id sid tid token lemma pos cord-320417-01l27d99 1 1 key key JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 1 2 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 1 3 cord-320417 cord-320417 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 1 4 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 1 5 01l27d99 01l27d99 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 1 6 authors author NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 1 7 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 1 8 Wang Wang NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 1 9 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 1 10 Hai Hai NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 1 11 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 1 12 Long Long NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 1 13 title title NN cord-320417-01l27d99 1 14 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 1 15 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 1 16 emergence emergence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 1 17 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 1 18 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 1 19 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 1 20 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 1 21 hybrid hybrid JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 1 22 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 1 23 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 1 24 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 1 25 lineages lineage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 1 26 revealed reveal VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 1 27 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 1 28 2D 2D NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 1 29 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 1 30 variation variation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 1 31 mapping mapping NN cord-320417-01l27d99 1 32 date date NN cord-320417-01l27d99 1 33 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 1 34 2020 2020 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 1 35 - - SYM cord-320417-01l27d99 1 36 10 10 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 1 37 - - SYM cord-320417-01l27d99 1 38 14 14 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 1 39 journal journal NN cord-320417-01l27d99 1 40 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 2 1 bioRxiv biorxiv IN cord-320417-01l27d99 2 2 DOI DOI NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 2 3 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 3 1 10.1101/2020.10.13.338038 10.1101/2020.10.13.338038 DT cord-320417-01l27d99 3 2 sha sha NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 3 3 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 3 4 f4f4f766001b025838ab8d304228d717cb4bde91 f4f4f766001b025838ab8d304228d717cb4bde91 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 3 5 doc_id doc_id NNPS cord-320417-01l27d99 3 6 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 3 7 320417 320417 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 3 8 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 3 9 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 4 1 01l27d99 01l27d99 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 5 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 5 2 performed perform VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 5 3 whole whole JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 5 4 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 5 5 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 5 6 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 5 7 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 5 8 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 5 9 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 5 10 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 5 11 collected collect VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 5 12 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 5 13 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 5 14 samples sample NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 5 15 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 5 16 Mayo Mayo NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 5 17 Clinic Clinic NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 5 18 Rochester Rochester NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 5 19 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 5 20 mid mid NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 5 21 - - NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 5 22 April April NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 5 23 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 5 24 2020 2020 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 5 25 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 5 26 generated generate VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 5 27 85 85 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 5 28 consensus consensus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 5 29 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 5 30 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 5 31 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 5 32 compared compare VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 5 33 them -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 5 34 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 5 35 other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 5 36 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 5 37 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 5 38 collected collect VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 5 39 worldwide worldwide RB cord-320417-01l27d99 5 40 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 6 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 6 2 proposed propose VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 6 3 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 6 4 novel novel JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 6 5 illustrating illustrating NN cord-320417-01l27d99 6 6 method method NN cord-320417-01l27d99 6 7 using use VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 6 8 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 6 9 2D 2d JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 6 10 map map NN cord-320417-01l27d99 6 11 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 6 12 display display VB cord-320417-01l27d99 6 13 populations population NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 6 14 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 6 15 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 6 16 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 6 17 occurring occurring JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 6 18 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 6 19 variants variant NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 6 20 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 6 21 intra- intra- NN cord-320417-01l27d99 7 1 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 7 2 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 7 3 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 7 4 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 7 5 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 7 6 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 8 1 This this DT cord-320417-01l27d99 8 2 method method NN cord-320417-01l27d99 8 3 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 8 4 highly highly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 8 5 advantageous advantageous JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 8 6 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 8 7 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 8 8 new new JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 8 9 era era NN cord-320417-01l27d99 8 10 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 8 11 “ " `` cord-320417-01l27d99 8 12 big big JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 8 13 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 8 14 data datum NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 8 15 ” " '' cord-320417-01l27d99 8 16 when when WRB cord-320417-01l27d99 8 17 high high JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 8 18 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 8 19 throughput throughput NN cord-320417-01l27d99 8 20 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 8 21 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 8 22 becoming become VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 8 23 readily readily RB cord-320417-01l27d99 8 24 available available JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 8 25 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 9 1 Using use VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 9 2 this this DT cord-320417-01l27d99 9 3 method method NN cord-320417-01l27d99 9 4 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 9 5 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 9 6 revealed reveal VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 9 7 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 9 8 emergence emergence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 9 9 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 9 10 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 9 11 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 9 12 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 9 13 hybrid hybrid JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 9 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 9 15 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 9 16 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 