Carrel name: journal-bmjGlobHealth-cord Creating study carrel named journal-bmjGlobHealth-cord Initializing database file: cache/cord-266780-dwmfayaz.json key: cord-266780-dwmfayaz authors: Saad, Neil J. title: The Al Hol camp in Northeast Syria: health and humanitarian challenges date: 2020-07-21 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002491 sha: doc_id: 266780 cord_uid: dwmfayaz file: cache/cord-272991-opvs2ejd.json key: cord-272991-opvs2ejd authors: Masiira, Ben; Antara, Simon N; Kazoora, Herbert B; Namusisi, Olivia; Gombe, Notion T; Magazani, Alain N; Nguku, Patrick M; Kazambu, Ditu; Gitta, Sheba N; Kihembo, Christine; Sawadogo, Bernard; Bogale, Tatek A; Ohuabunwo, Chima; Nsubuga, Peter; Tshimanga, Mufuta title: Building a new platform to support public health emergency response in Africa: the AFENET Corps of Disease Detectives, 2018–2019 date: 2020-10-13 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002874 sha: doc_id: 272991 cord_uid: opvs2ejd file: cache/cord-011855-0vetk6jd.json key: cord-011855-0vetk6jd authors: Shayo, Elizabeth; Van Hout, Marie Claire; Birungi, Josephine; Garrib, Anupam; Kivuyo, Sokoine; Mfinanga, Sayoki; Nyrienda, Moffat J; Namakoola, Ivan; Okebe, Joseph; Ramaiya, Kaushik; Bachmann, Max Oscar; Cullen, Walter; Lazarus, Jeffrey; Gill, Geoff; Shiri, Tinevimbo; Bukenya, Dominic; Snell, Hazel; Nanfuka, Mastula; Cuevas, Luis E; Shimwela, Meshack; Mutungi, Gerald; Musinguzi, Joshua; Mghamba, Janneth; Mugisha, Kenneth; Jaffar, Shabbar; Smith, Peter G; Sewankambo, Nelson Kaulukusi title: Ethical issues in intervention studies on the prevention and management of diabetes and hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa date: 2020-07-06 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002193 sha: doc_id: 11855 cord_uid: 0vetk6jd file: cache/cord-274895-rw5keyos.json key: cord-274895-rw5keyos authors: Tao, Wenjuan; Zeng, Zhi; Dang, Haixia; Lu, Bingqing; Chuong, Linh; Yue, Dahai; Wen, Jin; Zhao, Rui; Li, Weimin; Kominski, Gerald F title: Towards universal health coverage: lessons from 10 years of healthcare reform in China date: 2020-03-19 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002086 sha: doc_id: 274895 cord_uid: rw5keyos file: cache/cord-012040-24112w2j.json key: cord-012040-24112w2j authors: Hung, Yuen W; Law, Michael R; Cheng, Lucy; Abramowitz, Sharon; Alcayna-Stevens, Lys; Lurton, Grégoire; Mayaka, Serge Manitu; Olekhnovitch, Romain; Kyomba, Gabriel; Ruton, Hinda; Ramazani, Sylvain Yuma; Grépin, Karen A title: Impact of a free care policy on the utilisation of health services during an Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo: an interrupted time-series analysis date: 2020-07-27 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002119 sha: doc_id: 12040 cord_uid: 24112w2j file: cache/cord-290067-fa0mxvc3.json key: cord-290067-fa0mxvc3 authors: Svadzian, Anita; Vasquez, Nathaly Aguilera; Abimbola, Seye; Pai, Madhukar title: Global health degrees: at what cost? date: 2020-08-05 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003310 sha: doc_id: 290067 cord_uid: fa0mxvc3 file: cache/cord-272965-l0d7rgt0.json key: cord-272965-l0d7rgt0 authors: Turcotte-Tremblay, Anne-Marie; Fregonese, Federica; Kadio, Kadidiatou; Alam, Nazmul; Merry, Lisa title: Global health is more than just ‘Public Health Somewhere Else’ date: 2020-05-07 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002545 sha: doc_id: 272965 cord_uid: l0d7rgt0 file: cache/cord-285083-nkrw2sad.json key: cord-285083-nkrw2sad authors: Khosla, Rajat; Allotey, Pascale; Gruskin, Sofia title: Global health and human rights for a postpandemic world date: 2020-08-20 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003548 sha: doc_id: 285083 cord_uid: nkrw2sad file: cache/cord-011992-jgw3nat2.json key: cord-011992-jgw3nat2 authors: Srinivas, Prashanth Nuggehalli; Henriksson, Dorcus Kiwanuka; S Gordeev, Vladimir; Decoster, Kristof; Topp, Stephanie M; Abimbola, Seye title: “Together we move a mountain”: celebrating a decade of the Emerging Voices for Global Health network date: 2020-07-23 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003015 sha: doc_id: 11992 cord_uid: jgw3nat2 file: cache/cord-268279-umlqh0q4.json key: cord-268279-umlqh0q4 authors: Wenham, Clare; Kittelsen, Sonja K title: Cuba y seguridad sanitaria mundial: Cuba’s role in global health security date: 2020-05-13 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002227 sha: doc_id: 268279 cord_uid: umlqh0q4 file: cache/cord-260985-ria9v2p6.json key: cord-260985-ria9v2p6 authors: McDarby, Geraldine; Reynolds, Lindy; Zibwowa, Zandile; Syed, Shams; Kelley, Ed; Saikat, Sohel title: The global pool of simulation exercise materials in health emergency preparedness and response: a scoping review with a health system perspective date: 2019-07-29 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001687 sha: doc_id: 260985 cord_uid: ria9v2p6 file: cache/cord-281543-ivhr2no3.json key: cord-281543-ivhr2no3 authors: Richardson, Eugene T title: Pandemicity, COVID-19 and the limits of public health ‘science’ date: 2020-04-17 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002571 sha: doc_id: 281543 cord_uid: ivhr2no3 file: cache/cord-298073-0n0i2b7o.json key: cord-298073-0n0i2b7o authors: Panigrahi, Sunil Kumar; Pathak, Vineet Kumar; Kumar, M Mohan; Raj, Utsav; Priya P, Karpaga title: Covid-19 and mobile phone hygiene in healthcare settings date: 2020-04-22 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002505 sha: doc_id: 298073 cord_uid: 0n0i2b7o file: cache/cord-258570-3n7jp0l0.json key: cord-258570-3n7jp0l0 authors: Baatiema, Leonard; Sumah, Anthony Mwinkaara; Tang, Prosper Naazumah; Ganle, John Kuumuori title: Community health workers in Ghana: the need for greater policy attention date: 2016-12-02 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000141 sha: doc_id: 258570 cord_uid: 3n7jp0l0 file: cache/cord-315744-nr0fu2qb.json key: cord-315744-nr0fu2qb authors: Wang, Yu; Tian, Huaiyu; Zhang, Li; Zhang, Man; Guo, Dandan; Wu, Wenting; Zhang, Xingxing; Kan, Ge Lin; Jia, Lei; Huo, Da; Liu, Baiwei; Wang, Xiaoli; Sun, Ying; Wang, Quanyi; Yang, Peng; MacIntyre, C. Raina title: Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China date: 2020-05-28 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002794 sha: doc_id: 315744 cord_uid: nr0fu2qb file: cache/cord-316855-4ua7ohkq.json key: cord-316855-4ua7ohkq authors: Druetz, Thomas; Browne, Lalique; Bicaba, Frank; Mitchell, Matthew Ian; Bicaba, Abel title: Effects of terrorist attacks on access to maternal healthcare services: a national longitudinal study in Burkina Faso date: 2020-09-25 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002879 sha: doc_id: 316855 cord_uid: 4ua7ohkq file: cache/cord-285027-40ciukd7.json key: cord-285027-40ciukd7 authors: Jalloh, Mohamed F; Li, Wenshu; Bunnell, Rebecca E; Ethier, Kathleen A; O’Leary, Ann; Hageman, Kathy M; Sengeh, Paul; Jalloh, Mohammad B; Morgan, Oliver; Hersey, Sara; Marston, Barbara J; Dafae, Foday; Redd, John T title: Impact of Ebola experiences and risk perceptions on mental health in Sierra Leone, July 2015 date: 2018-03-17 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000471 sha: doc_id: 285027 cord_uid: 40ciukd7 file: cache/cord-294784-r84td2i0.json key: cord-294784-r84td2i0 authors: Meessen, Bruno title: Health system governance: welcoming the reboot date: 2020-08-10 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002404 sha: doc_id: 294784 cord_uid: r84td2i0 file: cache/cord-306184-wfvc35l5.json key: cord-306184-wfvc35l5 authors: Perrin, Christophe; Cloez, Sandrine; Dujardin, Catherine; Ravinetto, Raffaella title: Europe should lead in coordinated procurement of quality-assured medicines for programmes in low-income and middle-income countries date: 2020-07-26 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003283 sha: doc_id: 306184 cord_uid: wfvc35l5 file: cache/cord-283485-xit6najq.json key: cord-283485-xit6najq authors: Van Damme, Wim; Dahake, Ritwik; Delamou, Alexandre; Ingelbeen, Brecht; Wouters, Edwin; Vanham, Guido; van de Pas, Remco; Dossou, Jean-Paul; Ir, Por; Abimbola, Seye; Van der Borght, Stefaan; Narayanan, Devadasan; Bloom, Gerald; Van Engelgem, Ian; Ag Ahmed, Mohamed Ali; Kiendrébéogo, Joël Arthur; Verdonck, Kristien; De Brouwere, Vincent; Bello, Kéfilath; Kloos, Helmut; Aaby, Peter; Kalk, Andreas; Al-Awlaqi, Sameh; Prashanth, NS; Muyembe-Tamfum, Jean-Jacques; Mbala, Placide; Ahuka-Mundeke, Steve; Assefa, Yibeltal title: The COVID-19 pandemic: diverse contexts; different epidemics—how and why? date: 2020-07-27 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003098 sha: doc_id: 283485 cord_uid: xit6najq file: cache/cord-295450-ca7ll1tt.json key: cord-295450-ca7ll1tt authors: Jia, Peng; Yang, Shujuan title: Early warning of epidemics: towards a national intelligent syndromic surveillance system (NISSS) in China date: 2020-10-26 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002925 sha: doc_id: 295450 cord_uid: ca7ll1tt file: cache/cord-272195-c4xypzdx.json key: cord-272195-c4xypzdx authors: Alahmad, Barrak; Kurdi, Hussam; Colonna, Kyle; Gasana, Janvier; Agnew, Jacqueline; Fox, Mary A title: COVID-19 stressors on migrant workers in Kuwait: cumulative risk considerations date: 2020-07-08 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002995 sha: doc_id: 272195 cord_uid: c4xypzdx file: cache/cord-252843-vd81pftu.json key: cord-252843-vd81pftu authors: Doherty, Tanya; Kroon, Max; Reynolds, Louis; Fawcus, Sue; Lake, Lori; Solanki, Geetesh title: Building back from the ground up: the vital role of communities date: 2020-10-07 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003928 sha: doc_id: 252843 cord_uid: vd81pftu file: cache/cord-283555-pgel6i3y.json key: cord-283555-pgel6i3y authors: Chan, Tak Kwong title: Universal masking for COVID-19: evidence, ethics and recommendations date: 2020-05-26 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002819 sha: doc_id: 283555 cord_uid: pgel6i3y file: cache/cord-343881-0i3rfpvd.json key: cord-343881-0i3rfpvd authors: Norton, Alice; De La Horra Gozalo, Arancha; Feune de Colombi, Nicole; Alobo, Moses; Mutheu Asego, Juliette; Al-Rawni, Zainab; Antonio, Emilia; Parker, James; Mwangi, Wayne; Adhiambo Wesonga, Colette; Marsh, Kevin; Tufet, Marta; Piot, Peter; Lang, Trudie title: The remaining unknowns: a mixed methods study of the current and global health research priorities for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003306 sha: doc_id: 343881 cord_uid: 0i3rfpvd file: cache/cord-325396-ot7pvexv.json key: cord-325396-ot7pvexv authors: Lönnroth, Knut; Tessier, Lou; Hensing, Gunnel; Behrendt, Christina title: Income security in times of ill health: the next frontier for the SDGs date: 2020-06-15 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002493 sha: doc_id: 325396 cord_uid: ot7pvexv file: cache/cord-335004-vw6up31u.json key: cord-335004-vw6up31u authors: McDiarmid, Melissa; Crestani, Rosa title: Duty of care and health worker protections in the age of Ebola: lessons from Médecins Sans Frontières date: 2019-08-31 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001593 sha: doc_id: 335004 cord_uid: vw6up31u file: cache/cord-339121-w16e8lw1.json key: cord-339121-w16e8lw1 authors: Ebuenyi, Ikenna D; Smith, Emma M; Holloway, Catherine; Jensen, Rune; D'Arino, Lucía; MacLachlan, Malcolm title: COVID-19 as social disability: the opportunity of social empathy for empowerment date: 2020-08-23 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003039 sha: doc_id: 339121 cord_uid: w16e8lw1 file: cache/cord-257765-ljt9rn8z.json key: cord-257765-ljt9rn8z authors: Ghisolfi, Selene; Almås, Ingvild; Sandefur, Justin C; von Carnap, Tillman; Heitner, Jesse; Bold, Tessa title: Predicted COVID-19 fatality rates based on age, sex, comorbidities and health system capacity date: 2020-09-09 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003094 sha: doc_id: 257765 cord_uid: ljt9rn8z file: cache/cord-351083-3oy7zuy9.json key: cord-351083-3oy7zuy9 authors: Rashid, Sabina Faiz; Theobald, Sally; Ozano, Kim title: Towards a socially just model: balancing hunger and response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh date: 2020-06-01 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002715 sha: doc_id: 351083 cord_uid: 3oy7zuy9 file: cache/cord-321299-h6pcatvx.json key: cord-321299-h6pcatvx authors: Hanson, Claudia; Waiswa, Peter; Pembe, Andrea; Sandall, Jane; Schellenberg, Joanna title: Health system redesign for equity in maternal and newborn health must be codesigned, country led, adapted to context and fit for purpose date: 2020-10-14 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003748 sha: doc_id: 321299 cord_uid: h6pcatvx file: cache/cord-314699-5b4toeik.json key: cord-314699-5b4toeik authors: Wishnia, Jodi; Goudge, Jane title: Impact of financial management centralisation in a health system under austerity: a qualitative study from South Africa date: 2020-10-29 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003524 sha: doc_id: 314699 cord_uid: 5b4toeik file: cache/cord-325474-iikfjqz5.json key: cord-325474-iikfjqz5 authors: Guerra, Carlos A; Tresor Donfack, Olivier; Motobe Vaz, Liberato; Mba Nlang, José A; Nze Nchama, Lucas O; Mba Eyono, Jeremías N; Riloha Rivas, Matilde; Phiri, Wonder P; Schwabe, Christopher; Aldrich, Edward; Ratsirarson, Josea; Fuseini, Godwin; García, Guillermo A title: Malaria vector control in sub-Saharan Africa in the time of COVID-19: no room for complacency date: 2020-09-16 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003880 sha: doc_id: 325474 cord_uid: iikfjqz5 file: cache/cord-335373-17tcikxl.json key: cord-335373-17tcikxl authors: Paul, Elisabeth; Brown, Garrett W; Ridde, Valery title: COVID-19: time for paradigm shift in the nexus between local, national and global health date: 2020-04-20 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002622 sha: doc_id: 335373 cord_uid: 17tcikxl file: cache/cord-330343-p7a8chn4.json key: cord-330343-p7a8chn4 authors: Kelly-Cirino, Cassandra; Mazzola, Laura T; Chua, Arlene; Oxenford, Christopher J; Van Kerkhove, Maria D title: An updated roadmap for MERS-CoV research and product development: focus on diagnostics date: 2019-02-01 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001105 sha: doc_id: 330343 cord_uid: p7a8chn4 file: cache/cord-329016-w95typ7k.json key: cord-329016-w95typ7k authors: Chow, Clara Kayei; Nguyen, Tu Ngoc; Marschner, Simone; Diaz, Rafael; Rahman, Omar; Avezum, Alvaro; Lear, Scott A; Teo, Koon; Yeates, Karen E; Lanas, Fernando; Li, Wei; Hu, Bo; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio; Gupta, Rajeev; Kumar, Rajesh; Mony, Prem K; Bahonar, Ahmad; Yusoff, Khalid; Khatib, Rasha; Kazmi, Khawar; Dans, Antonio L; Zatonska, Katarzyna; Alhabib, Khalid F; Kruger, Iolanthe Marike; Rosengren, Annika; Gulec, Sadi; Yusufali, Afzalhussein; Chifamba, Jephat; Rangarajan, Sumathy; McKee, Martin; Yusuf, Salim title: Availability and affordability of medicines and cardiovascular outcomes in 21 high-income, middle-income and low-income countries date: 2020-11-03 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002640 sha: doc_id: 329016 cord_uid: w95typ7k file: cache/cord-355523-zol0k94p.json key: cord-355523-zol0k94p authors: Hill-Cawthorne, Grant; Negin, Joel; Capon, Tony; Gilbert, Gwendolyn L; Nind, Lee; Nunn, Michael; Ridgway, Patricia; Schipp, Mark; Firman, Jenny; Sorrell, Tania C; Marais, Ben J title: Advancing Planetary Health in Australia: focus on emerging infections and antimicrobial resistance date: 2019-04-22 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001283 sha: doc_id: 355523 cord_uid: zol0k94p file: cache/cord-355919-e8fhlo37.json key: cord-355919-e8fhlo37 authors: Semaan, Aline; Audet, Constance; Huysmans, Elise; Afolabi, Bosede; Assarag, Bouchra; Banke-Thomas, Aduragbemi; Blencowe, Hannah; Caluwaerts, Séverine; Campbell, Oona Maeve Renee; Cavallaro, Francesca L; Chavane, Leonardo; Day, Louise Tina; Delamou, Alexandre; Delvaux, Therese; Graham, Wendy Jane; Gon, Giorgia; Kascak, Peter; Matsui, Mitsuaki; Moxon, Sarah; Nakimuli, Annettee; Pembe, Andrea; Radovich, Emma; van den Akker, Thomas; Benova, Lenka title: Voices from the frontline: findings from a thematic analysis of a rapid online global survey of maternal and newborn health professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-24 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002967 sha: doc_id: 355919 cord_uid: e8fhlo37 file: cache/cord-328115-tjxt88vd.json key: cord-328115-tjxt88vd authors: Jackson-Morris, Angela; Nugent, Rachel title: Tailored support for national NCD policy and programme implementation: an over-looked priority date: 2020-08-25 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002598 sha: doc_id: 328115 cord_uid: tjxt88vd file: cache/cord-320127-55h4hhm3.json /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes key: cord-320127-55h4hhm3 authors: Mazingi, Dennis; Ihediwa, George; Ford, Kathryn; Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O; Lakhoo, Kokila title: Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on children's surgery in Africa date: 2020-06-10 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003016 sha: doc_id: 320127 cord_uid: 55h4hhm3 Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named journal-bmjGlobHealth-cord parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 39. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 39. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 39. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 39. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 39. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 39. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 38. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 38. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 38. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 38. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 38. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 37. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 28457 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 37. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 28737 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 28667 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordpos2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30706 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 31038 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 32112 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 31750 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 31810 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 31827 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 31845 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 32415 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 32729 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266780-dwmfayaz author: Saad, Neil J. title: The Al Hol camp in Northeast Syria: health and humanitarian challenges date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266780-dwmfayaz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266780-dwmfayaz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266780-dwmfayaz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272965-l0d7rgt0 author: Turcotte-Tremblay, Anne-Marie title: Global health is more than just ‘Public Health Somewhere Else’ date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272965-l0d7rgt0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272965-l0d7rgt0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272965-l0d7rgt0.txt' === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes id: cord-011992-jgw3nat2 author: Srinivas, Prashanth Nuggehalli title: “Together we move a mountain”: celebrating a decade of the Emerging Voices for Global Health network date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011992-jgw3nat2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011992-jgw3nat2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-011992-jgw3nat2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285083-nkrw2sad author: Khosla, Rajat title: Global health and human rights for a postpandemic world date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285083-nkrw2sad.