cord-008258-5v55vv4s	2015	The nervous breakdown on avian influenza that has affected the WHO, the different governments and the largest journals in the world may perhaps end with two articles published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases in May 2015 [1, 2] . This prospective survey in Egypt over 3 years on 1000 people showed that when H5N1 was endemic, 2% of the exposed population had antibodies compared with 0% of controls, and when the epidemic H9N2 appeared in poultry, seroprevalence increased from 0 to 5.6% and 7.5%, all asymptomatic infections. In total the zoonotic variant of H5N1 avian flu and H9N2 is very common in people in contact with poultry; it is banal and most of the time, asymptomatic. Avian influenza A(H5N1) and A(H9N2) seroprevalence and risk factors for infection among Egyptians: a prospective, controlled seroepidemiological study
cord-009295-4c0zwhdh	2020	
cord-009664-kb9fnbgy	2014	Because of the conflicting reports and lack of published data from paediatric patients, we sought to assess possible MIC change over time and to compare results generated by using different methodologies including Etest, agar dilution, and broth microdilution (MicroScan) methods. Recently, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that NO plays a key role in the eradication of the leishmania parasite Objective: To determine whether a NO donor patch (developed by electrospinning technique) is as effective as meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of CL while causing less adverse events Methods: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with 178 patients diagnosed with CL in Santander, Colombia, South-America. To follow the development and spread of the resistance among these strains is difficult, as antibiotic susceptibility testing of clinically relevant anaerobes in different routine laboratories in Europe is less and less frequently carried out due to the fact, that clinicians treat many presumed anaerobic infections empirically.
cord-009675-utz0iazs	2007	
cord-010162-hfo35gsq	2014	
cord-019490-m1cuuehi	2015	Tigecycline Evaluation Surveillance Trial (TEST) -Global in vitro antibacterial activity against selected species of glucose non-fermenting organisms Objective: Despite the introduction of new antimicrobials to treat resistant gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus continues to be a therapeutic challenge for the clinician. Two prospective studies from our centre identified common causes of CAP in India to be Mycoplasma pneumoniae [MP] and Legionella pneumophila [LP] by serology in 11% each, and SPN in 10% by culture of respiratory secretions/blood/ Conclusion: Although SPN is the most common isolate, the rising numbers of gram negative organisms (38%) and atypical pathogens associated with increasing mortality stress the need for review of initial antibiotic choice for adults with higher PORT classes. Conclusion: The spectrum of isolates among our patients were shifting towards gram positive bacteria with high resistance to different groups of antimicrobial agents limiting few choices for alternative therapies for infection control.
cord-022501-9wnmdvg5	2015	Methods: Using published data on (1) the prevalence of MRSA and other bacterial pathogens causing cSSSI in the US, (2) the in-vitro susceptibility rates of commonly used regimens in cSSSI in the US in relation to the most pervasive pathogens identified above, and (3) estimated costs of failure of initial, empiric treatment from a recent study of a large US multi-hospital database, we developed a model to predict the expected clinical and economic impact of increasing prevalence of MRSA. Small outbreaks of VEB-1 ESBL producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Belgian nursing homes and hospitals through cross-border transfer of patients from northern France Methods: From 01/04 to 03/05, all Belgian acute hospitals were invited to report cases of nosocomial infections/colonisations due to MDR Ab isolates presenting a resistance profile similar to the French epidemic strain (resistance to all agents except carbapenems and colistin) and to send such isolates to the reference laboratory for phenotypic confirmation and for genotypic characterization (PCR of VEB-1 and class 1 Integron, PFGE typing).
