cord-002184-964tbh7d	2016	This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the public reaction to Ebola in China and identify the primitive correlation between possible influence factors caused by the outbreak of Ebola in West Africa and Chinese public attention via Internet surveillance. To understand the public reaction in China to the outbreak of EVD in West Africa, we carried out an innovative network digital epidemiologic study based on the online data retrieved from 20 July to 4 September in 2014, in which the epidemics had aroused significant attention and reaction in China. This paper reported the use of BDI and SMI to identify the Chinese public''s reaction to the Ebola outbreak in West Africa from 20 July to 4 September in 2014. This digital epidemiologic study suggested that online surveillance reflected significant attention in the Chinese population to the Ebola outbreak, and that BDI and SMI were rapid and efficient in identifying and evaluating public reactions.
cord-002438-b8t4a57r	2017	Our study use the surveillance data collected from 16 sentinel hospitals across Zhejiang Province during March 2011 through June 2015, including the demographic information and respiratory specimens from influenza-like illness (ILI) patients and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients. In this study, we used four-year continuous surveillance data to compare the epidemic and virological characteristics of influenza virus between ILI cases and SARI cases in Zhejiang Province. Correlation analysis of weekly influenza virus type/subtype constitution among total positive numbers between influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI). Our findings further demonstrated that young children are vulnerable for both mild and severe respiratory infection, and the low influenza detection rate among 0-4 years age-group in both SARI and ILI patients foreshadow the need of expand the respiratory illness surveillance to more types of pathogens [12, 24] .
cord-003612-bp7sray2	2019	Several researchers studied patient experience, based on the comments posted by patients from online health communities in China [21, 22] , but few studies have been conducted to gather information on healthcare services related topics using social media data. The objectives of this study are to conduct volume and sentiment analyses base on the extracted social media contents on hospital healthcare services. Our results showed that patient safety was the most significant topic for users of Chinese social media platforms, followed by information technology and service efficiency. Our results showed that patient safety was the most significant topic for users of Chinese social media platforms, followed by information technology and service efficiency. By analyzing shared information from WeChat and Qzone, this study showed that patient safety was the most concerned topic for users of Chinese social media platform, followed by information technology and service efficiency, while the doctor-patient relationship was found to have the highest proportion of negative comments.
cord-003640-psnec2qp	2019	Results: A multivariate analysis showed air samples and nasopharyngeal flora of pig workers cluster together, compared to the non-exposed control group. An ecological analysis was conducted to reveal the variation in the community composition between the three sample groups (nasopharynx of pig farmers and non-exposed controls and air from pig farms). Given the observed difference in the number of bacterial OTUs, evenness, and evolutionary distance (alpha diversity) and in the bacterial community composition (beta diversity) in samples of the nasopharyngeal flora of farmers and non-exposed individuals and bioaerosols, collected in pig buildings, the next step was to reveal the taxonomic profiles of the three groups. Given the observed difference in the number of bacterial OTUs, evenness, and evolutionary distance (alpha diversity) and in the bacterial community composition (beta diversity) in samples of the nasopharyngeal flora of farmers and non-exposed individuals and bioaerosols, collected in pig buildings, the next step was to reveal the taxonomic profiles of the three groups.
cord-010334-7ce0xhjo	2020	(3) To verify the relationship between search query data in cyber space and population migration in geographical space, we select three urban agglomerations in China as case study: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD). (3) To verify the relationship between search query data in cyber space and population migration in geographical space, we select three urban agglomerations in China as case study: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD). Based on the different original location of migration search, we construct three MAIs as local-MAI, external-MAI, and intercity-MAI to delineate the public attention generated from local city, attention from external areas, and attention flow among urban areas; then, the correlation analysis is conducted between MAIs in cyber space and urban migrants in geographical space to further verify the aforementioned hypothesis.
cord-011536-rb8g5llp	2020	According to the research of Aitor Nogales et al., the H3N2 virus encoding the NS1-V194I protein displays a temperature-sensitive phenotype, providing an assumption of the effect of environmental factors such as temperature on the genetic mutation of influenza viruses [9] . In the present study, the location information (i.e., latitude and longitudes) of 11,721 reported cases of H1N1 were collected and we explored if H1N1 genomic diversity was subject to the direct effects of temperature, precipitation, and other natural factors or the indirect effects of population density, urban development, and other social factors. For H1N1''s HA mutation from 2000-2019, a simple generalized linear model (GLM) shows that, of all the seven independent variables, most variables displayed a strong significance with HA mutation, including maximum temperature, minimum temperature, nighttime light, population density, and years fixed factor. Figure 1 shows the impact of four variables on mutation, with precipitation (A) and minimum temperature (B) being selected as representatives of environmental factors, and nighttime light (C) and population density (D) as representative social factors.
cord-011537-e20zaosw	2020	Latent Profile Analysis based on two higher-order perfectionism dimensions, Perfectionistic Strivings (PS) and Perfectionistic Concerns (PC), supported a four-class solution: Non-Perfectionists (low PS and PC), Adaptive Perfectionists (high PS and low PC), Maladaptive Perfectionists (high PS and PC), and Moderate Perfectionists (moderate PS and PC). In accordance with previous literature [21] , if this three-class model fits the data, we hypothesize that: (a) Adaptive Perfectionists would experience the highest levels of autonomous motivation (i.e., Intrinsic, Integrated, and Identified); (b) Maladaptive Perfectionists would show more controlled motivation (i.e. Introjected, External, and Amotivation), and (c) Non-Perfectionists would report the lowest levels of both autonomous and controlled motivation. This 23-item instrument assesses the six regulatory styles of the SDT''s motivational continuum in the context of sport and exercise: Intrinsic, Integrated, Identified, Introjected, External, and Amotivation.
cord-011540-9jvoa8vr	2020	Currently, SPSS is made up of two sectors [2] : (i) the public sector, which includes a variety of social security institutions such as the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), the Institute of Security and Social Services for State Workers (ISSSTE), Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), the Ministry of Defense (SEDENA), the Ministry of the Navy (SEMAR) and other institutions and programs that • RQ2: What is the level of application of the different steps of Kaizen-Kata methodology in its implementation when solving operational problems? Based on the results of the implementation of Kaizen-Kata methodology in these three public hospitals, it can be stated that there was a successful application in health service processes in each of the cases studied. The answer to the first research question posed about how Kaizen-Kata methodology is applied in the resolution of operational problems in public hospitals in Mexico is based on the procedure carried out and the empirical data obtained in the case study of the three hospitals.
cord-011818-z89m8dur	2020	Using multiple ordinal logistic regressions analysis, it was shown that sleep disturbance, depression, fatigue, a gastrointestinal disorder, and leg or foot discomfort as a single health problem significantly increased turnover intention. In this study, we used data collected from October 2018 to January 2019 (NRN T1, n = 204) and from March 2018 to May 2018 (ERN T1, n = 300) to analyze the association between health problems and turnover intention among shift work nurses. In this analysis, we defined shift work as a In this study, we used data collected from October 2018 to January 2019 (NRN T1, n = 204) and from March 2018 to May 2018 (ERN T1, n = 300) to analyze the association between health problems and turnover intention among shift work nurses. The SWNHT study questionnaire included questions regarding general and job-related characteristics, health-related variables (e.g., dietary habits, menstrual symptoms, exposure to blood and body fluid, sleep, fatigue, depression, physical activity, etc.), occupational stress, presenteeism, and turnover intention.
cord-011906-ek7joi0m	2020	Given: (i) young adults are keen users of smartphone apps, with increased vulnerability to self-regulation and technology use [74] , (ii) the high stakes for academic achievement, and (iii) the similarity in processes observed between gambling addiction and social media overuse [115] , the strategies of mindfulness, activity monitoring, and mood tracking utilized in gambling harm-reduction [86, 116, 117] are employed in the present study. The present study tested the efficacy of a ten-day online app-delivered randomized controlled trial (RCT) based on cognitive-behavioural principles to reduce distraction (primary outcome) and a number of secondary psychological outcomes: self-awareness, mindful attention, FoMO, anxiety, and depression among university students. The present study tested the efficacy of an online intervention employing an integrative set of strategies-consisting of mindfulness, self-monitoring and mood tracking-in assisting young adults to decrease levels of smartphone distraction and improve on a variety of secondary psychological outcomes, such as mindful attention, emotional awareness, stress and anxiety, and perceived self-efficacy, as well as to reduce stress, anxiety, deficient self-regulation, problematic social media use and smartphone-related psychological outcomes (i.e., online vigilance, FoMO and NoMO).
cord-012022-r3xkpwte	2020	title: Use of Online Food Delivery Services to Order Food Prepared Away-From-Home and Associated Sociodemographic Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional, Multi-Country Analysis Odds of any online food delivery service use were lower per additional year of age (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.95) and greater for respondents who were male (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.35, 1.66), that identified with an ethnic minority (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.38, 1.78), were highly educated (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.46, 1.90), or living with children (OR: 2.71; 95% CI: 2.44, 3.01). Overall, 15% of respondents across Australia, Canada, Mexico, the UK, and the USA reported online food delivery service use in the past 7 days, however, almost two thirds of respondents had purchased food prepared away-from-home directly from food outlets but had not used an online food delivery service.
cord-012462-q8u47hdp	2020	By using the nation-wide ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision) dataset of hospitalized patients of Romania, we have generated time series datasets over the period of 2008–2018 and performed highly accurate AutoTS predictions for the ten deadliest diseases. For this purpose the corresponding ICD-10 codes for ischemic heart diseases, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lower respiratory infections, Alzheimer''s disease, lung cancer, diabetes mellitus, road injuries, diarrheal diseases, and tuberculosis (Table S1) were extracted from the whole ICD-10 data set of hospitalized patients in Romania from the period 2008-2018. Another reduction in case counts is observed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, especially in the North East region, when comparing the predicted years to the previous ones ( Figure 4C ). When compared to the current literature, this is the first study on a national ICD-10 database to perform thorough time series forecasting on multiple diseases on a regional level using AutoML to select the most accurate of a multitude of models (Table S5) .
cord-012515-dxu7ajse	2020	Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5563 3 of 11 needs in nine domains: providing emergency care (Domain 1), providing health education (Domain 2), operating the school health room (Domain 3), implementing health screening for students (Domain 4), controlling infectious diseases (Domain 5), establishing a healthy and safe physical environment (Domain 6), providing health counseling (Domain 7), implementing health promotion programs (Domain 8), and developing professionalism (Domain 9). The initial questionnaire consisted of 59 items pertaining to SHS members'' training needs in nine domains: providing emergency care (Domain 1), providing health education (Domain 2), operating the school health room (Domain 3), implementing health screening for students (Domain 4), controlling infectious diseases (Domain 5), establishing a healthy and safe physical environment (Domain 6), providing health counseling (Domain 7), implementing health promotion programs (Domain 8), and developing professionalism (Domain 9).
cord-013317-s6ss95h6	2020	This study aimed to assess HL among undergraduates from healthcare and non-healthcare degree courses of two Italian universities and the association between their HL, lifestyles, and BMI assumed as health outcome. This study aims to: (i) evaluate the levels of HL, in all its dimensions, among undergraduates attending healthcare and non-healthcare related degree courses in two Italian universities; (ii) identify possible group differences; (iii) investigate the relationship between undergraduates'' HL, health-related behaviors and BMI assumed as health outcome. In order to highlight different issues related to specific HL skills requiring targeted educational interventions [26] , two validated questionnaires were used to assess all the domains of participants'' HL: the eight-item Health Literacy Assessment Tool (HLAT-8) developed by Abel et al. As indicated by NVS score, 68.8% of the whole sample showed adequate literacy and numeracy, while the communication and information skills evaluated through the HLAT-8 questionnaire were above average, with significantly higher levels found in nursing students.
cord-013385-6nq4yzvz	2020	A growing body of literature has demonstrated that the amount and quality of social support from relatives, friends, neighbors, and the community are pivotal factors in positively affecting a person''s physical and mental health [10] [11] [12] and acts as a form of prevention against harmful behaviors and distressing emotions [13] . Based on big data from China, this study adopts quantitative research methods to analyze the heterogenous affecting of social support on individual physical and mental health. Oprobit regression models are used to estimate the influences of social support factors on the six mental health dimensions in this study (depression, hopelessness, failure, fear, loneliness, and meaninglessness). As such, we grouped the samples into two subgroups-respondents below 60 and those 60 and over-to check the heterogeneous influence of emotional, tangible or instrumental, interaction or exchange, and community support on individual mental health at different ages.
cord-013390-i5h7ob3n	2020	Collaboration between mass media, health and education systems, and leading social-religious figures plays a major role in overcoming psychological and cultural barriers, including beliefs surrounding pain, fear, embarrassment, and modesty, particularly for women of lower socioeconomic status and women living in crises and conflict zones. We used the keywords "society", "culture", "breast cancer", "women", "screening", "quality of life", "attitudes", "stigma", "women", "Arab", "Muslim", "family", "coping", "mental health", and "religion". This review found that several socio-cultural and political factors affect Arab women''s quality of life when they are diagnosed with and treated for breast cancer. Our review found that being a working and educated mother does not necessarily indicate better self-care or better awareness of BSE; in fact, we found that knowing someone, such as a family member or friend, who was diagnosed with breast cancer had a stronger impact on self-health management, resulting from fear that prompted women to perform self-or clinical screening.
cord-013401-yh8cu1hx	2020	Community-based nutritional intervention to improve the practice of dietary diversity and child nutrition by community health workers (CHWs) involving Nyumba Kumi as small neighborhood units (SNUs) in communities has not yet been explored. This study aimed to prove the hypothesis that community-based nutritional educational programs cooperating with CHWs and Nyumba Kumi might effectively change the attitudes of caregivers toward feeding practices and dietary diversity for their children. To assess the variable changes per treatment group at the pre-and post-intervention periods, the mean differences of household caregiver situation (DDS and attitude score) and child nutritional status (HAZ, WAZ, and WHZ) were tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for matched pairs. The results revealed that the interventions using CHWs and Nyumba Kumi (SNUs) were useful to improve dietary diversity and caregivers'' attitudes toward recommended feeding; however, we could not identify the effect on child nutritional status in the short observation period of the study.
cord-013405-68777jts	2020	This study developed a four-dimension framework including self-disclosure, genuine response, functional interactivity, and genuineness in Chinese culture to investigate the effect of genuineness in the communication of Chinese social media influencers in pediatrics on public engagement. This study is the first to develop an integrated framework to measure genuineness in online health communication and contributes to the understanding of the effect of genuineness on Chinese public engagement in social media. Table 5 summarizes the negative binomial regression results on the sub-dimensions of "self-disclosure", "genuine response", "functional interactivity", "genuineness in Chinese culture" and the number of shares, likes, comments and positive comments. Negative Binomial Regression Results on the Sub-dimensions of "Self-disclosure", "Genuine response", "Functional interactivity", "Genuineness in Chinese Culture" and the Number of Shares, Likes, Comments and Positive Comments.
cord-013420-0nmil3yt	2020	A PubMed search was carried out for communicable diseases among Roma in these parts of Europe, specifically in Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and North Macedonia. Roma continue to have a higher prevalence of communicable diseases and are at higher risk of infection than the majority populations of the countries they live in. In 2005, nine Central and Southern EU countries-Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro and Slovakia-along with several international organisations, launched the Decade of Roma Inclusion 2005-2015, committing to allocate resources with the aim of integration and ending discrimination and poverty of Roma communities. The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in the HepaMeta population in eastern Slovakia was 7.2 per cent among the Roma (n = 208) compared to 5.3 per cent among non-Roma (n = 132). Roma in Eastern and Central Europe continue to have a higher prevalence of communicable diseases than the majority populations of the countries they live in.
cord-032625-u8qces3r	2020	This study aimed to assess the accuracy of image registration of optical scans to 3D CBCT reconstructions created by different thresholds of grey values of segmentation in partial edentulous jaw conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of image registration of the optical scan to 3D CBCT reconstructions with different thresholds of grey values of segmentation in partial edentulous jaw conditions. The null hypothesis was that the threshold of the gray value of segmentation in CBCT and the number of residual teeth would not result in a different image registration accuracy between the optical scan and the CBCT 3D reconstruction model. Thus, based on the findings of this study, the proposed null hypothesis, the thresholds of gray value of segmentation in CBCT, and the number of residual teeth would not influence the accuracy of image registration of the optical scan to the CBCT data, was rejected.
cord-034351-5br4faov	2020	(1) Background: Along with an increasing risk caused by migrant workers returning to the urban areas for the resumption of work and production and growing epidemiological evidence of possible transmission during the incubation period, a study of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is warranted among key populations to determine the serum antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 and the carrying status of SARS-CoV-2 to identify potential asymptomatic infection and to explore the risk factors. Three categories of targeted populations (close contacts, migrant workers who return to urban areas for work, and school children) will be included in this study as they are important for case identification in communities. Since the first known case of pneumonia infected with the novel coronavirus was reported in the city of Wuhan in late December of 2019, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 and announced by the World Health Organization on 11 February 2020, unexpectedly and quickly spread in China and many other countries with rapid geographical expansion and a sudden increase in the number of cases [1, 2] .
cord-252870-52fjx7s4	2020	Hence, these findings suggest effective management guidelines for successful implementation of the social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic by emphasizing the critical role of risk perception, perceived understanding, and safety climate. Individual''s perceived understanding and safety climate are also examined to identify their effectiveness in the relationship between risk perception and social distancing. Perceived Understanding about the COVID-19 pandemic plays a mediating role between Risk Perception and Social Distancing behavior. The initial questionnaire contained 22 questions to measure these 4 latent variables, including Risk Perception-RP (7 items), Perceived Understanding-PU (4 items), Social Distancing-SD (5 items), and Safety Climate-SC (6 items). This study provided evidence that risk perception and perceived understanding can significantly affect people''s social distancing behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the data collected from an online survey among 317 participants in China throughout May 2020, our analyses indicate that positive changes in social distancing behaviors are associated with increased risk perception, perceived understanding, and safety climate.
cord-252894-c02v47jz	2018	This study predicts infectious diseases by optimizing the parameters of deep learning algorithms while considering big data including social media data. The performance of the deep neural network (DNN) and long-short term memory (LSTM) learning models were compared with the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) when predicting three infectious diseases one week into the future. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design a model that uses the infectious disease occurrence data provided by the KCDC, search query data from search engines that are specialized for South Korea, Twitter social media big data, and weather data such as temperature and humidity. Figure 1 shows the overall framework of the model used in this study including the data collection process and the comparison of models designed using the deep neural network (DNN) method, the long-short term memory (LSTM) method, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) method, and the ordinary least squares (OLS) method.
cord-253000-nwbmxepi	2020	Fasting in combination with calorie restriction modulates molecular mechanisms such as m-TOR, FOXO, NRF2, AMPK, and sirtuins, ultimately leads to significantly reduced inflammatory marker levels, as well as improved metabolic markers. It has been found that intermittent fasting can prevent and reverse all aspects of metabolic syndrome in rodents: body fat, inflammation, and blood pressure are reduced; insulin sensitivity is increased; and the functional capacity of the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems are improved [151] [152] [153] . In another study, which used the same fasting guidelines, improved metabolic markers were observed after periodic fasting, including a decrease in blood glucose levels associated with changes in gut microbiome composition [73] . These changes include increased fiber and polyphenol intake compared to the current western diets, but also well-structured, personalized fasting protocols, which can reduce the risk of metabolic disorders (Figure 3) .
cord-254234-8w1z3un6	2020	
cord-254471-4lomiv5d	2020	Background: This study analyzed the role of global self-esteem and selected sociodemographic variables in predicting life satisfaction of nursing students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia. The results of research on global self-esteem and life satisfaction conducted in Poland, Spain and Slovakia indicate that global self-assessment is related to the subjective well-being of nursing students. Within a given country, no significant differences in the average results for global self-esteem or sense of satisfaction with life were noted in relation to selected sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender and year of study. In the group of Slovak students, a statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.37; p < 0.0001) between global self-esteem and satisfaction with life was observed on an average level ( Figure 5 ). In the group of Slovak students, a statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.37; p < 0.0001) between global self-esteem and satisfaction with life was observed on an average level ( Figure 5 ).
cord-254633-7re0k0d1	2020	Given the importance of this topic, this paper gathers initiatives and methodologies that have been undertaken to calculate and reduce CO(2) emissions and climate change effects in ports. Most of the respondents of the Greenport survey (86%) considered that GHG emissions from shipping generated in the port area should be included as third-party emission in the carbon footprint calculation of the port. After that, the results of a research conducted on different existing methodologies to calculate CO 2 emissions in ports are presented, followed by an analysis of their strengths and opportunities for further development. Besides the studies in ports, research on the methods used to calculate CO 2 emissions and carbon footprint in port terminals has also been conducted. In this paper, initiatives to reduce the effects of climate change, carbon footprint and CO 2 emissions in ports have been studied to identify function and applicability.
cord-255119-l82o5fif	2020	The statistical correlation between meteorological parameters and the spread of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) was investigated in five provinces of Italy selected according to the number of infected individuals and the different trends of infection in the early stages of the epidemic: Bergamo and Brescia showed some of the highest trends of infections while nearby Cremona and Mantova, showed lower trends. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was calculated to evaluate possible relations between the moving means of the meteorological parameters (i.e., temperature, and relative humidity) and the moving mean of adjusted/unadjusted new daily cases. The most inclusive and impressive results are the values of PCC found for the time series related to the number of new daily infected individuals within the five selected Italian provinces, the daily mean temperatures as monitored at the related capitals, and the daily mean relative humidity values observed at the same stations.
cord-255228-nopt5ql5	2020	For this reason, the objective of this study is to determine the difference in nursing students'' sleep quality before and during the lockdown, put in place in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In relation to the data obtained in this study, recent research suggests that lockdown has worsened sleep quality despite increasing its quantity, observing that there has been an increase in mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and even suicidal thoughts [18, 25] . Looking at the results obtained at each of the time points analyzed, we observed that at the first data collection point, the PSQI score was around 5 (the borderline sleep quality score) in all students except smokers and those with anxiety or depression, who had higher scores. In this study, the PSQI score obtained at each of the two time points analyzed was higher at higher BMIs. However, we only observed changes in sleep quality among students with a normal weight, perhaps because of the low sample sizes in the other categories.
cord-255602-3pzh5ur9	2020	We used the BuzzSumo application to gather the most shared links on the Internet related to the pandemic in Italy, using keywords chosen according to the most frequent "fake news" during that period. We used the BuzzSumo pplication [38] in order to gather the most shared links or posts on the Internet and social media related to SARS-CoV-2 and the Covid-19 pandemic. The 9 keywords were chosen in a consensus meeting of the research group, since they were the most likely to uncover health-related false information using the BuzzSumo search engine, and specifically fake news that would not meet our exclusion criteria. An article was immediately excluded when the content did not deal specifically with health or science, i.e., the focus may have been on the socioeconomic consequences of the pandemic, which was a topic we excluded from our fake news review.
cord-256004-rqdeac7h	2020	Through a multiple-case study and thematic analysis of data collected primarily from focus group discussions and questionnaires, we examined the enabling factors and barriers to the implementation of HealthWISE by applying the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARiHS) framework. Overall, successful implementation of HealthWISE required dedicated local team members who helped facilitate the process by adapting HealthWISE to the workers'' occupational health and safety (OHS) knowledge and skill levels and the cultures and needs of their hospitals, cutting across all constructs of the i-PARiHS framework. Results for the four constructs-innovation, recipients, context, and facilitation-are presented below, with quotes that help to reflect what was an enabling factor or barrier in the implementation of HealthWISE in each of the participating hospitals in Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
cord-256041-k4y6t0i5	2020	The objective of the study is to analyse the psychological distress in a Spanish population sample during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying the predictive character and role that sociodemographic variables, the presence of physical symptoms, and other health-related variables may have. Our results are in line with those found in most studies, showing that women present significantly higher levels of distress (with low size effect), and this can therefore be understood as an individual risk factor in the face of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. However, a study similar to the present one conducted at the beginning of the COVID-19 quarantine identified an increased risk of psychological distress among people over 60 years of age [33] . Among the variables that predict psychological distress are, therefore: being female, age, employment situation, number of symptoms, perception of poor health, having been in close contact with an infected person, as well as having been in contact with people or material suspected of being infected.