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285083-nkrw2sad.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285083-nkrw2sad.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281543-ivhr2no3 author: Richardson, Eugene T title: Pandemicity, COVID-19 and the limits of public health ‘science’ date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281543-ivhr2no3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281543-ivhr2no3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281543-ivhr2no3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274895-rw5keyos author: Tao, Wenjuan title: Towards universal health coverage: lessons from 10 years of healthcare reform in China date: 2020-03-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274895-rw5keyos.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274895-rw5keyos.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274895-rw5keyos.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290067-fa0mxvc3 author: Svadzian, Anita title: Global health degrees: at what cost? date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290067-fa0mxvc3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290067-fa0mxvc3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-290067-fa0mxvc3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339121-w16e8lw1 author: Ebuenyi, Ikenna D title: COVID-19 as social disability: the opportunity of social empathy for empowerment date: 2020-08-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339121-w16e8lw1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339121-w16e8lw1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339121-w16e8lw1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325474-iikfjqz5 author: Guerra, Carlos A title: Malaria vector control in sub-Saharan Africa in the time of COVID-19: no room for complacency date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325474-iikfjqz5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325474-iikfjqz5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325474-iikfjqz5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295450-ca7ll1tt author: Jia, Peng title: Early warning of epidemics: towards a national intelligent syndromic surveillance system (NISSS) in China date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295450-ca7ll1tt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295450-ca7ll1tt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295450-ca7ll1tt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351083-3oy7zuy9 author: Rashid, Sabina Faiz title: Towards a socially just model: balancing hunger and response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351083-3oy7zuy9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351083-3oy7zuy9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-351083-3oy7zuy9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252843-vd81pftu author: Doherty, Tanya title: Building back from the ground up: the vital role of communities date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252843-vd81pftu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252843-vd81pftu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252843-vd81pftu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283555-pgel6i3y author: Chan, Tak Kwong title: Universal masking for COVID-19: evidence, ethics and recommendations date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283555-pgel6i3y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283555-pgel6i3y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283555-pgel6i3y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260985-ria9v2p6 author: McDarby, Geraldine title: The global pool of simulation exercise materials in health emergency preparedness and response: a scoping review with a health system perspective date: 2019-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260985-ria9v2p6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260985-ria9v2p6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-260985-ria9v2p6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321299-h6pcatvx author: Hanson, Claudia title: Health system redesign for equity in maternal and newborn health must be codesigned, country led, adapted to context and fit for purpose date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321299-h6pcatvx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321299-h6pcatvx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321299-h6pcatvx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335004-vw6up31u author: McDiarmid, Melissa title: Duty of care and health worker protections in the age of Ebola: lessons from Médecins Sans Frontières date: 2019-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335004-vw6up31u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335004-vw6up31u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335004-vw6up31u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335373-17tcikxl author: Paul, Elisabeth title: COVID-19: time for paradigm shift in the nexus between local, national and global health date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335373-17tcikxl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335373-17tcikxl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335373-17tcikxl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272195-c4xypzdx author: Alahmad, Barrak title: COVID-19 stressors on migrant workers in Kuwait: cumulative risk considerations date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272195-c4xypzdx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272195-c4xypzdx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272195-c4xypzdx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320127-55h4hhm3 author: Mazingi, Dennis title: Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on children's surgery in Africa date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320127-55h4hhm3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320127-55h4hhm3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320127-55h4hhm3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268279-umlqh0q4 author: Wenham, Clare title: Cuba y seguridad sanitaria mundial: Cuba’s role in global health security date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268279-umlqh0q4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268279-umlqh0q4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268279-umlqh0q4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328115-tjxt88vd author: Jackson-Morris, Angela title: Tailored support for national NCD policy and programme implementation: an over-looked priority date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328115-tjxt88vd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328115-tjxt88vd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328115-tjxt88vd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285027-40ciukd7 author: Jalloh, Mohamed F title: Impact of Ebola experiences and risk perceptions on mental health in Sierra Leone, July 2015 date: 2018-03-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285027-40ciukd7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285027-40ciukd7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-285027-40ciukd7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355523-zol0k94p author: Hill-Cawthorne, Grant title: Advancing Planetary Health in Australia: focus on emerging infections and antimicrobial resistance date: 2019-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355523-zol0k94p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355523-zol0k94p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355523-zol0k94p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316855-4ua7ohkq author: Druetz, Thomas title: Effects of terrorist attacks on access to maternal healthcare services: a national longitudinal study in Burkina Faso date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316855-4ua7ohkq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316855-4ua7ohkq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-316855-4ua7ohkq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330343-p7a8chn4 author: Kelly-Cirino, Cassandra title: An updated roadmap for MERS-CoV research and product development: focus on diagnostics date: 2019-02-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330343-p7a8chn4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330343-p7a8chn4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330343-p7a8chn4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329016-w95typ7k author: Chow, Clara Kayei title: Availability and affordability of medicines and cardiovascular outcomes in 21 high-income, middle-income and low-income countries date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329016-w95typ7k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329016-w95typ7k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-329016-w95typ7k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258570-3n7jp0l0 author: Baatiema, Leonard title: Community health workers in Ghana: the need for greater policy attention date: 2016-12-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258570-3n7jp0l0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258570-3n7jp0l0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258570-3n7jp0l0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283485-xit6najq author: Van Damme, Wim title: The COVID-19 pandemic: diverse contexts; different epidemics—how and why? date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283485-xit6najq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283485-xit6najq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283485-xit6najq.txt' Que is empty; done journal-bmjGlobHealth-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266780-dwmfayaz author = Saad, Neil J. title = The Al Hol camp in Northeast Syria: health and humanitarian challenges date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2038 sentences = 127 flesch = 56 summary = 1 2 In the Northwest of the country, in the Idlib and Northern Aleppo governorates, four million people, of which two-thirds are displaced from other parts of Syria, are currently in the midst of a humanitarian crisis due to a military campaign by Syrian and Russian government forces. The Al Hol camp, close to the Syria-Iraq border, was initially set up by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees during the 1991 Gulf war for approximately 15 000 people and it expanded further during the US invasion of Iraq in the early 2000s. 9 10 Generally, newcomers first stay at a reception area and remain there until allocated a shelter and being Summary box ► Al Hol camp is the largest refugee/internally displaced people camp in Northeast Syria. In the harsh conditions of the Al Hol camp, international NGOs, United Nations agencies and local authorities worked towards improving people's living conditions and supporting their basic needs. cache = ./cache/cord-266780-dwmfayaz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266780-dwmfayaz.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274895-rw5keyos author = Tao, Wenjuan title = Towards universal health coverage: lessons from 10 years of healthcare reform in China date = 2020-03-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5047 sentences = 284 flesch = 51 summary = However, much of the early research focused solely on the first 3-year reform after 2009 in China, summary box ► Continued political support is the most important enabling condition for achieving universal health coverage (UHC). 42 43 Under the goal of achieving UHC, China concentrated on establishing the four systems (ie, public health service system, medical service system, health insurance system, and drug supply and security system), based on the eight functional mechanisms that could provide essential supports. There were five reform priorities: (1) accelerating the establishment of a basic health insurance system; (2) establishing a preliminary national essential drug system; (3) improving the primary care delivery system to provide basic healthcare; (4) making basic public health services (BPHS) available and equal for all; and (5) piloting public hospital reforms. cache = ./cache/cord-274895-rw5keyos.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274895-rw5keyos.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290067-fa0mxvc3 author = Svadzian, Anita title = Global health degrees: at what cost? date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3480 sentences = 191 flesch = 60 summary = Results for average tuition fees for Master's degrees in global or international health are displayed in table 2. The data presented suggest that there may be a disconnect between where global health training is needed most versus where the degree programmes are currently offered. This would vary a lot, depending on the country and cost of living and what financial aid or fellowships To this extent, we hope global health degree programmes will be transparent about diversity in their student body and provide information on what proportion of their LMIC students receive tuition waivers or fellowships. We also need data on what proportion of the LMIC students in these degrees get full tuition fee waivers. Fee waivers may also represent a form of reparation, given the colonial and extractive origins of many HIC universities and global/ public health schools. It is disappointing that distance education global health degrees still cost about US$20 000 for international students. cache = ./cache/cord-290067-fa0mxvc3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290067-fa0mxvc3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272965-l0d7rgt0 author = Turcotte-Tremblay, Anne-Marie title = Global health is more than just ‘Public Health Somewhere Else’ date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1969 sentences = 117 flesch = 54 summary = ► King and Koski's definition of global health may exacerbate inequities by reserving the right to call oneself a global health researcher to those who are privileged and have access to funding that enables them to travel to other settings. Moreover, King and Koski's 1 definition is not adequate because some global health initiatives are aimed at finding solutions to domestic problems, whether it be in a high, middle or low-income country. 6 7 There are examples of global health research and interventions where countries and communities have worked collaboratively and shared expertise, cultural knowledge and other resources to develop appropriate and effective solutions. 6 11 12 Recognising global health as a field in its own right is crucial to ensure there are dedicated resources for training and forums where the global health community can exchange and share knowledge, so that best practices can be further promoted, especially among students and emerging researchers and practitioners. cache = ./cache/cord-272965-l0d7rgt0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272965-l0d7rgt0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285083-nkrw2sad author = Khosla, Rajat title = Global health and human rights for a postpandemic world date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2163 sentences = 127 flesch = 60 summary = For we, those working on health and human rights in global spaces and beyond, need to reflect on our values, our standards, our institutions, our mechanisms, and ask if we are fit for purpose. 9 Failing to explicitly address human rights concerns not only continues to jeopardise the response to this pandemic, but the future of global health. 10 Many scholarly writings, reflecting on the determinants of the current pandemic, point to our failure to approach global health as 'commons' as the beginning of our collective descent. In the words of Jonathan Mann, 'time is now for us to come together as "equal partners in the belief that the world can change".' 15 Twitter Pascale Allotey @PascaleAllotey Contributors The manuscript is a result of discussions towards foundational work on the future of human rights in health. cache = ./cache/cord-285083-nkrw2sad.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285083-nkrw2sad.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281543-ivhr2no3 author = Richardson, Eugene T title = Pandemicity, COVID-19 and the limits of public health ‘science’ date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1881 sentences = 132 flesch = 56 summary = 17 In the case of Ebola outbreak in West Africa, epidemiologists attributed amplified transmission to local populations' beliefs in misinformation or their 'strange' funerary practices-in essence, diverting the public's gaze from legacies of the transatlantic slave trade (or Maafa), 18 colonialism, 19 indirect rule, 20 structural adjustment 21 and extractive foreign companies as determinants. 40 As they start to sift back through the determinative web of human rights abuses-that is, the pathologies of power 41that set the stage for these health inequalities, they may begin to see that they contribute a great deal to the production and reproduction of structural injustice because of the social position they occupy and the violence that has been committed in their names. Mathematical modeling of the West Africa Ebola epidemic cache = ./cache/cord-281543-ivhr2no3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281543-ivhr2no3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011992-jgw3nat2 author = Srinivas, Prashanth Nuggehalli title = “Together we move a mountain”: celebrating a decade of the Emerging Voices for Global Health network date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2161 sentences = 87 flesch = 50 summary = The EV4GH programme deliberately selects a cohort of 30-40 early career researchers in health systems, living or working in lowincome and middle-income countries and with an interest to engage critically on global health issues that have local relevance within their country/local health systems. The collective engagement every 2 years during the biennial global health systems symposia enables community-building and several EV4GH alumni have taken on leadership roles within our network and within the broader HPSR community and beyond. Some have become elected members of the HSG board, and others have taken the lead in managing other thematic working groups within HSG, and many others participate actively in other regional and global events while coordinating with fellow EV4GH alumni in such fora, leveraging the membership in the network to seek wider change in the health systems and global health community. cache = ./cache/cord-011992-jgw3nat2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011992-jgw3nat2.