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lemma:
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lemma:
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  Healthy Development World Health Organization Report on Infectious Diseases Evidence of Airborne Transmission of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus Role


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  Factors That Structure Microbial Communities A Fortran Computer Program for Permutational Multivariate Analysis


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  The Link between the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Lung Function Impairment and Metabolic Syndrome Obesity


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  Perspectives for COVID19 Review Impact of Diet Modulated Butyrate Production on Intestinal Barrier Function and Inflammation


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  Cultural Organization World Health Organization Management of Substance Abuse Process of Translation and Adaptation of Instruments Determination


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  Cronbach s alpha 0 72 0 69 and 0 76 for pre test post test and six week follow up 92 The scale has demonstrated good validity in prior studies 92 101 and adequate internal consistency


id: cord-011906-ek7joi0m
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  NoMO r 252 0 51 p 0 01 However smartphone distraction correlated negatively with two variables mindful attention r 252 0 52 p 0 01 and self awareness r 252 0 34 p 0 01 To test H1 and assess the effect of the intervention on smartphone distraction two separate ANCOVAs were conducted First to isolate any effect of the intervention a per protocol analysis was conducted As depicted in Table 4 online vigilance r 252 0 51 p 0 01 automaticity r 252 0 57 p 0 01 impulsivity r 252 0 45 p 0 01 deficient self regulation r 252 0 33 p 0 01 smartphone use day r 252 0 31 p 0 01 p 0 01 FoMO r 252 0 28 p 0 01 and NoMO r 252 0 51 p 0 01 However smartphone distraction correlated negatively with two variables mindful attention r 252 0 52 p 0 01 and self awareness r 252 0 34 p 0 01 To test H1 and assess the effect of the intervention on smartphone distraction two separate ANCOVAs were conducted First to isolate any effect of the intervention a per protocol analysis was conducted As depicted in Table 4 ANCOVA analyses for the secondary outcomes


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  influenza A H7N9 outbreaks Chinese Internet Users Search Behavior Study Pandemics in the age of Twitter content


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  Knowledge Attitudes and Practices of Breast Cancer Screening Methods Among Female Patients in Primary Healthcare Centers


id: cord-013390-i5h7ob3n
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  the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire Predictors of Quality Of Life in a Sample of Lebanese Patients with Cancer Health


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  the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Report of the WHO China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease


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  CECC Urges People Subject to Home Quarantine Isolation to Follow Related Regulations to Protect Everyone s Health Covid 19


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  What Is Done and What Can Be Done Multidimensional Determinants of National Food Security in Azerbaijan


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id: cord-268716-lbxmteyn
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  Open Markets and Technology Gap Dynamic Causality Testing for EKC Hypothesis Pollution Haven Hypothesis and International Trade


id: cord-268716-lbxmteyn
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  Shocks Evidence on Education Health and Nutrition Are Export Restrictions an Effective Instrument to Insulate Domestic Prices against Skyrocketing World Market Prices


id: cord-268716-lbxmteyn
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  Serbia World Agriculture Commodity Policy and Price Variability Implications of Higher Global Food Prices for Poverty in Low Income Countries Economics of Export Taxation


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  the Status of Hospital Nursing Staffing Influencing Factors on Presenteeism of Clinical Nurses Presenteeism


id: cord-011818-z89m8dur
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  The Relationship between Shared Breakfast and Skipping Breakfast with Depression and General Health State


id: cord-011818-z89m8dur
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entity:
  Gastrointestinal Disorders A Study Using the Hallym Smart Clinical Data Warehouse Comorbidity of Headache


id: cord-013401-yh8cu1hx
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entity:
  the Effectiveness of Educational Interventions for Improving Complementary Feeding Practices in Developing Countries Correlates


id: cord-013401-yh8cu1hx
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entity:
  the Project on Linkages between Child Nutrition and Agricultural Growth Food Security International Development Policy Syntheses An Integrated Microcredit Entrepreneurial Training and Nutrition Education Intervention Is Associated


id: cord-013401-yh8cu1hx
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  the Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki University


id: cord-267874-k6tmu5gi
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  Way Colorado COVID 19 Social Distancing Index Maps Identify Neighborhoods and Towns Least Able to Socially Distance


id: cord-267874-k6tmu5gi
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entity:
  Children United States Cancer Statistics Data Visualizations Cancer Burden CO USA Environmental Systems Research Institute


id: cord-011540-9jvoa8vr
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entity:
  Qualitatative Research Practices A Guide for Social Science Student and Researchers The Discovery of Grounded Theory Strategies for Qualitative Research Developing


id: cord-283398-wplz8o2k
type: ORG
entity:
  the Identity Card Surveillance Security and Identification in Global Perspective Protecting and Proving Identity


id: cord-283398-wplz8o2k
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  Final Report Systemic Barriers to Housing Initiative Failing the Homeless Barriers in the Ontario Disability Support Program for Homeless People with Disabilities Street Health Barriers


id: cord-277077-kwaiorp8
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  Essential Oil and Its Active Constituents on the Proliferation of Human Prostate Cancer Preservative


id: cord-277077-kwaiorp8
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  menthol menthone menthofuran isomenthone E caryophyllene 1 8 cineole linalool limonene carvone pulegone


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  Modena and Reggio Emilia Shortage of Personal Protective Equipment Endangering Health Workers Worldwide Ethical Rationing of Personal Protective Equipment


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  Using Linguistic Features to Estimate Suicide Probability of Chinese Microblog Users Discovering Shifts to Suicidal Ideation from Mental Health Content in Social Media


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  In Handbook of Psychological Assessment in Primary Care Settings Determinants of Students Perceptions of Conventional and Unconventional War Threats Development


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  Food Safety Guidance for Food Businesses Review of the Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease


id: cord-255602-3pzh5ur9
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  the Cuore Project for the Who Action Network on Measuring Population and Organizational Health Literacy


id: cord-255602-3pzh5ur9
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  The Impact of Repetition Induced Familiarity on Agreement With Weak and Strong Arguments Misinformation


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  An Integrative Review Examining Student to Student Incivility and Effective Strategies to Address Incivility in Nursing Education Gratitude


id: cord-264798-s31gncge
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  Creating Low Carbon Cities A Trail Across Time American Environmental Planning From City Beautiful to Sustainability


id: cord-264798-s31gncge
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  Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study of Women Environ Health Perspect Physiological and Psychological Effects


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  green space nurtures social networking exercising leisure or even commercial and political functions activities For example the quality and quantity of amenities


id: cord-283175-kh2rm2ir
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  the Moderating Effect of Living with Other People Individual Differences Economic Stability and Fear of Contagion as Risk Factors for PTSD Symptoms


id: cord-283175-kh2rm2ir
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  influenza A H1N1 pandemic in the Netherlands The Effect of Risk Perception on the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Influenza Dynamics Emergency Committee Regarding the Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus 2019 nCoV A


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  A Study on the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Traits Entrepreneurial Self Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Behavior


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  Environmental Performance Indicators for Green Port Policy Evaluation Case Study of Laem Chabang Port Sea Ports Organisation IAPH International Association of Ports and


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  a Definition of Carbon Footprint In Ecological Economics Research Trends Carbon Footprint of Electricity Generation International Relations and Global Climate Change Climate Policy Potsdam IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC Factsheet Timeline Highlights of IPCC History IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change


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  First Edition Greenhouse Gases Part1 Specification with Guidance at the Organization Level for Quantification and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals


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  the Organization Level for Quantification and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals Calculadora de Huella de Carbono de una


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  PIANC World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure EnviCom 188 Carbon Management for Port and Navigation Infrastructure PIANC World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure Clean Cargo Working Group


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  the European Regional Development Fund Port of Rotterdam Authority CO 2 Footprint Port of Rotterdam Authority Port


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  the Mediterranean Basin Department of Civil Protection of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers COVID19 Epidemiological Data


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  Predictive Models Using Regression In Applying Predictive Analytics R A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing R Foundation for Statistical Computing Correlation


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  The Combined Effect of Perceived COVID 19 Infection Risk at Work and Identification with Work Community on Psychosocial Wellbeing


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  Additional Guidance for Dental Teams COVID 19 Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine Advice on the Use of Masks


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  Accelerate the Implementation of Periodic Tax and Fee Reduction to Stabilize Employment How to Revive


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  the Origin of Back Pain Relationships Between Weight Physical Activity and Back Pain in Young Adult Women Low


id: cord-283514-7rjo9k4d
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  Research Methodology How to Choose a Sampling Technique for Practical Issues in Calculating the Sample Size for Prevalence Studies Guidelines


id: cord-283514-7rjo9k4d
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  The Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Neck Shoulder and Low Back Pains among Medical Students at University Hospitals in Central Saudi Arabia Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorders among Taxi Industry Workers


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  5 Horas y 2 Minutos Diarios por Persona Appropriate Governance Responses to Infectious Disease Threats Developing Working Hypotheses Risk Hazards


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  Statement on the Second Meeting of the International Health Regulations 2005 Emergency Committee Regarding the Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus 2019 nCoV Convened


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  Factors Influencing Attitudes to Violence against Women Trauma Violence Abus Women s Perceptions of Their Community s Social Norms Towards Assisting Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence


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  Introduction for Rabies National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People s Republic of China


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  OECD Countries Steering Committee for the Review of Government Service Provision SCRGSP Public Service Commission


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  College Students Academic Stress and Its Relation To Their Anxiety Time Management and Leisure Satisfaction Impact of Sars


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  Maternal Health Literacy and Maternal and Child Health Outcomes A Review of the Literature Adolescent


id: cord-262927-mehijkzo
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  Office of Disease Prevention Health Promotion National Action Plan To Improve Health Literacy US Department of Health Human Services Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care National Statement on Health Literacy Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care Implementation


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  Taiwan Centers for Disease Control Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and Medical College of National Cheng Kung University


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  Investigations and Implications for the Prevention of Human to Human Transmission Contact Investigation for Imported Case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Hospital


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  China NHC nonstructural protein 14 nsp14 Northern Hemisphere NH nucleocapsid phosphoprotein N open reading frames


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  Wuhan City Molecular Evolution of Human Coronavirus Genomes A Review of Coronavirus Disease 2019 COVID 19 Genetic Recombination and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses Coronaviruses in Avian Species Review with Focus on Epidemiology and Diagnosis in Wild Birds


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  SARS CoV 2 COVID 19 Infection and Circulating ACE2 Levels Protective Role in Women and Children Front Contact Tracing


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  CrossRef 89 National Health Commission of the People s Republic of China Pneumonia Epidemic Situation of New Coronavirus Infection


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  Vitro Bionic Digestion and Biomembrane Extraction for Metal Speciation Analysis Bioavailability and Risk Assessment


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  Infection Prevention and Control of Epidemic and Pandemic Prone Acute Respiratory Infections in Health Care Guidelines


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  Memberships χ 2 7 N 421 21 68 p 0 003 As can be seen in Table 4 participants with higher levels of education showed better general indicators Specifically those with doctoral degrees expressed lower levels of anxiety and depression than high school graduates and higher levels of mental health and resilience than those with primary education While those with a master s degree reported greater group membership continuity than high school graduates and more new group memberships than those with a bachelor s degree As shown in Table 5 people who were working during the period of confinement teleworking or face to face presented greater membership continuity life satisfaction resilience and mental health than people who didn t work temporary suspension of contract sick leave ERTE or inactivity due to confinement Moreover people who didn t work expressed higher levels of depression that people who were in working in confinement Regarding occupational status the most significant results showed that retirees experienced lower levels of anxiety and depression than part time workers and students better mental health than part time workers the unemployed COVID 19 unemployed and students and also less depression than the latter three groups In addition students showed less resilience than retirees worse mental health and greater depression than self employed and full time workers and greater anxiety than the latter The results shown by the students are consistent with those already mentioned for the younger age groups Table 3 Compared to other professionals O health professionals HP reported that they developed more new group memberships showed greater personal identity strength provided more social support and had more perceived personal control The results in Table 6 show that people who were in a relationship in confinement showed lower levels of depression and better mental health In turn people with children showed less anxiety and depression and also displayed higher personal identity strength life satisfaction resilience mental health and physical health Finally people who belonged to a COVID 19 risk group only reported worse perceived physical health Mdn 7 29 IQR 8 29 5 78 than those who did not belonged Mdn 7 86 IQR 8 86 6 29 U 14481 50 p 0 021 As shown in Table 7 maintenance of memberships before quarantine was correlated with the building of new ones during quarantine ρ 0 34 p 0 01 Membership continuity was associated with identity strength ρ 0 20 p 0 01 but new memberships were not correlated with it Meanwhile received social support correlated with membership continuity ρ 0 22 p 0 01 and with personal identity strength ρ 0 30 p 0 01 And provided social support was positively associated with membership continuity ρ 0 29 p 0 01 new memberships ρ 0 12 p 0 05 and highly with personal identity strength ρ 0 41 p 0 01 Moreover perceptions of received and provided social support were strongly correlated ρ 0 56 p 0 01 Spearman s rank correlation coefficients related to perceived control are also presented in Table 2 Personal identity strength showed a significant association ρ 0 28 p 0 01 and also received social support ρ 0 24 p 0 01 and provided social support ρ 0 31 p 0 01 Correlations regarding relationships group and identity resources measures and health and well being perceptions are also shown in Table 2 Membership continuity was correlated with resilience ρ 0 15 p 0 01 Personal identity strength was positively associated with resilience ρ 0 30 p 0 01 life satisfaction ρ 0 30 p 0 01 mental health ρ 0 21 p 0 01 and perceived physical health ρ 0 17 p 0 01 and negatively with anxiety ρ 0 11 p 0 05 and depression ρ 0 18 p 0 01 New identities showed no associations with well being Meanwhile received social support was positively associated with resilience ρ 0 18 p 0 01 life satisfaction ρ 0 31 p 0 01 mental health ρ 0 22 p 0 01 and perceived physical health ρ 0 21 p 0 01 and negatively with anxiety ρ 0 12 p 0 05 and depression ρ 0 17 p 0 01 Whereas provided social support was positively associated with resilience ρ 0 21 p 0 01 life satisfaction ρ 0 27 p 0 01 mental health ρ 0 16 p 0 01 and perceived physical health ρ 0 16 p 0 01 and negatively with anxiety ρ 0 10 p 0 05 Lastly perceived control was positively associated with resilience ρ 0 29 p 0 01 strongly with life satisfaction ρ 0 57 p 0 01 mental health ρ 0 35 p 0 01 and perceived physical health ρ 0 43 p 0 01 and negatively with anxiety ρ 0 34 p 0 01 and depression ρ 0 36 p 0 01 We conducted additional analysis in order to delve deeper into the relationships between received and provided social support during the pandemic perceived personal control and personal identity strength and the different health and well being factors To this end these variables were recoded in three clusters


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id: cord-345991-d26y5291
type: PROTEIN
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  manuscript COVID 19 Coronavirus 2019 nCov Statistics Update Live 4 122 912 Cases and 280 337 Deaths Situation Update Worldwide Persistence of coronaviruses


id: cord-345991-d26y5291
type: CHEBI
entity:
  ethanoliodine Y Y N Y N Poloxamer iodine complex Y Y N Y N Povidone iodine 5 10 Y Y N Y N Undecoylium chloride iodine complex Y Y N Y N Isopropyl alcohol


id: cord-345991-d26y5291
type: ORG
entity:
  Food and Drug Administration Safety and Effectiveness of Health Care Antiseptics Topical Antimicrobial Drug Products


id: cord-345991-d26y5291
type: ORG
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  Health Care First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care Is Safer Care World Health Organisation Chemical Disinfectants Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization


id: cord-345991-d26y5291
type: WORK_OF_ART
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  A Versatile Polymer for Biomedical and Beyond Medical Applications Iodophor Antiseptics Intrinsic Microbial Contamination with Resistant Bacteria


id: cord-345991-d26y5291
type: ORG
entity:
  Antimicrobial Chemicals Associate with Microbial Function and Antibiotic Resistance Indoors Structure


id: cord-345991-d26y5291
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  N Y N Y Benzalkonium chloride Y Y Y Y N Benzethonium chloride Y Y N Y N Chlorhexidine gluconate N N N N N Chloroxylenol Y Y N Y N Cloflucarban Y Y N Y N Fluorosalan Y Y N Y N Hexylresorcinol Y Y N Y N Iodine


id: cord-344075-ucd6ooob
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  China COVID 19 pandemic and mental health consequences Systematic review of the current evidence Diakogiannis I Insomnia


id: cord-344075-ucd6ooob
type: ORG
entity:
  Home Association of Self Perceptions of Aging Personal and Family Resources and Loneliness With Psychological Distress


id: cord-344075-ucd6ooob
type: EVENT
entity:
  the Covid 19 Pandemic Implications for Gerontological Social Work Using Telehealth Groups to Combat Loneliness in Older Adults Through COVID 19 COVID 19


id: cord-348717-qgny6f6y
type: ORG
entity:
  Daily Situation Report 132 Ministry of Health Save the Children Save the Children s Global Response Plan


id: cord-348717-qgny6f6y
type: ORG
entity:
  Understanding the Psychological Consequences of Traumatic Events Disasters and Terrorism In Preparing for the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism


id: cord-348994-ly2fop7d
type: ORG
entity:
  Satellite Observations for Long Term Exposure Assessment of Global Concentrations of Fine Particulate Matter Particulate


id: cord-348994-ly2fop7d
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  the Global Burden of Disease Study An Integrated Risk Function for Estimating the Global Burden of Disease Attributable to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Exposure A


id: cord-343767-nnx8adtl
type: ORG
entity:
  Bilayer Local Search Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem


id: cord-346388-j6pajd68
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Customization of Rural Travel Services Supply Offer for Families with Children Marketing to Children in Tourism Industry Descriptive Analysis


id: cord-346388-j6pajd68
type: ORG
entity:
  Data Hwaseong Fortress General Information A Study on the Establishment of an Accessible Tourism Environment in Suwon Hwaseong Fortress for Children and Their Families Midas Hotel Resort Available


id: cord-347126-hvrly37e
type: ORG
entity:
  Switzerland Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales Active Australia Survey A Guide and Manual for Implementation Analysis


id: cord-351100-llyl97ry
type: ORG
entity:
  SARS CoV 2 Infection Practical Indications Clinical Course and Risk Factors for Mortality of Adult Inpatients


id: cord-346258-xlyi0cnl
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Adolescents With Specific Learning Disabilities Istraživanje Kvaliteta Uslužnog Process u Kruzing Turizmu


id: cord-346258-xlyi0cnl
type: ORG
entity:
  The World Cruise Industry A Profile of the Global Labour Market Seafarer s International Research Centre SIRC


id: cord-350006-c4be9eii
type: ORG
entity:
  NCOV Evolving Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outside Hubei Province China A Descriptive and Modelling Study COVID 19 Factors and Psychological Factors Associated with Elevated Psychological Distress


id: cord-350031-2c9x55hx
type: ORG
entity:
  China Using Information and Communication Technologies for Family Communication and Its Association with Family


id: cord-351880-iqr419fp
type: DISEASE
entity:
  coronavirus 2019 nCoV has spread internationally since the initial report of cases by Wuhan Municipal Health Commission China


id: cord-351785-d35kqobp
type: ORG
entity:
  the Mississippi Delta A Participatory Regional Partnership Approach to Promote Nutrition and Physical Activity Through Environmental and Policy Change


id: cord-351785-d35kqobp
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Assessment of a Healthy Corner Store Program FIT Store in Low Income Urban and Ethnically Diverse Neighborhoods


id: cord-353482-dz343h7t
type: ORG
entity:
  Disease Control Priorities International Comparison of the Levels and Potential Correlates of Objectively Measured Sedentary Time


id: cord-353482-dz343h7t
type: EVENT
entity:
  Four Year Old Children Physical Activity and Quality of Life of Healthy Children and Patients with Hematological Cancers Effect of a Multidimensional Physical Activity Intervention on Body Mass Index Skinfolds and Fitness


id: cord-353482-dz343h7t
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial Goal Framing and Temporal Framing Effects on the Acceptance of Childhood Simple Obesity Prevention Messages among Preschool Children s Caregivers


id: cord-353041-qmpatq8m
type: ORG
entity:
  Distinctiveness and Influence of Subjective Norms Personal Descriptive and Injunctive Norms and Societal Descriptive and Injunctive Norms on Behavioral Intent A Case of Two Behaviors Critical


id: cord-353041-qmpatq8m
type: ORG
entity:
  Focus Theory of Normative Conduct A Theoretical Refinement and Reevaluation of the Role of Norms in Human


id: cord-353041-qmpatq8m
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Causal Sequence of Risk Communication in the Parkfield Earthquake Prediction Experiment Technical


id: cord-353041-qmpatq8m
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior and Media Dependency Theory Predictors of Public Pro environmental Behavioral Intentions


id: cord-352501-5c78kq0w
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Generational Differences in Perceptions of Food Health Risk and Attitudes toward Organic Food and Game Meat


id: cord-352501-5c78kq0w
type: ORG
entity:
  Front A Review of the Principles and Applications of Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Characterize Meat Fat and Meat Products


id: cord-351651-6dbt99h0
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Vanishing Borders Protecting the Planet in the Age of Globalization Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic Cold Spring Harb Clinical


id: cord-353173-5c4n4tsf
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Effect of Fine Particulate Matter on the Inflammatory Responses in Human Upper Airway Mucosa Instillation


id: cord-352152-d3owtd98
type: DNA
entity:
  IES R 20 21 22 23 24 1025 84 7 Reference Reference Reference Reference p 0 05 p 0 01 p 0 001 Table 6


id: cord-351529-30apdn73
type: ORG
entity:
  A Multidisciplinary Intervention Utilizing Virtual Communication Tools to Reduce Health Disparities A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Making


id: cord-355055-7m8on8ct
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Producer to Consumer The Effectiveness of the Good Affordable Food Intervention for Adults with Low Socioeconomic Status and Small Incomes Food Safety


id: cord-356156-jjdkwalk
type: ORG
entity:
  Determinants of Neck Pain in Workers The Short Term Musculoskeletal and Cognitive Effects of Prolonged Sitting During Office Computer Work American Psychiatric Association Foundation


id: cord-355513-vgs96w3b
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  An Empirical Study on Influencing Factors of Continuous Attention to WeChat Public Accounts An Information Characteristics Perspective


id: cord-355513-vgs96w3b
type: ORG
entity:
  Floyd Collins Impact of Communication Measures Implemented During a School Tuberculosis Outbreak on Risk Perception among Parents and School Staff


id: cord-355905-av03suua
type: DISEASE
entity:
  cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases endocrine system diseases digestive system diseases respiratory system diseases hepatitis B malignant tumor


# url

id: cord-270796-ixpt6jnr
domain: www.who.int
url:
  http://www.who.int/publications-detail/laboratory-testing-for-2019novel-coronavirus-in-suspected-human-cases-20200117


id: cord-291916-5yqc3zcx
domain: www.who.int
url:
  http://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/laboratory-guidance


id: cord-291916-5yqc3zcx
domain: www.acc.org
url:
  http://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2020/03/27/14/00/ventricular-arrhythmia-riskdue-to-hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin-treatment-for-covid-19


id: cord-291916-5yqc3zcx
domain: investors.modernatx.com
url:
  http://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/moderna-ships-mrnavaccine-against-novel-coronavirus-mrna-1273


id: cord-319226-yvgvyif0
domain: www.ecdc.europa.eu
url:
  http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/social-marketing-guide-public-healthprogramme-managers-and-practitioners


# bib

id: cord-002184-964tbh7d
author: Liu, Kui
date: 2016-08-03
txt: ./txt/cord-002184-964tbh7d.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-002184-964tbh7d.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4997466/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph13080780
summary:
  This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the public reaction to Ebola in China and identify the primitive correlation between possible influence factors caused by the outbreak of Ebola in West Africa and Chinese public attention via Internet surveillance. To understand the public reaction in China to the outbreak of EVD in West Africa, we carried out an innovative network digital epidemiologic study based on the online data retrieved from 20 July to 4 September in 2014, in which the epidemics had aroused significant attention and reaction in China. This paper reported the use of BDI and SMI to identify the Chinese public''s reaction to the Ebola outbreak in West Africa from 20 July to 4 September in 2014. This digital epidemiologic study suggested that online surveillance reflected significant attention in the Chinese population to the Ebola outbreak, and that BDI and SMI were rapid and efficient in identifying and evaluating public reactions.

title:
  Chinese Public Attention to the Outbreak of Ebola in West Africa: Evidence from the Online Big Data Platform

abstract:
  Objective: The outbreak of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014 exerted enormous global public reaction via the Internet and social media. This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the public reaction to Ebola in China and identify the primitive correlation between possible influence factors caused by the outbreak of Ebola in West Africa and Chinese public attention via Internet surveillance. Methods: Baidu Index (BDI) and Sina Micro Index (SMI) were collected from their official websites, and the disease-related data were recorded from the websites of the World Health Organization (WHO), U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and U.S. National Ministries of Health. The average BDI of Internet users in different regions were calculated to identify the public reaction to the Ebola outbreak. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to check the relationship of epidemic trends with BDI and SMI. Additionally, spatio-temporal analysis and autocorrelation analysis were performed to detect the clustered areas with the high attention to the topic of “Ebola”. The related news reports were collected from authoritative websites to identify potential patterns. Results: The BDI and the SMI for “Ebola” showed a similar fluctuating trend with a correlation coefficient = 0.9 (p < 0.05). The average BDI in Beijing, Tibet, and Shanghai was higher than other cities. However, the disease-related indicators did not identify potential correlation with both indices above. A hotspot area was detected in Tibet by local autocorrelation analysis. The most likely cluster identified by spatiotemporal cluster analysis was in the northeast regions of China with the relative risk (RR) of 2.26 (p ≤ 0.01) from 30 July to 14 August in 2014. Qualitative analysis indicated that negative news could lead to a continuous increase of the public’s attention until the appearance of a positive news report. Conclusions: Confronted with the risk of cross-border transmission of the infectious disease, online surveillance might be used as an innovative approach to perform public communication and health education through examining the public’s reaction and attitude.


id: cord-002438-b8t4a57r
author: Cheng, Wei
date: 2017-02-22
txt: ./txt/cord-002438-b8t4a57r.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-002438-b8t4a57r.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5334771/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph14020217
summary:
  Our study use the surveillance data collected from 16 sentinel hospitals across Zhejiang Province during March 2011 through June 2015, including the demographic information and respiratory specimens from influenza-like illness (ILI) patients and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients. In this study, we used four-year continuous surveillance data to compare the epidemic and virological characteristics of influenza virus between ILI cases and SARI cases in Zhejiang Province. Correlation analysis of weekly influenza virus type/subtype constitution among total positive numbers between influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI). Our findings further demonstrated that young children are vulnerable for both mild and severe respiratory infection, and the low influenza detection rate among 0-4 years age-group in both SARI and ILI patients foreshadow the need of expand the respiratory illness surveillance to more types of pathogens [12, 24] .

title:
  Comparison of Influenza Epidemiological and Virological Characteristics between Outpatients and Inpatients in Zhejiang Province, China, March 2011–June 2015

abstract:
  Given the rapid rate of global spread and consequently healthcare costs related to influenza, surveillance plays an important role in monitoring the emerging pandemics in China. However, the characteristics of influenza in Southeast of China haven’t been fully studied. Our study use the surveillance data collected from 16 sentinel hospitals across Zhejiang Province during March 2011 through June 2015, including the demographic information and respiratory specimens from influenza-like illness (ILI) patients and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients. As analysis results, most SARI and ILI patients were in the age group of 0–4 years old (62.38% of ILI and 71.54% of SARI). The respiratory specimens have statistically significantly higher positive rate for influenza among ILI patients than that among SARI patients (p < 0.001). The comparison between ILI patients and SARI patients shows no statistically significantly difference in detecting influenza virus type and influenza A virus subtype. The SARI and ILI patients were found to be positively correlated for overall positive rate (r = 0.63, p < 0.001), the weekly percentage of A(H1N1)pdm09 (r = 0.51, p < 0.001), influenza B virus (r = 0.17, p = 0.013), and A/H3N2 (r = 0.43, p < 0.001) among all the positive numbers. Our study demonstrated that the activities of influenza virus, including its subtypes, had a similar temporal pattern between ILI and SARI cases.


id: cord-003612-bp7sray2
title: Public Perception on Healthcare Services: Evidence from Social Media Platforms in China
author: Hu, Guangyu
date: 2019-04-10
txt: ./txt/cord-003612-bp7sray2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-003612-bp7sray2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6479867/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph16071273
summary:
  Several researchers studied patient experience, based on the comments posted by patients from online health communities in China [21, 22] , but few studies have been conducted to gather information on healthcare services related topics using social media data. The objectives of this study are to conduct volume and sentiment analyses base on the extracted social media contents on hospital healthcare services. Our results showed that patient safety was the most significant topic for users of Chinese social media platforms, followed by information technology and service efficiency. Our results showed that patient safety was the most significant topic for users of Chinese social media platforms, followed by information technology and service efficiency. By analyzing shared information from WeChat and Qzone, this study showed that patient safety was the most concerned topic for users of Chinese social media platform, followed by information technology and service efficiency, while the doctor-patient relationship was found to have the highest proportion of negative comments.

abstract:
  Social media has been used as data resource in a growing number of health-related research. The objectives of this study were to identify content volume and sentiment polarity of social media records relevant to healthcare services in China. A list of the key words of healthcare services were used to extract data from WeChat and Qzone, between June 2017 and September 2017. The data were put into a corpus, where content analyses were performed using Tencent natural language processing (NLP). The final corpus contained approximately 29 million records. Records on patient safety were the most frequently mentioned topic (approximately 8.73 million, 30.1% of the corpus), with the contents on humanistic care having received the least social media references (0.43 Million, 1.5%). Sentiment analyses showed 36.1%, 16.4%, and 47.4% of positive, neutral, and negative emotions, respectively. The doctor-patient relationship category had the highest proportion of negative contents (74.9%), followed by service efficiency (59.5%), and nursing service (53.0%). Neutral disposition was found to be the highest (30.4%) in the contents on appointment-booking services. This study added evidence to the magnitude and direction of public perceptions on healthcare services in China’s hospital and pointed to the possibility of monitoring healthcare service improvement, using readily available data in social media.


id: cord-003640-psnec2qp
title: Bioaerosols Play a Major Role in the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota Content in Agricultural Environment
author: Mbareche, Hamza
date: 2019-04-16
txt: ./txt/cord-003640-psnec2qp.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-003640-psnec2qp.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6518280/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph16081375
summary:
  Results: A multivariate analysis showed air samples and nasopharyngeal flora of pig workers cluster together, compared to the non-exposed control group. An ecological analysis was conducted to reveal the variation in the community composition between the three sample groups (nasopharynx of pig farmers and non-exposed controls and air from pig farms). Given the observed difference in the number of bacterial OTUs, evenness, and evolutionary distance (alpha diversity) and in the bacterial community composition (beta diversity) in samples of the nasopharyngeal flora of farmers and non-exposed individuals and bioaerosols, collected in pig buildings, the next step was to reveal the taxonomic profiles of the three groups. Given the observed difference in the number of bacterial OTUs, evenness, and evolutionary distance (alpha diversity) and in the bacterial community composition (beta diversity) in samples of the nasopharyngeal flora of farmers and non-exposed individuals and bioaerosols, collected in pig buildings, the next step was to reveal the taxonomic profiles of the three groups.

abstract:
  Background: Bioaerosols are a major concern for public health and sampling for exposure assessment purposes is challenging. The nasopharyngeal region could be a potent carrier of long-term bioaerosol exposure agents. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between nasopharyngeal bacterial flora of swine workers and the swine barns bioaerosol biodiversity. Methods: Air samples from eight swine barns as well as nasopharyngeal swabs from pig workers (n = 25) and from a non-exposed control group (n = 29) were sequenced using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. Wastewater treatment plants were used as the industrial, low-dust, non-agricultural environment control to validate the microbial link between the bioaerosol content (air) and the nasopharynxes of workers. Results: A multivariate analysis showed air samples and nasopharyngeal flora of pig workers cluster together, compared to the non-exposed control group. The significance was confirmed with the PERMANOVA statistical test (p-value of 0.0001). Unlike the farm environment, nasopharynx samples from wastewater workers did not cluster with air samples from wastewater treatment plants. The difference in the microbial community of nasopharynx of swine workers and a control group suggest that swine workers are carriers of germs found in bioaerosols. Conclusion: Nasopharynx sampling and microbiota could be used as a proxy of air sampling for exposure assessment studies or for the determination of exposure markers in highly contaminated agricultural environments.


id: cord-010334-7ce0xhjo
author: Li, Chun
date: 2020-04-01
txt: ./txt/cord-010334-7ce0xhjo.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-010334-7ce0xhjo.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7177813/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072388
summary:
  (3) To verify the relationship between search query data in cyber space and population migration in geographical space, we select three urban agglomerations in China as case study: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD). (3) To verify the relationship between search query data in cyber space and population migration in geographical space, we select three urban agglomerations in China as case study: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD). Based on the different original location of migration search, we construct three MAIs as local-MAI, external-MAI, and intercity-MAI to delineate the public attention generated from local city, attention from external areas, and attention flow among urban areas; then, the correlation analysis is conducted between MAIs in cyber space and urban migrants in geographical space to further verify the aforementioned hypothesis.