cord-023592-w96h4rir	2015	Conclusions: Although the risk of developing more serious gastric lesions increased as the number of virulence factor genes are accumulated in a given Hp strain, we did not find any significant differences or relationship in the cagA, vacA or babA2 status between the Hp isolates from patients with gastritis or peptic ulcer in this study. pneumophila at the serogroup level, it was used in two different outbreaks to demonstrate rapidly the identity of the sequences between strains responsible for severe human infection and those isolated in the hot water reservoir, suggesting a common origin. To determine the antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella and Shigella strains isolated from stool specimens during a 2-year period, from patients admitted to our clinics with a diagnosis of diarrhoea. In our study the susceptibility of 65 bacterial strains isolated in hospital environment (colonising or infecting patients or carried by German cockroaches) to antibiotics and chemical disinfectants was determined.
cord-030061-55ntc4wj	2020	
cord-031493-w8agvg9g	2020	key: cord-031493-w8agvg9g authors: Davido, Benjamin; Seang, Sophie; Barizien, Nicolas; Tubiana, Roland; de Truchis, Pierre title: Possible therapies of Post-COVID-19 chronic symptoms() date: 2020-09-06 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.001 sha: doc_id: 31493 cord_uid: w8agvg9g nan responsible for dysautonomia in patients with persistent symptoms following acute SARS-23 COV2 infection. Physicians must keep in mind that COVID-19 is not only a disease 24 responsible for lung injury and its sequel but may affect other organs as olfactory and 25 gustatory dysfunction and as such, should inform the general audience, especially young 26 individuals that are the most concerned [2] . Actually, we did not state that these symptoms of autonomic impairment do not require 28 specific treatment, but we believe it must be a case by case management depending on the breathing/hyperventilation syndrome in adults Efficacy of 68 Therapies for Postural Tachycardia Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-69 analysis
cord-032016-2rzszcke	2020	
cord-252569-9rv1p3qh	2019	
cord-253250-zet48zcl	2020	
cord-254278-awdqguoo	2020	
cord-255971-kamai25b	2020	
cord-256402-b5fel2d3	2020	
cord-256429-ntx0eay0	2020	
cord-256853-2s31fn04	2020	
cord-257248-aii0tj9x	2016	
cord-257696-ybu772zw	2020	
cord-264261-98h1bmb2	2020	
cord-265363-xw56intn	2014	
cord-269345-5tlyy8jp	2020	
cord-270947-6e5cw2q9	2017	
cord-275068-yr076sl6	2020	A recent 8 genome wide association analysis (GWAS) has implicated that blood group A patients had a higher risk 9 of severe COVID-19 compared to other blood types,[3] while other studies have found associations 10 between vitamin D levels/latitude, and Bacille de Calmette et Guérin (BCG) vaccine and mortality to 11 COVID-19. [4] Based on the results of these studies, shall we tell our blood group A patients to stay home 12 or tell everyone to take vitamin D or get vaccinated with BCG? [5] Low vitamin D levels have often been associated with a 16 higher risk of infections, but vitamin D supplementation has not been shown to prevent respiratory 17 1 impact journals during the pandemic, but it is important to remember that correlation does not equal 2 causation.
cord-275556-798oed8n	2020	OBJECTIVES: In Italy the burden of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) gradually decreased from March to the end of May. In this work, we aimed at evaluating a possible association between the severity of clinical manifestations and viral load over time, during the epidemiological transition from high to low transmission setting. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a reduction over time of the proportion of patients with Covid-19 requiring intensive care, along with decreasing median values of viral load. The proportion of patients requiring intensive care significantly reduced from 6.7% ( We observed a reduction over time of the proportion of patients with Covid-19 requiring intensive 46 care, along with decreasing median values of viral load. As the epidemiological context changes 47 from high to low transmission setting, people are presumably exposed to a lower viral load, which 48 has been previously associated to less severe clinical manifestations.