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268279-umlqh0q4 author = Wenham, Clare title = Cuba y seguridad sanitaria mundial: Cuba’s role in global health security date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6124 sentences = 269 flesch = 44 summary = These concern Cuba's visibility and participation in the broader global health security architecture, the social controls exercised by the state in managing disease threats in Cuban territory, and the resource constraints facing the island—in particular, the effects of the US embargo. These concern Cuba's visibility and participation in the broader global health security architecture, the social controls exercised by the state in managing disease threats in Cuban territory, and the resource constraints facing the island-in particular, the effects of the US embargo. We consider this to be the most apparent embodiment of Cuban health security activities internationally, where the state appears to be supporting response efforts for emerging pathogens by providing human resources and technical expertise within outbreak response, and health systems capacity-building elsewhere in the world, such as the training of international medical professionals. cache = ./cache/cord-268279-umlqh0q4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268279-umlqh0q4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260985-ria9v2p6 author = McDarby, Geraldine title = The global pool of simulation exercise materials in health emergency preparedness and response: a scoping review with a health system perspective date = 2019-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4748 sentences = 237 flesch = 40 summary = Given the important implications health services resilience has for the protection and improvement of human life, this scoping review was undertaken to determine how the publicly available body of existing global SimEx materials considers health systems, together with health security functions in the event of disruptive emergencies. Given the important implications health services resilience has for the protection and improvement of human life, this scoping review was undertaken to determine how the publicly available body of existing global SimEx materials considers health systems, together with health security functions in the event of disruptive emergencies. SimEx are also an ideal opportunity to test preparedness of the various functions of the health system, particularly health service delivery, in response to PHEs. This would contribute to the development of strong linkages between health systems and health security sectors supporting an integrated approach towards building resilient health systems. cache = ./cache/cord-260985-ria9v2p6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260985-ria9v2p6.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258570-3n7jp0l0 author = Baatiema, Leonard title = Community health workers in Ghana: the need for greater policy attention date = 2016-12-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6705 sentences = 368 flesch = 51 summary = We argue that CHWs have played critical roles in improving health service delivery and outcomes, including guinea worm eradication, expanded immunisation coverage, maternal and child health, and HIV/AIDS treatment and management. Despite the general consensus about the importance of CHWs among the global health community, health policy interventions to recognise and support optimal delivery of healthcare by CHWs are lacking, especially in LMICs. In Ghana, although a number of studies and reports have highlighted CHWs' activities, 16 19 20 there is inadequate health policy support for them. Ambiguity further abounds in the mainstream literature on the characterisation of CHWs. 21 However, during the recent United States Agency for International Development (USAID) CHW Evidence Summit, there was some consensus that a CHW is "A health worker who receives standardized training outside the formal nursing or medical curricula to deliver a range of basic health, promotional, educational, and mobilization services and has a defined role within the community system and larger health system". cache = ./cache/cord-258570-3n7jp0l0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258570-3n7jp0l0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316855-4ua7ohkq author = Druetz, Thomas title = Effects of terrorist attacks on access to maternal healthcare services: a national longitudinal study in Burkina Faso date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6096 sentences = 368 flesch = 50 summary = title: Effects of terrorist attacks on access to maternal healthcare services: a national longitudinal study in Burkina Faso Negative binomial regression models were fitted with fixed effects to isolate the immediate and long-term effects of terrorist attacks on three outcomes (antenatal care visits, of facility deliveries and of cesarean sections). A quasi-experimental study was therefore designed to (1) assess the immediate effects of terrorist attacks on access to maternal healthcare in Burkina Faso and (2) evaluate the longitudinal effects in communes affected by incremental levels of insecurity, defined here by the cumulative frequency of attacks. This is a longitudinal quasi-experimental study that used multiple (pooled) interrupted time-series analysis BMJ Global Health to evaluate the effects of terrorist attacks on access to maternal healthcare services at the level of the lowest administrative unit (ie, the commune). cache = ./cache/cord-316855-4ua7ohkq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316855-4ua7ohkq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285027-40ciukd7 author = Jalloh, Mohamed F title = Impact of Ebola experiences and risk perceptions on mental health in Sierra Leone, July 2015 date = 2018-03-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4890 sentences = 251 flesch = 50 summary = We assessed symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the general population in Sierra Leone after over a year of outbreak response. ► To the best of our knowledge, the assessment was the first national survey that examined the impact of the devastating Ebola epidemic on populationlevel mental health using globally validated scales, and conducted after more than a year of ongoing transmission of Ebola in the country. 25 26 Known risk factors for anxiety, depression and PTSDincluding experience with ill individuals, perceptions of threat, high levels of mortality, food and resource insecurity, stigma and discrimination, and intolerance of uncertainty-may have been experienced by people in Sierra Leone during the Ebola epidemic. Table 4 presents multivariate analyses of the associations between Ebola experience and perceived Ebola threat and symptoms of anxiety and depression and PTSD, adjusting for gender, age, region and education levels. cache = ./cache/cord-285027-40ciukd7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285027-40ciukd7.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283485-xit6najq author = Van Damme, Wim title = The COVID-19 pandemic: diverse contexts; different epidemics—how and why? date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9627 sentences = 633 flesch = 53 summary = Since its emergence in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread to nearly all countries of the world in only a few months. 4 It was soon discovered that the virus is easily transmitted, can cause Summary box ► Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread to nearly all countries of the world in only a few months. 88 Box 2 On the use of mathematical models during epidemics A dominant way of studying the transmission dynamics of an infectious disease such as COVID-19, and predicting the amplitude and peak of the epidemic in a population (city, province, country) and analysing the effect of control measures is using mathematical models. cache = ./cache/cord-283485-xit6najq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283485-xit6najq.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252843-vd81pftu author = Doherty, Tanya title = Building back from the ground up: the vital role of communities date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2001 sentences = 106 flesch = 45 summary = Governments in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) followed the approaches adopted by the Global North and advocated by international bodies such as the WHO, and instituted varying degrees of nationwide stay at home orders (lockdowns) from strict restrictions (such as in South Africa, India and Zimbabwe) to weakly enforced lockdown as in Brazil. ► Investing in community cadres and organisations has the potential to build social solidarity, mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and strengthen intersectoral collaboration and safety nets for future crises. While LMIC governments have focussed almost exclusively on reducing COVID-19 case numbers, many communities organised themselves with 'ground-up' mitigation measures to address the worsening unintended effects. The intense lockdown periods and burden of COVID-19-related illness have revealed the inadequacies of strained, under-resourced public health facilities, and in some instances inept LMIC governments' responses to crises; and the critical role of resilient, mobilised community structures. cache = ./cache/cord-252843-vd81pftu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252843-vd81pftu.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295450-ca7ll1tt author = Jia, Peng title = Early warning of epidemics: towards a national intelligent syndromic surveillance system (NISSS) in China date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2500 sentences = 108 flesch = 41 summary = The outbreak of the COVID-19 has further advanced the demand for an intelligent disease reporting system, also known as the national intelligent syndromic surveillance system (NISSS), 1 which would be able to analyse these suspected cases on the basis of prior knowledge and real-time information before a disease is confirmed clinically and in the laboratory. ► Literature databases containing valuable research findings and knowledge and internet activity data reflecting cyber user awareness should be incorporated into the NISSS in a real-time way for warning or fighting the epidemic. ► The International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), a global health collaborative research network, has committed to working with multiple stakeholders to codevelop the NISSS in China. Such data-sharing mechanisms and infrastructures would also facilitate timely spatial epidemiological research on the basis of individual-level infected cases linked with respective location data from mobile service providers and/or smartphone-based apps without violating confidentiality requirements. cache = ./cache/cord-295450-ca7ll1tt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295450-ca7ll1tt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283555-pgel6i3y author = Chan, Tak Kwong title = Universal masking for COVID-19: evidence, ethics and recommendations date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3007 sentences = 185 flesch = 59 summary = ► There is no shortage of mechanistic evidence and observational studies that affirmed the benefits of wearing a face mask in the community, which should drive urgent public health policy while we await the results of further research. 1 There is limited clinical evidence that wearing a disposable face mask, enhancing hand hygiene practice or social distancing can reduce transmission of respiratory viral infections in the community, 2 3 although there is mechanistic basis for these measures to work. I aim to provide further clarification of the evidence and ethics on this issue (which can provide grounds alternative and/or supplementary to the precautionary principle applied by Greenhalgh et al) and make a plea to the World Health Organisation (WHO) and policy makers to reformulate current recommendations with a view to enhancing the practice of wearing a face mask in the community. While social distancing and hand washing form the main recommendations, there is no shortage of mechanistic evidence and observational studies that affirmed the benefits of wearing a face mask in the community. cache = ./cache/cord-283555-pgel6i3y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283555-pgel6i3y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272195-c4xypzdx author = Alahmad, Barrak title = COVID-19 stressors on migrant workers in Kuwait: cumulative risk considerations date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3281 sentences = 198 flesch = 49 summary = Local authorities and employers must act quickly to stop the spread, ensure easy access to testing and treatment, provide adequate housing and clear communication, encourage wide social support, safeguard financial protection and mental well-being and continuously re-evaluate the situation as more data are collected. 1 In many countries, migrant workers are recognised as one of the most vulnerable subpopulations, as they: (1) often are excluded from protections provided by public policies; (2) frequently take precarious jobs with less pay and longer hours; (3) often work in unsafe working conditions with little occupational safety and health (OSH) training; and (4) grapple with major cultural and language barriers. 5 6 This work investigates the multiple stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic on migrant workers by applying a holistic CRA framework, using Kuwait as an example. Migrant workers who are in non-essential businesses that remain closed could Figure 1 A cumulative risk assessment framework for occupational health and safety with four overlapping domains described by Fox et al. cache = ./cache/cord-272195-c4xypzdx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272195-c4xypzdx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335004-vw6up31u author = McDiarmid, Melissa title = Duty of care and health worker protections in the age of Ebola: lessons from Médecins Sans Frontières date = 2019-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2428 sentences = 156 flesch = 53 summary = ► Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) health workers had a much lower incidence rate of 4.3/1000, explained as the result of MSF's 'duty of care' toward staff safety. ► Adopting and consistently enforcing these broader, duty of care safety policies in deployed teams augments and fortifies standard infection prevention practices, creating a more protective, comprehensive safety programme. analySeS oF HealTH rISkS relaTed To THe job propoSed Months before the WHO declared the Ebola outbreak an international public health emergency in August 2014, MSF teams were already deployed to multiple sites in the affected West Africa region, providing patient care, contact tracing, community outreach and logistical support to the Ebola response. The briefings and training for prospective international Ebola staff emphasise specific sanitation and infection prevention and control (IPC) work practices, which limit exposure to infectious body fluids or objects. provIdIng FolloW-up For any IllneSS or Work-relaTed Injury Staff illness, including suspected Ebola cases, are managed by the team-based health focal point (Action 4). cache = ./cache/cord-335004-vw6up31u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335004-vw6up31u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339121-w16e8lw1 author = Ebuenyi, Ikenna D title = COVID-19 as social disability: the opportunity of social empathy for empowerment date = 2020-08-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1704 sentences = 101 flesch = 42 summary = 4 6 The COVID-19 experience may offer contextual experience of the prepandemic lives of persons with disabilities and in doing so foster greater social responsibility and opportunities for change and a more inclusive society. Summary box ► COVID-19 has conferred new experiential knowledge on society and a rare opportunity to better understand the social model of disability and to improve the lives of persons with disabilities. ► The COVID-19 experience may offer contextual knowledge of the prepandemic lives of persons with disabilities and foster greater social awareness, responsibility and opportunities for change towards a more inclusive society. ► We have learnt from COVID-19 that inclusive healthcare and universal access should be the new normal, that its provision as a social good is both unifying and empowering for society as a whole. We have a rare opportunity to understand and better the lives of persons with disabilities for whom some aspects of the COVID-19 experience are enduring. cache = ./cache/cord-339121-w16e8lw1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339121-w16e8lw1.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351083-3oy7zuy9 author = Rashid, Sabina Faiz title = Towards a socially just model: balancing hunger and response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2147 sentences = 118 flesch = 57 summary = ► Responsive and timely research is needed to better understand the challenges faced by poor and vulnerable populations to inform immediate interventions and policies to address this unprecedented COVID-19 modern-day pandemic. ► In the context of COVID-19, the lockdown model is being imported from a different context (western or developed economies) with stronger economic bases and better social safety nets for those in need, but is there a better way forward for low resource contexts? While there is no easy solution or strategy, for Bangladesh and its high proportion of vulnerable populations, continuation of the shutdown has to be accompanied with strong political resolve to ensure that people do not go without food BMJ Global Health and have basic health information and support, given the grounded realities of their lives. cache = ./cache/cord-351083-3oy7zuy9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351083-3oy7zuy9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321299-h6pcatvx author = Hanson, Claudia title = Health system redesign for equity in maternal and newborn health must be codesigned, country led, adapted to context and fit for purpose date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2238 sentences = 112 flesch = 54 summary = 2 The authors suggest that all childbirth care services should be moved to hospitals in all countries, combined with improvements in (1) the quality of care provided in these facilities; (2) transportation from home to hospital; and (3) continuity of care through hub-and-spoke arrangements. First, Roder-DeWan and colleagues propose that the present strategy of promoting childbirth care in primary health facilities may be the primary reason for improvements in maternal and newborn survival being less than anticipated. 