Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 40 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3716 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 49 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 health 8 COVID-19 5 Health 5 Ebola 4 global 3 covid-19 3 China 3 Africa 2 worker 2 transmission 2 system 2 disease 2 care 2 SARS 2 EVD 1 social 1 security 1 right 1 respiratory 1 reform 1 pure 1 priority 1 poor 1 phone 1 model 1 mobile 1 medicine 1 material 1 mask 1 manager 1 investment 1 income 1 hic 1 governance 1 financial 1 face 1 european 1 epidemic 1 disability 1 datum 1 community 1 chws 1 case 1 availability 1 attack 1 antimicrobial 1 age 1 UHC 1 Syria 1 South Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 1856 health 540 system 512 country 429 % 406 community 404 disease 342 care 340 study 333 case 329 service 305 healthcare 298 response 287 policy 276 outbreak 274 research 272 risk 269 pandemic 265 datum 241 worker 231 transmission 228 level 227 infection 227 income 206 time 196 use 196 population 194 control 192 security 190 analysis 185 epidemic 185 access 179 medicine 175 programme 174 people 168 effect 164 impact 155 virus 151 group 150 work 149 evidence 145 hospital 145 facility 145 experience 142 review 142 coronavirus 139 development 134 measure 133 model 131 reform 131 patient Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 432 Health 368 COVID-19 214 Ebola 176 China 168 Africa 165 Global 148 MERS 134 SARS 134 BMJ 116 Cuba 100 World 97 Ghana 94 EVD 92 CoV 88 CoV-2 87 WHO 70 UHC 69 East 69 ACoDD 67 NCD 65 FCP 63 org/ 61 Organization 59 Middle 57 CVD 57 CI 56 Sierra 53 Faso 53 Burkina 51 Leone 48 International 47 South 47 HIV 44 SimEx 43 West 43 National 41 http:// 41 Development 40 Glob 38 PTSD 37 United 37 IFR 36 Republic 36 India 34 Research 33 US 33 LMIC 32 sha 32 et 32 Disease Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 506 we 388 it 221 they 70 them 51 i 39 us 13 themselves 13 itself 12 you 6 she 6 me 5 he 4 one 2 thee 2 oneself 1 ourselves 1 its 1 infection 1 's Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 4212 be 1072 have 296 include 266 use 235 provide 214 do 200 base 151 make 139 reduce 139 identify 134 support 133 increase 132 require 131 give 129 report 118 need 118 develop 105 show 98 lead 96 remain 95 improve 95 implement 94 take 86 live 86 ensure 85 work 84 follow 83 affect 82 conduct 81 address 80 suggest 79 test 76 exist 74 associate 73 build 72 see 72 relate 67 know 67 contribute 67 achieve 66 emerge 66 compare 62 distribute 62 consider 61 define 60 strengthen 60 involve 60 find 60 declare 59 create Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 589 not 450 global 281 also 280 more 275 other 266 such 253 - 248 high 229 public 223 social 220 low 186 well 164 national 162 however 160 human 159 many 158 respiratory 154 new 147 only 136 first 134 non 134 different 134 available 128 medical 128 covid-19 118 international 116 most 115 primary 110 maternal 104 essential 103 key 99 effective 98 as 97 clinical 96 important 91 specific 90 large 89 long 85 infectious 83 middle 83 current 80 universal 79 further 78 local 78 early 77 poor 76 even 75 mental 71 open 71 likely Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48 most 33 good 24 least 20 Most 18 high 13 large 11 low 9 late 9 bad 7 big 6 poor 5 great 3 strong 3 close 2 young 1 ~20 1 rich 1 old 1 near 1 hard 1 early 1 dirty 1 dense 1 deadly Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 68 most 21 least 2 well 2 hard 1 highest Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 www Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 7 http://www Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 use is non 4 data are available 3 time is now 2 case developed symptoms 2 case had diarrhoea 2 case was not 2 covid-19 is not 2 disease is rare 2 health is more 2 health is not 2 pandemic has also 2 pandemic has substantially 2 pandemic have not 2 studies are key 2 study uses multiple 2 system have much 2 system is not 2 workers are now 1 % had mild 1 % had secondary 1 % had severe 1 % remained asymptomatic 1 % were female 1 % were women 1 care has roots 1 care is also 1 care is unrealistic 1 care provides holistic 1 care remains poor 1 care was sparse 1 care were less 1 case having diarrhoea 1 case is also 1 case uses economic 1 cases are usually 1 cases developed illness 1 cases provide countries 1 cases remained localised 1 cases were children 1 cases were still 1 communities is feasible 1 communities using mostly 1 community has not 1 community is not 1 community support activities 1 community was actively 1 community were not 1 control are multiple 1 control has not 1 control is normally Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 case was not significantly 1 % had no formal 1 community is not widely 1 covid-19 is no exception 1 covid-19 is not surprising 1 covid-19 is not unique 1 ebola was no longer 1 health is not adequate 1 policies are not copy 1 policies was not formally 1 service is not always 1 services are no exception 1 study had no role 1 system has not adequately 1 system is not just 1 system is not only 1 systems are not directly A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-272195-c4xypzdx author = Alahmad, Barrak title = COVID-19 stressors on migrant workers in Kuwait: cumulative risk considerations date = 2020-07-08 keywords = COVID-19; Kuwait; worker summary = Local authorities and employers must act quickly to stop the spread, ensure easy access to testing and treatment, provide adequate housing and clear communication, encourage wide social support, safeguard financial protection and mental well-being and continuously re-evaluate the situation as more data are collected. 