cord-276212-ys5njiw0	2015	
cord-276399-omjfyog0	2019	
cord-278807-p1crrb8n	2016	
cord-279111-jaa45kyc	2018	
cord-279125-w6sh7xpn	2020	
cord-283411-40ojqv1y	2020	title: Detection and infectivity potential of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) environmental contamination in isolation units and quarantine facilities This study assessed the infectivity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contamination on surfaces and objects in hospital isolation units and a quarantine hotel. Surfaces and air sampling was conducted at two COVID-19 isolation units and in a quarantine hotel. Viral RNA detected in 29/55 (52.7%) and 16/42 (38%) surface samples from the surrounding of symptomatic COVID-19 patients in isolation units of two hospitals and in a quarantine hotel for asymptomatic and very mild COVID-19 patients. Surface Environmental, and 263 Personal Protective Equipment Contamination by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 264 (SARS-CoV-2) From a Symptomatic Patient Detection of Severe Acute 268 Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA on Surfaces in Quarantine Rooms. Severe acute respiratory 294 syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA contamination of inanimate surfaces and virus viability in a health care 295 emergency unit.
cord-283818-4m9p717r	2020	
cord-286525-0354438s	2020	
cord-286544-ipmcqz8n	2020	
cord-287256-hgqz1bcs	2020	
cord-288425-po35m6d9	2020	We 25 evaluated the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device for COVID-19 diagnosis in 26 symptomatic patients (n=412) attended in primary healthcare centers. Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 RAD 135 assays has been reported to vary between 45%-97% [3-7], yet direct comparison 136 between studies is hampered by marked dissimilarities in patient clinical characteristics 137 and age, testing sites, type of specimen processed, and time to testing, among others. In line with 146 previous reports [2-4], SARS-CoV-2 RNA load was significantly higher in RT-PCR+/ 147 RAD+ specimens than in RT-PCR+/ RAD-samples. In our setting, specimens with RT-148 PCR C T >25 (equivalent to SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads < 5.9 log 10 copies/ml) returned 149 discordant RAD/RT-PCR results. An important observation of our study was that SARS-CoV-2 could not be cultured 151 from RT-PCR+ (C T >25)/RAD-specimens. Antigen-based testing but not real-time PCR correlates with SARS-CoV-2 virus 198 culture Evaluation of 216 rapid antigen test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus
cord-291272-srt08jh8	2020	
cord-291729-4l4v9jxd	2020	
cord-292296-nocmabcg	2020	
cord-293542-o0zspgrk	2014	
cord-294392-a8s66g96	2020	
cord-294546-0otd1heg	2019	
cord-295479-mcfqs7vf	2020	key: cord-295479-mcfqs7vf authors: Davido, Benjamin; Seang, Sophie; Tubiana, Roland; de Truchis, Pierre title: Post-COVID-19 chronic symptoms: a post-infectious entity?() date: 2020-07-23 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.028 sha: doc_id: 295479 cord_uid: mcfqs7vf nan COVID-19 : point épidémiologique du 21 mai Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris'' response to the COVID-19 88 pandemic Anosmia and Ageusia: Common Findings 90 in COVID-19 Patients Patients Recovered from COVID-19 Active Epstein-Barr virus infection in 95 post-viral fatigue syndrome serological IgG antibody response on the Abbott Architect for established SARS-CoV-99 2 infection Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients 102 with COVID-19: The ALBACOVID registry Cerebrovascular disease in patients with COVID-19: 106 neuroimaging, histological and clinical description Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the covid-19 Chikungunya-Induced Arthritis in Reunion Island: A 113 Long-Term Observational Follow-Up Study Showing Frequently Persistent Joint 114 Some Cases of Persistent Chikungunya Immunoglobulin M Positivity, and 115 No Anticyclic Citrullinated Peptide Seroconversi
cord-297470-lx3xwg92	2020	
cord-297625-eby014gm	2014	Our study confirms that rhinovirus infectiousness is related to the viral concentration in droplets and suggests that children represent the main transmission source, which occurs only rarely via adults. We conducted a series of experiments to assess the duration of human rhinovirus infectiousness duration on fingers, as well as the impact of viral concentration on survival rates. One hour after the deposit of disrupted droplets on the fingers of the six volunteers, infectious viruses could be detected by culture in all subjects contaminated with HC droplets (6/6), in four of the six volunteers with AC droplets, and none of the six volunteers with LC droplets, which confirmed the influence of concentration on survival (Fig. 1) . Our study showed that virus survival, and therefore infectiousness, was related to the viral concentration in droplets. Potential role of hands in the spread of respiratory viral infections: studies with human parainfluenza virus 3 and rhinovirus 14
cord-298441-77w86l8q	2020	To answer this question, we reviewed all the 59 nasopharyngeal swab performed in HCWs exposed to confirmed cases of COVID-19 at the 60 Foundation IRCCS Ca'' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico located in Milan, the capital 61 of Lombardy, by large the Italian region mostly affected by We assessed 62 frequency of positive tests among symptomatic and asymptomatic HCWs and evaluated the 63 association between occupation, symptoms (type and number), and presence of the infection. Therefore, in middle-and high-resource settings a mass screening for all 163 HCWs exposed to confirmed COVID-19 cases appears the best approach to limit the spread When stratified according to occupation, test-positive frequencies were clearly higher among 177 subsets with direct contact with patients (physicians including residents, nurses and 178 midwives, healthcare assistants and health technicians) than those without (clerical works and 179 technicians).
cord-300023-2dg7njki	2015	We aimed to evaluate the presence of virus RNA from epidemic viruses including metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza viruses, rotavirus (RV) and norovirus on the MPs used by healthcare workers (HCWs) and to relate it to hygiene measures. The aims of this study were (a) to evaluate the contamination of MPs by epidemic viruses including RV, NV, influenza A and B viruses, syncytial respiratory virus (RSV) and metapneumovirus (hMPV) in clinical settings, (b) to evaluate the behaviour of HCWs using their MPs in our center by using a blindly recorded questionnaire and (c) to correlate viral contamination of MPs with the behaviour of HCWs. The study took place at the University Hospital of Saint-Étienne, France, from January to March 2013, i.e. the period of circulation of epidemic viruses (influenza viruses, RSV, gastroenteritis-associated viruses) in our setting [22] (personal data).
cord-304710-gjb6zo81	2020	There is a great risk of medical and clinical staff (and workers) becoming infected with 2019n-CoV because of their direct interaction with infected and suspected individuals. Working for long hours, disturbed daily routines including eating and sleeping schedules and fear of being infected are key factors that increase the risks of stress and anxiety for doctors and nurses, and may lead to their working less efficiently in terms of providing better treatment and care to patients. However, the increasing number of patients every day and the expected peak in the coming days [6] may cause a further shortage of medical staff and health and logistic issues for the frontline healthcare provider. China coronavirus: Wuhan medical staff being infected at much faster pace than reported as national death toll hits 26 Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
cord-306083-juysx6yo	2020	OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the co-seasonality and co-detection of respiratory viral infections and bacteraemia in children since the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Analysis of linked viral-bacterial infections in individual children indicated that the rate ratio (RR) of bacteraemia associated with hMPV (RR=2.73, 95% CI 1.12-6.85, P=0.019) and influenza (RR=2.61, 95% CI 1.21-6.11, P=0.013) were more than double that of RSV. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant association between hMPV and influenza viruses, and bacteraemia of all causes in hospitalised children at a single paediatric centre in the United States. A study conducted in children before the 9 implementation of PCV13, demonstrated significant associations between invasive 10 pneumococcal disease (IPD) and influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), as well 11 as human metapneumovirus (hMPV), which was a novel observation [5] .
cord-307213-i8yijbiu	2020	
cord-307273-pplky6g4	2020	To the editor, Compared to the general population, homeless people have higher mortality, both related to communicable and non-communicable diseases, partly explained by higher exposure to risk factors including alcoholism, illicit drug abuse and smoking(1,2). Between 3 rd March and 26 th May 2020, 14 homeless people were identified among 238 patients hospitalized for a COVID-19 pneumonia resulting in a homelessness prevalence of 5.88%. Incidences of COVID-19 among homeless and non-homeless patients were calculated using homeless census report and our hospital catchment population. For the reporting period, incidences were 650 and 194/100.000 hospitalized homeless and non-homeless patients for COVID-19, respectively. We found a high but similar proportion of comorbidities (arterial hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases) in both populations hospitalized with COVID-19. The high prevalence of comorbidities and the increased exposure to risk factors in the homeless population could increase their risk of more severe disease and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
cord-314288-6vh7dvad	2020	
cord-314808-ssiggi2z	2014	On the other hand, numerous new major threats have emerged during the last three decades; the pandemic of AIDS, the SARS outbreak, the ominous scenarios of an avian influenza pandemic, and the threat of biological weapons are just some examples explaining the concern among health authorities, the media, and the public. The psychological response of both patients and the public to the threat of infection has been evaluated with respect to numerous circumstances in recent years, not only acute outbreaks such as SARS, but also gradually evolving pandemics such as AIDS, threats with marginal risk for humans such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE; mad cow disease), and even threats that are only theoretical such as avian influenza. Mass media is another major factor that shapes the physical and psychological response of the public to an infectious disease threat, as depicted in numerous attack scenarios in the literature [32] [33] [34] .
cord-317918-pl625ela	2020	
cord-318021-4qrf5m8s	2019	title: Development and validation of a semi-automated surveillance system—lowering the fruit for non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia (nvHAP) prevention() OBJECTIVES: Conducting manual surveillance of non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia (nvHAP) using ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) surveillance criteria is very resource intensive. Sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy of semi-automated surveillance versus full manual surveillance were lowest in the validation sample consisting of patients with HAP according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) discharge diagnostic codes, with 97.5% (CI: 93.7–99.3%), 99.2% (CI: 97.9–99.8%), and 99.4% (CI: 98.4–99.8%), respectively. Three authors reported nvHAP incidence rates between 0.12 and 2.28 per 1000 patient days by applying the 2013 CDC surveillance definition to patients with International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM) codes for pneumonia not present on admission [8e10] .
cord-322585-5gio6ruj	2020	
cord-324148-bllyruh8	2020	
cord-325186-nq6ay4eo	2020	SCOPE: The Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy constituted a multidisciplinary expert committee to provide evidence-based recommendation for the use of antibacterial therapy in hospitalized adults with a respiratory infection and suspected or proven 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). QUESTIONS ADDRESSED BY THE GUIDELINE AND RECOMMENDATIONS: We assessed evidence on the risk of bacterial infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the associated bacterial pathogens, how to diagnose bacterial infections and how to treat bacterial infections. For patients with secondary bacterial respiratory infection we recommend to follow other guideline recommendations on antibacterial treatment for patients with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia. An antibiotic treatment duration of five days in patients with COVID-19 and suspected bacterial respiratory infection is recommended upon improvement of signs, symptoms and inflammatory markers. As COVID-19 patients frequently 72 need prolonged hospitalization and respiratory support, unnecessary antibiotics upon 73 hospitalization may increase the individual risk of subsequent hospital-acquired pneumonia 74 (HAP) and other adverse events [12, 13] .