19 However, midwifery-led birthing facilities equipped with functioning ambulance able to make transfers to a hospital with caesarean section services may be a less BMJ Global Health complex and more flexible approach; more responsive to the needs of women and their families. Maternal and perinatal outcomes by planned place of birth among women with low-risk pregnancies in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-321299-h6pcatvx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321299-h6pcatvx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335373-17tcikxl author = Paul, Elisabeth title = COVID-19: time for paradigm shift in the nexus between local, national and global health date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3703 sentences = 229 flesch = 54 summary = ► The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered unprecedented measures worldwide, which have often been adopted in an 'emergency' mode and are largely reactionary ► Alternatively, COVID-19 needs to be appraised as part of a much bigger health picture, adopting a "systems approach" that enables interactions with other acknowledged and preventable health conditions, which often receive disproportionately low attention ► To do so requires a paradigm shift in global health governance, from a specific reactional paradigm to a systemic, coordinated and preventive paradigm ► It is necessary to adopt a holistic approach to health reflecting both a security approach and a health development approach, tackling upstream causes and determinants, aimed at helping populations reduce their individual risk factors and augment their natural immunity ► Such preventive health policies must be tailored to local specificities and local environments, and health systems must be strengthened at the local level so as to be able to respond to population needs and expectations ► The current crisis calls for a paradigm shift in public and global health policies; and in the in the nexus between local, national and global health policies and systems cache = ./cache/cord-335373-17tcikxl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335373-17tcikxl.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325474-iikfjqz5 author = Guerra, Carlos A title = Malaria vector control in sub-Saharan Africa in the time of COVID-19: no room for complacency date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2320 sentences = 130 flesch = 50 summary = Perhaps most importantly, the increasing demand for resources to curb COVID-19 and the curtailment of economic activities driven by the pandemic could lead to substantial reductions in government revenues, 3 undermining their ability to finance essential social services, including life-saving malaria vector control interventions. The scaling-up of vector control, chiefly insecticide-treated nets (ITN) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), was the main driver for the significant reductions of malaria burden in SSA in the past two decades. ► In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the COVID-19 pandemic could cause major disruptions to the delivery of malaria vector control interventions. For instance, in Nigeria, the SSA country with the highest population at risk of malaria (>200 million people), only 11.1% of the 22.7 million nets in the Box 1 Strategies required for sustaining malaria vector control interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic ► Ensure that funding for malaria control activities remains in place considering increased demand of additional resources to carry out activities. cache = ./cache/cord-325474-iikfjqz5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325474-iikfjqz5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330343-p7a8chn4 author = Kelly-Cirino, Cassandra title = An updated roadmap for MERS-CoV research and product development: focus on diagnostics date = 2019-02-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5812 sentences = 274 flesch = 40 summary = ► Diagnostic research and development (R&D) needs to include point-of-care testing options, syndromic panels for differential diagnosis, a greater understanding of viral and antibody kinetics, improved access to clinical specimens, and establishment of international reference standards. Diagnostics play a central role in the early detection and control of outbreaks and can enable a more nuanced understanding of the disease kinetics and risk factors for the Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), one of the high-priority pathogens identified by the WHO. Diagnostics play a central role in the early detection and control of outbreaks and can enable a more nuanced understanding of the disease kinetics and risk factors for the Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), one of the high-priority pathogens identified by the WHO. In this review we identified sources for molecular and serological diagnostic tests used in MERS-CoV detection, case management and outbreak investigations, as well as surveillance for humans and animals (camels), and summarised the performance of currently available tests, diagnostic needs, and associated challenges for diagnostic test development and implementation. cache = ./cache/cord-330343-p7a8chn4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330343-p7a8chn4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355523-zol0k94p author = Hill-Cawthorne, Grant title = Advancing Planetary Health in Australia: focus on emerging infections and antimicrobial resistance date = 2019-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4374 sentences = 251 flesch = 35 summary = To clarify and advance the Planetary Health agenda within Australia, specifically in relation to emerging infectious diseases (EID) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), national experts and key stakeholders were invited to a facilitated workshop. To clarify and advance the Planetary Health agenda within Australia, specifically in relation to emerging infectious diseases (EID) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), national experts and key stakeholders were invited to a facilitated workshop. 7 However, a national summary box ► The emergence and spread of infectious diseases, including antimicrobial-resistant infections, pose a major health security threat. 34 The Australian National Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy 2015-2019, jointly developed by the Departments of Health and Agriculture and Water Resources, represents an example of how these silos can be linked, 35 but implementation remains challenging. Australian doctors prescribe more than twice the amount (in defined daily doses per 1000 population per day) of antibiotics compared with their counterparts in the BMJ Global Health Table 3 Responses to open-ended questions on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) cache = ./cache/cord-355523-zol0k94p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355523-zol0k94p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329016-w95typ7k author = Chow, Clara Kayei title = Availability and affordability of medicines and cardiovascular outcomes in 21 high-income, middle-income and low-income countries date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5150 sentences = 231 flesch = 46 summary = OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the relationship between access to medicine for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among people at high risk of CVD in high-income countries (HICs), upper and lower middle-income countries (UMICs, LMICs) and low-income countries (LICs) participating in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. 8 PURE recruited participants from different HICs, middle-income countries and LICs, making it possible to investigate the impact of availability and affordability of CVD medicines on adverse health outcomes across communities at varying economic levels. The medicines studied in this paper have been shown to be effective in primary and secondary prevention of CVD events and to reduce mortality, and are recommended in most clinical guidelines but were unavailable in a large proportion of communities in LICs and middle-income countries and even when available they were not always affordable. Availability and affordability of cardiovascular disease medicines and their effect on use in highincome, middle-income, and low-income countries: an analysis of the pure study data cache = ./cache/cord-329016-w95typ7k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329016-w95typ7k.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328115-tjxt88vd author = Jackson-Morris, Angela title = Tailored support for national NCD policy and programme implementation: an over-looked priority date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3789 sentences = 186 flesch = 37 summary = ► Tailored technical support can empower national stakeholders to put investment cases into operation by partnering local expertise with specialist guidance for specific policies and programmes, using implementation science to surmount implementation obstacles and building national NCD capacity. Thus, a country may use an investment case to review and reprioritise an existing strategy; some countries may have stronger NCD stakeholder capacity and may not need to address this; some may have sustainable funding mechanisms under development yet can beneficially align these to the newly identified priority interventions and revised strategy. 21 Thus, an investment case may identify a specific intervention as a cost-effective priority based on national data; implementation research can then indicate how this may impact population groups differently and suggest ways BMJ Global Health that the implementation process and supporting actions should be tailored. cache = ./cache/cord-328115-tjxt88vd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328115-tjxt88vd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320127-55h4hhm3 author = Mazingi, Dennis title = Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on children's surgery in Africa date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2671 sentences = 159 flesch = 46 summary = 13 The COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented strain on health services around the world, and paediatric surgical services are no exception. During the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-1 outbreak in Toronto, stringent restrictions on non-essential surgical services were thought to have aggravated precipitous declines in surgical volume, with only small increases in surge capacity for the outbreak. 42 Paediatric care in Africa is typically characterised by significant involvement by guardians and other family members who support the child during hospital admission, assist the overburdened healthcare workforce and act as care advocates. A recent global review of paediatric surgical workforce density showed that a minimum of four paediatric surgeons per million children under 15 years of age would be required to achieve a survival of >80% for a group of four bellwether paediatric surgical conditions. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review cache = ./cache/cord-320127-55h4hhm3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320127-55h4hhm3.txt ===== Reducing email addresses Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords cord-272991-opvs2ejd cord-266780-dwmfayaz cord-011855-0vetk6jd cord-290067-fa0mxvc3 cord-274895-rw5keyos cord-272965-l0d7rgt0 cord-012040-24112w2j cord-285083-nkrw2sad cord-011992-jgw3nat2 cord-281543-ivhr2no3 cord-268279-umlqh0q4 cord-258570-3n7jp0l0 cord-260985-ria9v2p6 cord-298073-0n0i2b7o cord-316855-4ua7ohkq cord-294784-r84td2i0 cord-285027-40ciukd7 cord-306184-wfvc35l5 cord-315744-nr0fu2qb cord-283485-xit6najq cord-295450-ca7ll1tt cord-272195-c4xypzdx cord-252843-vd81pftu cord-283555-pgel6i3y cord-343881-0i3rfpvd cord-339121-w16e8lw1 cord-335373-17tcikxl cord-325474-iikfjqz5 cord-325396-ot7pvexv cord-351083-3oy7zuy9 cord-257765-ljt9rn8z cord-321299-h6pcatvx cord-335004-vw6up31u cord-314699-5b4toeik cord-330343-p7a8chn4 cord-355523-zol0k94p cord-329016-w95typ7k cord-355919-e8fhlo37 cord-328115-tjxt88vd cord-320127-55h4hhm3 Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-011992-jgw3nat2 cord-343881-0i3rfpvd cord-257765-ljt9rn8z cord-335373-17tcikxl Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-266780-dwmfayaz cord-011855-0vetk6jd cord-274895-rw5keyos cord-272991-opvs2ejd cord-012040-24112w2j cord-290067-fa0mxvc3 cord-272965-l0d7rgt0 cord-285083-nkrw2sad cord-011992-jgw3nat2 cord-281543-ivhr2no3 cord-268279-umlqh0q4 cord-260985-ria9v2p6 cord-258570-3n7jp0l0 cord-298073-0n0i2b7o cord-315744-nr0fu2qb cord-285027-40ciukd7 cord-316855-4ua7ohkq cord-294784-r84td2i0 cord-306184-wfvc35l5 cord-283485-xit6najq cord-295450-ca7ll1tt cord-272195-c4xypzdx cord-252843-vd81pftu cord-283555-pgel6i3y cord-343881-0i3rfpvd cord-335004-vw6up31u cord-325396-ot7pvexv cord-339121-w16e8lw1 cord-351083-3oy7zuy9 cord-257765-ljt9rn8z cord-321299-h6pcatvx cord-314699-5b4toeik cord-335373-17tcikxl cord-325474-iikfjqz5 cord-329016-w95typ7k cord-330343-p7a8chn4 cord-355523-zol0k94p cord-328115-tjxt88vd cord-320127-55h4hhm3 cord-355919-e8fhlo37 Creating transaction Updating ent table ===== Reducing parts of speech cord-266780-dwmfayaz cord-011855-0vetk6jd cord-272991-opvs2ejd cord-290067-fa0mxvc3 cord-012040-24112w2j cord-272965-l0d7rgt0 cord-274895-rw5keyos cord-285083-nkrw2sad cord-281543-ivhr2no3 cord-011992-jgw3nat2 cord-268279-umlqh0q4 cord-298073-0n0i2b7o cord-260985-ria9v2p6 cord-258570-3n7jp0l0 cord-316855-4ua7ohkq cord-285027-40ciukd7 cord-294784-r84td2i0 cord-306184-wfvc35l5 cord-272195-c4xypzdx cord-252843-vd81pftu cord-295450-ca7ll1tt cord-283555-pgel6i3y cord-283485-xit6najq cord-343881-0i3rfpvd cord-335004-vw6up31u cord-257765-ljt9rn8z cord-339121-w16e8lw1 cord-325396-ot7pvexv cord-321299-h6pcatvx cord-351083-3oy7zuy9 cord-314699-5b4toeik cord-325474-iikfjqz5 cord-335373-17tcikxl cord-330343-p7a8chn4 cord-329016-w95typ7k cord-355523-zol0k94p cord-355919-e8fhlo37 cord-328115-tjxt88vd cord-315744-nr0fu2qb cord-320127-55h4hhm3 Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-283485-xit6najq cord-355919-e8fhlo37 cord-258570-3n7jp0l0 cord-294784-r84td2i0 cord-290067-fa0mxvc3 cord-268279-umlqh0q4 number of items: 40 sum of words: 104,054 average size in words: 3,716 average readability score: 49 nouns: health; countries; care; system; community; healthcare; data; disease; research; pandemic; services; study; response; risk; transmission; income; workers; outbreak; systems; use; security; control; access; case; time; people; policy; infection; analysis; population; medicines; cases; evidence; coronavirus; level; review; impact; development; epidemic; virus; quality; chws; work; country; measures; effects; policies; patients; authors; information verbs: including; used; provided; based; make; reduce; identifies; supporting; increased; required; give; reported; need; develop; showed; led; remain; improving; implement; take; living; ensuring; worked; following; affected; conducted; addressed; suggested; testing; existing; associated; build; see; relating; known; contributed; achieve; emerged; compared; distributed; consider; defined; strengthen; involved; find; declared; create; receive; assessed; understand adjectives: global; public; social; national; human; many; high; respiratory; new; different; available; low; medical; covid-19; international; primary; non; maternal; essential; key; effective; clinical; important; specific; first; infectious; middle; current; universal; local; lower; mental; open; higher; severe; financial; poor; large; economic; critical; limited; cuban; migrant; potential; possible; general; early; collective; several; acute adverbs: also; however; well; even; often; now; especially; still; particularly; therefore; globally; first; already; rather; less; together; moreover; significantly; potentially; directly; rapidly; properly; just; currently; largely; indeed; widely; recently; yet; second; better; typically; worldwide; non; nearly; likely; generally; commercially; least; externally; almost; usually; much; long; highly; quickly; prior; frequently; far; substantially pronouns: we; their; it; they; our; its; them; i; us; themselves; itself; you; her; your; my; she; me; his; he; one; thee; oneself; thy; thine; ourselves; infection; cord-325396-ot7pvexv; 's proper nouns: Health; COVID-19; Ebola; China; Africa; Global; MERS; SARS; BMJ; Cuba; World; Ghana; EVD; CoV; CoV-2; WHO; UHC; East; ACoDD; NCD; FCP; org/; Organization; Middle; CVD; CI; Sierra; Faso; Burkina; Leone; International; South; HIV; SimEx; West; National; http://; Development; Glob; PTSD; United; IFR; Republic; India; Research; US; LMIC; sha; Disease; Asia keywords: health; covid-19; ebola; global; china; africa; worker; transmission; system; sars; evd; disease; care; uhc; syria; south; social; sierra; security; right; respiratory; research; reform; pure; ptsd; priority; poor; phone; pacific; nisss; ncd; msf; model; mobile; mnh; middle; mers; medicine; material; mask; manager; kuwait; itn; irs; investment; income; ifr; hiv; hic; governance one topic; one dimension: health file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32694220/ titles(s): The Al Hol camp in Northeast Syria: health and humanitarian challenges three topics; one dimension: health; health; cov file(s): https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000141, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32978211/, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003098 titles(s): Community health workers in Ghana: the need for greater policy attention | Effects of terrorist attacks on access to maternal healthcare services: a national longitudinal study in Burkina Faso | The COVID-19 pandemic: diverse contexts; different epidemics—how and why? five topics; three dimensions: health covid cov; health covid data; health system security; health global covid; quality surgical medicines file(s): https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003098, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32978211/, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000141, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002967, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003283 titles(s): The COVID-19 pandemic: diverse contexts; different epidemics—how and why? | Effects of terrorist attacks on access to maternal healthcare services: a national longitudinal study in Burkina Faso | Community health workers in Ghana: the need for greater policy attention | Voices from the frontline: findings from a thematic analysis of a rapid online global survey of maternal and newborn health professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic | Europe should lead in coordinated procurement of quality-assured medicines for programmes in low-income and middle-income countries Type: cord title: journal-bmjGlobHealth-cord date: 2021-05-30 time: 15:05 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: facet_journal:"BMJ Glob Health" ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-272195-c4xypzdx author: Alahmad, Barrak title: COVID-19 stressors on migrant workers in Kuwait: cumulative risk considerations date: 2020-07-08 words: 3281.