levels of anxiety, psychopathological symptoms and PTSD symptoms in Italian respondents during the first critical phase of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and of the Government measures taken to contain it. doi = 10.3390/jcm9061802 id = cord-327610-cm3vkpcn author = Fukuda, Yosuke title = Virus-Induced Asthma Exacerbations: SIRT1 Targeted Approach date = 2020-08-13 keywords = Asthma; HRV; airway; cell; exacerbation; inflammation; sirt1 summary = The pathological role of cellular senescence, especially that involving the silent information regulator 2 homolog sirtuin (SIRT) protein family, has recently been demonstrated in stable and exacerbated chronic respiratory disease states. Thus, SIRT1 activators, including resveratrol, may be effective in targeting CXCL8-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation in virus-induced and steroid-resistant asthma exacerbations [58, 59] . These lines of evidence suggest that activation of SIRT1 may lead to suppression of neutrophilic inflammation, possibly through suppression of CXCL8 and may be an effective therapeutic strategy, especially for steroid-resistant virus-induced asthma exacerbations. These results indicated that SIRT1 activation could be a novel therapeutic strategy for virus-induced asthma exacerbations by regulating MMP-9 expression and suppressing airway neutrophilic inflammation and remodeling. These data suggested that SIRT1 activation may ameliorate IgE-mediated airway inflammation in viral-induced asthma exacerbations, whereas the detailed mechanism by which omalizumab blocks IgE is unclear and requires further study. doi = 10.3390/jcm9082623 id = cord-333959-8ermzrmr author = Gao, Zan title = Virtual Reality Exercise as a Coping Strategy for Health and Wellness Promotion in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-25 keywords = adult; old summary = Particularly affected are older adults (i.e., those aged ≥ 65 years) who are at elevated risk for various adverse health outcomes, including declines in motor ability and physical activity (PA) participation, increased obesity, impaired cognition, and various psychological disorders. This generation has higher rates of chronic disease and disability compared to any other generation [8] , and studies have shown that the four most common poor health conditions seen in older adults are decreased motor ability, increased obesity, impaired cognition, and psychological disorders, which lead to a lower quality of life [9, 10] . For example, a home-based VR intervention, which used an Xbox 360 gaming console and Your Shape Fitness Evolved software and consisted of Tai Chi and Yoga exercise programs, indicated positive effects of VR exercise on older adults'' motor ability outcomes, such as hip muscle strength and balance control [22] . doi = 10.3390/jcm9061986 id = cord-333520-v2sb90rc author = Gardin, Chiara title = Could Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Be a Therapeutic Option for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients? date = 2020-08-26 keywords = ALI; ARDS; COVID-19; MSC; Mesenchymal; SARS; cell summary = Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being explored for the management of a number of diseases that currently have limited or no therapeutic options, thanks to their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and pro-angiogenic properties. Next, we describe some of the most significant clinical evidence of the successful use of MSC-derived exosomes in animal models of lung and heart injuries, which might strengthen our hypothesis in terms of their utility for also treating critically ill COVID-19 patients. Recently, MSC-derived exosomes have been demonstrated to have comparable and even greater effects than cells themselves in improving inflammation and injury in a variety of pre-clinical lung disease models, including ALI/ARDS (Table 1) . From the studies discussed above, it emerged that the rationale for using MSC-derived exosomes, MVs, or EVs in ALI/ARDS is based on several processes, many of which are shared with those identified in the parent MSCs. These include immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory properties on host tissue, reduction of the permeability of alveolar epithelium and endothelium, improvement of alveolar fluid clearance, enhancement of macrophage phagocytosis, and tissue repair through direct mitochondrial transfer with host cells (Figure 2 ). doi = 10.3390/jcm9092762 id = cord-325307-agaau27o author = Giavedoni, Priscila title = Skin Manifestations in COVID-19: Prevalence and Relationship with Disease Severity date = 2020-10-12 keywords = COVID-19; lesion; patient; skin summary = Cutaneous lesions could be categorized into six patterns represented by the acronym "GROUCH": Generalized maculo-papular (20.7%), Grover''s disease and other papulo-vesicular eruptions (13.8%), livedo Reticularis (6.9%), Other eruptions (22.4%), Urticarial (6.9%), and CHilblain-like (29.3%). Patients with chilblain-like lesions exhibited a characteristic histology and were significantly younger and presented lower rates of systemic symptoms, radiological lung infiltrates and analytical abnormalities, and hospital and ICU admission compared to the rest of patients. These skin manifestations are represented by the acronym "GROUCH": Generalized maculo-papular; Grover''s disease and other papulo-vesicular; livedo Reticularis; Other eruptions; Urticarial; and CHilblain-like. Fourth, the detailed information on clinical manifestations other than cutaneous, radiological findings, analytical parameters, and particularly comprehensive histopathology data including immunofluorescence and IHC allowed us to better characterize the chilblain-like pattern as having largely specific features. Notably, patients with chilblain-like lesions have distinctive clinical and histological features and have less severe manifestations of the disease. doi = 10.3390/jcm9103261 id = cord-326834-eeldyj2u author = Graziani, Desirée title = Characteristics and Prognosis of COVID-19 in Patients with COPD date = 2020-10-12 keywords = COPD; COVID-19; patient summary = Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) have a higher prevalence of coronary ischemia and other factors that put them at risk for COVID-19-related complications. Several observational and case-control studies have confirmed a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in COPD patients than in the general population, possibly due to the coexistence of common risk factors or an associated pathogenic mechanism [11] . Subsequently, a systematic review and meta-analysis showed that, although the prevalence of COPD in COVID-19 cases was low, SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with high rates of severity and mortality in patients with COPD [20] . Most patients admitted for COVID-19 presented pulmonary infiltrates compatible with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and, in some cases, with associated heart failure; this finding markedly differed from patients with COPD exacerbation due to other viral causes. doi = 10.3390/jcm9103259 id = cord-325014-n7mnhk2v author = Gujski, Mariusz title = Prevalence of Current and Past SARS-CoV-2 Infections among Police Employees in Poland, June–July 2020 date = 2020-10-11 keywords = COVID-19; CoV-2; PCR; SARS summary = As the time window for a positive RT-PCR result is short, serological testing, which provides information about whether a person has been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, may be useful for epidemiological purposes to detect the overall burden of previous infection in a given community. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of current and past SARS-CoV-2 infections among police employees, a high-risk population due to their professional duties, during the COVID-19 epidemic. Neither sex (p =0.155) nor other variables listed in Figure 2 were significantly associated with the IgG results ( Figure 2 A logistic regression model predicting a positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM+IgA index was developed (Cox and Snell R Square at 0.015 andNagelkerke R Square at 0.033). After including all variables listed in Figures 1 and 2 along with the number of registered cases and deaths due to COVID-19 (per 10,000 inhabitants), only 4 variables showed a correlation with a positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM+IgA index. doi = 10.3390/jcm9103245 id = cord-286298-pn9nwl64 author = Helmy, Yosra A. title = The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control date = 2020-04-24 keywords = COVID-19; China; CoV-2; MERS; RNA; SARS; virus summary = Another group of researchers reported that the virus originated from bats based on the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2, which is 96% identical to bat coronavirus RaTG13. These factors include, but are not limited to: (1) travel to or contact with individuals who have recently visited Wuhan, China, or other places experiencing an outbreak; (2) close contact with persons who are diagnosed positive for the disease, such as healthcare workers caring for patients with SARS-CoV-2; (3) contact with droplets and secretions (produced by sneezing or coughing) from an infected person and eating or handling wild animals native to China such as bats. These factors include, but are not limited to: (1) travel to or contact with individuals who have recently visited Wuhan, China, or other places experiencing an outbreak; (2) close contact with persons who are diagnosed positive for the disease, such as healthcare workers caring for patients with SARS-CoV-2; (3) contact with droplets and secretions (produced by sneezing or coughing) from an infected person and eating or handling wild animals native to China such as bats. doi = 10.3390/jcm9041225 id = cord-315634-fkm6slkc author = Jouffroy, Romain title = Hypoxemia Index Associated with Prehospital Intubation in COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-09-20 keywords = COVID-19; prehospital summary = In the present study, we report the relationship between COVID-19 patients intubated in the prehospital setting by a Paris Fire Brigade advanced life support team and the Hypoxemia Index (HI), defined as the ratio between initial pulse oximetry and initial respiratory rate. From ALS prehospital medical reports, we retrieved the patients'' demographic characteristics (age and gender), medical history (previous hypertension, cardiopathy, coronaropathy, chronic renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, stroke, immunosuppression, asthma, and active smoking), initial (i.e., at the first medical contact) prehospital vital sign values (systolic blood pressure, heart rate (HR), pulse oximetry (SpO 2 ), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and Glasgow coma scale (GCS)), and record of administered prehospital treatments (oxygen modality and catecholamine type and dose). Third, we assessed the relationship between HI and prehospital intubation using logistic regression-including the following potential confounders: age, hypertension, cardiopathy, coronaropathy, chronic renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, immunosuppression, asthma, active smoking, systolic blood pressure, and HR-based on previous studies and physiopathological knowledge [6, 9, 11, 19, 20] . doi = 10.3390/jcm9093025 id = cord-264355-9quf59td author = Jung, Sung-mok title = Epidemiological Identification of A Novel Pathogen in Real Time: Analysis of the Atypical Pneumonia Outbreak in Wuhan, China, 2019–2020 date = 2020-02-27 keywords = Disease summary = Because the only information on 30 December 2019 was that cases had symptoms of atypical pneumonia, the distances between the ongoing outbreak and the eleven known pathogens were all zero; thus, all eleven candidate pathogens initially showed an identical probability of 8.3% (i.e., 1/12, when the possibility of Disease X is accounted for). Because the only information on 30 December 2019 was that cases had symptoms of atypical pneumonia, the distances between the ongoing outbreak and the eleven known pathogens were all zero; thus, all eleven candidate pathogens initially showed an identical probability of 8.3% (i.e., 1/12, when the possibility of Disease X is accounted for). Real-time estimation of the probability that the ongoing pneumonia outbreak is driven by each candidate pathogen, given available information on different days. Real-time estimation of the probability that the ongoing pneumonia outbreak is driven by each candidate pathogen, given available information on different days. doi = 10.3390/jcm9030637 id = cord-306438-db2rqz4d author = Kalathiya, Umesh title = Highly Conserved Homotrimer Cavity Formed by the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein: A Novel Binding Site date = 2020-05-14 keywords = ACE2; RBD; SARS; figure; spike summary = An important stage in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) life cycle is the binding of the spike (S) protein to the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) host cell receptor. These findings identify a novel small molecule binding-site formed by the spike protein oligomer, that might assist in future drug discovery programs aimed at targeting the coronavirus (CoV) family of viruses. Our current study focuses on understanding the variability of the trimer spike glycoprotein in SARS-CoV-2 with respect to the genomes from other coronavirus strains, and identifying the changes in the molecular properties due to conformational flexibility in the spike protein. Our data suggest a mechanism whereby Chitosan (and possibly its derivatives), as well as macrolide type molecules, might bind to a pocket formed by the spike protein trimer and provide a novel domain to focus on for future drug discovery projects. doi = 10.3390/jcm9051473 id = cord-300991-ipy24zxp author = Khan, Amira Sayed title = Obesity and COVID-19: Oro-Naso-Sensory Perception date = 2020-07-08 keywords = SARS; TNF; covid-19; obesity; olfactory summary = Through a recent upsurge of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the clinical assessment of most of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients clearly presents a health condition with the loss of oro-naso-sensory (ONS) perception, responsible for the detection of flavor and savor. Hence, obesity represents a great risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it may hide the viral-associated altered ONS symptoms, thus leading to a high mortality rate in these subjects. Moreover, the number of immunosuppressive T-regulatory, Treg (CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + ) cells and concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were upregulated in patients with severe COVID-19 [18] , suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to "over-immunosuppression" in the case of obesity ( Figure 1 ). SARS-CoV-2 infection may further aggravate the ONS functions; mask the obesity-induced inflammation, including loss of taste and smell; and render the obese subjects more vulnerable and prone to severe pathophysiological consequences such as RTI, leading to death. doi = 10.3390/jcm9072158 id = cord-336810-77wq9laa author = Klocperk, Adam title = Complex Immunometabolic Profiling Reveals the Activation of Cellular Immunity and Biliary Lesions in Patients with Severe COVID-19 date = 2020-09-17 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; figure; patient summary = Therefore, we observed a gradual increase of CRP, procalcitonin, ferritin, and serum IL-6 corresponding to the severity of the disease; however, these markers displayed a relative failure to upregulate in patients with a fatal course, who instead displayed high sIL2R and D-dimers ( Figure 1C ). Most markers of inflammation, the immune response, and liver damage presented in patients with a fatal course of COVID-19 so far seem mostly on par with those seen in patients with a moderate form of the disease, suggesting a weaker response to the infection compared to severely ill patients, which resulted in the patients'' deaths. In contrast, patients with fatal COVID-19 ( Figure 5B ) displayed a negative correlation between leukocytes and lymphocytes, and their inflammatory markers increased with markers of organ failure (liver enzymes, amylase, GGT, urea, and creatinine) and cytotoxic cellular immunity (activated CD38+ HLA-DR+ CD8 T cells) instead. doi = 10.3390/jcm9093000 id = cord-289422-5z012sr6 author = Kuniya, Toshikazu title = Prediction of the Epidemic Peak of Coronavirus Disease in Japan, 2020 date = 2020-03-13 keywords = Japan summary = The purpose of this study is to give a prediction of the epidemic peak for COVID-19 in Japan by using the real-time data from 15 January to 29 February 2020. In addition, we obtain the following epidemiological insights: (1) the essential epidemic size is less likely to be affected by the rate of identification of the actual infective population; (2) the intervention has a positive effect on the delay of the epidemic peak; (3) intervention over a relatively long period is needed to effectively reduce the final epidemic size. In this study, by applying the SEIR compartmental model to the daily reported cases of COVID-19 in Japan from 15 January to 29 February, we have estimated that the basic reproduction number R 0 is 2.6 (95%CI, 2.4-2.8) and the epidemic peak could possibly reach the early-middle summer. doi = 10.3390/jcm9030789 id = cord-320882-cr0ccsnp author = Li Volti, Giovanni title = Smoking and SARS-CoV-2 Disease (COVID-19): Dangerous Liaisons or Confusing Relationships? date = 2020-05-02 keywords = ACE2; SARS summary = Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-Cov-2; smoking; angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 We read with great interest the article by Brake SJ and colleagues [1] investigating the relationship between smoking and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) and the potential implication for COVID-19. The authors present findings linking ACE-2 expression to smoking in a variety of experimental models together with observations of their own; immunohistochemistry data showing an increased expression of ACE-2 in a series of biopsies from a group of current smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease when compared to a control group. The authors then venture into reporting existing Chinese case reports to support their hypothesis that smoking could increase the risk of COVID-19 via upregulation of ACE-2 expression, a known cellular entry gateway for SARS-CoV-2 [2] . Smoking upregulates angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor: A potential adhesion site for novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: Molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target doi = 10.3390/jcm9051321 id = cord-354717-4vrqzbof author = Linton, Natalie M. title = Incubation Period and Other Epidemiological Characteristics of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infections with Right Truncation: A Statistical Analysis of Publicly Available Case Data date = 2020-02-17 keywords = Wuhan summary = title: Incubation Period and Other Epidemiological Characteristics of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infections with Right Truncation: A Statistical Analysis of Publicly Available Case Data Using publicly available event-date data from the ongoing epidemic, the present study investigated the incubation period and other time intervals that govern the epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19 infections. The median time delay of 13 days from illness onset to death (17 days with right truncation) should be considered when estimating the COVID-19 case fatality risk. Using publicly available data from the ongoing epidemic with known case event dates, the present study aimed to estimate the incubation period and other time intervals that govern the interpretation of epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19 infections. The median time from illness onset to hospital admission was estimated at 3.3 days (95% CI: 2.7, 4.0) among living cases and 6.5 days (95% CI: 5.2, 8.0) among deceased cases using the gamma distribution, which provided the best fit for both sets of data. doi = 10.3390/jcm9020538 id = cord-315696-43wmazxa author = Marinaki, Smaragdi title = A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Universal Effort to Preserve Patients’ Lives and Allografts date = 2020-09-16 keywords = SARS; covid-19; patient; recipient summary = title: A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Universal Effort to Preserve Patients'' Lives and Allografts Kidney transplant (KTx) recipients have been recently classified by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a high-risk group for severe COVID-19 [2] . All major adverse outcomes (O) of COVID-19 infection, i.e., hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation (MV), acute kidney injury (AKI), acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), and death, were recorded as were recovery and discharge. All major adverse outcomes (O) of COVID-19 infection, i.e., hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation (MV), acute kidney injury (AKI), acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), and death, were recorded as were recovery and discharge. A Case Report of Oligosymptomatic Kidney Transplant Patients with COVID-19: Do They Pose a Risk to Other Recipients? doi = 10.3390/jcm9092986 id = cord-280111-6hiuzkvz author = Maspero, Cinzia title = Available Technologies, Applications and Benefits of Teleorthodontics. A Literature Review and Possible Applications during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-17 keywords = orthodontic; patient; study; treatment summary = This literature review aims at reducing in-office appointments by providing an overview of the technologies available and their reliability in the long-distance monitoring of patients, i.e., teledentistry. As no reviews have yet been carried out on the efficacy of teleassistance in orthodontics as a way to manage patients at a distance, we would like to report on the evidence available as to the possibility of implementing new technologies in teleassistance, generally known by teleorthodontics to help during the COVID-19 pandemic to remotely monitor patients'' conditions. The attitudes toward teleassistance in orthodontics, and in general, dentistry by respective dental care professionals, was investigated in several studies which confirmed it was as an effective alternative to in-office visits for several routine procedures and to make consultations more accessible to dentists and patients [23, 38] . doi = 10.3390/jcm9061891 id = cord-289034-yl3emjef author = Moro, Loredana title = Mitochondria at the Crossroads of Physiology and Pathology date = 2020-06-24 keywords = ROS; cell; disease; mitochondrial summary = Two mitochondria quality control mechanisms are in place to meet the functional needs of any given cell under different physiological and pathological conditions: (a) mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion and fission [4] [5] [6] ; (b) mitophagy [7, 8] . The second mechanism, mitophagy, is a specific form of autophagy that removes damaged mitochondria and reduces the mitochondrial mass upon microenvironmental stresses, such as hypoxia and nutrient starvation, promoting cell survival [11] . In this context, mutations in three TCA cycle enzymes, namely succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase and isocitrate dehydrogenase, have been shown to play a causal role in carcinogenesis [54, 55] , thus providing compelling evidence for the involvement of mitochondrial metabolic alterations as cancer drivers. Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in several pathological conditions, ranging from neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, to aging, cancer and inflammation. doi = 10.3390/jcm9061971 id = cord-320823-a1fq6mno author = Moula, Amalia Ioanna title = Quantification of Death Risk in Relation to Sex, Pre-Existing Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors in COVID-19 Patients: Let’s Take Stock and See Where We Are date = 2020-08-19 keywords = CAD; COVID-19; CVD summary = Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) might be more susceptible to infection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and have higher mortality rates. Sex, age, presence of CAD and/or other types of CVD, hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus increase mortality in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the present meta-analysis is aimed to quantify the risk of mortality in relation to sex, age and pre-existing CVD in COVID-19 patients, and attempt to identify the potential factors involved in such a causation. In our analysis, we quantified the risk of death in almost 8500 COVID-19 patients in relation to sex, age, pre-existing CVD and cardiovascular risk factors. The third finding of our meta-analysis is that the presence of cardiovascular diseases, is associated with a higher risk of mortality when compared to COVID-19 patients without pre-existing CVD. Our results demonstrate that sex, age, presence of CAD and/or other types of CVD, hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus increase mortality in patients with COVID-19. doi = 10.3390/jcm9092685 id = cord-262693-z9dolxky author = Nishiura, Hiroshi title = Initial Cluster of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections in Wuhan, China Is Consistent with Substantial Human-to-Human Transmission date = 2020-02-11 keywords = Wuhan summary = title: Initial Cluster of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections in Wuhan, China Is Consistent with Substantial Human-to-Human Transmission Reanalysis of the epidemic curve from the initial cluster of cases with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in December 2019 indicates substantial human-to-human transmission. To support the hypothesis of zoonotic origin of 2019-nCoV stemming from the Huanan seafood market, the index case should have had exposure history related to the market and the virus should have been identified from animals sold at the market. The clinical summary of the earliest cases of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections in Wuhan, China was recently published [1] , showing the majority of cases were exposed to the Huanan seafood market, which also had wild animals, suggesting the possibility of zoonotic transmission in the market. Second, without identifying the virus in Second, assuming a constant SI of 8 days, the epidemic curve of cases by the date of illness onset can be transformed to that by generation of cases. doi = 10.3390/jcm9020488 id = cord-294910-gnc04ax1 author = Nogueira, Paulo Jorge title = The Role of Health Preconditions on COVID-19 Deaths in Portugal: Evidence from Surveillance Data of the First 20293 Infection Cases date = 2020-07-24 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; kidney; study summary = The risk factors for increased odds of death by COVID-19 were: sex (male: OR = 1.47, ref = female), age ((56–60) years, OR = 6.01; (61–65) years, OR = 10.5; (66–70) years, OR = 20.4; (71–75) years, OR = 34; (76–80) years, OR = 50.9; (81–85) years, OR = 70.7; (86–90) years, OR = 83.2; (91–95) years, OR = 91.8; (96–104) years, OR = 140.2, ref = (0–55)), Cardiac disease (OR = 2.86), Kidney disorder (OR = 2.95), and Neuromuscular disorder (OR = 1.58), while condition (None (absence of precondition); OR = 0.49) was associated with a reduced chance of dying after adjusting for other variables of interest. The data retrieved include individuals'' demographic characteristics (age, sex, region), COVID-19 disease information (death, recovery, still in treatment, hospitalization, intensive care, respiratory support), and preconditions (Asthma, Cancer, Cardiac disease, Hematological disorder, Diabetes, HIV and other immune deficiency, Kidney disorder, Liver disorder, Neuromuscular disorder, Other precondition and None (absence of precondition)). doi = 10.3390/jcm9082368 id = cord-325093-g2llk2p0 author = Pomara, Cristoforo title = COVID-19 Deaths: Are We Sure It Is Pneumonia? Please, Autopsy, Autopsy, Autopsy! date = 2020-04-26 keywords = autopsy summary = The current outbreak of COVID-19 severe respiratory disease, which started in Wuhan, China, is an ongoing challenge, and a major threat to public health that requires surveillance, prompt diagnosis, and research efforts to understand this emergent pathogen and to develop an effective response. Due to the scientific community''s efforts, there is an increasing body of published studies describing the virus'' biology, its transmission and diagnosis, its clinical features, its radiological findings, and the development of candidate therapeutics and vaccines. Only by working with a complete set of histological samples obtained through autopsy can one ascertain the exact cause(s) of death, optimize clinical management, and assist clinicians in pointing out a timely and effective treatment to reduce mortality. Due to scientific community''s efforts, there is an increasing body of published studies describing the COVID-19''s biology, its transmission and diagnosis, its clinical features, its radiological findings, and the development of candidate therapeutics and vaccines. doi = 10.3390/jcm9051259 id = cord-011426-jn29kica author = Portero de la Cruz, Silvia title = A Multicenter Study into Burnout, Perceived Stress, Job Satisfaction, Coping Strategies, and General Health among Emergency Department Nursing Staff date = 2020-04-02 keywords = burnout summary = title: A Multicenter Study into Burnout, Perceived Stress, Job Satisfaction, Coping Strategies, and General Health among Emergency Department Nursing Staff The aims of this study were to estimate burnout, perceived stress, job satisfaction, coping and general health levels experienced by nurses working in emergency departments in Spain and to analyze the relationships between sociodemographic, occupational, and psychological variables and the occurrence of burnout syndrome among these professionals. An ad hoc questionnaire was prepared to collect sociodemographic and work data, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Font–Roja Questionnaire, the Brief Cope Orientation to Problem Experience and the General Health Questionnaire were used. Lack of physical exercise, gender, years worked at an emergency department, anxiety, social dysfunction, and avoidance coping were significant predictors of the dimensions of burnout. Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses: A follow-up study doi = 10.3390/jcm9041007 id = cord-254148-wc762p6v author = Prell, Tino title = Recommendations for Standards of Network Care for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease in Germany date = 2020-05-13 keywords = Germany; Parkinson; care; patient summary = title: Recommendations for Standards of Network Care for Patients with Parkinson''s Disease in Germany Thus, one recommendation for standard of care in the initial phase of the disease course is physician awareness of the first signs of PD (which could be achieved with better information and secondary prevention standards in the network) and early referral of patients to a movement disorder specialist (which could be achieved by specific disease management programmes). For these patients, at the border between inpatient and outpatient care and the need for sophisticated treatment strategies, the new comprehensive, individual, and interdisciplinary concept of a PD day clinic has proven to be effective [25] . In general, a neurologist should be responsible