title:
  The Relationship Exploration between Public Migration Attention and Population Migration from a Perspective of Search Query

abstract:
  Rapid population migration has been viewed as a critical factor impacting urban network construction and regional sustainable development. The supervision and analysis of population migration are necessary for guiding the optimal allocation of urban resources and for attaining the high efficiency development of region. Currently, the explorations of population migration are often restricted by the limitation of data. In the information era, search engines widely collect public attention, implying potential individual actions, and freely provide open, timelier, and large-scope search query data for helping explore regional phenomena and problems. In this paper, we endeavor to explore the possibility of adopting such data to depict population migration. Based on the search query from Baidu search engine, three migration attention indexes (MAIs) are constructed to capture public migration attention in cyber space. Taking three major urban agglomerations in China as case study, we conduct the correlation analysis among the cyber MAIs and population migration in geographical space. Results have shown that external-MAI and local-MAI can positively reflect the population migration inner regions and across regions from a holistic lens and that intercity-MAI can be a helpful supplement for the delineation of specific population flow. Along with the accumulation of cyber search query data, its potential in exploring population migration can be further reinforced.


id: cord-011536-rb8g5llp
title: Could Environment Affect the Mutation of H1N1 Influenza Virus?
author: Jiang, Dong
date: 2020-04-29
txt: ./txt/cord-011536-rb8g5llp.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011536-rb8g5llp.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7246512/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093092
summary:
  According to the research of Aitor Nogales et al., the H3N2 virus encoding the NS1-V194I protein displays a temperature-sensitive phenotype, providing an assumption of the effect of environmental factors such as temperature on the genetic mutation of influenza viruses [9] . In the present study, the location information (i.e., latitude and longitudes) of 11,721 reported cases of H1N1 were collected and we explored if H1N1 genomic diversity was subject to the direct effects of temperature, precipitation, and other natural factors or the indirect effects of population density, urban development, and other social factors. For H1N1''s HA mutation from 2000-2019, a simple generalized linear model (GLM) shows that, of all the seven independent variables, most variables displayed a strong significance with HA mutation, including maximum temperature, minimum temperature, nighttime light, population density, and years fixed factor. Figure 1 shows the impact of four variables on mutation, with precipitation (A) and minimum temperature (B) being selected as representatives of environmental factors, and nighttime light (C) and population density (D) as representative social factors.

abstract:
  H1N1 subtype influenza A viruses are the most common type of influenza A virus to infect humans. The two major outbreaks of the virus in 1918 and 2009 had a great impact both on human health and social development. Though data on their complete genome sequences have recently been obtained, the evolution and mutation of A/H1N1 viruses remain unknown to this day. Among many drivers, the impact of environmental factors on mutation is a novel hypothesis worth studying. Here, a geographically disaggregated method was used to explore the relationship between environmental factors and mutation of A/H1N1 viruses from 2000–2019. All of the 11,721 geo-located cases were examined and the data was analysed of six environmental elements according to the time and location (latitude and longitude) of those cases. The main mutation value was obtained by comparing the sequence of the influenza virus strain with the earliest reported sequence. It was found that environmental factors systematically affect the mutation of A/H1N1 viruses. Minimum temperature displayed a nonlinear, rising association with mutation, with a maximum ~15 °C. The effects of precipitation and social development index (nighttime light) were more complex, while population density was linearly and positively correlated with mutation of A/H1N1 viruses. Our results provide novel insight into understanding the complex relationships between mutation of A/H1N1 viruses and environmental factors.


id: cord-011537-e20zaosw
title: Perfectionism Profiles and Motivation to Exercise Based on Self-Determination Theory
author: Vicent, María
date: 2020-05-05
txt: ./txt/cord-011537-e20zaosw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011537-e20zaosw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7246553/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093206
summary:
  Latent Profile Analysis based on two higher-order perfectionism dimensions, Perfectionistic Strivings (PS) and Perfectionistic Concerns (PC), supported a four-class solution: Non-Perfectionists (low PS and PC), Adaptive Perfectionists (high PS and low PC), Maladaptive Perfectionists (high PS and PC), and Moderate Perfectionists (moderate PS and PC). In accordance with previous literature [21] , if this three-class model fits the data, we hypothesize that: (a) Adaptive Perfectionists would experience the highest levels of autonomous motivation (i.e., Intrinsic, Integrated, and Identified); (b) Maladaptive Perfectionists would show more controlled motivation (i.e. Introjected, External, and Amotivation), and (c) Non-Perfectionists would report the lowest levels of both autonomous and controlled motivation. This 23-item instrument assesses the six regulatory styles of the SDT''s motivational continuum in the context of sport and exercise: Intrinsic, Integrated, Identified, Introjected, External, and Amotivation.

abstract:
  This study complements extant variable-centered research that focus on the relationship between perfectionism and the autonomous and controlled motivation to exercise. A person-centered approach is used for identifying perfectionism profiles as well as analyzing inter-profile differences in terms of the six regulatory styles located on the autonomy-control continuum. A sample of 597 (M(age) = 22.08, SD = 3.33) Ecuadorian undergraduates enrolled in a sport science degree program was employed. Latent Profile Analysis based on two higher-order perfectionism dimensions, Perfectionistic Strivings (PS) and Perfectionistic Concerns (PC), supported a four-class solution: Non-Perfectionists (low PS and PC), Adaptive Perfectionists (high PS and low PC), Maladaptive Perfectionists (high PS and PC), and Moderate Perfectionists (moderate PS and PC). Adaptive Perfectionists obtained the highest means on Intrinsic, Integrated, and Identified regulations. However, these differences where only significant when compared with Moderate Perfectionists, and only in the case of Integrated regulation, in comparison with Non-Perfectionists. In contrast, Maladaptive Perfectionists obtained significantly higher scores on Introjected and External regulations as well as on Amotivation than the other three classes. Results are discussed in light of Self-Determination Theory.


id: cord-011540-9jvoa8vr
author: Suárez-Barraza, Manuel F.
date: 2020-05-09
txt: ./txt/cord-011540-9jvoa8vr.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011540-9jvoa8vr.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7246599/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093297
summary:
  Currently, SPSS is made up of two sectors [2] : (i) the public sector, which includes a variety of social security institutions such as the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), the Institute of Security and Social Services for State Workers (ISSSTE), Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), the Ministry of Defense (SEDENA), the Ministry of the Navy (SEMAR) and other institutions and programs that • RQ2: What is the level of application of the different steps of Kaizen-Kata methodology in its implementation when solving operational problems? Based on the results of the implementation of Kaizen-Kata methodology in these three public hospitals, it can be stated that there was a successful application in health service processes in each of the cases studied. The answer to the first research question posed about how Kaizen-Kata methodology is applied in the resolution of operational problems in public hospitals in Mexico is based on the procedure carried out and the empirical data obtained in the case study of the three hospitals.

title:
  Kaizen–Kata, a Problem-Solving Approach to Public Service Health Care in Mexico. A Multiple-Case Study

abstract:
  Purpose: Mexico’s public hospitals are experiencing major operational problems which seriously affect the care of Mexican citizens. Some hospitals have initiated efforts to apply the Kaizen philosophy to improve this situation. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to analyze the methodological impact of Kaizen–Kata implementation in Mexican public hospitals that have tried to solve operational problems using this improvement approach. Design/Methodology/Approach: The service organization implemented Kaizen–Kata methodology in order to improve one operational problem-process in health care. A case-study approach was used in this research in order to understand the effects of the Kaizen–Kata methodology in solving problems in their operational procedures. Findings: Six specific drivers were identified when applying the Kaizen–Kata methodology. Furthermore, the impact on the levels of implementation of the Kaizen–Kata methodology in each of the improvement teams studied was also identified. Research Limitations: The main limitation of the research is that only three case-studies are presented thus it is not possible to generalize its results. Practical Implications (Where Possible): Other public hospitals can use this specific example as a working guide to solve the operational problems of health systems. Originality/Value: A methodology of continuous improvement in manufacturing was imported from the industry sector for application in an operational health care process. The Kaizen–Kata methodology contributed significantly to improving issues involving delays, customer complaints, process reworks and extra-cost, among other effects of operational problems.


id: cord-011818-z89m8dur
author: Ki, Jison
date: 2020-06-24
txt: ./txt/cord-011818-z89m8dur.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011818-z89m8dur.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7345885/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124532
summary:
  Using multiple ordinal logistic regressions analysis, it was shown that sleep disturbance, depression, fatigue, a gastrointestinal disorder, and leg or foot discomfort as a single health problem significantly increased turnover intention. In this study, we used data collected from October 2018 to January 2019 (NRN T1, n = 204) and from March 2018 to May 2018 (ERN T1, n = 300) to analyze the association between health problems and turnover intention among shift work nurses. In this analysis, we defined shift work as a In this study, we used data collected from October 2018 to January 2019 (NRN T1, n = 204) and from March 2018 to May 2018 (ERN T1, n = 300) to analyze the association between health problems and turnover intention among shift work nurses. The SWNHT study questionnaire included questions regarding general and job-related characteristics, health-related variables (e.g., dietary habits, menstrual symptoms, exposure to blood and body fluid, sleep, fatigue, depression, physical activity, etc.), occupational stress, presenteeism, and turnover intention.

title:
  Association between Health Problems and Turnover Intention in Shift Work Nurses: Health Problem Clustering

abstract:
  Shift work nurses experience multiple health problems due to irregular shifts and heavy job demands. However, the comorbidity patterns of nurses’ health problems and the association between health problems and turnover intention have rarely been studied. This study aimed to identify and cluster shift work nurses’ health problems and to reveal the associations between health problems and turnover intention. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 500 nurses who worked at two tertiary hospitals in Seoul, South Korea. Data, including turnover intention and nine types of health issues, were collected between March 2018 and April 2019. Hierarchical clustering and multiple ordinal logistic regressions were used for the data analysis. Among the participants, 22.2% expressed turnover intention and the mean number of health problems was 4.5 (range 0–9). Using multiple ordinal logistic regressions analysis, it was shown that sleep disturbance, depression, fatigue, a gastrointestinal disorder, and leg or foot discomfort as a single health problem significantly increased turnover intention. After clustering the health problems, four clusters were identified and only the neuropsychological cluster—sleep disturbance, fatigue, and depression—significantly increased turnover intention. We propose that health problems within the neuropsychological cluster must receive close attention and be addressed simultaneously to decrease nurse’s turnover intentions.


id: cord-011906-ek7joi0m
author: Throuvala, Melina A.
date: 2020-07-05
txt: ./txt/cord-011906-ek7joi0m.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011906-ek7joi0m.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7369880/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134842
summary:
  Given: (i) young adults are keen users of smartphone apps, with increased vulnerability to self-regulation and technology use [74] , (ii) the high stakes for academic achievement, and (iii) the similarity in processes observed between gambling addiction and social media overuse [115] , the strategies of mindfulness, activity monitoring, and mood tracking utilized in gambling harm-reduction [86, 116, 117] are employed in the present study. The present study tested the efficacy of a ten-day online app-delivered randomized controlled trial (RCT) based on cognitive-behavioural principles to reduce distraction (primary outcome) and a number of secondary psychological outcomes: self-awareness, mindful attention, FoMO, anxiety, and depression among university students. The present study tested the efficacy of an online intervention employing an integrative set of strategies-consisting of mindfulness, self-monitoring and mood tracking-in assisting young adults to decrease levels of smartphone distraction and improve on a variety of secondary psychological outcomes, such as mindful attention, emotional awareness, stress and anxiety, and perceived self-efficacy, as well as to reduce stress, anxiety, deficient self-regulation, problematic social media use and smartphone-related psychological outcomes (i.e., online vigilance, FoMO and NoMO).

title:
  Mind over Matter: Testing the Efficacy of an Online Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Distraction from Smartphone Use

abstract:
  Evidence suggests a growing call for the prevention of excessive smartphone and social media use and the ensuing distraction that arises affecting academic achievement and productivity. A ten-day online randomized controlled trial with the use of smartphone apps, engaging participants in mindfulness exercises, self-monitoring and mood tracking, was implemented amongst UK university students (n = 143). Participants were asked to complete online pre- and post-intervention assessments. Results indicated high effect sizes in reduction of smartphone distraction and improvement scores on a number of self-reported secondary psychological outcomes. The intervention was not effective in reducing habitual behaviours, nomophobia, or time spent on social media. Mediation analyses demonstrated that: (i) emotional self-awareness but not mindful attention mediated the relationship between intervention effects and smartphone distraction, and (ii) online vigilance mediated the relationship between smartphone distraction and problematic social media use. The present study provides preliminary evidence of the efficacy of an intervention for decreased smartphone distraction and highlights psychological processes involved in this emergent phenomenon in the smartphone literature. Online interventions may serve as complementary strategies to reduce distraction levels and promote insight into online engagement. More research is required to elucidate the mechanisms of digital distraction and assess its implications in problematic use.


id: cord-012022-r3xkpwte
author: Keeble, Matthew
date: 2020-07-17
txt: ./txt/cord-012022-r3xkpwte.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-012022-r3xkpwte.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7400536/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145190
summary:
  title: Use of Online Food Delivery Services to Order Food Prepared Away-From-Home and Associated Sociodemographic Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional, Multi-Country Analysis Odds of any online food delivery service use were lower per additional year of age (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.95) and greater for respondents who were male (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.35, 1.66), that identified with an ethnic minority (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.38, 1.78), were highly educated (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.46, 1.90), or living with children (OR: 2.71; 95% CI: 2.44, 3.01). Overall, 15% of respondents across Australia, Canada, Mexico, the UK, and the USA reported online food delivery service use in the past 7 days, however, almost two thirds of respondents had purchased food prepared away-from-home directly from food outlets but had not used an online food delivery service.

title:
  Use of Online Food Delivery Services to Order Food Prepared Away-From-Home and Associated Sociodemographic Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional, Multi-Country Analysis

abstract:
  Online food delivery services like Just Eat and Grubhub facilitate online ordering and home delivery of food prepared away-from-home. It is poorly understood how these services are used and by whom. This study investigated the prevalence of online food delivery service use and sociodemographic characteristics of customers, in and across Australia, Canada, Mexico, the UK, and the USA. We analyzed online survey data (n = 19,378) from the International Food Policy Study, conducted in 2018. We identified respondents who reported any online food delivery service use in the past 7 days and calculated the frequency of use and number of meals ordered. We investigated whether odds of any online food delivery service use in the past 7 days differed by sociodemographic characteristics using adjusted logistic regression. Overall, 15% of respondents (n = 2929) reported online food delivery service use, with the greatest prevalence amongst respondents in Mexico (n = 839 (26%)). Online food delivery services had most frequently been used once and the median number of meals purchased through this mode of order was two. Odds of any online food delivery service use were lower per additional year of age (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.95) and greater for respondents who were male (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.35, 1.66), that identified with an ethnic minority (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.38, 1.78), were highly educated (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.46, 1.90), or living with children (OR: 2.71; 95% CI: 2.44, 3.01). Further research is required to explore how online food delivery services may influence diet and health.


id: cord-012462-q8u47hdp
title: Time Series Analysis and Forecasting with Automated Machine Learning on a National ICD-10 Database
author: Olsavszky, Victor
date: 2020-07-10
txt: ./txt/cord-012462-q8u47hdp.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-012462-q8u47hdp.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7400312/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17144979
summary:
  By using the nation-wide ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision) dataset of hospitalized patients of Romania, we have generated time series datasets over the period of 2008–2018 and performed highly accurate AutoTS predictions for the ten deadliest diseases. For this purpose the corresponding ICD-10 codes for ischemic heart diseases, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lower respiratory infections, Alzheimer''s disease, lung cancer, diabetes mellitus, road injuries, diarrheal diseases, and tuberculosis (Table S1) were extracted from the whole ICD-10 data set of hospitalized patients in Romania from the period 2008-2018. Another reduction in case counts is observed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, especially in the North East region, when comparing the predicted years to the previous ones ( Figure 4C ). When compared to the current literature, this is the first study on a national ICD-10 database to perform thorough time series forecasting on multiple diseases on a regional level using AutoML to select the most accurate of a multitude of models (Table S5) .

abstract:
  The application of machine learning (ML) for use in generating insights and making predictions on new records continues to expand within the medical community. Despite this progress to date, the application of time series analysis has remained underexplored due to complexity of the underlying techniques. In this study, we have deployed a novel ML, called automated time series (AutoTS) machine learning, to automate data processing and the application of a multitude of models to assess which best forecasts future values. This rapid experimentation allows for and enables the selection of the most accurate model in order to perform time series predictions. By using the nation-wide ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision) dataset of hospitalized patients of Romania, we have generated time series datasets over the period of 2008–2018 and performed highly accurate AutoTS predictions for the ten deadliest diseases. Forecast results for the years 2019 and 2020 were generated on a NUTS 2 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) regional level. This is the first study to our knowledge to perform time series forecasting of multiple diseases at a regional level using automated time series machine learning on a national ICD-10 dataset. The deployment of AutoTS technology can help decision makers in implementing targeted national health policies more efficiently.


id: cord-012515-dxu7ajse
title: Prioritizing Training Needs of School Health Staff: The Example of Vietnam
author: Kim, Sookyung
date: 2020-08-01
txt: ./txt/cord-012515-dxu7ajse.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-012515-dxu7ajse.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7432740/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155563
summary:
  Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5563 3 of 11 needs in nine domains: providing emergency care (Domain 1), providing health education (Domain 2), operating the school health room (Domain 3), implementing health screening for students (Domain 4), controlling infectious diseases (Domain 5), establishing a healthy and safe physical environment (Domain 6), providing health counseling (Domain 7), implementing health promotion programs (Domain 8), and developing professionalism (Domain 9). The initial questionnaire consisted of 59 items pertaining to SHS members'' training needs in nine domains: providing emergency care (Domain 1), providing health education (Domain 2), operating the school health room (Domain 3), implementing health screening for students (Domain 4), controlling infectious diseases (Domain 5), establishing a healthy and safe physical environment (Domain 6), providing health counseling (Domain 7), implementing health promotion programs (Domain 8), and developing professionalism (Domain 9).

abstract:
  Competencies of school health staff (SHS) members, including school nurses, are crucial to improving child and adolescent health. In Vietnam, although SHS members are dispatched to schools, they have limited training opportunities. This study identified SHS members’ training needs in a province of Vietnam. A cross-sectional, online survey was conducted with 204 SHS members. The performance and importance of SHS members’ competencies were measured using 59-items and rated by a 5-point Likert scale. SHS members’ training priorities were analyzed using the Borich Needs Assessment and the Locus for Focus model. Controlling infectious disease was the highest training priority while implementing health promotion programs was of relatively low priority. The high-priority training needs identified could be rendered mandatory in policy for continuing education of SHS members. Awareness of the importance of health promotion, which has been emphasized globally, should also be promoted via school health policy. These findings could guide development of future training programs for SHS members.


id: cord-013317-s6ss95h6
author: Gallè, Francesca
date: 2020-09-12
txt: ./txt/cord-013317-s6ss95h6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-013317-s6ss95h6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7558704/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186654
summary:
  This study aimed to assess HL among undergraduates from healthcare and non-healthcare degree courses of two Italian universities and the association between their HL, lifestyles, and BMI assumed as health outcome. This study aims to: (i) evaluate the levels of HL, in all its dimensions, among undergraduates attending healthcare and non-healthcare related degree courses in two Italian universities; (ii) identify possible group differences; (iii) investigate the relationship between undergraduates'' HL, health-related behaviors and BMI assumed as health outcome. In order to highlight different issues related to specific HL skills requiring targeted educational interventions [26] , two validated questionnaires were used to assess all the domains of participants'' HL: the eight-item Health Literacy Assessment Tool (HLAT-8) developed by Abel et al. As indicated by NVS score, 68.8% of the whole sample showed adequate literacy and numeracy, while the communication and information skills evaluated through the HLAT-8 questionnaire were above average, with significantly higher levels found in nursing students.

title:
  Are Health Literacy and Lifestyle of Undergraduates Related to the Educational Field? An Italian Survey

abstract:
  Background: Health literacy (HL) is a fundamental ability to successfully deal with health and illness issues. This study aimed to assess HL among undergraduates from healthcare and non-healthcare degree courses of two Italian universities and the association between their HL, lifestyles, and BMI assumed as health outcome. Methods: The Health Literacy Assessment Tool (HLAT-8) and the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) were used to assess health literacy dimensions. Demographic and anthropometric data, adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD), physical activity levels, and smoking habits were assessed in the enrolled sample to highlight possible associations. Results: A total sample of 806 undergraduates (46% males, mean age 21.01 ± 1.78 years) was recruited. Higher HL scores were found among healthcare rather than non-healthcare students (28.7 ± 4.5 vs. 26.7 ± 4.2 for HLAT-8 and 4.9 ± 1.5 vs. 3.9 ± 1.8 for NVS, p < 0.01). However, healthcare undergraduates were more likely to report unhealthy behaviors. Body Mass Index (BMI) was associated with literacy and numeracy skills only in non-healthcare undergraduates. Significant associations were found between HL scores and adherence to MD in both groups. In the regression analysis, educational field and MD were shown to be predictors of HL scores. Conclusions: Attending a healthcare related degree course was associated with higher HL scores but not with healthy behaviors. This issue should be addressed considering the role that healthcare professionals may have in educating patients towards a healthy lifestyle. Adherence to MD seems to be related to higher HL scores.


id: cord-013385-6nq4yzvz
title: Heterogeneous Influences of Social Support on Physical and Mental Health: Evidence from China
author: Yang, Fan
date: 2020-09-18
txt: ./txt/cord-013385-6nq4yzvz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-013385-6nq4yzvz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7558190/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186838
summary:
  A growing body of literature has demonstrated that the amount and quality of social support from relatives, friends, neighbors, and the community are pivotal factors in positively affecting a person''s physical and mental health [10] [11] [12] and acts as a form of prevention against harmful behaviors and distressing emotions [13] . Based on big data from China, this study adopts quantitative research methods to analyze the heterogenous affecting of social support on individual physical and mental health. Oprobit regression models are used to estimate the influences of social support factors on the six mental health dimensions in this study (depression, hopelessness, failure, fear, loneliness, and meaninglessness). As such, we grouped the samples into two subgroups-respondents below 60 and those 60 and over-to check the heterogeneous influence of emotional, tangible or instrumental, interaction or exchange, and community support on individual mental health at different ages.

abstract:
  Employing a national representative survey (the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey 2016, CLDS2016) data (N = 14246), this paper examines the heterogeneous influences of social support on individual physical and mental health in China. Social support is characterized by four dimensions: emotional support, tangible or instrumental support, interaction or exchange support, and community support. Physical health is measured by self-rated health and body mass index (BMI), while mental health is measured by depression, hopelessness, failure, fear, loneliness, and meaninglessness. The results indicate that different dimensions of social support have heterogeneous effects on individual physical and mental health. Specifically, the correlation between emotional support and individual physical health is not significant, but emotional support is significantly related to some mental health variables. Tangible or instrumental support is significantly related to individual self-rated physical health but not to BMI or mental health. Interaction or exchange support is significantly correlated with individual self-rated health and some mental health variables. In general, there are significant correlations between community support, and individual physical and mental health. The results also suggest that the influences of social support on physical and mental health of individuals at different ages (<60 years and ≥60 years) are heterogeneous. The results of this study provide direction for the dimension selection of social support to promote individual health.


id: cord-013390-i5h7ob3n
title: Psychosocial Aspects of Female Breast Cancer in the Middle East and North Africa
author: Salem, Haya
date: 2020-09-18
txt: ./txt/cord-013390-i5h7ob3n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-013390-i5h7ob3n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7559584/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186802
summary:
  Collaboration between mass media, health and education systems, and leading social-religious figures plays a major role in overcoming psychological and cultural barriers, including beliefs surrounding pain, fear, embarrassment, and modesty, particularly for women of lower socioeconomic status and women living in crises and conflict zones. We used the keywords "society", "culture", "breast cancer", "women", "screening", "quality of life", "attitudes", "stigma", "women", "Arab", "Muslim", "family", "coping", "mental health", and "religion". This review found that several socio-cultural and political factors affect Arab women''s quality of life when they are diagnosed with and treated for breast cancer. Our review found that being a working and educated mother does not necessarily indicate better self-care or better awareness of BSE; in fact, we found that knowing someone, such as a family member or friend, who was diagnosed with breast cancer had a stronger impact on self-health management, resulting from fear that prompted women to perform self-or clinical screening.

abstract:
  Breast cancer, the most common cancer among women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, is associated with social and psychological implications deriving from women’s socio-cultural contexts. Examining 74 articles published between 2007 and 2019, this literature/narrative review explores the psychosocial aspects of female breast cancer in the MENA region. It highlights socio-cultural barriers to seeking help and socio-political factors influencing women’s experience with the disease. In 17 of 22 Arab countries, common findings emerge which derive from shared cultural values. Findings indicate that women lack knowledge of breast cancer screening (BCS) and breast cancer self-examination (BSE) benefits/techniques due to a lack of physicians’ recommendations, fear, embarrassment, cultural beliefs, and a lack of formal and informal support systems. Women in rural areas or with low socioeconomic status further lack access to health services. Women with breast cancer, report low self-esteem due to gender dynamics and a tendency towards fatalism. Collaboration between mass media, health and education systems, and leading social-religious figures plays a major role in overcoming psychological and cultural barriers, including beliefs surrounding pain, fear, embarrassment, and modesty, particularly for women of lower socioeconomic status and women living in crises and conflict zones.


id: cord-013401-yh8cu1hx
author: Hitachi, Mami
date: 2020-10-05
txt: ./txt/cord-013401-yh8cu1hx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-013401-yh8cu1hx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7579186/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197269
summary:
  Community-based nutritional intervention to improve the practice of dietary diversity and child nutrition by community health workers (CHWs) involving Nyumba Kumi as small neighborhood units (SNUs) in communities has not yet been explored. This study aimed to prove the hypothesis that community-based nutritional educational programs cooperating with CHWs and Nyumba Kumi might effectively change the attitudes of caregivers toward feeding practices and dietary diversity for their children. To assess the variable changes per treatment group at the pre-and post-intervention periods, the mean differences of household caregiver situation (DDS and attitude score) and child nutritional status (HAZ, WAZ, and WHZ) were tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for matched pairs. The results revealed that the interventions using CHWs and Nyumba Kumi (SNUs) were useful to improve dietary diversity and caregivers'' attitudes toward recommended feeding; however, we could not identify the effect on child nutritional status in the short observation period of the study.

title:
  Improvement of Dietary Diversity and Attitude toward Recommended Feeding through Novel Community Based Nutritional Education Program in Coastal Kenya—An Intervention Study

abstract:
  Community-based nutritional intervention to improve the practice of dietary diversity and child nutrition by community health workers (CHWs) involving Nyumba Kumi as small neighborhood units (SNUs) in communities has not yet been explored. This study was conducted in two villages in rural Kenya between 2018 and 2019. In total, 662 participants (control vs. intervention: n = 339 vs. n = 323) were recruited. The intervention group received education on maternal and child nutrition and follow-up consultations. The custom-tailored educational guidelines were made based on Infant and Young Child Feeding and the mother and child health booklet. The educational effects on household caregivers’ feeding practice attitude and child nutritional status were analyzed using multiple linear regression. After the intervention, a total of 368 household caregivers (187 vs. 181) and 180 children (113 vs. 67) were analyzed separately. Between the groups, no significant difference was found in their background characteristics. This study successfully improved the dietary diversity score (β = 0.54; p < 0.01) and attitude score (β = 0.29; p < 0.01). The results revealed that the interventions using CHWs and SNUs were useful to improve dietary diversity and caregivers’ attitudes toward recommended feeding. This research has the potential to be successfully applied in other regions where child undernutrition remains.


id: cord-013405-68777jts
author: Lu, Wenze
date: 2020-09-27
txt: ./txt/cord-013405-68777jts.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-013405-68777jts.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7579357/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197078
summary:
  This study developed a four-dimension framework including self-disclosure, genuine response, functional interactivity, and genuineness in Chinese culture to investigate the effect of genuineness in the communication of Chinese social media influencers in pediatrics on public engagement. This study is the first to develop an integrated framework to measure genuineness in online health communication and contributes to the understanding of the effect of genuineness on Chinese public engagement in social media. Table 5 summarizes the negative binomial regression results on the sub-dimensions of "self-disclosure", "genuine response", "functional interactivity", "genuineness in Chinese culture" and the number of shares, likes, comments and positive comments. Negative Binomial Regression Results on the Sub-dimensions of "Self-disclosure", "Genuine response", "Functional interactivity", "Genuineness in Chinese Culture" and the Number of Shares, Likes, Comments and Positive Comments.

title:
  The Importance of Genuineness in Public Engagement—An Exploratory Study of Pediatric Communication on Social Media in China

abstract:
  There is a growing need for the public to interact with pediatricians through social media in China, and genuineness is a crucial factor contributing to effective communication, but few studies have examined the relationship between genuineness and its effect on public engagement. This study developed a four-dimension framework including self-disclosure, genuine response, functional interactivity, and genuineness in Chinese culture to investigate the effect of genuineness in the communication of Chinese social media influencers in pediatrics on public engagement. Content analysis was employed to examine these dimensions and the related public engagement in 300 social media posts on the largest microblogging site in China. The findings indicate that genuine response was positively associated with the number of comments and positive comments, while negatively related to the number of shares. Functional interactivity made the site more appealing, resulting in likes and shares. Genuineness in Chinese culture was reflected in engagement through sharing posts by the public. This study is the first to develop an integrated framework to measure genuineness in online health communication and contributes to the understanding of the effect of genuineness on Chinese public engagement in social media.


id: cord-013420-0nmil3yt
title: Roma Health: An Overview of Communicable Diseases in Eastern and Central Europe
author: Tombat, Kabir
date: 2020-10-20
txt: ./txt/cord-013420-0nmil3yt.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-013420-0nmil3yt.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7588998/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207632
summary:
  A PubMed search was carried out for communicable diseases among Roma in these parts of Europe, specifically in Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and North Macedonia. Roma continue to have a higher prevalence of communicable diseases and are at higher risk of infection than the majority populations of the countries they live in. In 2005, nine Central and Southern EU countries-Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro and Slovakia-along with several international organisations, launched the Decade of Roma Inclusion 2005-2015, committing to allocate resources with the aim of integration and ending discrimination and poverty of Roma communities. The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in the HepaMeta population in eastern Slovakia was 7.2 per cent among the Roma (n = 208) compared to 5.3 per cent among non-Roma (n = 132). Roma in Eastern and Central Europe continue to have a higher prevalence of communicable diseases than the majority populations of the countries they live in.

abstract:
  The Roma are Europe’s largest minority. They are also one of its most disadvantaged, with low levels of education and health and high levels of poverty. Research on Roma health often reveals higher burdens of disease in the communities studied. This paper aims to review the literature on communicable diseases among Roma across Eastern and Central Europe. A PubMed search was carried out for communicable diseases among Roma in these parts of Europe, specifically in Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and North Macedonia. The papers were then screened for relevance and utility. Nineteen papers were selected for review; most of them from Slovakia. Roma continue to have a higher prevalence of communicable diseases and are at higher risk of infection than the majority populations of the countries they live in. Roma children in particular have a particularly high prevalence of parasitic disease. However, these differences in disease prevalence are not present across all diseases and all populations. For example, when Roma are compared to non-Roma living in close proximity to them, these differences are often no longer significant.


id: cord-032625-u8qces3r
author: Park, Se-Won
date: 2020-09-01
txt: ./txt/cord-032625-u8qces3r.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-032625-u8qces3r.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7503962/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176375
summary:
  This study aimed to assess the accuracy of image registration of optical scans to 3D CBCT reconstructions created by different thresholds of grey values of segmentation in partial edentulous jaw conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of image registration of the optical scan to 3D CBCT reconstructions with different thresholds of grey values of segmentation in partial edentulous jaw conditions. The null hypothesis was that the threshold of the gray value of segmentation in CBCT and the number of residual teeth would not result in a different image registration accuracy between the optical scan and the CBCT 3D reconstruction model. Thus, based on the findings of this study, the proposed null hypothesis, the thresholds of gray value of segmentation in CBCT, and the number of residual teeth would not influence the accuracy of image registration of the optical scan to the CBCT data, was rejected.

title:
  Impacts of Thresholds of Gray Value for Cone-Beam Computed Tomography 3D Reconstruction on the Accuracy of Image Matching with Optical Scan

abstract:
  In cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), the minimum threshold of the gray value of segmentation is set to convert the CBCT images to the 3D mesh reconstruction model. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of image registration of optical scans to 3D CBCT reconstructions created by different thresholds of grey values of segmentation in partial edentulous jaw conditions. CBCT of a dentate jaw was reconstructed to 3D mesh models using three different thresholds of gray value (−500, 500, and 1500), and three partially edentulous models with different numbers of remaining teeth (4, 8, and 12) were made from each 3D reconstruction model. To merge CBCT and optical scan data, optical scan images were registered to respective 3D reconstruction CBCT images using a point-based best-fit algorithm. The accuracy of image registration was assessed by measuring the positional deviation between the matched 3D images. The Kruskal–Wallis test and a post hoc Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction were used to compare the results between groups (α = 0.05). The correlations between the experimental factors were calculated using the two-way analysis of variance test. The positional deviations were lowest with the threshold of 500, followed by the threshold of 1500, and then −500. A significant interaction was found between the threshold of gray values and the number of remaining teeth on the registration accuracy. The most significant deviation was observed in the arch model with four teeth reconstructed with a gray-value threshold of −500. The threshold for the gray value of CBCT segmentation affects the accuracy of image registration of optical scans to the 3D reconstruction model of CBCT. The appropriate gray value that can visualize the anatomical structure should be set, especially when few teeth remain in the dental arch.