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272195-c4xypzdx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272195-c4xypzdx.txt summary: Local authorities and employers must act quickly to stop the spread, ensure easy access to testing and treatment, provide adequate housing and clear communication, encourage wide social support, safeguard financial protection and mental well-being and continuously re-evaluate the situation as more data are collected. 1 In many countries, migrant workers are recognised as one of the most vulnerable subpopulations, as they: (1) often are excluded from protections provided by public policies; (2) frequently take precarious jobs with less pay and longer hours; (3) often work in unsafe working conditions with little occupational safety and health (OSH) training; and (4) grapple with major cultural and language barriers. 5 6 This work investigates the multiple stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic on migrant workers by applying a holistic CRA framework, using Kuwait as an example. Migrant workers who are in non-essential businesses that remain closed could Figure 1 A cumulative risk assessment framework for occupational health and safety with four overlapping domains described by Fox et al. abstract: As a marginalised subpopulation, migrant workers often fall short from protection by public policies, they take precarious jobs with unsafe working and living conditions and they grapple with cultural and linguistic barriers. In light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, migrant workers are now exposed to additional stressors of the virus and related responses. We applied a comprehensive qualitative cumulative risk assessment framework for migrant workers living in Kuwait. This pandemic could be one of the few examples where the stressors overlap all domains of migrant workers’ lives. No single intervention can solve all the problems; there must be a set of interventions to address all domains. Local authorities and employers must act quickly to stop the spread, ensure easy access to testing and treatment, provide adequate housing and clear communication, encourage wide social support, safeguard financial protection and mental well-being and continuously re-evaluate the situation as more data are collected. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002995 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002995 id: cord-258570-3n7jp0l0 author: Baatiema, Leonard title: Community health workers in Ghana: the need for greater policy attention date: 2016-12-02 words: 6705.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258570-3n7jp0l0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258570-3n7jp0l0.txt summary: We argue that CHWs have played critical roles in improving health service delivery and outcomes, including guinea worm eradication, expanded immunisation coverage, maternal and child health, and HIV/AIDS treatment and management. Despite the general consensus about the importance of CHWs among the global health community, health policy interventions to recognise and support optimal delivery of healthcare by CHWs are lacking, especially in LMICs. In Ghana, although a number of studies and reports have highlighted CHWs'' activities, 16 19 20 there is inadequate health policy support for them. Ambiguity further abounds in the mainstream literature on the characterisation of CHWs. 21 However, during the recent United States Agency for International Development (USAID) CHW Evidence Summit, there was some consensus that a CHW is "A health worker who receives standardized training outside the formal nursing or medical curricula to deliver a range of basic health, promotional, educational, and mobilization services and has a defined role within the community system and larger health system". abstract: From the 1970s to the 1990s, the WHO, United Nations and other agencies mooted the idea of formally training and recognising community health workers (CHWs) to complement efforts to improve primary healthcare delivery in low and middle income countries. Recently, CHWs have been recognised as important players in the achievement of the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Despite this recognition, little understanding exists in Ghana about the activities of CHWs: who they are; how they are recruited; what they do; level of health policy support; contribution to healthcare delivery and the challenges they face. Based on a rapid scoping review of the existing literature, and our experience working in Ghana, this paper reflects on the role of CHWs in healthcare delivery in Ghana. We argue that CHWs have played critical roles in improving health service delivery and outcomes, including guinea worm eradication, expanded immunisation coverage, maternal and child health, and HIV/AIDS treatment and management. However, these achievements notwithstanding, CHWs face challenges which prevent them from being optimally productive, including capacity problems, neglect by the healthcare system, high attrition rates and inadequate supervision. Policymakers in Ghana therefore need to give increased attention to CHWs, provide remuneration for their activities, create career opportunities and other means of motivations to boost their productivity and sustain gains associated with their activities. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000141 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000141 id: cord-283555-pgel6i3y author: Chan, Tak Kwong title: Universal masking for COVID-19: evidence, ethics and recommendations date: 2020-05-26 words: 3007.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283555-pgel6i3y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283555-pgel6i3y.txt summary: ► There is no shortage of mechanistic evidence and observational studies that affirmed the benefits of wearing a face mask in the community, which should drive urgent public health policy while we await the results of further research. 1 There is limited clinical evidence that wearing a disposable face mask, enhancing hand hygiene practice or social distancing can reduce transmission of respiratory viral infections in the community, 2 3 although there is mechanistic basis for these measures to work. I aim to provide further clarification of the evidence and ethics on this issue (which can provide grounds alternative and/or supplementary to the precautionary principle applied by Greenhalgh et al) and make a plea to the World Health Organisation (WHO) and policy makers to reformulate current recommendations with a view to enhancing the practice of wearing a face mask in the community. While social distancing and hand washing form the main recommendations, there is no shortage of mechanistic evidence and observational studies that affirmed the benefits of wearing a face mask in the community. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002819 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002819 id: cord-329016-w95typ7k author: Chow, Clara Kayei title: Availability and affordability of medicines and cardiovascular outcomes in 21 high-income, middle-income and low-income countries date: 2020-11-03 words: 5150.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329016-w95typ7k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329016-w95typ7k.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the relationship between access to medicine for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among people at high risk of CVD in high-income countries (HICs), upper and lower middle-income countries (UMICs, LMICs) and low-income countries (LICs) participating in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. 8 PURE recruited participants from different HICs, middle-income countries and LICs, making it possible to investigate the impact of availability and affordability of CVD medicines on adverse health outcomes across communities at varying economic levels. The medicines studied in this paper have been shown to be effective in primary and secondary prevention of CVD events and to reduce mortality, and are recommended in most clinical guidelines but were unavailable in a large proportion of communities in LICs and middle-income countries and even when available they were not always affordable. Availability and affordability of cardiovascular disease medicines and their effect on use in highincome, middle-income, and low-income countries: an analysis of the pure study data abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the relationship between access to medicine for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among people at high risk of CVD in high-income countries (HICs), upper and lower middle-income countries (UMICs, LMICs) and low-income countries (LICs) participating in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. METHODS: We defined high CVD risk as the presence of any of the following: hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, smoker, diabetes or age >55 years. Availability and affordability of blood pressure lowering drugs, antiplatelets and statins were obtained from pharmacies. Participants were categorised: group 1—all three drug types were available and affordable, group 2—all three drugs were available but not affordable and group 3—all three drugs were not available. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models with nested clustering at country and community levels, adjusting for comorbidities, sociodemographic and economic factors. RESULTS: Of 163 466 participants, there were 93 200 with high CVD risk from 21 countries (mean age 54.7, 49% female). Of these, 44.9% were from group 1, 29.4% from group 2 and 25.7% from group 3. Compared with participants from group 1, the risk of MACEs was higher among participants in group 2 (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.31), and among participants from group 3 (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.50). CONCLUSION: Lower availability and affordability of essential CVD medicines were associated with higher risk of MACEs and mortality. Improving access to CVD medicines should be a key part of the strategy to lower CVD globally. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002640 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002640 id: cord-252843-vd81pftu author: Doherty, Tanya title: Building back from the ground up: the vital role of communities date: 2020-10-07 words: 2001.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252843-vd81pftu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252843-vd81pftu.txt summary: Governments in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) followed the approaches adopted by the Global North and advocated by international bodies such as the WHO, and instituted varying degrees of nationwide stay at home orders (lockdowns) from strict restrictions (such as in South Africa, India and Zimbabwe) to weakly enforced lockdown as in Brazil. ► Investing in community cadres and organisations has the potential to build social solidarity, mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and strengthen intersectoral collaboration and safety nets for future crises. While LMIC governments have focussed almost exclusively on reducing COVID-19 case numbers, many communities organised themselves with ''ground-up'' mitigation measures to address the worsening unintended effects. The intense lockdown periods and burden of COVID-19-related illness have revealed the inadequacies of strained, under-resourced public health facilities, and in some instances inept LMIC governments'' responses to crises; and the critical role of resilient, mobilised community structures. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33028703/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003928 id: cord-316855-4ua7ohkq author: Druetz, Thomas title: Effects of terrorist attacks on access to maternal healthcare services: a national longitudinal study in Burkina Faso date: 2020-09-25 words: 6096.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316855-4ua7ohkq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316855-4ua7ohkq.txt summary: title: Effects of terrorist attacks on access to maternal healthcare services: a national longitudinal study in Burkina Faso Negative binomial regression models were fitted with fixed effects to isolate the immediate and long-term effects of terrorist attacks on three outcomes (antenatal care visits, of facility deliveries and of cesarean sections). A quasi-experimental study was therefore designed to (1) assess the immediate effects of terrorist attacks on access to maternal healthcare in Burkina Faso and (2) evaluate the longitudinal effects in communes affected by incremental levels of insecurity, defined here by the cumulative frequency of attacks. This is a longitudinal quasi-experimental study that used multiple (pooled) interrupted time-series analysis BMJ Global Health to evaluate the effects of terrorist attacks on access to maternal healthcare services at the level of the lowest administrative unit (ie, the commune). abstract: INTRODUCTION: Most of the literature on terrorist attacks’ health impacts has focused on direct victims rather than on distal consequences in the overall population. There is limited knowledge on how terrorist attacks can be detrimental to access to healthcare services. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of terrorist attacks on the utilisation of maternal healthcare services by examining the case of Burkina Faso. METHODS: This longitudinal quasi-experimental study uses multiple interrupted time series analysis. Utilisation of healthcare services data was extracted from the National Health Information System in Burkina Faso. Data span the period of January 2013–December 2018 and include all public primary healthcare centres and district hospitals. Terrorist attack data were extracted from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data project. Negative binomial regression models were fitted with fixed effects to isolate the immediate and long-term effects of terrorist attacks on three outcomes (antenatal care visits, of facility deliveries and of cesarean sections). RESULTS: During the next month of an attack, the incidence of assisted deliveries in healthcare facilities is significantly reduced by 3.8% (95% CI 1.3 to 6.3). Multiple attacks have immediate effects more pronounced than single attacks. Longitudinal analysis show that the incremental number of terrorist attacks is associated with a decrease of the three outcomes. For every additional attack in a commune, the incidence of cesarean sections is reduced by 7.7% (95% CI 4.7 to 10.7) while, for assisted deliveries, it is reduced by 2.5% (95% CI 1.9 to 3.1) and, for antenatal care visits, by 1.8% (95% CI 1.2 to 2.5). CONCLUSION: Terrorist attacks constitute a new barrier to access of maternal healthcare in Burkina Faso. The exponential increase in terrorist activities in West Africa is expected to have negative effects on maternal health in the entire region. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32978211/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002879 id: cord-339121-w16e8lw1 author: Ebuenyi, Ikenna D title: COVID-19 as social disability: the opportunity of social empathy for empowerment date: 2020-08-23 words: 1704.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339121-w16e8lw1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339121-w16e8lw1.txt summary: 4 6 The COVID-19 experience may offer contextual experience of the prepandemic lives of persons with disabilities and in doing so foster greater social responsibility and opportunities for change and a more inclusive society. Summary box ► COVID-19 has conferred new experiential knowledge on society and a rare opportunity to better understand the social model of disability and to improve the lives of persons with disabilities. ► The COVID-19 experience may offer contextual knowledge of the prepandemic lives of persons with disabilities and foster greater social awareness, responsibility and opportunities for change towards a more inclusive society. ► We have learnt from COVID-19 that inclusive healthcare and universal access should be the new normal, that its provision as a social good is both unifying and empowering for society as a whole. We have a rare opportunity to understand and better the lives of persons with disabilities for whom some aspects of the COVID-19 experience are enduring. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003039 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003039 id: cord-257765-ljt9rn8z author: Ghisolfi, Selene title: Predicted COVID-19 fatality rates based on age, sex, comorbidities and health system capacity date: 2020-09-09 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Early reports suggest the fatality rate from COVID-19 varies greatly across countries, but non-random testing and incomplete vital registration systems render it impossible to directly estimate the infection fatality rate (IFR) in many low- and middle-income countries. To fill this gap, we estimate the adjustments required to extrapolate estimates of the IFR from high-income to lower-income regions. Accounting for differences in the distribution of age, sex and relevant comorbidities yields substantial differences in the predicted IFR across 21 world regions, ranging from 0.11% in Western Sub-Saharan Africa to 1.07% for high-income Asia Pacific. However, these predictions must be treated as lower bounds in low- and middle-income countries as they are grounded in fatality rates from countries with advanced health systems. To adjust for health system capacity, we incorporate regional differences in the relative odds of infection fatality from childhood respiratory syncytial virus. This adjustment greatly diminishes but does not entirely erase the demography-based advantage predicted in the lowest income settings, with regional estimates of the predicted COVID-19 IFR ranging from 0.37% in Western Sub-Saharan Africa to 1.45% for Eastern Europe. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003094 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003094 id: cord-325474-iikfjqz5 author: Guerra, Carlos A title: Malaria vector control in sub-Saharan Africa in the time of COVID-19: no room for complacency date: 2020-09-16 words: 2320.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325474-iikfjqz5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325474-iikfjqz5.txt summary: Perhaps most importantly, the increasing demand for resources to curb COVID-19 and the curtailment of economic activities driven by the pandemic could lead to substantial reductions in government revenues, 3 undermining their ability to finance essential social services, including life-saving malaria vector control interventions. The scaling-up of vector control, chiefly insecticide-treated nets (ITN) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), was the main driver for the significant reductions of malaria burden in SSA in the past two decades. ► In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the COVID-19 pandemic could cause major disruptions to the delivery of malaria vector control interventions. For instance, in Nigeria, the SSA country with the highest population at risk of malaria (>200 million people), only 11.1% of the 22.7 million nets in the Box 1 Strategies required for sustaining malaria vector control interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic ► Ensure that funding for malaria control activities remains in place considering increased demand of additional resources to carry out activities. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003880 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003880 id: cord-321299-h6pcatvx author: Hanson, Claudia title: Health system redesign for equity in maternal and newborn health must be codesigned, country led, adapted to context and fit for purpose date: 2020-10-14 words: 2238.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321299-h6pcatvx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321299-h6pcatvx.txt summary: 2 The authors suggest that all childbirth care services should be moved to hospitals in all countries, combined with improvements in (1) the quality of care provided in these facilities; (2) transportation from home to hospital; and (3) continuity of care through hub-and-spoke arrangements. First, Roder-DeWan and colleagues propose that the present strategy of promoting childbirth care in primary health facilities may be the primary reason for improvements in maternal and newborn survival being less than anticipated. 19 However, midwifery-led birthing facilities equipped with functioning ambulance able to make transfers to a hospital with caesarean section services may be a less BMJ Global Health complex and more flexible approach; more responsive to the needs of women and their families. Maternal and perinatal outcomes by planned place of birth among women with low-risk pregnancies in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003748 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003748 id: cord-355523-zol0k94p author: Hill-Cawthorne, Grant title: Advancing Planetary Health in Australia: focus on emerging infections and antimicrobial resistance date: 2019-04-22 words: 4374.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355523-zol0k94p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355523-zol0k94p.txt summary: To clarify and advance the Planetary Health agenda within Australia, specifically in relation to emerging infectious diseases (EID) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), national experts and key stakeholders were invited to a facilitated workshop. To clarify and advance the Planetary Health agenda within Australia, specifically in relation to emerging infectious diseases (EID) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), national experts and key stakeholders were invited to a facilitated workshop. 7 However, a national summary box ► The emergence and spread of infectious diseases, including antimicrobial-resistant infections, pose a major health security threat. 34 The Australian National Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy 2015-2019, jointly developed by the Departments of Health and Agriculture and Water Resources, represents an example of how these silos can be linked, 35 but implementation remains challenging. Australian doctors prescribe more than twice the amount (in defined daily doses per 1000 population per day) of antibiotics compared with their counterparts in the BMJ Global Health Table 3 Responses to open-ended questions on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) abstract: With rising population numbers, anthropogenic changes to our environment and unprecedented global connectivity, the World Economic Forum ranks the spread of infectious diseases second only to water crises in terms of potential global impact. Addressing the diverse challenges to human health and well-being in the 21st century requires an overarching focus on ‘Planetary Health’, with input from all sectors of government, non-governmental organisations, academic institutions and industry. To clarify and advance the Planetary Health agenda within Australia, specifically in relation to emerging infectious diseases (EID) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), national experts and key stakeholders were invited to a facilitated workshop. EID themes identified included animal reservoirs, targeted surveillance, mechanisms of emergence and the role of unrecognised human vectors (the ‘invisible man’) in the spread of infection. Themes related to AMR included antimicrobial use in production and companion animals, antimicrobial stewardship, novel treatment approaches and education of professionals, politicians and the general public. Effective infection control strategies are important in both EID and AMR. We provide an overview of key discussion points, as well as important barriers identified and solutions proposed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31139446/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001283 id: cord-012040-24112w2j author: Hung, Yuen W title: Impact of a free care policy on the utilisation of health services during an Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo: an interrupted time-series analysis date: 2020-07-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: During past outbreaks of Ebola virus disease (EVD) and other infectious diseases, health service utilisation declined among the general public, delaying health seeking behaviour and affecting population health. From May to July 2018, the Democratic Republic of Congo experienced an outbreak of EVD in Equateur province. The Ministry of Public Health introduced a free care policy (FCP) in both affected and neighbouring health zones. We evaluated the impact of this policy on health service utilisation. METHODS: Using monthly data from the national Health Management Information System from January 2017 to January 2019, we examined rates of the use of nine health services at primary health facilities: total visits; first and fourth antenatal care visits; institutional deliveries; postnatal care visits; diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DTP) vaccinations and visits for uncomplicated malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea. We used controlled interrupted time series analysis with a mixed effects model to estimate changes in the rates of services use during the policy (June–September 2018) and afterwards. FINDINGS: Overall, use of most services increased compared to control health zones, including EVD affected areas. Total visits and visits for pneumonia and diarrhoea initially increased more than two-fold relative to the control areas (p<0.001), while institutional deliveries and first antenatal care increased between 20% and 50% (p<0.01). Visits for DTP, fourth antenatal care visits and postnatal care visits were not significantly affected. During the FCP period, visit rates followed a downward trend. Most increases did not persist after the policy ended. INTERPRETATION: The FCP was effective at rapidly increasing the use of some health services both EVD affected and not affected health zones, but this effect was not sustained post FCP. Such policies may mitigate the adverse impact of infectious disease outbreaks on population health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7389747/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002119 id: cord-328115-tjxt88vd author: Jackson-Morris, Angela title: Tailored support for national NCD policy and programme implementation: an over-looked priority date: 2020-08-25 words: 3789.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328115-tjxt88vd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328115-tjxt88vd.txt summary: ► Tailored technical support can empower national stakeholders to put investment cases into operation by partnering local expertise with specialist guidance for specific policies and programmes, using implementation science to surmount implementation obstacles and building national NCD capacity. Thus, a country may use an investment case to review and reprioritise an existing strategy; some countries may have stronger NCD stakeholder capacity and may not need to address this; some may have sustainable funding mechanisms under development yet can beneficially align these to the newly identified priority interventions and revised strategy. 21 Thus, an investment case may identify a specific intervention as a cost-effective priority based on national data; implementation research can then indicate how this may impact population groups differently and suggest ways BMJ Global Health that the implementation process and supporting actions should be tailored. abstract: Many low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are unlikely to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 to reduce premature deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by one-third by 2030. For some, the prospect is receding: between 2010 and 2020, the decline in premature deaths for the major NCDs slowed compared with the prior decade. Barriers to implementing effective strategies are well known, yet the value of tailored technical support to countries has been overlooked and downplayed. Tailored technical support is specialist guidance for country-specific application of technical tools, and capacity enhancement when needed, that enables an LMIC to advance its NCD priorities and plans. We present a model identifying pivotal junctures where tailored technical support can help surmount implementation obstacles. We draw on our experience preparing NCD investment cases with health ministries, development partners and technical agencies. National investment cases produce evidence based, locally tailored and costed packages of NCD interventions and policies appropriate to national needs and circumstances. They can include analysis of financing needs and point towards sustainable funding mechanisms. Enhancing the NCD-specific knowledge of government and Civil Society Organization leads can capitalise on existing expertise, aid integrative health system developments and unlock capabilities to use global tools and guidance. Investment cases form a platform to develop or review NCD plans and (re)prioritise action, then apply implementation science to trouble-shoot obstacles. Partnering national stakeholders with technical support in this process is critical to develop and implement effective NCD strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002598 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002598 id: cord-285027-40ciukd7 author: Jalloh, Mohamed F title: Impact of Ebola experiences and risk perceptions on mental health in Sierra Leone, July 2015 date: 2018-03-17 words: 4890.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285027-40ciukd7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285027-40ciukd7.txt summary: We assessed symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the general population in Sierra Leone after over a year of outbreak response. ► To the best of our knowledge, the assessment was the first national survey that examined the impact of the devastating Ebola epidemic on populationlevel mental health using globally validated scales, and conducted after more than a year of ongoing transmission of Ebola in the country. 25 26 Known risk factors for anxiety, depression and PTSDincluding experience with ill individuals, perceptions of threat, high levels of mortality, food and resource insecurity, stigma and discrimination, and intolerance of uncertainty-may have been experienced by people in Sierra Leone during the Ebola epidemic. Table 4 presents multivariate analyses of the associations between Ebola experience and perceived Ebola threat and symptoms of anxiety and depression and PTSD, adjusting for gender, age, region and education levels. abstract: BACKGROUND: The mental health impact of the 2014–2016 Ebola epidemic has been described among survivors, family members and healthcare workers, but little is known about its impact on the general population of affected countries. We assessed symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the general population in Sierra Leone after over a year of outbreak response. METHODS: We administered a cross-sectional survey in July 2015 to a national sample of 3564 consenting participants selected through multistaged cluster sampling. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-4. PTSD symptoms were measured by six items from the Impact of Events Scale-revised. Relationships among Ebola experience, perceived Ebola threat and mental health symptoms were examined through binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Prevalence of any anxiety-depression symptom was 48% (95% CI 46.8% to 50.0%), and of any PTSD symptom 76% (95% CI 75.0% to 77.8%). In addition, 6% (95% CI 5.4% to 7.0%) met the clinical cut-off for anxiety-depression, 27% (95% CI 25.8% to 28.8%) met levels of clinical concern for PTSD and 16% (95% CI 14.7% to 17.1%) met levels of probable PTSD diagnosis. Factors associated with higher reporting of any symptoms in bivariate analysis included region of residence, experiences with Ebola and perceived Ebola threat. Knowing someone quarantined for Ebola was independently associated with anxiety-depression (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.3, 95% CI 1.7 to 2.9) and PTSD (AOR 2.095% CI 1.5 to 2.8) symptoms. Perceiving Ebola as a threat was independently associated with anxiety-depression (AOR 1.69 95% CI 1.44 to 1.98) and PTSD (AOR 1.86 95% CI 1.56 to 2.21) symptoms. CONCLUSION: Symptoms of PTSD and anxiety-depression were common after one year of Ebola response; psychosocial support may be needed for people with Ebola-related experiences. Preventing, detecting, and responding to mental health conditions should be an important component of global health security efforts. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29607096/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000471 id: cord-295450-ca7ll1tt author: Jia, Peng title: Early warning of epidemics: towards a national intelligent syndromic surveillance system (NISSS) in China date: 2020-10-26 words: 2500.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295450-ca7ll1tt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295450-ca7ll1tt.txt summary: The outbreak of the COVID-19 has further advanced the demand for an intelligent disease reporting system, also known as the national intelligent syndromic surveillance system (NISSS), 1 which would be able to analyse these suspected cases on the basis of prior knowledge and real-time information before a disease is confirmed clinically and in the laboratory. ► Literature databases containing valuable research findings and knowledge and internet activity data reflecting cyber user awareness should be incorporated into the NISSS in a real-time way for warning or fighting the epidemic. ► The International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), a global health collaborative research network, has committed to working with multiple stakeholders to codevelop the NISSS in China. Such data-sharing mechanisms and infrastructures would also facilitate timely spatial epidemiological research on the basis of individual-level infected cases linked with respective location data from mobile service providers and/or smartphone-based apps without violating confidentiality requirements. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33106238/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002925 id: cord-330343-p7a8chn4 author: Kelly-Cirino, Cassandra title: An updated roadmap for MERS-CoV research and product development: focus on diagnostics date: 2019-02-01 words: 5812.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330343-p7a8chn4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330343-p7a8chn4.txt summary: ► Diagnostic research and development (R&D) needs to include point-of-care testing options, syndromic panels for differential diagnosis, a greater understanding of viral and antibody kinetics, improved access to clinical specimens, and establishment of international reference standards. Diagnostics play a central role in the early detection and control of outbreaks and can enable a more nuanced understanding of the disease kinetics and risk factors for the Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), one of the high-priority pathogens identified by the WHO. Diagnostics play a central role in the early detection and control of outbreaks and can enable a more nuanced understanding of the disease kinetics and risk factors for the Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), one of the high-priority pathogens identified by the WHO. In this review we identified sources for molecular and serological diagnostic tests used in MERS-CoV detection, case management and outbreak investigations, as well as surveillance for humans and animals (camels), and summarised the performance of currently available tests, diagnostic needs, and associated challenges for diagnostic test development and implementation. abstract: Diagnostics play a central role in the early detection and control of outbreaks and can enable a more nuanced understanding of the disease kinetics and risk factors for the Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), one of the high-priority pathogens identified by the WHO. In this review we identified sources for molecular and serological diagnostic tests used in MERS-CoV detection, case management and outbreak investigations, as well as surveillance for humans and animals (camels), and summarised the performance of currently available tests, diagnostic needs, and associated challenges for diagnostic test development and implementation. A more detailed understanding of the kinetics of infection of MERS-CoV is needed in order to optimise the use of existing assays. Notably, MERS-CoV point-of-care tests are needed in order to optimise supportive care and to minimise transmission risk. However, for new test development, sourcing clinical material continues to be a major challenge to achieving assay validation. Harmonisation and standardisation of laboratory methods are essential for surveillance and for a rapid and effective international response to emerging diseases. Routine external quality assessment, along with well-characterised and up-to-date proficiency panels, would provide insight into MERS-CoV diagnostic performance worldwide. A defined set of Target Product Profiles for diagnostic technologies will be developed by WHO to address these gaps in MERS-CoV outbreak management. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001105 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001105 id: cord-285083-nkrw2sad author: Khosla, Rajat title: Global health and human rights for a postpandemic world date: 2020-08-20 words: 2163.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285083-nkrw2sad.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285083-nkrw2sad.txt summary: For we, those working on health and human rights in global spaces and beyond, need to reflect on our values, our standards, our institutions, our mechanisms, and ask if we are fit for purpose. 