cord-325529-pid58g2r	2020	
cord-326341-egtnqlov	2020	title: Performance of a novel diagnostic assay for rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection in nasopharynx samples Conversely, rapid antigen detection assays-intrinsically less laborious and requiring few minutes 29 to results-have the potential to satisfy the pressing demand for an early SARS-CoV-2 infection 30 Suwon, South Korea) assay, a fluorescent immunoassay detecting SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein 33 antigen, on nasopharynx swab samples. The LOD was 5 × 10 2 41 TCID 50 /mL (2 × 10 6 RNA copies/mL) at 95% detection probability ( Supplementary Fig. S1 Our study shows that the STANDARD F COVID-19 Ag FIA assay had a good specificity for 65 SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharynx swab samples but had a good sensitivity only for samples 66 Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic assay for detection of SARS-CoV-102 2 antigen in nasopharyngeal swabs Evaluation of rapid 104 antigen test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus
cord-326703-akn92p1r	2020	
cord-327253-gge6wzly	2020	1 Beginning in late January 2020, when the COVID-19 epidemic was still largely limited to China, verbal and physical attacks against Chinese or people of Asian descent have been documented in many countries. 10 In contrary, uninfected COVID-19 people may be facing discrimination when applying for jobs in some countries that may implement COVID-19 passport strategies, despite recommendations of the World Health Organization against such a practice. This reactive behaviour facilitates spreading of infectious pathogens especially among those with mild symptoms who avoid seeking medical attention and act J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f as usual not to raise suspicion on their condition. The world cannot bear a parallel pandemic of stigma, which only serves to boost the spread of infectious diseases and worsen people''s health conditions and social behaviours. Noteworthy, individuals with COVID-19 may develop poor health-seeking behaviours (e.g. avoiding testing) because, by anticipating and fearing stigma, they may perceive the risk of losing their job and being marginalised in the society.
cord-328499-d6cvaxm9	2020	
cord-329350-qrxl5o1e	2020	
cord-331002-7uojryqz	2020	
cord-333334-90q1xkld	2019	
cord-334835-j6u8t8j2	2020	title: Characteristics and predictors of death among 4,035 consecutively hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Spain OBJECTIVES: We aimed to analyse the characteristics and predictors of death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Spain. Seventeen factors were independently associated with an increased hazard of death, the strongest among them included advanced age, liver cirrhosis, low age-adjusted oxygen saturation, higher concentrations of C-reactive protein, and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. In the 209 final adjusted analysis, we found 17 factors independently associated with an increased hazard of 210 death: male sex, older age, arterial hypertension, obesity, liver cirrhosis, chronic neurological 211 disorder, active cancer, dementia, dyspnoea, confusion, low age-adjusted SaO2 on room air, higher 212 white cell blood count (WBC), higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lower platelet count, 213 prolonged INR, lower eGFR, and higher concentrations of CRP (Figure 2) .
cord-343090-dsjq98ks	2020	
cord-344027-qghktrm1	2020	title: ''Effect of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin on the mortality of COVID-19 patients'' – Author''s reply As with all studies at risk of critical bias included in our systematic review, it was excluded 50 from the main analysis. Treatment 154 with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and combination in patients hospitalized with Clinical 158 Efficacy of Chloroquine derivatives in COVID-19 Infection: Comparative meta-analysis 159 between the Big data and the real world Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: Preliminary results from a 166 multi-centre, randomized, controlled trial COVID-19 177 prevention and treatment: A critical analysis of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine 178 clinical pharmacology Interventions 188 for treatment of COVID-19: A living systematic review with meta-analyses and trial 189 sequential analyses (The LIVING Project) Mortality outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19: an 193 international collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials Hydroxychloroquine as pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 in healthcare workers: 203 a randomized trial
cord-344581-h7ikjgic	2020	OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnostic performance of rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic assays (LFAs) compared to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nucleic acid amplification tests (NATs) in suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. In the total cohort, Orient Gene Biotech COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test LFA had a sensitivity of 43/99 (43%; 95% CI 34-53) and specificity of 126/129 (98%; 95% CI 95-100). CONCLUSIONS: There is large variability in diagnostic test performance between rapid LFAs, but overall limited sensitivity and high specificity in acutely admitted patients. First, in a pilot phase 20 NAT-positive and 5 NAT-negative patients were retrospectively selected for which six LFAs were performed on heparin plasma samples obtained upon hospital presentation ( Figure S1 ), which corresponded to the dates of molecular testing. This study shows that the sensitivity of LFA was low in patients suspected for COVID-19 presenting to the hospital, but it improved in patients with at least seven days of symptoms and in those with CRP levels >100 mg/L upon presentation.
cord-351028-p5cq2is5	2020