cord-256636-z14anp3h	2020	In this paper, we describe a case study in which leading global experts systematically: (1) developed a conceptual model that outlines the potential pathways through which a social policy influences health, (2) fits outcome measures to this conceptual model, and (3) estimates an optimal time frame for collection of the selected outcome measures. The treatment group is offered three years of employment coaching that uses an explicit methodology for helping participants set and achieve goals across four domains (employment, education/training, financial management, and personal and family wellbeing) with an explicit focus on identifying and addressing "executive function" challenges that get in the way of goal-achievement in these domains [30] . The initial conceptual model for MyGoals for Healthy Aging (Figure 2 ) was simply drawn out by a handful of experts in the social determinants of health. The initial conceptual model for MyGoals for Healthy Aging (Figure 2 ) was simply drawn out by a handful of experts in the social determinants of health.
cord-257575-qumwrgng	2020	
cord-258762-vabyyx01	2020	To address the clinical implication over a long period of time, the systems approach is built upon previous work on multi-scale modeling of surgical flow in a large operating room suite and takes into account human behavior factors. Clinical environments are too complex to model with the traditional modeling method of airflow and particle transportation because both the source intensity of surgical smoke [19] as well as the mechanism of propagation via door openings [20] are largely dominated by human factors. The indoor air quality is a linear set of differential equations that will be slightly more complex than a standard compartment model since the coefficient will be stochastic, the sources and output/leaks of the particles term will have a time delay built in, and the hallway will require a transport equation.
cord-258915-lgee3ers	2020	In drawing together participants'' ideas about spaces, processes and mechanisms that might address these local challenges, we conclude the paper with implications that offer scope for further exploration and consideration in terms of how technology might support the operationalisation of local people''s ideas for improving face-to-face connections in age-friendly community settings. As described earlier, the interview data were coded to explore (a) opportunities to improve connections at a local level, i.e., factors that had the potential to impact negatively on people''s geographically proximate social relationships in terms of quality, quantity or satisfaction; and (b) participants'' engagement with technology in relation to their social lives generally. As described earlier, the interview data were coded to explore (a) opportunities to improve connections at a local level, i.e., factors that had the potential to impact negatively on people''s geographically proximate social relationships in terms of quality, quantity or satisfaction; and (b) participants'' engagement with technology in relation to their social lives generally.
cord-258965-g47n531n	2020	The aim of this study was to explore knowledge, practice of risk and guidelines of the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) infection among the eye care practitioners and the potential associated factors. ECPs in Nigeria displayed good knowledge about COVID-19 and provided eye care services during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria, despite the majority not receiving any training on the use of PPEs with concerns over attending to patients. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and practice of COVID-19 exposure risk among ECPs as well as understand their confidence in current Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) guidelines for identifying possible COVID-19 cases, knowledge of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) recommendations and training in its usage when managing such cases. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on practitioners, their family members and practices, including questions on their confidence in the current FMoH guidelines for identifying possible COVID-19 cases, their knowledge of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) recommendations, and training in its usage during consultation were assessed.
cord-259149-svryhcgy	2020	We achieved the aim by (1) sampling Weibo users (geo-location = Wuhan, China) and Twitter users (geo-location = Lombardy, Italy); (2) fetching all the users'' published posts two weeks before and after the lockdown in each region (e.g., the lockdown date of Wuhan was 23 January 2020); (3) extracting the psycholinguistic features of these posts using the Simplified Chinese and Italian version of Language Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) dictionary; and (4) conducting Wilcoxon tests to examine the changes in the psycholinguistic characteristics of the posts before and after the lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy, respectively. In this study, we used the simplified Chinese version of LIWC and Italian LIWC to measure people''s psychological status before and after the lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy, respectively. These linguistic features imply that social media users'' psychological states were impacted after the COVID-19 lockdown, in both Wuhan and Lombardy.
cord-259809-7glw6pir	2020	The COST CARES project aims to support healthcare cost containment and improve healthcare quality across Europe by developing the research and development necessary for person-centred care (PCC) and health promotion. COST Action 15222 ''Cost Cares'' was funded by the EU Commission to create the impetus in both the research and development required to design and test innovative exploratory health laboratories (EHLs) to implement PCC and HP across the EU. Repeated here for clarity the critical enablers are (1) information technology (IT), which describes the use of computers or other computerized devises to store, transmit, and receive data to support PCC planning and care coordination, for handling and communicating health and evaluation data, and for delivering PCC and HP interventions. (4) Incentive systems that reward PCC processes and outcomes, such as personal health goals, PCC plans, improvements in patient self-efficacy and experiences of care, and HP activities.
cord-259971-e3h8pr1v	2020	
cord-262567-gojbccmz	2020	Based on the results of this study, suggestions are presented on how to enhance health perceptions in adolescents who are in a critical period for forming healthy life habits, and to prepare measures to encourage sports participation. In addition, previous studies are limited in that they sporadically report only some of the variables in the relationships among health perceptions, sports participation, and health promoting behavior. In order to overcome these limitations, it is necessary to verify the effects of health perceptions and sports participation on improving health promoting behavior in adolescents, using an appropriate study design. Sixth, bootstrapping was used to verify the mediating effect of sports participation on the relationship between health perceptions and health promoting behavior in adolescents (see Section 3.3). Analyses were performed to verify the model that explains the structural relationship between the individual variables by verifying the mediating effect of sports participation on the relationship between health perceptions and health promoting behavior in adolescents.
cord-262637-crqw59k1	2020	We will randomize subjects (1:1) to either: (1) Low Calorie Mediterranean (LoCalMed)—an integrative multifactorial, technology-supported approach focused on behavioral modification, nutritional education that will include a self-monitored diet with feedback, physical activity recommendations, and social cognitive theory-based group counseling sessions; or (2) Usual Care. In light of these findings, we focused our work on the inflammatory effects of lipids in the development of particulate matter (PM)-induced lung injury [22] To investigate the potential reversibility of WTC-LI by direct impact on MetSyn risk factors, we focus on calorie-restricted (CR) Mediterranean diets based on recent studies showing their ability to attenuate lipid levels [20, 23, 24] . At baseline, participants will be provided in-person, group-based technology training, and will receive handouts with the following study goals: (1) weight loss of ≥seven percent at 6-months; (2) saturated fat intake ≤seven percent of kcal; (3) ≥150-min per week of moderate-intensity physical activity.
cord-262647-kkvekors	2020	In Japan''s response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), virus testing was limited to symptomatic patients due to limited capacity, resulting in uncertainty regarding the spread of infection and the appropriateness of countermeasures. This causal loop modelling suggested that the only effective measure against COVID-19 transmission in the Japanese context was intervention in the early stages of the outbreak by national and regional governments, and no social self-strengthening dynamics were demonstrated. In handling the complex COVID-19 transmission processes in the population and the effects of societal factors, the idea to use system dynamics, describing complex social systems as a collective set of mathematical equations, was drawn based on some considerations. As social components, intervention by national or local government [3] , awareness raising regarding physical distancing and hygiene measures [15] , countermeasures by private or public enterprises [16] , new business practices, working from home, and contact reduction in commuting were included.
cord-262927-mehijkzo	2020	This includes using a life-course approach, integrating the rationale of precision public health, applying open science practice, and promoting actionable knowledge translation strategies. This includes using a life-course approach to health literacy [58] , integrating the rationale of precision public health [59] , applying open science practice [60] , and promoting actionable knowledge translation strategies [61] . Based on these new paradigms, we expect a nuanced understanding of how health literacy develops over the life-course, how it influences health behaviour and decision-making, and thus how it informs specific interventional opportunities-especially in the early life stages across educational and healthcare settings-for a precise policy recommendation. We also highlight the importance of applying open science and considering knowledge translation strategies from the beginning of research planning to generate or replicate policy-relevant findings rapidly and cost-effectively across different cultural contexts, and thus facilitate the process of knowledge dissemination.
cord-263518-6puccigu	2020	A 54-item, valid, and reliable questionnaire, including items on demographic characteristics and past medical history, stress levels, awareness about signs and symptoms of COVID-19, knowledge about at-risk groups and prevention methods, knowledge about transmission methods, trust in sources of information, and availability of facemasks and sanitizers, was deployed via social and mass media networks. The questionnaire included items about demographic characteristics and past medical history, stress levels, awareness about signs and symptoms of COVID-19, awareness about at-risk groups, knowledge about COVID-19 transmission methods, knowledge about effective COVID-19 prevention methods, awareness of the lack of a vaccine to prevent COVID-19, trust in information sources about COVID-19, and availability of facemasks and sanitizers. Demographic variables (including gender, age, employment, education, province, awareness of no approved vaccine for COVID-19, background disease), knowledge about transmission and prevention methods, awareness about signs and symptoms and at-risk groups, and trust in sources of information about COVID-19 were individually entered in the univariate models.
cord-264133-yj100ryt	2020	Thematic groups identified within the literature included CISD (n = 5: included 2 studies with undefined organizationally-offered or -facilitated debriefing) and critical incident stress management (CISM, n = 1), as well as several peer support programs (n = 8) including types of psychological or mental health first aid and trauma risk management. Thematic groups identified within the literature included CISD (n = 5: included 2 studies with undefined organizationally-offered or -facilitated debriefing) and critical incident stress management (CISM, n = 1), as well as several peer support programs (n = 8) including types of psychological or mental health first aid and trauma risk management. The current review identified 14 studies measuring the effectiveness of peer support programs and crisis-focused psychological interventions among PSP and FHP following exposure to a PPTE with the hopes of mitigating PTSIs, and ultimately PTSD.
cord-264560-hxvadp24	2020	The Taiwanese authorities have made efforts to contain the importation of the disease by issuing travel advisories and implementing flight bans, entry restrictions, airport screening, home quarantining of travellers from high-risk areas, isolation of confirmed cases, and thorough contact tracing [11] [12] [13] . Travellers entering Taiwan with fever or respiratory symptoms must have oropharyngeal specimens collected for COVID-19 testing and are subject to home quarantining for 14 days, as are travellers from areas where the disease is epidemic. Of the imported cases, 32.7% were identified in airport screening, 27.7% during home quarantine, 16.2% through contact tracing, and 23.4% sought medical attention themselves and were reported by the hospitals (Table 3 ). Proactive border control measures to contain the importation of COVID-19 via airport screening, quarantining of travellers from epidemic areas, and thorough contact tracing are effective for preventing community transmission of this disease.
cord-264629-kuknvemy	2020	Our findings indicate that alcohol consumption, but not prescription drugs use, plays a relevant role in the attribution of blame by general population and self-blame by victims of IPV. The current study aims to explore the effect of prescription drugs and alcohol use on intimate partner violence victim blaming. Therefore, a correlational study was carried out among victims of intimate partner violence to evaluate whether alcohol and psychotropic drug consumption are positively related to self-blaming. Secondly, and focusing on intimate partner violence victims, we evaluated whether the reported consumption of alcohol and prescription drugs would be related to self-blame and self-blaming cognitions. With this goal in mind, the second study using a specific sample of IPV victims aimed to explore the effect that alcohol and prescription drugs have on self-blaming attribution for the violence they had experienced.
cord-264798-s31gncge	2020	This paper aims to examine residents'' health benefits from moving to a brand-new green city-Lingang New Town (LNT)-in Shanghai, thereby providing existing discussions on the relationship between sustainable urban planning and health with a new perspective rooted in housing modes. This paper aims to examine residents'' health benefits from moving to a brand-new green city-Lingang New Town (LNT)-in Shanghai, thereby providing existing discussions on the relationship between sustainable urban planning and health with a new perspective rooted in housing modes. We inspected residents'' perceptions of green space in LNT in seven dimensions that were acknowledged as green space''s key functions in the sustainable urban planning code: exercising, safety, accessibility, social interaction, commerce, public events, and environment quality. We inspected residents'' perceptions of green space in LNT in seven dimensions that were acknowledged as green space''s key functions in the sustainable urban planning code: exercising, safety, accessibility, social interaction, commerce, public events, and environment quality.
cord-264811-xbeipob9	2020	This study aims at assessing the impact of social distancing on the reduction of COVID-19 infected cases by constructing a mathematical model and using epidemiological data of incidences in Korea. An example of a scenario/policy-specific contact matrix of Seoul and Gyeonggi province-school closure with no social distancing, M C -is shown in Figure 3 ; a comparison with the equivalent version for Korea is provided in Figure S3 in Supplementary Section B. In the age-structured model developed in this study, we estimated the transmission rate by applying the contact matrix obtained from [25] to the actual incidence and population data for Seoul and Gyeonggi province. We estimated the transmission rate for each age group in seven distinct periods using the COVID-19 data and contact matrix for each age group and investigated the effect of social distancing on the control of the disease in the age-structured model under various scenarios.
cord-265786-nstd8xak	2020	Three groups of indicators were assessed: signs of distress (sense of danger, distress symptoms, and perceived threats), resilience (individual, community, and national), and subjective well-being (well-being, hope, and morale). Results indicated the following: (a) a significant increase in distress indicators, with effect sizes of sense of danger, distress symptoms, and perceived threats (Cohen''s d 0.614, 0.120, and 0.248, respectively); (b) a significant decrease in resilience indicators, with effect sizes of individual, community, and national resilience (Cohen''s d 0.153, 0.428, and 0.793, respectively); and (c) a significant decrease in subjective well-being indicators with effect sizes of well-being, hope, and morale (Cohen''s d 0.116, 0.336, and 0.199, respectively). To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the levels of distress, resilience, and subjective well-being of the Israeli population, a longitudinal study was designed based on two repeated measurements.
cord-265937-f39md0vk	2020	The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between self-concept and the use of the smartphone by university students in terms of gender. It should be noted that the two main constructs of this research (self-concept and the use of the smartphone) can influence each other, since one of the transcendental uses that young people give to the mobile phone is access to social networks in which they continually interact by publishing photographs with the intention of showing a lifestyle, real or imaginary. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between the self-concept of university students and the use they make of their mobile phones, also analyzing the gender variable. When analyzing the results obtained in the relationship between the dimensions of self-concept and the use of the smartphone, it is found that there are statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the academic and emotional self-concepts, with those subjects who have severe problems with the use of the mobile phone scoring in both dimensions lower.
cord-266239-l0ulr2ep	2020	Participants referenced younger family members as having introduced them to, and having taught them how to use, technologies such as digital devices, computers, and social networking sites. A particular gap in knowledge exists regarding the role of intergenerational elements in motivating older adults to learn how to use technology and associated ICTs. Across the globe, societies are aging rapidly due to increased life expectancy as a result of better health and social care, and lower birth rates [4] . The challenges to acquiring new technology skills and strategies for connecting with younger generations to overcome them suggest the importance of intergenerational influences on older adults'' understanding and use of technology, which must be further explored. Our study revealed findings similar to those noted above but for multiple digital technologies, which suggests a more universal and generalizable use of technologies among older adults to increase intergenerational family social interactions as a "digital gathering place".
cord-266257-hp11at50	2020	The focus of this longitudinal study is twofold: (1) To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 severity on Chinese college students'' mental health and life status and explore the underlying mechanisms of this effect during the peak time of the COVID-19, from February 19 to March 20, 2020; and (2) to assess the mitigation effects of exercise on negative emotions and advance a suitable physical activity level as a psychological intervention strategy to improve mental health. The focus of this longitudinal study is twofold: (1) To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 severity on Chinese college students'' mental health and life status and explore the underlying mechanisms of this effect during the peak time of the COVID-19, from February 19 to March 20, 2020; and (2) to assess the mitigation effects of exercise on negative emotions and advance a suitable physical activity level as a psychological intervention strategy to improve mental health.
cord-267034-s3hf4bo5	2020	Second, we evaluated the effect of an early lockdown on the trend of new cases, creating a counterfactual scenario where the intervention was implemented one week in advance. For this reason, we estimated the number of deaths and hospital admissions for COVID-19 that would have occurred if the lockdown had been implemented one week earlier than it was actually enforced. In the present analysis we used data on the daily number of COVID-19 cases, hospitalized patients, and deaths recorded in Italy from February 24th, the first day national data were made available, to May 3rd, the last day of implementation of the national lockdown. The late implementation of the lockdown in Italy was responsible for a substantial proportion of hospital admissions and deaths associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The late implementation of the lockdown in Italy was responsible for a substantial proportion of hospital admissions and deaths associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
cord-267874-k6tmu5gi	2020	Social and health determinants associated with higher COVID-19-related deaths were population density and asthma, indicative of urban areas, and poverty and unemployment, suggestive of rural areas. Using geographic information systems (GIS) and bivariate correlation analyses, this study investigated COVID-19 incidence and deaths from March 14, 2020 to April 8, 2020 at the county-level and the wider social, economic, and health context of emergence. Other indicators, although not as frequent suggest that COVID-19 incidence overlapped with higher rates of chronic conditions like asthma and diabetes, and also influenza, particularly in Denver, Morgan, and Weld counties. Social determinants such as poverty and unemployment, variables which have higher prevalence in rural areas in Colorado, were significantly and positively associated with COVID-19 case fatality rates. Some social and health determinant factors associated (not causal) with patterns of higher COVID-19-related death rates were population density and asthma hospitalization, suggestive of urban areas, and poverty and unemployment, suggestive of rural areas.
cord-267996-5l9shks8	2020	variables, such as a lack of access to adequate, enhanced PPE; individuals'' COVID-19 contraction risk assessments; self-reported feelings of anxiety regarding the disease; gender; the acknowledgement of national guidance on how to treat patients during the recent health care crisis; and other factors such as age, years of clinical experience, marital status, having children, place of residence, risk group for coronavirus infection due to comorbidities and, finally, dentists'' acknowledgement of the professional recommendations launched by the PDA and PMH. We also investigated factors such as age, years of clinical practice (Table 5) , marital status, having children, place of residence, belonging to the risk group for coronavirus infection due to comorbidities, and dentists'' opinions on the lasting impact of COVID-19 on dental procedures (Table 6 ) in relation to the decision to continue dental practice or not.
cord-268176-tb12txdf	2020	This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety among Brazilian children and its associated factors during social distancing during COVID-19. In logistic regression, the following variables were associated with higher CAQ scores: social distancing without parents; more persons living together in home; and education level of guardians. There were no statistically significant differences for NRS and the studied variables, but the prevalence of anxiety was highest among the children who maintained social distance with someone other than the parents (28.6%, n = 16). Higher levels of anxiety (CAQ ≥ 9) were associated with social distancing, the number of persons at home, guardians'' age, and education level of the guardians. The prevalence of anxiety among the children during the COVID-19 pandemic in this group was 19.4% (n = 56), according to the CAQ, and 21.8% (n = 63), according to the NRS.
cord-268716-lbxmteyn	2020	
cord-268779-qbn3i2nq	2020	In this work, we propose a simulation model for the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia using a network-based epidemic model. The proposed model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the control measures employed by the Saudi government, to predict the future dynamics of the disease in Saudi Arabia according to different scenarios, and to investigate multiple vaccination strategies. We aimed to match the model simulations with empirical data and then used the model to evaluate the effectiveness of the control measures employed by the Saudi government, to predict the future dynamics of the disease in Saudi Arabia according to different scenarios, and to predict the percentage of individuals that must be vaccinated to stop the outbreak (when a vaccine becomes available). Volz [35] modeled SIR dynamics on a static random network, which represents the population structure of susceptible and infected individuals and their contact patterns with an arbitrary degree distribution.
cord-269969-xl1ooxoj	2020	title: Digital Healthy Diet Literacy and Self-Perceived Eating Behavior Change during COVID-19 Pandemic among Undergraduate Nursing and Medical Students: A Rapid Online Survey We examined the psychometric properties of digital healthy diet literacy (DDL) and its association with eating behavior changes during the COVID-19 pandemic among nursing and medical students. We conducted a cross-sectional study from 7 April to 31 May 2020 at 10 public universities in Vietnam, in which 7616 undergraduate students aged 19–27 completed an online survey to assess socio-demographics, clinical parameters, health literacy (HL), DDL, and health-related behaviors. We examined the psychometric properties of an expanded digital healthy diet literacy (DDL) domain of health literacy to investigate associations between DDL and eating behavior changes during the COVID-19 pandemic among nursing and medical students at 10 public universities in Vietnam. In this study, our findings illustrate that higher scores of health literacy and digital healthy diet literacy were positively associated with healthier eating behavior during the pandemic for both nursing and medical students.
cord-270796-ixpt6jnr	2020	title: Human Saliva: Non-Invasive Fluid for Detecting Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Within a day, this condition spread to other provinces in China, and health authorities started immediate investigation to characterize and isolated the virus, which, by 7 January 2020, was named the Novel Coronavirus (nCoV) [1] . On 9 January 2020, WHO published guidelines for the detection of 2019-nCoV using respiratory materials (nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab in ambulatory patients and sputum (if produced) and endotracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with more severe respiratory disease) and serum for serological testing (https://www.who.int/publications-detail/laboratory-testing-for-2019novel-coronavirus-in-suspected-human-cases-20200117 accessed on 28 February 2020). On 12 February 2020, a breakthrough was reported regarding the accuracy of a human saliva sample from eleven COVID-19 patients in a Hong Kong hospital [13] . In this study, consistent detection of coronavirus was reported in the saliva of patients admitted from the first day of hospitalization.
cord-270948-qfsjtflv	2020	The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) study and studies of the Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA) such as the Drug Affinity Study have collected data on awareness about and use of WP, differentiated according to migration background, frequency of consumption, and combined consumption of tobacco cigarettes, WPs, e-products, and tobacco heaters [16, 30] . More specifically, based on data of the second wave of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2), in the present study, we aimed to (i) investigate the prevalence of WP consumption among 11-to 17-year-old boys and girls; (ii) describe the frequency of WP use and the self-assessed smoking status; (iii) examine the associations between sociodemographic factors, smoking status and WP consumption among adolescents; and (iv) to monitor trends between the previous and the current wave of the KiGGS study.
cord-271736-29oavyc4	2020	To identify key concepts for inclusion in disability-related questions, we examined 10 instruments of potential significance and relevance to disability data collection and measurement in the NSW public sector with reference to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) [12] . The key concepts and terms identified in Stage 1 were used in different combinations, to draft five D questions (designed to identify employees with disability) and five E questions (designed to identify environmental factors that can facilitate, or act as barriers to, full and effective workplace participation); these questions were tested in focus groups with NSW public sector employees (Supplementary S1). The use of the word "disability" in the questions appears to exclude some people from responding, e.g., those with functioning difficulties arising from long term health conditions; this is the balance of evidence from the online survey statistics, text responses, and focus group results.
cord-271765-altqn10l	2020	
cord-271853-wexe9gq0	2020	The central government has played a proactive role by issuing a number of key policies in the field of social security, effectively relieving the anxiety of patients infected with Covid-19 and their families from the financial burden of medical treatment, and also fully mobilizing social resources to effectively support the resumption of work and production. Therefore, this article will specifically analyze how different types of current social security programs have responded to the outbreak and the outcome of the pandemic-related crisis and highlight the However, interventions through social protection policy and questions that must be reconsidered in relation to disease-related crises have been largely neglected in academic research. Effective medical security measures, mainly medical social insurance, were taken in a timely manner during the Covid-19 crisis in China, so that patients and their families are relieved from worrying about treatment costs, specifically: (1) Shortly after the outbreak, the state issued a policy to include drugs and medical services for the treatment of the new coronavirus as part of the payment range for the medical insurance fund.