id: cord-034351-5br4faov
author: Xu, Shuang-Fei
date: 2020-10-02
txt: ./txt/cord-034351-5br4faov.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-034351-5br4faov.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7579139/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197223
summary:
  (1) Background: Along with an increasing risk caused by migrant workers returning to the urban areas for the resumption of work and production and growing epidemiological evidence of possible transmission during the incubation period, a study of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is warranted among key populations to determine the serum antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 and the carrying status of SARS-CoV-2 to identify potential asymptomatic infection and to explore the risk factors. Three categories of targeted populations (close contacts, migrant workers who return to urban areas for work, and school children) will be included in this study as they are important for case identification in communities. Since the first known case of pneumonia infected with the novel coronavirus was reported in the city of Wuhan in late December of 2019, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 and announced by the World Health Organization on 11 February 2020, unexpectedly and quickly spread in China and many other countries with rapid geographical expansion and a sudden increase in the number of cases [1, 2] .

title:
  Cross-Sectional Seroepidemiologic Study of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Close Contacts, Children, and Migrant Workers in Shanghai

abstract:
  (1) Background: Along with an increasing risk caused by migrant workers returning to the urban areas for the resumption of work and production and growing epidemiological evidence of possible transmission during the incubation period, a study of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is warranted among key populations to determine the serum antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 and the carrying status of SARS-CoV-2 to identify potential asymptomatic infection and to explore the risk factors. (2) Method: This is a cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study. Three categories of targeted populations (close contacts, migrant workers who return to urban areas for work, and school children) will be included in this study as they are important for case identification in communities. A multi-stage sampling method will be employed to acquire an adequate sample size. Assessments that include questionnaires and blood, nasopharyngeal specimens, and feces collection will be performed via home-visit survey. (3) Ethics and Dissemination: The study was approved by the Institute Review Board of School of Public Health, Fudan University (IRB#2020-04-0818). Before data collection, written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The manuscripts from this work will be submitted for publication in quality peer-reviewed journals and presented at national or international conferences.


id: cord-252870-52fjx7s4
title: The Impact of Risk Perception on Social Distancing during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China
author: Xie, Kefan
date: 2020-08-27
txt: ./txt/cord-252870-52fjx7s4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-252870-52fjx7s4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32867381/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176256
summary:
  Hence, these findings suggest effective management guidelines for successful implementation of the social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic by emphasizing the critical role of risk perception, perceived understanding, and safety climate. Individual''s perceived understanding and safety climate are also examined to identify their effectiveness in the relationship between risk perception and social distancing. Perceived Understanding about the COVID-19 pandemic plays a mediating role between Risk Perception and Social Distancing behavior. The initial questionnaire contained 22 questions to measure these 4 latent variables, including Risk Perception-RP (7 items), Perceived Understanding-PU (4 items), Social Distancing-SD (5 items), and Safety Climate-SC (6 items). This study provided evidence that risk perception and perceived understanding can significantly affect people''s social distancing behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the data collected from an online survey among 317 participants in China throughout May 2020, our analyses indicate that positive changes in social distancing behaviors are associated with increased risk perception, perceived understanding, and safety climate.

abstract:
  Social distancing is one of the most recommended policies worldwide to reduce diffusion risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a risk management perspective, this study explores the mechanism of the risk perception effect on social distancing in order to improve individual physical distancing behavior. The data for this study were collected from 317 Chinese residents in May 2020 using an internet-based survey. A structural equation model (SEM) and hierarchical linear regression (HLR) analyses were conducted to examine all the considered research hypotheses. The results show that risk perception significantly affects perceived understanding and social distancing behaviors in a positive way. Perceived understanding has a significant positive correlation with social distancing behaviors and plays a mediating role in the relationship between risk perception and social distancing behaviors. Furthermore, safety climate positively predicts social distancing behaviors but lessens the positive correlation between risk perception and social distancing. Hence, these findings suggest effective management guidelines for successful implementation of the social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic by emphasizing the critical role of risk perception, perceived understanding, and safety climate.


id: cord-252894-c02v47jz
title: Predicting Infectious Disease Using Deep Learning and Big Data
author: Chae, Sangwon
date: 2018-07-27
txt: ./txt/cord-252894-c02v47jz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-252894-c02v47jz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081596
doi: 10.3390/ijerph15081596
summary:
  This study predicts infectious diseases by optimizing the parameters of deep learning algorithms while considering big data including social media data. The performance of the deep neural network (DNN) and long-short term memory (LSTM) learning models were compared with the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) when predicting three infectious diseases one week into the future. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design a model that uses the infectious disease occurrence data provided by the KCDC, search query data from search engines that are specialized for South Korea, Twitter social media big data, and weather data such as temperature and humidity. Figure 1 shows the overall framework of the model used in this study including the data collection process and the comparison of models designed using the deep neural network (DNN) method, the long-short term memory (LSTM) method, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) method, and the ordinary least squares (OLS) method.

abstract:
  Infectious disease occurs when a person is infected by a pathogen from another person or an animal. It is a problem that causes harm at both individual and macro scales. The Korea Center for Disease Control (KCDC) operates a surveillance system to minimize infectious disease contagions. However, in this system, it is difficult to immediately act against infectious disease because of missing and delayed reports. Moreover, infectious disease trends are not known, which means prediction is not easy. This study predicts infectious diseases by optimizing the parameters of deep learning algorithms while considering big data including social media data. The performance of the deep neural network (DNN) and long-short term memory (LSTM) learning models were compared with the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) when predicting three infectious diseases one week into the future. The results show that the DNN and LSTM models perform better than ARIMA. When predicting chickenpox, the top-10 DNN and LSTM models improved average performance by 24% and 19%, respectively. The DNN model performed stably and the LSTM model was more accurate when infectious disease was spreading. We believe that this study’s models can help eliminate reporting delays in existing surveillance systems and, therefore, minimize costs to society.


id: cord-253000-nwbmxepi
title: Chronic Inflammation in the Context of Everyday Life: Dietary Changes as Mitigating Factors
author: Margină, Denisa
date: 2020-06-10
txt: ./txt/cord-253000-nwbmxepi.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-253000-nwbmxepi.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32531935/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114135
summary:
  Fasting in combination with calorie restriction modulates molecular mechanisms such as m-TOR, FOXO, NRF2, AMPK, and sirtuins, ultimately leads to significantly reduced inflammatory marker levels, as well as improved metabolic markers. It has been found that intermittent fasting can prevent and reverse all aspects of metabolic syndrome in rodents: body fat, inflammation, and blood pressure are reduced; insulin sensitivity is increased; and the functional capacity of the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems are improved [151] [152] [153] . In another study, which used the same fasting guidelines, improved metabolic markers were observed after periodic fasting, including a decrease in blood glucose levels associated with changes in gut microbiome composition [73] . These changes include increased fiber and polyphenol intake compared to the current western diets, but also well-structured, personalized fasting protocols, which can reduce the risk of metabolic disorders (Figure 3) .

abstract:
  The lifestyle adopted by most people in Western societies has an important impact on the propensity to metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases). This is often accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation, driven by the activation of various molecular pathways such as STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), IKK (IκB kinase), MMP9 (matrix metallopeptidase 9), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases), COX2 (cyclooxigenase 2), and NF-Kβ (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells). Multiple intervention studies have demonstrated that lifestyle changes can lead to reduced inflammation and improved health. This can be linked to the concept of real-life risk simulation, since humans are continuously exposed to dietary factors in small doses and complex combinations (e.g., polyphenols, fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc.). Inflammation biomarkers improve in patients who consume a certain amount of fiber per day; some even losing weight. Fasting in combination with calorie restriction modulates molecular mechanisms such as m-TOR, FOXO, NRF2, AMPK, and sirtuins, ultimately leads to significantly reduced inflammatory marker levels, as well as improved metabolic markers. Moving toward healthier dietary habits at the individual level and in publicly-funded institutions, such as schools or hospitals, could help improving public health, reducing healthcare costs and improving community resilience to epidemics (such as COVID-19), which predominantly affects individuals with metabolic diseases.


id: cord-254234-8w1z3un6
title: Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis: The Perspective from the Gulf Countries
author: Ahmed, Shahira A.
date: 2020-09-18
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32962045/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186824
abstract:
  The present review discusses the burden of cryptosporidiosis in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which is underreported and underestimated. It emphasizes that the Cryptosporidium parasite is infecting inhabitants and expatriates in the Gulf countries. Children under 5 years are a vulnerable group that is particularly affected by this parasitic disease and can act as carriers, who contribute to the epidemiology of the disease most probably via recreational swimming pools. Various risk factors for cryptosporidiosis in the GCC countries are present, including expatriates, predisposing populations to the infection. Water contamination, imported food, animal contact, and air transmission are also discussed in detail, to address their significant role as a source of infection and, thus, their impact on disease epidemiology in the Gulf countries’ populations.


id: cord-254471-4lomiv5d
author: Kupcewicz, Ewa
date: 2020-07-27
txt: ./txt/cord-254471-4lomiv5d.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-254471-4lomiv5d.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155392
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155392
summary:
  Background: This study analyzed the role of global self-esteem and selected sociodemographic variables in predicting life satisfaction of nursing students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia. The results of research on global self-esteem and life satisfaction conducted in Poland, Spain and Slovakia indicate that global self-assessment is related to the subjective well-being of nursing students. Within a given country, no significant differences in the average results for global self-esteem or sense of satisfaction with life were noted in relation to selected sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender and year of study. In the group of Slovak students, a statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.37; p < 0.0001) between global self-esteem and satisfaction with life was observed on an average level ( Figure 5 ). In the group of Slovak students, a statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.37; p < 0.0001) between global self-esteem and satisfaction with life was observed on an average level ( Figure 5 ).

title:
  Role of Global Self-Esteem in Predicting Life Satisfaction of Nursing Students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia

abstract:
  Background: This study analyzed the role of global self-esteem and selected sociodemographic variables in predicting life satisfaction of nursing students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia. Methods: The study subjects were full-time nursing students from three European countries. A diagnostic survey was used as a research method, while the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (SES) and the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) were used to collect data. Results: The research was performed on a group of 1002 students. The mean age of those surveyed was 21.6 (±3.4). The results showed significant differences both in the level of the global self-esteem index (F = 40.74; p < 0.0001) and in the level of general satisfaction with life (F = 12.71; p < 0.0001). A comparison of the structure of results demonstrated that there were significantly fewer students with high self-esteem in Spain (11.06%) than in Poland (48.27%) and in Slovakia (42.05%), while more students with a high sense of life satisfaction were recorded in Spain (64.90%) than in Poland (37.87%) or in Slovakia (47.44%). A positive, statistically significant correlation was found between global self-esteem and satisfaction with life in the group of Slovak students (r = 0.37; p < 0.0001), Polish students (r = 0.31; p < 0.0001) and Spanish students (r = 0.26; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, a regression analysis proved that three variables explaining a total of 12% output variation were the predictors of life satisfaction in Polish students. The regression factor was positive (ßeta = 0.31; R(2) = 0.12), which indicates a positive correlation and the largest share was attributed to global self-esteem (9%). In the group of Spanish students, global self-esteem explained 7% (ßeta = 0.27; R(2) = 0.07) of the output variation and 14% in the group of Slovak students (ßeta = 0.38; R(2) = 0.14). Conclusions: The global self-esteem demonstrates the predictive power of life satisfaction of nursing students, most clearly marked in the group of Slovak students. The measurement of the variables under consideration may facilitate the planning and implementation of programs aimed at increasing self-esteem among young people and promoting the well-being of nursing students.


id: cord-254633-7re0k0d1
author: Azarkamand, Sahar
date: 2020-05-29
txt: ./txt/cord-254633-7re0k0d1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-254633-7re0k0d1.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32485868/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113858
summary:
  Given the importance of this topic, this paper gathers initiatives and methodologies that have been undertaken to calculate and reduce CO(2) emissions and climate change effects in ports. Most of the respondents of the Greenport survey (86%) considered that GHG emissions from shipping generated in the port area should be included as third-party emission in the carbon footprint calculation of the port. After that, the results of a research conducted on different existing methodologies to calculate CO 2 emissions in ports are presented, followed by an analysis of their strengths and opportunities for further development. Besides the studies in ports, research on the methods used to calculate CO 2 emissions and carbon footprint in port terminals has also been conducted. In this paper, initiatives to reduce the effects of climate change, carbon footprint and CO 2 emissions in ports have been studied to identify function and applicability.

title:
  Review of Initiatives and Methodologies to Reduce CO(2) Emissions and Climate Change Effects in Ports

abstract:
  Ports are important infrastructures for economic growth and development. Among the most significant environmental aspects of ports that contribute to the issue of climate change are those due to carbon dioxide emissions generated by port activities. Given the importance of this topic, this paper gathers initiatives and methodologies that have been undertaken to calculate and reduce CO(2) emissions and climate change effects in ports. After studying these methodologies, their strengths and opportunities for further enhancement have been analyzed. The results show that, in recent years, several ports have started to calculate their carbon footprint and report it. However, in some of the cases, not all the sources of GHG gases that are occurring actually in ports are taken into account, such as emissions from waste treatment operations and employees’ commuting. On other occasions, scopes are not defined following standard guidelines. Furthermore, each authority or operator uses its own method to calculate CO(2) emissions, which makes the comparison of results difficult. For these reasons, this paper suggests the need for creating a standardized tool to calculate carbon footprint in ports, which will make it possible to establish a benchmark and a potential comparison of results among ports.


id: cord-255119-l82o5fif
author: Passerini, Giorgio
date: 2020-06-05
txt: ./txt/cord-255119-l82o5fif.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-255119-l82o5fif.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114051
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114051
summary:
  The statistical correlation between meteorological parameters and the spread of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) was investigated in five provinces of Italy selected according to the number of infected individuals and the different trends of infection in the early stages of the epidemic: Bergamo and Brescia showed some of the highest trends of infections while nearby Cremona and Mantova, showed lower trends. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was calculated to evaluate possible relations between the moving means of the meteorological parameters (i.e., temperature, and relative humidity) and the moving mean of adjusted/unadjusted new daily cases. The most inclusive and impressive results are the values of PCC found for the time series related to the number of new daily infected individuals within the five selected Italian provinces, the daily mean temperatures as monitored at the related capitals, and the daily mean relative humidity values observed at the same stations.

title:
  A Preliminary Investigation on the Statistical Correlations between SARS-CoV-2 Spread and Local Meteorology

abstract:
  The statistical correlation between meteorological parameters and the spread of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) was investigated in five provinces of Italy selected according to the number of infected individuals and the different trends of infection in the early stages of the epidemic: Bergamo and Brescia showed some of the highest trends of infections while nearby Cremona and Mantova, showed lower trends. Pesaro–Urbino province was included for further investigation as it was comparably affected by the epidemic despite being the area far from the Po valley. Moving means of the variables were considered to take into account the variability of incubation periods and uncertainties in the epidemiological data. The same analyzes were performed normalizing the number of new daily cases based on the number of checks performed. For each province, the moving mean of adjusted and unadjusted new daily cases were independently plotted versus each meteorological parameter, and linear regressions were determined in the period from 29th of February 2020 to 29th of March 2020. Strong positive correlations were observed between new cases and temperatures within three provinces representing 86.5% of the contagions. Strong negative correlations were observed between the moving means of new cases and relative humidity values for four provinces and more than 90% of the contagions.


id: cord-255228-nopt5ql5
title: Sleep Pattern Changes in Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Lockdown
author: Romero-Blanco, Cristina
date: 2020-07-20
txt: ./txt/cord-255228-nopt5ql5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-255228-nopt5ql5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32698343/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145222
summary:
  For this reason, the objective of this study is to determine the difference in nursing students'' sleep quality before and during the lockdown, put in place in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In relation to the data obtained in this study, recent research suggests that lockdown has worsened sleep quality despite increasing its quantity, observing that there has been an increase in mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and even suicidal thoughts [18, 25] . Looking at the results obtained at each of the time points analyzed, we observed that at the first data collection point, the PSQI score was around 5 (the borderline sleep quality score) in all students except smokers and those with anxiety or depression, who had higher scores. In this study, the PSQI score obtained at each of the two time points analyzed was higher at higher BMIs. However, we only observed changes in sleep quality among students with a normal weight, perhaps because of the low sample sizes in the other categories.

abstract:
  The prevalence of poor sleep quality among students is very high and, in nursing students, has been associated with reduced performance, behavioral changes, dietary changes, and even aggressive behavior due to changes in sleep patterns. The lockdown in response to COVID-19 may have resulted in lifestyle changes that affected sleep quality. For this reason, the objective of this study is to determine the difference in nursing students’ sleep quality before and during the lockdown, put in place in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. To meet this objective, we conducted a longitudinal observational study on 207 nursing students, with two cut-off points (February and April). The main dependent variable was sleep quality, measured using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and its seven components. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used for paired and unpaired data, as well as group-stratified analysis. The mean time students spent in bed was 7.6 h (standard deviation (SD) = 1.1 h) before lockdown and 8.5 h (SD = 1.2 h) during lockdown. The PSQI score got 0.91 points worse during lockdown (95% CI, −0.51, −1.31). Of the five components, five were statistically significantly affected (p ≤ 0.05), and of these, the most changed were sleep latency, sleep duration, and sleep efficiency. When stratified by group, we observed differences in women, first-year students, second-year students, alcohol consumers, those of normal weight, and those that live with family. The main conclusion is that although students spent more time in bed, overall sleep quality was worse during lockdown, as well as being worse in five of the seven components.


id: cord-255602-3pzh5ur9
title: Fake News and Covid-19 in Italy: Results of a Quantitative Observational Study
author: Moscadelli, Andrea
date: 2020-08-12
txt: ./txt/cord-255602-3pzh5ur9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-255602-3pzh5ur9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32806772/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165850
summary:
  We used the BuzzSumo application to gather the most shared links on the Internet related to the pandemic in Italy, using keywords chosen according to the most frequent "fake news" during that period. We used the BuzzSumo pplication [38] in order to gather the most shared links or posts on the Internet and social media related to SARS-CoV-2 and the Covid-19 pandemic. The 9 keywords were chosen in a consensus meeting of the research group, since they were the most likely to uncover health-related false information using the BuzzSumo search engine, and specifically fake news that would not meet our exclusion criteria. An article was immediately excluded when the content did not deal specifically with health or science, i.e., the focus may have been on the socioeconomic consequences of the pandemic, which was a topic we excluded from our fake news review.

abstract:
  During the Covid-19 pandemic, risk communication has often been ineffective, and from this perspective “fake news” has found fertile ground, both as a cause and a consequence of it. The aim of this study is to measure how much “fake news” and corresponding verified news have circulated in Italy in the period between 31 December 2019 and 30 April 2020, and to estimate the quality of informal and formal communication. We used the BuzzSumo application to gather the most shared links on the Internet related to the pandemic in Italy, using keywords chosen according to the most frequent “fake news” during that period. For each research we noted the numbers of “fake news” articles and science-based news articles, as well as the number of engagements. We reviewed 2102 articles. Links that contained fake news were shared 2,352,585 times, accounting for 23.1% of the total shares of all the articles reviewed. Our study throws light on the “fake news” phenomenon in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A quantitative assessment is fundamental in order to understand the impact of false information and to define political and technical interventions in health communication. Starting from this evaluation, health literacy should be improved by means of specific interventions in order to improve informal and formal communication.


id: cord-256004-rqdeac7h
author: Wilcox, Elizabeth S.
date: 2020-06-23
txt: ./txt/cord-256004-rqdeac7h.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-256004-rqdeac7h.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124519
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124519
summary:
  Through a multiple-case study and thematic analysis of data collected primarily from focus group discussions and questionnaires, we examined the enabling factors and barriers to the implementation of HealthWISE by applying the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARiHS) framework. Overall, successful implementation of HealthWISE required dedicated local team members who helped facilitate the process by adapting HealthWISE to the workers'' occupational health and safety (OHS) knowledge and skill levels and the cultures and needs of their hospitals, cutting across all constructs of the i-PARiHS framework. Results for the four constructs-innovation, recipients, context, and facilitation-are presented below, with quotes that help to reflect what was an enabling factor or barrier in the implementation of HealthWISE in each of the participating hospitals in Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.

title:
  Empowering Health Workers to Protect their Own Health: A Study of Enabling Factors and Barriers to Implementing HealthWISE in Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

abstract:
  Ways to address the increasing global health workforce shortage include improving the occupational health and safety of health workers, particularly those in high-risk, low-resource settings. The World Health Organization and International Labour Organization designed HealthWISE, a quality improvement tool to help health workers identify workplace hazards to find and apply low-cost solutions. However, its implementation had never been systematically evaluated. We, therefore, studied the implementation of HealthWISE in seven hospitals in three countries: Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Through a multiple-case study and thematic analysis of data collected primarily from focus group discussions and questionnaires, we examined the enabling factors and barriers to the implementation of HealthWISE by applying the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARiHS) framework. Enabling factors included the willingness of workers to engage in the implementation, diverse teams that championed the process, and supportive senior leadership. Barriers included lack of clarity about how to use HealthWISE, insufficient funds, stretched human resources, older buildings, and lack of incident reporting infrastructure. Overall, successful implementation of HealthWISE required dedicated local team members who helped facilitate the process by adapting HealthWISE to the workers’ occupational health and safety (OHS) knowledge and skill levels and the cultures and needs of their hospitals, cutting across all constructs of the i-PARiHS framework.


id: cord-256041-k4y6t0i5
title: Related Health Factors of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain
author: Gómez-Salgado, Juan
date: 2020-06-02
txt: ./txt/cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113947
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113947
summary:
  The objective of the study is to analyse the psychological distress in a Spanish population sample during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying the predictive character and role that sociodemographic variables, the presence of physical symptoms, and other health-related variables may have. Our results are in line with those found in most studies, showing that women present significantly higher levels of distress (with low size effect), and this can therefore be understood as an individual risk factor in the face of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. However, a study similar to the present one conducted at the beginning of the COVID-19 quarantine identified an increased risk of psychological distress among people over 60 years of age [33] . Among the variables that predict psychological distress are, therefore: being female, age, employment situation, number of symptoms, perception of poor health, having been in close contact with an infected person, as well as having been in contact with people or material suspected of being infected.

abstract:
  Measures to prevent and contain the COVID-19 health crisis include population confinement, with the consequent isolation and interruption of their usual activities. The aim of the study is to analyse psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this, a cross-sectional observational study with a sample of 4180 people over the age of 18 during quarantine was developed. Variables considered were sociodemographic variables, physical symptoms, health conditions, COVID-19 contact history and psychological adjustment. The data were collected through a self-developed questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Bivariate analyses were performed, including Chi-Squared test and Student’s T-test. Predictive ability was calculated through logistic regression. Results obtained showed a high level of psychological distress (72.0%), with a higher percentage in women and people of lower middle age. Statistically significant differences were found in the variable working situation (χ² = 63.139, p ≤ 0.001, V = 0.123) and living with children under the age of 16 (χ² = 7.393, p = 0.007, V = 0.042). The predictive variables with the highest weight were sex (OR = 1.952, 95% IC = (1.667, 2.286)), presence of symptoms (OR = 1.130, 95% CI = (1.074, 1.190)), and having had close contact with an individual with confirmed COVID-19 (OR = 1.241, 95% CI = (1.026, 1.500)). These results could enrich prevention interventions in public health and, in particular, in mental health in similar pandemic situations.


id: cord-256636-z14anp3h
title: Determining the Optimal Outcome Measures for Studying the Social Determinants of Health
author: Muennig, Peter
date: 2020-04-27
txt: ./txt/cord-256636-z14anp3h.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-256636-z14anp3h.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32349268/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093028
summary:
  In this paper, we describe a case study in which leading global experts systematically: (1) developed a conceptual model that outlines the potential pathways through which a social policy influences health, (2) fits outcome measures to this conceptual model, and (3) estimates an optimal time frame for collection of the selected outcome measures. The treatment group is offered three years of employment coaching that uses an explicit methodology for helping participants set and achieve goals across four domains (employment, education/training, financial management, and personal and family wellbeing) with an explicit focus on identifying and addressing "executive function" challenges that get in the way of goal-achievement in these domains [30] . The initial conceptual model for MyGoals for Healthy Aging (Figure 2 ) was simply drawn out by a handful of experts in the social determinants of health. The initial conceptual model for MyGoals for Healthy Aging (Figure 2 ) was simply drawn out by a handful of experts in the social determinants of health.

abstract:
  Americans have significantly poorer health outcomes and shorter longevity than citizens of other industrialized nations. Poverty is a major driver of these poor health outcomes in the United States. Innovative anti-poverty policies may help reduce economic malaise thereby increasing the health and longevity of the most vulnerable Americans. However, there is no consensus framework for studying the health impacts of anti-poverty social policies. In this paper, we describe a case study in which leading global experts systematically: (1) developed a conceptual model that outlines the potential pathways through which a social policy influences health, (2) fits outcome measures to this conceptual model, and (3) estimates an optimal time frame for collection of the selected outcome measures. This systematic process, called the Delphi method, has the potential to produce estimates more quickly and with less bias than might be achieved through expert panel discussions alone. Our case study is a multi-component randomized-controlled trial (RCT) of a workforce policy called MyGoals for Healthy Aging.


id: cord-257575-qumwrgng
author: Gómez, Laura E.
date: 2020-07-15
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145123
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145123
title:
  Measurable Indicators of CRPD for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities within the Quality of Life Framework

abstract:
  This article proposes the quality of life (QOL) construct as a framework from which to develop useful indicators to operationalize, measure, and implement the Articles of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). A systematic review of the scientific literature on people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) was carried out, with the aim of identifying personal outcomes that can be translated into specific and measurable items for each of the CRPD Articles aligned to the eight QOL domains. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the systematic review was conducted across the Web of Science Core Collection, Current Contents Connect (CCC), MEDLINE, KCI-Korean Journal Database, Russian Science Citation Index and SciELO Citation Index, for articles published between 2008 and 2020. A total of 65 articles focusing on people with IDD were selected. The results were grouped into four broad categories: conceptual frameworks used to monitor the CRPD; instruments used to assess the rights set out in the CRPD; recommendations on the use of inclusive research; and indicators or personal outcomes associated with specific rights contained in the CRPD.


id: cord-258762-vabyyx01
author: Garbey, Marc
date: 2020-07-27
txt: ./txt/cord-258762-vabyyx01.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-258762-vabyyx01.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155404
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155404
summary:
  To address the clinical implication over a long period of time, the systems approach is built upon previous work on multi-scale modeling of surgical flow in a large operating room suite and takes into account human behavior factors. Clinical environments are too complex to model with the traditional modeling method of airflow and particle transportation because both the source intensity of surgical smoke [19] as well as the mechanism of propagation via door openings [20] are largely dominated by human factors. The indoor air quality is a linear set of differential equations that will be slightly more complex than a standard compartment model since the coefficient will be stochastic, the sources and output/leaks of the particles term will have a time delay built in, and the hallway will require a transport equation.

title:
  A Systems Approach to Assess Transport and Diffusion of Hazardous Airborne Particles in a Large Surgical Suite: Potential Impacts on Viral Airborne Transmission

abstract:
  Airborne transmission of viruses, such as the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in hospital systems are under debate: it has been shown that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus goes beyond droplet dynamics that is limited to 1 to 2 m, but it is unclear if the airborne viral load is significant enough to ensure transmission of the disease. Surgical smoke can act as a carrier for tissue particles, viruses, and bacteria. To quantify airborne transmission from a physical point of view, we consider surgical smoke produced by thermal destruction of tissue during the use of electrosurgical instruments as a marker of airborne particle diffusion-transportation. Surgical smoke plumes are also known to be dangerous for human health, especially to surgical staff who receive long-term exposure over the years. There are limited quantified metrics reported on long-term effects of surgical smoke on staff’s health. The purpose of this paper is to provide a mathematical framework and experimental protocol to assess the transport and diffusion of hazardous airborne particles in every large operating room suite. Measurements from a network of air quality sensors gathered during a clinical study provide validation for the main part of the model. Overall, the model estimates staff exposure to airborne contamination from surgical smoke and biological material. To address the clinical implication over a long period of time, the systems approach is built upon previous work on multi-scale modeling of surgical flow in a large operating room suite and takes into account human behavior factors.


id: cord-258915-lgee3ers
author: Liddle, Jennifer
date: 2020-07-31
txt: ./txt/cord-258915-lgee3ers.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-258915-lgee3ers.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751898/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155544
summary:
  In drawing together participants'' ideas about spaces, processes and mechanisms that might address these local challenges, we conclude the paper with implications that offer scope for further exploration and consideration in terms of how technology might support the operationalisation of local people''s ideas for improving face-to-face connections in age-friendly community settings. As described earlier, the interview data were coded to explore (a) opportunities to improve connections at a local level, i.e., factors that had the potential to impact negatively on people''s geographically proximate social relationships in terms of quality, quantity or satisfaction; and (b) participants'' engagement with technology in relation to their social lives generally. As described earlier, the interview data were coded to explore (a) opportunities to improve connections at a local level, i.e., factors that had the potential to impact negatively on people''s geographically proximate social relationships in terms of quality, quantity or satisfaction; and (b) participants'' engagement with technology in relation to their social lives generally.

title:
  Connecting at Local Level: Exploring Opportunities for Future Design of Technology to Support Social Connections in Age-friendly Communities

abstract:
  Social connectedness in later life is an important dimension of an age-friendly community, with associated implications for individual health and wellbeing. In contrast with prior efforts focusing on connections at a distance or online communities where the digital technology is the interface, we explore the design opportunities and role of technology for connectedness within a geographically local community context. We present findings from interviews with 22 older adults and a linked ideation workshop. Our analysis identified shared concerns and negative perceptions around local relationships, connections and characteristics of the geographical area. However, local connectedness through technology was largely absent from day-to-day life and even perceived as contributing to disconnection. By uncovering how older adults use and perceive technology in their social lives and combining these findings with their ideas for improving local connections, we highlight the need for thoughtful consideration of the role of technology in optimising social connections within communities. Our research highlights a need for design work to understand the specifics of the local context and reduce emphasis on technology as the interface between people. We introduce an amended definition—‘underpinned by a commitment to respect and social inclusion, an age-friendly community is engaged in a strategic and ongoing process to facilitate active ageing by optimising the community’s physical, social and digital environments and its supporting infrastructure’—to conceptualise our approach. We conclude by suggesting areas for future work in developing digitally connected age-friendly communities.


id: cord-258965-g47n531n
author: Ekpenyong, Bernadine
date: 2020-07-16
txt: ./txt/cord-258965-g47n531n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-258965-g47n531n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145141
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145141
summary:
  The aim of this study was to explore knowledge, practice of risk and guidelines of the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) infection among the eye care practitioners and the potential associated factors. ECPs in Nigeria displayed good knowledge about COVID-19 and provided eye care services during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria, despite the majority not receiving any training on the use of PPEs with concerns over attending to patients. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and practice of COVID-19 exposure risk among ECPs as well as understand their confidence in current Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) guidelines for identifying possible COVID-19 cases, knowledge of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) recommendations and training in its usage when managing such cases. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on practitioners, their family members and practices, including questions on their confidence in the current FMoH guidelines for identifying possible COVID-19 cases, their knowledge of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) recommendations, and training in its usage during consultation were assessed.

title:
  Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Guidelines towards the Novel COVID-19 among Eye Care Practitioners in Nigeria–A Survey-Based Study

abstract:
  The aim of this study was to explore knowledge, practice of risk and guidelines of the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) infection among the eye care practitioners and the potential associated factors. A cross-sectional self-administered online survey was distributed via emails and social media networks between 2nd and 18th May 2020 corresponding to the week of the lockdown in Nigeria to eye care practitioners (ECPs). Data for 823 respondents were analyzed. Knowledge and risk practice were categorized as binary outcome and univariate and multivariate linear regression were used to examine the associated factors. The mean score for COVID-19-related knowledge of public health guidelines was high and varied across the ECPs. Ophthalmic Nurses, Ophthalmologists and Optometrists showed higher COVID-19-related knowledge than other ECPs (p < 0.001), particularly those working in the private sector. More than 50% of ECPs stated they provided essential services during the COVID-19 lockdown via physical consultation, particularly the Ophthalmologists. Most respondents reported that the guidelines provided by their Association were useful but expressed their lack of confidence in attending to patients during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Compared to other ECPs in Nigeria, more Ophthalmic Nurses received training in the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). This survey is the first to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. ECPs in Nigeria displayed good knowledge about COVID-19 and provided eye care services during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria, despite the majority not receiving any training on the use of PPEs with concerns over attending to patients. There is need for the government to strengthen health systems by improving and extending training on standard infection prevention and control measures to ECPs for effective control of the pandemic and in the future as essential health workers.