for long-term medical care of patients with PD, and movement disorder specialists should be involved when there is a special issue. doi = 10.3390/jcm9051455 id = cord-281039-a7q5nzwn author = Rodilla, Enrique title = Association of Hypertension with All-Cause Mortality among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-28 keywords = ACEI; COVID-19; patient summary = Multivariate analysis showed that after adjusting for gender (males, OR: 1.5, p = 0.0001), age tertiles (second and third tertiles, OR: 2.0 and 4.7, p = 0.0001), and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores (second and third tertiles, OR: 4.7 and 8.1, p = 0.0001), hypertension was significantly predictive of all-cause mortality when this comorbidity was treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) (OR: 1.6, p = 0.002) or other than renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockers (OR: 1.3, p = 0.001) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) (OR: 1.2, p = 0.035). First, a previous diagnosis of HT increased the risk of all-cause death in COVID-19 patients who required hospitalization on the order of approximately 20% and independently of age and other cardiovascular comorbidities, such as HF and atrial fibrillation. Second, previous treatment with ACEIs/ARBs in hypertensive patients was not associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality in hypertensive hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared to other antihypertensive drugs. doi = 10.3390/jcm9103136 id = cord-282384-qbcqbhk4 author = Savastano, Alfonso title = Peripapillary Retinal Vascular Involvement in Early Post-COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-09-08 keywords = RPCP; SARS; covid-19 summary = Furthermore, we performed an additional analysis within the post-COVID-19 group correlating the primary outcome measures with the other examined variables to detect potential risk factors for RPCP impairment in post SARS-CoV-2 patients. Spearman''s Test revealed a statistically significant linear correlation between RNFL average thickness and both RPCP perfusion density (p < 0.001) ( Figure 3 ) and RPCP flow index (p < 0.001) (Figure 4) within the post-COVID-19 group. Our study examined this aspect outlining the correlation of the RPCP perfusion density and RPCP flow index with the RNFL average thickness also in early post-COVID-19 patients. In this regard, it is interesting to notice that patients in the post-COVID-19 group showed a lower mean age, a lower prevalence of diabetes and systemic arterial hypertension, and a higher prevalence of females (typically affected by milder manifestations of the disease) compared to the reported SARS-CoV-2 epidemiologic data [38] . doi = 10.3390/jcm9092895 id = cord-267933-rg1yus8g author = Sbeit, Wisam title = Long-Term Safety of Endoscopic Biliary Stents for Cholangitis Complicating Choledocholithiasis: A Multi-Center Study date = 2020-09-12 keywords = ERCP; stent summary = Methods: a multi-center, retrospective case-control study conducted at two Israeli medical centers from January 2013 to December 2018 including all patients 18 years of age or older who underwent ERCP and biliary stent insertion for the treatment of acute cholangitis due to choledocholithiasis. Eighty-three patients who underwent urgent ERCP for acute cholangitis complicating choledocholithiasis with biliary stent insertion mostly without papillotomy or with papillotomy when stone extraction was attempted, had retained long-term biliary stents of more than 6 months from insertion (group A) vs. On the other hand, a recent retrospective study comparing the outcome in 3 groups of patients with choledocholithiasis unfit for definitive endoscopic stone removal or surgery using plastic biliary stenting (7 Fr, 7 cm), showed cholangitis rate of 2.9% and 8.6% in 6-and 12-month replacement groups, respectively, and 35.3% in the third group in whom stent replacement was carried out due to developing acute cholangitis with a median time for replacement of 16.3 months [20] . doi = 10.3390/jcm9092953 id = cord-252902-qtfx49qp author = Scott, Jodie title = Creating Healthy Change in the Preconception Period for Women with Overweight or Obesity: A Qualitative Study Using the Information–Motivation–Behavioural Skills Model date = 2020-10-19 keywords = health; motivation; obese; weight; woman summary = A qualitative study focused on improving health in women of childbearing age identified that dietary knowledge, cooking skills and the time and cost of preparing healthy food were significant barriers to adopting a healthier diet [23] . This study aims to develop an understanding of preconception health awareness, potential barriers to adopting a healthier lifestyle, motivations, current behaviours and the practical skills required to change behaviour, for women with overweight or obesity. trying to conceive, or have already had children and trying to conceive again, you know, you''ve got another body to look after, like it''s not just you any more" (Sasha, Obese class II) Many women felt a sense of personal autonomy in choosing to improve their health-recognising that their lifestyle choices were modifiable and to have a healthy life, they had to take stock of their habits and change their mindset. doi = 10.3390/jcm9103351 id = cord-289219-qjxdggz3 author = Sebio-García, Raquel title = Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Time for an Upgrade date = 2020-08-25 keywords = patient summary = Pulmonary rehabilitation is a notoriously known but highly underused intervention aimed to restore or improve functional capacity, symptom management and health-related quality of life among patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Since early 1980s, pulmonary rehabilitation has been acknowledged as a comprehensive intervention with hundreds of studies being performed over the past thirty years demonstrating its benefits on multiple outcomes; nevertheless, there are still multiple unresolved challenges, and new ones are currently emerging, with the COVID-19 outbreak now in the spotlight. PR stems from a comprehensive evaluation of the patient aimed to design an individually-tailored, multi-component intervention to optimise symptom control, pulmonary function, exercise capacity and health-related quality of life [1] . The effectiveness of PR on different outcomes such as exercise capacity, muscle function, dyspnoea and symptom control, is quite robust, so it is currently recommended in the management of different chronic respiratory conditions, especially for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). doi = 10.3390/jcm9092742 id = cord-322184-kgv9f58a author = Sohn, Yujin title = Assessing Viral Shedding and Infectivity of Asymptomatic or Mildly Symptomatic Patients with COVID-19 in a Later Phase date = 2020-09-10 keywords = PCR; SARS summary = Conclusions: In conclusion, our study suggests that even if viral shedding is sustained in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with later phase of COVID-19, it can be expected that the transmission risk of the virus is low. In this study, we attempted to confirm the presence of viable virus by performing RT-PCR assay and culture using salivary and nasopharyngeal swabs of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients who had been diagnosed with the disease and admitted to a CTC at least two weeks previously. Therefore, based on the evidence that the virus is rarely detected in respiratory specimens after 10 days following the onset of symptoms, especially in mild or asymptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, even if viral shedding is sustained in the later phase of COVID-19, it can be expected that the transmission risk of the virus is low. doi = 10.3390/jcm9092924 id = cord-262996-zxn86z6k author = Störmann, Philipp title = Characteristics and Injury Patterns in Electric-Scooter Related Accidents—A Prospective Two-Center Report from Germany date = 2020-05-22 keywords = injury; scooter summary = This retrospective two-center study included a total of 76 patients who presented to the emergency department following E-scooter-related accidents. Likewise, worldwide data on injury patterns related to the use of E-scooters are sparse, mainly due to the short time period since their introduction to the public. We hypothesize that E-scooter-related accidents result in typical high-energy injuries and that the rate of use of protective gear is low. The aim of this study was therefore to identify injury patterns following E-scooter accidents and to evaluate the need for in-hospital and surgical treatment associated with these specific injuries. All patients involved in an accident with an E-scooter who presented by ambulance or independently to the emergency department of one of the two hospitals were included in this prospective observational study. These significant injury patterns are not only due to the high speed and short reaction time associated with E-scooter use, as mentioned above, but also due to the very low rate of use of protective measures, such as helmets. doi = 10.3390/jcm9051569 id = cord-252687-7084pfqm author = Szelenberger, Rafal title = Ischemic Stroke among the Symptoms Caused by the COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-08-19 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; cell; patient; stroke summary = Many clinical studies have shown an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and hypercoagulability diagnosed on the basis of abnormal coagulation parameters, including activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen, D-dimer and C-reactive protein level. In this review, the potential mechanism and the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection on the development of ischemic stroke in COVID-19 patients were carefully studied. study, in which most non-survivor COVID-19 patients'' (71.4%) blood tests showed prolonged prothrombin time and an increased D-dimer levels, which indicated the state after activation of the plasma coagulation system [14] . The accumulation of immune cells in the vascular wall in response to the viral infection, especially among patients with ischemic risk factors, induces endothelial dysfunction, migration and proliferation of cells, activation of coagulation cascade and production of fibrous plaques. doi = 10.3390/jcm9092688 id = cord-318211-hhp84ygq author = Ticconi, Carlo title = Pregnancy-Related Complications in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Prospective Cohort Study date = 2020-09-01 keywords = RPL; pregnancy; woman summary = The aim of this prospective cohort study was to determine whether women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) have an increased risk of pregnancy complications compared to normal pregnant women. This observation suggests that the number of miscarriages-a likely indicator of the gravity of the condition-is a major determinant of the reproductive success of women with RPL; in fact, it has been reported that the live birth rates in the successive pregnancy in women with two consecutive losses is around 75% [4, 5] . This prospective, observational, study has been carried out to investigate the occurrence rates of major gestational complications in a cohort of women with RPL compared to normal healthy women without RPL followed during their first subsequent pregnancy after referral. doi = 10.3390/jcm9092833 id = cord-284301-fg3hk94b author = Umemura, Yutaka title = Hematological Phenotype of COVID-19-Induced Coagulopathy: Far from Typical Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy date = 2020-09-05 keywords = DIC; covid-19; group summary = Methods: To elucidate the specific pattern of coagulopathy induced by COVID-19 pneumonia, this retrospective, observational study targeted consecutive adult patients with COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and compared hemostatic biomarkers with non-COVID-19-induced septic ARDS. The aim of this study was to reveal the specific pattern of coagulopathy induced by severe COVID-19 pneumonia by comparing the hemostatic parameters chronologically with those in patients with ARDS induced by non-COVID-19 pneumonia. We also performed multilevel mixed-effects regression analysis to evaluate the time series differences during the first seven days in other organ dysfunction parameters, including P/F ratio, serum creatinine level, serum bilirubin level, Glasgow Coma Scale, and SOFA subscore for the cardiovascular component between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. Second, we enrolled patients with different pathophysiology (bacterial ARDS) as the control group for the study purpose of evaluating the specific phenotype of severe COVID-19-induced coagulopathy by comparing it to other types of sepsis. doi = 10.3390/jcm9092875 id = cord-290135-ax5ck4qw author = Urbano, Nicoletta title = [(99)mTc]Sestamibi SPECT Can Predict Proliferation Index, Angiogenesis, and Vascular Invasion in Parathyroid Patients: A Retrospective Study date = 2020-07-13 keywords = Ki67 summary = The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association among sestamibi uptake and the main histopathological characteristics of parathyroid lesions related to aggressiveness such as the proliferation index (Ki67 expression and mitosis), angiogenesis (number of vessels), and vascular invasion in hyperparathyroidism patients. In conclusion, data obtained on patients with positive or negative scintigraphy support the hypothesis that sestamibi can be a tracer that is capable of predicting some biological characteristics of parathyroid tumors such as angiogenesis, proliferation indexes, and the invasion of surrounding tissues or vessels. Starting from these considerations, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association among sestamibi uptake and the main histopathological characteristics of parathyroid lesions related to aggressiveness such as proliferation index (Ki67 expression and mitosis), angiogenesis (number of vessels), and vascular invasion in PHP patients. doi = 10.3390/jcm9072213 id = cord-309876-l0xginsa author = Vena, Antonio title = Prevalence of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Italian Adults and Associated Risk Factors date = 2020-08-27 keywords = CoV-2; SARS summary = A generalized estimating equations model showed that the main risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence were the following: an occupational exposure to the virus [Odd ratio (OR) = 2.36; 95% CI 1.59–3.50, p = 0.001], being a long-term care facility resident (OR = 4.53; 95% CI 3.19–6.45, p = 0.001), and reporting previous symptoms of influenza-like illness (OR = 4.86; 95% CI 3.75–6.30, p = 0.001) or loss of sense of smell or taste (OR = 41.00; 95% CI 18.94–88.71, p = 0.001). In the present observational study performed on a large sample of subject in northern Italy, we found the following: (1) the overall seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG and/or IgM) was 11.0%; (2) occupational exposure to the virus, long-term care facility residency, as well as previous symptoms of influenza-like illness or loss of sense of smell or taste were independently associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 positivity. doi = 10.3390/jcm9092780 id = cord-289832-092dtzrd author = Villard, Orianne title = The Plasmatic Aldosterone and C-Reactive Protein Levels, and the Severity of Covid-19: The Dyhor-19 Study date = 2020-07-21 keywords = CRP; covid-19 summary = The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic, uses the angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2), a physiological inhibitor of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), as a cellular receptor to infect cells. In univariate analyses, aldosterone and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at inclusion were significantly higher in patients with severe clinical course as compared to those with mild or moderate course (p < 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). Moreover, aldosterone levels were also gradually and significantly increased when we compared clinical status of patients in the three following categories: mild (OS ≤ 3), moderate (OS = 4) and severe (OS ≥ 5) on Day 2 and at OS max (analysis of variance, p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively) ( Figure 2B) . In the present study, higher plasmatic aldosterone and CRP levels at inclusion are associated with severe clinical course of Covid-19 in hospitalized patients, and both parameters appear to be correlated. doi = 10.3390/jcm9072315 id = cord-264616-l8bv5t3o author = Zhao, Shi title = Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak date = 2020-02-01 keywords = January summary = title: Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak Background: In December 2019, an outbreak of respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged in Wuhan, China and has swiftly spread to other parts of China and a number of foreign countries. We used the serial intervals (SI) of infection caused by two other well-known coronaviruses (CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) CoVs, as approximations of the unknown SI for 2019-nCoV to estimate R(0). In this study, we estimated the number of unreported cases and the basic reproduction number, R 0 , of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan from 1 to 15 January 2020 based on the limited data in the early outbreak. Estimating the Potential Total Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in Wuhan City doi = 10.3390/jcm9020388 id = cord-273567-8fp3a9h8 author = Zipprich, Hannah M. title = Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Burden During the COVID-19 Pandemic in People with Parkinson’s Disease in Germany date = 2020-05-29 keywords = COVID-19; Parkinson; patient summary = Methods: Semi-structured telephone interviews were performed with 99 patients with Parkinson''s disease (PD) and 21 controls to explore knowledge, attitudes, practices, and burden in order to elucidate nonadherence to preventive measures. Since then, local and national governments have taken unprecedented measures in response to the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2-induced coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19), including quarantining infected individuals and their family members, canceling public transportation, exit controls, travel restrictions, contact restrictions, curfews, school closures, and requiring people to wear mouth and nose masks [4, 5] . The semi-structured questionnaire consisted of 22 questions to assess the patient''s current situation and adherence to the ongoing regulations, with four of these questions examining the patient''s knowledge of preventive measures (questions 4, 5, 6, and 7), three capturing their attitude toward the virus (questions 8, 9, and 16) , and six exploring practices and behavioral changes regarding COVID-19 (questions 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 ). doi = 10.3390/jcm9061643