1 In many countries, migrant workers are recognised as one of the most vulnerable subpopulations, as they: (1) often are excluded from protections provided by public policies; (2) frequently take precarious jobs with less pay and longer hours; (3) often work in unsafe working conditions with little occupational safety and health (OSH) training; and (4) grapple with major cultural and language barriers. 5 6 This work investigates the multiple stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic on migrant workers by applying a holistic CRA framework, using Kuwait as an example. Migrant workers who are in non-essential businesses that remain closed could Figure 1 A cumulative risk assessment framework for occupational health and safety with four overlapping domains described by Fox et al. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002995 id = cord-258570-3n7jp0l0 author = Baatiema, Leonard title = Community health workers in Ghana: the need for greater policy attention date = 2016-12-02 keywords = Ghana; chws; community; health; worker summary = We argue that CHWs have played critical roles in improving health service delivery and outcomes, including guinea worm eradication, expanded immunisation coverage, maternal and child health, and HIV/AIDS treatment and management. Despite the general consensus about the importance of CHWs among the global health community, health policy interventions to recognise and support optimal delivery of healthcare by CHWs are lacking, especially in LMICs. In Ghana, although a number of studies and reports have highlighted CHWs'' activities, 16 19 20 there is inadequate health policy support for them. Ambiguity further abounds in the mainstream literature on the characterisation of CHWs. 21 However, during the recent United States Agency for International Development (USAID) CHW Evidence Summit, there was some consensus that a CHW is "A health worker who receives standardized training outside the formal nursing or medical curricula to deliver a range of basic health, promotional, educational, and mobilization services and has a defined role within the community system and larger health system". doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000141 id = cord-283555-pgel6i3y author = Chan, Tak Kwong title = Universal masking for COVID-19: evidence, ethics and recommendations date = 2020-05-26 keywords = face; mask summary = ► There is no shortage of mechanistic evidence and observational studies that affirmed the benefits of wearing a face mask in the community, which should drive urgent public health policy while we await the results of further research. 1 There is limited clinical evidence that wearing a disposable face mask, enhancing hand hygiene practice or social distancing can reduce transmission of respiratory viral infections in the community, 2 3 although there is mechanistic basis for these measures to work. I aim to provide further clarification of the evidence and ethics on this issue (which can provide grounds alternative and/or supplementary to the precautionary principle applied by Greenhalgh et al) and make a plea to the World Health Organisation (WHO) and policy makers to reformulate current recommendations with a view to enhancing the practice of wearing a face mask in the community. While social distancing and hand washing form the main recommendations, there is no shortage of mechanistic evidence and observational studies that affirmed the benefits of wearing a face mask in the community. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002819 id = cord-329016-w95typ7k author = Chow, Clara Kayei title = Availability and affordability of medicines and cardiovascular outcomes in 21 high-income, middle-income and low-income countries date = 2020-11-03 keywords = CVD; availability; medicine; pure summary = OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the relationship between access to medicine for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among people at high risk of CVD in high-income countries (HICs), upper and lower middle-income countries (UMICs, LMICs) and low-income countries (LICs) participating in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. 8 PURE recruited participants from different HICs, middle-income countries and LICs, making it possible to investigate the impact of availability and affordability of CVD medicines on adverse health outcomes across communities at varying economic levels. The medicines studied in this paper have been shown to be effective in primary and secondary prevention of CVD events and to reduce mortality, and are recommended in most clinical guidelines but were unavailable in a large proportion of communities in LICs and middle-income countries and even when available they were not always affordable. Availability and affordability of cardiovascular disease medicines and their effect on use in highincome, middle-income, and low-income countries: an analysis of the pure study data doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002640 id = cord-252843-vd81pftu author = Doherty, Tanya title = Building back from the ground up: the vital role of communities date = 2020-10-07 keywords = South; covid-19 summary = Governments in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) followed the approaches adopted by the Global North and advocated by international bodies such