id: cord-259149-svryhcgy
author: Su, Yue
date: 2020-06-24
txt: ./txt/cord-259149-svryhcgy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-259149-svryhcgy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124552
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124552
summary:
  We achieved the aim by (1) sampling Weibo users (geo-location = Wuhan, China) and Twitter users (geo-location = Lombardy, Italy); (2) fetching all the users'' published posts two weeks before and after the lockdown in each region (e.g., the lockdown date of Wuhan was 23 January 2020); (3) extracting the psycholinguistic features of these posts using the Simplified Chinese and Italian version of Language Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) dictionary; and (4) conducting Wilcoxon tests to examine the changes in the psycholinguistic characteristics of the posts before and after the lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy, respectively. In this study, we used the simplified Chinese version of LIWC and Italian LIWC to measure people''s psychological status before and after the lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy, respectively. These linguistic features imply that social media users'' psychological states were impacted after the COVID-19 lockdown, in both Wuhan and Lombardy.

title:
  Examining the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy: A Psycholinguistic Analysis on Weibo and Twitter

abstract:
  Many countries are taking strict quarantine policies to prevent the rapid spread of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) around the world, such as city lockdown. Cities in China and Italy were locked down in the early stage of the pandemic. The present study aims to examine and compare the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on individuals’ psychological states in China and Italy. We achieved the aim by (1) sampling Weibo users (geo-location = Wuhan, China) and Twitter users (geo-location = Lombardy, Italy); (2) fetching all the users’ published posts two weeks before and after the lockdown in each region (e.g., the lockdown date of Wuhan was 23 January 2020); (3) extracting the psycholinguistic features of these posts using the Simplified Chinese and Italian version of Language Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) dictionary; and (4) conducting Wilcoxon tests to examine the changes in the psycholinguistic characteristics of the posts before and after the lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy, respectively. Results showed that individuals focused more on “home”, and expressed a higher level of cognitive process after a lockdown in both Wuhan and Lombardy. Meanwhile, the level of stress decreased, and the attention to leisure increased in Lombardy after the lockdown. The attention to group, religion, and emotions became more prevalent in Wuhan after the lockdown. Findings provide decision-makers timely evidence on public reactions and the impacts on psychological states in the COVID-19 context, and have implications for evidence-based mental health interventions in two countries.


id: cord-259809-7glw6pir
author: Lloyd, Helen M.
date: 2020-04-28
txt: ./txt/cord-259809-7glw6pir.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-259809-7glw6pir.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093050
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093050
summary:
  The COST CARES project aims to support healthcare cost containment and improve healthcare quality across Europe by developing the research and development necessary for person-centred care (PCC) and health promotion. COST Action 15222 ''Cost Cares'' was funded by the EU Commission to create the impetus in both the research and development required to design and test innovative exploratory health laboratories (EHLs) to implement PCC and HP across the EU. Repeated here for clarity the critical enablers are (1) information technology (IT), which describes the use of computers or other computerized devises to store, transmit, and receive data to support PCC planning and care coordination, for handling and communicating health and evaluation data, and for delivering PCC and HP interventions. (4) Incentive systems that reward PCC processes and outcomes, such as personal health goals, PCC plans, improvements in patient self-efficacy and experiences of care, and HP activities.

title:
  Supporting Innovative Person-Centred Care in Financially Constrained Environments: The WE CARE Exploratory Health Laboratory Evaluation Strategy

abstract:
  The COST CARES project aims to support healthcare cost containment and improve healthcare quality across Europe by developing the research and development necessary for person-centred care (PCC) and health promotion. This paper presents an overview evaluation strategy for testing ‘Exploratory Health Laboratories’ to deliver these aims. Our strategy is theory driven and evidence based, and developed through a multi-disciplinary and European-wide team. Specifically, we define the key approach and essential criteria necessary to evaluate initial testing, and on-going large-scale implementation with a core set of accompanying methods (metrics, models, and measurements). This paper also outlines the enabling mechanisms that support the development of the “Health Labs” towards innovative models of ethically grounded and evidenced-based PCC.


id: cord-259971-e3h8pr1v
title: COVID-19 Pandemic: Age-Related Differences in Measures of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Canada
author: Nwachukwu, Izu
date: 2020-09-01
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176366
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176366
abstract:
  Background: The spread of COVID-19 along with strict public health measures have resulted in unintended adverse effects, including greater levels of distress, anxiety, and depression. This study examined relative presentations of these psychopathologies in different age groups in a Canadian cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Participants were subscribers to the Text4Hope program, developed to support Albertans during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey link was used to gather demographic information and responses on several self-report scales, such as Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results: There were 8267 individuals who completed the survey, giving a response rate of 19.4%. Overall, 909 (11.0%) respondents identified as ≤25 years, 2939 (35.6%) identified as (26–40) years, 3431 (41.5%) identified as (41–60) years, 762 (9.2%) identified as over 60 years, and 226 (2.7%) did not identify their age. Mean scores on the PSS, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 scales were highest among those aged ≤25 and lowest amongst those aged >60 years old. Conclusions: The finding that the prevalence rates and the mean scores for stress, anxiety, and depression on standardized scales to decrease from younger to older subscribers is an interesting observation with potential implications for planning to meet mental health service needs during COVID-19.


id: cord-262567-gojbccmz
author: Lee, Seung-Man
date: 2020-09-16
txt: ./txt/cord-262567-gojbccmz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-262567-gojbccmz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32947940/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186744
summary:
  Based on the results of this study, suggestions are presented on how to enhance health perceptions in adolescents who are in a critical period for forming healthy life habits, and to prepare measures to encourage sports participation. In addition, previous studies are limited in that they sporadically report only some of the variables in the relationships among health perceptions, sports participation, and health promoting behavior. In order to overcome these limitations, it is necessary to verify the effects of health perceptions and sports participation on improving health promoting behavior in adolescents, using an appropriate study design. Sixth, bootstrapping was used to verify the mediating effect of sports participation on the relationship between health perceptions and health promoting behavior in adolescents (see Section 3.3). Analyses were performed to verify the model that explains the structural relationship between the individual variables by verifying the mediating effect of sports participation on the relationship between health perceptions and health promoting behavior in adolescents.

title:
  Mediating Effect of Sports Participation on the Relationship between Health Perceptions and Health Promoting Behavior in Adolescents

abstract:
  The aim of this study was to verify the structural relationship between health perceptions, sports participation, and health promoting behavior in adolescents. A total of 507 adolescents living in Seoul, Republic of Korea, in 2020, participated in this study. This study was conducted using a preliminary survey and a main survey. In the preliminary survey, the reliability and validity of the scales used in this study were analyzed, and in the main survey, the relationships between individual variables were verified. Specifically, descriptive statistical analysis, path analysis, and mediating effect analysis were conducted in the main survey. The results of the study are as follows: first, health perceptions were found to have a positive effect on sports participation (p < 0.001). Furthermore, health perceptions were found to have no direct effect on health promoting behavior (p = 0.554), while sports participation was found to have a positive effect on health promoting behavior (p < 0.001). Additionally, sports participation completely mediated the relationship between health perceptions and health promoting behavior. Based on the results of this study, suggestions are presented on how to enhance health perceptions in adolescents who are in a critical period for forming healthy life habits, and to prepare measures to encourage sports participation.


id: cord-262637-crqw59k1
author: Kwon, Sophia
date: 2020-09-09
txt: ./txt/cord-262637-crqw59k1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-262637-crqw59k1.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32916985/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186569
summary:
  We will randomize subjects (1:1) to either: (1) Low Calorie Mediterranean (LoCalMed)—an integrative multifactorial, technology-supported approach focused on behavioral modification, nutritional education that will include a self-monitored diet with feedback, physical activity recommendations, and social cognitive theory-based group counseling sessions; or (2) Usual Care. In light of these findings, we focused our work on the inflammatory effects of lipids in the development of particulate matter (PM)-induced lung injury [22] To investigate the potential reversibility of WTC-LI by direct impact on MetSyn risk factors, we focus on calorie-restricted (CR) Mediterranean diets based on recent studies showing their ability to attenuate lipid levels [20, 23, 24] . At baseline, participants will be provided in-person, group-based technology training, and will receive handouts with the following study goals: (1) weight loss of ≥seven percent at 6-months; (2) saturated fat intake ≤seven percent of kcal; (3) ≥150-min per week of moderate-intensity physical activity.

title:
  Food Intake REstriction for Health OUtcome Support and Education (FIREHOUSE) Protocol: A Randomized Clinical Trial

abstract:
  Fire Department of New York (FDNY) rescue and recovery workers exposed to World Trade Center (WTC) particulates suffered loss of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)). Metabolic Syndrome increased the risk of developing WTC-lung injury (WTC-LI)(.) We aim to attenuate the deleterious effects of WTC exposure through a dietary intervention targeting these clinically relevant disease modifiers. We hypothesize that a calorie-restricted Mediterranean dietary intervention will improve metabolic risk, subclinical indicators of cardiopulmonary disease, quality of life, and lung function in firefighters with WTC-LI. To assess our hypothesis, we developed the Food Intake REstriction for Health OUtcome Support and Education (FIREHOUSE), a randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT). Male firefighters with WTC-LI and a BMI > 27 kg/m(2) will be included. We will randomize subjects (1:1) to either: (1) Low Calorie Mediterranean (LoCalMed)—an integrative multifactorial, technology-supported approach focused on behavioral modification, nutritional education that will include a self-monitored diet with feedback, physical activity recommendations, and social cognitive theory-based group counseling sessions; or (2) Usual Care. Outcomes include reduction in body mass index (BMI) (primary), improvement in FEV(1), fractional exhaled nitric oxide, pulse wave velocity, lipid profiles, targeted metabolic/clinical biomarkers, and quality of life measures (secondary). By implementing a technology-supported LoCalMed diet our FIREHOUSE RCT may help further the treatment of WTC associated pulmonary disease.


id: cord-262647-kkvekors
author: Niwa, Makoto
date: 2020-08-27
txt: ./txt/cord-262647-kkvekors.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-262647-kkvekors.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32867280/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176238
summary:
  In Japan''s response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), virus testing was limited to symptomatic patients due to limited capacity, resulting in uncertainty regarding the spread of infection and the appropriateness of countermeasures. This causal loop modelling suggested that the only effective measure against COVID-19 transmission in the Japanese context was intervention in the early stages of the outbreak by national and regional governments, and no social self-strengthening dynamics were demonstrated. In handling the complex COVID-19 transmission processes in the population and the effects of societal factors, the idea to use system dynamics, describing complex social systems as a collective set of mathematical equations, was drawn based on some considerations. As social components, intervention by national or local government [3] , awareness raising regarding physical distancing and hygiene measures [15] , countermeasures by private or public enterprises [16] , new business practices, working from home, and contact reduction in commuting were included.

title:
  Effectiveness of Social Measures against COVID-19 Outbreaks in Selected Japanese Regions Analyzed by System Dynamic Modeling

abstract:
  In Japan’s response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), virus testing was limited to symptomatic patients due to limited capacity, resulting in uncertainty regarding the spread of infection and the appropriateness of countermeasures. System dynamic modelling, comprised of stock flow and infection modelling, was used to describe regional population dynamics and estimate assumed region-specific transmission rates. The estimated regional transmission rates were then mapped against actual patient data throughout the course of the interventions. This modelling, together with simulation studies, demonstrated the effectiveness of inbound traveler quarantine and resident self-isolation policies and practices. A causal loop approach was taken to link societal factors to infection control measures. This causal loop modelling suggested that the only effective measure against COVID-19 transmission in the Japanese context was intervention in the early stages of the outbreak by national and regional governments, and no social self-strengthening dynamics were demonstrated. These findings may contribute to an understanding of how social resilience to future infectious disease threats can be developed.


id: cord-262927-mehijkzo
title: Moving Health Literacy Research and Practice towards a Vision of Equity, Precision and Transparency
author: Guo, Shuaijun
date: 2020-10-20
txt: ./txt/cord-262927-mehijkzo.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-262927-mehijkzo.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33092206/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207650
summary:
  This includes using a life-course approach, integrating the rationale of precision public health, applying open science practice, and promoting actionable knowledge translation strategies. This includes using a life-course approach to health literacy [58] , integrating the rationale of precision public health [59] , applying open science practice [60] , and promoting actionable knowledge translation strategies [61] . Based on these new paradigms, we expect a nuanced understanding of how health literacy develops over the life-course, how it influences health behaviour and decision-making, and thus how it informs specific interventional opportunities-especially in the early life stages across educational and healthcare settings-for a precise policy recommendation. We also highlight the importance of applying open science and considering knowledge translation strategies from the beginning of research planning to generate or replicate policy-relevant findings rapidly and cost-effectively across different cultural contexts, and thus facilitate the process of knowledge dissemination.

abstract:
  Over the past two decades, health literacy research has gained increasing attention in global health initiatives to reduce health disparities. While it is well-documented that health literacy is associated with health outcomes, most findings are generated from cross-sectional data. Along with the increasing importance of health literacy in policy, there is a lack of specificity and transparency about how to improve health literacy in practice. In this study, we are calling for a shift of current research paradigms from judging health literacy levels towards observing how health literacy skills are developed over the life course and practised in the real world. This includes using a life-course approach, integrating the rationale of precision public health, applying open science practice, and promoting actionable knowledge translation strategies. We show how a greater appreciation for these paradigms promises to advance health literacy research and practice towards an equitable, precise, transparent, and actionable vision.


id: cord-263518-6puccigu
title: Coronavirus Outbreak and Stress in Iranians
author: Maarefvand, Masoomeh
date: 2020-06-20
txt: ./txt/cord-263518-6puccigu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-263518-6puccigu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32575763/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124441
summary:
  A 54-item, valid, and reliable questionnaire, including items on demographic characteristics and past medical history, stress levels, awareness about signs and symptoms of COVID-19, knowledge about at-risk groups and prevention methods, knowledge about transmission methods, trust in sources of information, and availability of facemasks and sanitizers, was deployed via social and mass media networks. The questionnaire included items about demographic characteristics and past medical history, stress levels, awareness about signs and symptoms of COVID-19, awareness about at-risk groups, knowledge about COVID-19 transmission methods, knowledge about effective COVID-19 prevention methods, awareness of the lack of a vaccine to prevent COVID-19, trust in information sources about COVID-19, and availability of facemasks and sanitizers. Demographic variables (including gender, age, employment, education, province, awareness of no approved vaccine for COVID-19, background disease), knowledge about transmission and prevention methods, awareness about signs and symptoms and at-risk groups, and trust in sources of information about COVID-19 were individually entered in the univariate models.

abstract:
  Iran has faced one of the worst COVID-19 outbreaks in the world, and no studies to date have examined COVID-19-related stress in the general Iranian population. In this first population-based study, a web-based survey was conducted during the peak of the outbreak to assess stress and its correlates in the Iranian population. A 54-item, valid, and reliable questionnaire, including items on demographic characteristics and past medical history, stress levels, awareness about signs and symptoms of COVID-19, knowledge about at-risk groups and prevention methods, knowledge about transmission methods, trust in sources of information, and availability of facemasks and sanitizers, was deployed via social and mass media networks. A total of 3787 Iranians participated in the study where the majority of the participants were females (67.4%), employed (56.1%), from developed provinces (81.6%), without chronic diseases (66.6%), and with ≥13 years of formal education (87.9%). The mean age of study participants was 34.9 years (range = 12–73), and the average stress score was 3.33 (SD = ±1.02). Stress score was significantly higher for females, those who were 30–39 years old, housewives, those with chronic diseases, individuals who were aware that there is no vaccine to prevent COVID-19, those who could not get facemasks or sanitizers, and individuals with higher knowledge about at-risk groups (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation of stress scores with knowledge about prevention methods for COVID-19 (r = 0.21, p = 0.01) and trust in sources of information about COVID-19 (r = −0.18, p = 0.01). All of the predictors, except knowledge of two important at-risk groups and education, had a significant effect on stress scores based on a multivariate regression model. The COVID-19 outbreak could increase stress among all population groups, with certain groups at higher risk. In the high-risk groups and based on experience with previous pandemics, interventions are needed to prevent long-term psychological effects. Professional support and family-centered programs should be a part of pandemic mitigation-related policymaking and public health practices.


id: cord-264133-yj100ryt
author: Anderson, Gregory S.
date: 2020-10-20
txt: ./txt/cord-264133-yj100ryt.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-264133-yj100ryt.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33092146/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207645
summary:
  Thematic groups identified within the literature included CISD (n = 5: included 2 studies with undefined organizationally-offered or -facilitated debriefing) and critical incident stress management (CISM, n = 1), as well as several peer support programs (n = 8) including types of psychological or mental health first aid and trauma risk management. Thematic groups identified within the literature included CISD (n = 5: included 2 studies with undefined organizationally-offered or -facilitated debriefing) and critical incident stress management (CISM, n = 1), as well as several peer support programs (n = 8) including types of psychological or mental health first aid and trauma risk management. The current review identified 14 studies measuring the effectiveness of peer support programs and crisis-focused psychological interventions among PSP and FHP following exposure to a PPTE with the hopes of mitigating PTSIs, and ultimately PTSD.

title:
  Peer Support and Crisis-Focused Psychological Interventions Designed to Mitigate Post-Traumatic Stress Injuries among Public Safety and Frontline Healthcare Personnel: A Systematic Review

abstract:
  Public safety personnel (PSP) and frontline healthcare professionals (FHP) are frequently exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs), and report increased rates of post-traumatic stress injuries (PTSIs). Despite widespread implementation and repeated calls for research, effectiveness evidence for organizational post-exposure PTSI mitigation services remains lacking. The current systematic review synthesized and appraised recent (2008–December 2019) empirical research from 22 electronic databases following a population–intervention–comparison–outcome framework. Eligible studies investigated the effectiveness of organizational peer support and crisis-focused psychological interventions designed to mitigate PTSIs among PSP, FHP, and other PPTE-exposed workers. The review included 14 eligible studies (n = 18,849 participants) that were synthesized with qualitative narrative analyses. The absence of pre–post-evaluations and the use of inconsistent outcome measures precluded quantitative meta-analysis. Thematic services included diverse programming for critical incident stress debriefing, critical incident stress management, peer support, psychological first aid, and trauma risk management. Designs included randomized control trials, retrospective cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies. Outcome measures included PPTE impacts, absenteeism, substance use, suicide rates, psychiatric symptoms, risk assessments, stigma, and global assessments of functioning. Quality assessment indicated limited strength of evidence and failures to control for pre-existing PTSIs, which would significantly bias program effectiveness evaluations for reducing PTSIs post-PPTE.


id: cord-264560-hxvadp24
title: Analysis of Imported Cases of COVID-19 in Taiwan: A Nationwide Study
author: Liu, Jui-Yao
date: 2020-05-09
txt: ./txt/cord-264560-hxvadp24.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-264560-hxvadp24.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32397515/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093311
summary:
  The Taiwanese authorities have made efforts to contain the importation of the disease by issuing travel advisories and implementing flight bans, entry restrictions, airport screening, home quarantining of travellers from high-risk areas, isolation of confirmed cases, and thorough contact tracing [11] [12] [13] . Travellers entering Taiwan with fever or respiratory symptoms must have oropharyngeal specimens collected for COVID-19 testing and are subject to home quarantining for 14 days, as are travellers from areas where the disease is epidemic. Of the imported cases, 32.7% were identified in airport screening, 27.7% during home quarantine, 16.2% through contact tracing, and 23.4% sought medical attention themselves and were reported by the hospitals (Table 3 ). Proactive border control measures to contain the importation of COVID-19 via airport screening, quarantining of travellers from epidemic areas, and thorough contact tracing are effective for preventing community transmission of this disease.

abstract:
  In the early stages of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, containment of disease importation from epidemic areas was essential for outbreak control. This study is based on publicly accessible data on confirmed COVID-19 cases in Taiwan extracted from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control website. We analysed the characteristics, infection source, symptom presentation, and route of identification of the 321 imported cases that were identified from 21 January to 6 April 2020. They were mostly returned Taiwanese citizens who had travelled to one or more of 37 countries for tourism, business, work, or study. Half of these cases developed symptoms before arrival, most of the remainder developed symptoms 1–13 days (mean 4.0 days) after arrival, and 3.4% never developed symptoms. Three-quarters of the cases had respiratory symptoms, 44.9% had fever, 13.1% lost smell or taste, and 7.2% had diarrhoea. Body temperature and symptom screening at airports identified 32.7% of the cases. Of the remainder, 27.7% were identified during home quarantining, 16.2% were identified via contact tracing, and 23.4% were reported by hospitals. Under the strict enforcement of these measures, the incidence of locally acquired COVID-19 cases in Taiwan remains sporadic. In conclusion, proactive border control measures are effective for preventing community transmission of this disease.


id: cord-264629-kuknvemy
author: Sáez, Gemma
date: 2020-07-01
txt: ./txt/cord-264629-kuknvemy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-264629-kuknvemy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32630323/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134747
summary:
  Our findings indicate that alcohol consumption, but not prescription drugs use, plays a relevant role in the attribution of blame by general population and self-blame by victims of IPV. The current study aims to explore the effect of prescription drugs and alcohol use on intimate partner violence victim blaming. Therefore, a correlational study was carried out among victims of intimate partner violence to evaluate whether alcohol and psychotropic drug consumption are positively related to self-blaming. Secondly, and focusing on intimate partner violence victims, we evaluated whether the reported consumption of alcohol and prescription drugs would be related to self-blame and self-blaming cognitions. With this goal in mind, the second study using a specific sample of IPV victims aimed to explore the effect that alcohol and prescription drugs have on self-blaming attribution for the violence they had experienced.

title:
  The Effect of Prescription Drugs and Alcohol Consumption on Intimate Partner Violence Victim Blaming

abstract:
  Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a public health problem with harsh consequences for women’s well-being. Social attitudes towards victims of IPV have a big impact on the perpetuation of this phenomenon. Moreover, specific problems such as the abuse of alcohol and drugs by IPV victims could have an effect on blame attributions towards them. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the external perception (Study 1) and self-perception (Study 2) of blame were influenced by the victims’ use and abuse of alcohol or by the victims’ use of psychotropic prescription drugs. Results of the first study (N = 136 participants) showed a significantly higher blame attribution towards female victims with alcohol abuse compared to those without it. No significant differences were found on blame attributed to those with psychotropic prescription drugs abuse and the control group. Results of the second study (N = 195 female victims of interpersonal violence) showed that alcohol consumption is associated with higher self-blame and self-blame cognitions among IPV victims. However, results did not show significant differences on self-blame associated to the victims’ use of psychotropic prescription drugs. Our findings indicate that alcohol consumption, but not prescription drugs use, plays a relevant role in the attribution of blame by general population and self-blame by victims of IPV.


id: cord-264798-s31gncge
author: Lu, Tingting
date: 2020-09-28
txt: ./txt/cord-264798-s31gncge.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-264798-s31gncge.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197105
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197105
summary:
  This paper aims to examine residents'' health benefits from moving to a brand-new green city-Lingang New Town (LNT)-in Shanghai, thereby providing existing discussions on the relationship between sustainable urban planning and health with a new perspective rooted in housing modes. This paper aims to examine residents'' health benefits from moving to a brand-new green city-Lingang New Town (LNT)-in Shanghai, thereby providing existing discussions on the relationship between sustainable urban planning and health with a new perspective rooted in housing modes. We inspected residents'' perceptions of green space in LNT in seven dimensions that were acknowledged as green space''s key functions in the sustainable urban planning code: exercising, safety, accessibility, social interaction, commerce, public events, and environment quality. We inspected residents'' perceptions of green space in LNT in seven dimensions that were acknowledged as green space''s key functions in the sustainable urban planning code: exercising, safety, accessibility, social interaction, commerce, public events, and environment quality.

title:
  Exploring the Impacts of Living in a “Green” City on Individual BMI: A Study of Lingang New Town in Shanghai, China

abstract:
  Urban planning and design in the 21st century is increasingly focusing on sustainability, illustrated by the proliferation of greener cities. While operational definitions and the actual planning of these cities can vary considerably (e.g., eco cities and low carbon cities), conceptually, at least, these terms overlap, particularly with regard to how they attempt to achieve both greener infrastructural design and healthier human lifestyles. This paper presents the findings of survey-based research carried out within Lingang New Town in Shanghai in 2019. In the cities of the Global North, the interplay between green infrastructural provision and public health has been of interest, especially in the context of social inequalities; however, there is little research from rapidly urbanizing countries where green urbanism is being increasingly promoted. Using this newly constructed example, we identified a clear positive correlation between moving to a green city and the adoption of healthier lifestyles. The structural equation modelling results suggest that behaviors around the use of green space as well as perceptions of different green space have notable impacts on residents’ physical health, measured by body mass index (BMI). The findings further illustrate systemic inequalities among private housing, rental housing and public housing typologies with regard to the distribution of health benefits.


id: cord-264811-xbeipob9
author: Choi, Yongin
date: 2020-10-14
txt: ./txt/cord-264811-xbeipob9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-264811-xbeipob9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33066581/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207474
summary:
  This study aims at assessing the impact of social distancing on the reduction of COVID-19 infected cases by constructing a mathematical model and using epidemiological data of incidences in Korea. An example of a scenario/policy-specific contact matrix of Seoul and Gyeonggi province-school closure with no social distancing, M C -is shown in Figure 3 ; a comparison with the equivalent version for Korea is provided in Figure S3 in Supplementary Section B. In the age-structured model developed in this study, we estimated the transmission rate by applying the contact matrix obtained from [25] to the actual incidence and population data for Seoul and Gyeonggi province. We estimated the transmission rate for each age group in seven distinct periods using the COVID-19 data and contact matrix for each age group and investigated the effect of social distancing on the control of the disease in the age-structured model under various scenarios.

title:
  Assessment of Social Distancing for Controlling COVID-19 in Korea: An Age-Structured Modeling Approach

abstract:
  The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred all over the world between 2019 and 2020. The first case of COVID-19 was reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, there have been more than 21 million incidences and 761 thousand casualties worldwide as of 16 August 2020. One of the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 is that its symptoms and fatality rates vary with the ages of the infected individuals. This study aims at assessing the impact of social distancing on the reduction of COVID-19 infected cases by constructing a mathematical model and using epidemiological data of incidences in Korea. We developed an age-structured mathematical model for describing the age-dependent dynamics of the spread of COVID-19 in Korea. We estimated the model parameters and computed the reproduction number using the actual epidemiological data reported from 1 February to 15 June 2020. We then divided the data into seven distinct periods depending on the intensity of social distancing implemented by the Korean government. By using a contact matrix to describe the contact patterns between ages, we investigated the potential effect of social distancing under various scenarios. We discovered that when the intensity of social distancing is reduced, the number of COVID-19 cases increases; the number of incidences among the age groups of people 60 and above increases significantly more than that of the age groups below the age of 60. This significant increase among the elderly groups poses a severe threat to public health because the incidence of severe cases and fatality rates of the elderly group are much higher than those of the younger groups. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain strict social distancing rules to reduce infected cases.


id: cord-265786-nstd8xak
author: Kimhi, Shaul
date: 2020-10-23
txt: ./txt/cord-265786-nstd8xak.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-265786-nstd8xak.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33113914/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17217743
summary:
  Three groups of indicators were assessed: signs of distress (sense of danger, distress symptoms, and perceived threats), resilience (individual, community, and national), and subjective well-being (well-being, hope, and morale). Results indicated the following: (a) a significant increase in distress indicators, with effect sizes of sense of danger, distress symptoms, and perceived threats (Cohen''s d 0.614, 0.120, and 0.248, respectively); (b) a significant decrease in resilience indicators, with effect sizes of individual, community, and national resilience (Cohen''s d 0.153, 0.428, and 0.793, respectively); and (c) a significant decrease in subjective well-being indicators with effect sizes of well-being, hope, and morale (Cohen''s d 0.116, 0.336, and 0.199, respectively). To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the levels of distress, resilience, and subjective well-being of the Israeli population, a longitudinal study was designed based on two repeated measurements.

title:
  A Renewed Outbreak of the COVID−19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study of Distress, Resilience, and Subjective Well-Being

abstract:
  Considering the potential impact of COVID-19 on the civil society, a longitudinal study was conducted to identify levels of distress, resilience, and the subjective well-being of the population. The study is based on two repeated measurements conducted at the end of the pandemic’s “first wave” and the beginning of the “second wave” on a sample (n = 906) of Jewish Israeli respondents, who completed an online questionnaire distributed by an Internet panel company. Three groups of indicators were assessed: signs of distress (sense of danger, distress symptoms, and perceived threats), resilience (individual, community, and national), and subjective well-being (well-being, hope, and morale). Results indicated the following: (a) a significant increase in distress indicators, with effect sizes of sense of danger, distress symptoms, and perceived threats (Cohen’s d 0.614, 0.120, and 0.248, respectively); (b) a significant decrease in resilience indicators, with effect sizes of individual, community, and national resilience (Cohen’s d 0.153, 0.428, and 0.793, respectively); and (c) a significant decrease in subjective well-being indicators with effect sizes of well-being, hope, and morale (Cohen’s d 0.116, 0.336, and 0.199, respectively). To conclude, COVID-19 had a severe, large-scale impact on the civil society, leading to multidimensional damage and a marked decrease in the individual, community, and national resilience of the population.


id: cord-265937-f39md0vk
title: Use of the Smartphone and Self-Concept in University Students According to the Gender Variable
author: Cachón-Zagalaz, Javier
date: 2020-06-12
txt: ./txt/cord-265937-f39md0vk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-265937-f39md0vk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32545435/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124184
summary:
  The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between self-concept and the use of the smartphone by university students in terms of gender. It should be noted that the two main constructs of this research (self-concept and the use of the smartphone) can influence each other, since one of the transcendental uses that young people give to the mobile phone is access to social networks in which they continually interact by publishing photographs with the intention of showing a lifestyle, real or imaginary. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between the self-concept of university students and the use they make of their mobile phones, also analyzing the gender variable. When analyzing the results obtained in the relationship between the dimensions of self-concept and the use of the smartphone, it is found that there are statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the academic and emotional self-concepts, with those subjects who have severe problems with the use of the mobile phone scoring in both dimensions lower.

abstract:
  The university stage comprises a very important and vital period in the modification of students’ lifestyles, and these changes can affect their self-concept. The excessive use of technology today can also influence the formation of their identity. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between self-concept and the use of the smartphone by university students in terms of gender. The sample included 253 students (mean age 21.39 ± 3.27) of the Primary Education Degree of the University of Jaén (106 men and 147 women). A questionnaire was used to unify several instruments: a sociodemographic questionnaire, a Self-Concept Form-5 questionnaire (AF-5), and a questionnaire on cell phone-related experiences (CERM). The results show the existence of significant differences between both genders in the academic, emotional, and social dimensions of self-concept, with women showing a greater academic self-concept and men showing an emotional and physical one. Regarding the use of the smartphone in relation to self-concept, significant differences are found in the academic and emotional dimensions depending on the degree of use. In addition, in relation to the use of the smartphone, it has been detected that half of the students present potential problems. It is concluded that there is a relationship between both constructs, especially the academic and emotional self-concept.


id: cord-266239-l0ulr2ep
author: Freeman, Shannon
date: 2020-08-07
txt: ./txt/cord-266239-l0ulr2ep.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-266239-l0ulr2ep.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784651/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165711
summary:
  Participants referenced younger family members as having introduced them to, and having taught them how to use, technologies such as digital devices, computers, and social networking sites. A particular gap in knowledge exists regarding the role of intergenerational elements in motivating older adults to learn how to use technology and associated ICTs. Across the globe, societies are aging rapidly due to increased life expectancy as a result of better health and social care, and lower birth rates [4] . The challenges to acquiring new technology skills and strategies for connecting with younger generations to overcome them suggest the importance of intergenerational influences on older adults'' understanding and use of technology, which must be further explored. Our study revealed findings similar to those noted above but for multiple digital technologies, which suggests a more universal and generalizable use of technologies among older adults to increase intergenerational family social interactions as a "digital gathering place".

title:
  Intergenerational Effects on the Impacts of Technology Use in Later Life: Insights from an International, Multi-Site Study

abstract:
  As the use of technology becomes further integrated into the daily lives of all persons, including older adults, it is important to investigate how the perceptions and use of technology intersect with intergenerational relationships. Based on the international multi-centered study Technology In Later Life (TILL), this paper emphasizes the perceptions of older adults and the interconnection between technology and intergenerational relationships are integral to social connectedness with others. Participants from rural and urban sites in Canada and the UK (n = 37) completed an online survey and attended a focus group. Descriptive and thematic analyses suggest that older adults are not technologically adverse and leverage intergenerational relationships with family and friends to adjust to new technologies and to remain connected to adult children and grandchildren, especially when there is high geographic separation between them. Participants referenced younger family members as having introduced them to, and having taught them how to use, technologies such as digital devices, computers, and social networking sites. The intergenerational support in the adoption of new technologies has important implications for helping older persons to remain independent and to age in place, in both age-friendly cities and in rural communities. The findings contribute to the growing literature in the fields of gerontology and gerontechnology on intergenerational influences and the impacts of technology use in later life and suggest the flexibility and willingness of older persons to adopt to new technologies as well as the value of intergenerational relationships for overcoming barriers to technology adoption.


id: cord-266257-hp11at50
author: Zhang, Yao
date: 2020-05-25
txt: ./txt/cord-266257-hp11at50.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-266257-hp11at50.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32466163/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103722
summary:
  The focus of this longitudinal study is twofold: (1) To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 severity on Chinese college students'' mental health and life status and explore the underlying mechanisms of this effect during the peak time of the COVID-19, from February 19 to March 20, 2020; and (2) to assess the mitigation effects of exercise on negative emotions and advance a suitable physical activity level as a psychological intervention strategy to improve mental health. The focus of this longitudinal study is twofold: (1) To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 severity on Chinese college students'' mental health and life status and explore the underlying mechanisms of this effect during the peak time of the COVID-19, from February 19 to March 20, 2020; and (2) to assess the mitigation effects of exercise on negative emotions and advance a suitable physical activity level as a psychological intervention strategy to improve mental health.