cord-271887-blwrpf38	2020	Our initial examination of the suitability of the PHC and its associated technologies as a key contributor to public health responses is designed to "flatten the curve", particularly among unreached high-risk NCD populations in developing countries. Portable Health Clinic (PHC) services, which is an RHS, have proven efficacy in providing necessary information and preventive measures for people without access to healthcare facilities [17] [18] [19] . No previous study to date has examined the scopes of designing and developing an RHS based on the general requirements to facilitate primary screening and triaging COVID-19 and primary healthcare services for preventing COVID-19 and controlling NCDs. However, such screening and triaging COVID-19 by an RHS is important for cost-effective check-ups and for reducing the risk of transmission for unreached communities with various needs. In its existing functional form, deploying the PHC and related RHS technologies for socially distanced populations during a public health emergency, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, is beneficial in reducing the risk of transmission to frontline healthcare professionals.
cord-271898-cct702cv	2020	The main aim of this study was to assess the association between HL and eHL with the opinions about vaccinations and the introduction of the ST held by a representative sample of the adult Polish population. According to the systematic review published by Lopez et al., higher acceptance of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was associated most consistently with female gender and younger age of respondent parent, female gender of the adolescent, higher household income and previous childhood vaccinations [35] . Finally, the systematic review with a meta-analysis based on 20 papers reporting the results of 22 studies, published in 2019 by Eykelenboom et al., showed that 42% of the public supported the SSB tax; 39% accepted it as a measure to reduce obesity, and 66% supported it if the revenue is used for some type of health-improving initiative [70] .
cord-272406-h22atwd4	2020	Methods: This study was voluntarily attended by 419 Italian school principals who were administered the Psychological Stress Measurement (MSP), Mindfulness Organizing Scale (MOS), Polychronic-Monochronic Tendency Scale (PMTS), and the Scale of Emotions at Work (SEW). The effect of depressive anxiety on perceived discomfort (ß = 0.517) found a protective mediator in the mindfulness component that recognizes the sharing as a fundamental operational tool (ß = −0.206), while an increasing sense of effort and confusion could significantly amplify the experience of psychological discomfort associated with the exercise of school leadership (ß = 0.254). The first analyses of our study have indicated that the general perception of the principal''s working discomfort presents on the one hand an association with the level of stress, which contributes to increase the value of the discomfort, and on the other hand an equally significant association with organizing Mindfulness, which can substantially limit the negative effects of stress on perceived discomfort.
cord-272497-ww9o1kjr	2020	The current study aims to assess the trajectory of the recent pandemic due to the COVID-19 outbreak utilizing a new splitting methodology of the selected countries into two groups and developing regression-based and SIR-based statistical models and tools that depict the actual recorded data of COVID-19. Figure 1 was generated to show the recorded daily total infected cases of the world over a certain timeframe (22 January 2020 until present), which shows that the COVID-19 disease started to increase slowly until about 11 March and then accelerated at a faster speed afterwards. Figure 1 was generated to show the recorded daily total infected cases of the world over a certain timeframe (22 January 2020 until present), which shows that the COVID-19 disease started to increase slowly until about 11 March and then accelerated at a faster speed afterwards.
cord-273565-0en2sl3q	2020	title: Facial Skin Temperature and Discomfort When Wearing Protective Face Masks: Thermal Infrared Imaging Evaluation and Hands Moving the Mask The aim of the present study was to compare the facial skin temperature and the heat flow when wearing medical surgical masks to the same factors when wearing N95 respirators. Infrared thermal evaluation was performed to measure the facial temperature of the perioral region and the perception ratings related to the humidity, heat, breathing difficulty, and discomfort were recorded. The study results suggest that N95 respirators are able to induce an increased facial skin temperature, greater discomfort and lower wearing adherence when compared to the medical surgical masks. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate facial skin temperature, discomfort and hands moving the mask when wearing surgical masks or N95 respirators, with thermal Infrared Imaging.
cord-274459-781by93r	2020	Our review aims to evaluate strategies of the most affected countries from different continents all over the world (China, Italy, Germany, France, Spain, America, Canada, Brazil, UK, India, Japan, Singapore, Iran, Korea, and Australia) for confronting the epidemic as it explains the best practices that could help other countries to overcome current or any upcoming pandemic. Most countries were forced to announce emergency measures to protect vulnerable people and block ways of transmission due to the continuous increase in confirmed cases by time as reported in Figure 3 [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] . Most countries were forced to announce emergency measures to protect vulnerable people and block ways of transmission due to the continuous increase in confirmed cases by time as reported in Figure 3 [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] .
cord-274774-klystgj4	2020	title: How Incivility and Academic Stress Influence Psychological Health among College Students: The Moderating Role of Gratitude The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between incivility, academic stress, and psychological health, as well as investigate the moderating role of gratitude. Sample t-tests were used to examine whether there were gender differences in terms of four continuous variables: incivility, stress, gratitude, and psychological wellbeing. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test convergent and discriminant validities of main variables (i.e., incivility, academic stress, gratitude, and psychological distress). Using a sample of 895 students recruited from a university in South China, we investigated the relationships between incivility, academic stress, gratitude, and psychological distress. Using a sample of 895 students recruited from a university in South China, we investigated the relationships between incivility, academic stress, gratitude, and psychological distress. Moreover, we compared differences between male and female students with respect to incivility, academic stress, gratitude, and psychological distress.
cord-274778-wds40e6i	2020	title: Information on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Daily Newspapers'' Front Pages: Case Study of Spain and Italy The study analyzes 72 front pages of El País and El Mundo in Spain and Italy''s Corriere della Sera and La Repubblica, collecting 710 news items and 3456 data evidences employing a mixed method (both qualitative and quantitative) based on content analysis and hemerographic analysis. Based on the trust placed on the printed media-as the most credible and rigorous media-this research analyzes a total of 72 front pages of the main daily newspapers in Spain and Italy (36 each) . The research, based on previous studies [33] , analyzes a total of 710 news items extracted from 72 front pages of the four main daily newspapers of Spain and Italy (36 per country). Nonetheless, while in Spain it occupies 62% of the front page; in Italy COVID-19 related pieces cover a striking 80% of the information (see Figure 9 ).
cord-275711-ejw3ausf	2020	This study is one of the first to analyse the impact of the isolation period caused by COVID-19 on the training (intensity and volume) and recovery conditions (quantity and quality of sleep) of professional and non-professional handball players according to the influence of transitory psychological factors (moods) and personality trait (emotional intelligence and resilience). Based on the results yielded: (i) training and recovery conditions of the handball players were modified during the isolation period, reducing the intensity-RPE (in the whole sample), volume-Tdays and Thours (especially in professional female handball players) and sleep quality-Squality (especially in professional male handball players) and increasing sleep hours-Shours (especially in non-professional female players); and (ii) the psychological factors analysed (mood, emotional intelligence, and resilience) had an impact on training and recovery conditions, except for sleep quantity, during the Covid-19 lockdown.
cord-277077-kwaiorp8	2020	The main purpose of this paper is to create a yoghurt with high antioxidant capacity, using only raw materials from Romania; (2) Methods: The bioactive components used to enrich the cow milk yoghurt were extracted as volatile oils out of four aromatic plants: basil, mint, lavender and fennel. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhy-drazyl (DPPH) method was used to determine the antioxidant activity; (3) Results: The results show that cow milk yoghurt enhanced with volatile oils of basil, lavender, mint and fennel, encapsulated in sodium alginate has an antioxidant and antimicrobial effect as a staple food with multiple effects in increasing the body''s immunity. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of volatile fennel oil is offered by the high content of trans-anethole (63.30%), pinene (11.11%) and fenchone (8.32%) [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an aromatic plant that belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is considered a rich source of essential oils.
cord-277228-zk4arqw5	2020	The questionnaire was designed to evaluate preparedness according to knowledge about virus transmission and protective measures, adherence to protection guidelines, and psychological impacts affecting doctors. Doctors having institutional protocols for dealing with COVID-19 cases and those with sustained availability of PPE reported higher scores of preparedness (5.5 ± 2.3 and 6.2 ± 2.1 with p < 0.001, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the preparedness of frontline doctors to COVID-19 outbreak in Jordan and in the Middle East. Independent t-test was used to investigate for significant associations between self-reported preparedness score, knowledge score, and adherence score with gender, presence of institutional protocol for dealing with COVID-19 patients, availability of PPE, psychological interactions, institutional support, and previously dealing with COVID-19-positive or suspected patients. Institutional preparedness is reflected by making safety measures available for doctors and by providing clear protocols to deal with COVID-19 patients.
cord-277558-w2srv5em	2020	This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on the insurance industry by studying the case of Ghana from March to June 2020. Due to the cancellation of travels, events and other economic losses, the Ghanaian insurance industry witnessed a loss currently estimated at GH Ȼ112 million. Abstract: This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on the insurance industry by studying the case of Ghana from March to June 2020. Due to the cancellation of travels, events and other economic losses, the Ghanaian insurance industry witnessed a loss currently estimated at GH Novel origin of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus nucleoprotein gene segment Novel swine-origin influenza virus A (H1N1): The first pandemic of the 21st century The Ebola epidemic: A global health emergency Newly discovered ebola virus associated with hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Uganda Assessing the Impact of a Pandemic on the Life Insurance Industry in South Africa
cord-278870-pct184oa	2020	title: The Combined Effect of Perceived COVID-19 Infection Risk at Work and Identification with Work Community on Psychosocial Wellbeing among Finnish Social Sector and Health Care Workers We examined the combined effect of perceived risk associated with COVID-19 infection at work and work community identification on psychosocial well-being (i.e., frequency of stress symptoms) among health care and social sector workers in Finland (N = 1279). Thus, when occupational organizations consider protective strategies against stress that is related to COVID-19 infection risk at work among social sector and health care workers, promoting identification with their work community might be one key protective factor that can buffer this stress. This article analyses the combined effect of the perceived risk associated with COVID-19 infection at work with work community identification on psychosocial well-being (i.e., frequency of stress symptoms) among health care and social sector workers in Finland.
cord-279116-auo80gaq	2020	title: Prejudice and Feeling of Threat towards Syrian Refugees: The Moderating Effects of Precarious Employment and Perceived Low Outgroup Morality In this research study, using a Spanish sample, prejudice towards Syrian refugees is analyzed taking into account feeling of threat (realistic or symbolic), precarious employment, and perceived outgroup morality. Nevertheless, until now there have been no studies that have taken an analysis of outgroup threat in relation to prejudice towards refugees into account in the Spanish context, with this being an essential variable for the understanding of intergroup relations, formation of negative stereotypes towards outgroups [13] [14] [15] and as such, for mental health and psychological wellbeing. In this study, we seek to determine the role of outgroup threat in its two dimensions, realistic and symbolic, in the ethnic prejudice of the Spanish population towards Syrian refugees.
cord-279864-5ouuu49v	2020	title: Children''s Respiratory Infections in Tianjin Area, China: Associations with Home Environments and Lifestyles We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Tianjin area, China to quantify the incidence of respiratory infections among children, and its association with home environments and lifestyles. Household activities and environmental exposure at home are suspected risk factors for respiratory infections among children, especially in low income countries [7] . Exposure to home indoor air pollutants such as ETS [18] and chemical sources [19] have also been reported to be associated with respiratory infections among children. Dampness, condensation on windowpanes, moldy/perceived dry air, modern decoration materials and less frequency of sun-curing bed sheets were the greatest risk factors for croup, pneumonia, ear infections and common colds. It was found that modern floor covering, perceived dry air (a proxy of indoor pollution), condensation on windowpanes (a proxy of poor ventilation), less sun-curing bedsheets and cesarean delivery are significantly associated with childhood infections.
cord-281741-wzsrqc7p	2019	To investigate the quantitative relationships between epidemic characteristics (e.g., cumulative incidence, onset week, and duration) and socioeconomic factors, including Urban ratio, PopDensity, PGDP, Income, Hospital, Hos-bed, Doctor, College, MidSchool, PriSchool, CollegeStu, MidSchoolStu, PriSchoolStu, and Pig, as well as the network structure parameters of the city vertices calculated above and to quantify the contribution of road transportation and the spatial distance to the spread of the influenza virus, we used spatial autoregressive models [33] performed in MATLAB. To investigate the quantitative relationships between epidemic characteristics (e.g., cumulative incidence, onset week, and duration) and socioeconomic factors, including Urban ratio, PopDensity, PGDP, Income, Hospital, Hos-bed, Doctor, College, MidSchool, PriSchool, CollegeStu, MidSchoolStu, PriSchoolStu, and Pig, as well as the network structure parameters of the city vertices calculated above and to quantify the contribution of road transportation and the spatial distance to the spread of the influenza virus, we used spatial autoregressive models [33] performed in MATLAB.
cord-281961-5mdiwzvc	2020	This study examines how social media has affected risk communication in uncertain contexts and its impact on the emotions and sentiments derived from the semantic analysis in Spanish society during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study has allowed for the Some reasons include political parties'' criticism of the government''s management, contradictions of the experts, the constant increase of infected and dead, Spain being among the most affected countries, the state of confinement suffered by society not always in the best conditions, the anxiety of not having financial resources, the population''s insecurity in the face of a public health crisis with global effects that are caused by millions of infected people and hundreds of thousands of deaths in the world.
cord-283175-kh2rm2ir	2020	Perceived efficacy has been studied in relation to a variety of general health measures, including engaging in physical activity, receiving vaccinations, and complying with medical treatment among psychiatric outpatients [11] [12] [13] ; the literature suggests that it is a key determinant for compliance with preventive health behaviors and that "only when a person feels that the recommended behavior is likely to lead to the desired outcome will adoption of the recommendations occur" ( [14] , p. In this vein, the present study sought to explore the relationship between civic engagement (specifically, civic attitudes), perceived efficacy, self-efficacy, and compliance with protective health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this vein, the present study sought to explore the relationship between civic engagement (specifically, civic attitudes), perceived efficacy, self-efficacy, and compliance with protective health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
cord-283398-wplz8o2k	2020	Through this scoping review, we seek to enter into this conversation regarding barriers to obtaining PID by highlighting the ways in which the problems posed by a lack of PID are particularly pronounced for people living in rural, northern, and remote access communities-people whom we already know experience poorer health outcomes than residents in metropolitan and suburban areas, and whom to date have been largely ignored in the scholarship [8] . In Canada, for instance, Indigenous people make up a significant proportion of the population in the rural and provincial north, and further clarity is needed on the unique PID problems facing this population, such as birth registration and the acquisition of birth certificates, as well as the difficulties of obtaining PID in areas with extremely limited access to state social and health services [6] .
cord-283514-7rjo9k4d	2020	title: Impact of COVID-19Quarantine on Low Back Pain Intensity, Prevalence, and Associated Risk Factors among Adult Citizens Residing in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia): A Cross-Sectional Study This study aimed to estimate the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quarantine on low back pain (LBP) intensity, prevalence, and associated risk factors among adults in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia). Furthermore, during the quarantine, a significantly higher LBP intensity was reported by those individuals who (a) were aged between 35 and 49 years old, (b) had a body mass index equal to or exceeding 30, (c) underwent higher levels of stress, (d) did not comply with the ergonomic recommendations, (e) were sitting for long periods, (f) did not practice enough physical activity (PA), and (g) underwent teleworking or distance learning. In this context, the present study''s purpose was to estimate the effect of the mentioned quarantine on LBP intensity, prevalence, and risk factors among adult citizens residing in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia).
cord-283537-49ic7p3u	2015	Here we identified potential meteorological factors that drove the seasonal variations in influenza infections in a subtropical city, Hong Kong. From the results, air temperature was a common significant driver of seasonal patterns and cold temperature was associated with an increase in transmission intensity for most of the influenza epidemics. In this study, meteorological determinants that could drive the seasonal variations of influenza in Hong Kong were investigated by a mathematical model. The weekly average of meteorological parameters: air temperature, relative humidity, total rainfall, total solar radiation, wind direction, and wind speed from 2002 to 2009 were collected from the Hong Kong Observatory. Through modulating the transmission rates by the meteorological factors in an infectious disease model, the seasonal variations of influenza infections could be well-depicted. This study identified the potential meteorological drivers for the seasonal variations of influenza in a subtropical city, Hong Kong.
cord-283771-hh4p7cg3	2014	[10] argued that knowledge, especially objective knowledge, would affect attitude and enhance self-efficacy (perceived behavioral control, PBC), but they did not test the correlation between subjective knowledge and TPB. In other words, this study hypothesizes that favorable attitudes, high subjective norms, and good perceived behavioral control enhance the behavioral intention of rabies vaccination. Four sections evaluated attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention as to whether owners would take their dogs to receive the rabies vaccine injection. For this study, we used SEM to verify whether TPB can explain the intention of people to have their dogs vaccinated and whether knowledge of rabies can positively affect people''s attitude and perceived behavioral control. Therefore, people who had a more positive attitude, stronger subjective norms, and more perceptive behavioral control would have stronger behavioral intention to take their dogs for vaccination against rabies.
cord-284272-68ykes60	2020	Therefore, the goal of the present study is to investigate the emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to the extent to which a comprehensive set of socio-demographic, behavioral, and personality/cognitive correlate with well-being just at the beginning of the quarantine in Spain (first three days). Status during the Beginning of the Quarantine (First Three Days) and Comparison with Data from the General Population Before the Quarantine As indicated in Table 3 , participants in the present study reported more depressed mood (t = 5.79, p < 0.001, d = 0.30) and anger (t = 4.81, p < 0.001, d = 0.25), as well as less vigor (t = −12.49, p < 0.001, d = 0.69) and friendliness (t = −9.41, p < 0.001, d = 0.47) compared to data from the general population previous to the current COVID-19 crisis [17] .
cord-285223-07o9irev	2020	title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Professionals on COVID-19 and Risk Assessment to Prevent the Epidemic Spread: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study from Punjab, Pakistan A 39-itemed questionnaire based on the World Health Organization (WHO)COVID-19 risk assessment tool was shared with healthcare professionals in three purposively selected key divisions of Punjab province. Avoiding cross-infection from patients along with effective care delivery can be achieved if the healthcare professionals, including physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and other medical staff, have sufficient knowledge, a positive attitude, and better practices about COVID-19. A recent study reported the deficiencies in the awareness and preparedness of medical professionals regarding COVID-19 in Pakistan and demonstrated that frontline health workers were not well-prepared to prevent and control the infection [14] . A cross-sectional study to examine the knowledge, attitude, practices, and risk assessment of HCPs regarding coronavirus and its associated disease (COVID-19) was conducted.
cord-285386-kvo544hh	2020	Some studies have found that entrepreneurial passion has a mediating role in the relationship between self-efficacy and sustainability, indicating that emotion has an important value in entrepreneurship [67] ; based on the Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (FSQCA), some researchers conducted causal and effective decision tests on the structural effects of entrepreneurial passion, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and risk perception [68] . It is of positive value to study the emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial self-efficacy of vocational college students for the development of entrepreneurial education. This study explores the entrepreneurial self-efficacy and emotional intelligence of a sample of Chinese vocational college students. This study explores the entrepreneurial self-efficacy and emotional intelligence of a sample of Chinese vocational college students. First, our research showed that there is a positive correlation between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and emotional intelligence reported by vocational college students. First, our research showed that there is a positive correlation between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and emotional intelligence reported by vocational college students.
cord-285513-pkqos0s5	2020	Therefore, the aim of this case study was to investigate how urgent dental health care was managed in Norway, what additional infection prevention and control measures were employed by dental staff and to assess the dental staff perception of risk and workplace preparedness. Out of the dental staff working in clinics designated to treat patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19, up to 20% reported not to have available respirators FFP2 or FFP3 standard or equivalent, gowns and aprons in their workplace; there was a significant difference among the county incidence categories. Dental staff in public sector, OR 0.3 (CI 0.2; 0.5) and those working at clinics not designated to treat patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19, OR 0.6 (0.4; 0.9) were less positive to preparedness of their workplace regarding infection control equipment. In the present study, the majority of the dental staff working at the clinics designated to treat patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19, reported to follow local guidelines for additional infection prevention and control developed by county and university.
cord-285526-xm9yj5ua	2020	We aim to present the first study in Malaysia to report the reproduction numbers and develop a mathematical model forecasting COVID-19 transmission by including isolation, quarantine, and movement control measures. Thus, the parameter ζ represents the effect of social distancing and the parameter κ reflects the proportion of the exposed people complying to practicing hand-hygiene, use of face masks, and any form of individual effective precautionary measures [24] , which depicts the model in simulating the control measures taken in preventing COVID-19 transmission in Malaysia. Despite the low (β) value in our study, it is vital that MCO measures be instituted to control the outbreak, as was observed with the exponential rise of cases during the second wave of COVID-19 in Malaysia due to the effect of a mass gathering event. This study recommends the implementation of MCO measures, which are effective in controlling the COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia, showing an observed reduction of peak active cases by 99.1%.
cord-287196-re4sosff	2020	The results found that the perceived threat of COVID-19 contagion (emotional and cognitive threat) was positively correlated with physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion, which led toward agonistic behaviour. Further, perceived social support was a key moderator that negatively affected the relationships between agonistic behaviour and physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Therefore, our study also examined the moderating role of PSS on the association between selected strain factors (physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion) and the agonistic behaviour of frontline paramedics. Moreover, the sequential process of the SSO model has been used to test the theoretical avowals made in this study, which includes how perceived threat of COVID-19 affect the agonistic behaviour of frontline paramedics by creating physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Our study concludes that the effect of perceived COVID-19 threat on predicting greater levels of physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion among frontline healthcare paramedics may contribute to their agonistic behaviour.
cord-287426-tzqke3ci	2020	Hence, the aims of this study were: (1) to analyse the psychometric structure of the WAI-TECH-SF, a questionnaire designed to assess the TA between the patient and the online program in a self-guided IBI; (2) to explore whether there are differences in WAI-TECH-SF scores based on sex, age-range, level of education, initial severity of depression, preference for any of the treatments offered, and expectations about and credibility of the treatment; and (3) to explore whether higher WAI-TECH-SF scores predict the therapeutic outcomes (i.e., change in depressive symptom scores) and satisfaction with the treatment. The objectives of this study were: (1) to explore the psychometric structure of a questionnaire (i.e., the WAI-TECH-SF) designed to assess the TA with an online program in a self-guided IBI and CBT program in a sample of depressive patients in the context of the National Health Systems of different European countries; (2) to analyse whether there were differences in the WAI-TECH-SF scores based on several socio-demographic variables, initial symptoms of depression, preference for any of the treatments offered, and expectations and credibility towards the treatment; and (3) to study the capacity of the WAI-TECH-SF scores to predict the therapeutic outcomes (i.e., changes in depressive symptoms) and satisfaction with the treatment.
cord-288184-fa1niz51	2020	In this paper, the telemedicine manual is introduced to provide insights into the development of mental health interventions for COVID-19 and other large-scale disasters in the upcoming new-normal era. The center uses herbal medicine (mainly Qing-Fei-Pai-Du-Tang) with established protocols based on multidisciplinary expert discussions and empirical evidence [14] , and the center also used telemedicine in conjunction with mind-body modalities (including mindfulness meditation) to improve the mental health of COVID-19 patients in Korea. The center uses herbal medicine (mainly Qing-Fei-Pai-Du-Tang) with established protocols based on multidisciplinary expert discussions and empirical evidence [14] , and the center also used telemedicine in conjunction with mind-body modalities (including mindfulness meditation) to improve the mental health of COVID-19 patients in Korea. Throughout the manual, KM doctors categorized the potential psychological condition of individuals, and explained the symptoms that may happen in this stressful situation and guided potentially useful mind-body interventions.
cord-288392-khjo6j8u	2020	This paper provides a quantifiable spatial indicators framework to assess local lived environments according to each Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFC) domain. The spatial measures used to assess this included: walkability (with and without footpaths); access to public open space; access to public transport; housing affordability; housing diversity; government owned dwellings (social housing); access to services for older people; libraries; universities of the 3rd Age; places of worship; volunteering; households with internet access; aged care facilities; and access to General Practitioners. Objective spatial measures of the lived environment are critical for the following reasons: to simplify assessments of AFC; to provide a foundation level of knowledge about the age-friendliness of an environment; to assist local and state government planning by informing and monitoring future actions and interventions needed to promote healthy ageing in communities; and to include older people into targets of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda.
cord-288394-h9hozu9j	2020	The simulation model estimated the highest number of total daily new COVID-19 cases, in the pre-symptomatic compartmental state, to be 65 cases, with an epidemic curve growing to its peak in 49 days and terminating in a duration of 83 days, and a total simulated cumulative case count of 1048 cases. The simulated epidemic curves for COVID-19 provided evidence that Jordan may have successfully implemented NPI measures that facilitated suppressing (containing) the spread of the epidemic by reducing the number of daily new reported cases and the total duration of the epidemic. The simulated epidemic curves for COVID-19 provided evidence that Jordan may have successfully implemented NPI measures that facilitated suppressing (containing) the spread of the epidemic by reducing the number of daily new reported cases and the total duration of the epidemic.
cord-288409-idq780jb	2016	title: Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours of Healthcare Workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to MERS Coronavirus and Other Emerging Infectious Diseases Objectives: The aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, infection control practices and educational needs of HCWs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to MERS coronavirus and other emerging infectious diseases. The majority of respondents believed that patients with MERS-CoV and other emerging infectious diseases should be managed in specialised centres, but a significant proportion also agreed that general hospitals also had a role in managing such patients. A high proportion of respondents agreed that emergency department overcrowding, poor hand hygiene and mask use contributed to the risk of HCW being infected with MERS-CoV. This study also showed significant proportion with personal experience of MERS-CoV either as HCW at institutions caring for cases or being investigated for possible infection following contact with cases [10] .
cord-289378-ghmqd3yv	2020	We determined the subjective physical and psychological health states, cognitive and affective construct of health belief, perceived social support, mental health problems, adoption of protective behavior and demographic characteristics among 1954 respondents (1305 women and 649 men; mean age: 37.9 years with standard deviation 10.8 years). The association between the deterioration of physical and psychological health and adoption of protective behaviors against COVID-19 (avoiding crowded places, washing hands, and wearing a mask) and mental health problems (general anxiety, sleep problems, and suicidal ideation) was examined using multivariate logistic regression after controlling for the effects of gender, age, and educational level. Table 2 presents the results of the univariate logistic regression model examining the associations between demographic characteristics, cognitive and affective constructs of health beliefs related to COVID-19, perceived social support, and the subjective deterioration of physical and psychological health.
cord-289451-yjrh5l4u	2020	title: Social Distancing among Medical Students during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in China: Disease Awareness, Anxiety Disorder, Depression, and Behavioral Activities We enrolled medical students studying public health in Beijing and Wuhan to assess their COVID-19 awareness and to evaluate their mental health status/behaviors using a self-administered questionnaire. A 2020 COVID-19 survey in China found that many respondents (including students) reported symptoms of moderate to severe anxiety and depression [8] . We studied the associations between COVID-19 distancing and the lives of public health students on anxiety [14] , depression, and other behaviors. We also examined the differences among public health students in two universities, Capital Medical University (CCMU) in Beijing, and Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) in Wuhan, the early epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among the medical students in two schools of public health at two universities: CCMU in Beijing and HUST in Wuhan.
cord-291113-iizj932l	2020	It is time to consider a dental practice quite similar to a hospital surgery room, where particular attention should be paid to problems related to the spread of infections caused by air and surface contaminations, especially a time when viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 have emerged as an important public health problem due to their ability to spread through close person-to-person contact. Ultraviolet light has proven effective against corona viruses and, therefore, could be used against COVID-19 both in the case of bioaerosols and in the sterilization of contaminated environmental surfaces in which this microorganism is present-in particular, on products of unstable composition that cannot be treated by conventional means [62, 63] . Now that the risk of spreading COVID-19 is very high, it is necessary to pay particular attention to all the sterilization procedures that should be reviewed, improved, and perhaps used in combinations to obtain a final result that aims to complete the sterilization of all structures present in the operating room, including air, which for some dangerous diseases, such as SARS-CoV-2, is the transmission route.
cord-291535-91j1lleq	2020	This report outlines how the ambulatory clinical practices of a large U.S. hospital system optimized its electronic health records (EHR) framework to better record e-cigarettes used by patients. During a 30-week evaluation period post-implementation, 638,804 patients (12 yrs and older) completed ambulatory appointments within the health system; of these, the new section contained e-cigarette use information for 37,906 (6%) patients. The evidence suggests that many clinicians record e-cigarette information within the "tobacco use" section of the EHR, along with multiple combustible tobacco products (cigarettes, cigars, pipes, etc.), or as free-text entries as a part of their clinical notes [11, 12] . Analysis: The utilization rate of the new section in EHR was assessed by a report of the total number of responses recorded for the selected variables (i.e., e-cigarette use, types of devices, and counseling status) during the evaluation period.
cord-291916-5yqc3zcx	2020	
cord-292173-95t89yee	2020	Several authors have highlighted the importance of telephone triage and/or clinic questionnaires, body temperature measurement, usage of personal protective equipment, surface disinfection with ethanol between 62% and 71%, high-speed instruments equipped with an anti-retraction system, four-handed work, and large-volume cannulas for aspiration. The aim of this narrative review is to investigate preventive measures in dental practice by assessing the operator and patient health protection during the new COVID-19 emergency by considering past experiences in terms of prevention, as the virus was only recently discovered. In addition, a second search was made: "masks" OR "disinfectants" OR "PPE" OR "dental equipment" AND "Covid-19" OR "coronavirus" OR "SARS-CoV-2". instead obtained diametrically opposing results; they showed, through a randomized controlled clinical study on 3591 subjects, that health workers who used N95 masks continuously during the shift or in situations considered to be at high risk, presented an 85% chance of not contracting a viral infection transmitted via droplets [36] .
cord-292409-hz5qj1fw	2020	In this context, it is necessary to discuss a model of assistance in occupational health that is capable of reviewing the central characteristics of the biomedical healthcare assistance model, including: (i) organization of practices focused on the identification of signs and symptoms and the treatment of diseases, with health promotion not being a priority; (ii) assistance is organized based on individual spontaneous demand, with an emphasis on specialization and the use of hard technologies; (iii) the work is developed in a fragmented, hierarchical manner and with inequality across different professional categories; (iv) difficulty in implementing the integrated care due to the lack of understanding of the individual as a multidimensional human being, as well as the lack of communication and integration between the services involved; (v) health planning is seldom used as a management tool; (vi) the training of health professionals is specialized, based on the hegemony of scientific knowledge; and (vii) themes such as interdisciplinary, people-centered care, attachment, and welcoming are not prioritized.
cord-293117-hkkbqorv	2020	We studied the associations between the type of authorship and the country of publication with other variables (such as the number of likes and basic measures to prevent COVID-19 according to the World Health Organization, among others) with univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model. The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the YouTube videos that provide information in Spanish on the basic measures for preventing COVID-19. In particular, videos produced by health professionals showed, compared to those made by the mass media, a higher probability of reporting on washing hands frequently, respiratory hygiene, and avoiding touching the face as measures to prevent COVID-19 (Table 2) . This study is the first to evaluate the characteristics of YouTube videos that provide information specifically in Spanish on the basic measures indicated by the WHO to prevent the transmission of COVID-19.
cord-293861-n6733nfd	2020	Risk analysis capabilities were applied to estimate the relationships between socioeconomic status, which was characterized by quintiles of a multidimensional composite indicator (deprivation index), and mortality due to thromboembolic diseases as well as antithrombotic medications for the year 2016 at the district level in Hungary. Although data on the level and availability of secondary prevention at the country level would be essential for planning and targeting national health system policies that can decrease premature CVD mortality and morbidity, only a few studies have been published on the link between the utilization of antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants (hereafter antithrombotic agents) for preventive purposes and socioeconomic status. Since physicians in general practice play a major role in initiating, coordinating, and providing long-term follow-up for the prevention of non-communicable diseases [23] , our study examined the prescription and redemption rates of the most common oral antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants prescribed for thrombosis prevention from all general practices and defined their relationships with socioeconomic status in Hungary.
cord-294593-mh1uh1b3	2020	Some of these issues include the inefficacy of conventional payment mechanisms in providing incentives for providers, practice guidelines in pain management that are not easily implementable across different medical specialties, barriers in adopting multi-modal pain management strategies, low capacity of providers/treatments to address opioid/substance use disorders, the complexity of addressing the co-occurrence of chronic pain and opioid use disorders, and patients'' non-adherence to opioid substitution treatments. These include the implementation of prescription drug monitoring programs [54, 55] , statewide Medicaid program initiatives such as coordinated care organizations [56] [57] [58] , educational outreach and academic detailing for providers [59] [60] [61] , advances in medicine/surgery that lower post-surgical dependence on narcotics [62, 63] , the fentanyl patch-for-patch program [64] , pharmacy consult intervention [65] , quality measure development and/or quality improvement [66] , using data analytics to predict the risk of overdose [67] , and schedule change of opioid analgesics [68] .
cord-295513-q5f8d0ig	2020	
cord-295543-nj4a640t	2020	Conclusion: The Spanish adult population, especially young people, students and very active men, decreased daily self-reported PA and increased ST during COVID-19 confinement. While the disease spreads around the world, healthy people are being requested to stay at home for prolonged periods of time and, as a consequence, COVID-19 has radically modified the determining factors (individual, interpersonal, environmental, regional or national policies and global) [11] of both types of behavior Thus, due to isolation and limitations in engaging in regular and common activities, fulfilling PA recommendations and reducing sedentary behavior during lockdown may pose a significant challenge, especially during the first weeks when the population has limited chances to find alternatives to ensure they remain active even at home. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze self-reported PA and sedentary behavior before and during lockdown caused by COVID-19 in a Spanish healthy adult population.
cord-296312-nh4poc71	2020	Black or African American participants, participants who reported using a quitline, and participants with higher COVID-19 risk perceptions had higher intentions to quit using tobacco due to COVID-19, and higher odds of making a quit attempt since COVID-19 started. Due to the potential negative health outcomes associated with COVID-19, it is possible that many tobacco users feel more vulnerable to its health effects and are trying to quit using tobacco-which aligns with both previous research and theory on risk perception [12, 13] . We first examined bivariate associations with our two outcomes (quit intentions and quit attempts) and all correlates of interest-participant characteristics, tobacco use variables, and other COVID-19 variables. Specifically, quit intentions and odds of making a quit attempt were higher in people who reported decreasing their tobacco use and people with higher COVID-19 risk perceptions, which is in line with what is often called the "vulnerability hypothesis".
cord-296669-1md8j11e	2020	The degrees of the depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress symptoms of our participants were assessed using the Chinese versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Insomnia Severity Index-7 (ISI-7), and the revised 7-item Impact of Event Scale (IES-7) scales, respectively, which found that the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress caused by COVID-19 were 45.5%, 49.5%, 30.9%, and 68.1%, respectively. Mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress, caused by COVID-19 were assessed in our study by Chinese versions of validated measurement tools [24] [25] [26] [27] : the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9; the total score ranged from 0 to 27) [24] , the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7; the total score ranged from 0 to 21) [25] , the Insomnia Severity Index-7 (ISI-7; the total score ranged from 0 to 28) [26] , and the revised 7-item Impact of Event Scale (IES-7; the total score ranged from 0 to 28) [27] .
cord-297378-quyehjr1	2020	Second, descriptive statistics and an importance-performance analysis (IPA) were used to measure the impact of B&B before/after COVID-19 on tourist satisfaction levels in Zhejiang. Implications First, to the best of our knowledge, this study is among the first to uncover the impact of COVID-19 factors influencing tourists'' satisfaction with B&Bs. Second, from the perspective of methodology, DC and IRL were combined with content analysis to sort and guide the complexity of the relationship between variables, which has certain value for future research. Implications First, to the best of our knowledge, this study is among the first to uncover the impact of COVID-19 factors influencing tourists'' satisfaction with B&Bs. Second, from the perspective of methodology, DC and IRL were combined with content analysis to sort and guide the complexity of the relationship between variables, which has certain value for future research.
cord-297618-9ka3y2y1	2020	The current study constructed an epidemic curve based on the date of infection estimated by the back-projection method to minimize the effects of the incubation time and reflect the possible impacts of various measures and events better. Our objective was to estimate the infection curve of the local cases of the first two waves of COVID-19 in Hong Kong using the back-projection method and explore the effectiveness of the preventive measures, including the possible impacts of the pre-implementation announcements by the local government. From 25 to 29 January 2020, numerous policies were announced and implemented, including activation of the Emergency Response Level, cancellation of large-scale events, quarantine of close contacts of confirmed cases, health advice to residents returning from the Hubei province and other parts of China, suspension of non-emergent government services, closure of public facilities, home office arrangement for civil servants, and substantial reduction of traffic between Mainland China and Hong Kong.
cord-298156-d0pb1kik	2020	Consequently, by the end of April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous environmental impacts, both positive such as enhanced air and water quality in urban areas, and negative, such as shoreline pollution due to the disposal of sanitary consumables. The concept of disaster has evolved over time, and here we use an adapted Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) definition: a disaster is an event, which severely alters the functioning of a community due to hazardous physical, biological or human related impacts leading to widespread adverse effects on multiple scales and systems (environment, economic, social). While negative impacts on the economy and society in general are probably huge, it is very likely that the global-scale reduction of economic activities due to the COVID-19 crisis triggers a lot of sensible improvements in environmental quality and climatic systems.
cord-299521-igo40dbs	2020	In one of the first studies to examine how positive affect, negative affect, gender, and gender roles interact with entrepreneurial intention, we conducted an online survey of 849 adults from the western, midwestern, and southern regions of the United States. The main reasons cited for differences between men and women''s EINT are (1) perceptions that the characteristics necessary for successful entrepreneurship are stereotypically male, (2) lack of training for women, (3) unfavorable economic and social environments for women, (4) lack of education for women, and (5) a lack of entrepreneurial self-efficacy among women [48, 49] . The data used for this paper were part of a larger study that utilized an internet-based survey and examined multiple constructs including EINT, acceptance of traditional gender roles, career choice, entrepreneurial industry interest, positive and negative affect, marketing strategies, and kidpreneur activities. The present study explored positive and negative affect, EINT, gender, and acceptance of traditional gender roles.
cord-299797-s1zdmf2u	2020	The present work is a cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the risk perception and evaluating the community outrage linked to environmental factors among a self-selected sample of citizens living in an area characterized by the presence of industrial structures of high emotional impact. The growing awareness of the health impacts caused by the alteration of environmental conditions by anthropic activities, such as industrial expansion near urban areas, atmospheric pollution, and climate change, plays a key role in the judgment and acceptability of the risks related to environmental Owing to its insularity, the region lends itself very well to observational investigations and represents an excellent test case in relation to the reported social dynamics. The full questionnaire is shown in Tables 2 and 3 (Results Section): Table 2 reports 6 questions related to the respondents'' general information; Table 3 shows 8 questions (numbers 7 to 14) related to health concerns and risk perceptions, together with their close-ended answers.
cord-300338-duhyb754	2020	We therefore aimed to explore whether recent BCG vaccine coverage is associated with COVID-19 morbidity and/or mortality rates, using linear regression models to explore associations between the two continuous random variables adjusted for a variety of potential confounders, such as median age and body mass index (BMI) in individual countries through this ecological study. As a result, ''≥60 years of age'' (p < 0.001) and ''BCG vaccine coverage'' (p = 0.002) remained significant factors associated with COVID-19 mortality, even after adjustment for morbidity and PCR-tests. As a result, ''≥60 years of age'' (p < 0.001) and ''BCG vaccine coverage'' (p = 0.002) remained significant factors associated with COVID-19 mortality, even after adjustment for morbidity and PCR-tests.
cord-301264-lkfhtb1w	2020	The reviewed articles focused on different aspects of the hospitality industry, including hospitality workers'' issues, loss of jobs, revenue impact, the COVID-19 spreading patterns in the industry, market demand, prospects for recovery of the hospitality industry, safety and health, travel behavior, and preference of customers. The reported approaches include simulation and scenario modeling for discovering the COVID-19 spreading patterns, field surveys, secondary data analysis, discussing the resumption of activities during and after the pandemic, comparing the COVID-19 pandemic with previous public health crises, and measuring the impact of the pandemic in terms of economics. The studies reported impacts of the pandemic on different aspects of the hospitality industry, including job loss, revenue losses, access to loans, market demand, emerging new markets, hostile behaviors towards foreigners, and issues of hospitality workers and hotel cleaners.
cord-301348-h21rnyww	2020	Figure 6 shows the results of criteria graph for the ARDL model that takes into account the number of new cases and new deaths in China, both for the BET stock index return and for the Romanian Government bond (10Y). Figure 7 shows the results of criteria graph for the ARDL model that takes into account the number of new cases and new deaths in Italy, both for the BET stock index return and for the Romanian Government bond (10Y). However, both models shows that the number of new deaths in China due to COVID-19 has no influence on the BET index return, respectively, on the Romania 10-year bond yield, neither in the short-term, nor in the long-term. However, the short-run results show a negative impact of new deaths cases of COVID-19 from Italy on the BET index return, in line with Okorie and Lin [58] which underlined a transitory contagion effect in the stock markets due to novel coronavirus.
cord-302239-2sxy3spd	2019	In this paper, we tried to show that the theory of planned behavior provides a useful conceptual framework for SI when facing a pandemic risk, and a regression method with Chinese provincial (Guangdong Province) data was applied to investigate how attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) influence SI when facing a pandemic emergency. Risk perception has been widely established as a significant predictor of engagement in preventive health behaviors, including SI [21] ; those who report being unfamiliar with the term "pandemic influenza," male respondents, and employed people who are not able to work from home have been found to be less willing to comply [22] . Using Chinese provincial (Guangdong Province) data, we investigated how ATT, SN, and PBC influence the willingness of self-isolate when facing a pandemic emergency.
cord-302411-unoiwi4g	2020	Throughout an automatic process of topic modeling and network analysis methods, this study identifies eight news frames for each newspaper''s Twitter account. Inspired by this method, this study conducts network analysis on the Twitter posts, analyzing and comparing the news frames of the two most important general-interest and nationally-circulated Spanish newspapers (El País and El Mundo) during different stages of the COVID-19 crisis. Our data are hydrated from open access institutional and news media tweet dataset for COVID-19 social science research [37] , which includes the Twitter posts from the two selected Spanish newspapers from the end of February. As the crisis is gradually controlled, the pandemic related news frames ("Pandemic Update," "State of Alarm," "Public Health Professional" and "Covid Information") are becoming less prominent in the recovery period. This study analyzed and compared the frames of Twitter news posts in the two most important Spanish newspapers during Covid-19 pandemic crisis.
cord-302553-d0hk4ipg	2020	This paper aims to optimize the disease surveillance process by further identifying the infectious or recovered period of flu cases through social media. The main research rationale of this study is straightforward, i.e., first, to investigate the relationship between the sentiment polarity and the flu period from social networks, and second, to optimize the disease detecting process by predicting the different periods of flu. The content inside the dotted line (shown in Figure 2 ) is the main research content of this paper, which aims to find the flu-related weibos and further determine the flu period to improve the accuracy of infectious disease detection. This paper aims to detect the flu period with sentiment polarity at the word and text level based on Sina Weibo data (web-based social media platform), and it proposes optimization suggestions for optimizing the disease detecting process.
cord-302704-rj4le1qn	2020	Rapid and profound changes anticipated in the future of work will have significant implications for the education and training of occupational safety and health (OSH) professionals and the workforce. It is therefore likely that there will be a need for new disciplines and specialties in OSH or, at a minimum, a broader skill set and expanded training of traditional OSH professions to include occupational health psychology, human resource management, and TWH [18] . It is therefore likely that there will be a need for new disciplines and specialties in OSH or, at a minimum, a broader skill set and expanded training of traditional OSH professions to include occupational health psychology, human resource management, and TWH [18] . It is important to note that the workshop was designed to identify challenges, gaps, and needs facing the future of education and training of OSH professionals and not necessarily to provide concrete answers or next steps in the development of curricula, credentialing of OSH professions, or evaluation of new training methods.
cord-302847-d5serpz5	2020	Efforts for overcoming geographic distances [7] Maintaining work/life/care balance [2] Influence on kind of provided support for and visiting the cared-for person [3, 6] "Watching the deterioration of their loved one" [7, 27] Use of telecommunication to keep in contact with the cared-for person or rather to stay informed [28] [29] [30] Cost expenditure and choice of means of transport emotional stress [7] and opportunity to take advantage of health promotion offers [1] Causal (attributes/qualities) Availability and quality of public transport [31] Availability of informal and formal elder care support and infrastructure in the residential municipality of the domestic cared-for person ((potential) co-resident caregivers, local caregivers, neighbors, friends) Quality of the built environment of the cared-for person (construction-related barriers, maintenance of the garden) Several initiatives regarding the modeling of spatial relatedness of LDC based on the perspective of the long-distance caregiving person and graph theory must be preceded by an appropriate preparation of the available relevant spatial information and its assignment to the various semantic categories.
cord-303203-1kpw4ru0	2020	title: Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults However, few studies have examined sleep problems, depression, and posttraumatic symptoms among the general adult population during the COVID-19 outbreak, and little is known about coping behaviors. Mental health problems were assessed with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Perceived negative impact of the pandemic on livelihood showed a large effect size in predicting mental health problems (standardized beta: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.10–0.19). The relationship between coping behavior and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS), depression, insomnia, mental health problems. We found that direct exposure to COVID-19 and the impact on livelihood are important predictors of mental health problems, and that people found cognitive and prosocial ways to cope with the strains and stresses of the lockdown.
cord-304780-lbq70q11	2020	The aim of this study was to use currently available data to estimate the acute health benefits of PM 2.5 reduction and changes in public behavior, which were changes experienced by Korean citizens in their daily lives during the COVID-19 crisis. With the conservative estimation of a 4.1 µg/m 3 decrease in PM 2.5 and RRs from the MCC study, we found that 37.6 (95% CI: 32.6, 42.5) non-accidental; 7.0 (95% CI: 5.7, 8.4) cardiovascular; and 4.7 (95% CI: 3.4, 6.1) respiratory mortalities were avoided because of the reduction in PM 2.5 from January to April in 2020 compared to those of the previous 4 years. Because using a particulate-filtrating respirator may decrease the absolute level of PM 2.5 exposure for an individual, the health benefit related to air pollution during the COVID-19 crisis may be larger than our current estimation of 37 persons.
cord-304996-st1nn3pc	2020	In this case report, we aim to describe the key elements that have been identified and implemented in our center, a 1082-bed hospital located in the Pisa district, to rapidly respond to the COVID-19 outbreak in order to guarantee safety of patients and healthcare workers. Based on scientific data published since the start of the outbreak and previous experience from former outbreaks (SARS and MERS-CoV), the TF developed a technical procedure to face the pandemic, structured in five key domains: reorganization of hospital services, management of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients, management of corpses, guidelines for cleaning and disinfection, implementation of cleaning and disinfection procedures, and personal protective equipment.
cord-306304-2yf3f1kg	2012	Such risk factors include age, gender, rural/urban area of residence [5] , race [6] , month of birth [7] , socioeconomic factors [8] , marital status [9] , inter-personal relationships or life events [10, 11] , comorbid medical conditions, current or history of psychiatric illness [12] , allergy [13] , and most importantly, previous suicide attempts and violent methods of prior suicide attempt [2, 14] . Furthermore, the seasonal peak in aeroallergens resulting in the concomitant worsening of allergy symptoms could (via inflammatory mediators of worsening allergy symptoms) potentially worsens depressive symptoms, anxiety and impulsivity in mood disorder patients, resulting in exacerbated risk of suicidal behavior. In addition, changes in allergy and anxiety (anxiety representing a potentially independent suicide risk factor) in patients with mood disorders exposed to seasonal peaks of aeroallergens were observed to be correlated [54] . However, the majority of studies did not observe any significant seasonal spring peaks in suicides by non-violent methods [2, 43, 68, 89] .
cord-306504-0wq7rc6s	2020	In order to answer the research questions, we examined studies on the aging labour force that were published between January 2008 and August 2019, to recognize the trends in the literature written in English with respect to motivation issues and potential solutions. Older workers with high job satisfaction, development possibilities, affirmative relations to management, and no age discrimination stayed longer in the work market. Ageism, employment discrimination, gender, work [33] To investigate the age-related connection between job stress, extreme tiredness, prosperity, and associated personal, institutional, and community factors. Job/age/disability discrimination [36] To investigate the relation between psychosocial factors and pension intention of older employees, while considering healthiness and work ability. Older farmers, work-related musculoskeletal disorders, pension age [8] To investigate the action plans that workers use to acquire skills in software and complete assignments Exploratory study (interviews, surveys).
cord-306551-qf7h9m78	2020	In sum, the theoretical premise of this research in the international tourism sector is that the travelers who have strong knowledge of COVID-19 are likely to form a positive attitude toward safer destination choice behaviors and to perceive the social norm to practice the action, which leads to the increased intention to engage in the behavior in conjunction with the perceived behavioral control. In-line with the evidence from these studies, tourists'' perceived knowledge of COVID-19 can be the essential driver of their subjective norms and attitudes to generate an approachable decision for safer international tourism destination. In conclusion, we built a robust theoretical framework for US tourists'' post-pandemic travel intentions for safer international tourism destinations, which linked the perceived knowledge of COVID-19 to the focal constructs of the TPB and encompassed the moderating influence of the psychological risk through the empirical approach.
cord-306690-s5mxes4r	2020	Since the first known case of a COVID-19 infected patient in Wuhan, China on 8 December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries, causing a worldwide public health crisis. This article attempts to fill this research gap through analysis of big data, officially released information and other social media sources to understand the root cause of the crisis as it relates to China''s current management system and public health policy. Since the first known case of a COVID-19 infected patient in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China on 8 December 2019 [1] , COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries and infected over three million people worldwide (as of 28 April 2020), causing a worldwide public health crisis. This article attempts to fill this research gap through analysis of big data, officially released information and other social media sources to understand the root cause of the crisis from the aspects of China''s current management system and public health policy.
cord-307038-c58mzcu9	2020	This review study is an attempt to understand the various modeling approaches used by researchers to analyze diverse barriers related to specific disease types and the various areal distributions in the country. The study introduced a multilevel approach to assess area-level variation in colorectal cancer survival due to causative factors (disease stage, comorbidity, patient characteristics and healthcare access) and analyze their individual contribution to survival. Most of the studies used the line-of-sight method to measure distances to dental care instead of determining travel time as they focused on metropolitan regions with a focus on using geospatial tools to identify accessibility [13, 16] . Current research practice is lacking in various domains ranging from spatial accessibility techniques to the consideration of patient characteristics and the analysis of different disease types as well as studies concerning only rural/remote areas.
cord-307133-bm9z8gss	2016	Finally, we calibrated the model with the number of daily cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Beijing in 2003, and the estimated parameters show that the control measures taken at that time were effective. A low level of heterogeneity results in dynamics similar to those predicted by the homogeneous-mixing model with a frequency-dependent transmission term, βSI N . The greatest difference is that at the overall level, the heterogeneity slows the transmission speed and decreases the peak sizes, which means milder disease outbreaks, because in the scenario with a high level of heterogeneity, only a small proportion of susceptible individuals have chances of coming into contact with infectious individuals and becoming infected, which results in a slower increase of the infected population. Our results show that, keeping other conditions identical, the higher is the level of heterogeneity in contact rates, the greater is the difference in the disease dynamics observed from those predicted using the homogeneous-mixing models.
cord-307285-bxy0zsc7	2020	Realizing the severity of outcomes associated with this disease and its high rate of transmission, dentists were instructed by regulatory authorities, such as the American Dental Association, to stop providing treatment to dental patients except those who have emergency complaints. In vitro studies have shown that azithromycin is active against Zika and Ebola viruses, [18] [19] [20] and is able to prevent severe respiratory tract infections when administrated to patients suffering viral infection [12] However, the efficacy of azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 patients has not been confirmed yet [21, 22] , and more studies are needed to further investigate its clinical effects. Following the recommended cross-infection control procedures, spreading awareness based on evidence and not misconceptions, identifying emergency cases indicated for dental treatment, and practicing effective tele-dentistry when needed can all be helpful for dental patients and community as a whole.
cord-307362-1bxx4db2	2020	title: Bibliometric Studies and Worldwide Research Trends on Global Health Therefore, in this Special Issue, the problems related to global health have been addressed from a bibliometric approach in four main areas: environmental issues, diseases, health, education and society. Two topics of special interest to society today are environmental research and public health, and within these larger topics are sub-topics related to global health. Therefore, articles reviewing the state of the art in any of these fields, bibliometric or scientometric studies, and research articles dealing with a global perspective are welcome. Table 3 summarizes the research conducted by the authors in this Special Issue, by identifying the areas to which they report. Finally, research related to education and society: academic performance, patents, bibliometric analysis, and social networks and young people. Global Mapping of Research Trends on Interventions to Improve Health-Related Quality of Life in Asthma Patients
cord-308005-t0bf5nos	2020	The communications obtained from the Instagram social media platform and online forums only showed statistically significant differences in the emotional response related to anger (p < 0.05), but no significant differences in the emotional responses related to fear, sadness, uncertainty, disgust or joy (p > 0.05). The communications obtained from the Instagram social media platform and online forums only showed statistically significant differences in the emotional response related to anger (p < 0.05), but no significant differences in the emotional responses related to fear, sadness, uncertainty, disgust or joy (p > 0.05). The amount of user-generated content and social-media communications related to the social distancing, self-isolation and quarantine measures in Spain increased rapidly and steadily during Stage 1 of the study period. The amount of user-generated content and social-media communications related to the social distancing, self-isolation and quarantine measures in Spain increased rapidly and steadily during Stage 1 of the study period.
cord-308319-1l6xooyz	2020	This quality improvement study evaluated the procedures for assessing and documenting tobacco use among cancer survivors and referring current smokers to cessation resources at the University of Virginia Cancer Center. Herein, we describe a quality improvement study conducted using Lean methodology, implemented as part of the C3I at the UVA Cancer Center and describe the resulting Tobacco Treatment Program (TTP). The current quality improvement study assessed existing procedures for determining and documenting tobacco use, referring tobacco users to cessation resources, and implementation of cessation services at the Emily Couric Clinical Cancer Center (ECCCC) through a six-month comprehensive process. This article demonstrates the implementation of Lean methodology to evaluate and improve smoking cessation within UVA Cancer Center, reviewed top barriers, and described solutions that have resulted in a robust, comprehensive, and sustainable tobacco treatment program.
cord-308652-i6q23olv	2020	The aim of this paper is therefore to understand the importance of work-related events and changes experienced in the last year in psychological distress and life satisfaction for young people in Spain, including satisfaction with the job role, self-esteem, and emotional and instrumental social support in the prediction model, all of which will be assessed by analyzing men and women separately. To test the hypotheses and determine the importance of the number of work-related events and changes, job satisfaction, self-esteem and social support in psychological distress, and life satisfaction amongst men and women, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were made. Model 3, with all the independent variables in the equation, predicted 28% In Table 1 are the correlation coefficients between the age, level of studies, number of work-related events and changes, job satisfaction, self-esteem and social support with the psychological distress, and life satisfaction amongst men and women.
cord-308957-s2hjge6s	2020	Associations between meeting recommendations for movement behaviors with loneliness and sadness were examined using weighted logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI). These studies suggest that individually, higher levels of physical activity, low levels of sedentary behaviors such as television watching and non-academic computer use, and adequate levels of school-night sleep have been shown to associate with lower suicidal ideation [16] , anxiety [17] , and depressive symptoms in adolescents [18] . The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of movement-based behaviors with perceived loneliness and prolonged sadness within a sample of Alaskan adolescents. A primary finding from the current study was that sleep was the only single movement-based behavior that was significantly associated with both perceived loneliness and prolonged sadness in Alaskan adolescents. Even though school-night sleep duration significantly correlated with loneliness and sadness, the movement behaviors of physical activity and screen use did not correlate within any of the adjusted models.
cord-310165-xj025ruz	2020	Relatively low population density in over half of US states appeared to have limited the spread of Covid-19 thus averting a potential major hospital capacity crisis. This study will seek to evaluate if U.S. states had enough hospital beds to cope with a large epidemic across all parts of the country and will use a new method for comparing inter-and intra-national bed numbers to do so. In this analysis confirmed Covid-19 deaths were from Bing.com [5] , total hospital bed numbers include adult and pediatric acute care, plus maternity and mental health. In 2019 that US average was 191 acute beds per hospital (range 90 in Wyoming to 259 in New Jersey and Connecticut and 306 in New York) [32] The relatively low population density in most US states seemingly averted a catastrophic Covid-19 bed capacity overload.
cord-310215-11srk6iq	2020	In this study, a method for predicting the preferred pleasantness induced by different forest environments, represented by virtual photographs, was proposed and evaluated using a novel Anti-Environmental Forest Experience Scale psychometric test. Insofar as there is some possibility of predicting the level of psychological relaxation and therefore preferred pleasantness induced by viewing different forest landscapes, it is important to propose new concepts for these contexts. The reliability of these scales provides evidence that an Anti-Environmental Forest Experience can help predict the pleasantness induced by viewing forest landscapes and can be useful in predicting potential benefits that might be obtained by a subject from nature-based therapy. To sum up, the AEFES is a reliable and valid instrument with practical use for measuring an anti-environmental forest experience, which might be useful for the prediction of the preferred pleasantness of subjects towards forest environments.
cord-311311-rmv5rfst	2020	Three advances to be discussed in detail are (1) recognition and inclusion of sampler wall deposits; (2) development of a new sampling and analytical procedure for respirable crystalline silica that allows non-destructive field analysis at the end of the sampling period; and (3) development of a new sampler to collect the portion of sub-300 nm aerodynamic diameter particles that would deposit in human airways. Three advances to be discussed in detail are (1) recognition and inclusion of sampler wall deposits; (2) development of a new sampling and analytical procedure for respirable crystalline silica that allows non-destructive field analysis at the end of the sampling period; and (3) development of a new sampler to collect the portion of sub-300 nm aerodynamic diameter particles that would deposit in human airways. RCS is collected on a direct-on-filter (DoF) sampler (EoS™ Silica Cassette, Zefon International, Inc.) attached to any one of several different cyclones to select the respirable dust fraction.
cord-312094-czuw4t7i	2020	The findings revealed that COVID-19 pandemic has managed to erase the feeling of joy from cruise ship employees who were stuck at sea while exposing weakness of cruise line companies such as poor human resource management leadership. The CDC''s No Sail Order in combination with poor liquidity of cruise line companies due to the COVID-19 cruise tourism crisis has created an unprecedented event leaving 100,000 cruise ship employees stuck at sea for months without any certainty when they will be repatriated to their homes [45] . In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, cruise ship employees that are stuck at sea are experiencing particularly high levels of stress that may develop mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. Moreover, cruise line companies do not have a strategy for managing various negative psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ship employees who are stuck at sea.
cord-312265-48odnlal	2020	In addition to illness or death for those who contract the virus, the physical distancing required to flatten the curve of new cases is having a negative impact on the economy, the effects of which intersect with mental health and other existing health concerns, thus affecting marginalized communities. There is emerging evidence of the mental health burden of pandemic fear related to COVID-19 [37] and its potential impact on preventive behavior [38] . In addition to the short-term effects of COVID-19, it is also critical for health care providers (e.g., doctors, psychologists, social workers, case managers, etc.) to consider how the impacts of COVID-19 may affect PWH, and the provision of health care treatment across time. Scientists and practitioners are in a unique position to respond to the impact that COVID-19 is having on PWH and HIV prevention efforts, including research.
cord-313356-ninzeazy	2020	title: COVID-19 Surface Persistence: A Recent Data Summary and Its Importance for Medical and Dental Settings Recently, due to the coronavirus pandemic, many guidelines and anti-contagion strategies continue to report unclear information about the persistence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the environment. The purpose of this article is to highlight all the sources currently present in the literature concerning the persistence of the different coronaviruses in the environment as well as in medical and dental settings. The aim of this article is to evaluate, through the analysis of the current literature, how long this virus can remain active on different surfaces. On average, the different coronaviruses persist in an infectious state on surfaces for several days, even up to nine. Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
cord-313591-hb3gqksg	2020	Using available items from previous studies to derive a social frailty scale as guided by the Bunt social frailty theoretical framework, we aimed to examine the association of social frailty, independently of physical frailty, with salient outcomes of mood, nutrition, physical performance, physical activity, and life–space mobility. We therefore conducted this study to examine the independent association of social frailty with a comprehensive range of intermediary outcomes in a representative cohort of non-frail community-dwelling Asian older adults. Firstly, using validated items identified from prior Asian studies, we performed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to derive a social frailty scale grounded in Bunt''s proposed conceptual framework. In the present study, using a theory-guided social frailty scale that is grounded in the Bunt conceptual framework, we build upon growing body of evidence about the paramount importance of social frailty by demonstrating the independent associations of SPF and SF with mood, nutrition, physical performance, and physical activity in non-frail community-dwelling older adults.
cord-313869-3x2qf3yu	2019	Based on the ability of cellular automata to model complex problems, this paper considered that, in real society, population mobility is caused by economic development, living environment, education level, and other factors, and that population density, sex ratio, and age structure of area also have some influence on the spread of infectious diseases. In order to study and analyze the influence of population density on infectious disease spread, each individual is mapped into a cell in the cellular automata model. Without considering other factors, this paper focused on the influence of three factors, namely, population density, individual heterogeneity, and mobility on infectious disease spread, and the SLIRDS model based on cellular automata was constructed. Without considering other factors, this paper focused on the influence of three factors, namely, population density, individual heterogeneity, and mobility on infectious disease spread, and the SLIRDS model based on cellular automata was constructed.
cord-313887-8sabsrgy	2020	Taken together, the rapidly changing messages, coupled with public concern, and limited availability of up-to-date information in formats for those with limited English proficiency created a situation in the USA in which Latinx workers such as farmworkers were likely to lack consistent and accurate information and, as a result, practice ineffective behaviors to protect themselves and prevent spreading disease to their social network. This study was designed to describe the knowledge, perceived risk and susceptibility, and preventive behaviors reported by Latinx immigrant farmworker and nonfarmworker families in North Carolina during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, these results indicate that, despite relatively high knowledge, strong perceptions of risk from COVID-19, and claims of avoiding situations where contracting or spreading infection might be likely, many of the farmworker families included here do not practice safe physical distancing measures as recommended; and their use of masks appears to be confined to work settings.
cord-314211-tv1nhojk	2020	The number of COVID-19 cases can be accurately predicted by considering historical data of reported cases alongside some external factors that affect the spread of the virus. [37] have proposed an AI-based algorithm for predicting COVID-19 cases using a hybrid Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. These important factors include population, median age index, public and private healthcare expenditure, air quality as a CO 2 trend, seasonality as month of data collection, number of arrivals in the country/territory, and education index. First, there is no previous study that simultaneously considers the historical data of the number of COVID-19 cases and most of the external factors that affect the spread of the virus. These external factors include population, median age index, public and private healthcare expenditure, air quality as a CO 2 trend, seasonality as month of data collection, number of arrivals in the country/territory, and education index.
cord-314539-6vvgov43	2020	Firstly, the period from 6 January to 31 March 2020 was divided into four stages and the relevant parameters were estimated according to the imported cases in Japan. The basic reproduction number of the current stage is 1.954 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.851–2.025), which means COVID-19 will spread quickly, and the self-healing rate of Japanese is about 0.495 (95% CI 0.437–0.506), with small variations in the four stages. Therefore, estimation of current infected cases plays an essential role in controlling epidemic development and will help us to evaluate the strategies that should be implemented to adjust the prevention and control measures for mitigating the spread of COVID-19 in Japan. Recently, Toshkazu [5] predicted the epidemic peak of COVID-19 in Japan based on a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) model. The five-day relative error of the forecasted accumulated reported cases is less than 2.5%, which means this SEIHRD model and the piecewise estimation method can be effective applied to COVID-19.
cord-314733-fyximykl	2020	The present paper intends to address the impact of COVID-19 crisis upon the consumer buying behavior of fresh vegetables directly from local producers as observed 30 days later, after enforcing the state of emergency in Romania within a well-defined area, namely, the quarantined area of Suceava. Short food chain supply (SFSC) systems provide multiple benefits (of economic, social, environmental, cultural, and health nature) for people and society as a whole: new job opportunities in the agri-food sector at local level [54] , encouraging knowledge transfer, counter-balancing the effects of population migration [55] or gentrification, supporting the local services and suppliers by sustaining the stores of small producers and farmers'' markets, preserving cultural heritage, including promotion of tourism [56] and local gastronomy, and improving the quality of life by securing access to healthier food [57] .
cord-315037-lmur80te	2020	We performed a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the viral etiology in pediatric patients and compared the detection rates with those determined using traditional antigen tests and virus cultures. This study aims to detect respiratory viruses in children using PCR and to compare the detection power of this technique against that when using traditional antigen tests and virus cultures. For children with respiratory symptoms and with a clinical suspicion of virus infection, a test for RSV antigen test, human parainfluenza virus (PIV) type 3 antigen test, viral PCR for enterovirus, or viral cultures was prescribed by the judgment of pediatricians. The following multiplex PCR assays were performed for each sample to detect RNA/DNA of 15 respiratory viruses, including RSV A or B, FluA, FluB, human enterovirus (EV), MPV, human parainfluenza virus types 1-4, human rhinovirus (RV), coronavirus OC43/NL63/229E, human adenovirus (ADV), and human bocavirus (Boca). The present study demonstrates that PCR has higher detectability for respiratory viruses compared to traditional antigen tests and viral cultures.
cord-315197-4wnes04g	2017	In this work, based on the reported data and the observed morbidity characteristics, we propose a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) epidemic model with age groupings, involving three categories: children, the middle-aged, and senior to investigate the role of age on the transmission of tuberculosis in Mainland China from 2005 to 2016. In this paper, based on the reported data and the observed morbidity characteristics, we created a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model with age groups of childhood, middle-aged, and senior, to investigate the role of age on the transmission process and evaluate feasible control strategies to reach the goals outlined in the WHO End TB Strategy. We estimated the basic reproduction number R 0 , analyzed the globally dynamic behavior of the model, and used the model to simulate the annual data of infected TB cases reported by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) from 2005 to 2016.
cord-316990-kz9782rj	2020	A secondary classification was implemented to divide "personal response", "opinion and sentiments", and "seeking help" into 13 more detailed sub-topics, including "fear and worry", "questioning the government and media", "condemning bad habits", "objective comment", "taking scientific protective measures", "blessing and praying", "appealing for aiding patients", "willing to return work", "staying at home and taking necessary precautions", "popularizing anti-epidemic knowledge in family", "seeking medical help", "seeking relief materials", and "other". Figure 5b shows the spatial distribution of the kernel density with a search radius of 200 km, indicating that the high-density areas of Weibo related to COVID-19 were in Wuhan In order to explore the correlation between public opinion and the epidemic situation, this study used Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) software to perform Spearman correlation analysis on the number of relevant Weibo texts and confirmed cases in provincial level (number is 34).
cord-317449-xjo6r6yc	2020	Data from the elite team sports'' rules (e.g., absolute and relative court dimensions; the number of players, substitutions allowed, total game time, time-outs) were collected, including the changes due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in soccer substitutions, and comparisons were performed. There is no research regarding a deep investigation on the impact of potential rule-induced physical demands in soccer (e.g., area per player and fewer substitutes forced by the law of the game), and none comparing different sports in this context. This study shows for the first time that elite soccer presents remarkably higher overall rule-induced physical demands than futsal, basketball, and handball, and increasing elite soccer substitutions permanently (e.g., unlimited) might mitigate the overall soccer demands. We conclude that elite soccer has remarkably higher overall rule-induced physical demands than futsal, basketball, and handball, even acknowledging the change in substitutions due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
cord-317667-8ya8tvv2	2020	Based on this, this study represents a step to clarify how e-lifestyles influence different relationships with perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, and intentions to use Fitness Apps. Therefore, the objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between the e-lifestyles of consumers of Boutique fitness centers and their relationship with the perceived ease of use, the perceived usefulness, the attitude, and the intention to use Fitness Apps. With this premise, the objective of this work was to analyze the relationship between the e-lifestyles of consumers of Boutique fitness centers and the perceived ease of use, the perceived usefulness, the attitude, and the intention to use fitness Apps. Finally, an analysis with other models that predict the use of technologies in the fitness industry could help to comprehend the relationship of e-lifestyles with other variables that predict the intention of using fitness Apps and would therefore promote physical activity.
cord-318061-xe8lljz0	2020	For the human, there may be a higher risk of the transmission of zoonotic infections due to trends such as sleeping with pets, allowing pets to lick the face or wounds, bite accidents, keeping exotic animals, the importation of rescue dogs, and soil contact. A literature search was conducted through 2 March 2020, using the National Library of Medicine''s PubMed for the terms "One Health" and "companion animals"; "pet ownership"; "households" and "pets"; "dogs" or "cats" or "pets" and "mental" or "physical health" or "children"; "animal assisted therapy"; "dogs" or "cats" and "nutritional problems" or "overweight" or "obesity" or "homemade" or "raw meat diets"; "dogs" or "cats" and "behavior problems" or "aggression" or "fear" or "anxiety" or "abnormal repetitive behavior"; "dogs" or "cats" and "breeding" or "genetic problems"; "dogs" or "cats" and "zooanthroponoses"; "pets" and "anthropomorphism"; "dogs" or "cats" or "exotic animals" or "rescue dogs" or "soil" and zoonoses. Anthropomorphism, also resulting in behavioral problems and breeding on appearance rather than health, and trends such as keeping exotic animals and importing rescue dogs may result in an increased risk of contracting zoonotic infections.
cord-318336-hslnkv6p	2020	New Taipei City (NTPC), Taiwan, was aware of the need for non-public force response and therefore developed the process of enhancing local disaster management networks through promoting the resilient community since 2009. Overall, about 90% of the participants'' awareness was raised and the capacity to deal with community-based disaster events The survey has shown that, after 7-steps of promotion as described in Section 2.2, 93% of the participants realize the risks they are facing and 91% agree with the necessity to develop a resilient community; 91% believe that the action plan we helped them build is feasible; 89% understand the tasks of the response team and 87% are willing to serve the community as a team member; 98% and 94% think that they had well learned and were ready to perform basic medical skills and fire-fighting, respectively; 95% also thinks retraining is important for the community.
cord-318528-yc0jw3s1	2020	In the group analysis, differences were observed in relation to gender, year of study, BMI, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, symptoms of anxiety/depression, Mediterranean diet, living situation and stage of change. To broaden our approach, as a secondary aim, we also wanted to look at changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviour resulting from other factors such as alcohol and tobacco consumption, adherence to a Mediterranean diet, motivation, symptoms of anxiety/depression and sociodemographic characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate physical activity and sedentary behaviour in health sciences students before and during the lockdown. In the analysis by group, minutes of physical activity increased significantly during lockdown among the following groups: women; all years of study except final year; normal or low BMI; those who did not eat a Mediterranean diet; and those in the preparation or action stage of change.
cord-318944-13zk6cco	2020	The authors performed a narrative review on Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeCoronaVirus-2 ( SARS-CoV-2) and all infectious agents with the primary endpoints to illustrate the most accepted models of safety protocols in dentistry and oral medicine, and to propose an easy view of the problem and a comparison (prevs post-COVID19) for the most common dental procedures. After a brief excursus on all infectious agents transmittable at the dental chair, the authors described all the personal protective equipment (PPE) actually on the market and their indications, and on the basis of the literature, they compared (before and after COVID-19 onset) the correct safety procedures for each dental practice studied, underlining the danger of underestimating, in general, dental cross-infections. The precautions for infection control require wearing gloves, aprons, as well as eye and mouth protection (goggles and mask, such as medical masks and Filtering Face Piece or FPP) for each procedure involving direct contact with the patient body fluids.
cord-319226-yvgvyif0	2020	This paper makes the case for immediate planning for a COVID-19 vaccination uptake strategy in advance of vaccine availability for two reasons: first, the need to build a consensus about the order in which groups of the population will get access to the vaccine; second, to reduce any fear and concerns that exist in relation to vaccination and to create demand for vaccines. The paper explores key issues that relevant organizations must address and summarizes best practices that should be addressed when developing behavioral influence strategies to promote the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines effectively, efficiently, and ethically as they become available. Governments and their public health agencies need to develop a dialogue and joint strategy with social media platform providers to review and action against anti-vaccination misinformation and vaccine hesitancy promotion. Public health authorities need to build a proactive COVID-19 vaccine trust capacity for active engagement in the social media space as part of their overall promotional strategy [56] .
cord-319899-nso0ob27	2020	Our survey with 15,261 participants (38 ± 15 years, 58.5% females) examined preferences towards digital home exercise programs in 14 countries affected by COVID-19. Against this background, the present study examined the preferences towards digital home exercise programs in individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to ascertaining the general willingness to participate in related programs (yes/no), the optimal duration (free entry, min/week), training frequency (workouts per week; 1-2, 3-4, 4-6 or daily), and exercise types (flexibility, resistance, endurance, balance/stability, cognition, relaxation) were assessed. With regard to exercise types (Table 2) , older participants (≥40 years) were more likely to select flexibility and less likely to choose resistance, endurance, and cognitive training. Participants with high physical activity levels (meeting WHO PA recommendations) more often preferred resistance, endurance, and balance/stability training, but not other forms of exercise. In summary, a large portion of individuals affected by confinements related to the COVID-19 pandemic are interested in digital home exercise.
cord-320208-uih4jf8w	2020	In this article, we propose a CorExQ9 algorithm that integrates a Correlation Explanation (CorEx) learning algorithm and clinical Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) lexicon to detect COVID-19 related stress symptoms at a spatiotemporal scale in the United States. In this article, we propose a CorExQ9 algorithm that integrates Correlation Explanation (CorEx) learning algorithm and clinical PHQ lexicon to detect COVID-19 related stress symptoms at a spatiotemporal scale in the United States. We assessed the level of stress expressed in COVID-19 related tweets by integrating a lexicon-based method derived from established clinical assessment questionnaire PHQ-9 [46] . The CorEx algorithm combined with clinical stress measure index (PHQ-9) helped to minimize human interventions and human language ambiguity in social media data mining for stress detection and provided accurate stress symptom measures of Twitter users related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
cord-320914-zf54jfol	2020	Finally, we apply this model to a case study of Malawi to demonstrate how doing so can improve understanding of the local context and result in well-grounded and policy-relevant insights into the true impacts of climate change on migration. By conducting an in-depth literature review of Malawi''s political, demographic, environmental, social and economic makeup and then applying the conceptual approach described above by considering the impacts of climate change (primary, secondary and tertiary) to each key factor, we arrive at the case-specific model shown in Figure 2 below. By conducting an in-depth literature review of Malawi''s political, demographic, environmental, social and economic makeup and then applying the conceptual approach described above by considering the impacts of climate change (primary, secondary and tertiary) to each key factor, we arrive at the case-specific model shown in Figure 2 below.
cord-321913-zie2uv21	2020	We focused on the application of a stochastic approach in fitting the model parameters using a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) solver, to improve the reliability of predictions in the medium term (30 days). We present an updated version of the predictive model of epidemic phenomena based on the approach called SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infective-Recovered), widely used to analyze infection data during the different stages of an epidemic outbreak. Figure 5a ,b shows the SEIR model prediction for the Veneto region, according to the deterministic and PSO approaches, respectively. Figure 5a ,b shows the SEIR model prediction for the Veneto region, according to the deterministic and PSO approaches, respectively. The SEIR modeling for the Piedmont region is shown in Figure 6a ,b, where the solution using the deterministic and PSO prediction are reported, respectively. The SEIR modeling for the Piedmont region is shown in Figure 6a ,b, where the solution using the deterministic and PSO prediction are reported, respectively.
cord-323372-770sos8m	2020	title: Considering the Potential Health Impacts of Electric Scooters: An Analysis of User Reported Behaviors in Provo, Utah Stand-up electric scooters (e-scooters), two-wheeled vehicles with a small electric motor and a thin deck on which a single rider stands, are a relatively new micro-mobility option for urban areas and have the potential for both positive and negative health impacts [2] [3] [4] . The aim of this study is to explore the health-related behaviors of e-scooter users in Provo, Utah four months after an e-scooter share program was introduced. This finding is particularly relevant for Provo City, a place with problematic winter air pollution and whose primary motivation for introducing e-scooters was to provide a green alternative to motor vehicles; yet, considering disposability issues and emissions due to collecting and placement of e-scooters, important questions remain about the full environmental impact and its implications for health.
cord-323898-054gv684	2020	Objectives: Assess the survival of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients across age groups, sex, use of mechanical ventilators (MVs), nationality, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This high reported rate of hospitalization among COVID-19 cases may exacerbate the cost burden of viral respiratory infections in a country that was deeply affected by the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012, and resulted in a huge financial burden with an estimated direct medical cost per patient of SAR 48,551.36 (United States dollars (USD) 12,947.03) [13] . In light of the high rate of hospitalization among COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia, there is a need to identify different sociodemographic (e.g., age, sex) and medical (e.g., mechanical ventilator (MMV) use, ICU admission) status that might increase mortality risk.
cord-324092-ertcvh8x	2020	Our study aims to study the psychological impact of total and partial containment applied in Algeria, on 23 March 2020, following the spread of the virus COVID-19 and also studied the habits and behaviors of the Algerian population during this new way of life and this through a cross-sectional survey launched after three days from the start of confinement to quickly assess the impacts over the period from 23 March to 12 April 2020, by an online questionnaire which allowed us to obtain 678 responses from Internet users, who live in confinement in Algeria. The results obtained show the impacts of confinement during the first total and partial confinement operations of the coronavirus epidemic COVID-19 in Algeria on certain habits of the daily life of citizens, where we note a high rate of hand washing during the day, since 51.77% of the study sample reported washing their hands up to 10 times a day, and 36.73% of the population washed their hands between 10 and 20 times a day.
cord-324856-hf969tav	2020	title: Factors Associated with the Perception of Risk and Knowledge of Contracting the SARS-Cov-2 among Adults in Bangladesh: Analysis of Online Surveys Since the sheer illness of the whole country is sufficient to destroy the health care system, this current study is to examine changes of individual perception of risk for contracting SARS-Cov-2, and the awareness level in Bangladesh during the early and late lockdowns implemented by the government of Bangladesh. In this study, males who were worried about contracting SARS-Cov-2 were more likely to perceive themselves as being at high risk of contracting the infection, as well as those who did not quarantine themselves or only did so at the request of the public health officers. Moreover, in India, it was found that a higher level of knowledge on COVID-19 was associated with the high-risk perception of contracting the infection during the consistent lockdown period [28] .
cord-325722-ixozph19	2020	The results indicate that by tailoring measures to specific subgroups, the overall number of CSSA recipients would be reduced, thereby improving the efficiency of Hong Kong''s social security system, which has accounted for more than 16.5% of Hong Kong government expenditure in 2018, amounting to more than HKD 92 billion. It is important to consider whether the "entering approach" is indeed more effective than the "leaving approach" in reducing the number of CSSA recipients in Hong Kong. From these results, it seems that preventing people aged 20-29 from entering the CSSA system has a larger impact; that is, the "entering" approach would be more effective in reducing the number of CSSA recipients in 2014. The propose model provides empirical evidence to identify the potential target groups of people that would lead to the largest reduction in the number of the CSSA recipients in the Hong Kong Social Security System.
cord-325963-d0hvukbu	2020	The time between symptom onset and hospitalization or diagnosis are similar, with median length between symptom onset and hospitalization ranging between 3 and 10.4 days, depending on the age of the patient (longest delay in age group 20–60 years) and whether or not the patient lives in a nursing home (additional 2 days for patients from nursing home). The time from symptom onset to hospitalization is more than doubled in the working age (20-60 years) and ageing (60-80 years) population as compared to this young population (median close to 4 days and a delay of more than 6.7 days for a quarter of the patients). In Belgium, the mean time from symptom onset to hospitalization overall is 5.74 days, which is slightly longer as compared to the reported delay in other countries, but depending on the patient population, estimates range between 3 and 10.4 days in Belgium.
cord-326643-obfvi3ms	2020	Considering the virus'' route of transmission, a specific protocol should be applied to reduce the risk of infection in addition to measures that prevent the spread of infection from a patient to another person or medical tools and equipment (cross-infection). Due to the transmission route, in addition to measures that prevent diffusion of the infection from a patient to another person or medical tools and equipment (cross-infection), it is advisable to add further airborne and contact precautions to the routine standard hygienic procedures in order to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, masks, visors, goggles, dental uniform, and surgical gown and shoes (see section on PPEs below). To reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, given how the disease spreads and the current health crisis, the following prevention measures are suggested in addition to what is already generally performed:
cord-326851-0jxdnm1l	2020	Results: Korea''s success rests on its readiness, with the capacity for massive testing and obtaining prompt test results, effective contact tracing based on its world-leading mobile technologies, timely provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to first responders, effective treatment of infected patients, and invoking citizens'' community and civic conscience for the shared goal of defeating the pandemic. More specifically, this study has the following objectives: (1) To analyze Korean experiences with cases where healthcare facilities failed to prevent previous infectious diseases from spreading, and how these failures served the government in devising effective approaches to encounter the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) To dissect cases that showed innovative and successful response measures to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) To elaborate on suggestions for crisis management based on the lessons learned from these COVID-19 response cases in Korea.
cord-327300-dvlb61tw	2020	The quality and safety of healthcare facility (HCF) services are critical to achieving universal health coverage (UHC) and yet the WHO/UNICEF joint monitoring program for water supply, sanitation and hygiene report indicates that only 51% and 23% of HCF in Sub-Saharan Africa have basic access to water and sanitation, respectively. Therefore, this paper reviews the framing of WaSH in healthcare facilities in relevant global and country-level institutional documents (policies, legislations, guides, plans and monitoring tools) using Kenya as a case study. Guided by the political ecology of health theory this paper explored the framing of WaSH in healthcare facilities in relevant policies, guidelines, legislation, plans, monitoring and evaluation documents at the global and national context using Kenya as a case study.
cord-328784-9r5td4vy	2020	title: Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) of Health Care Professionals in Greece before the Outbreak Period The aim of the current study is to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of health care professionals in Greece towards SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: There is a high level of knowledge concerning SARS-CoV-2 pandemic among Greek health care workers and this is significantly associated with positive attitudes and practices towards preventive health measures. Only 1.7% of participants had a score of 0, suggesting that only few of the health care workers did not perform preventive practices aimed at SARS-CoV-2. The vast majority of the subjects included in the study had a high level of knowledge concerning SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission suggesting that most participants had been informed of COVID-19. Our study highlights a high level of knowledge concerning SARS-CoV-2 among Greek health care workers and this was significantly associated with positive attitudes and practices towards preventive health measures.
cord-329536-3xsncmyi	2020	This study aimed to describe the mental health status of the general adult population in Portugal and Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyze the differences between the two countries. Socio-demographic and other factors: variables assessed included age, gender, country of residence (Portugal or Brazil), marital status, educational level, employment status, social isolation self-label, duration of social isolation, living arrangements during social isolation, diagnosis of COVID-19, alcohol consumption and alcohol addiction measured by the presence of two or more positive answers to the four-item CAGE (acronym cut-annoyed-guilty-eye) Questionnaire [33, 34] translated and validated for the Portuguese language [35] . To the extent of the authors'' knowledge, the present study is the first to analyze the mental health status of the general adult population in Portugal and Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic.
cord-329640-10trdf87	2020	The difficulties of operating middle and high school online physical education classes for the first time included (1) the monotony of the classes within their limited environmental conditions and limited educational content that did not adequately convey the value of physical education, (2) trial-and-error methods applied nationwide, resulting from a lack of expertise in operating online physical education classes, and (3) very limited evaluation guidelines proposed by the Korea Ministry of Education, which made systematic evaluation with online methods impossible. "Turning to the nature of lived experience" of research participants'' online physical education classes, the study explored the experience of conducting these classes, discussed and reflected on their efficient operation and difficulties experienced therein, and examined the data by "writing and rewriting". New assignment content needs to be developed in the future that will allow teachers to identify an individual student''s learning status, just as the research participants developed different educational strategies to increase the value of the class.
cord-330583-ltkpt80u	2019	Following the 2003 the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea, this research aims to explore and examine the factors influencing the response to infectious diseases, which encompasses both communicable and non-communicable diseases. As the results conducted meta-analyses to comprehensively analyze the correlations of factors influencing disaster response from a Korean context, the findings show that the legislative factor had direct and indirect influence on the overall process of infectious disease response and that Leadership of the central government, establishment of an intergovernmental response system, the need for communication, information sharing and disclosure and onsite response were identified as key factors influencing effective infectious disease response. However, there is also need for comprehensive discussions that include the establishment of laws; regulations; resources; information on infectious disease response from administrative and policy perspectives; information sharing system; and the establishment of an international cooperation system and national response system involving the central government, the regional government, private organizations and the public for effective response when an actual infectious disease outbreak occurs.
cord-331718-rjggiklf	2016	Epigenetics, an essential mechanism for gene regulation based on chemical modifications of DNA and histone proteins, is also involved in congenital ASDs. It was recently demonstrated that environmental factors, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals and mental stress in early life, can change epigenetic status and gene expression, and can cause ASDs. Moreover, environmentally induced epigenetic changes are not erased during gametogenesis and are transmitted to subsequent generations, leading to changes in behavior phenotypes. These results suggest that close interaction between neuronal molecules and epigenetic molecules is important for normal brain development and failure of this interaction is potentially associated with ASDs. In this review, we introduce congenital epigenetic disorders with ASD-like phenotypes and environmental factors that affect epigenetic regulation of neuronal genes, and discuss transgenerational epigenetic inheritance and therapeutic strategies for ASDs taking advantage of use of the epigenetic reversibility. Rett syndrome (RTT) is a representative ASD characterized by repetitive and stereotypic hand movements, seizures, gait ataxia and autism [35] and is caused by mutations in the gene that encode methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2), which is associated with chromatin remodeling [36] .
cord-332387-rmmmhrjy	2020	This study was designed to assess the variation of the air quality actually measured from the air pollution monitoring stations (AQMS) in three cities (Wuhan, Daegu, and Tokyo), in Asian countries experiencing the explosive outbreak of COVID-19, in a short period of time. Wuhan, which had the largest decrease of PM(2.5) concentration due to COVID-19, also marked the largest reduced Dose(PM)(2.5 10-year-old children) (μg) (3660 μg at Br. and 6222 μg at AI), followed by Daegu (445 μg at Br. and 1287 μg at AI), and Tokyo (18 μg at Br. and 52 μg at AI), over two months after the city lockdown/self-reflection. In this study, the air quality variation with the trend of COVID-19 at Wuhan in China, Daegu in South Korea, and Tokyo in Japan experienced explosive outbreaks in a short period of time, which was estimated based on the actual measured data from air pollution monitoring stations (AQMS).
cord-332496-xxz6qd3i	2020	The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychological impact of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, considering any protective factors, such as the practice of meditation or self-compassion, and their relationship with different lifestyles and circumstances of adults residing in Spain. A cross-sectional study was done using an anonymous online survey in which 412 participants filled out the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-2; the Impact of Events Scale; and the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, reporting severe symptomatology of posttraumatic stress and mild anxiety and depression. In spite of these limitations, the results of this study provide important information on the psychological and social impact of the first three weeks of a COVID-19 quarantine period, including that self-compassion might be an important protective factor, and may be used as a reference in future epidemics or outbreaks of the virus that provoke similar short or long-term situations to generate hypotheses for improvement of prevention and intervention.
cord-332673-av2vt54r	2020	This commentary explores the potential of implementing digital technologies that can be used at different stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, including data-driven disease surveillance, screening, triage, diagnosis, and monitoring. During the outbreak of Ebola and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), digital health (DH) demonstrated its potential in detecting and fighting global epidemics [2] [3] [4] . This article reveals that digital technologies can be used at different stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, including data-driven disease surveillance, screening, triage, diagnosis, and monitoring. Online surveillance-mapping tools, such as the Surveillance and Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System (SORMAS) [9] , as well as HealthMap [10] , have the potential to improve the early detection of infectious diseases in comparison to traditional epidemiological tools [2] . The app has the potential to include real-time updates of evidence-based guidelines during a global pandemic to inform the general population and healthcare providers.
cord-332828-a4ck2ddp	2020	We used two models: the Logistic Growth and the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered for real-time forecasting the confirmed cases of COVID-19 across Saudi Arabia. This article aims to give a local prediction of the epidemic peak for COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia by using the real-time data from 2 March 2020 to 15 May 2020. In [18] , a mathematical model was developed to predict the effects of implementing government restrictions to contain COVID-19 epidemic on the number of infection cases in China. We present predictions for reported cases of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia from 2 March to 15 May 2020 using mathematical modeling and simulation. Predicting the cumulative number of cases for the COVID-19 epidemic in China from early data Estimating the unreported number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases in China in the first half of January 2020: A data-driven Modelling analysis of the early outbreak
cord-332977-884z6qrq	2020	Barriers to IPC implementation vary with the study design and questions asked, but cover the whole gamut: lack of a national regulatory framework and associated budget; lack of management support; unfamiliarity of staff with IPC guidelines; failure to triage or screen patients; insufficient infrastructure and equipment, such as isolation spaces and personal protective equipment (PPE); deficient ventilation; inadequate staffing and training; poor functioning of infection control committees; and neglect of exposed non-clinical staff. A review across Botswana, Zambia, and South Africa of laws relevant to reduction of TB transmission adopted a systems view by focusing on regulations governing national legal and policy frameworks; facility design, construction, and use; patients'' and health workers'' rights; and research, as well as the monitoring of infection control measures and TB surveillance among health workers. Health Care Worker Perspectives on workplace safety, infection control and drug-resistant tuberculosis in a high burden HIV setting
cord-333015-xgudk2h0	2020	Pharmacists who worked a higher number of hours per week, were more knowledgeable about the more frequent infectious diseases related to travel, believed that travel medicine was a pharmacist competency, believed that they could give advice to the public, and had received information from scientific journals and educational activities were more likely to have this positive attitude. Therefore, to enhance the existing information, the current study investigated the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards infectious diseases related to travel and their influencing factors among community pharmacists in Italy. The results of the multivariate linear regression model, built to test the variables associated with this outcome of interest, showed that pharmacists who worked a higher number of hours for week, those who had a higher level of knowledge about the more frequent infectious diseases related to travel, those who believed that travel medicine is a pharmacists'' competence, those who believed that they could give advice to the public about travel medicine, and those who had received information from scientific journals and educational activities compared with those who did not receive any information were more likely to believe that it is important to provide information to the public about travel medicine (Model 2 in Table 2 ).
cord-334282-8fni03cj	2020	Additionally, we found that the number of cases in each neighborhood was more correlated to the number of elderly people in the neighborhood than it was to the number of beds in assisted living or day care facilities in the neighborhood, despite the negative impact of COVID-19 cases on the reputation of this kind of center. A few publicly available variables that would be interesting to analyze to gauge the demand for elderly care in Barcelona are the Total Population, RFID (Spanish acronym of disposable household income index), Elderly Population, Elderly Population Living Alone, and Disabled Elderly Population. A few publicly available variables that would be interesting to analyze to gauge the demand for elderly care in Barcelona are the Total Population, RFID (Spanish acronym of disposable household income index), Elderly Population, Elderly Population Living Alone, and Disabled Elderly Population.
cord-334638-au5sqzxw	2020	The aims of this work were to (a) analyze how the attitudes of professionals in the field of psychology have changed in relation to the use of ICTs in the context of psychological monitoring during the lockdown; (b) assess whether the practice of psychological counseling and therapy includes greater use of ICTs during the lockdown period; (c) identify the factors that potentially have affected such changes; and (d) study the possible adoption of guidelines for at-distance psychological monitoring by psychologists who are using ICTs during the period of physical distance This study aimed to explore psychologists'' attitudes and practices related with the use of ICTs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period, for identification of the main changes that have occurred in the provision of counseling and therapy.
cord-334711-58ygbyiz	2020	To meet these goals, we conducted an explorative study with a sample of college students to examine the effects of Covid-19 pandemic perception, psychological need satisfaction, proactiveness, and optimism are in entrepreneurial intentions. This research will focus on four characteristics, namely proactiveness, optimism, the Covid-19 pandemic perception, and psychological need satisfaction, to quantify the relationship between these four traits of the students and their entrepreneurial intention. First, through a representative sample of Latin American university students, this study aims to analyze the relationships between proactiveness, optimism, Covid-19 pandemic perception, psychological need satisfaction, and entrepreneurial intention in an adverse situation, as it is this current pandemic. Second, the current study focuses primarily on how the Covid-19 pandemic perception and need satisfaction mediate the predictive effects of student proactivity and optimism on entrepreneurial intention.
cord-334889-mn8ctg6x	2020	Despite the methodological limitation and relatively high risk of bias possessed by some included studies, positive evidence was still detected on the effects of TCE on these cancer-related health outcomes in physical, psychological, and physiological parameters. (3) Types of interventions: Studies where TCE (e.g., Qigong, Tai Chi Chuan, and Baduanjin) was applied in the intervention group were included, but there is no restriction on the control group where usual care, low-intensity exercises, health education, or psychological therapy can be used. (3) Types of interventions: Studies where TCE (e.g., Qigong, Tai Chi Chuan, and Baduanjin) was applied in the intervention group were included, but there is no restriction on the control group where usual care, low-intensity exercises, health education, or psychological therapy can be used. They reported that a 12-week Yang-style Tai Chi Chuan intervention for three times per week with 60 min per time can exert more positive effects on bone health of breast cancer patients.
cord-336614-u6alc6rs	2020	Antiviral treatment, empirical antibacterial agents, adjunctive therapies, anticoagulant treatment, supportive care (oxygen, intravenous fluids, monitoring, high-flow nasal oxygen/noninvasive ventilation, and mechanical ventilation, among others), dosage, method of administration and duration of treatment, drug side effects and interactions, nonrecommended treatment or recommendation for other drugs, hospital circuits, ward organization and care planning, and discharge recommendations were collected from all clinical protocols for COVID-19. This study showed that the COVID-19 protocols of the largest hospitals in Andalusia (Spain) varied widely in several aspects, including antiviral treatment: they used different dosages, durations, and combinations of treatment for the same clinical condition. Several randomized clinical trials on tocilizumab, either alone or in combination, in patients with COVID-19 with severe pneumonia are underway, and its use was included in the Chinese national treatment guidelines [30, 31] .
cord-337219-d81v8b4j	2018	Simulation cases for analysis were established, as shown in Table 3 , to conduct a case study that analyzed the range of airborne pathogen dispersion according to the location of diffusers in the bed area of the ED, the ventilation rate, and the installation of partitions between beds. Simulation cases for analysis were established, as shown in Table 3 , to conduct a case study that analyzed the range of airborne pathogen dispersion according to the location of diffusers in the bed area of the ED, the ventilation rate, and the installation of partitions between beds. Simulation cases for analysis were established, as shown in Table 3 , to conduct a case study that analyzed the range of airborne pathogen dispersion according to the location of diffusers in the bed area of the ED, the ventilation rate, and the installation of partitions between beds.
cord-337316-ialg7d7e	2020	To systematically examine the articles selected, the explored dimensions of perception (understanding/sensorial perception; reactions/psychological consequences; reactions/physical consequences; behaviors) were categorized by 20 features (awareness; belief; knowledge; concern; risk perception; worry; fear; outrage; familiarity; trust; annoyance; anxiety; life quality change; self-reported health symptoms; avoidance of the problem; search for information; exposure reduction; proactivity; request for action; and acceptance). Cross-sectional study by questionnaire to evaluate relationships between concern on health effects of air pollution and personal and environmental factors. The results of this analysis, presented in Table 2 , showed that for "understanding" (44) , most of the articles focused on awareness (32); for "reactions/psychological" (48), more represented risk perception (23); for "reactions/physical" (44) , the declared symptoms were most represented (26); and for "behaviours" (38) , exposure reduction (13) and search for information (12) were the most represented. People, place and pollution: Investigating relationships between air quality perceptions, health concerns, exposure, and individual-and area-level characteristics
cord-337581-3rmrkq1k	2020	The objective of this study was to discover the learning experiences and the expectations about the changes in education, in light of the abrupt change from face-to-face to e-learning education, of nursing students enrolled in the Bachelor''s and Master''s degree of two public Spanish universities during the first month of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The experiences found were differentiated according to the group of students, depending if they had or not practice-based subjects during the education period affected by the state of alarm, the proximity to ending their training as nurses, or if they were health professionals who were conducting post-graduate studies.
cord-338578-e0aiknb6	2020	(2) Methods: EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO were systematically searched for original studies assessing clinical outcomes in adult survivors of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS), middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) after hospital discharge. (4) Conclusions: We recommend future COVID-19 follow-up studies to use the ICF framework to select a combination of outcome measures that capture all the components for a better understanding of the impact on survivors and planning interventions to maximize functional return. The aim of this systematic review is to identify outcome measures which have been used in follow-up studies in the coronavirus outbreaks, including SARS in 2002 and MERS in 2012 [21] , and to classify them using the ICF model. In conclusion, we are proposing an ICF-based framework to assist researchers in selecting outcome measures for future follow-up studies of COVID-19 survivors.
cord-338580-zszeldfv	2020	This study aims to explore the influence of COVID-19 on exercise behavior and its impact on mood states, as well as predict changes in exercise behavior during a similar future pandemic in Taiwan. Those who exercised for 2-3 days per week prepandemic and were able to maintain their exercise frequency, had higher mood states compared to those who decreased their exercise frequency to one day or less during the COVID-19 pandemic (b pre2:during1-2 = −0.25, p < 0.01). Exercise frequency during the COVID-19 pandemic had no significant effect on mood states for those who exercised one day or less prepandemic (p > 0.05). In general, higher frequencies of exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in better mood states. Our study is the first study conducted to investigate the changes in exercise behavior and mood states during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan.
cord-339324-ab0ecwvw	2020	For example, studies have developed dendrograms from the hierarchy clustering analysis based on the strength of functional connectivity among the face-selective specified regions of interest (or ROI''s) when the participants performed a face recognition task [39] . For example, studies have developed dendrograms from the hierarchy clustering analysis based on the strength of functional connectivity among the face-selective specified regions of interest (or ROI''s) when the participants performed a face recognition task [39] . The results can be described as follows: first, it is possible to identify performance profiles in visual recognition of faces that differ in position in terms of reaction times, not accuracy; secondly, results suggest a bias towards the left. The results can be described as follows: first, it is possible to identify performance profiles in visual recognition of faces that differ in position in terms of reaction times, not accuracy; secondly, results suggest a bias towards the left.
cord-339401-jv0rse14	2020	The evaluation uses a mixed methods portfolio of in-house, commissioned, and separately funded studies to assess the impact of MUP across multiple intended and unintended outcomes related to compliance, the alcoholic drinks industry, consumption, and health and social harms. MUP in the form it takes in Scotland has not been implemented elsewhere and it is important to add to the evidence base on the impact and experience on alcohol pricing policies across a range of outcomes. Scotland was the first country to introduce MUP and the evaluation will add to the international evidence on impact and experience of alcohol pricing policy across a broad range of outcomes. Public Health Scotland is leading this evaluation, working with in-house, commissioned, and separately funded research teams to deliver a mixed methods portfolio of studies designed to evidence the impact of MUP on important outcomes, to understand the lived experience of key groups exposed to MUP and to explore the mechanisms by which changes occur.
cord-339503-nutc1mvz	2020	title: Synthetic Evaluation of China''s Regional Low-Carbon Economy Challenges by Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response Model The combination of DPSIR with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a useful method to study low-carbon evaluation because the AHP model has a special advantage in multi-indexes evaluation. This paper constructs the low-carbon economy evaluation system and comprehensively evaluates the numerical value of low-carbon economic development of China''s 30 regions from 2000 to 2015 by using the AHP method. It is indicated that the four sub-indexes should be developed at the same pace and promoting the development of a low-carbon economy in the mid-west areas is the key in China. Firstly, the analytical framework of a low-carbon economy system is constructed, in which the DPSIR model is used considering human needs, social progress, economic development, energy demand, carbon emissions, resource status, low-carbon consumption and economic development. where T represents the development degree of the comprehensive evaluation index, which is the reflection of the development level of low-carbon economy.
cord-339517-93nuovsj	2020	The one-way ANOVA showed a main effect of age group for perceived patient''s likelihood of contracting the infection (F 2,353 -Statistic = 1157, p < 0.001), and reported levels of concern about the professional future ( To the question "During clinical activity, which measures do you use to prevent COVID-19 infection?", dentists replied highlighting a good knowledge of what is reported in the most recent indications from the literature. To the question "Which aids do you think could help dental professionals during COVID-19 pandemic?", for which two preferences could be expressed, the dentists replied indicating "Economic relieves from Italian government" (65.7%), "Social security institutions support and subsidy" (44.1%)," Economic relieves from dental associations" (32.1%) and "Improvement of communication with patients" (8.1%).
cord-339835-ze9ay2rm	2020	As a means to address the changing needs of our hospital''s HCWs, we conducted a narrative analysis study in the early stages of the covid-19 outbreak. By paying close attention the narratives of the hospital staff, we were able to address an additional aim, namely, to initiate the establishment of a data-based foundation for both immediate and future interventions, thereby expanding knowledge regarding the psychological mechanisms and strategies that front-line personnel use to cope with exposure to traumatic situations. Sharon, a nurse, summed up this opinion very succinctly as: "Corona-it is not extra work, it is completely different work." Against the background of this commonly held perspective, the third stage of the Listening Guide analytic technique nonetheless enabled us, the interviewers, to identify multiple voices that revealed different aspects of HCWs'' experiences and needs, including their attitudes towards the coronavirus pandemic, the staff and the hospital, and their own needs.
cord-340128-qxkopvot	2020	Conclusions: This review underlines the need for more and better quality research of psychosocial factors in SMEs, particularly in relation to ongoing and new challenges in the workplace, including stressors related to the process of digitalization or the development of safe working conditions during the emerge of new infectious diseases. The reviews did, however, not specifically focus on the situation of employers and employees working in SMEs. Furthermore, the Joint German Occupational Safety and Health Strategy (GDA) published recommendations for implementing psychosocial risk assessments listing five work patterns (i.e., work characteristics) that have been identified as primary stress factors in the workplace [39] : To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to summarize and categorize the current evidence on work-related psychosocial demands with a specific focus on small and medium sized enterprises to identify gaps in current knowledge and provide a systematic overview of which psychosocial factors, outcomes and economic sectors have been considered to date.
cord-340545-mgq3a4t9	2020	This paper uses the Manifesto''s framework to suggest research areas into the problematic usage of pornography which are of particular relevance to clinicians and other professionals working in the field who want to develop approaches to assist individuals and target groups affected by PUP. The clinical aspects of some Internet-related behaviours appear phenomenologically much like addiction (e.g., gambling or viewing pornography), and demonstrate impaired control (unsuccessful attempts to reduce or cease the behaviour), preoccupation (craving), associated functional impairment ( For problematic online sexual behaviour (e.g., cybersex), three structural elements have been highlighted as being important contributors per the so-termed Triple A Model involving: accessibility, affordability, and anonymity (Cooper, 1998; Cooper et al., 1999) , though more research is needed on this topic (Brand et al., 2016a; Wery and Billieux, 2017) . This paper sets out to determine "what topics should be included within future research proposals under the Manifesto to meet the diverse needs of consumers, recovery communities and professionals impacted by the problematic use of pornography"?
cord-340882-why0t9ld	2020	title: The Effects of Exclusively Resistance Training-Based Supervised Programs in People with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Specifically, evidence-based recommendations for the prescription of exercise for patients with major depressive disorders (MDDs) propose interventions of 2-3 sessions of supervised aerobic and/or aerobic and resistance training exercise of 45-60 min duration with moderate intensity per week [7] , although it has been suggested that the volume of training may be more relevant than frequency [16] . [26] , the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-HAM-D-by Hamilton [27] , the Geriatric Depression Scale-GDS-of Yesavage [28] ), but without other major disease (e.g., Parkinson''s, Alzheimer''s, cancer, dementia); (ii) Only supervised exclusively resistance training-based interventions were considered, with minimal warm-up activities outside the scope of the main exercise mode; Comparators were control groups not performing any training protocol and/or supervised contrast groups also performing an alternative exercise program (i.e., yoga, stretching, aerobic exercise); Outcomes were any effects on performance, health and quality of life; Study design was limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
cord-340889-ff35696d	2020	The associations of change in sex life with risk perception of COVID-19, general anxiety, gender, age, and sexual orientation were also examined. Given that the COVID-19 is a novel respiratory infectious disease resulting in global impacts on human lives worldwide, additional studies are required on whether risk perception of COVID-19 and general anxiety are significantly associated with changes in sex life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, we examined the associations of gender, age, sexual orientation, risk perception of COVID-19, and general anxiety with changes in sex life. The present study found that risk perception, general anxiety, gender, age, and sexual orientation related to various aspects of changes in sex life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Risk perception of COVID-19, general anxiety, gender, age, and sexual orientation were associated with greater change in various aspects of an individual''s sex life.
cord-341105-3uvbfp8c	2020	Their self-reported experience of sleep disturbance and suicidal thoughts in the previous week were collected along with a number of COVID-19-related factors, including level of worry, change in social interaction and daily lives, any academic/occupational interference, levels of social and specific support, and self-reported physical health. The results demonstrated that current sleep disturbance was significantly associated with several factors, including younger age (cOR = 0.99; p = 0.002), more severe worry about COVID-19 (cOR = 1.07; p < 0.001), more severe impact of COVID-19 on social interaction (cOR = 1.14; p = 0.001), lower perceived social support (cOR = 0.87; p < 0.001), lower self-reported physical health (cOR = 0.76; p < 0.001), higher academic/occupational interference (cOR = 1.20; p < 0.001), lower COVID-19-specified support (cOR = 0.85; p < 0.001), and more household disinfection (cOR = 1.23; p = 0.03).
cord-341616-ts98sfxx	2020	This qualitive study uses China''s Health Code policy under COVID-19 to explore why the public performs voice behavior on social media and how this influences policy evolution and product innovation through cooperative governance. What is more, as a form of public participation in cooperative governance, public voice plays a significant role in promoting policy evolution and product innovation, and represents a useful form of cooperation with governments and enterprises to jointly maintain social stability under public health emergencies This study adopts a dynamic research perspective, and takes the dynamic evolution of health codes policy as an example, focusing on exploring how public voice promoted the improvement of products by enterprises and the implementation of policies by the government under a public health emergency. As shown in Figure 1 , the dynamic mechanism of public voice behavior to promote policy implementation and evolution in public health emergencies is as follows: First, under the guidance of the government, enterprises participate in the development of policy and design products to assist policy implementation with advanced technologies.
cord-341620-nmrkhx5t	2020	Therefore, to evaluate the COVID-19 risk associated with the presence of air-conditioning systems, we conducted a rapid review of the literature concerning outbreaks of coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) in indoor environments. We utilized the participants-exposure-comparisons-outcome (PECOS) criteria, and we defined them according to evidence-based practice [32] -P (participants) is human subjects residing in indoor environments, E (exposure) is exposed to air-conditioning systems (HVAC), C (comparisons) is any comparison between the pathogens under study, and O (outcome) is respiratory infection outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, or SARS CoV-2. A retrospective study of on outbreak involving 74 patients in the same hospital indicated that the rapid evaporation of the droplets produced by coughing in a relatively dry, air-conditioned environment, could also induce virus-laden aerosol, which was probably responsible for spreading the infection to patients who were not in the same room [35] .
cord-341661-sokoghh1	2020	The current study was conducted to assess anxiety and fear of getting infected among dentists while working during the current novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) outbreak. Considering the current rapid spread of infection, the American Dental Association (ADA) highlighted key steps to be taken by dentists in addition to the standard universal precautions such as taking patients'' recent travel history; assessing signs and symptoms of RTI; recording patients'' body temperature; mouth rinsing with 1% hydrogen peroxide prior to commencement of any procedure; using a rubber dam and high volume suction during procedures; and frequently cleaning and disinfecting public contact areas including door handles, chairs and, washrooms [13] . The present cross-sectional study reported the anxiety and fear of getting infected among dentists while working during the current viral outbreak.
cord-342415-j3fv7u2d	2020	The examination of the final sample of 44 IA reports revealed a heavy focus on environmental health determinants and included health outcomes were often limited to a few aspects, such as HIV, malaria and injuries. Category A projects, such as most large-scale mining projects, are required to conduct a comprehensive IA, including a thorough assessment and data collection for informing potential health impacts [40, 42] . For each report section (e.g., baseline, impact assessment, mitigation measures and monitoring plan), information on the inclusion of different health aspects was extracted. This comprehensive review of IA reports of mining projects in SSA points at three main shortfalls of current IA practice: (i) lack of transparency; (ii) narrow scope of considered health aspects, with a strong focus on the physical environment; and (iii) lack of local-level primary data collection on health outcomes.
cord-343701-x5rghsbs	2020	Based on data from 21 January to 20 February 2020, six rolling grey Verhulst models were built using 7-, 8and 9-day data sequences to predict the daily growth trend of the number of patients confirmed with COVID-19 infection in China. On this basis, a rolling grey Verhulst model and its derived models were established to predict the change trend of the number of cases of COVID-19 infection in China. Based on a rolling mechanism, the rolling grey Verhulst model and its derived models for predicting the number of patients infected with COVID-19 in China were constructed by adding the latest data and removing the earliest data. The results showed that the rolling grey Verhulst model and its derived models could accurately predict the changes in the number of confirmed patients in China.
cord-343767-nnx8adtl	2020	To a certain extent, the model and the algorithm are proposed to solve the problem of medical waste disposal, based on transit temporary storage stations, which we are convinced will have far-reaching significance for China and other countries to dispatch medical waste in response to such public health emergencies. In this paper, the immune algorithm, the q-value method, and the improved ant colony algorithm are applied to the model to solve the path planning problem of the transport of medical waste. The studies of this paper are to establish a number of transport stations and an efficient medical waste transport model between hospitals and transport stations and, eventually, optimize the transportation paths. For the path optimization problem between the transport station and the hospitals, we used the ant colony optimization algorithm and the tabu search algorithm to solve it, which is a vehicle routing problem with load constraints (CVRP).
cord-344075-ucd6ooob	2020	title: Mental Well-Being (Depression, Loneliness, Insomnia, Daily Life Fatigue) during COVID-19 Related Home-Confinement—A Study from Poland The aim of the study was to measure indicators of mental well-being in a Polish sample with regard to selected sociodemographic and health behavior data during home confinement related to COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, our study aimed to measure mental well-being (levels of depression, insomnia, daily life fatigue, and loneliness) in a sample of the Polish population during COVID-19 related home confinement. The results have clearly shown that the pandemic and associated psychological stress are risk factors for sleep disorders and psychological diseases, e.g., the authors have shown that all of the elements of the Psychological Well-Being (PGWB) questionnaire (anxiety, depressed mood, positive well-being, self-control, general health, vitality) were significantly worse among study respondents than in previous general population data [33] .
cord-345991-d26y5291	2020	To date, most of the effective hand sanitizer products are alcohol-based formulations containing 62%–95% of alcohol as it can denature the proteins of microbes and the ability to inactivate viruses. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends alcohol-based hand sanitizer (ABHS) in line with the proven advantages of their rapid action and a broad spectrum of microbicidal activity offering protection against bacteria and viruses. Data were extracted by two authors based on the To date, most effective hand sanitizer products are alcohol-based formulations containing 62%-95% of alcohol as it is capable of denaturing the proteins of microbes and inactivating viruses [19, 20] . Alcohols have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against most vegetative forms of bacteria (including Mycobacterium tuberculosis), fungi, and enveloped viruses (human Although hand sanitizers may be less effective than soaps in some situations, it is undeniable that they are the preferred form of hand hygiene in healthcare settings.
cord-346194-l8svzjp2	2020	This research validates how social media exposure indirectly effects preventive behavior concerning COVID-19 and explains the paths of effect through awareness or information exchange. In this study, the researchers determined the outcome of social media on the preventive behavior among people about COVID-19, how individuals gain information and awareness knowledge through social media to control COVID-19. Additionally, path analysis and maximum likelihood method were used to verify the mediated impact of health communication (awareness knowledge and information exchange) among social media and preventive behavior. H5 and H3 tested whether awareness knowledge and information exchange directly influenced preventive behavior during an infectious disease outbreak like COVID-19. Eke [37] supported this theory that public awareness affects an individual behavior during an infectious disease outbreak to control its spread. Therefore, due to lack of resources, most developing nations use social media networks for health communication tools to prevent and control the spread of infectious disease in a community [37] .
cord-346258-xlyi0cnl	2020	Although significant amounts of research have been done on the positive effects of Internet and online communication on social pressure [12] , fear of missing out [13] , relatedness to friends and family need satisfaction [14] , perceived social support [15] , well-being [16] and life satisfaction [17] , these effects were never studied in the peculiar environment of a cruise ship where life and work contexts are so intertwined such that the distinction between one and the other is blurred [18] . We reviewed existing theory and previous studies on the effects of the Internet and online communication on social pressure, fear of missing out, Internet multitasking and relatedness to friends and family need satisfaction. The goal of the current study was to investigate and model complex mutual interactions the Internet and online communication had on social pressure, fear of missing out, internet multitasking and relatedness to friends and family need satisfaction, perceived social support, well-being and life satisfaction of cruise ship employees.
cord-346388-j6pajd68	2020	Therefore, the present study examines the preferences of tourists in order to establish a tourism destination management strategy for young children as a type of accessible tourism from a public perspective. Choice experiments (CEs) were used to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for facilities and services for young children at a tourist destination, in order to understand preferences. From this perspective, it has become important to consider the level of accessibility for young children when designing facilities and services of tourist destinations. Therefore, CE was selected as the analysis method for understanding tourists'' preferences for child-friendly tourism facilities and services and developing a tourism destination management strategy for young children. Preferences for facilities and services for young children were identified using CEs. The study site was Hwaseong Fortress, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in Suwon City, a leader in the clean restroom culture.
cord-347126-hvrly37e	2020	title: Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults The combined effect of changes in lifestyle behaviors; confinement to the home through government restrictions in travel; and elevated depression, anxiety and stress associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic, may have significant negative impacts on sleep [14] . Therefore, the present study aims to examine associations between depression, anxiety and stress and changes in health behaviors, including physical activity, sleep, smoking and alcohol use subsequent to the onset of COVID-19 and the implementation of social isolation rules in Australia. The present study examined the association between depression, anxiety and stress and the change in health behaviors of physical activity, sleep, smoking and alcohol use subsequent to the onset of COVID-19, as individual health behaviors and as a health behavior change index composite score.
cord-348012-idflfwpb	2020	Our results show that identity-resources (membership continuity/new group memberships, and personal identity strength) are positively related to process-resources (social support and perceived personal control), and that both are related to better perceived mental health, lower levels of anxiety and depression, and higher well-being (life satisfaction and resilience) during confinement. Based on this model, our study explores whether: (1) group memberships (specifically, membership continuity and new memberships) and personal identity strength, considered as identity-resources derived from group social identities, and (2) social support (received and provided) and perceived personal control, considered as process-resources derived from the identity-resources, are related to well-being and psychological health in the confinement experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on this model, our study explores whether: (1) group memberships (specifically, membership continuity and new memberships) and personal identity strength, considered as identity-resources derived from group social identities, and (2) social support (received and provided) and perceived personal control, considered as process-resources derived from the identity-resources, are related to well-being and psychological health in the confinement experience during the COVID-19 pandemic.
cord-348269-6z0kiapa	2020	We leveraged Google Street View (GSV) images and computer vision to detect built environment features (presence of a crosswalk, non-single family home, single-lane roads, dilapidated building and visible wires). In examining associations between built environment characteristics and COVID cases, we controlled for demographic compositional characteristics of areas and population density, which has previously been utilized in econometric studies as a proxy for air pollution and other factors found with greater prevalence in urban areas [15, 16] . Additionally, previous studies found that physical disorder in the neighborhood environments is significantly associated with higher prevalence of chronic diseases [19] and poor self-rated health [20] , which also increases the chances of contracting COVID-19 [21, 22] . From GSV images, we created indicators of urban development (non-single family home, single lane roads), walkability (crosswalks, sidewalks), and physical disorder (dilapidated building, visible utility wires).
cord-348717-qgny6f6y	2020	Anecdotal evidence in Kenya shows that the COVID-19 pandemic is contributing to deteriorating optimal environments that threaten children''s early development and has direct health impacts on caregivers and children [11] [12] [13] . There are several far-reaching, interlinked direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated control measures on nurturing care and related ECD outcomes including children''s cognitive, physical, language, motor, and social and emotional development (Figure 1 ). There is a need to build and leverage community level programs and policy support, targeting children at risk of abuse and neglect, and adolescents at risk of early pregnancy, to ameliorate the negative effects of the pandemic, such as poor nurturing care environments and transactional sex for food and pads among adolescent girls, all of which subsequently leading to poor child development outcomes.
cord-348994-ly2fop7d	2020	It also summarizes the ongoing discussion about the designs and methods for assessing the air pollution impact with particular attention to improvements due to spatio-temporal analysis and other new approaches, such as studying short term effects in cohorts, and the still discussed methods of predicting the values of attributable risk (AR). The most important problems with these studies were recognized by the researchers themselves, i.e., (1) not having studied other factors potentially responsible for the effects, including air pollutants other than particulate matter (PM), (2) not having individual measurements of exposure, which could prefigure exposure measurement errors, (3) having measured mortality that was premature only by a few days, which is an effect of limited public-health impact, (4) having used different methods to study this association in different cities.
cord-349144-cvmebr3f	2020	The study was conducted at the MaxilloFacial Surgery Unit of "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, on two different groups of patients: a group of follow-up patients (A(1): patients in oncological follow-up after surgical treatment performed before the COVID-19 pandemic; A(2): suffering from chronic lesions such as precancerous lesions), and a group B of patients with first urgent visits (B(1): patients with suspected oncological pathology; B(2): patients with suspected urgent disease such as medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ), odontogenic abscesses, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation, etc.). Before being subjected to a remote visit, all patients were contacted by telephone for adherence to the protocol and to explain the limits of the method related to not performing a physical examination in person and submitting the COVID-19 screening questionnaire; the authorization to use telemedicine was obtained via recorded video or signature on a specific consent form and sent on the institutional email.
cord-349313-2gupfqnl	2020	This study aims to analyze the relationship between different publications and their authors through citation networks, as well as to identify the research areas and determine which publication has been the most cited. Methods: The search for publications was carried out through the Web of Science database using terms such as "COVID-19" and "SARS-CoV-2" for the period between January and July 2020. The search of publications was carried out using the Web of Science (WOS) database with the following search terms: "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "The Coronavirus Disease 2019" and "Corona Virus Disease 2019". Moreover, the most common keywords used in Chinese journals were "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "Prevention and control", "Traditional Chinese Medicine", "Computed tomography", "Epidemic", "Public health", "MERS", "Pneumonia" and "Male". In this group, the different articles analyze the viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the most frequent symptoms (fever, cough, diarrhea, etc.) and experimental treatment methods such as chloroquine phosphate (Figure 7 ).
cord-350006-c4be9eii	2020	An online questionnaire, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), was sent to Italian dentists during the final days of the lockdown with items about anxiety, fear, distress, perceived risk for operators, and concerns about orthodontic patients caused by working during the COVID-19 outbreak. The questionnaire was comprised of 31 multiple-choice questions: 5 questions were about personal data (gender, age, region of residence); 4 were on symptoms of COVID-19; 7 were about the perceived risk for operators during orthodontic procedures, anxiety and distress caused by working during the COVID-19 outbreak; 6 were about the fears for an infection and the concerns regarding orthodontic and Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) patients whose treatment has been suspended due to the epidemic; 5 were about emergencies and changes in clinical procedures and work organization as a result of the COVID-19.
cord-350031-2c9x55hx	2020	Compliance with social distancing and staying-at-home, stress (Perceived Stress Scale-4), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorders-2), and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-2) were collected. The association of mental health symptoms including stress, anxiety and depression with the number of measures adopted, number of days stayed-at-home and perceived effectiveness and compliance were calculated by multivariable linear (for stress) and logistic (for anxiety and depression) regressions. Effect modifications by age (18-59, 65+ years) and education attainment (primary or below, secondary, and tertiary) on the associations between mental health symptoms, stay-at-home and compliance with social distancing were assessed using the interaction terms. Perceived effectiveness and compliance with social distancing measures were associated with lower stress levels and risks for anxiety and depressive symptoms (all p < 0.001). We have provided the first evidence on compliance with non-pharmaceutical community containment strategies including stay-at-home and social distancing and their associations with mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.
cord-350059-c25md0vm	2020	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reality and perceptions about personal safety among healthcare workers practicing in countries of Latin America during the current COVID-19 outbreak. Section 2 comprised four items and was designed to evaluate access to PPE (gel hand sanitizer, disposable gloves, disposable gowns, disposable masks, N95 masks, facial protective shields), access to personal safety policies and procedures (yes or no), access to COVID-19 diagnostic and treatment algorithms (yes or no), access to telemedicine to evaluate and follow up with patients (yes or no), and institutional support with human resources in case healthcare workers are sick (10-point Likert scale; 0 = no resources, 10 = full access to resources). In this survey study of healthcare professionals working in Latin America, we reported limited access to essential personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic.
cord-351100-llyl97ry	2020	We aimed to evaluate the time length of negativization from the onset of symptoms in healthcare workers (HCWs) with COVID-19, and to evaluate significant variations in cycle threshold (CT) values and gene positivity (E, RdRP, and N genes) among positive individuals who returned to work. We collected cycle threshold values of the first SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swabs (T0) for all 182 HCWs and CT values at one week before the two negative RT-PCR tests (T1) for the 58 subjects who healed by 30 April 2020 (Figure 2 ). In the present study, we analyzed 2443 nasopharyngeal swabs from 1683 HCWs by molecular laboratory testing for suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large university hospital in Milan, showing 10.8% positive HCWs. Overall, the majority of HCWs with COVID-19 were physicians, and the main reported symptoms were fever, cough, and headache.
cord-351413-3nfukrfl	2019	title: Spatiotemporal Clustering of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Incidence in Saudi Arabia, 2012–2019 We analyzed the spatiotemporal clustering of the MERS-CoV incidence in Saudi Arabia between 2012 and 2019 at the city level by using Kulldorff''s spatial scan statistics via SaTScan 9.6 [39] . The results of the spatiotemporal cluster analysis of MERS-CoV infection, using years and months as the time aggregates from 2012 to 2019, showed significant most likely and secondary clusters in Saudi Arabia (Table 3; Table 4 and Figure 5 ; Figure 6 ). Wadi The results of the spatiotemporal cluster analysis of MERS-CoV infection, using years and months as the time aggregates from 2012 to 2019, showed significant most likely and secondary clusters in Saudi Arabia (Table 3; Table 4 and Figure 5 ; Figure 6 ). Community case clusters of middle east respiratory syndrome Coronavirus in Hafr Al-Batin, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A descriptive genomic study
cord-351529-30apdn73	2020	The multiple regression model identified higher trust in data protection, level of education, and social media use as statistically significant predictors for a higher willingness to receive medical information while the first two predicted willingness to provide information. Significant differences were seen between the respondents according to their level of trust of the data protection when transferring medical information through remote communications during emergencies, in both mean willingness to provide medical information (F(2504) = 54.36, p < 0.001) and to receive medical services (F(2504) = 44.11, p < 0.001). The willingness of the general public to provide medical information and to receive medical services from a health fund through remote communications in times of emergency was found to be high. In this cross-sectional study, conducted during an ongoing worldwide pandemic outbreak, the willingness to receive medical services and to provide medical information through remote communications in times of emergency was found to be high.
cord-351651-6dbt99h0	2020	Thus, if bats were the natural hosts of SARS-CoVs, cold temperature and low humidity in these times might provide conducive environmental conditions for prolonged viral survival in these regions concentrated with bats. A study on the genome sequence of diseased pangolins smuggled from Malaysia to China found that pangolins carry coronavirus, suggesting that pangolins may be intermediate hosts for SARS-COV-2 [35] . However, the only source of bats that have been publicly identified as carrying virus phylogenetically close to SARS-CoV-2 is far away from Wuhan in Zhoushan, Zhejiang. However, to confirm this scenario, it is necessary to find wild bats in Wuhan and its neighboring areas that carry CoVs identical to those isolated from various SARS-2 patients. This mini-review evaluated the common epidemiological patterns of both SARS epidemics in China and identified cold, dry winter as a common environmental condition conducive for SARS virus infection to human beings.
cord-351785-d35kqobp	2020	Various social and environmental factors contribute to inadequate food access and availability in rural areas, influencing dietary intakes and food insecurity rates. This study aims to identify patterns related to food insecurity and fruit and vegetable consumption within a SNAP-eligible and low-income, highly obese rural Appalachian community. This study aims to identify patterns related to FV consumption and food access within a SNAP-eligible and low-income, highly obese rural Appalachian county in Kentucky. These findings will serve as a baseline to provide context for addressing food insecurity in a remote rural region of the U.S. Baseline findings will guide points of intercept, design future programming to explore the impact rurality has on obesity status, and address the barriers related to accessing nutritious foods within this community and those similar. Although SNAP participation provides an avenue to food security, it is clear that when compounded by additional factors, such as the economic disparities this rural Appalachian community experiences, it does not equate to consistent nutritional nourishment for these areas.
cord-351880-iqr419fp	2020	Total 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 11,999 Hubei 1514 1508 1487 1465 1477 1547 8998 Henan 113 134 109 159 170 125 810 Anhui 59 58 55 53 56 46 327 Hunan 57 46 68 54 41 36 302 Jiangxi 58 40 53 57 49 34 291 Chongqing 34 29 34 33 33 35 198 Zhejiang 22 29 25 33 25 33 167 Sichuan 22 30 45 21 22 27 167 Fujian 14 17 16 15 39 19 120 Jiangsu 38 13 16 19 13 11 110 Shandong 12 18 11 13 8 12 74 Guangdong 7 8 18 18 14 8 73 Hebei 0 1 5 Tianjin 1 0 0 1 0 1 3 Shanghai 0 1 0 1 0 1 3 Inner Mongolia 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 Xizang 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 Ningxia 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 According to the current infectious features of 2019-nCoV, which are that middle-aged and elderly people have a high risk of infection, and transmission can occur between individuals, families and communities, we assessed several main variables.
cord-352152-d3owtd98	2020	The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Our results revealed that the general population presenting with specific symptoms including chills, coryza, cough, dizziness, myalgia, and sore throat, as well as those with poor self-rated health status and history of chronic illnesses, experienced a psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression.
cord-352501-5c78kq0w	2020	Governments have taken measures to manage issues, and many previous studies have also explored these mechanisms, including governmental policies and regulations on organic farming [1] , the impact of foodborne poisoning caused by food contamination [2] , a novel coronavirus caused by microbial contaminants in game meat [3] , concerning the risk of animal diseases such as avian flu, swine flu, mad cow virus [4, 5] , safety assessment of meat products [6] , and food inspection standards, such as instrumental detection methods based on the nuclear magnet resonance [7] or low field nuclear magnetic resonance [8] to assess the adulteration of oils and fats. Study the expectations versus the actual perceived disparities at the consumer''s level and unravelling human perceptions in the context of food safety is important as both might affect the validity of the evaluation stage.
cord-353041-qmpatq8m	2020	Through an online survey of 550 randomly selected Chinese citizens, this study examines the roles of traditional media and social media in influencing the relationship between norm perception and pro-environmental behavior. Whether traditional media and social media activate the perception of social norms in the same way, and how the possible difference affects their influence on pro-environmental behavior are the focus of our research. In order to examine in more detail the moderating effect of media environmental information exposure on the relationship between different types of norm perception and pro-environmental behaviors, we conduct further regression analysis to form Table 4 . This study mainly discusses the role of traditional media and social media in activating public norm perception and influencing pro-environmental behavior in the current media society. The research results show that traditional media usage for environment information acquisition (TME) activates norm perception and affects pro-environmental behaviors less than social media usage for environment information acquisition (SME).
cord-353173-5c4n4tsf	2020	Concerning the effect of PM pollution and the spread of viruses in the population, several recent studies have analyzed whether the different areas of the world with a high and rapid increase in COVID-19''s contagion were correlated to a greater level of air pollution. The authors conclude that there is a statistically significant relationship between short-term exposure to higher air pollution and an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. The authors conclude that there is a statistically significant relationship between short-term exposure to higher air pollution and an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. The microbiological analysis revealed the presence of pathogens adsorbed to the particles [31] , and in alveolar cells and in the Summing up, the exposure to polluting agents alters the immune response of the lung cells and induces an increase in oxidative and inflammatory stress.
cord-353391-o0s2h0y0	2020	To investigate the importance of serum vitamin D levels, median age, temperature, and humidity we compare infection control measures and their impact on COVID-19-related fatalities in Portugal, Sweden, and Switzerland ( Figure 1 ). A study compared community-wide mask compliance in relation to the number of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases/fatalities in Hong Kong, Singapore, and other countries [29] . This mask-wearing strategy combined with social distancing, personal hygiene, cancellation of social gatherings, use of the home office, and school closures resulted in the effective control of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission compared to other neighboring countries [29] . We investigated the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as an example of a highly populated, globally interconnected country with an equatorial hot climate and excellent control of the COVID-19 outbreak. We investigated the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as an example of a highly populated, globally interconnected country with an equatorial hot climate and excellent control of the COVID-19 outbreak.
cord-353482-dz343h7t	2020	This special issue of IJERPH has published a range of studies in this developing field of Global Community Child Health research. In addition to rural community-based initiatives given that most children now live in cities we are also interested to hear about urban initiatives….'' We hope this issue will of great interest to the researchers and practitioners as well as academia from the fields of Global Health as well as Global Child Health because it comprised of 14 articles representing all five continents. Despite of the journal''s strive for reaching out to a wider global child health community, this issue missed contributions relating to child safeguarding and social determinants of urban health. Whatever the level of the threat it is the mobilisation of community and household level interventions to protect and enable children which lies at the heart of global community child health [1] . We invited studies describing community-based interventions which impact on child health and wellbeing around the globe.
cord-353592-gsvobusu	2020	Due to the importance of understanding how the disease affects these professionals, the researchers of this study collected information related to demographic variables, associated with the job, changes of residence, possible contact with people during work, COVID-19 tests, hospitalization, isolation, protective equipment, concern over becoming infected, concern that a family member and/or someone with whom they are living may be infected. Finally, linear regression models were used to see which variables (demographic, work, COVID-19, burnout and resilience) were jointly related to symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression. Analyses were carried out to evaluate the proportion of health care cases with symptoms associated with possible posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and burnout at their different severity levels. This research aimed to assess the symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, burnout and resilience in Spanish health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
cord-353867-617f90wq	2020	This community-based initiative reached a large and diverse population, and statistically significant reductions in A1c levels (p < 0.01) were observed among participants with Type 2 diabetes at 3 months. The U.S.-Mexico border is impacted by extremely high disparities in income, education, and healthcare access, and these social determinants of health make this region among the nation''s Figure 1 illustrated the 27 counties formally included in the Healthy South Texas initiative [30] , and the counties in which the Diabetes Education Program was offered were marked with a red dot. Among participants with pre-diabetes or Type 1 diabetes, no statistically significant differences were observed based on baseline A1c level attending a follow-up session at any given time point (Table 2 ). From private and public sources, over USD 15,000,000 was identified in direct support and in-kind dollars for the Healthy South Texas initiative (including delivery of the Diabetes Education Program, as well as other disease prevention and health promotion activities) by governmental and nongovernmental entities.
cord-353890-dzauzjm7	2020	COVID-19 patients management requires availability of sufficiently large number of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) beds. We analysed Italian data at regional level with the aim to: (i) support health and government decision-makers in gathering rapid and efficient decisions on increasing health structures capacities (in terms of ICU slots) and (ii) define a geographic model to plan emergency and future COVID-19 patients management using reallocating them among health structures. Among these: 9268 were reported as being treated at home (i.e., not severe illness), 9663 hospitalised, and 1672 admitted to ICUs. To react to the exponential growth of infected patients requiring hospitalisation, the Chinese government decided to build a large emergency hospital dedicated to COVID-19 patients in a few days. In Figure 2 the COVID-19 diffusion is reported both for Italy and China red zones (A "red zone" is a geographical area (e.g., city, region, state) of maximal infection for which the government implements special social rules in order to deal with the emergency: typically restriction of citizens'' movements and prohibition to leave or enter the area).
cord-354345-p4ld0tun	2019	We carried out a comprehensive literature review aimed at investigating waterborne viral outbreaks linked to swimming pools, to explore the etiological agents implicated, pathways of transmission, associations between indicator organisms and disease, and key issues related to chlorination/disinfection procedures. Different databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar) were accessed using the terms norovirus, Norwalk virus, adenovirus, enterovirus, echovirus, coxsackievirus, and hepatitis A, in combination with terms recreation, swimming, pool, and water. In Oklahoma, USA, an outbreak of pharyngitis caused by HAdV type 7a was recorded in 1982 among 77 children attending a swimming pool [17] . In 2013-2014, a study investigated the presence of human enteric viruses (adenovirus, norovirus, and enterovirus) in indoor and outdoor swimming pool waters in Rome. Pharyngoconjunctival fever caused by adenovirus type 4: Report of a swimming pool-related outbreak with recovery of virus from pool water A swimming pool-associated outbreak of pharyngoconjunctival fever caused by human adenovirus type 4 in Beijing
cord-354619-pftjhtpo	2020	The oral cavity is purported to be one of the main host sites, both for entry and transmission, implicated in SARS-CoV-2 spread either through contact, droplet, aerosols, or saliva. Evidence suggests that the classic mechanism of transmission, contact and droplet spread, can be contained mostly by isolating symptomatic patients and by the use of facial masks/facial coverings, which de facto provides a physical barrier to the oral cavity and nose, the primary source of infection for droplets and larger aerosol particles. Following the above proposed guidelines, no cases COVID-19 disease transmission after single or multiple dental consultations was registered among the DHCW or patients. Classified as operative and non-operative, depending on their ability to work in the oral cavity or/and provide an essential outside support, the DHCW and the patients visiting the dental practice are undeniably at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and further transmission [41] .
cord-355055-7m8on8ct	2020	title: Generational Differences in Perceptions of Food Health/Risk and Attitudes toward Organic Food and Game Meat: The Case of the COVID-19 Crisis in China More specifically, by using the data collected from 1008 respondents in January 2020, the time when China was hit hard by the "Corona Virus Disease 2019" (COVID-19), this study investigates the overall and different generational respondents'' health/risk perceptions of and attitudes toward organic food and game meat. The results reveal that, firstly, based on their food health and risk perceptions of healthy and risky food, the respondents'' general attitudes are positive toward organic food but relatively negative toward game meat. It provides an empirical survey to investigate the overall and different generational respondents'' health/risk perceptions and attitudes toward organic food and game meat during the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis in China, utilizing data collected from 1008 respondents in January 2020, when the crisis hit the whole society.
cord-355066-jm07z3zk	2020	Finally, this study first sought to explore the demographic factors influence on the adolescents'' problematic smartphone use, namely gender, age, grades and parental education [59] [60] [61] [62] . Afterwards, the main focus of the study is to find out how does a marketing based education program reduces the problematic smartphone use of adolescents. The adolescents'' problematic smartphone use will decrease after receiving a marketing based education program including gamification and unhook strategies. The first set of hypotheses explored the problematic smartphone use difference in terms of gender (H1a), age (H1b), adolescents'' grades (H1c) and parents'' education (H1d). In order to test the problematic smartphone use difference on the basis of the adolescents'' grades (H1c) an analysis of variance test showed that SASA scores before the education do differ significantly according to the students'' grade levels.
cord-355095-4sxuppmo	2020	The aim of the present study was to examine the level of concern and the contributions of modes of resilience, well-being and demographic attributes towards decreasing or enhancing anxiety and depression among two samples: Israeli Jews (majority group) and Israeli Arabs (minority group). The present study aimed to examine the level of sense of danger and distress symptoms, the contributions of modes of resilience, well-being and demographic attributes towards decreasing or enhancing anxiety and depression among two samples: Israeli Jews (majority group, N = 605) and Israeli Arabs (minority group, N = 156). The Arab sample would score higher than the Jewish sample on the level of COVID-19 pandemic distress and the level of sense of danger perceived by its members and would score lower than the Jewish sample on individual and public (community and national) resilience as well as on feeling safe at home.
cord-355133-s1az6o5c	2020	The aim of this paper is to assess the perceived experience associated with N95/FFP2 respirators based on the available literature and data collected through an online survey completed by Italian dental professionals. The findings concurred that the prolonged use of respirators was associated with headaches (47.5%), severe exertion and discomfort (50.8%), moderate concentration problems (54.3%), moderate breathing difficulties (63.5%), and consequently, an impaired work ability (85.5%). The objectives of this paper were to evaluate the relevant findings in the literature regarding the rationale for use of an N95/FFP2 respirator related to AGPs particle sizes [26] that could contain the COVID-19 virus [6] in dental healthcare workers and assess the perceived symptoms experienced by dental professionals with the use of these respirators. Discomfort and exertion, which are common reports from the study, were a severe consequence of prolonged N95/FFP2 use for 50.8% of the sample (130 participants) and were related to gender, particularly with females (it was severe for 58.2% of females and 43.4% of males, p = 0.012) but not with the number of hours spent wearing respirators.
cord-355291-fq0h895i	2020	In this study, we attempted to identify the role of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth in terms of their direct impact on online social presence during the outbreak as well as their impacts mediated by epidemic protection and attitudes toward epidemic outbreaks. The study results revealed that the roles of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth are positively related to online social presence during the outbreak. Epidemic protection and attitude toward epidemic outbreak were found to positively moderate the impact of the role of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth on online social presence during the outbreak. We used five constructs (2019-nCoV-WOM, role of E-Govt, attitude toward epidemic outbreak, epidemic protection, and online social presence in the outbreak) with a conceptual multi-mediation model. Our study results revealed that attitude toward epidemic outbreak has a strong mediation effect between the role of E-Govt and online social presence during outbreaks, indicating that other governments and organizations can follow China''s safety model.
cord-355318-qm79gz8w	2020	Knowledge of other viral respiratory diseases suggests that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 could be modulated by seasonally varying environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. Thus, if climate factors do play a role in COVID-19 infection rates, the concurrence of transition of southern hemisphere countries to their winter season with the mid-stages of the disease transmission trajectory is of concern, especially with respect to containment policy and health system resource allocation. Environmental variables considered in preprint and peer-reviewed publications as modulators of SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates include mean, minimum and/or maximum daily temperature, and diurnal temperature range; an undefined ''humidity'' variable, relative humidity, specific humidity and absolute humidity; dew point temperature; rainfall; wind speed or wind power; air pressure; some metric of solar or UV radiation; and ''air quality'' (Supplementary Tables S1 and S2 ). The general prevalence of climatologically-coupled seasonal signals and environmental variable modulation seen in the majority of other viral respiratory diseases creates the expectation for a similar effect on SARS-CoV-2 and in COVID-19 epidemiology.
cord-355471-vt7qovf7	2020	The Health Opportunity Index (HOI) is a multivariate tool that can be more efficiently used to identify and understand the interplay of complex social determinants of health (SDH) at the census tract level that influences the ability to achieve optimal health. The Health Opportunity Index (HOI) is the primary outcome variable in this study and is comprised of 13 indices: affordability, income inequality, Townsend Deprivation, job participation, employment access, education, population churning, population-weighted density, segregation, food accessibility, walkability, access to care, and environmental quality index. The thematic mapping of HOI composite scores provides a visual breakdown of health opportunity disparities across census tracts in an area. The thematic mapping of HOI composite scores provides a visual breakdown of health opportunity disparities across census tracts in an area. Similar to the map from Figure 3 The thematic mapping of HOI composite scores provides a visual breakdown of health opportunity disparities across census tracts in an area.
cord-355513-vgs96w3b	2020	title: Effects of Health Information Dissemination on User Follows and Likes during COVID-19 Outbreak in China: Data and Content Analysis Results: For nonmedical institution accounts in the model, report and story types of articles had positive effects on users'' following behaviors. In this work, we aimed to determine whether and how health information dissemination affected users'' information behavior in terms of following an account and liking a post. We chose the number of different types of articles and the aggregated number of headlines on NCP posted on the selected accounts in a 7-day period as independent variables (a total of seven) to denote the health information source and reflect the dissemination state. We want to explore whether information conveyed in each type of articles posted on WeChat can play the role, impacting users'' following and liking behavior.
cord-355905-av03suua	2020	Because not all important age-related risk factors were included in the analysis, and because they adjusted for biomarkers which were reflective of disease severity/COVID-19 infection, the study was rated as having a high risk of bias. Due to the lack of age-related risk factors included in the analysis and the adjustment for fever, which is reflective of COVID-19 infection/disease severity, this study was determined to have a high risk of bias. This study received a high risk of bias rating because only patients older than 60 years of age were considered, because of missing risk factors, and because biomarkers were used that might indicate a COVID-19 infection/disease severity. All the studies included in the meta-analysis for mortality were rated as having a high risk of bias because not all age-dependent risk factors were considered and because the variables used in the analysis may have already indicated COVID-19 disease severity.
cord-356156-jjdkwalk	2020	The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the impact of home working on perceived job productivity and satisfaction, work-related stress, and musculoskeletal (MSK) issues. Depending on our data, the home environment seems to be not adequate in the mobile worker population, with an increased risk for mental health and MSK problems, particularly affecting the spine. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of home working on job satisfaction, occupational stress, perceived productivity, and MSK issues. We characterized a population of mobile workers in terms of work-related outcomes, such as perceived productivity and job satisfaction, and onset or changes of previous MSK disorders, particularly LBP and neck pain. Concerning physical health issues related to remote working, increased sedentariness and poor posture due to the use of non-ergonomic equipment in our population seemed to promote the onset of MSK disorders, particularly LBP and neck pain.