as the WHO, and instituted varying degrees of nationwide stay at home orders (lockdowns) from strict restrictions (such as in South Africa, India and Zimbabwe) to weakly enforced lockdown as in Brazil. ► Investing in community cadres and organisations has the potential to build social solidarity, mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and strengthen intersectoral collaboration and safety nets for future crises. While LMIC governments have focussed almost exclusively on reducing COVID-19 case numbers, many communities organised themselves with ''ground-up'' mitigation measures to address the worsening unintended effects. The intense lockdown periods and burden of COVID-19-related illness have revealed the inadequacies of strained, under-resourced public health facilities, and in some instances inept LMIC governments'' responses to crises; and the critical role of resilient, mobilised community structures. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003928 id = cord-316855-4ua7ohkq author = Druetz, Thomas title = Effects of terrorist attacks on access to maternal healthcare services: a national longitudinal study in Burkina Faso date = 2020-09-25 keywords = Burkina; Faso; attack summary = title: Effects of terrorist attacks on access to maternal healthcare services: a national longitudinal study in Burkina Faso Negative binomial regression models were fitted with fixed effects to isolate the immediate and long-term effects of terrorist attacks on three outcomes (antenatal care visits, of facility deliveries and of cesarean sections). A quasi-experimental study was therefore designed to (1) assess the immediate effects of terrorist attacks on access to maternal healthcare in Burkina Faso and (2) evaluate the longitudinal effects in communes affected by incremental levels of insecurity, defined here by the cumulative frequency of attacks. This is a longitudinal quasi-experimental study that used multiple (pooled) interrupted time-series analysis BMJ Global Health to evaluate the effects of terrorist attacks on access to maternal healthcare services at the level of the lowest administrative unit (ie, the commune). doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002879 id = cord-339121-w16e8lw1 author = Ebuenyi, Ikenna D title = COVID-19 as social disability: the opportunity of social empathy for empowerment date = 2020-08-23 keywords = COVID-19; disability summary = 4 6 The COVID-19 experience may offer contextual experience of the prepandemic lives of persons with disabilities and in doing so foster greater social responsibility and opportunities for change and a more inclusive society. Summary box ► COVID-19 has conferred new experiential knowledge on society and a rare opportunity to better understand the social model of disability and to improve the lives of persons with disabilities. ► The COVID-19 experience may offer contextual knowledge of the prepandemic lives of persons with disabilities and foster greater social awareness, responsibility and opportunities for change towards a more inclusive society. ► We have learnt from COVID-19 that inclusive healthcare and universal access should be the new normal, that its provision as a social good is both unifying and empowering for society as a whole. We have a rare opportunity to understand and better the lives of persons with disabilities for whom some aspects of the COVID-19 experience are enduring. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003039 id = cord-257765-ljt9rn8z author = Ghisolfi, Selene title = Predicted COVID-19 fatality rates based on age, sex, comorbidities and health system capacity date = 2020-09-09 keywords = COVID-19; IFR; age summary = doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003094 id = cord-325474-iikfjqz5 author = Guerra, Carlos A title = Malaria vector control in sub-Saharan Africa in the time of COVID-19: no room for complacency date = 2020-09-16 keywords = IRS; ITN summary = Perhaps most importantly, the increasing demand for resources to curb COVID-19 and the curtailment of economic activities driven by the pandemic could lead to substantial reductions in government revenues, 3 undermining their ability to finance essential social services, including life-saving malaria vector control interventions. The scaling-up of vector control, chiefly insecticide-treated nets (ITN) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), was the main driver for the significant reductions of malaria burden in SSA in the past two decades. ► In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the COVID-19 pandemic could cause major disruptions to the delivery of malaria vector control interventions. For instance, in Nigeria, the SSA country with the highest population at risk of malaria (>200 million people), only 11.1% of the 22.7 million nets in the Box 1 Strategies required for sustaining malaria vector control interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic ► Ensure that funding for malaria control activities remains in place considering increased demand of additional resources to carry out activities. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003880 id = cord-321299-h6pcatvx author = Hanson, Claudia title = Health system redesign for equity in maternal and newborn health must be codesigned, country led, adapted to context and fit for purpose date = 2020-10-14 keywords = care; health summary = 2 The authors suggest that all childbirth care services should be moved to hospitals in all countries, combined with improvements in (1) the quality of care provided in these facilities; (2) transportation from home to hospital; and (3) continuity of care through hub-and-spoke arrangements. First, Roder-DeWan and colleagues propose that the present strategy of promoting childbirth care in primary health facilities may be the primary reason for improvements in maternal and newborn survival being less than anticipated. 19 However, midwifery-led birthing facilities equipped with functioning ambulance able to make transfers to a hospital with caesarean section services may be a less BMJ Global Health complex and more flexible approach; more responsive to the needs of women and their families. Maternal and perinatal outcomes by planned place of birth among women with low-risk pregnancies in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003748 id = cord-355523-zol0k94p author = Hill-Cawthorne, Grant title = Advancing Planetary Health in Australia: focus on emerging infections and antimicrobial resistance date = 2019-04-22 keywords = AMR; Australia; Health; Pacific; antimicrobial summary = To clarify and advance the Planetary Health agenda within Australia, specifically in relation to emerging infectious diseases (EID) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), national experts and key stakeholders were invited to a facilitated workshop. To clarify and advance the Planetary Health agenda within Australia, specifically in relation to emerging infectious diseases (EID) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), national experts and key stakeholders were invited to a facilitated workshop. 7 However, a national summary box ► The emergence and spread of infectious diseases, including antimicrobial-resistant infections, pose a major health security threat. 34 The Australian National Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy 2015-2019, jointly developed by the Departments of Health and Agriculture and Water Resources, represents an example of how these silos can be linked, 35 but implementation remains challenging. Australian doctors prescribe more than twice the amount (in defined daily doses per 1000 population per day) of antibiotics compared with their counterparts in the BMJ Global Health Table 3 Responses to open-ended questions on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001283 id = cord-012040-24112w2j author = Hung, Yuen W title = Impact of a free care policy on the utilisation of health services during an Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo: an interrupted time-series analysis date = 2020-07-27 keywords = EVD; Ebola; FCP; health summary = doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002119 id = cord-328115-tjxt88vd author = Jackson-Morris, Angela title = Tailored support for national NCD policy and programme implementation: an over-looked priority date = 2020-08-25 keywords = Health; NCD; investment summary = ► Tailored technical support can empower national stakeholders to put investment cases into operation by partnering local expertise with specialist guidance for specific policies and programmes, using implementation science to surmount implementation obstacles and building national NCD capacity. Thus, a country may use an investment case to review and reprioritise an existing strategy; some countries may have stronger NCD stakeholder capacity and may not need to address this; some may have sustainable funding mechanisms under development yet can beneficially align these to the newly identified priority interventions and revised strategy. 21 Thus, an investment case may identify a specific intervention as a cost-effective priority based on national data; implementation research can then indicate how this may impact population groups differently and suggest ways BMJ Global Health that the implementation process and supporting actions should be tailored. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002598 id = cord-285027-40ciukd7 author = Jalloh, Mohamed F title = Impact of Ebola experiences and risk perceptions on mental health in Sierra Leone, July 2015 date = 2018-03-17 keywords = Ebola; PTSD; Sierra summary = We assessed symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the general population in Sierra Leone after over a year of outbreak response. ► To the best of our knowledge, the assessment was the first national survey that examined the impact of the devastating Ebola epidemic on populationlevel mental health using globally validated scales, and conducted after more than a year of ongoing transmission of Ebola in the country. 25 26 Known risk factors for anxiety, depression and PTSDincluding experience with ill individuals, perceptions of threat, high levels of mortality, food and resource insecurity, stigma and discrimination, and intolerance of uncertainty-may have been experienced by people in Sierra Leone during the Ebola epidemic. Table 4 presents multivariate analyses of the associations between Ebola experience and perceived Ebola threat and symptoms of anxiety and depression and PTSD, adjusting for gender, age, region and education levels. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000471 id = cord-295450-ca7ll1tt author = Jia, Peng title = Early warning of epidemics: towards a national intelligent syndromic surveillance system (NISSS) in China date = 2020-10-26 keywords = China; NISSS; datum summary = The outbreak of the COVID-19 has further advanced the demand for an intelligent disease reporting system, also known as the national intelligent syndromic surveillance system (NISSS), 1 which would be able to analyse these suspected cases on the basis of prior knowledge and real-time information before a disease is confirmed clinically and in the laboratory. ► Literature databases containing valuable research findings and knowledge and internet activity data reflecting cyber user awareness should be incorporated into the NISSS in a real-time way for warning or fighting the epidemic. ► The International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), a global health collaborative research network, has committed to working with multiple stakeholders to codevelop the NISSS in China. Such data-sharing mechanisms and infrastructures would also facilitate timely spatial epidemiological research on the basis of individual-level infected cases linked with respective location data from mobile service providers and/or smartphone-based apps without violating confidentiality requirements. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002925 id = cord-330343-p7a8chn4 author = Kelly-Cirino, Cassandra title = An updated roadmap for MERS-CoV research and product development: focus on diagnostics date = 2019-02-01 keywords = CoV; East; MERS; Middle; respiratory summary = ► Diagnostic research and development (R&D) needs to include point-of-care testing options, syndromic panels for differential diagnosis, a greater understanding of viral and antibody kinetics, improved access to clinical specimens, and establishment of international reference standards. Diagnostics play a central role in the early detection and control of outbreaks and can enable a more nuanced understanding of the disease kinetics and risk factors for the Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), one of the high-priority pathogens identified by the WHO. Diagnostics play a central role in the early detection and control of outbreaks and can enable a more nuanced understanding of the disease kinetics and risk factors for the Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), one of the high-priority pathogens identified by the WHO. In this review we identified sources for molecular and serological diagnostic tests used in MERS-CoV detection, case management and outbreak investigations, as well as surveillance for humans and animals (camels), and summarised the performance of currently available tests, diagnostic needs, and associated challenges for diagnostic test development and implementation. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001105 id = cord-285083-nkrw2sad author = Khosla, Rajat title = Global health and human rights for a postpandemic world date = 2020-08-20 keywords = health; right summary = For we, those working on health and human rights in global spaces and beyond, need to reflect on our values, our standards, our institutions, our mechanisms, and ask if we are fit for purpose. 9 Failing to explicitly address human rights concerns not only continues to jeopardise the response to this pandemic, but the future of global health. 10 Many scholarly writings, reflecting on the determinants of the current pandemic, point to our failure to approach global health as ''commons'' as the beginning of our collective descent. In the words of Jonathan Mann, ''time is now for us to come together as "equal partners in the belief that the world can change".'' 15 Twitter Pascale Allotey @PascaleAllotey Contributors The manuscript is a result of discussions towards foundational work on the future of human rights in health. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003548 id = cord-325396-ot7pvexv author = Lönnroth, Knut title = Income security in times of ill health: the next frontier for the SDGs date = 2020-06-15 keywords = income; social summary = doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002493 id = cord-272991-opvs2ejd author = Masiira, Ben title = Building a new platform to support public health emergency response in Africa: the AFENET Corps of Disease Detectives, 2018–2019 date = 2020-10-13 keywords = AFENET; Africa; EVD summary = doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002874 id = cord-320127-55h4hhm3 author = Mazingi, Dennis title = Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on children''s surgery in Africa date = 2020-06-10 keywords = Africa; COVID-19; SARS summary = 13 The COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented strain on health services around the world, and paediatric surgical services are no exception. During the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-1 outbreak in Toronto, stringent restrictions on non-essential surgical services were thought to have aggravated precipitous declines in surgical volume, with only small increases in surge capacity for the outbreak. 42 Paediatric care in Africa is typically characterised by significant involvement by guardians and other family members who support the child during hospital admission, assist the overburdened healthcare workforce and act as care advocates. A recent global review of paediatric surgical workforce density showed that a minimum of four paediatric surgeons per million children under 15 years of age would be required to achieve a survival of >80% for a group of four bellwether paediatric surgical conditions. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003016 id = cord-260985-ria9v2p6 author = McDarby, Geraldine title = The global pool of simulation exercise materials in health emergency preparedness and response: a scoping review with a health system perspective date = 2019-07-29 keywords = health; material; system summary = Given the important implications health services resilience has for the protection and improvement of human life, this scoping review was undertaken to determine how the publicly available body of existing global SimEx materials considers health systems, together with health security functions in the event of disruptive emergencies. Given the important implications health services resilience has for the protection and improvement of human life, this scoping review was undertaken to determine how the publicly available body of existing global SimEx materials considers health systems, together with health security functions in the event of disruptive emergencies. SimEx are also an ideal opportunity to test preparedness of the various functions of the health system, particularly health service delivery, in response to PHEs. This would contribute to the development of strong linkages between health systems and health security sectors supporting an integrated approach towards building resilient health systems. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001687 id = cord-335004-vw6up31u author = McDiarmid, Melissa title = Duty of care and health worker protections in the age of Ebola: lessons from Médecins Sans Frontières date = 2019-08-31 keywords = Ebola; MSF summary = ► Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) health workers had a much lower incidence rate of 4.3/1000, explained as the result of MSF''s ''duty of care'' toward staff safety. ► Adopting and consistently enforcing these broader, duty of care safety policies in deployed teams augments and fortifies standard infection prevention practices, creating a more protective, comprehensive safety programme. analySeS oF HealTH rISkS relaTed To THe job propoSed Months before the WHO declared the Ebola outbreak an international public health emergency in August 2014, MSF teams were already deployed to multiple sites in the affected West Africa region, providing patient care, contact tracing, community outreach and logistical support to the Ebola response. The briefings and training for prospective international Ebola staff emphasise specific sanitation and infection prevention and control (IPC) work practices, which limit exposure to infectious body fluids or objects. provIdIng FolloW-up For any IllneSS or Work-relaTed Injury Staff illness, including suspected Ebola cases, are managed by the team-based health focal point (Action 4). doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001593 id = cord-294784-r84td2i0 author = Meessen, Bruno title = Health system governance: welcoming the reboot date = 2020-08-10 keywords = governance; health; system summary = doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002404 id = cord-343881-0i3rfpvd author = Norton, Alice title = The remaining unknowns: a mixed methods study of the current and global health research priorities for COVID-19 date = 2020-07-29 keywords = COVID-19; Research; priority summary = doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003306 id = cord-298073-0n0i2b7o author = Panigrahi, Sunil Kumar title = Covid-19 and mobile phone hygiene in healthcare settings date = 2020-04-22 keywords = mobile; phone summary = doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002505 id = cord-335373-17tcikxl author = Paul, Elisabeth title = COVID-19: time for paradigm shift in the nexus between local, national and global health date = 2020-04-20 keywords = COVID-19; Health; disease; global summary = ► The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered unprecedented measures worldwide, which have often been adopted in an ''emergency'' mode and are largely reactionary ► Alternatively, COVID-19 needs to be appraised as part of a much bigger health picture, adopting a "systems approach" that enables interactions with other acknowledged and preventable health conditions, which often receive disproportionately low attention ► To do so requires a paradigm shift in global health governance, from a specific reactional paradigm to a systemic, coordinated and preventive paradigm ► It is necessary to adopt a holistic approach to health reflecting both a security approach and a health development approach, tackling upstream causes and determinants, aimed at helping populations reduce their individual risk factors and augment their natural immunity ► Such preventive health policies must be tailored to local specificities and local environments, and health systems must be strengthened at the local level so as to be able to respond to population needs and expectations ► The current crisis calls for a paradigm shift in public and global health policies; and in the in the nexus between local, national and global health policies and systems doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002622 id = cord-306184-wfvc35l5 author = Perrin, Christophe title = Europe should lead in coordinated procurement of quality-assured medicines for programmes in low-income and middle-income countries date = 2020-07-26 keywords = european summary = doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003283 id = cord-351083-3oy7zuy9 author = Rashid, Sabina Faiz title = Towards a socially just model: balancing hunger and response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh date = 2020-06-01 keywords = Bangladesh; COVID-19; poor summary = ► Responsive and timely research is needed to better understand the challenges faced by poor and vulnerable populations to inform immediate interventions and policies to address this unprecedented COVID-19 modern-day pandemic. ► In the context of COVID-19, the lockdown model is being imported from a different context (western or developed economies) with stronger economic bases and better social safety nets for those in need, but is there a better way forward for low resource contexts? While there is no easy solution or strategy, for Bangladesh and its high proportion of vulnerable populations, continuation of the shutdown has to be accompanied with strong political resolve to ensure that people do not go without food BMJ Global Health and have basic health information and support, given the grounded realities of their lives. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002715 id = cord-281543-ivhr2no3 author = Richardson, Eugene T title = Pandemicity, COVID-19 and the limits of public health ‘science’ date = 2020-04-17 keywords = Ebola; model summary = 17 In the case of Ebola outbreak in West Africa, epidemiologists attributed amplified transmission to local populations'' beliefs in misinformation or their ''strange'' funerary practices-in essence, diverting the public''s gaze from legacies of the transatlantic slave trade (or Maafa), 18 colonialism, 19 indirect rule, 20 structural adjustment 21 and extractive foreign companies as determinants. 40 As they start to sift back through the determinative web of human rights abuses-that is, the pathologies of power 41that set the stage for these health inequalities, they may begin to see that they contribute a great deal to the production and reproduction of structural injustice because of the social position they occupy and the violence that has been committed in their names. Mathematical modeling of the West Africa Ebola epidemic doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002571 id = cord-266780-dwmfayaz author = Saad, Neil J. title = The Al Hol camp in Northeast Syria: health and humanitarian challenges date = 2020-07-21 keywords = Syria summary = 1 2 In the Northwest of the country, in the Idlib and Northern Aleppo governorates, four million people, of which two-thirds are displaced from other parts of Syria, are currently in the midst of a humanitarian crisis due to a military campaign by Syrian and Russian government forces. The Al Hol camp, close to the Syria-Iraq border, was initially set up by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees during the 1991 Gulf war for approximately 15 000 people and it expanded further during the US invasion of Iraq in the early 2000s. 9 10 Generally, newcomers first stay at a reception area and remain there until allocated a shelter and being Summary box ► Al Hol camp is the largest refugee/internally displaced people camp in Northeast Syria. In the harsh conditions of the Al Hol camp, international NGOs, United Nations agencies and local authorities worked towards improving people''s living conditions and supporting their basic needs. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002491 id = cord-355919-e8fhlo37 author = Semaan, Aline title = Voices from the frontline: findings from a thematic analysis of a rapid online global survey of maternal and newborn health professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-24 keywords = Ebola; MNH; care; covid-19; health summary = doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002967 id = cord-011855-0vetk6jd author = Shayo, Elizabeth title = Ethical issues in intervention studies on the prevention and management of diabetes and hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa date = 2020-07-06 keywords = Africa; HIV summary = doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002193 id = cord-011992-jgw3nat2 author = Srinivas, Prashanth Nuggehalli title = “Together we move a mountain”: celebrating a decade of the Emerging Voices for Global Health network date = 2020-07-23 keywords = EV4GH; health summary = The EV4GH programme deliberately selects a cohort of 30-40 early career researchers in health systems, living or working in lowincome and middle-income countries and with an interest to engage critically on global health issues that have local relevance within their country/local health systems. The collective engagement every 2 years during the biennial global health systems symposia enables community-building and several EV4GH alumni have taken on leadership roles within our network and within the broader HPSR community and beyond. Some have become elected members of the HSG board, and others have taken the lead in managing other thematic working groups within HSG, and many others participate actively in other regional and global events while coordinating with fellow EV4GH alumni in such fora, leveraging the membership in the network to seek wider change in the health systems and global health community. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003015 id = cord-290067-fa0mxvc3 author = Svadzian, Anita title = Global health degrees: at what cost? date = 2020-08-05 keywords = Health; global; hic summary = Results for average tuition fees for Master''s degrees in global or international health are displayed in table 2. The data presented suggest that there may be a disconnect between where global health training is needed most versus where the degree programmes are currently offered. This would vary a lot, depending on the country and cost of living and what financial aid or fellowships To this extent, we hope global health degree programmes will be transparent about diversity in their student body and provide information on what proportion of their LMIC students receive tuition waivers or fellowships. We also need data on what proportion of the LMIC students in these degrees get full tuition fee waivers. Fee waivers may also represent a form of reparation, given the colonial and extractive origins of many HIC universities and global/ public health schools. It is disappointing that distance education global health degrees still cost about US$20 000 for international students. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003310 id = cord-274895-rw5keyos author = Tao, Wenjuan title = Towards universal health coverage: lessons from 10 years of healthcare reform in China date = 2020-03-19 keywords = China; UHC; health; reform summary = However, much of the early research focused solely on the first 3-year reform after 2009 in China, summary box ► Continued political support is the most important enabling condition for achieving universal health coverage (UHC). 42 43 Under the goal of achieving UHC, China concentrated on establishing the four systems (ie, public health service system, medical service system, health insurance system, and drug supply and security system), based on the eight functional mechanisms that could provide essential supports. There were five reform priorities: (1) accelerating the establishment of a basic health insurance system; (2) establishing a preliminary national essential drug system; (3) improving the primary care delivery system to provide basic healthcare; (4) making basic public health services (BPHS) available and equal for all; and (5) piloting public hospital reforms. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002086 id = cord-272965-l0d7rgt0 author = Turcotte-Tremblay, Anne-Marie title = Global health is more than just ‘Public Health Somewhere Else’ date = 2020-05-07 keywords = global; health summary = ► King and Koski''s definition of global health may exacerbate inequities by reserving the right to call oneself a global health researcher to those who are privileged and have access to funding that enables them to travel to other settings. Moreover, King and Koski''s 1 definition is not adequate because some global health initiatives are aimed at finding solutions to domestic problems, whether it be in a high, middle or low-income country. 6 7 There are examples of global health research and interventions where countries and communities have worked collaboratively and shared expertise, cultural knowledge and other resources to develop appropriate and effective solutions. 6 11 12 Recognising global health as a field in its own right is crucial to ensure there are dedicated resources for training and forums where the global health community can exchange and share knowledge, so that best practices can be further promoted, especially among students and emerging researchers and practitioners. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002545 id = cord-283485-xit6najq author = Van Damme, Wim title = The COVID-19 pandemic: diverse contexts; different epidemics—how and why? date = 2020-07-27 keywords = COVID-19; China; Health; SARS; disease; epidemic; transmission summary = Since its emergence in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread to nearly all countries of the world in only a few months. 4 It was soon discovered that the virus is easily transmitted, can cause Summary box ► Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread to nearly all countries of the world in only a few months. 88 Box 2 On the use of mathematical models during epidemics A dominant way of studying the transmission dynamics of an infectious disease such as COVID-19, and predicting the amplitude and peak of the epidemic in a population (city, province, country) and analysing the effect of control measures is using mathematical models. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003098 id = cord-315744-nr0fu2qb author = Wang, Yu title = Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China date = 2020-05-28 keywords = case; covid-19; transmission summary = doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002794 id = cord-268279-umlqh0q4 author = Wenham, Clare title = Cuba y seguridad sanitaria mundial: Cuba’s role in global health security date = 2020-05-13 keywords = Cuba; global; health; security summary = These concern Cuba''s visibility and participation in the broader global health security architecture, the social controls exercised by the state in managing disease threats in Cuban territory, and the resource constraints facing the island—in particular, the effects of the US embargo. These concern Cuba''s visibility and participation in the broader global health security architecture, the social controls exercised by the state in managing disease threats in Cuban territory, and the resource constraints facing the island-in particular, the effects of the US embargo. We consider this to be the most apparent embodiment of Cuban health security activities internationally, where the state appears to be supporting response efforts for emerging pathogens by providing human resources and technical expertise within outbreak response, and health systems capacity-building elsewhere in the world, such as the training of international medical professionals. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002227 id = cord-314699-5b4toeik author = Wishnia, Jodi title = Impact of financial management centralisation in a health system under austerity: a qualitative study from South Africa date = 2020-10-29 keywords = financial; health; manager summary = doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003524