title:
  Mental Health Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemics and the Mitigation Effects of Exercise: A Longitudinal Study of College Students in China

abstract:
  (1) Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency that has caused worldwide concern. Vast resources have been allocated to control the pandemic and treat patients. However, little attention has been paid to the adverse impact on mental health or effective mitigation strategies to improve mental health. (2) Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the adverse impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on Chinese college students’ mental health, understand the underlying mechanisms, and explore feasible mitigation strategies. (3) Methods: During the peak time of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, we conducted longitudinal surveys of sixty-six college students. Structured questionnaires collected information on demographics, physical activity, negative emotions, sleep quality, and aggressiveness level. A mixed-effect model was used to evaluate associations between variables, and the mediating effect of sleep quality was further explored. A generalized additive model was used to determine the dose-response relationships between the COVID-19 death count, physical activity, and negative emotions. (4) Results: The COVID-19 death count showed a direct negative impact on general sleep quality (β = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.55, 2.19) and reduced aggressiveness (β = −6.57, 95% CI: −12.78, −0.36). In contrast, the COVID-19 death count imposed not a direct but an indirect impact on general negative emotions (indirect effect (IE) = 0.81, p = 0.012), stress (IE = 0.40, p < 0.001), and anxiety (IE = 0.27, p = 0.004) with sleep quality as a mediator. Moreover, physical activity directly alleviated general negative emotions (β = −0.12, 95% CI: −0.22, −0.01), and the maximal mitigation effect occurred when weekly physical activity was about 2500 METs. (5) Conclusions: (a) The severity of the COVID-19 outbreak has an indirect effect on negative emotions by affecting sleep quality. (b) A possible mitigation strategy for improving mental health includes taking suitable amounts of daily physical activity and sleeping well. (c) The COVID-19 outbreak has reduced people’s aggressiveness, probably by making people realize the fragility and preciousness of life.


id: cord-267034-s3hf4bo5
author: Palladino, Raffaele
date: 2020-08-05
txt: ./txt/cord-267034-s3hf4bo5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-267034-s3hf4bo5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165644
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165644
summary:
  Second, we evaluated the effect of an early lockdown on the trend of new cases, creating a counterfactual scenario where the intervention was implemented one week in advance. For this reason, we estimated the number of deaths and hospital admissions for COVID-19 that would have occurred if the lockdown had been implemented one week earlier than it was actually enforced. In the present analysis we used data on the daily number of COVID-19 cases, hospitalized patients, and deaths recorded in Italy from February 24th, the first day national data were made available, to May 3rd, the last day of implementation of the national lockdown. The late implementation of the lockdown in Italy was responsible for a substantial proportion of hospital admissions and deaths associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The late implementation of the lockdown in Italy was responsible for a substantial proportion of hospital admissions and deaths associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

title:
  Excess Deaths and Hospital Admissions for COVID-19 Due to a Late Implementation of the Lockdown in Italy

abstract:
  In Italy, the COVID-19 epidemic curve started to flatten when the health system had already exceeded its capacity, raising concerns that the lockdown was indeed delayed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health effects of late implementation of the lockdown in Italy. Using national data on the daily number of COVID-19 cases, we first estimated the effect of the lockdown, employing an interrupted time series analysis. Second, we evaluated the effect of an early lockdown on the trend of new cases, creating a counterfactual scenario where the intervention was implemented one week in advance. We then predicted the corresponding number of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, non-ICU admissions, and deaths. Finally, we compared results under the actual and counterfactual scenarios. An early implementation of the lockdown would have avoided about 126,000 COVID-19 cases, 54,700 non-ICU admissions, 15,600 ICU admissions, and 12,800 deaths, corresponding to 60% (95%CI: 55% to 64%), 52% (95%CI: 46% to 57%), 48% (95%CI: 42% to 53%), and 44% (95%CI: 38% to 50%) reduction, respectively. We found that the late implementation of the lockdown in Italy was responsible for a substantial proportion of hospital admissions and deaths associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.


id: cord-267874-k6tmu5gi
title: COVID-19 Emergence and Social and Health Determinants in Colorado: A Rapid Spatial Analysis
author: Ramírez, Ivan J.
date: 2020-05-29
txt: ./txt/cord-267874-k6tmu5gi.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-267874-k6tmu5gi.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32485854/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113856
summary:
  Social and health determinants associated with higher COVID-19-related deaths were population density and asthma, indicative of urban areas, and poverty and unemployment, suggestive of rural areas. Using geographic information systems (GIS) and bivariate correlation analyses, this study investigated COVID-19 incidence and deaths from March 14, 2020 to April 8, 2020 at the county-level and the wider social, economic, and health context of emergence. Other indicators, although not as frequent suggest that COVID-19 incidence overlapped with higher rates of chronic conditions like asthma and diabetes, and also influenza, particularly in Denver, Morgan, and Weld counties. Social determinants such as poverty and unemployment, variables which have higher prevalence in rural areas in Colorado, were significantly and positively associated with COVID-19 case fatality rates. Some social and health determinant factors associated (not causal) with patterns of higher COVID-19-related death rates were population density and asthma hospitalization, suggestive of urban areas, and poverty and unemployment, suggestive of rural areas.

abstract:
  The aim of this rapid analysis was to investigate the spatial patterns of COVID-19 emergence across counties in Colorado. In the U.S. West, Colorado has the second highest number of cases and deaths, second only to California. Colorado is also reporting, like other states, that communities of color and low-income persons are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Using GIS and correlation analysis, this study explored COVID-19 incidence and deaths from March 14 to April 8, 2020, with social determinants and chronic conditions. Preliminary results demonstrate that COVID-19 incidence intensified in mountain communities west of Denver and along the Urban Front Range, and evolved into new centers of risk in eastern Colorado. Overall, the greatest increase in COVID-19 incidence was in northern Colorado, i.e., Weld County, which reported the highest rates in the Urban Front Range. Social and health determinants associated with higher COVID-19-related deaths were population density and asthma, indicative of urban areas, and poverty and unemployment, suggestive of rural areas. Furthermore, a spatial overlap of high rates of chronic diseases with high rates of COVID-19 may suggest a broader syndemic health burden, where comorbidities intersect with inequality of social determinants of health.


id: cord-267996-5l9shks8
author: Tysiąc-Miśta, Monika
date: 2020-06-30
txt: ./txt/cord-267996-5l9shks8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-267996-5l9shks8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134703
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134703
summary:
  variables, such as a lack of access to adequate, enhanced PPE; individuals'' COVID-19 contraction risk assessments; self-reported feelings of anxiety regarding the disease; gender; the acknowledgement of national guidance on how to treat patients during the recent health care crisis; and other factors such as age, years of clinical experience, marital status, having children, place of residence, risk group for coronavirus infection due to comorbidities and, finally, dentists'' acknowledgement of the professional recommendations launched by the PDA and PMH. We also investigated factors such as age, years of clinical practice (Table 5) , marital status, having children, place of residence, belonging to the risk group for coronavirus infection due to comorbidities, and dentists'' opinions on the lasting impact of COVID-19 on dental procedures (Table 6 ) in relation to the decision to continue dental practice or not.

title:
  The Attitudes and Professional Approaches of Dental Practitioners during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Survey

abstract:
  The coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put enormous pressure on health care systems around the world. Dentistry has had to adjust to the new epidemic situation to not only bring relief to suffering patients but also to avoid becoming a source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods: A comprehensive, cross-sectional survey was conducted between April 6 and 16, 2020 among 875 Polish dental practitioners. The aim of the research was to assess dentists’ attitudes and professional approaches resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: 71.2% of dentists who responded to the questionnaire decided to suspend their clinical practice during that particular time. The main factors for this fact were the shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), the respondents’ subjective perceptions of the risk of COVID-19 contraction and a general feeling of anxiety and uncertainty regarding the COVID-19 situation. The authors observed a significant decrease in the number of patients admitted weekly in April 2020 (12.06; SD, 11.55) in comparison to that in the time before the state of pandemic was declared on March 11, 2020 (49.21; SD, 24.97). Conclusions: Due to the unpreparedness of the dental sector, both in national health and private settings, most of the Polish dentists decided to voluntarily suspend their clinical practice in order to mitigate the spread of the disease. The COVID-19 outbreak has revealed numerous shortcomings in the dental care system, especially regarding the insufficient coordination of health services related to the pandemic and lack of advanced PPE. This has led to an overwhelming feeling of fear, confusion and anxiety among dental professionals in Poland and a sudden decrease in the number of performed dental procedures. Hopefully enriched with the recent experience and due to the implementation of proper strategic and long-term measures, dental practitioners will be better prepared and adapted to global health care disruptions in the future.


id: cord-268176-tb12txdf
author: Garcia de Avila, Marla Andréia
date: 2020-08-09
txt: ./txt/cord-268176-tb12txdf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-268176-tb12txdf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165757
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165757
summary:
  This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety among Brazilian children and its associated factors during social distancing during COVID-19. In logistic regression, the following variables were associated with higher CAQ scores: social distancing without parents; more persons living together in home; and education level of guardians. There were no statistically significant differences for NRS and the studied variables, but the prevalence of anxiety was highest among the children who maintained social distance with someone other than the parents (28.6%, n = 16). Higher levels of anxiety (CAQ ≥ 9) were associated with social distancing, the number of persons at home, guardians'' age, and education level of the guardians. The prevalence of anxiety among the children during the COVID-19 pandemic in this group was 19.4% (n = 56), according to the CAQ, and 21.8% (n = 63), according to the NRS.

title:
  Children’s Anxiety and Factors Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study Using the Children’s Anxiety Questionnaire and the Numerical Rating Scale

abstract:
  The repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s lives deserve attention. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety among Brazilian children and its associated factors during social distancing during COVID-19. We used a cross-sectional design with an online survey from April to May 2020 in Brazil. We included children aged 6–12 years and their guardians. The Children’s Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ; scores 4–12) and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS; scores 0–10) were used to measure anxiety. We enrolled 157 girls and 132 boys, with a mean age of 8.84 (±2.05) years; 88.9% of respondents were mothers. Based on CAQ ≥ 9, the prevalence of anxiety was 19.4% (n = 56), and higher among children with parents with essential jobs and those who were social distancing without parents. In logistic regression, the following variables were associated with higher CAQ scores: social distancing without parents; more persons living together in home; and education level of guardians. Based on NRS > 7, the prevalence of anxiety was 21.8% (n = 63); however, no associations with NRS scores were found with the investigated variables. These findings suggest the necessity of implementing public health actions targeting these parents and their children at the population level.


id: cord-268716-lbxmteyn
author: Erokhin, Vasilii
date: 2020-08-10
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32785155/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165775
title:
  Impacts of COVID-19 on Trade and Economic Aspects of Food Security: Evidence from 45 Developing Countries

abstract:
  The stability of food supply chains is crucial to the food security of people around the world. Since the beginning of 2020, this stability has been undergoing one of the most vigorous pressure tests ever due to the COVID-19 outbreak. From a mere health issue, the pandemic has turned into an economic threat to food security globally in the forms of lockdowns, economic decline, food trade restrictions, and rising food inflation. It is safe to assume that the novel health crisis has badly struck the least developed and developing economies, where people are particularly vulnerable to hunger and malnutrition. However, due to the recency of the COVID-19 problem, the impacts of macroeconomic fluctuations on food insecurity have remained scantily explored. In this study, the authors attempted to bridge this gap by revealing interactions between the food security status of people and the dynamics of COVID-19 cases, food trade, food inflation, and currency volatilities. The study was performed in the cases of 45 developing economies distributed to three groups by the level of income. The consecutive application of the autoregressive distributed lag method, Yamamoto’s causality test, and variance decomposition analysis allowed the authors to find the food insecurity effects of COVID-19 to be more perceptible in upper-middle-income economies than in the least developed countries. In the latter, food security risks attributed to the emergence of the health crisis were mainly related to economic access to adequate food supply (food inflation), whereas in higher-income developing economies, availability-sided food security risks (food trade restrictions and currency depreciation) were more prevalent. The approach presented in this paper contributes to the establishment of a methodology framework that may equip decision-makers with up-to-date estimations of health crisis effects on economic parameters of food availability and access to staples in food-insecure communities.


id: cord-268779-qbn3i2nq
title: COVID-19 Spread in Saudi Arabia: Modeling, Simulation and Analysis
author: Alrasheed, Hend
date: 2020-10-23
txt: ./txt/cord-268779-qbn3i2nq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-268779-qbn3i2nq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33113936/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17217744
summary:
  In this work, we propose a simulation model for the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia using a network-based epidemic model. The proposed model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the control measures employed by the Saudi government, to predict the future dynamics of the disease in Saudi Arabia according to different scenarios, and to investigate multiple vaccination strategies. We aimed to match the model simulations with empirical data and then used the model to evaluate the effectiveness of the control measures employed by the Saudi government, to predict the future dynamics of the disease in Saudi Arabia according to different scenarios, and to predict the percentage of individuals that must be vaccinated to stop the outbreak (when a vaccine becomes available). Volz [35] modeled SIR dynamics on a static random network, which represents the population structure of susceptible and infected individuals and their contact patterns with an arbitrary degree distribution.

abstract:
  The novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) has resulted in an ongoing pandemic and has affected over 200 countries around the world. Mathematical epidemic models can be used to predict the course of an epidemic and develop methods for controlling it. As social contact is a key factor in disease spreading, modeling epidemics on contact networks has been increasingly used. In this work, we propose a simulation model for the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia using a network-based epidemic model. We generated a contact network that captures realistic social behaviors and dynamics of individuals in Saudi Arabia. The proposed model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the control measures employed by the Saudi government, to predict the future dynamics of the disease in Saudi Arabia according to different scenarios, and to investigate multiple vaccination strategies. Our results suggest that Saudi Arabia would have faced a nationwide peak of the outbreak on 21 April 2020 with a total of approximately 26 million infections had it not imposed strict control measures. The results also indicate that social distancing plays a crucial role in determining the future local dynamics of the epidemic. Our results also show that the closure of schools and mosques had the maximum impact on delaying the epidemic peak and slowing down the infection rate. If a vaccine does not become available and no social distancing is practiced from 10 June 2020, our predictions suggest that the epidemic will end in Saudi Arabia at the beginning of November with over 13 million infected individuals, and it may take only 15 days to end the epidemic after 70% of the population receive a vaccine.


id: cord-269969-xl1ooxoj
author: Duong, Tuyen Van
date: 2020-09-30
txt: ./txt/cord-269969-xl1ooxoj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-269969-xl1ooxoj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197185
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197185
summary:
  title: Digital Healthy Diet Literacy and Self-Perceived Eating Behavior Change during COVID-19 Pandemic among Undergraduate Nursing and Medical Students: A Rapid Online Survey We examined the psychometric properties of digital healthy diet literacy (DDL) and its association with eating behavior changes during the COVID-19 pandemic among nursing and medical students. We conducted a cross-sectional study from 7 April to 31 May 2020 at 10 public universities in Vietnam, in which 7616 undergraduate students aged 19–27 completed an online survey to assess socio-demographics, clinical parameters, health literacy (HL), DDL, and health-related behaviors. We examined the psychometric properties of an expanded digital healthy diet literacy (DDL) domain of health literacy to investigate associations between DDL and eating behavior changes during the COVID-19 pandemic among nursing and medical students at 10 public universities in Vietnam. In this study, our findings illustrate that higher scores of health literacy and digital healthy diet literacy were positively associated with healthier eating behavior during the pandemic for both nursing and medical students.

title:
  Digital Healthy Diet Literacy and Self-Perceived Eating Behavior Change during COVID-19 Pandemic among Undergraduate Nursing and Medical Students: A Rapid Online Survey

abstract:
  Assessing healthy diet literacy and eating behaviors is critical for identifying appropriate public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the psychometric properties of digital healthy diet literacy (DDL) and its association with eating behavior changes during the COVID-19 pandemic among nursing and medical students. We conducted a cross-sectional study from 7 April to 31 May 2020 at 10 public universities in Vietnam, in which 7616 undergraduate students aged 19–27 completed an online survey to assess socio-demographics, clinical parameters, health literacy (HL), DDL, and health-related behaviors. Four items of the DDL scale loaded on one component explained 71.32%, 67.12%, and 72.47% of the scale variances for the overall sample, nursing, and medical students, respectively. The DDL scale was found to have satisfactory item-scale convergent validity and criterion validity, high internal consistency reliability, and no floor or ceiling effect. Of all, 42.8% of students reported healthier eating behavior during the pandemic. A 10-index score increment of DDL was associated with 18%, 23%, and 17% increased likelihood of healthier eating behavior during the pandemic for the overall sample (OR, 1.18; 95%CI, 1.13, 1.24; p < 0.001), nursing students (OR, 1.23; 95%CI, 1.10, 1.35; p < 0.001), and medical students (OR, 1.17; 95%CI, 1.11, 1.24; p < 0.001), respectively. The DDL scale is a valid and reliable tool for the quick assessment of digital healthy diet literacy. Students with higher DDL scores had a higher likelihood of healthier eating behavior during the pandemic.


id: cord-270796-ixpt6jnr
title: Human Saliva: Non-Invasive Fluid for Detecting Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
author: Khurshid, Zohaib
date: 2020-03-26
txt: ./txt/cord-270796-ixpt6jnr.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-270796-ixpt6jnr.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32224986/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072225
summary:
  title: Human Saliva: Non-Invasive Fluid for Detecting Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Within a day, this condition spread to other provinces in China, and health authorities started immediate investigation to characterize and isolated the virus, which, by 7 January 2020, was named the Novel Coronavirus (nCoV) [1] . On 9 January 2020, WHO published guidelines for the detection of 2019-nCoV using respiratory materials (nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab in ambulatory patients and sputum (if produced) and endotracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with more severe respiratory disease) and serum for serological testing (https://www.who.int/publications-detail/laboratory-testing-for-2019novel-coronavirus-in-suspected-human-cases-20200117 accessed on 28 February 2020). On 12 February 2020, a breakthrough was reported regarding the accuracy of a human saliva sample from eleven COVID-19 patients in a Hong Kong hospital [13] . In this study, consistent detection of coronavirus was reported in the saliva of patients admitted from the first day of hospitalization.

abstract:
  The breakthrough of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, a city of China, has damaged the status of health and quality of life. In the sequel of this epidemic or contagious disease, the patient experiences fever, chest paint, chills, a rapid heartbeat, breathing difficulties, pneumonia, and kidney failure. It has been suggested that this disease can spread through human-to-human transmission or by super spreading. By the help of the non-invasive fluid “saliva”, it is easy to detect the virus. This can help with the comfort of the patient as well as healthcare personnel. Under this perspective, we discuss the epidemic situation of 2019-nCOV and its relationship with human saliva.


id: cord-270948-qfsjtflv
author: Klosterhalfen, Stephanie
date: 2020-10-22
txt: ./txt/cord-270948-qfsjtflv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-270948-qfsjtflv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217740
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17217740
summary:
  The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) study and studies of the Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA) such as the Drug Affinity Study have collected data on awareness about and use of WP, differentiated according to migration background, frequency of consumption, and combined consumption of tobacco cigarettes, WPs, e-products, and tobacco heaters [16, 30] . More specifically, based on data of the second wave of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2), in the present study, we aimed to (i) investigate the prevalence of WP consumption among 11-to 17-year-old boys and girls; (ii) describe the frequency of WP use and the self-assessed smoking status; (iii) examine the associations between sociodemographic factors, smoking status and WP consumption among adolescents; and (iv) to monitor trends between the previous and the current wave of the KiGGS study.

title:
  Waterpipe Use among Adolescents in Germany: Prevalence, Associated Consumer Characteristics, and Trends (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents, KiGGS)

abstract:
  Waterpipe (WP) use is popular among youth worldwide, but epidemiological data from Germany are scarce. We aimed to describe prevalence rates of WP use (current, last 12 months, ever) and analysed correlates and trends among 11- to 17-year-olds in Germany. Analyses were based on data from the “German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents” study during 2014–2017 (n = 6599). Changes in WP use prevalence compared with 2009–2012 were used to describe trends. Associations with sociodemographic characteristics and cigarette smoking were assessed with multivariable logistic regression models. Prevalence of current WP use among adolescents was 8.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.5–9.6), use in the last 12 months was 19.7% (95% CI = 18.3–21.2), and ever use was 25.8% (95% CI = 24.2–27.5). High prevalence rates were particularly found among 16–17-year-olds. During 2009–2012, these prevalence rates were 9.0%, 18.5%, and 26.1%, respectively. WP use was associated with older age, male sex, migration background, lower educational level, and current smoking status. Among current WP users, 66.2% (95% CI = 60.0–71.9) identified themselves as non-smokers, and 38.1% (95% CI = 32.5–44.0) had used WP ≥ three times in the last month. WP consumption is popular among German youth, and prevalence rates have not changed over time. Specific prevention strategies to reduce harmful WP consumption among youth should be implemented.


id: cord-271736-29oavyc4
title: Disability-Related Questions for Administrative Datasets
author: Madden, Rosamond H.
date: 2020-07-28
txt: ./txt/cord-271736-29oavyc4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-271736-29oavyc4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32731541/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155435
summary:
  To identify key concepts for inclusion in disability-related questions, we examined 10 instruments of potential significance and relevance to disability data collection and measurement in the NSW public sector with reference to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) [12] . The key concepts and terms identified in Stage 1 were used in different combinations, to draft five D questions (designed to identify employees with disability) and five E questions (designed to identify environmental factors that can facilitate, or act as barriers to, full and effective workplace participation); these questions were tested in focus groups with NSW public sector employees (Supplementary S1). The use of the word "disability" in the questions appears to exclude some people from responding, e.g., those with functioning difficulties arising from long term health conditions; this is the balance of evidence from the online survey statistics, text responses, and focus group results.

abstract:
  High rates of unemployment among people with disability are long-standing and persistent problems worldwide. For public policy, estimates of prevalence and population profiles are required for designing support schemes such as Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme; for monitoring implementation of the United Nations Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities; and for monitoring service access, participation, and equity for people with disability in mainstream systems including employment. In the public sector, creating a succinct identifier for disability in administrative systems is a key challenge for public policy design and monitoring. This requires concise methods of identifying people with disability within systems, producing data comparable with population data to gauge accessibility and equity. We aimed to create disability-related questions of value to the purposes of an Australian state and contribute to literature on parsimonious and respectful disability identification for wider application. The research, completed in 2017, involved mapping and identification of key disability concepts for inclusion in new questions, focus groups to refine wording of new questions, and online surveys of employees evaluating two potential new question sets on the topic of disability and environment. Recommendations for new disability-related questions and possible new data collection processes are being considered and used by the leading state authority.


id: cord-271765-altqn10l
author: Fernández-Díaz, Elena
date: 2020-08-05
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32764480/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165663
title:
  Exploring WHO Communication during the COVID 19 Pandemic through the WHO Website Based on W3C Guidelines: Accessible for All?

abstract:
  Health crisis situations generate greater attention and dependence on reliable and truthful information from citizens, especially from those organisations that represent authority on the subject, such as the World Health Organization (WHO). In times of global pandemics such as COVID-19, the WHO message “health for all” takes on great communicative importance, especially from the point of view of the prevention of the disease and recommendations for action. Therefore, any communication must be understandable and accessible by all types of people, regardless of their technology, language, culture or disability (physical or mental), according to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), taking on special relevance for public health content. This study analysed whether the WHO is accessible in its digital version for all groups of citizens according to the widely accepted standards in the field of the Internet. The conclusion reached was that not all the information is accessible in accordance with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1, which implies that there are groups that are, to some extent, left out, especially affecting the elderly. This study can contribute to the development of proposals and suggest ways in which to improve the accessibility of health content to groups especially vulnerable in this pandemic.


id: cord-271853-wexe9gq0
title: Social Policy Responses to the Covid-19 Crisis in China in 2020
author: Lu, Quan
date: 2020-08-14
txt: ./txt/cord-271853-wexe9gq0.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-271853-wexe9gq0.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165896
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165896
summary:
  The central government has played a proactive role by issuing a number of key policies in the field of social security, effectively relieving the anxiety of patients infected with Covid-19 and their families from the financial burden of medical treatment, and also fully mobilizing social resources to effectively support the resumption of work and production. Therefore, this article will specifically analyze how different types of current social security programs have responded to the outbreak and the outcome of the pandemic-related crisis and highlight the However, interventions through social protection policy and questions that must be reconsidered in relation to disease-related crises have been largely neglected in academic research. Effective medical security measures, mainly medical social insurance, were taken in a timely manner during the Covid-19 crisis in China, so that patients and their families are relieved from worrying about treatment costs, specifically: (1) Shortly after the outbreak, the state issued a policy to include drugs and medical services for the treatment of the new coronavirus as part of the payment range for the medical insurance fund.

abstract:
  The 2020 coronavirus pandemic has catapulted China into a serious social and political crisis. This article focuses upon how Chinese social policy has responded to the Covid-19 crisis. It reveals that the Chinese welfare state has woven a comprehensive social safety net to mitigate the social suffering of Chinese society in the mid- and post-crisis periods. Different types of social policy programs have been combined and synthesized, including social insurance, social assistance, and social welfare arrangements. Facing the challenges of the new risks caused by the pandemic, the collaboration of the Chinese state and intermediary social welfare organizations has played a crucial role in providing both cash benefits and social services (benefits in kind). For the first time, social policy in China has acted as a major player for coping with the negative outcomes of a pandemic. This article concludes that the pandemic-related crisis has justified an interventionist approach and logic, driven by the state’s welfare system, which favors a model of “big government”. However, this model also requires justification and legitimation.


id: cord-271887-blwrpf38
author: Sampa, Masuda Begum
date: 2020-06-30
txt: ./txt/cord-271887-blwrpf38.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-271887-blwrpf38.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134709
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134709
summary:
  Our initial examination of the suitability of the PHC and its associated technologies as a key contributor to public health responses is designed to "flatten the curve", particularly among unreached high-risk NCD populations in developing countries. Portable Health Clinic (PHC) services, which is an RHS, have proven efficacy in providing necessary information and preventive measures for people without access to healthcare facilities [17] [18] [19] . No previous study to date has examined the scopes of designing and developing an RHS based on the general requirements to facilitate primary screening and triaging COVID-19 and primary healthcare services for preventing COVID-19 and controlling NCDs. However, such screening and triaging COVID-19 by an RHS is important for cost-effective check-ups and for reducing the risk of transmission for unreached communities with various needs. In its existing functional form, deploying the PHC and related RHS technologies for socially distanced populations during a public health emergency, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, is beneficial in reducing the risk of transmission to frontline healthcare professionals.

title:
  Redesigning Portable Health Clinic Platform as a Remote Healthcare System to Tackle COVID-19 Pandemic Situation in Unreached Communities

abstract:
  Medical staff carry an inordinate risk of infection from patients, and many doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers are affected by COVID-19 worldwide. The unreached communities with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as chronic cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, digestive, or renal diseases became more vulnerable during this pandemic situation. In both cases, Remote Healthcare Systems (RHS) may help minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. This study used the WHO guidelines and Design Science Research (DSR) framework to redesign the Portable Health Clinic (PHC), an RHS, for the containment of the spread of COVID-19 as well as proposed corona logic (C-Logic) for the main symptoms of COVID-19. Using the distributed service platform of PHC, a trained healthcare worker with appropriate testing kits can screen high-risk individuals and can help optimize triage to medical services. PHC with its new triage algorithm (C-Logic) classifies the patients according to whether the patient needs to move to a clinic for a PCR test. Through modified PHC service, we can help people to boost their knowledge, attitude (feelings/beliefs), and self-efficacy to execute preventing measures. Our initial examination of the suitability of the PHC and its associated technologies as a key contributor to public health responses is designed to “flatten the curve”, particularly among unreached high-risk NCD populations in developing countries. Theoretically, this study contributes to design science research by introducing a modified healthcare providing model.


id: cord-271898-cct702cv
author: Duplaga, Mariusz
date: 2020-07-29
txt: ./txt/cord-271898-cct702cv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-271898-cct702cv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155459
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155459
summary:
  The main aim of this study was to assess the association between HL and eHL with the opinions about vaccinations and the introduction of the ST held by a representative sample of the adult Polish population. According to the systematic review published by Lopez et al., higher acceptance of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was associated most consistently with female gender and younger age of respondent parent, female gender of the adolescent, higher household income and previous childhood vaccinations [35] . Finally, the systematic review with a meta-analysis based on 20 papers reporting the results of 22 studies, published in 2019 by Eykelenboom et al., showed that 42% of the public supported the SSB tax; 39% accepted it as a measure to reduce obesity, and 66% supported it if the revenue is used for some type of health-improving initiative [70] .

title:
  The Acceptance of Key Public Health Interventions by the Polish Population Is Related to Health Literacy, But Not eHealth Literacy

abstract:
  Background: Public health and health promotion rely on many different interventions, which range from health education and communication, through community mobilisation and changes to environmental conditions, to legal and fiscal actions. The introduction of the increased tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), popularly called sugar tax (ST), and a mandatory programme of vaccinations are the strategies inciting the most vivid discussions in Polish society. The study was intended to assess the determinants of the attitudes of Polish society regarding the ST and to vaccinations. Methods: For the analysis, the data originating from the survey of a representative adult sample of Polish society (n = 1000) was used. The survey was based on computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI). The assessment of the relationships between the selected variables and the opinions about the introduction of the ST and the safety and effectiveness of vaccinations were carried out using the chi(2) test and univariate logistic regression models. Results: The acceptance of the ST and vaccination showed a significant relationship to the level of health literacy (HL) but not to eHealth literacy (eHL). Respondents having a higher rather than lower HL; older rather than younger; married rather than singles; retired, or on a disability pension, rather than vocationally active and nonusers of the Internet rather than users were more likely to show an acceptance for both interventions. Those more frequently using health care services and those with chronic diseases showed a greater belief in the safety and effectiveness of vaccinations. Conclusions: The relationship between the opinions of the two public health interventions analysed and the sociodemographic variables demonstrated similar patterns. Interestingly, the opinions were associated only with HL and not with eHL and users of the Internet were more sceptical about the interventions.


id: cord-272406-h22atwd4
title: The Principal at Risk: Stress and Organizing Mindfulness in the School Context
author: Diotaiuti, Pierluigi
date: 2020-08-31
txt: ./txt/cord-272406-h22atwd4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-272406-h22atwd4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32878001/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176318
summary:
  Methods: This study was voluntarily attended by 419 Italian school principals who were administered the Psychological Stress Measurement (MSP), Mindfulness Organizing Scale (MOS), Polychronic-Monochronic Tendency Scale (PMTS), and the Scale of Emotions at Work (SEW). The effect of depressive anxiety on perceived discomfort (ß = 0.517) found a protective mediator in the mindfulness component that recognizes the sharing as a fundamental operational tool (ß = −0.206), while an increasing sense of effort and confusion could significantly amplify the experience of psychological discomfort associated with the exercise of school leadership (ß = 0.254). The first analyses of our study have indicated that the general perception of the principal''s working discomfort presents on the one hand an association with the level of stress, which contributes to increase the value of the discomfort, and on the other hand an equally significant association with organizing Mindfulness, which can substantially limit the negative effects of stress on perceived discomfort.

abstract:
  Background: In recent years the role of school principals is becoming increasingly complex and responsible. Methods: This study was voluntarily attended by 419 Italian school principals who were administered the Psychological Stress Measurement (MSP), Mindfulness Organizing Scale (MOS), Polychronic-Monochronic Tendency Scale (PMTS), and the Scale of Emotions at Work (SEW). Results: The study has produced a path analysis model in which the relationships between the main predictors of principals’ work discomfort were explained. The effect of depressive anxiety on perceived discomfort (ß = 0.517) found a protective mediator in the mindfulness component that recognizes the sharing as a fundamental operational tool (ß = −0.206), while an increasing sense of effort and confusion could significantly amplify the experience of psychological discomfort associated with the exercise of school leadership (ß = 0.254). Conclusions: The model developed in this study suggests that focusing on organizing mindfulness can be a valuable guideline for interventions.


id: cord-272497-ww9o1kjr
author: Al-Anzi, Bader S.
date: 2020-09-25
txt: ./txt/cord-272497-ww9o1kjr.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-272497-ww9o1kjr.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32992809/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197016
summary:
  The current study aims to assess the trajectory of the recent pandemic due to the COVID-19 outbreak utilizing a new splitting methodology of the selected countries into two groups and developing regression-based and SIR-based statistical models and tools that depict the actual recorded data of COVID-19. Figure 1 was generated to show the recorded daily total infected cases of the world over a certain timeframe (22 January 2020 until present), which shows that the COVID-19 disease started to increase slowly until about 11 March and then accelerated at a faster speed afterwards. Figure 1 was generated to show the recorded daily total infected cases of the world over a certain timeframe (22 January 2020 until present), which shows that the COVID-19 disease started to increase slowly until about 11 March and then accelerated at a faster speed afterwards.