9 Failing to explicitly address human rights concerns not only continues to jeopardise the response to this pandemic, but the future of global health. 10 Many scholarly writings, reflecting on the determinants of the current pandemic, point to our failure to approach global health as ''commons'' as the beginning of our collective descent. In the words of Jonathan Mann, ''time is now for us to come together as "equal partners in the belief that the world can change".'' 15 Twitter Pascale Allotey @PascaleAllotey Contributors The manuscript is a result of discussions towards foundational work on the future of human rights in health. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003548 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003548 id: cord-325396-ot7pvexv author: Lönnroth, Knut title: Income security in times of ill health: the next frontier for the SDGs date: 2020-06-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002493 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002493 id: cord-272991-opvs2ejd author: Masiira, Ben title: Building a new platform to support public health emergency response in Africa: the AFENET Corps of Disease Detectives, 2018–2019 date: 2020-10-13 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Public health emergency (PHE) response in sub-Saharan Africa is constrained by inadequate skilled public health workforce and underfunding. Since 2005, the African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET) has been supporting field epidemiology capacity development and innovative strategies are required to use this workforce. In 2018, AFENET launched a continental rapid response team: the AFENET Corps of Disease Detectives (ACoDD). ACoDD comprises field epidemiology graduates and residents and was established to support PHE response. Since 2018, AFENET has deployed the ACoDD to support response to several PHEs. The main challenges faced during ACoDD deployments were financing of operations, ACoDD safety and security, resistance to interventions and distrust of the responders by some communities. Our experience during these deployments showed that it was feasible to mobilise and deploy ACoDD within 48 hours. However, the sustainability of deployments will depend on establishing strong linkages with the employers of ACoDD members. PHEs are effectively controlled when there is a fast deployment and strong linkages between the stakeholders. There are ongoing efforts to strengthen PHE preparedness and response in sub-Saharan Africa. ACoDD members are a competent workforce that can effectively augment PHE response. ACoDD teams mentored front-line health workers and community health workers who are critical in PHE response. Public health emergence response in sub-Saharan Africa is constrained by inadequacies in a skilled workforce and underfunding. ACoDD can be utilised to overcome the challenges of accessing a skilled public health workforce. To improve health security in sub-Saharan Africa, more financing of PHE response is needed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33051282/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002874 id: cord-320127-55h4hhm3 author: Mazingi, Dennis title: Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on children''s surgery in Africa date: 2020-06-10 words: 2671.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320127-55h4hhm3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320127-55h4hhm3.txt summary: 13 The COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented strain on health services around the world, and paediatric surgical services are no exception. During the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-1 outbreak in Toronto, stringent restrictions on non-essential surgical services were thought to have aggravated precipitous declines in surgical volume, with only small increases in surge capacity for the outbreak. 42 Paediatric care in Africa is typically characterised by significant involvement by guardians and other family members who support the child during hospital admission, assist the overburdened healthcare workforce and act as care advocates. A recent global review of paediatric surgical workforce density showed that a minimum of four paediatric surgeons per million children under 15 years of age would be required to achieve a survival of >80% for a group of four bellwether paediatric surgical conditions. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003016 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003016 id: cord-260985-ria9v2p6 author: McDarby, Geraldine title: The global pool of simulation exercise materials in health emergency preparedness and response: a scoping review with a health system perspective date: 2019-07-29 words: 4748.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260985-ria9v2p6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260985-ria9v2p6.txt summary: Given the important implications health services resilience has for the protection and improvement of human life, this scoping review was undertaken to determine how the publicly available body of existing global SimEx materials considers health systems, together with health security functions in the event of disruptive emergencies. Given the important implications health services resilience has for the protection and improvement of human life, this scoping review was undertaken to determine how the publicly available body of existing global SimEx materials considers health systems, together with health security functions in the event of disruptive emergencies. SimEx are also an ideal opportunity to test preparedness of the various functions of the health system, particularly health service delivery, in response to PHEs. This would contribute to the development of strong linkages between health systems and health security sectors supporting an integrated approach towards building resilient health systems. abstract: Simulation Exercises (SimEx) are an established tool in defence and allied security sectors, applied extensively in health security initiatives under national or international legislative requirements, particularly the International Health Regulations (2005). There is, however, a paucity of information on SimEx application to test the functionality of health systems alongside emergency preparedness, response and recovery. Given the important implications health services resilience has for the protection and improvement of human life, this scoping review was undertaken to determine how the publicly available body of existing global SimEx materials considers health systems, together with health security functions in the event of disruptive emergencies. The global review identified 668 articles from literature and 73 products from institutional sources. Relevant screening identified 51 materials suitable to examine from a health system lens using the six health system building blocks as per the WHO Health System Framework. Eight materials were identified for further examination of their ability to test health system functionality from a resilience perspective. SimEx are an effective approach used extensively within health security and emergency response sectors but is not yet adequately used to test health system resilience. Currently available SimEx materials lack an integrated health system perspective and have a limited focus on the quality of services delivered within the context of response to a public health emergency. The materials do not focus on the ability of systems to effectively maintain core services during response. Without adjustment of the scope and focus, currently available SimEx materials do not have the capacity to test health systems to support the development of resilient health systems. Dedicated SimEx materials are urgently needed to fill this gap and harness their potential as an operational tool to contribute to improvements in health systems. They can act as effective global goods to allow testing of different functional aspects of health systems and service delivery alongside emergency preparedness and response. The work was conducted within the scope of the Tackling Deadly Diseases in Africa Programme, funded by the UK Department for International Development, which seeks to strengthen collaboration between the health system and health security clusters to promote health security and build resilient health systems. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31406594/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001687 id: cord-335004-vw6up31u author: McDiarmid, Melissa title: Duty of care and health worker protections in the age of Ebola: lessons from Médecins Sans Frontières date: 2019-08-31 words: 2428.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335004-vw6up31u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335004-vw6up31u.txt summary: ► Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) health workers had a much lower incidence rate of 4.3/1000, explained as the result of MSF''s ''duty of care'' toward staff safety. ► Adopting and consistently enforcing these broader, duty of care safety policies in deployed teams augments and fortifies standard infection prevention practices, creating a more protective, comprehensive safety programme. analySeS oF HealTH rISkS relaTed To THe job propoSed Months before the WHO declared the Ebola outbreak an international public health emergency in August 2014, MSF teams were already deployed to multiple sites in the affected West Africa region, providing patient care, contact tracing, community outreach and logistical support to the Ebola response. The briefings and training for prospective international Ebola staff emphasise specific sanitation and infection prevention and control (IPC) work practices, which limit exposure to infectious body fluids or objects. provIdIng FolloW-up For any IllneSS or Work-relaTed Injury Staff illness, including suspected Ebola cases, are managed by the team-based health focal point (Action 4). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31543992/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001593 id: cord-294784-r84td2i0 author: Meessen, Bruno title: Health system governance: welcoming the reboot date: 2020-08-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002404 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002404 id: cord-343881-0i3rfpvd author: Norton, Alice title: The remaining unknowns: a mixed methods study of the current and global health research priorities for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: INTRODUCTION: In March 2020, the WHO released a Global Research Roadmap in an effort to coordinate and accelerate the global research response to combat COVID-19 based on deliberations of 400 experts across the world. Three months on, the disease and our understanding have both evolved significantly. As we now tackle a pandemic in very different contexts and with increased knowledge, we sought to build on the work of the WHO to gain a more current and global perspective on these initial priorities. METHODS: We undertook a mixed methods study seeking the views of the global research community to (1) assess which of the early WHO roadmap priorities are still most pressing; (2) understand whether they are still valid in different settings, regions or countries; and (3) identify any new emerging priorities. RESULTS: Thematic analysis of the significant body of combined data shows the WHO roadmap is globally relevant; however, new important priorities have emerged, in particular, pertinent to low and lower middle-income countries (less resourced countries), where health systems are under significant competing pressures. We also found a shift from prioritising vaccine and therapeutic development towards a focus on assessing the effectiveness, risks, benefits and trust in the variety of public health interventions and measures. Our findings also provide insight into temporal nature of these research priorities, highlighting the urgency of research that can only be undertaken within the period of virus transmission, as well as other important research questions but which can be answered outside the transmission period. Both types of studies are key to help combat this pandemic but also importantly to ensure we are better prepared for the future. CONCLUSION: We hope these findings will help guide decision-making across the broad research system including the multilateral partners, research funders, public health practitioners, clinicians and civil society. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003306 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003306 id: cord-298073-0n0i2b7o author: Panigrahi, Sunil Kumar title: Covid-19 and mobile phone hygiene in healthcare settings date: 2020-04-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32399260/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002505 id: cord-335373-17tcikxl author: Paul, Elisabeth title: COVID-19: time for paradigm shift in the nexus between local, national and global health date: 2020-04-20 words: 3703.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335373-17tcikxl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335373-17tcikxl.txt summary: ► The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered unprecedented measures worldwide, which have often been adopted in an ''emergency'' mode and are largely reactionary ► Alternatively, COVID-19 needs to be appraised as part of a much bigger health picture, adopting a "systems approach" that enables interactions with other acknowledged and preventable health conditions, which often receive disproportionately low attention ► To do so requires a paradigm shift in global health governance, from a specific reactional paradigm to a systemic, coordinated and preventive paradigm ► It is necessary to adopt a holistic approach to health reflecting both a security approach and a health development approach, tackling upstream causes and determinants, aimed at helping populations reduce their individual risk factors and augment their natural immunity ► Such preventive health policies must be tailored to local specificities and local environments, and health systems must be strengthened at the local level so as to be able to respond to population needs and expectations ► The current crisis calls for a paradigm shift in public and global health policies; and in the in the nexus between local, national and global health policies and systems abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002622 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002622 id: cord-306184-wfvc35l5 author: Perrin, Christophe title: Europe should lead in coordinated procurement of quality-assured medicines for programmes in low-income and middle-income countries date: 2020-07-26 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003283 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003283 id: cord-351083-3oy7zuy9 author: Rashid, Sabina Faiz title: Towards a socially just model: balancing hunger and response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh date: 2020-06-01 words: 2147.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351083-3oy7zuy9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351083-3oy7zuy9.txt summary: ► Responsive and timely research is needed to better understand the challenges faced by poor and vulnerable populations to inform immediate interventions and policies to address this unprecedented COVID-19 modern-day pandemic. ► In the context of COVID-19, the lockdown model is being imported from a different context (western or developed economies) with stronger economic bases and better social safety nets for those in need, but is there a better way forward for low resource contexts? While there is no easy solution or strategy, for Bangladesh and its high proportion of vulnerable populations, continuation of the shutdown has to be accompanied with strong political resolve to ensure that people do not go without food BMJ Global Health and have basic health information and support, given the grounded realities of their lives. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002715 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002715 id: cord-281543-ivhr2no3 author: Richardson, Eugene T title: Pandemicity, COVID-19 and the limits of public health ‘science’ date: 2020-04-17 words: 1881.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281543-ivhr2no3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281543-ivhr2no3.txt summary: 17 In the case of Ebola outbreak in West Africa, epidemiologists attributed amplified transmission to local populations'' beliefs in misinformation or their ''strange'' funerary practices-in essence, diverting the public''s gaze from legacies of the transatlantic slave trade (or Maafa), 18 colonialism, 19 indirect rule, 20 structural adjustment 21 and extractive foreign companies as determinants. 40 As they start to sift back through the determinative web of human rights abuses-that is, the pathologies of power 41that set the stage for these health inequalities, they may begin to see that they contribute a great deal to the production and reproduction of structural injustice because of the social position they occupy and the violence that has been committed in their names. Mathematical modeling of the West Africa Ebola epidemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32469327/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002571 id: cord-266780-dwmfayaz author: Saad, Neil J. title: The Al Hol camp in Northeast Syria: health and humanitarian challenges date: 2020-07-21 words: 2038.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266780-dwmfayaz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266780-dwmfayaz.txt summary: 1 2 In the Northwest of the country, in the Idlib and Northern Aleppo governorates, four million people, of which two-thirds are displaced from other parts of Syria, are currently in the midst of a humanitarian crisis due to a military campaign by Syrian and Russian government forces. The Al Hol camp, close to the Syria-Iraq border, was initially set up by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees during the 1991 Gulf war for approximately 15 000 people and it expanded further during the US invasion of Iraq in the early 2000s. 9 10 Generally, newcomers first stay at a reception area and remain there until allocated a shelter and being Summary box ► Al Hol camp is the largest refugee/internally displaced people camp in Northeast Syria. In the harsh conditions of the Al Hol camp, international NGOs, United Nations agencies and local authorities worked towards improving people''s living conditions and supporting their basic needs. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32694220/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002491 id: cord-355919-e8fhlo37 author: Semaan, Aline title: Voices from the frontline: findings from a thematic analysis of a rapid online global survey of maternal and newborn health professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially impacted maternity care provision worldwide. Studies based on modelling estimated large indirect effects of the pandemic on services and health outcomes. The objective of this study was to prospectively document experiences of frontline maternal and newborn healthcare providers. METHODS: We conducted a global, cross-sectional study of maternal and newborn health professionals via an online survey disseminated through professional networks and social media in 12 languages. Information was collected between 24 March and 10 April 2020 on respondents’ background, preparedness for and response to COVID-19 and their experience during the pandemic. An optional module sought information on adaptations to 17 care processes. Descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis were used to analyse responses, disaggregating by low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). RESULTS: We analysed responses from 714 maternal and newborn health professionals. Only one-third received training on COVID-19 from their health facility and nearly all searched for information themselves. Half of respondents in LMICs received updated guidelines for care provision compared with 82% in HICs. Overall, 47% of participants in LMICs and 69% in HICs felt mostly or completely knowledgeable in how to care for COVID-19 maternity patients. Facility-level responses to COVID-19 (signage, screening, testing and isolation rooms) were more common in HICs than LMICs. Globally, 90% of respondents reported somewhat or substantially higher levels of stress. There was a widespread perception of reduced use of routine maternity care services, and of modification in care processes, some of which were not evidence-based practices. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial knowledge gaps exist in guidance on management of maternity cases with or without COVID-19. Formal information-sharing channels for providers must be established and mental health support provided. Surveys of maternity care providers can help track the situation, capture innovations and support rapid development of effective responses. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002967 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002967 id: cord-011855-0vetk6jd author: Shayo, Elizabeth title: Ethical issues in intervention studies on the prevention and management of diabetes and hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa date: 2020-07-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7342469/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002193 id: cord-011992-jgw3nat2 author: Srinivas, Prashanth Nuggehalli title: “Together we move a mountain”: celebrating a decade of the Emerging Voices for Global Health network date: 2020-07-23 words: 2161.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011992-jgw3nat2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011992-jgw3nat2.txt summary: The EV4GH programme deliberately selects a cohort of 30-40 early career researchers in health systems, living or working in lowincome and middle-income countries and with an interest to engage critically on global health issues that have local relevance within their country/local health systems. The collective engagement every 2 years during the biennial global health systems symposia enables community-building and several EV4GH alumni have taken on leadership roles within our network and within the broader HPSR community and beyond. Some have become elected members of the HSG board, and others have taken the lead in managing other thematic working groups within HSG, and many others participate actively in other regional and global events while coordinating with fellow EV4GH alumni in such fora, leveraging the membership in the network to seek wider change in the health systems and global health community. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7380710/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003015 id: cord-290067-fa0mxvc3 author: Svadzian, Anita title: Global health degrees: at what cost? date: 2020-08-05 words: 3480.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290067-fa0mxvc3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290067-fa0mxvc3.txt summary: Results for average tuition fees for Master''s degrees in global or international health are displayed in table 2. The data presented suggest that there may be a disconnect between where global health training is needed most versus where the degree programmes are currently offered. This would vary a lot, depending on the country and cost of living and what financial aid or fellowships To this extent, we hope global health degree programmes will be transparent about diversity in their student body and provide information on what proportion of their LMIC students receive tuition waivers or fellowships. We also need data on what proportion of the LMIC students in these degrees get full tuition fee waivers. Fee waivers may also represent a form of reparation, given the colonial and extractive origins of many HIC universities and global/ public health schools. It is disappointing that distance education global health degrees still cost about US$20 000 for international students. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003310 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003310 id: cord-274895-rw5keyos author: Tao, Wenjuan title: Towards universal health coverage: lessons from 10 years of healthcare reform in China date: 2020-03-19 words: 5047.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274895-rw5keyos.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274895-rw5keyos.txt summary: However, much of the early research focused solely on the first 3-year reform after 2009 in China, summary box ► Continued political support is the most important enabling condition for achieving universal health coverage (UHC). 42 43 Under the goal of achieving UHC, China concentrated on establishing the four systems (ie, public health service system, medical service system, health insurance system, and drug supply and security system), based on the eight functional mechanisms that could provide essential supports. There were five reform priorities: (1) accelerating the establishment of a basic health insurance system; (2) establishing a preliminary national essential drug system; (3) improving the primary care delivery system to provide basic healthcare; (4) making basic public health services (BPHS) available and equal for all; and (5) piloting public hospital reforms. abstract: Universal health coverage (UHC) is driving the global health agenda. Many countries have embarked on national policy reforms towards this goal, including China. In 2009, the Chinese government launched a new round of healthcare reform towards UHC, aiming to provide universal coverage of basic healthcare by the end of 2020. The year of 2019 marks the 10th anniversary of China’s most recent healthcare reform. Sharing China’s experience is especially timely for other countries pursuing reforms to achieve UHC. This study describes the social, economic and health context in China, and then reviews the overall progress of healthcare reform (1949 to present), with a focus on the most recent (2009) round of healthcare reform. The study comprehensively analyses key reform initiatives and major achievements according to four aspects: health insurance system, drug supply and security system, medical service system and public health service system. Lessons learnt from China may have important implications for other nations, including continued political support, increased health financing and a strong primary healthcare system as basis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32257400/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002086 id: cord-272965-l0d7rgt0 author: Turcotte-Tremblay, Anne-Marie title: Global health is more than just ‘Public Health Somewhere Else’ date: 2020-05-07 words: 1969.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272965-l0d7rgt0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272965-l0d7rgt0.txt summary: ► King and Koski''s definition of global health may exacerbate inequities by reserving the right to call oneself a global health researcher to those who are privileged and have access to funding that enables them to travel to other settings. Moreover, King and Koski''s 1 definition is not adequate because some global health initiatives are aimed at finding solutions to domestic problems, whether it be in a high, middle or low-income country. 6 7 There are examples of global health research and interventions where countries and communities have worked collaboratively and shared expertise, cultural knowledge and other resources to develop appropriate and effective solutions. 6 11 12 Recognising global health as a field in its own right is crucial to ensure there are dedicated resources for training and forums where the global health community can exchange and share knowledge, so that best practices can be further promoted, especially among students and emerging researchers and practitioners. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002545 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002545 id: cord-283485-xit6najq author: Van Damme, Wim title: The COVID-19 pandemic: diverse contexts; different epidemics—how and why? date: 2020-07-27 words: 9627.0 sentences: 633.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283485-xit6najq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283485-xit6najq.txt summary: Since its emergence in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread to nearly all countries of the world in only a few months. 4 It was soon discovered that the virus is easily transmitted, can cause Summary box ► Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread to nearly all countries of the world in only a few months. 88 Box 2 On the use of mathematical models during epidemics A dominant way of studying the transmission dynamics of an infectious disease such as COVID-19, and predicting the amplitude and peak of the epidemic in a population (city, province, country) and analysing the effect of control measures is using mathematical models. abstract: It is very exceptional that a new disease becomes a true pandemic. Since its emergence in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread to nearly all countries of the world in only a few months. However, in different countries, the COVID-19 epidemic takes variable shapes and forms in how it affects communities. Until now, the insights gained on COVID-19 have been largely dominated by the COVID-19 epidemics and the lockdowns in China, Europe and the USA. But this variety of global trajectories is little described, analysed or understood. In only a few months, an enormous amount of scientific evidence on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 has been uncovered (knowns). But important knowledge gaps remain (unknowns). Learning from the variety of ways the COVID-19 epidemic is unfolding across the globe can potentially contribute to solving the COVID-19 puzzle. This paper tries to make sense of this variability—by exploring the important role that context plays in these different COVID-19 epidemics; by comparing COVID-19 epidemics with other respiratory diseases, including other coronaviruses that circulate continuously; and by highlighting the critical unknowns and uncertainties that remain. These unknowns and uncertainties require a deeper understanding of the variable trajectories of COVID-19. Unravelling them will be important for discerning potential future scenarios, such as the first wave in virgin territories still untouched by COVID-19 and for future waves elsewhere. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003098 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003098 id: cord-315744-nr0fu2qb author: Wang, Yu title: Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China date: 2020-05-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: INTRODUCTION: Transmission of COVID-19 within families and close contacts accounts for the majority of epidemic growth. Community mask wearing, hand washing and social distancing are thought to be effective but there is little evidence to inform or support community members on COVID-19 risk reduction within families. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 335 people in 124 families and with at least one laboratory confirmed COVID-19 case was conducted from 28 February to 27 March 2020, in Beijing, China. The outcome of interest was secondary transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within the family. Characteristics and practices of primary cases, of well family contacts and household hygiene practices were analysed as predictors of secondary transmission. RESULTS: The secondary attack rate in families was 23.0% (77/335). Face mask use by the primary case and family contacts before the primary case developed symptoms was 79% effective in reducing transmission (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.79). Daily use of chlorine or ethanol based disinfectant in households was 77% effective (OR=0.23, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.84). Wearing a mask after illness onset of the primary case was not significantly protective. The risk of household transmission was 18 times higher with frequent daily close contact with the primary case (OR=18.26, 95% CI 3.93 to 84.79), and four times higher if the primary case had diarrhoea (OR=4.10, 95% CI 1.08 to 15.60). Household crowding was not significant. CONCLUSION: The study confirms the highest risk of transmission prior to symptom onset, and provides the first evidence of the effectiveness of mask use, disinfection and social distancing in preventing COVID-19. We also found evidence of faecal transmission. This can inform guidelines for community prevention in settings of intense COVID-19 epidemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002794 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002794 id: cord-268279-umlqh0q4 author: Wenham, Clare title: Cuba y seguridad sanitaria mundial: Cuba’s role in global health security date: 2020-05-13 words: 6124.0 sentences: 269.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268279-umlqh0q4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268279-umlqh0q4.txt summary: These concern Cuba''s visibility and participation in the broader global health security architecture, the social controls exercised by the state in managing disease threats in Cuban territory, and the resource constraints facing the island—in particular, the effects of the US embargo. These concern Cuba''s visibility and participation in the broader global health security architecture, the social controls exercised by the state in managing disease threats in Cuban territory, and the resource constraints facing the island-in particular, the effects of the US embargo. We consider this to be the most apparent embodiment of Cuban health security activities internationally, where the state appears to be supporting response efforts for emerging pathogens by providing human resources and technical expertise within outbreak response, and health systems capacity-building elsewhere in the world, such as the training of international medical professionals. abstract: Cuba has been largely absent in academic and policy discourse on global health security, yet Cuba’s history of medical internationalism and its domestic health system have much to offer contemporary global health security debates. In this paper, we examine what we identify as key traits of Cuban health security, as they play out on both international and domestic fronts. We argue that Cuba demonstrates a strong health security capacity, both in terms of its health systems support and crisis response activities internationally, and its domestic disease control activities rooted in an integrated health system with a focus on universal healthcare. Health security in Cuba, however, also faces challenges. These concern Cuba’s visibility and participation in the broader global health security architecture, the social controls exercised by the state in managing disease threats in Cuban territory, and the resource constraints facing the island—in particular, the effects of the US embargo. While Cuba does not frame its disease control activities within the discourse of health security, we argue that the Cuban case demonstrates that it is possible to make strides to improve capacity for health security in resource-constrained settings. The successes and challenges facing health security in Cuba, moreover, provide points of reflection relevant to the pursuit of health security globally and are thus worth further consideration in broader health security discussions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32409329/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002227 id: cord-314699-5b4toeik author: Wishnia, Jodi title: Impact of financial management centralisation in a health system under austerity: a qualitative study from South Africa date: 2020-10-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: INTRODUCTION: International calls for universal health coverage (UHC) have led many countries to implement health sector reforms, however, since the 2008 global recession, economic growth has slowed in many lower-income and middle-income countries. In a renewed interest in public financial management (PFM), international organisations have emphasised the importance of giving spending control to those responsible for healthcare. However, centralisation is a common response when there is a need to cut expenditure due to a reduced budget; yet failure to decentralise often hampers the achievement of important goals. This paper examines the effect of centralising financial decision-making on the functioning of the South African health system. METHODS: We used a case study design with an ethnographic approach. Primary data collection was conducted through participant-observation and semistructured interviews, over 1 year. Member checking was conducted. RESULTS: New management implemented centralisation due to a reduced budget, a history of financial mismanagement, the punitive regulatory environment financial managers face, and their fear of poor audit outcomes. The reform, together with an authoritarian management style to ensure compliance, created a large power distance between financial and clinical managers. District managers felt that there was poor communication about the reform and that decision-making was opaque. This lowered commitment to the reform, even for those who thought it was necessary. It also reduced communal action, creating an individualistic environment. The authoritarian management style, and the impact of centralisation on service delivery, negatively affected planning and decision making, impairing organisational functioning. CONCLUSION: As public health systems become even more financially constrained, recognising how PFM reforms can influence organisational culture, and how the negative effects can be mitigated, is of international importance. We highlight the importance of a participatory culture that encourages shared decision making and coproduction, particularly as countries grapple with how to achieve UHC with limited funds. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003524 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003524 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel