# ent

id: cord-330198-pwkxgbxk
type: ORG
entity:
  Pediatrics Chinese Non government Medical Institutions Association Committee on Pediatrics China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine Committee on Children s Health and Medicine Research Global Pediatric


id: cord-338258-bdyalfcd
type: GGP
entity:
  lactate dehydrogenase LDH creatine kinase CK creatine kinase MB CK MB alanine aminotransferase ALT aspartate aminotransferase


id: cord-287222-wojyisu0
type: ORG
entity:
  Thoracic Society European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Society of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline Mechanical Ventilation


id: cord-312361-ermbijfq
type: ORG
entity:
  the Provisional Designation of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia World Health Organization Novel Coronavirus


id: cord-312361-ermbijfq
type: ORG
entity:
  IHR Emergency Committee on Novel Coronavirus National Health Commission of the People s Republic of China


id: cord-331228-wbd0s4fo
type: DNA
entity:
  coronavirus human coronavirus EMC human b coronavirus 2c EMC human b coronavirus 2c England Qatar human b coronavirus 2C Jordan N3 and b coronavirus England 1


id: cord-331228-wbd0s4fo
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  transmembrane protease serine protease 2 TMPRSS2 trypsin chymotrypsin elastase thermolysin endoproteinase Lys C


id: cord-331228-wbd0s4fo
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  amino N terminal receptor binding S1 and carboxyl C terminal membrane fusion S2 subunits The S1 S2 junction


id: cord-331228-wbd0s4fo
type: DISEASE
entity:
  nasal mucosa oropharyngeal swabs blood conjunctiva lymph nodes gastrointestinal tract kidney heart adrenal gland liver spleen


id: cord-006788-kz8i4a6h
type: DNA
entity:
  PPARG carbohydrate response element binding protein Ch REBP sterol regulatory element binding protein


id: cord-006788-kz8i4a6h
type: GGP
entity:
  hyperphosphatemia 2 5 181 182 183 184 Patients with CKD have increased serum levels of phosphate as well as FGF23 which


id: cord-274477-jkjyh4cs
type: ORG
entity:
  The State Council Press Conference of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council Information Office of Hubei Provincial People s Government Press Conference on Prevention and Control of New Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia Protecting


# bib

id: cord-006788-kz8i4a6h
title: The FGF metabolic axis
author: Li, Xiaokun
date: 2019-09-07
txt: ./txt/cord-006788-kz8i4a6h.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-006788-kz8i4a6h.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102389/
doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0711-y
summary:
  In expression tissues, metabolic FGF genes are subject to direct transcriptional control by several major metabolite-responsive nuclear receptors, including farnesoid X receptor (FXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARA) and γ (PPARG), carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (Ch-REBP), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORA), liver X receptor β (LXRB), vitamin D receptor (VDR) [48] [49] [50] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] , and stress-sensing transcription factors, such as ATF4 [66] , depending on the location of specific nutrition/energy-sensing cells in specific tissues. The hepatic and pharmacological FGF21 drive multiple signal axes in multiple tissues/organs, resulting in multifaceted beneficiary metabolic effects, including promoting (green arrow) glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis; offsetting metabolic derangements; and preventing (red long-tailed "T" sign) metaflammation, inflammatory tissue damage, and tissue-specific pathogenesis, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, and associated comorbidities.

abstract:
  Members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family play pleiotropic roles in cellular and metabolic homeostasis. During evolution, the ancestor FGF expands into multiple members by acquiring divergent structural elements that enable functional divergence and specification. Heparan sulfate-binding FGFs, which play critical roles in embryonic development and adult tissue remodeling homeostasis, adapt to an autocrine/paracrine mode of action to promote cell proliferation and population growth. By contrast, FGF19, 21, and 23 coevolve through losing binding affinity for extracellular matrix heparan sulfate while acquiring affinity for transmembrane α-Klotho (KL) or β-KL as a coreceptor, thereby adapting to an endocrine mode of action to drive interorgan crosstalk that regulates a broad spectrum of metabolic homeostasis. FGF19 metabolic axis from the ileum to liver negatively controls diurnal bile acid biosynthesis. FGF21 metabolic axes play multifaceted roles in controlling the homeostasis of lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism. FGF23 axes from the bone to kidney and parathyroid regulate metabolic homeostasis of phosphate, calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone that are important for bone health and systemic mineral balance. The significant divergence in structural elements and multiple functional specifications of FGF19, 21, and 23 in cellular and organismal metabolism instead of cell proliferation and growth sufficiently necessitate a new unified and specific term for these three endocrine FGFs. Thus, the term “FGF Metabolic Axis,” which distinguishes the unique pathways and functions of endocrine FGFs from other autocrine/paracrine mitogenic FGFs, is coined.


id: cord-253452-feb75ei4
title: Systematic review for geo-authentic Lonicerae Japonicae Flos
author: Yang, Xingyue
date: 2017-04-19
txt: ./txt/cord-253452-feb75ei4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-253452-feb75ei4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28425044/
doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0504-0
summary:
  To discuss the current situation and trend of geo-authentic Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, we searched Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database, Chinese Journal Full-text Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Full-text Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Wanfang, and PubMed. We investigated all studies up to November 2015 pertaining to quality assessment, discrimination, pharmacological effects, planting or processing, or ecological system of geo-authentic Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. The table included the basic information of articles and the main information about geo-authentic Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, such as chemical fingerprint, component, discrimination, pharmacological effects, planting, and processing. All of these studies were classified into 6 parts, based on the main idea of articles, mainly discussing the following points: chemical fingerprint, component analysis, planting and processing, ecological system, pharmacological effects and safety, and discrimination between different varieties. Briefly, research shows that geo-authentic Lonicerae Japonicae Flos is mainly characterized by chemical fingerprint, component analysis, planting and processing, discrimination between varieties, ecological system, pharmacological effects, and safety and focuses on the quality assessment technology.

abstract:
  In traditional Chinese medicine, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos is commonly used as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antipyretic herbal medicine, and geo-authentic herbs are believed to present the highest quality among all samples from different regions. To discuss the current situation and trend of geo-authentic Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, we searched Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database, Chinese Journal Full-text Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Full-text Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Wanfang, and PubMed. We investigated all studies up to November 2015 pertaining to quality assessment, discrimination, pharmacological effects, planting or processing, or ecological system of geo-authentic Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Sixty-five studies mainly discussing about chemical fingerprint, component analysis, planting and processing, discrimination between varieties, ecological system, pharmacological effects, and safety were systematically reviewed. By analyzing these studies, we found that the key points of geo-authentic Lonicerae Japonicae Flos research were quality and application. Further studies should focus on improving the quality by selecting the more superior of all varieties and evaluating clinical effectiveness.


id: cord-274477-jkjyh4cs
title: Protecting healthcare personnel from 2019-nCoV infection risks: lessons and suggestions
author: Zhang, Zhiruo
date: 2020-03-23
txt: ./txt/cord-274477-jkjyh4cs.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-274477-jkjyh4cs.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0765-x
doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0765-x
summary:
  The outbreak of a novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19, caused by the 2019-nCoV infection) in December 2019 is one of the most severe public health emergencies since the founding of People''s Republic of China in 1949. Healthcare personnel (HCP) nationwide are facing heavy workloads and high risk of infection, especially those who care for patients at the epicenter of the outbreak, Hubei Province. Based on literature search and interviews with some HCP working at Wuhan, capital city of Hubei, we have summarized some of the effective measures taken to reduce infection among HCP, and also made suggestions for improving occupational safety during an infectious disease outbreak. The local outbreak of novel coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19, caused by the 2019-nCoV infection) in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China, last December has rapidly spread nationwide with a cumulative number of 80 026 laboratory-confirmed cases and 2912 deaths as of March 1, 2020 [1] .

abstract:
  The outbreak of a novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19, caused by the 2019-nCoV infection) in December 2019 is one of the most severe public health emergencies since the founding of People’s Republic of China in 1949. Healthcare personnel (HCP) nationwide are facing heavy workloads and high risk of infection, especially those who care for patients at the epicenter of the outbreak, Hubei Province. Sadly, as of February 20, 2020, over two thousand COVID-19 cases are confirmed among HCP from 476 hospitals nationwide, with nearly 90% of them from Hubei Province. Based on literature search and interviews with some HCP working at Wuhan, capital city of Hubei, we have summarized some of the effective measures taken to reduce infection among HCP, and also made suggestions for improving occupational safety during an infectious disease outbreak. The experience and lessons learned should be a valuable asset for international health community to contain the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic around the world.


id: cord-287222-wojyisu0
title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update
author: Zhou, Min
date: 2020-04-02
txt: ./txt/cord-287222-wojyisu0.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-287222-wojyisu0.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32240462/
doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0767-8
summary:
  Of the first 99 laboratory-confirmed patients, 49 (49%) had been exposed to HSWM, which was reported to be the possible initial source of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) [5] . New Coronavirus Infection Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme (Trial Version) published by Military Support Hubei Medical Team also put forward that for mild to moderate COVID-19 patients, corticosteroids should not be given principally and highdose corticosteroid pulse therapy was not recommended. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical pathology of critical patient with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)

abstract:
  Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a significant threat to global health. It caused a total of 80 868 confirmed cases and 3101 deaths in Chinese mainland until March 8, 2020. This novel virus spread mainly through respiratory droplets and close contact. As disease progressed, a series of complications tend to develop, especially in critically ill patients. Pathological findings showed representative features of acute respiratory distress syndrome and involvement of multiple organs. Apart from supportive care, no specific treatment has been established for COVID-19. The efficacy of some promising antivirals, convalescent plasma transfusion, and tocilizumab needs to be investigated by ongoing clinical trials.


id: cord-307995-8q7efrqk
title: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: current situation and travel-associated concerns
author: Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.
date: 2016-05-04
txt: ./txt/cord-307995-8q7efrqk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-307995-8q7efrqk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-016-0446-y
doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0446-y
summary:
  Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): summary and risk assessment of current situation in the Republic of Korea and China -as of 19 Screening for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in hospital patients and their healthcare worker and family contacts: a prospective descriptive study A family cluster of Middle East Respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections related to a likely unrecognized asymptomatic or mild case Community case clusters of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Hafr Al-Batin, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a descriptive genomic study Transmission and evolution of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive genomic study KSA MERS-CoV Investigation Team.Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a case-control study of hospitalized patients Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study Ribavirin and interferon therapy in patients infected with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: an observational study

abstract:
  The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 brought back memories of the occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002. More than 1500 MERS-CoV cases were recorded in 42 months with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 40%. Meanwhile, 8000 cases of SARS-CoV were confirmed in six months with a CFR of 10%. The clinical presentation of MERS-CoV ranges from mild and non-specific presentation to progressive and severe pneumonia. No predictive signs or symptoms exist to differentiate MERS-CoV from community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients. An apparent heterogeneity was observed in transmission. Most MERS-CoV cases were secondary to large outbreaks in healthcare settings. These cases were secondary to community-acquired cases, which may also cause family outbreaks. Travel-associated MERS infection remains low. However, the virus exhibited a clear tendency to cause large outbreaks outside the Arabian Peninsula as exemplified by the outbreak in the Republic of Korea. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about MERS-CoV and highlight travel-related issues.


id: cord-308673-dkmpayk4
author: Ni, Li
date: 2020-03-13
txt: ./txt/cord-308673-dkmpayk4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-308673-dkmpayk4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32170559/
doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0757-x
summary:
  Here we report the first family case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confirmed in Wuhan and treated using the combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid (SHL). The present report described a family case, including three cases who received western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid (SHL) treatments and achieved rapid recovery. On January 28, the patient was diagnosed of COVID-19 with positive 2019-nCoV test using nasopharyngeal swab specimen (Table 1 ) and chest CT scan showing patchy ground glass opacity in the right lower lung subpleural fields (Fig. 4) . This report described the first typical family case of COVID-19 treated using the Chinese traditional patent medicine SHL because of poor response to other treatments. All their symptoms resolved after using the Chinese traditional patent medicine SHL and rapidly recovered without obvious adverse effects when the patients showed no response and their symptoms continued to aggravate after other treatments, including IVIG (5 g per day) and dexamethasone, antibiotics, and antivirus compounds.

title:
  Combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine in treating a family case of COVID-19 in Wuhan

abstract:
  In December 2019, an outbreak of novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. By February 14, 2020, it has led to 66 492 confirmed patients in China and high mortality up to ∼2.96% (1123/37 914) in Wuhan. Here we report the first family case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confirmed in Wuhan and treated using the combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid (SHL). This report describes the identification, diagnosis, clinical course, and management of three cases from a family, suggests the expected therapeutic effects of SHL on COVID-19, and warrants further clinical trials.


id: cord-310331-29srzbuk
title: 2019 novel Coronavirus outbreak: a quiz or final exam?
author: Xu, Jiuyang
date: 2020-03-20
txt: ./txt/cord-310331-29srzbuk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-310331-29srzbuk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0753-1
doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0753-1
summary:
  Armed with experience from previous epidemics in the last two decades, clinicians, scientists, officials, and citizens in China are all contributing to the prevention of further 2019-nCoV transmission. The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak is currently bringing challenges to China and the whole world. Since direct human transmission and asymptomatic infection have been revealed for 2019-nCoV [3] , health authorities in China are facing an enormous challenge on disease management and control. Realizing the severity of SARS-CoV as a respiratory virus, the detection of pneumonia of unknown origin in 2019-nCoV outbreak enabled relatively early alarm from health authorities and raised awareness for medical staff to equip personal protection methods when dealing with suspected cases. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study

abstract:
  The 2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is an emerging pathogen and is threatening the global health. Strikingly, more than 28 000 cases and 550 deaths have been reported within two months from disease emergence. Armed with experience from previous epidemics in the last two decades, clinicians, scientists, officials, and citizens in China are all contributing to the prevention of further 2019-nCoV transmission. Efficient preliminary work has enabled us to understand the basic characteristics of 2019-nCoV, but there are still many unanswered questions. It is too early now to judge our performance in this outbreak. Continuous and strengthened efforts should be made not only during the epidemic, but also afterwards in order to prepare for any incoming challenges.


id: cord-312361-ermbijfq
author: Gong, Fanghua
date: 2020-03-12
txt: ./txt/cord-312361-ermbijfq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-312361-ermbijfq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32166600/
doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0755-z
summary:
  The COVID-19 caused by a novel strain of Coronavirus has been spreading rapidly since its onset in Wuhan, the capital city of central China''s Hubei Province, in December 2019. A novel strain of coronavirus has caused a pneumonia outbreak in the central Chinese city of Wuhan since December 2019 and has been quickly spreading to other parts of China. The two makeshift hospitals are playing major roles in improving the cure rate and decreasing the death rate of infected patients and help China and the world win the combat of prevention against and control of this growing epidemic situation. Similar mass mobilization and harsh measures are under way in severely affected areas in China to ensure the health and safety of people, both Chinese and internationals, and the effective prevention and control of this epidemic for the shared well-being of mankind.

title:
  China’s local governments are combating COVID-19 with unprecedented responses — from a Wenzhou governance perspective

abstract:
  The COVID-19 caused by a novel strain of Coronavirus has been spreading rapidly since its onset in Wuhan, the capital city of central China’s Hubei Province, in December 2019. It is highly communicable through human-to-human transmission. China has been making unprecedented efforts in treating the confirmed cases, identifying and isolating their close contacts and suspected cases to control the source of infection and cut the route of transmission. China’s devotion in handling this epidemic has effectively and efficiently curbed communication domestically and across the border. Representative measures adopted by Wenzhou, the worst hit city out of Hubei Province, are examined to elucidate those massive undertakings with the aim of enhancing international understanding and building global rapport in fighting this evolving epidemic situation.


id: cord-330198-pwkxgbxk
title: Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19
author: Cai, Xiaofang
date: 2020-10-27
txt: ./txt/cord-330198-pwkxgbxk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-330198-pwkxgbxk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0820-7
doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0820-7
summary:
  All febrile or suspected COVID-19 cases were referred to the fever clinic, and the others-including critically ill children-were received by the emergency department after pediatric 5-level triage. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of these children admitted from the emergency department to characterize thoroughly the features of COVID-19 that can be evaluated to distinguish this novel disease from pneumonia caused by other pathogens in pediatric patients. Owing to the parents'' fear that their children were infected with SARS-CoV-2, the median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was shorter for confirmed COVID-19 cases (2.0 days) than that for suspected COVID-19 cases (3.0 days) and non-COVID-19 cases (4.0 days) (P < 0.05). Moreover, serologic testing can serve as an important adjunctive method for COVID-19 diagnosis, especially when the patient is highly suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection but is found to be negative by nucleic acid testing.

abstract:
  Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread around the world. However, approaches to distinguish COVID-19 from pneumonia caused by other pathogens have not yet been reported. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 97 children with probable COVID-19. A total of 13 (13.4%) patients were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by nucleic acid RT-PCR testing, and 41 (42.3%) patients were found to be infected with other pathogens. Notably, no pathogen was detected in 43 (44.3%) patients. Among all patients, 25 (25.8%) had familial cluster exposure history, and 52 (53.6%) had one or more coexisting conditions. Fifteen (15.5%) patients were admitted or transferred to the PICU. In the 11 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 5 (45.5%) and 7 (63.6%) were positive for IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2, respectively. In 22 patients with suspected COVID-19, 1 (4.5%) was positive for IgG but negative for IgM. The most frequently detected pathogen was Mycoplasma pneumonia (29, 29.9%). One patient with confirmed COVID-19 died. Our results strongly indicated that the detection of asymptomatic COVID-19 or coexisting conditions must be strengthened in pediatric patients. These cases may be difficult to diagnose as COVID-19 unless etiologic analysis is conducted. A serologic test can be a useful adjunctive diagnostic tool in cases where SARS-CoV-2 infection is highly suspected but the nucleic acid test is negative. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11684-020-0820-7 and is accessible for authorized users.


id: cord-331228-wbd0s4fo
title: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a comprehensive review
author: Shehata, Mahmoud M.
date: 2016-01-20
txt: ./txt/cord-331228-wbd0s4fo.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-331228-wbd0s4fo.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26791756/
doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0430-6
summary:
  authors: Shehata, Mahmoud M.; Gomaa, Mokhtar R.; Ali, Mohamed A.; Kayali, Ghazi Role of the spike glycoprotein of human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in virus entry and syncytia formation Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)-Saudi Arabia Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study First cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in France, investigations and implications for the prevention of human-to-human transmission Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia

abstract:
  The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus was first identified in 2012 and has since then remained uncontrolled. Cases have been mostly reported in the Middle East, however travel-associated cases and outbreaks have also occurred. Nosocomial and zoonotic transmission of the virus appear to be the most important routes. The infection is severe and highly fatal thus necessitating rapid and efficacious interventions. Here, we performed a comprehensive review of published literature and summarized the epidemiology of the virus. In addition, we summarized the virological aspects of the infection and reviewed the animal models used as well as vaccination and antiviral tested against it.


id: cord-338258-bdyalfcd
author: Chen, Enfu
date: 2013-06-10
txt: ./txt/cord-338258-bdyalfcd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-338258-bdyalfcd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-013-0275-1
doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0275-1
summary:
  title: The first avian influenza A (H7N9) viral infection in humans in Zhejiang Province, China: a death report This study reports the first death caused by a novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Zhejiang Province, China. This report is important for assessing and controlling similar cases, and would provide meaningful insights into the early and rapid diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of human influenza A (H7N9) viral infections. According to the updated data from 131 cases and 32 deaths, the novel influenza A (H7N9) virus circulating in the urban and rural areas of Beijing and Shanghai, as well as Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, etc., differs from the avian H5N1 reported in rural areas [15] . About 65% of the confirmed cases had histories of avian exposure, which indicates that contact with live poultry and excreta is a high-risk factor, similar to the H5N1 virus infection in China [17, 18] .

title:
  The first avian influenza A (H7N9) viral infection in humans in Zhejiang Province, China: a death report

abstract:
  This study reports the first death caused by a novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Zhejiang Province, China. The patient had chronic hepatitis B and history of exposure to poultry. The patient initially complained of diarrhea and influenza-like symptoms on March 7 and 14 respectively. The disease progressed to severe pneumonia, sustained hypoxia, and coagulation abnormalities. The patient died on March 27 because of respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation without oseltamivir treatment. This H7N9 virus from Zhejiang is highly similar to isolates obtained from Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui, etc. Analysis of hemagglutinin, neuramidinase, and matrix genes indicated that the isolates share the same avian origin, have low virulence, and are sensitive to oseltamivir, but are resistant to adamantine. Only the isolate that caused the fatality exhibited substitution of Q226I in the HA gene, which indicates a potentially enhanced human affinity. The secondary transmission rate was 1.6% (2/125). Only two health workers presented with influenza-like symptoms, and they subsequently tested negative for H7N9 RNA. In conclusion, underlying disease, late diagnosis, and untimely antiviral treatment are possible high-risk factors for infections and death caused by the lowpathogenicity avian influenza A (H7N9). Person-to-person transmission of the H7N9 virus was not detected among close contacts, but such transmission should be investigated in the future. Expanding and enhancing surveillance will help in the early discovery and diagnosis of suspected cases, which will reduce the number of severe cases and deaths.


id: cord-344480-6tcush4w
title: Back to the spring of Wuhan: facts and hope of COVID-19 outbreak
author: Zhou, Guangbiao
date: 2020-03-14
txt: ./txt/cord-344480-6tcush4w.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-344480-6tcush4w.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0758-9
doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0758-9
abstract: nan
summary:
  The updated genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 has been shared to the public, clinical trials are undergoing, and scientists from China and overseas are working together to combat this public health emergency. Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding Therapeutic strategies in an outbreak scenario to treat the novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China.


id: cord-347414-t88654wo
author: Peng, Mian
date: 2020-08-06
txt: ./txt/cord-347414-t88654wo.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-347414-t88654wo.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32761492/
doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0796-3
summary:
  title: Successful management of seven cases of critical COVID-19 with early noninvasive-invasive sequential ventilation algorithm and bundle pharmacotherapy We report the clinical and laboratory findings and successful management of seven patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). Upon diagnosis with COVID-19 of critical severity, the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, where they received early noninvasive–invasive sequential ventilation, early prone positioning, and bundle pharmacotherapy regimen, which consists of antiviral, anti-inflammation, immune-enhancing, and complication-prophylaxis medicines. Here, we report the successful management of seven critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who suffered acute respiratory failure. Good treatment outcomes can be achieved for critically ill patients with COVID-19 with early sequential noninvasive-invasive ventilation and bundle pharmacotherapy, which comprises antiviral and anti-inflammation medicines, immune system support, and prophylaxis for vascular complications.

title:
  Successful management of seven cases of critical COVID-19 with early noninvasive-invasive sequential ventilation algorithm and bundle pharmacotherapy

abstract:
  We report the clinical and laboratory findings and successful management of seven patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). The patients were diagnosed based on epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, and nucleic acid testing. Upon diagnosis with COVID-19 of critical severity, the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, where they received early noninvasive–invasive sequential ventilation, early prone positioning, and bundle pharmacotherapy regimen, which consists of antiviral, anti-inflammation, immune-enhancing, and complication-prophylaxis medicines. The patients presented fever (n = 7, 100%), dry cough (n = 3, 42.9%), weakness (n = 2, 28.6%), chest tightness (n = 1, 14.3%), and/or muscle pain (n = 1, 14.3%). All patients had normal or lower than normal white blood cell count/lymphocyte count, and chest computed tomography scans showed bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs. Nucleic acid testing confirmed COVID-19 in all seven patients. The median MV duration and intensive care unit stay were 9.9 days (interquartile range, 6.5–14.6 days; range, 5–17 days) and 12.9 days (interquartile range, 9.7–17.6 days; range, 7–19 days), respectively. All seven patients were extubated, weaned off MV, transferred to the common ward, and discharged as of the writing of this report. Thus, we concluded that good outcomes for patients with critical COVID-19 can be achieved with early noninvasive–invasive sequential ventilation and bundle pharmacotherapy.