title:
  An Overview of the World Current and Future Assessment of Novel COVID-19 Trajectory, Impact, and Potential Preventive Strategies at Healthcare Settings

abstract:
  This study is an overview of the current and future trajectory, as well as the impact of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the world and selected countries including the state of Kuwait. The selected countries were divided into two groups: Group A (China, Switzerland, and Ireland) and Group B (USA, Brazil, and India) based on their outbreak containment of this virus. Then, the actual data for each country were fitted to a regression model utilizing the excel solver software to assess the current and future trajectory of novel COVID-19 and its impact. In addition, the data were fitted using the Susceptible–Infected–Recovered (SIR) Model. The Group A trajectory showed an “S” shape trend that suited a logistic function with r(2) > 0.97, which is an indication of the outbreak control. The SIR models for the countries in this group showed that they passed the expected 99% end of pandemic dates. Group B, however, exhibited a continuous increase of the total COVID-19 new cases, that best suited an exponential growth model with r(2) > 0.97, which meant that the outbreak is still uncontrolled. The SIR models for the countries in this group showed that they are still relatively far away from reaching the expected 97% end of pandemic dates. The maximum death percentage varied from 3.3% (India) to 7.2% with USA recording the highest death percentage, which is virtually equal to the maximum death percentage of the world (7.3%). The power of the exponential model determines the severity of the country’s trajectory that ranged from 11 to 19 with the USA and Brazil having the highest values. The maximum impact of this COVID-19 pandemic occurred during the uncontrolled stage (2), which mainly depended on the deceptive stage (1). Further, some novel potential containment strategies are discussed. Results from both models showed that the Group A countries contained the outbreak, whereas the Group B countries still have not reached this stage yet. Early measures and containment strategies are imperative in suppressing the spread of COVID-19.


id: cord-273565-0en2sl3q
author: Scarano, Antonio
date: 2020-06-27
txt: ./txt/cord-273565-0en2sl3q.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-273565-0en2sl3q.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134624
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134624
summary:
  title: Facial Skin Temperature and Discomfort When Wearing Protective Face Masks: Thermal Infrared Imaging Evaluation and Hands Moving the Mask The aim of the present study was to compare the facial skin temperature and the heat flow when wearing medical surgical masks to the same factors when wearing N95 respirators. Infrared thermal evaluation was performed to measure the facial temperature of the perioral region and the perception ratings related to the humidity, heat, breathing difficulty, and discomfort were recorded. The study results suggest that N95 respirators are able to induce an increased facial skin temperature, greater discomfort and lower wearing adherence when compared to the medical surgical masks. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate facial skin temperature, discomfort and hands moving the mask when wearing surgical masks or N95 respirators, with thermal Infrared Imaging.

title:
  Facial Skin Temperature and Discomfort When Wearing Protective Face Masks: Thermal Infrared Imaging Evaluation and Hands Moving the Mask

abstract:
  Individual respiratory protective devices and face masks represent critical tools in protecting health care workers in hospitals and clinics, and play a central role in decreasing the spread of the high-risk pandemic infection of 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The aim of the present study was to compare the facial skin temperature and the heat flow when wearing medical surgical masks to the same factors when wearing N95 respirators. A total of 20 subjects were recruited and during the evaluation, each subject was invited to wear a surgical mask or respirator for 1 h. The next day in the morning at the same hour, the same subject wore a N95 mask for 1 h with the same protocol. Infrared thermal evaluation was performed to measure the facial temperature of the perioral region and the perception ratings related to the humidity, heat, breathing difficulty, and discomfort were recorded. A significant difference in heat flow and perioral region temperature was recorded between the surgical mask and the N95 respirator (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference in humidity, heat, breathing difficulty, and discomfort was present between the groups. The study results suggest that N95 respirators are able to induce an increased facial skin temperature, greater discomfort and lower wearing adherence when compared to the medical surgical masks.


id: cord-274459-781by93r
title: Comprehensive Overview on Multiple Strategies Fighting COVID-19
author: Khalifa, Shaden A. M.
date: 2020-08-11
txt: ./txt/cord-274459-781by93r.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-274459-781by93r.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165813
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165813
summary:
  Our review aims to evaluate strategies of the most affected countries from different continents all over the world (China, Italy, Germany, France, Spain, America, Canada, Brazil, UK, India, Japan, Singapore, Iran, Korea, and Australia) for confronting the epidemic as it explains the best practices that could help other countries to overcome current or any upcoming pandemic. Most countries were forced to announce emergency measures to protect vulnerable people and block ways of transmission due to the continuous increase in confirmed cases by time as reported in Figure 3 [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] . Most countries were forced to announce emergency measures to protect vulnerable people and block ways of transmission due to the continuous increase in confirmed cases by time as reported in Figure 3 [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] .

abstract:
  Lately, myriad of novel viruses have emerged causing epidemics such as SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2, leading to high mortality rates worldwide. Thus, these viruses represented a challenging threat to mankind, especially considering the miniscule data available at our disposal regarding these novel viruses. The entire world established coordinative relations in research projects regarding drug and vaccine development on the external range, whereas on the internal range, all countries declared it an emergency case through imposing different restrictions related to their border control, large gatherings, school attendance, and most social activities. Pandemic combating plans prioritized all sectors including normal people, medical staff politicians, and scientists collectively shouldered the burden. Through planning and learning the previous lessons from SARS and MERS, healthcare systems could succeed in combating the viral spread and implications of these new pandemics. Different management strategies including social distance, social awareness and isolation represented successful ways to slow down the spread of the pandemic. Furthermore, pre-preparedness of some countries for emergencies is crucial to minimize the consequences of the crisis.


id: cord-274774-klystgj4
author: Huang, Naizhu
date: 2020-05-06
txt: ./txt/cord-274774-klystgj4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-274774-klystgj4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32384724/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093237
summary:
  title: How Incivility and Academic Stress Influence Psychological Health among College Students: The Moderating Role of Gratitude The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between incivility, academic stress, and psychological health, as well as investigate the moderating role of gratitude. Sample t-tests were used to examine whether there were gender differences in terms of four continuous variables: incivility, stress, gratitude, and psychological wellbeing. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test convergent and discriminant validities of main variables (i.e., incivility, academic stress, gratitude, and psychological distress). Using a sample of 895 students recruited from a university in South China, we investigated the relationships between incivility, academic stress, gratitude, and psychological distress. Using a sample of 895 students recruited from a university in South China, we investigated the relationships between incivility, academic stress, gratitude, and psychological distress. Moreover, we compared differences between male and female students with respect to incivility, academic stress, gratitude, and psychological distress.

title:
  How Incivility and Academic Stress Influence Psychological Health among College Students: The Moderating Role of Gratitude

abstract:
  Many students suffer from academic stress and uncivil behaviors at colleges and there is a need to identify to what extent these negative phenomena might impact students’ mental health. The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between incivility, academic stress, and psychological health, as well as investigate the moderating role of gratitude. The study design of this research is cross-sectional. The final sample consisted of 895 university students in China; The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 was utilized to conduct statistical analysis. Sample t-tests were used to examine whether there were gender differences in terms of four continuous variables: incivility, stress, gratitude, and psychological wellbeing. We also used multiple hierarchical linear regression analysis to test the relationships between the aforementioned four variables and the moderating effect of gratitude. The results of our study indicate that academic stress and incivility are positively associated with psychological distress, and gratitude moderates the relationship between incivility and psychological distress. However, no significant moderating effect of gratitude was found in the relationship between academic stress and psychological distress.


id: cord-274778-wds40e6i
author: Tejedor, Santiago
date: 2020-08-31
txt: ./txt/cord-274778-wds40e6i.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-274778-wds40e6i.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32878092/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176330
summary:
  title: Information on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Daily Newspapers'' Front Pages: Case Study of Spain and Italy The study analyzes 72 front pages of El País and El Mundo in Spain and Italy''s Corriere della Sera and La Repubblica, collecting 710 news items and 3456 data evidences employing a mixed method (both qualitative and quantitative) based on content analysis and hemerographic analysis. Based on the trust placed on the printed media-as the most credible and rigorous media-this research analyzes a total of 72 front pages of the main daily newspapers in Spain and Italy (36 each) . The research, based on previous studies [33] , analyzes a total of 710 news items extracted from 72 front pages of the four main daily newspapers of Spain and Italy (36 per country). Nonetheless, while in Spain it occupies 62% of the front page; in Italy COVID-19 related pieces cover a striking 80% of the information (see Figure 9 ).

title:
  Information on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Daily Newspapers’ Front Pages: Case Study of Spain and Italy

abstract:
  Spain and Italy are amongst the European countries where the COVID-19 pandemic has produced its major impact and where lockdown measures have been the harshest. This research aims at understanding how the corona crisis has been represented in Spanish and Italian media, focusing on reference newspapers. The study analyzes 72 front pages of El País and El Mundo in Spain and Italy’s Corriere della Sera and La Repubblica, collecting 710 news items and 3456 data evidences employing a mixed method (both qualitative and quantitative) based on content analysis and hemerographic analysis. Results show a predominance of informative journalistic genres (especially brief and news), while the visual framing emerging from the photographic choice, tend to foster humanization through an emotional representation of the pandemic. Politicians are the most represented actors, showing a high degree of politicization of the crisis.


id: cord-275711-ejw3ausf
author: Mon-López, Daniel
date: 2020-09-05
txt: ./txt/cord-275711-ejw3ausf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-275711-ejw3ausf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32899526/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186471
summary:
  This study is one of the first to analyse the impact of the isolation period caused by COVID-19 on the training (intensity and volume) and recovery conditions (quantity and quality of sleep) of professional and non-professional handball players according to the influence of transitory psychological factors (moods) and personality trait (emotional intelligence and resilience). Based on the results yielded: (i) training and recovery conditions of the handball players were modified during the isolation period, reducing the intensity-RPE (in the whole sample), volume-Tdays and Thours (especially in professional female handball players) and sleep quality-Squality (especially in professional male handball players) and increasing sleep hours-Shours (especially in non-professional female players); and (ii) the psychological factors analysed (mood, emotional intelligence, and resilience) had an impact on training and recovery conditions, except for sleep quantity, during the Covid-19 lockdown.

title:
  The Impact of Covid-19 and the Effect of Psychological Factors on Training Conditions of Handball Players

abstract:
  The spread of COVID-19 has altered sport in Spain, forcing athletes to train at home. The objectives of the study were: (i) to compare training and recovery conditions before and during the isolation period in handball players according to gender and competitive level, and (ii) to analyse the impact of psychological factors during the isolation period. A total of 187 participants (66 women and 121 men) answered a Google Forms questionnaire about demographics, training, moods, emotional intelligence, and resilience sent using the snowball sampling technique. T-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare sport level and gender differences. Linear regressions were used to analyse the psychological influence on training. Handball players reduced training intensity (in the whole sample; p = 0.44), training volume (especially in professional female handball players; p < 0.001), and sleep quality (especially in professional male handball players; p = 0.21) and increased sleep hours (especially in non-professional female players; p = 0.006) during the isolation period. Furthermore, psychological factors affected all evaluated training and recovery conditions during the quarantine, except for sleep quantity. Mood, emotional intelligence, and resilience have an influence on physical activity levels and recovery conditions. In addition, training components were modified under isolation conditions at p < 0.001. We conclude that the COVID-19 isolation period caused reductions in training volume and intensity and decreased sleep quality. Furthermore, psychological components have a significant impact on training and recovery conditions.


id: cord-277077-kwaiorp8
author: Tița, Ovidiu
date: 2020-10-19
txt: ./txt/cord-277077-kwaiorp8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-277077-kwaiorp8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33086508/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207588
summary:
  The main purpose of this paper is to create a yoghurt with high antioxidant capacity, using only raw materials from Romania; (2) Methods: The bioactive components used to enrich the cow milk yoghurt were extracted as volatile oils out of four aromatic plants: basil, mint, lavender and fennel. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhy-drazyl (DPPH) method was used to determine the antioxidant activity; (3) Results: The results show that cow milk yoghurt enhanced with volatile oils of basil, lavender, mint and fennel, encapsulated in sodium alginate has an antioxidant and antimicrobial effect as a staple food with multiple effects in increasing the body''s immunity. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of volatile fennel oil is offered by the high content of trans-anethole (63.30%), pinene (11.11%) and fenchone (8.32%) [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an aromatic plant that belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is considered a rich source of essential oils.

title:
  Use of Yoghurt Enhanced with Volatile Plant Oils Encapsulated in Sodium Alginate to Increase the Human Body’s Immunity in the Present Fight Against Stress

abstract:
  (1) Background: The COVID–19 pandemic and the imposition of strict but necessary measures to prevent the spread of the new coronavirus have been, and still are, major stress factors for adults, children, and adolescents. Stress harms human health as it creates free radicals in the human body. According to various recent studies, volatile oils from various aromatic plants have a high content of antioxidants and antimicrobial compounds. An external supply of antioxidants is required to destroy these free radicals. The main purpose of this paper is to create a yoghurt with high antioxidant capacity, using only raw materials from Romania; (2) Methods: The bioactive components used to enrich the cow milk yoghurt were extracted as volatile oils out of four aromatic plants: basil, mint, lavender and fennel. Initially, the compounds were extracted to determine the antioxidant capacity, and subsequently, the antioxidant activity of the yoghurt was determined. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhy-drazyl (DPPH) method was used to determine the antioxidant activity; (3) Results: The results show that cow milk yoghurt enhanced with volatile oils of basil, lavender, mint and fennel, encapsulated in sodium alginate has an antioxidant and antimicrobial effect as a staple food with multiple effects in increasing the body’s immunity. The antioxidant activity proved to be considerably higher than the control sample. The highest antioxidant activity was obtained on the first day of the analysis, decreasing onwards to measurements taken on days 10 and 20. The cow milk yoghurt enriched with volatile basil oil obtained the best results; (4) Conclusions: The paper shows that yoghurts with a high antioxidant capacity were obtained, using only raw materials from Romania. A healthy diet, compliance with safety conditions and finding appropriate and safe methods to increase the body’s immunity is a good alternative to a major transition through harder times, such as pandemics. The creation of food products that include natural antioxidant compounds combines both the current great possibility of developing food production in Romania and the prevention and reduction of the effects caused by pandemic stress in the human body.


id: cord-277228-zk4arqw5
title: Preparedness of Frontline Doctors in Jordan Healthcare Facilities to COVID-19 Outbreak
author: Suleiman, Aiman
date: 2020-05-02
txt: ./txt/cord-277228-zk4arqw5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-277228-zk4arqw5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32370275/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093181
summary:
  The questionnaire was designed to evaluate preparedness according to knowledge about virus transmission and protective measures, adherence to protection guidelines, and psychological impacts affecting doctors. Doctors having institutional protocols for dealing with COVID-19 cases and those with sustained availability of PPE reported higher scores of preparedness (5.5 ± 2.3 and 6.2 ± 2.1 with p < 0.001, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the preparedness of frontline doctors to COVID-19 outbreak in Jordan and in the Middle East. Independent t-test was used to investigate for significant associations between self-reported preparedness score, knowledge score, and adherence score with gender, presence of institutional protocol for dealing with COVID-19 patients, availability of PPE, psychological interactions, institutional support, and previously dealing with COVID-19-positive or suspected patients. Institutional preparedness is reflected by making safety measures available for doctors and by providing clear protocols to deal with COVID-19 patients.

abstract:
  The number of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease of 2019) cases in Jordan is rising rapidly. A serious threat to the healthcare system appears on the horizon. Our study aims to evaluate preparedness of Jordanian frontline doctors to the worsening scenario. It has a questionnaire-based cross-sectional structure. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate preparedness according to knowledge about virus transmission and protective measures, adherence to protection guidelines, and psychological impacts affecting doctors. Institutional factors affecting doctors’ readiness like adopting approach protocols and making protection equipment available were investigated; 308 doctors from different healthcare facilities participated (response rate: 53.9%). Approximately 25% of doctors (n = 77) previously took care of COVID-19 patients, and 173 (56.2%) have institutional COVID-19 approach protocols. Only 57 doctors (18.5%) reported all PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) available. The self-reported score of preparedness to deal with COVID-19 patients was 4.9 ± 2.4. Doctors having institutional protocols for dealing with COVID-19 cases and those with sustained availability of PPE reported higher scores of preparedness (5.5 ± 2.3 and 6.2 ± 2.1 with p < 0.001, respectively). Correlations with knowledge score, adherence to PPE score, and psychological impacts were investigated. The study revealed multiple challenges and insufficiencies that can affect frontline doctors’ preparedness. Policy makers are urged to take these findings into consideration and to act promptly.


id: cord-277558-w2srv5em
title: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Insurance Industry
author: Babuna, Pius
date: 2020-08-10
txt: ./txt/cord-277558-w2srv5em.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-277558-w2srv5em.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784978/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165766
summary:
  This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on the insurance industry by studying the case of Ghana from March to June 2020. Due to the cancellation of travels, events and other economic losses, the Ghanaian insurance industry witnessed a loss currently estimated at GH Ȼ112 million. Abstract: This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on the insurance industry by studying the case of Ghana from March to June 2020. Due to the cancellation of travels, events and other economic losses, the Ghanaian insurance industry witnessed a loss currently estimated at GH Novel origin of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus nucleoprotein gene segment Novel swine-origin influenza virus A (H1N1): The first pandemic of the 21st century The Ebola epidemic: A global health emergency Newly discovered ebola virus associated with hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Uganda Assessing the Impact of a Pandemic on the Life Insurance Industry in South Africa

abstract:
  This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on the insurance industry by studying the case of Ghana from March to June 2020. With a parallel comparison to previous pandemics such as SARS-CoV, H1N1 and MERS, we developed outlines for simulating the impact of the pandemic on the insurance industry. The study used qualitative and quantitative interviews to estimate the impact of the pandemic. Presently, the trend is an economic recession with decreasing profits but increasing claims. Due to the cancellation of travels, events and other economic losses, the Ghanaian insurance industry witnessed a loss currently estimated at GH Ȼ112 million. Our comparison and forecast predicts a normalization of economic indicators from January 2021. In the meantime, while the pandemic persists, insurers should adapt to working from remote locations, train and equip staff to work under social distancing regulations, enhance cybersecurity protocols and simplify claims/premium processing using e-payment channels. It will require the collaboration of the Ghana Ministry of Health, Banking Sector, Police Department, Customs Excise and Preventive Service, other relevant Ministries and the international community to bring the pandemic to a stop.


id: cord-278870-pct184oa
author: Finell, Eerika
date: 2020-10-19
txt: ./txt/cord-278870-pct184oa.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-278870-pct184oa.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207623
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207623
summary:
  title: The Combined Effect of Perceived COVID-19 Infection Risk at Work and Identification with Work Community on Psychosocial Wellbeing among Finnish Social Sector and Health Care Workers We examined the combined effect of perceived risk associated with COVID-19 infection at work and work community identification on psychosocial well-being (i.e., frequency of stress symptoms) among health care and social sector workers in Finland (N = 1279). Thus, when occupational organizations consider protective strategies against stress that is related to COVID-19 infection risk at work among social sector and health care workers, promoting identification with their work community might be one key protective factor that can buffer this stress. This article analyses the combined effect of the perceived risk associated with COVID-19 infection at work with work community identification on psychosocial well-being (i.e., frequency of stress symptoms) among health care and social sector workers in Finland.

title:
  The Combined Effect of Perceived COVID-19 Infection Risk at Work and Identification with Work Community on Psychosocial Wellbeing among Finnish Social Sector and Health Care Workers

abstract:
  It has been well documented that both risk perception and group identification are related to psychosocial well-being. However, their combined effect has rarely been analyzed. We examined the combined effect of perceived risk associated with COVID-19 infection at work and work community identification on psychosocial well-being (i.e., frequency of stress symptoms) among health care and social sector workers in Finland (N = 1279). Data were collected via an online questionnaire in June 2020 and analyses of covariance were conducted. Perceived COVID-19 infection risk at work was classified into high, medium and low risk. In total, 41% of participants reported a high risk. After all background variables were included, participants who reported high perceived infection risk and low work community identification reported stress symptoms more often than those who reported high perceived risk and high identification (p = 0.010). Similarly, the former differed significantly from all other comparison groups (medium and low risk, p < 0.001), being the most stressed. We found that perceived infection risk and work community identification were not related to each other. Our conclusion is that high work community identification can buffer employee stress when faced with a high perceived health risk. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, work organizations with a high infection risk should advance the possibility of employees’ identification with their work community.


id: cord-279116-auo80gaq
author: Vallejo-Martín, Macarena
date: 2020-09-03
txt: ./txt/cord-279116-auo80gaq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-279116-auo80gaq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176411
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176411
summary:
  title: Prejudice and Feeling of Threat towards Syrian Refugees: The Moderating Effects of Precarious Employment and Perceived Low Outgroup Morality In this research study, using a Spanish sample, prejudice towards Syrian refugees is analyzed taking into account feeling of threat (realistic or symbolic), precarious employment, and perceived outgroup morality. Nevertheless, until now there have been no studies that have taken an analysis of outgroup threat in relation to prejudice towards refugees into account in the Spanish context, with this being an essential variable for the understanding of intergroup relations, formation of negative stereotypes towards outgroups [13] [14] [15] and as such, for mental health and psychological wellbeing. In this study, we seek to determine the role of outgroup threat in its two dimensions, realistic and symbolic, in the ethnic prejudice of the Spanish population towards Syrian refugees.

title:
  Prejudice and Feeling of Threat towards Syrian Refugees: The Moderating Effects of Precarious Employment and Perceived Low Outgroup Morality

abstract:
  Refugees frequently experience traumatic situations that result in the deterioration of their psychological well-being. In addition, perceived prejudice and discrimination against them by the host society can worsen their mental health. In this research study, using a Spanish sample, prejudice towards Syrian refugees is analyzed taking into account feeling of threat (realistic or symbolic), precarious employment, and perceived outgroup morality. Using a total of 365 participants, our results reveal that individuals feel more prejudice towards refugees when the former scored higher in realistic threat and symbolic threat, were in a highly precarious situation of employment and perceived refugees as being more immoral. Furthermore, it was found that persons who scored high in realistic threat and at the same time were in a situation of precarious employment, were those who displayed greater prejudice. The results likewise pointed to individuals who scored high in symbolic threat and in outgroup morality as being those who felt greater rejection towards the refugees. Accordingly, our results confirm the importance of feeling of threat in relation to prejudice, and highlight two important moderating factors: precarious employment and perceived outgroup morality.


id: cord-279864-5ouuu49v
author: Hou, Jing
date: 2020-06-07
txt: ./txt/cord-279864-5ouuu49v.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-279864-5ouuu49v.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32517360/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114069
summary:
  title: Children''s Respiratory Infections in Tianjin Area, China: Associations with Home Environments and Lifestyles We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Tianjin area, China to quantify the incidence of respiratory infections among children, and its association with home environments and lifestyles. Household activities and environmental exposure at home are suspected risk factors for respiratory infections among children, especially in low income countries [7] . Exposure to home indoor air pollutants such as ETS [18] and chemical sources [19] have also been reported to be associated with respiratory infections among children. Dampness, condensation on windowpanes, moldy/perceived dry air, modern decoration materials and less frequency of sun-curing bed sheets were the greatest risk factors for croup, pneumonia, ear infections and common colds. It was found that modern floor covering, perceived dry air (a proxy of indoor pollution), condensation on windowpanes (a proxy of poor ventilation), less sun-curing bedsheets and cesarean delivery are significantly associated with childhood infections.

title:
  Children’s Respiratory Infections in Tianjin Area, China: Associations with Home Environments and Lifestyles

abstract:
  Children spend most of their indoors time at home, which may have substantial influence on their health. We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Tianjin area, China to quantify the incidence of respiratory infections among children, and its association with home environments and lifestyles. The lifetime-ever incidences of croup, pneumonia and ear infection among children aged 0–8 in Tianjin area was 9.2%, 28.7% and 11.6%, respectively. The incidence of common cold infections more than twice per year was 31.3%. Home environments and lifestyles included strong risk factors for childhood respiratory infections. Perceived dry air had the greatest association with childhood common colds (population attributable fraction (PAF = 15.0%). Modern floor covering had the greatest association with croup (PAF = 14.7%) and ear infection (PAF = 34.5%), while infrequent bedding sun-curing had the greatest association with pneumonia (PAF = 18.7%). Condensation (a proxy of poor ventilation) accounted for 12.2% of the incidence of croup (PAF = 12.2%) and frequent common colds (PAF = 8.4%). Our findings indicate that factors related to “modern” home environments and lifestyles are risks for childhood respiratory infections. Modifying such factors might reduce the incidence of respiratory infections among children.


id: cord-281741-wzsrqc7p
author: Xu, Bo
date: 2019-04-05
txt: ./txt/cord-281741-wzsrqc7p.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-281741-wzsrqc7p.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071223
doi: 10.3390/ijerph16071223
summary:
  To investigate the quantitative relationships between epidemic characteristics (e.g., cumulative incidence, onset week, and duration) and socioeconomic factors, including Urban ratio, PopDensity, PGDP, Income, Hospital, Hos-bed, Doctor, College, MidSchool, PriSchool, CollegeStu, MidSchoolStu, PriSchoolStu, and Pig, as well as the network structure parameters of the city vertices calculated above and to quantify the contribution of road transportation and the spatial distance to the spread of the influenza virus, we used spatial autoregressive models [33] performed in MATLAB. To investigate the quantitative relationships between epidemic characteristics (e.g., cumulative incidence, onset week, and duration) and socioeconomic factors, including Urban ratio, PopDensity, PGDP, Income, Hospital, Hos-bed, Doctor, College, MidSchool, PriSchool, CollegeStu, MidSchoolStu, PriSchoolStu, and Pig, as well as the network structure parameters of the city vertices calculated above and to quantify the contribution of road transportation and the spatial distance to the spread of the influenza virus, we used spatial autoregressive models [33] performed in MATLAB.

title:
  Impacts of Road Traffic Network and Socioeconomic Factors on the Diffusion of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in Mainland China

abstract:
  The 2009 pandemic influenza virus caused the majority of the influenza A virus infections in China in 2009. It arrived in several Chinese cities from imported cases and then spread as people travelled domestically by all means of transportation, among which road traffic was the most commonly used for daily commuting. Spatial variation in socioeconomic status not only accelerates migration across regions but also partly induces the differences in epidemic processes and in responses to epidemics across regions. However, the roles of both road travel and socioeconomic factors have not received the attention they deserve. Here, we constructed a national highway network for and between 333 cities in mainland China and extracted epidemiological variables and socioeconomic factors for each city. We calculated classic centrality measures for each city in the network and proposed two new measures (SumRatio and Multicenter Distance). We evaluated the correlation between the centrality measures and epidemiological features and conducted a spatial autoregression to quantify the impacts of road network and socioeconomic factors during the outbreak. The results showed that epidemics had more significant relationships with both our new measures than the classic ones. Higher population density, higher per person income, larger SumRatio and Multicenter Distance, more hospitals and college students, and lower per person GDP were associated with higher cumulative incidence. Higher population density and number of slaughtered pigs were found to advance epidemic arrival time. Higher population density, more colleges and slaughtered pigs, and lower Multicenter Distance were associated with longer epidemic duration. In conclusion, road transport and socioeconomic status had significant impacts and should be considered for the prevention and control of future pandemics.


id: cord-281961-5mdiwzvc
author: de las Heras-Pedrosa, Carlos
date: 2020-07-31
txt: ./txt/cord-281961-5mdiwzvc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-281961-5mdiwzvc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155542
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155542
summary:
  This study examines how social media has affected risk communication in uncertain contexts and its impact on the emotions and sentiments derived from the semantic analysis in Spanish society during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study has allowed for the Some reasons include political parties'' criticism of the government''s management, contradictions of the experts, the constant increase of infected and dead, Spain being among the most affected countries, the state of confinement suffered by society not always in the best conditions, the anxiety of not having financial resources, the population''s insecurity in the face of a public health crisis with global effects that are caused by millions of infected people and hundreds of thousands of deaths in the world.

title:
  Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Understanding during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain and Its Impact on Digital Ecosystems

abstract:
  COVID-19 has changed our lives forever. The world we knew until now has been transformed and nowadays we live in a completely new scenario in a perpetual restructuring transition, in which the way we live, relate, and communicate with others has been altered permanently. Within this context, risk communication is playing a decisive role when informing, transmitting, and channeling the flow of information in society. COVID-19 has posed a real pandemic risk management challenge in terms of impact, preparedness, response, and mitigation by governments, health organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), mass media, and stakeholders. In this study, we monitored the digital ecosystems during March and April 2020, and we obtained a sample of 106,261 communications through the analysis of APIs and Web Scraping techniques. This study examines how social media has affected risk communication in uncertain contexts and its impact on the emotions and sentiments derived from the semantic analysis in Spanish society during the COVID-19 pandemic.


id: cord-283175-kh2rm2ir
author: Roma, Paolo
date: 2020-10-04
txt: ./txt/cord-283175-kh2rm2ir.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-283175-kh2rm2ir.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33020395/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197252
summary:
  Perceived efficacy has been studied in relation to a variety of general health measures, including engaging in physical activity, receiving vaccinations, and complying with medical treatment among psychiatric outpatients [11] [12] [13] ; the literature suggests that it is a key determinant for compliance with preventive health behaviors and that "only when a person feels that the recommended behavior is likely to lead to the desired outcome will adoption of the recommendations occur" ( [14] , p. In this vein, the present study sought to explore the relationship between civic engagement (specifically, civic attitudes), perceived efficacy, self-efficacy, and compliance with protective health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this vein, the present study sought to explore the relationship between civic engagement (specifically, civic attitudes), perceived efficacy, self-efficacy, and compliance with protective health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.

title:
  How to Improve Compliance with Protective Health Measures during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model and Machine Learning Algorithms

abstract:
  In the wake of the sudden spread of COVID-19, a large amount of the Italian population practiced incongruous behaviors with the protective health measures. The present study aimed at examining psychological and psychosocial variables that could predict behavioral compliance. An online survey was administered from 18–22 March 2020 to 2766 participants. Paired sample t-tests were run to compare efficacy perception with behavioral compliance. Mediation and moderated mediation models were constructed to explore the association between perceived efficacy and compliance, mediated by self-efficacy and moderated by risk perception and civic attitudes. Machine learning algorithms were trained to predict which individuals would be more likely to comply with protective measures. Results indicated significantly lower scores in behavioral compliance than efficacy perception. Risk perception and civic attitudes as moderators rendered the mediating effect of self-efficacy insignificant. Perceived efficacy on the adoption of recommended behaviors varied in accordance with risk perception and civic engagement. The 14 collected variables, entered as predictors in machine learning models, produced an ROC area in the range of 0.82–0.91 classifying individuals as high versus low compliance. Overall, these findings could be helpful in guiding age-tailored information/advertising campaigns in countries affected by COVID-19 and directing further research on behavioral compliance.


id: cord-283398-wplz8o2k
author: Sanders, Chris
date: 2020-06-13
txt: ./txt/cord-283398-wplz8o2k.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-283398-wplz8o2k.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124227
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124227
summary:
  Through this scoping review, we seek to enter into this conversation regarding barriers to obtaining PID by highlighting the ways in which the problems posed by a lack of PID are particularly pronounced for people living in rural, northern, and remote access communities-people whom we already know experience poorer health outcomes than residents in metropolitan and suburban areas, and whom to date have been largely ignored in the scholarship [8] . In Canada, for instance, Indigenous people make up a significant proportion of the population in the rural and provincial north, and further clarity is needed on the unique PID problems facing this population, such as birth registration and the acquisition of birth certificates, as well as the difficulties of obtaining PID in areas with extremely limited access to state social and health services [6] .

title:
  “You Need ID to Get ID”: A Scoping Review of Personal Identification as a Barrier to and Facilitator of the Social Determinants of Health in North America

abstract:
  Personal identification (PID) is an important, if often overlooked, barrier to accessing the social determinants of health for many marginalized people in society. A scoping review was undertaken to explore the range of research addressing the role of PID in the social determinants of health in North America, barriers to acquiring and maintaining PID, and to identify gaps in the existing research. A systematic search of academic and gray literature was performed, and a thematic analysis of the included studies (n = 31) was conducted. The themes identified were: (1) gaining and retaining identification, (2) access to health and social services, and (3) facilitating identification programs. The findings suggest a paucity of research on PID services and the role of PID in the social determinants of health. We contend that research is urgently required to build a more robust understanding of existing PID service models, particularly in rural contexts, as well as on barriers to accessing and maintaining PID, especially among the most marginalized groups in society.


id: cord-283514-7rjo9k4d
author: Šagát, Peter
date: 2020-10-06
txt: ./txt/cord-283514-7rjo9k4d.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-283514-7rjo9k4d.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33036287/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197302
summary:
  title: Impact of COVID-19Quarantine on Low Back Pain Intensity, Prevalence, and Associated Risk Factors among Adult Citizens Residing in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia): A Cross-Sectional Study This study aimed to estimate the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quarantine on low back pain (LBP) intensity, prevalence, and associated risk factors among adults in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia). Furthermore, during the quarantine, a significantly higher LBP intensity was reported by those individuals who (a) were aged between 35 and 49 years old, (b) had a body mass index equal to or exceeding 30, (c) underwent higher levels of stress, (d) did not comply with the ergonomic recommendations, (e) were sitting for long periods, (f) did not practice enough physical activity (PA), and (g) underwent teleworking or distance learning. In this context, the present study''s purpose was to estimate the effect of the mentioned quarantine on LBP intensity, prevalence, and risk factors among adult citizens residing in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia).

title:
  Impact of COVID-19Quarantine on Low Back Pain Intensity, Prevalence, and Associated Risk Factors among Adult Citizens Residing in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia): A Cross-Sectional Study

abstract:
  This study aimed to estimate the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quarantine on low back pain (LBP) intensity, prevalence, and associated risk factors among adults in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia). A total of 463 adults (259 males and 204 females) aged between 18 and 64 years and residing in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) participated in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered structured questionnaire composed of 20 questions regarding demographic characteristics, work- and academic-related aspects, physical activity (PA), daily habits and tasks, and pain-related aspects was used. The LBP point prevalence before the quarantine was 38.8%, and 43.8% after the quarantine. The LBP intensity significantly increased during the quarantine. The low back was also the most common musculoskeletal pain area. Furthermore, during the quarantine, a significantly higher LBP intensity was reported by those individuals who (a) were aged between 35 and 49 years old, (b) had a body mass index equal to or exceeding 30, (c) underwent higher levels of stress, (d) did not comply with the ergonomic recommendations, (e) were sitting for long periods, (f) did not practice enough physical activity (PA), and (g) underwent teleworking or distance learning. No significant differences were found between genders. The COVID-19 quarantine resulted in a significant increase in LBP intensity, point prevalence, and most associated risk factors.


id: cord-283537-49ic7p3u
author: Chong, Ka Chun
date: 2015-01-28
txt: ./txt/cord-283537-49ic7p3u.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-283537-49ic7p3u.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120201560
doi: 10.3390/ijerph120201560
summary:
  Here we identified potential meteorological factors that drove the seasonal variations in influenza infections in a subtropical city, Hong Kong. From the results, air temperature was a common significant driver of seasonal patterns and cold temperature was associated with an increase in transmission intensity for most of the influenza epidemics. In this study, meteorological determinants that could drive the seasonal variations of influenza in Hong Kong were investigated by a mathematical model. The weekly average of meteorological parameters: air temperature, relative humidity, total rainfall, total solar radiation, wind direction, and wind speed from 2002 to 2009 were collected from the Hong Kong Observatory. Through modulating the transmission rates by the meteorological factors in an infectious disease model, the seasonal variations of influenza infections could be well-depicted. This study identified the potential meteorological drivers for the seasonal variations of influenza in a subtropical city, Hong Kong.

title:
  Identifying Meteorological Drivers for the Seasonal Variations of Influenza Infections in a Subtropical City — Hong Kong

abstract:
  Compared with temperate areas, the understanding of seasonal variations of influenza infections is lacking in subtropical and tropical regions. Insufficient information about viral activity increases the difficulty of forecasting the disease burden and thus hampers official preparation efforts. Here we identified potential meteorological factors that drove the seasonal variations in influenza infections in a subtropical city, Hong Kong. We fitted the meteorological data and influenza mortality data from 2002 to 2009 in a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered model. From the results, air temperature was a common significant driver of seasonal patterns and cold temperature was associated with an increase in transmission intensity for most of the influenza epidemics. Except 2004, the fitted models with significant meteorological factors could account for more than 10% of the variance in additional to the null model. Rainfall was also found to be a significant driver of seasonal influenza, although results were less robust. The identified meteorological indicators could alert officials to take appropriate control measures for influenza epidemics, such as enhancing vaccination activities before cold seasons. Further studies are required to fully justify the associations.


id: cord-283771-hh4p7cg3
author: Ku-Yuan, Lee
date: 2014-06-04
txt: ./txt/cord-283771-hh4p7cg3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-283771-hh4p7cg3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24901413/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph110605934
summary:
  [10] argued that knowledge, especially objective knowledge, would affect attitude and enhance self-efficacy (perceived behavioral control, PBC), but they did not test the correlation between subjective knowledge and TPB. In other words, this study hypothesizes that favorable attitudes, high subjective norms, and good perceived behavioral control enhance the behavioral intention of rabies vaccination. Four sections evaluated attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention as to whether owners would take their dogs to receive the rabies vaccine injection. For this study, we used SEM to verify whether TPB can explain the intention of people to have their dogs vaccinated and whether knowledge of rabies can positively affect people''s attitude and perceived behavioral control. Therefore, people who had a more positive attitude, stronger subjective norms, and more perceptive behavioral control would have stronger behavioral intention to take their dogs for vaccination against rabies.

title:
  How to Reduce the Latent Social Risk of Disease: The Determinants of Vaccination against Rabies in Taiwan

abstract:
  To control the latent social risk of disease, the government usually spreads accurate information and attempts to improve the public’s attitude toward adopting prevention. However, these methods with the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) model do not always work. Therefore, we used the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to understand dog owners’ behavior and distinguished the knowledge effect as objective knowledge (OK) and subjective knowledge (SK). A total of 310 dog owners completed a questionnaire based on our model. We employed structural equation modeling to verify the structural relationships and found three main results. First, our model was fit, and each path was significant. People with better attitudes, stronger subjective norms, and more perceptive behavioral control have stronger behavioral intention. Second, perceived behavioral control, not attitude, was the best predictive index in this model. Finally, on perceived behavioral control, subjective knowledge showed more influence than objective knowledge. We successfully extended TPB to explain the behavioral intention of dog owners and presented more workable recommendations. To reduce the latent social risk of disease, the government should not only address dog owners’ attitudes, but also their subjective norms and perceptive behavioral control. Indeed, perceptive behavioral control and SK showed the most influence in this model. It is implied that the self-efficacy of dog owners is the most important factor in such a behavior. Therefore, the government should focus on enhancing dog owners’ self-efficacy first while devoted to prevention activities.


id: cord-284272-68ykes60
author: Suso-Ribera, Carlos
date: 2020-06-18
txt: ./txt/cord-284272-68ykes60.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-284272-68ykes60.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32570832/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124382
summary:
  Therefore, the goal of the present study is to investigate the emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to the extent to which a comprehensive set of socio-demographic, behavioral, and personality/cognitive correlate with well-being just at the beginning of the quarantine in Spain (first three days). Status during the Beginning of the Quarantine (First Three Days) and Comparison with Data from the General Population Before the Quarantine As indicated in Table 3 , participants in the present study reported more depressed mood (t = 5.79, p < 0.001, d = 0.30) and anger (t = 4.81, p < 0.001, d = 0.25), as well as less vigor (t = −12.49, p < 0.001, d = 0.69) and friendliness (t = −9.41, p < 0.001, d = 0.47) compared to data from the general population previous to the current COVID-19 crisis [17] .

title:
  How Much Support Is There for the Recommendations Made to the General Population during Confinement? A Study during the First Three Days of the COVID–19 Quarantine in Spain

abstract:
  Background: Recommendations on lifestyles during quarantine have been proposed by researchers and institutions since the COVID–19 crisis emerged. However, most of these have never been tested under real quarantine situations or derive from older investigations conducted mostly in China and Canada in the face of infections other than COVID–19. The present study aimed at exploring the relationship between a comprehensive set of recommended lifestyles, socio–demographic, and personality variables and mood during the first stages of quarantine. Methods: A virtual snow–ball recollection technique was used to disseminate the survey across the general population in Spain starting the first day of mandatory quarantine (15 March 2020) until three days later (17 March). In total, 2683 Spanish adults (mean age = 34.86 years, SD = 13.74 years; 77.7% women) from the general population completed measures on socio–demographic, COVID–related, behavioral, personality/cognitive, and mood characteristics. Results: In the present study, depression and anger were higher than levels reported in a previous investigation before the COVID–19 crisis, while vigor, friendliness, and fatigue were lower. Anxiety levels were comparable. The expected direction of associations was confirmed for the majority of predictors. However, effect sizes were generally small and only a subset of them correlated to most outcomes. Intolerance of unpleasant emotions, neuroticism, and, to a lesser extent, agreeableness, sleep quality, young age, and time spent Internet surfing were the most robust and strongest correlates of mood states. Conclusions: Some recommended lifestyles (i.e., maintaining good quality of sleep and reducing Internet surfing) might be more important than others during the first days of quarantine. Promoting tolerance to unpleasant emotions (e.g., through online, self–managed programs) might also be of upmost importance. So far, recommendations have been made in general, but certain subgroups (e.g., certain personality profiles and young adults) might be especially vulnerable and should receive more attention.


id: cord-285223-07o9irev
author: Malik, Usman Rashid
date: 2020-09-02
txt: ./txt/cord-285223-07o9irev.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-285223-07o9irev.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32887410/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176395
summary:
  title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Professionals on COVID-19 and Risk Assessment to Prevent the Epidemic Spread: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study from Punjab, Pakistan A 39-itemed questionnaire based on the World Health Organization (WHO)COVID-19 risk assessment tool was shared with healthcare professionals in three purposively selected key divisions of Punjab province. Avoiding cross-infection from patients along with effective care delivery can be achieved if the healthcare professionals, including physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and other medical staff, have sufficient knowledge, a positive attitude, and better practices about COVID-19. A recent study reported the deficiencies in the awareness and preparedness of medical professionals regarding COVID-19 in Pakistan and demonstrated that frontline health workers were not well-prepared to prevent and control the infection [14] . A cross-sectional study to examine the knowledge, attitude, practices, and risk assessment of HCPs regarding coronavirus and its associated disease (COVID-19) was conducted.

title:
  Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Professionals on COVID-19 and Risk Assessment to Prevent the Epidemic Spread: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study from Punjab, Pakistan

abstract:
  In the current outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19), healthcare professionals (HCPs) have a primary role in combating the epidemic threat. HCPs are at high risk of not only contracting the infection but also spreading it unknowingly. It is of utmost importance to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) and the ability to assess the risks associated with the outbreak. A cross-sectional online survey involving physicians, pharmacists, and nurses was conducted. A 39-itemed questionnaire based on the World Health Organization (WHO)COVID-19 risk assessment tool was shared with healthcare professionals in three purposively selected key divisions of Punjab province. Out of 500 healthcare professionals, 385 responded to the survey. The majority (70%) were aged 22–29 years; 144 (37.4%) physicians, 113 (29.4%) nurses, and 128 (33.2%) pharmacists completed the survey. Overall, 94.8% of healthcare professionals scored adequately (>14) for COVID-19-related knowledge; 97.9% displayed an optimistic attitude (>42) and 94.5% had an adequate practice score (>28). Kruskal–Wallis and Jonckheere–Terpstra tests showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in KAP and risk assessment scores among groups; physicians and nurses scored higher as compared to pharmacists. Further research and follow-up investigations on disaster management and risk assessment can help policy-makers better tackle future epidemics.


id: cord-285386-kvo544hh
author: Wen, Ya
date: 2020-06-23
txt: ./txt/cord-285386-kvo544hh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-285386-kvo544hh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32585938/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124511
summary:
  Some studies have found that entrepreneurial passion has a mediating role in the relationship between self-efficacy and sustainability, indicating that emotion has an important value in entrepreneurship [67] ; based on the Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (FSQCA), some researchers conducted causal and effective decision tests on the structural effects of entrepreneurial passion, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and risk perception [68] . It is of positive value to study the emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial self-efficacy of vocational college students for the development of entrepreneurial education. This study explores the entrepreneurial self-efficacy and emotional intelligence of a sample of Chinese vocational college students. This study explores the entrepreneurial self-efficacy and emotional intelligence of a sample of Chinese vocational college students. First, our research showed that there is a positive correlation between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and emotional intelligence reported by vocational college students. First, our research showed that there is a positive correlation between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and emotional intelligence reported by vocational college students.

title:
  The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy of Chinese Vocational College Students

abstract:
  The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The sample consisted of 529 students. The tools used to measure the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial self-efficacy were the Emotional Intelligence Scale developed by Wong and Law and the Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Zhan. The results showed that there was a significant difference between male and female college students in entrepreneurial self-efficacy, but no significant difference between male and female college students in emotional intelligence. In entrepreneurial self-efficacy as well as emotional intelligence, there were significant differences between the third grade and the first and second grade, respectively. In addition, the results showed a significant positive correlation between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and emotional intelligence. With the improvement of the emotional intelligence level of vocational college students, the entrepreneurial self-efficacy will increase. The lower the emotional intelligence, the faster the improvement in entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The higher the emotional intelligence, the more stable the entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The university stage is considered an ideal entrepreneurial period, especially for vocational colleges’ students, who pay more attention to entrepreneurship and innovation education. Encouraging the cultivation of the emotional intelligence of vocational college students in life will help to improve personal entrepreneurial self-efficacy. This research emphasizes that improving the emotional intelligence of vocational college students can enhance their sense of self-efficacy in entrepreneurship and help students with entrepreneurship and career development.


id: cord-285513-pkqos0s5
title: Dental Health Services Response to COVID-19 in Norway
author: Stangvaltaite-Mouhat, Lina
date: 2020-08-12
txt: ./txt/cord-285513-pkqos0s5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-285513-pkqos0s5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165843
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165843
summary:
  Therefore, the aim of this case study was to investigate how urgent dental health care was managed in Norway, what additional infection prevention and control measures were employed by dental staff and to assess the dental staff perception of risk and workplace preparedness. Out of the dental staff working in clinics designated to treat patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19, up to 20% reported not to have available respirators FFP2 or FFP3 standard or equivalent, gowns and aprons in their workplace; there was a significant difference among the county incidence categories. Dental staff in public sector, OR 0.3 (CI 0.2; 0.5) and those working at clinics not designated to treat patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19, OR 0.6 (0.4; 0.9) were less positive to preparedness of their workplace regarding infection control equipment. In the present study, the majority of the dental staff working at the clinics designated to treat patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19, reported to follow local guidelines for additional infection prevention and control developed by county and university.

abstract:
  We aimed to investigate the management of urgent dental care, the perception of risk and workplace preparedness among dental staff in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic. An electronic questionnaire regarding the strictest confinement period in Norway (13 March–17 April 2020) was distributed to dental staff. Among the 1237 respondents, 727 (59%) treated patients, of whom 170 (14%) worked in clinics designated to treat patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19. Out of them 88% (143) received training and 64% (103) simulation in additional infection prevention procedures, while 27 (24%) respondents reported deviation. In total, 1051 (85%) respondents perceived that dental staff had a high risk of being infected, 1039 (84%) that their workplace handled the current situation well, 767 (62%) that their workplace had adequate infection control equipment and 507 (41%) agreed that their workplace is well equipped to handle an escalation. Before an appointment, 1182 (96%) respondents always/often inquired per phone information if a patient experienced symptoms of COVID-19, and 1104 (89%) asked about a history of travel to affected areas. Twice as many patients on average per week were treated by phone than in a clinic. A lower proportion of dental staff in high incidence counties applied additional infection prevention measures compared to low and medium incidence counties. To conclude, urgent dental health care was managed relatively well in Norway. Additional training of the dental staff in adequate infection prevention and step-by-step procedures may be needed. These results may be used to improve the dental health service’s response to future outbreaks.


id: cord-285526-xm9yj5ua
author: Gill, Balvinder Singh
date: 2020-07-30
txt: ./txt/cord-285526-xm9yj5ua.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-285526-xm9yj5ua.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155509
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155509
summary:
  We aim to present the first study in Malaysia to report the reproduction numbers and develop a mathematical model forecasting COVID-19 transmission by including isolation, quarantine, and movement control measures. Thus, the parameter ζ represents the effect of social distancing and the parameter κ reflects the proportion of the exposed people complying to practicing hand-hygiene, use of face masks, and any form of individual effective precautionary measures [24] , which depicts the model in simulating the control measures taken in preventing COVID-19 transmission in Malaysia. Despite the low (β) value in our study, it is vital that MCO measures be instituted to control the outbreak, as was observed with the exponential rise of cases during the second wave of COVID-19 in Malaysia due to the effect of a mass gathering event. This study recommends the implementation of MCO measures, which are effective in controlling the COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia, showing an observed reduction of peak active cases by 99.1%.

title:
  Modelling the Effectiveness of Epidemic Control Measures in Preventing the Transmission of COVID-19 in Malaysia

abstract:
  Malaysia is currently facing an outbreak of COVID-19. We aim to present the first study in Malaysia to report the reproduction numbers and develop a mathematical model forecasting COVID-19 transmission by including isolation, quarantine, and movement control measures. We utilized a susceptible, exposed, infectious, and recovered (SEIR) model by incorporating isolation, quarantine, and movement control order (MCO) taken in Malaysia. The simulations were fitted into the Malaysian COVID-19 active case numbers, allowing approximation of parameters consisting of probability of transmission per contact (β), average number of contacts per day per case (ζ), and proportion of close-contact traced per day (q). The effective reproduction number (R(t)) was also determined through this model. Our model calibration estimated that (β), (ζ), and (q) were 0.052, 25 persons, and 0.23, respectively. The (R(t)) was estimated to be 1.68. MCO measures reduce the peak number of active COVID-19 cases by 99.1% and reduce (ζ) from 25 (pre-MCO) to 7 (during MCO). The flattening of the epidemic curve was also observed with the implementation of these control measures. We conclude that isolation, quarantine, and MCO measures are essential to break the transmission of COVID-19 in Malaysia.


id: cord-287196-re4sosff
author: Shahzad, Fakhar
date: 2020-07-15
txt: ./txt/cord-287196-re4sosff.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-287196-re4sosff.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145102
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145102
summary:
  The results found that the perceived threat of COVID-19 contagion (emotional and cognitive threat) was positively correlated with physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion, which led toward agonistic behaviour. Further, perceived social support was a key moderator that negatively affected the relationships between agonistic behaviour and physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Therefore, our study also examined the moderating role of PSS on the association between selected strain factors (physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion) and the agonistic behaviour of frontline paramedics. Moreover, the sequential process of the SSO model has been used to test the theoretical avowals made in this study, which includes how perceived threat of COVID-19 affect the agonistic behaviour of frontline paramedics by creating physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Our study concludes that the effect of perceived COVID-19 threat on predicting greater levels of physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion among frontline healthcare paramedics may contribute to their agonistic behaviour.

title:
  Perceived Threat of COVID-19 Contagion and Frontline Paramedics’ Agonistic Behaviour: Employing a Stressor–Strain–Outcome Perspective

abstract:
  Historically, infectious diseases have been the leading cause of human psychosomatic strain and death tolls. This research investigated the recent threat of COVID-19 contagion, especially its impact among frontline paramedics treating patients with COVID-19, and their perception of self-infection, which ultimately increases their agonistic behaviour. Based on the stressor–strain–outcome paradigm, a research model was proposed and investigated using survey-based data through a structured questionnaire. The results found that the perceived threat of COVID-19 contagion (emotional and cognitive threat) was positively correlated with physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion, which led toward agonistic behaviour. Further, perceived social support was a key moderator that negatively affected the relationships between agonistic behaviour and physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. These findings significantly contributed to the current literature concerning COVID-19 and pandemic-related effects on human behaviour. This study also theorized the concept of human agonistic behaviour, which has key implications for future researchers.


id: cord-287426-tzqke3ci
author: Herrero, Rocío
date: 2020-08-25
txt: ./txt/cord-287426-tzqke3ci.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-287426-tzqke3ci.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176169
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176169
summary:
  Hence, the aims of this study were: (1) to analyse the psychometric structure of the WAI-TECH-SF, a questionnaire designed to assess the TA between the patient and the online program in a self-guided IBI; (2) to explore whether there are differences in WAI-TECH-SF scores based on sex, age-range, level of education, initial severity of depression, preference for any of the treatments offered, and expectations about and credibility of the treatment; and (3) to explore whether higher WAI-TECH-SF scores predict the therapeutic outcomes (i.e., change in depressive symptom scores) and satisfaction with the treatment. The objectives of this study were: (1) to explore the psychometric structure of a questionnaire (i.e., the WAI-TECH-SF) designed to assess the TA with an online program in a self-guided IBI and CBT program in a sample of depressive patients in the context of the National Health Systems of different European countries; (2) to analyse whether there were differences in the WAI-TECH-SF scores based on several socio-demographic variables, initial symptoms of depression, preference for any of the treatments offered, and expectations and credibility towards the treatment; and (3) to study the capacity of the WAI-TECH-SF scores to predict the therapeutic outcomes (i.e., changes in depressive symptoms) and satisfaction with the treatment.

title:
  Working Alliance Inventory for Online Interventions-Short Form (WAI-TECH-SF): The Role of the Therapeutic Alliance between Patient and Online Program in Therapeutic Outcomes

abstract:
  Background: Therapeutic alliance (TA) between the patient and therapist has been related to positive therapeutic outcomes. Because Internet-based interventions are increasingly being implemented, a tool is needed to measure the TA with Internet-based self-guided programs. The Working Alliance Inventory for online interventions (WAI-TECH-SF) was adapted based on the WAI Short Form (Hatcher & Gillaspy, 2006). The objectives of this study were: (1) to analyse the psychometric properties of the WAI-TECH-SF; (2) to explore the differences in the WAI-TECH-SF scores according to different categories of the sample; and (3) to analyse whether the WAI-TECH-SF can predict therapeutic outcomes and satisfaction with the treatment. Methods: 193 patients diagnosed with depression were included and received blended Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy. Measures of preferences, satisfaction, and credibility about the treatment, TA with the online program, depressive symptoms, and satisfaction with the treatment were administered. Results: An exploratory factor analysis revealed a one-dimensional structure with adequate internal consistency. Linear regression analyses showed that the WAI-TECH-SF predicted changes in depressive symptoms and satisfaction with the treatment. Conclusions: WAI-TECH-SF is a reliable questionnaire to assess the TA between the patient and the online program, which is associated with positive therapeutic outcomes and satisfaction with the treatment.


id: cord-288184-fa1niz51
author: Kwon, Chan-Young
date: 2020-06-22
txt: ./txt/cord-288184-fa1niz51.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-288184-fa1niz51.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32580396/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124477
summary:
  In this paper, the telemedicine manual is introduced to provide insights into the development of mental health interventions for COVID-19 and other large-scale disasters in the upcoming new-normal era. The center uses herbal medicine (mainly Qing-Fei-Pai-Du-Tang) with established protocols based on multidisciplinary expert discussions and empirical evidence [14] , and the center also used telemedicine in conjunction with mind-body modalities (including mindfulness meditation) to improve the mental health of COVID-19 patients in Korea. The center uses herbal medicine (mainly Qing-Fei-Pai-Du-Tang) with established protocols based on multidisciplinary expert discussions and empirical evidence [14] , and the center also used telemedicine in conjunction with mind-body modalities (including mindfulness meditation) to improve the mental health of COVID-19 patients in Korea. Throughout the manual, KM doctors categorized the potential psychological condition of individuals, and explained the symptoms that may happen in this stressful situation and guided potentially useful mind-body interventions.

title:
  Using Mind–Body Modalities via Telemedicine during the COVID-19 Crisis: Cases in the Republic of Korea

abstract:
  The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected the world, and its deleterious effects on human domestic life, society, economics, and especially on human mental health are expected to continue. Mental health experts highlighted health issues this pandemic may cause, such as depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Mind–body intervention, such as mindfulness meditation, has accumulated sufficient empirical evidence supporting the efficacy in improving human mental health states and the use for this purpose has been increasing. Notably, some of these interventions have already been tried in the form of telemedicine or eHealth. Korea, located adjacent to China, was exposed to COVID-19 from a relatively early stage, and today it is evaluated to have been successful in controlling this disease. “The COVID-19 telemedicine center of Korean medicine” has treated more than 20% of the confirmed COVID-19 patients in Korea with telemedicine since 9 March 2020. The center used telemedicine and mind–body modalities (including mindfulness meditation) to improve the mental health of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. In this paper, the telemedicine manual is introduced to provide insights into the development of mental health interventions for COVID-19 and other large-scale disasters in the upcoming new-normal era.


id: cord-288392-khjo6j8u
author: Davern, Melanie
date: 2020-10-21
txt: ./txt/cord-288392-khjo6j8u.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-288392-khjo6j8u.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207685
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207685
summary:
  This paper provides a quantifiable spatial indicators framework to assess local lived environments according to each Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFC) domain. The spatial measures used to assess this included: walkability (with and without footpaths); access to public open space; access to public transport; housing affordability; housing diversity; government owned dwellings (social housing); access to services for older people; libraries; universities of the 3rd Age; places of worship; volunteering; households with internet access; aged care facilities; and access to General Practitioners. Objective spatial measures of the lived environment are critical for the following reasons: to simplify assessments of AFC; to provide a foundation level of knowledge about the age-friendliness of an environment; to assist local and state government planning by informing and monitoring future actions and interventions needed to promote healthy ageing in communities; and to include older people into targets of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda.

title:
  How Can the Lived Environment Support Healthy Ageing? A Spatial Indicators Framework for the Assessment of Age-Friendly Communities

abstract:
  The Age-Friendly Cities and Communities Guide was released by the World Health Organization over a decade ago with the aim of creating environments that support healthy ageing. The comprehensive framework includes the domains of outdoor spaces and buildings, transportation, housing, social participation, respect and inclusion, civic participation and employment, communication and information, and community and health services. A major critique of the age-friendly community movement has argued for a more clearly defined scope of actions, the need to measure or quantify results and increase the connections to policy and funding levers. This paper provides a quantifiable spatial indicators framework to assess local lived environments according to each Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFC) domain. The selection of these AFC spatial indicators can be applied within local neighbourhoods, census tracts, suburbs, municipalities, or cities with minimal resource requirements other than applied spatial analysis, which addresses past critiques of the Age-Friendly Community movement. The framework has great potential for applications within local, national, and international policy and planning contexts in the future.


id: cord-288394-h9hozu9j
author: Kheirallah, Khalid A.
date: 2020-09-08
txt: ./txt/cord-288394-h9hozu9j.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-288394-h9hozu9j.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32911738/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186530
summary:
  The simulation model estimated the highest number of total daily new COVID-19 cases, in the pre-symptomatic compartmental state, to be 65 cases, with an epidemic curve growing to its peak in 49 days and terminating in a duration of 83 days, and a total simulated cumulative case count of 1048 cases. The simulated epidemic curves for COVID-19 provided evidence that Jordan may have successfully implemented NPI measures that facilitated suppressing (containing) the spread of the epidemic by reducing the number of daily new reported cases and the total duration of the epidemic. The simulated epidemic curves for COVID-19 provided evidence that Jordan may have successfully implemented NPI measures that facilitated suppressing (containing) the spread of the epidemic by reducing the number of daily new reported cases and the total duration of the epidemic.

title:
  The Effect of Strict State Measures on the Epidemiologic Curve of COVID-19 Infection in the Context of a Developing Country: A Simulation from Jordan

abstract:
  COVID-19 has posed an unprecedented global public health threat and caused a significant number of severe cases that necessitated long hospitalization and overwhelmed health services in the most affected countries. In response, governments initiated a series of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that led to severe economic and social impacts. The effect of these intervention measures on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are not well investigated within developing country settings. This study simulated the trajectories of the COVID-19 pandemic curve in Jordan between February and May and assessed the effect of Jordan’s strict NPI measures on the spread of COVID-19. A modified susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered (SEIR) epidemic model was utilized. The compartments in the proposed model categorized the Jordanian population into six deterministic compartments: suspected, exposed, infectious pre-symptomatic, infectious with mild symptoms, infectious with moderate to severe symptoms, and recovered. The GLEAMviz client simulator was used to run the simulation model. Epidemic curves were plotted for estimated COVID-19 cases in the simulation model, and compared against the reported cases. The simulation model estimated the highest number of total daily new COVID-19 cases, in the pre-symptomatic compartmental state, to be 65 cases, with an epidemic curve growing to its peak in 49 days and terminating in a duration of 83 days, and a total simulated cumulative case count of 1048 cases. The curve representing the number of actual reported cases in Jordan showed a good pattern compatibility to that in the mild and moderate to severe compartmental states. The reproduction number under the NPIs was reduced from 5.6 to less than one. NPIs in Jordan seem to be effective in controlling the COVID-19 epidemic and reducing the reproduction rate. Early strict intervention measures showed evidence of containing and suppressing the disease.


id: cord-288409-idq780jb
author: Alsahafi, Abdullah J.
date: 2016-12-06
txt: ./txt/cord-288409-idq780jb.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-288409-idq780jb.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27929452/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph13121214
summary:
  title: Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours of Healthcare Workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to MERS Coronavirus and Other Emerging Infectious Diseases Objectives: The aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, infection control practices and educational needs of HCWs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to MERS coronavirus and other emerging infectious diseases. The majority of respondents believed that patients with MERS-CoV and other emerging infectious diseases should be managed in specialised centres, but a significant proportion also agreed that general hospitals also had a role in managing such patients. A high proportion of respondents agreed that emergency department overcrowding, poor hand hygiene and mask use contributed to the risk of HCW being infected with MERS-CoV. This study also showed significant proportion with personal experience of MERS-CoV either as HCW at institutions caring for cases or being investigated for possible infection following contact with cases [10] .

title:
  Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours of Healthcare Workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to MERS Coronavirus and Other Emerging Infectious Diseases

abstract:
  Background: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has experienced a prolonged outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus since 2012. Healthcare workers (HCWs) form a significant risk group for infection. Objectives: The aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, infection control practices and educational needs of HCWs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to MERS coronavirus and other emerging infectious diseases. Methods: 1500 of HCWs from Saudi Ministry of Health were invited to fill a questionnaire developed to cover the survey objectives from 9 September 2015 to 8 November 2015. The response rate was about 81%. Descriptive statistics was used to summarise the responses. Results: 1216 HCWs were included in this survey. A total of 56.5% were nurses and 22% were physicians. The most common sources of MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) information were the Ministry of Health (MOH) memo (74.3%). Only (47.6%) of the physicians, (30.4%) of the nurses and (29.9%) of the other HCWs were aware that asymptomatic MERS-CoV was described. Around half of respondents who having been investigated for MERS-CoV reported that their work performance decreased while they have suspicion of having MERS-CoV and almost two thirds reported having psychological problems during this period. Almost two thirds of the HCWs (61.2%) reported anxiety about contracting MERS-CoV from patients. Conclusions: The knowledge about emerging infectious diseases was poor and there is need for further education and training programs particularly in the use of personal protective equipment, isolation and infection control measures. The self-reported infection control practices were sub-optimal and seem to be overestimated.


id: cord-289378-ghmqd3yv
author: Wang, Peng-Wei
date: 2020-09-18
txt: ./txt/cord-289378-ghmqd3yv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-289378-ghmqd3yv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32962052/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186827
summary:
  We determined the subjective physical and psychological health states, cognitive and affective construct of health belief, perceived social support, mental health problems, adoption of protective behavior and demographic characteristics among 1954 respondents (1305 women and 649 men; mean age: 37.9 years with standard deviation 10.8 years). The association between the deterioration of physical and psychological health and adoption of protective behaviors against COVID-19 (avoiding crowded places, washing hands, and wearing a mask) and mental health problems (general anxiety, sleep problems, and suicidal ideation) was examined using multivariate logistic regression after controlling for the effects of gender, age, and educational level. Table 2 presents the results of the univariate logistic regression model examining the associations between demographic characteristics, cognitive and affective constructs of health beliefs related to COVID-19, perceived social support, and the subjective deterioration of physical and psychological health.

title:
  Subjective Deterioration of Physical and Psychological Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Their Association with the Adoption of Protective Behaviors and Mental Health Problems

abstract:
  This study aimed to determine the proportion of individuals who reported the deterioration of physical and psychological health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Taiwan. Moreover, the related factors of deterioration of physical and psychological health and the association between deterioration of health and adoption of protective behavior against COVID-19 and mental health problems were also examined. We recruited participants via a Facebook advertisement. We determined the subjective physical and psychological health states, cognitive and affective construct of health belief, perceived social support, mental health problems, adoption of protective behavior and demographic characteristics among 1954 respondents (1305 women and 649 men; mean age: 37.9 years with standard deviation 10.8 years). In total, 13.2% and 19.3% of respondents reported deteriorated physical and psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Participants with higher perceived harm from COVID-19 compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were more likely to report the subjective deterioration of physical and psychological health, whereas respondents who were older and perceived a higher level of social support were less likely to report a deterioration of physical and psychological health. The subjective deterioration of psychological health was significantly associated with avoiding crowded places and wearing a mask. Both subjective deteriorations of physical and psychological health positively related to general anxiety.


id: cord-289451-yjrh5l4u
author: Xiao, Huidi
date: 2020-07-14
txt: ./txt/cord-289451-yjrh5l4u.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-289451-yjrh5l4u.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145047
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145047
summary:
  title: Social Distancing among Medical Students during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in China: Disease Awareness, Anxiety Disorder, Depression, and Behavioral Activities We enrolled medical students studying public health in Beijing and Wuhan to assess their COVID-19 awareness and to evaluate their mental health status/behaviors using a self-administered questionnaire. A 2020 COVID-19 survey in China found that many respondents (including students) reported symptoms of moderate to severe anxiety and depression [8] . We studied the associations between COVID-19 distancing and the lives of public health students on anxiety [14] , depression, and other behaviors. We also examined the differences among public health students in two universities, Capital Medical University (CCMU) in Beijing, and Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) in Wuhan, the early epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among the medical students in two schools of public health at two universities: CCMU in Beijing and HUST in Wuhan.

title:
  Social Distancing among Medical Students during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in China: Disease Awareness, Anxiety Disorder, Depression, and Behavioral Activities

abstract:
  Background: During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, harsh social distancing measures were taken in China to contain viral spread. We examined their impact on the lives of medical students. Methods: A nation-wide cross-sectional survey of college students was conducted from 4–12 February 2020. We enrolled medical students studying public health in Beijing and Wuhan to assess their COVID-19 awareness and to evaluate their mental health status/behaviors using a self-administered questionnaire. We used the Patient Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Health Questionnaire-9 to measure anxiety disorders and depression. We used multivariable logistic regression and path analysis to assess the associations between covariates and anxiety disorder/depression. Results: Of 933 students, 898 (96.2%) reported wearing masks frequently when going out, 723 (77.5%) reported daily handwashing with soap, 676 (72.5%) washed hands immediately after arriving home, and 914 (98.0%) reported staying home as much as possible. Prevalence of anxiety disorder was 17.1% and depression was 25.3%. Multivariable logistic regression showed anxiety to be associated with graduate student status (odds ratio (aOR) = 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–3.5), negative thoughts or actions (aOR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.4–1.7), and feeling depressed (aOR = 6.8; 95% CI: 4.0–11.7). Beijing students were significantly less likely to have anxiety than those in the Wuhan epicenter (aOR = 0.9; 95% CI: 0.8–1.0), but depression did not differ. Depression was associated with female students (aOR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2–3.3), negative thoughts or actions (aOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.5–1.9), and anxiety disorder (aOR = 5.8; 95% CI: 3.4–9.9). Path analysis validated these same predictors. Conclusions: Despite medical students’ knowledge of disease control and prevention, their lives were greatly affected by social distancing, especially in the Wuhan epicenter. Even well-informed students needed psychological support during these extraordinarily stressful times.


id: cord-291113-iizj932l
title: Alternative Methods of Sterilization in Dental Practices Against COVID-19
author: Cumbo, Enzo
date: 2020-08-08
txt: ./txt/cord-291113-iizj932l.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-291113-iizj932l.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165736
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165736
summary:
  It is time to consider a dental practice quite similar to a hospital surgery room, where particular attention should be paid to problems related to the spread of infections caused by air and surface contaminations, especially a time when viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 have emerged as an important public health problem due to their ability to spread through close person-to-person contact. Ultraviolet light has proven effective against corona viruses and, therefore, could be used against COVID-19 both in the case of bioaerosols and in the sterilization of contaminated environmental surfaces in which this microorganism is present-in particular, on products of unstable composition that cannot be treated by conventional means [62, 63] . Now that the risk of spreading COVID-19 is very high, it is necessary to pay particular attention to all the sterilization procedures that should be reviewed, improved, and perhaps used in combinations to obtain a final result that aims to complete the sterilization of all structures present in the operating room, including air, which for some dangerous diseases, such as SARS-CoV-2, is the transmission route.

abstract:
  SARS-CoV-2, and several other microorganisms, may be present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions in patients treated in dental practices, so an appropriate clinical behavior is required in order to avoid the dangerous spread of infections. COVID-19 could also be spread when patients touches a contaminated surface with infected droplets and then touch their nose, mouth, or eyes. It is time to consider a dental practice quite similar to a hospital surgery room, where particular attention should be addressed to problems related to the spreading of infections due to air and surface contamination. The effectiveness of conventional cleaning and disinfection procedures may be limited by several factors; first of all, human operator dependence seems to be the weak aspect of all procedures. The improvement of these conventional methods requires the modification of human behavior, which is difficult to achieve and sustain. As alternative sterilization methods, there are some that do not depend on the operator, because they are based on devices that perform the entire procedure on their own, with minimal human intervention. In conclusion, continued efforts to improve the traditional manual disinfection of surfaces are needed, so dentists should consider combining the use of proper disinfectants and no-touch decontamination technologies to improve sterilization procedures.


id: cord-291535-91j1lleq
title: Improved Documentation of Electronic Cigarette Use in an Electronic Health Record
author: Jose, Thulasee
date: 2020-08-14
txt: ./txt/cord-291535-91j1lleq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-291535-91j1lleq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32823985/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165908
summary:
  This report outlines how the ambulatory clinical practices of a large U.S. hospital system optimized its electronic health records (EHR) framework to better record e-cigarettes used by patients. During a 30-week evaluation period post-implementation, 638,804 patients (12 yrs and older) completed ambulatory appointments within the health system; of these, the new section contained e-cigarette use information for 37,906 (6%) patients. The evidence suggests that many clinicians record e-cigarette information within the "tobacco use" section of the EHR, along with multiple combustible tobacco products (cigarettes, cigars, pipes, etc.), or as free-text entries as a part of their clinical notes [11, 12] . Analysis: The utilization rate of the new section in EHR was assessed by a report of the total number of responses recorded for the selected variables (i.e., e-cigarette use, types of devices, and counseling status) during the evaluation period.

abstract:
  The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) can affect patient health and clinical care. However, the current documentation of e-cigarette use in the electronic health records (EHR) is inconsistent. This report outlines how the ambulatory clinical practices of a large U.S. hospital system optimized its electronic health records (EHR) framework to better record e-cigarettes used by patients. The new EHR section for e-cigarette information was implemented for outpatient appointments. During a 30-week evaluation period post-implementation, 638,804 patients (12 yrs and older) completed ambulatory appointments within the health system; of these, the new section contained e-cigarette use information for 37,906 (6%) patients. Among these patients, 1005 (2.7%) were identified as current e-cigarette users (current every day or current some day e-cigarette use), 941 (2.5%) were reported as former e-cigarette users, and 35,960 (94%) had never used e-cigarettes. A separate EHR section to document e-cigarette use is feasible within existing clinical practice models. Utilization of the new section was modest in routine clinical practice, indicating the need for more intensive implementation strategies that emphasize the health effects of e-cigarette use, and how consistent ascertainment could improve clinical practice.


id: cord-291916-5yqc3zcx
author: Hozhabri, Hossein
date: 2020-08-05
txt: ./txt/cord-291916-5yqc3zcx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-291916-5yqc3zcx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165648
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165648
title:
  The Global Emergency of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): An Update of the Current Status and Forecasting

abstract:
  Over the past two decades, there have been two major outbreaks where the crossover of animal Betacoronaviruses to humans has resulted in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). In December 2019, a global public health concern started with the emergence of a new strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV) which has rapidly spread all over the world from its origin in Wuhan, China. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Betacoronavirus genus, which includes human SARS-CoV, MERS and two other human coronaviruses (HCoVs), HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1. The fatality rate of SARS-CoV-2 is lower than the two previous coronavirus epidemics, but it is faster spreading and the large number of infected people with severe viral pneumonia and respiratory illness, showed SARS-CoV-2 to be highly contagious. Based on the current published evidence, herein we summarize the origin, genetics, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, preventions, diagnosis and up to date treatments of SARS-CoV-2 infections in comparison with those caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Moreover, the possible impact of weather conditions on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is also discussed. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to reconsider the two previous pandemics and provide a reference for future studies as well as therapeutic approaches.


id: cord-292173-95t89yee
title: COVID-19 and Dentistry: Prevention in Dental Practice, a Literature Review
author: Villani, Federico Alcide
date: 2020-06-26
txt: ./txt/cord-292173-95t89yee.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-292173-95t89yee.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32604906/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124609
summary:
  Several authors have highlighted the importance of telephone triage and/or clinic questionnaires, body temperature measurement, usage of personal protective equipment, surface disinfection with ethanol between 62% and 71%, high-speed instruments equipped with an anti-retraction system, four-handed work, and large-volume cannulas for aspiration. The aim of this narrative review is to investigate preventive measures in dental practice by assessing the operator and patient health protection during the new COVID-19 emergency by considering past experiences in terms of prevention, as the virus was only recently discovered. In addition, a second search was made: "masks" OR "disinfectants" OR "PPE" OR "dental equipment" AND "Covid-19" OR "coronavirus" OR "SARS-CoV-2". instead obtained diametrically opposing results; they showed, through a randomized controlled clinical study on 3591 subjects, that health workers who used N95 masks continuously during the shift or in situations considered to be at high risk, presented an 85% chance of not contracting a viral infection transmitted via droplets [36] .

abstract:
  SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the family of coronaviruses. The first cases were recorded in Wuhan, China, between December 2019 and January 2020. Italy is one of the most affected countries in Europe. COVID-19 is a new challenge in modern dentistry. New guidelines are required in dental clinics to avoid contagion caused by cross-infections. A narrative review was performed using both primary sources, such as scientific articles and secondary ones, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. The main search engines were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. Twelve articles were selected to develop the bibliographic review by applying pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Precautionary measures should be applied to control COVID-19 in clinical practice. Several authors have highlighted the importance of telephone triage and/or clinic questionnaires, body temperature measurement, usage of personal protective equipment, surface disinfection with ethanol between 62% and 71%, high-speed instruments equipped with an anti-retraction system, four-handed work, and large-volume cannulas for aspiration. Clinically, the use of a rubber dam is essential. FFP2 (or N95) and FFP3 respirators, if compared to surgical masks, provide greater protection for health workers against viral respiratory infections. Further accurate studies are needed to confirm this.


id: cord-292409-hz5qj1fw
author: Viterbo, Lilian Monteiro Ferrari
date: 2020-04-30
txt: ./txt/cord-292409-hz5qj1fw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-292409-hz5qj1fw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32365961/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093143
summary:
  In this context, it is necessary to discuss a model of assistance in occupational health that is capable of reviewing the central characteristics of the biomedical healthcare assistance model, including: (i) organization of practices focused on the identification of signs and symptoms and the treatment of diseases, with health promotion not being a priority; (ii) assistance is organized based on individual spontaneous demand, with an emphasis on specialization and the use of hard technologies; (iii) the work is developed in a fragmented, hierarchical manner and with inequality across different professional categories; (iv) difficulty in implementing the integrated care due to the lack of understanding of the individual as a multidimensional human being, as well as the lack of communication and integration between the services involved; (v) health planning is seldom used as a management tool; (vi) the training of health professionals is specialized, based on the hegemony of scientific knowledge; and (vii) themes such as interdisciplinary, people-centered care, attachment, and welcoming are not prioritized.

title:
  Workers’ Healthcare Assistance Model (WHAM): Development, Validation, and Assessment of Sustainable Return on Investment (S-ROI)

abstract:
  The present study aimed to present and validate the Worker´s Healthcare Assistance Model (WHAM), which includes an interdisciplinary approach to health risk management in search of integral and integrated health, considering economic sustainability. Through the integration of distinct methodological strategies, WHAM was developed in the period from 2011 to 2018, in a workers’ occupational health centre in the oil industry in Bahia, Brazil. The study included a sample of 965 workers, 91.7% of which were men, with a mean age of 44.9 years (age ranged from 23 to 73 years). The Kendall rank correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used for the validation of WHAM. The assessment of sustainable return on investment (S-ROI) was made using the WELLCAST ROI™ decision support tool, covering workers with heart disease and diabetes. WHAM can be considered an innovative healthcare model, as there is no available comparative model. WHAM is considered robust, with 86% health risk explanatory capacity and with an 85.5% S-ROI. It can be concluded that WHAM is a model capable of enhancing the level of workers’ health in companies, reducing costs for employers and improving the quality of life within the organization.


id: cord-293117-hkkbqorv
title: Characteristics of YouTube Videos in Spanish on How to Prevent COVID-19
author: Hernández-García, Ignacio
date: 2020-06-29
txt: ./txt/cord-293117-hkkbqorv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-293117-hkkbqorv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32610523/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134671
summary:
  We studied the associations between the type of authorship and the country of publication with other variables (such as the number of likes and basic measures to prevent COVID-19 according to the World Health Organization, among others) with univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model. The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the YouTube videos that provide information in Spanish on the basic measures for preventing COVID-19. In particular, videos produced by health professionals showed, compared to those made by the mass media, a higher probability of reporting on washing hands frequently, respiratory hygiene, and avoiding touching the face as measures to prevent COVID-19 (Table 2) . This study is the first to evaluate the characteristics of YouTube videos that provide information specifically in Spanish on the basic measures indicated by the WHO to prevent the transmission of COVID-19.

abstract:
  Objective: To analyze the characteristics of YouTube videos in Spanish on the basic measures to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: On 18 March 2020, a search was conducted on YouTube using the terms “Prevencion Coronavirus” and “Prevencion COVID-19”. We studied the associations between the type of authorship and the country of publication with other variables (such as the number of likes and basic measures to prevent COVID-19 according to the World Health Organization, among others) with univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model. Results: A total of 129 videos were evaluated; 37.2% were produced in Mexico (25.6%) and Spain (11.6%), and 56.6% were produced by mass media, including television and newspapers. The most frequently reported basic preventive measure was hand washing (71.3%), and the least frequent was not touching the eyes, nose, and mouth (24.0%). Hoaxes (such as eating garlic or citrus to prevent COVID-19) were detected in 15 videos (10.9%). In terms of authorship, papers produced by health professionals had a higher probability of reporting hand hygiene (OR (95% CI) = 4.20 (1.17–15.09)) and respiratory hygiene (OR (95% CI) = 3.05 (1.22–7.62)) as preventive measures. Conclusion: Information from YouTube in Spanish on basic measures to prevent COVID-19 is usually not very complete and differs according to the type of authorship. Our findings make it possible to guide Spanish-speaking users on the characteristics of the videos to be viewed in order to obtain reliable information.


id: cord-293861-n6733nfd
author: Juhász, Attila
date: 2020-09-19
txt: ./txt/cord-293861-n6733nfd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-293861-n6733nfd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32961765/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186855
summary:
  Risk analysis capabilities were applied to estimate the relationships between socioeconomic status, which was characterized by quintiles of a multidimensional composite indicator (deprivation index), and mortality due to thromboembolic diseases as well as antithrombotic medications for the year 2016 at the district level in Hungary. Although data on the level and availability of secondary prevention at the country level would be essential for planning and targeting national health system policies that can decrease premature CVD mortality and morbidity, only a few studies have been published on the link between the utilization of antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants (hereafter antithrombotic agents) for preventive purposes and socioeconomic status. Since physicians in general practice play a major role in initiating, coordinating, and providing long-term follow-up for the prevention of non-communicable diseases [23] , our study examined the prescription and redemption rates of the most common oral antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants prescribed for thrombosis prevention from all general practices and defined their relationships with socioeconomic status in Hungary.

title:
  Antithrombotic Preventive Medication Prescription Redemption and Socioeconomic Status in Hungary in 2016: A Cross-Sectional Study

abstract:
  This work was designed to investigate antithrombotic drug utilization and its link with the socioeconomic characteristics of specific population groups in Hungary by a comparative analysis of data for prescriptions by general practitioners and the redeemed prescriptions for antithrombotic drugs. Risk analysis capabilities were applied to estimate the relationships between socioeconomic status, which was characterized by quintiles of a multidimensional composite indicator (deprivation index), and mortality due to thromboembolic diseases as well as antithrombotic medications for the year 2016 at the district level in Hungary. According to our findings, although deprivation is a significant determinant of mortality due to thromboembolic diseases, clusters can be identified that represent exemptions to this rule: an eastern part of Hungary, consisting of two highly deprived counties, had significantly lower mortality than the country average; by contrast, the least-deprived northwestern part of the country, consisting of five counties, had significantly higher mortality than the country average. The fact that low socioeconomic status in general and poor adherence to antithrombotic drugs irrespective of socioeconomic status were associated with increased mortality indicates the importance of more efficient control of preventive medication and access to healthcare in all districts of the country to reduce mortality due to thromboembolic diseases.


id: cord-294593-mh1uh1b3
title: Misalignment of Stakeholder Incentives in the Opioid Crisis
author: Boloori, Alireza
date: 2020-10-16
txt: ./txt/cord-294593-mh1uh1b3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-294593-mh1uh1b3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207535
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207535
summary:
  Some of these issues include the inefficacy of conventional payment mechanisms in providing incentives for providers, practice guidelines in pain management that are not easily implementable across different medical specialties, barriers in adopting multi-modal pain management strategies, low capacity of providers/treatments to address opioid/substance use disorders, the complexity of addressing the co-occurrence of chronic pain and opioid use disorders, and patients'' non-adherence to opioid substitution treatments. These include the implementation of prescription drug monitoring programs [54, 55] , statewide Medicaid program initiatives such as coordinated care organizations [56] [57] [58] , educational outreach and academic detailing for providers [59] [60] [61] , advances in medicine/surgery that lower post-surgical dependence on narcotics [62, 63] , the fentanyl patch-for-patch program [64] , pharmacy consult intervention [65] , quality measure development and/or quality improvement [66] , using data analytics to predict the risk of overdose [67] , and schedule change of opioid analgesics [68] .

abstract:
  The current opioid epidemic has killed more than 446,000 Americans over the past two decades. Despite the magnitude of the crisis, little is known to what degree the misalignment of incentives among stakeholders due to competing interests has contributed to the current situation. In this study, we explore evidence in the literature for the working hypothesis that misalignment rooted in the cost, quality, or access to care can be a significant contributor to the opioid epidemic. The review identified several problems that can contribute to incentive misalignment by compromising the triple aims (cost, quality, and access) in this epidemic. Some of these issues include the inefficacy of conventional payment mechanisms in providing incentives for providers, practice guidelines in pain management that are not easily implementable across different medical specialties, barriers in adopting multi-modal pain management strategies, low capacity of providers/treatments to address opioid/substance use disorders, the complexity of addressing the co-occurrence of chronic pain and opioid use disorders, and patients’ non-adherence to opioid substitution treatments. In discussing these issues, we also shed light on factors that can facilitate the alignment of incentives among stakeholders to effectively address the current crisis.


id: cord-295513-q5f8d0ig
title: A Comparison of Infection Venues of COVID-19 Case Clusters in Northeast China
author: Zhao, Pengcheng
date: 2020-06-03
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32503192/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113955
abstract:
  The world has been suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic since late 2019. In this study, we compared various types of infection locations in which COVID-19 cases clustered, based on the data from three adjacent provinces in Northeast China. The collected data include all officially reported cases in this area until 8 March 2020. We explored the associations between the cases and the frequency of infection locations. The COVID-19 epidemic situation was worse in Heilongjiang Province than in Liaoning and Jilin Provinces. Most clustered cases occurred in individual families and/or between relatives. The transmission in public venues served as a hub for transmitting the disease to other families and results in new clusters. The public transport spread the infection over long distances by transporting infected individuals, and most infections did not seem to occur within vehicles. This field study shows the effect of indoor environments on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and our data may be useful in developing guidance for future disease prevention and control.


id: cord-295543-nj4a640t
title: Physical Activity Change during COVID-19 Confinement
author: Castañeda-Babarro, Arkaitz
date: 2020-09-21
txt: ./txt/cord-295543-nj4a640t.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-295543-nj4a640t.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186878
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186878
summary:
  Conclusion: The Spanish adult population, especially young people, students and very active men, decreased daily self-reported PA and increased ST during COVID-19 confinement. While the disease spreads around the world, healthy people are being requested to stay at home for prolonged periods of time and, as a consequence, COVID-19 has radically modified the determining factors (individual, interpersonal, environmental, regional or national policies and global) [11] of both types of behavior Thus, due to isolation and limitations in engaging in regular and common activities, fulfilling PA recommendations and reducing sedentary behavior during lockdown may pose a significant challenge, especially during the first weeks when the population has limited chances to find alternatives to ensure they remain active even at home. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze self-reported PA and sedentary behavior before and during lockdown caused by COVID-19 in a Spanish healthy adult population.

abstract:
  Background: The lockdown and social distancing caused by COVID-19 may influence common health behavior. The unprecedent worldwide confinement, in which Spain has been one of the most affected—with severe rules governing confinement—may have changed physical activity (PA) and sedentary habits due to prolonged stays at home. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate how self-reported PA and sedentary time (ST) have changed during confinement in the Spanish population. Methods: 3800 healthy adults (age 18–64 years) residing in Spain answered the international physical activity questionnaire short (IPAQ-S) twice between 23 March and 1 April (confinement). Data analysis was carried out taking into consideration meeting general PA recommendations before confinement, age and gender. Results: Self-reported PA decreased significantly during confinement in our sample. Vigorous physical activities (VPA) and walking time decreased by 16.8% (p < 0.001) and 58.2% (p < 0.001), respectively, whereas ST increased by 23.8% (p < 0.001). The percent of people fulfilling the 75 min/week of VPA recommendation decreased by 10.7% (p < 0.001) while the percent of people who reached 150 min/week of moderate activity barely changed (1.4%). The group that performed the most VPA before confinement showed the greatest decrease (30.5%, p < 0.001). Men reduced time in VPA more than women (21% vs 9%, respectively) who even increased time in moderate PA by 11% (p < 0.05) and reported less increase in ST than men (35% vs 25.3%, respectively). Conclusion: The Spanish adult population, especially young people, students and very active men, decreased daily self-reported PA and increased ST during COVID-19 confinement.


id: cord-296312-nh4poc71
author: Kowitt, Sarah D.
date: 2020-07-25
txt: ./txt/cord-296312-nh4poc71.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-296312-nh4poc71.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155368
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155368
summary:
  Black or African American participants, participants who reported using a quitline, and participants with higher COVID-19 risk perceptions had higher intentions to quit using tobacco due to COVID-19, and higher odds of making a quit attempt since COVID-19 started. Due to the potential negative health outcomes associated with COVID-19, it is possible that many tobacco users feel more vulnerable to its health effects and are trying to quit using tobacco-which aligns with both previous research and theory on risk perception [12, 13] . We first examined bivariate associations with our two outcomes (quit intentions and quit attempts) and all correlates of interest-participant characteristics, tobacco use variables, and other COVID-19 variables. Specifically, quit intentions and odds of making a quit attempt were higher in people who reported decreasing their tobacco use and people with higher COVID-19 risk perceptions, which is in line with what is often called the "vulnerability hypothesis".

title:
  Tobacco Quit Intentions and Behaviors among Cigar Smokers in the United States in Response to COVID-19

abstract:
  Combustible tobacco users appear to be at greater risk for serious complications from COVID-19. This study examined cigar smokers’ perceived risk of COVID-19, quit intentions, and behaviors during the current pandemic. We conducted an online study between 23 April 2020 to 7 May 2020, as part of an ongoing study examining perceptions of different health effects of cigars. All participants used cigars in the past 30 days (n = 777). Three-quarters of the sample (76.0%) perceived they had a higher risk of complications from COVID-19 compared to non-smokers. The majority of participants (70.8%) intended to quit in the next six months due to COVID-19, and almost half of the sample (46.5%) reported making a quit attempt since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Far more participants reported increasing their tobacco use since COVID-19 started (40.9%) vs. decreasing their tobacco use (17.8%). Black or African American participants, participants who reported using a quitline, and participants with higher COVID-19 risk perceptions had higher intentions to quit using tobacco due to COVID-19, and higher odds of making a quit attempt since COVID-19 started. More research is needed to understand how tobacco users are perceiving COVID-19 risks and changing their tobacco use behaviors.


id: cord-296669-1md8j11e
author: Li, Xin
date: 2020-08-04
txt: ./txt/cord-296669-1md8j11e.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-296669-1md8j11e.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32759877/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155627
summary:
  The degrees of the depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress symptoms of our participants were assessed using the Chinese versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Insomnia Severity Index-7 (ISI-7), and the revised 7-item Impact of Event Scale (IES-7) scales, respectively, which found that the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress caused by COVID-19 were 45.5%, 49.5%, 30.9%, and 68.1%, respectively. Mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress, caused by COVID-19 were assessed in our study by Chinese versions of validated measurement tools [24] [25] [26] [27] : the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9; the total score ranged from 0 to 27) [24] , the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7; the total score ranged from 0 to 21) [25] , the Insomnia Severity Index-7 (ISI-7; the total score ranged from 0 to 28) [26] , and the revised 7-item Impact of Event Scale (IES-7; the total score ranged from 0 to 28) [27] .

title:
  Factors Associated with Mental Health Results among Workers with Income Losses Exposed to COVID-19 in China

abstract:
  The outbreak and worldwide spread of COVID-19 has resulted in a high prevalence of mental health problems in China and other countries. This was a cross-sectional study conducted using an online survey and face-to-face interviews to assess mental health problems and the associated factors among Chinese citizens with income losses exposed to COVID-19. The degrees of the depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress symptoms of our participants were assessed using the Chinese versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Insomnia Severity Index-7 (ISI-7), and the revised 7-item Impact of Event Scale (IES-7) scales, respectively, which found that the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress caused by COVID-19 were 45.5%, 49.5%, 30.9%, and 68.1%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with mental health outcomes among workers with income losses during COVID-19. Participants working in Hubei province with heavy income losses, especially pregnant women, were found to have a high risk of developing unfavorable mental health symptoms and may need psychological support or interventions.


id: cord-297378-quyehjr1
author: Hong, Yan
date: 2020-05-25
txt: ./txt/cord-297378-quyehjr1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-297378-quyehjr1.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103747
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103747
summary:
  Second, descriptive statistics and an importance-performance analysis (IPA) were used to measure the impact of B&B before/after COVID-19 on tourist satisfaction levels in Zhejiang. Implications First, to the best of our knowledge, this study is among the first to uncover the impact of COVID-19 factors influencing tourists'' satisfaction with B&Bs. Second, from the perspective of methodology, DC and IRL were combined with content analysis to sort and guide the complexity of the relationship between variables, which has certain value for future research. Implications First, to the best of our knowledge, this study is among the first to uncover the impact of COVID-19 factors influencing tourists'' satisfaction with B&Bs. Second, from the perspective of methodology, DC and IRL were combined with content analysis to sort and guide the complexity of the relationship between variables, which has certain value for future research.

title:
  The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourist Satisfaction with B&B in Zhejiang, China: An Importance–Performance Analysis

abstract:
  After the outbreak of COVID-19 (especially in the stage of tourism recovery), the bed and breakfast (B&B) tourism industry faced big challenges in improving its health strategies. B&Bs are very important for the tourism industry in China and many other countries. However, few studies have studied the impact of B&Bs, under COVID-19, on tourism in China. Our paper is among one of the first studies to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on tourist satisfaction with B&Bs in China. The work/travel restrictions started from 20 January 2020, and work/after travel resumed from 20 February 2020 in Zhejiang, China. Data were collected from 588 tourists (who experienced B&Bs in Zhejiang, China) from a WeChat online survey, from 1 March to 15 March 2020. The current study attempted to fill the gap by studying the changing tourist satisfaction levels with B&Bs before/after COVID-19. Moreover, some suggestions are given to the B&B industry for tourism resumption after COVID-19 by an importance–performance analysis (IPA).


id: cord-297618-9ka3y2y1
title: Construction of the Infection Curve of Local Cases of COVID-19 in Hong Kong using Back-Projection
author: Chau, Pui Hing
date: 2020-09-21
txt: ./txt/cord-297618-9ka3y2y1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-297618-9ka3y2y1.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186909
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186909
summary:
  The current study constructed an epidemic curve based on the date of infection estimated by the back-projection method to minimize the effects of the incubation time and reflect the possible impacts of various measures and events better. Our objective was to estimate the infection curve of the local cases of the first two waves of COVID-19 in Hong Kong using the back-projection method and explore the effectiveness of the preventive measures, including the possible impacts of the pre-implementation announcements by the local government. From 25 to 29 January 2020, numerous policies were announced and implemented, including activation of the Emergency Response Level, cancellation of large-scale events, quarantine of close contacts of confirmed cases, health advice to residents returning from the Hubei province and other parts of China, suspension of non-emergent government services, closure of public facilities, home office arrangement for civil servants, and substantial reduction of traffic between Mainland China and Hong Kong.

abstract:
  This study aimed to estimate the infection curve of local cases of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Hong Kong and identify major events and preventive measures associated with the trajectory of the infection curve in the first two waves. The daily number of onset local cases was used to estimate the daily number of infections based on back-projection. The estimated infection curve was examined to identify the preventive measures or major events associated with its trajectory. Until 30 April 2020, there were 422 confirmed local cases. The infection curve of the local cases in Hong Kong was constructed and used for evaluating the impacts of various policies and events in a narrative manner. Social gatherings and some pre-implementation announcements on inbound traveler policies coincided with peaks on the infection curve.


id: cord-298156-d0pb1kik
title: Observed and Potential Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Environment
author: Cheval, Sorin
date: 2020-06-10
txt: ./txt/cord-298156-d0pb1kik.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-298156-d0pb1kik.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114140
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114140
summary:
  Consequently, by the end of April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous environmental impacts, both positive such as enhanced air and water quality in urban areas, and negative, such as shoreline pollution due to the disposal of sanitary consumables. The concept of disaster has evolved over time, and here we use an adapted Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) definition: a disaster is an event, which severely alters the functioning of a community due to hazardous physical, biological or human related impacts leading to widespread adverse effects on multiple scales and systems (environment, economic, social). While negative impacts on the economy and society in general are probably huge, it is very likely that the global-scale reduction of economic activities due to the COVID-19 crisis triggers a lot of sensible improvements in environmental quality and climatic systems.

abstract:
  Various environmental factors influence the outbreak and spread of epidemic or even pandemic events which, in turn, may cause feedbacks on the environment. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic on 13 March 2020 and its rapid onset, spatial extent and complex consequences make it a once-in-a-century global disaster. Most countries responded by social distancing measures and severely diminished economic and other activities. Consequently, by the end of April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous environmental impacts, both positive such as enhanced air and water quality in urban areas, and negative, such as shoreline pollution due to the disposal of sanitary consumables. This study presents an early overview of the observed and potential impacts of the COVID-19 on the environment. We argue that the effects of COVID-19 are determined mainly by anthropogenic factors which are becoming obvious as human activity diminishes across the planet, and the impacts on cities and public health will be continued in the coming years.


id: cord-299521-igo40dbs
title: Does Happiness Launch More Businesses? Affect, Gender, and Entrepreneurial Intention
author: Sweida, Gloria
date: 2020-09-21
txt: ./txt/cord-299521-igo40dbs.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-299521-igo40dbs.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32967308/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186908
summary:
  In one of the first studies to examine how positive affect, negative affect, gender, and gender roles interact with entrepreneurial intention, we conducted an online survey of 849 adults from the western, midwestern, and southern regions of the United States. The main reasons cited for differences between men and women''s EINT are (1) perceptions that the characteristics necessary for successful entrepreneurship are stereotypically male, (2) lack of training for women, (3) unfavorable economic and social environments for women, (4) lack of education for women, and (5) a lack of entrepreneurial self-efficacy among women [48, 49] . The data used for this paper were part of a larger study that utilized an internet-based survey and examined multiple constructs including EINT, acceptance of traditional gender roles, career choice, entrepreneurial industry interest, positive and negative affect, marketing strategies, and kidpreneur activities. The present study explored positive and negative affect, EINT, gender, and acceptance of traditional gender roles.

abstract:
  In one of the first studies to examine how positive affect, negative affect, gender, and gender roles interact with entrepreneurial intention, we conducted an online survey of 849 adults from the western, midwestern, and southern regions of the United States. A higher positive affect was associated with greater intention to start a business, however, lower levels of negative affect were not. As in previous studies, women showed less entrepreneurial intention than men, however, the presence of positive affect had a larger positive impact on women’s entrepreneurial intention than men’s. Contrary to expectations, acceptance of traditional gender roles interacted with entrepreneurial intention such that women’s entrepreneurial intention increased as their support of traditional gender roles increased, and for men, entrepreneurial intention decreased slightly as acceptance of traditional gender roles increased.


id: cord-299797-s1zdmf2u
author: Dettori, Marco
date: 2020-07-06
txt: ./txt/cord-299797-s1zdmf2u.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-299797-s1zdmf2u.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134870
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134870
summary:
  The present work is a cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the risk perception and evaluating the community outrage linked to environmental factors among a self-selected sample of citizens living in an area characterized by the presence of industrial structures of high emotional impact. The growing awareness of the health impacts caused by the alteration of environmental conditions by anthropic activities, such as industrial expansion near urban areas, atmospheric pollution, and climate change, plays a key role in the judgment and acceptability of the risks related to environmental Owing to its insularity, the region lends itself very well to observational investigations and represents an excellent test case in relation to the reported social dynamics. The full questionnaire is shown in Tables 2 and 3 (Results Section): Table 2 reports 6 questions related to the respondents'' general information; Table 3 shows 8 questions (numbers 7 to 14) related to health concerns and risk perceptions, together with their close-ended answers.

title:
  Environmental Risks Perception Among Citizens Living Near Industrial Plants: A Cross-Sectional Study

abstract:
  The present work is a cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the risk perception and evaluating the community outrage linked to environmental factors among a self-selected sample of citizens living in an area characterized by the presence of industrial structures of high emotional impact. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to the population by publishing a Google form URL code in local and regional newspapers and via social media. The resulting data were entered on Excel and analyzed. Qualitative variables were summarized with absolute and relative (percentage) frequencies. The results showed that the event that causes the greatest worry was air pollution, with 92.6% of the respondents stating that they perceived the problem as “very” or “quite” worrying. Furthermore, all the health problems investigated in relation to environmental quality aroused concern among the interviewees, with 93.1% believing there was a cause-effect relationship between environmental quality and health. Overall, as other studies had previously underlined, the survey shows that the perceived risks are not always in line with the real ones, Thus, it is imperative to articulate interventions aimed at offering the population objective tools to enable them to interpret the risks themselves. In this regard, a fundamental role is played by adequate communication between the competent bodies and political decision-makers and the population.