9 17 lineages lineage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 9 18 that that WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 9 19 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 9 20 potentially potentially RB cord-320417-01l27d99 9 21 caused cause VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 9 22 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 9 23 homologous homologous JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 9 24 genetic genetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 9 25 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 9 26 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 10 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 10 2 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 10 3 pandemic pandemic NN cord-320417-01l27d99 10 4 caused cause VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 10 5 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 10 6 disruption disruption NN cord-320417-01l27d99 10 7 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 10 8 populations population NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 10 9 worldwide worldwide RB cord-320417-01l27d99 10 10 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 11 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 11 2 causative causative JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 11 3 agent agent NN cord-320417-01l27d99 11 4 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 11 5 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 11 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 11 7 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 11 8 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 11 9 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 11 10 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 11 11 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 11 12 single single RB cord-320417-01l27d99 11 13 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 11 14 stranded strand VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 11 15 positive positive JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 11 16 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 11 17 sense sense NN cord-320417-01l27d99 11 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 11 19 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 11 20 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 11 21 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 11 22 beta beta NN cord-320417-01l27d99 11 23 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 11 24 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 11 25 genus genus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 11 26 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 11 27 ~30 ~30 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 11 28 kb kb NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 11 29 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 11 30 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 11 31 length length NN cord-320417-01l27d99 11 32 1 1 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 11 33 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 11 34 2 2 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 11 35 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 12 1 Although although IN cord-320417-01l27d99 12 2 general general JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 12 3 testing testing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 12 4 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 12 5 this this DT cord-320417-01l27d99 12 6 novel novel JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 12 7 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 12 8 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 12 9 rapidly rapidly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 12 10 expanding expand VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 12 11 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 12 12 targeted target VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 12 13 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 12 14 approaches approach NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 12 15 have have VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 12 16 attracted attract VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 12 17 more more JJR cord-320417-01l27d99 12 18 attention attention NN cord-320417-01l27d99 12 19 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 12 20 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 12 21 following follow VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 12 22 reasons reason NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 12 23 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 12 24 a a LS cord-320417-01l27d99 12 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 13 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 13 2 SARs SARs NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 13 3 - - : cord-320417-01l27d99 13 4 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 13 5 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 13 6 has have VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 13 7 evolved evolve VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 13 8 into into IN cord-320417-01l27d99 13 9 mutant mutant JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 13 10 strains strain NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 13 11 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 13 12 different different JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 13 13 clinical clinical JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 13 14 complications complication NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 13 15 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 14 1 Monitoring monitor VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 14 2 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 14 3 spread spread NN cord-320417-01l27d99 14 4 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 14 5 specific specific JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 14 6 strains strain NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 14 7 during during IN cord-320417-01l27d99 14 8 an an DT cord-320417-01l27d99 14 9 outbreak outbreak NN cord-320417-01l27d99 14 10 can can MD cord-320417-01l27d99 14 11 help help VB cord-320417-01l27d99 14 12 inform inform VB cord-320417-01l27d99 14 13 intervention intervention NN cord-320417-01l27d99 14 14 methods method NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 14 15 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 14 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 14 17 impacts impact NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 14 18 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 15 1 b b LS cord-320417-01l27d99 15 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 16 1 Vaccine vaccine NN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 2 efficacy efficacy NN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 3 can can MD cord-320417-01l27d99 16 4 be be VB cord-320417-01l27d99 16 5 monitored monitor VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 6 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 7 tracking track VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 16 8 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 16 9 prevalence prevalence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 10 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 16 11 distribution distribution NN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 12 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 13 key key JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 16 14 genes gene NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 16 15 involved involve VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 16 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 17 vaccine vaccine NN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 18 development development NN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 19 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 16 20 deployment deployment NN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 21 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 16 22 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 16 23 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 24 determining determine VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 16 25 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 16 26 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 16 27 mutation mutation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 28 rates rate NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 16 29 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 16 30 inform inform VB cord-320417-01l27d99 16 31 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 16 32 vaccine vaccine NN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 33 's 's POS cord-320417-01l27d99 16 34 longevity longevity NN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 35 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 16 36 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 16 37 interactions interaction NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 16 38 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 39 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 16 40 human human JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 16 41 immune immune NN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 42 system system NN cord-320417-01l27d99 16 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 16 44 3 3 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 16 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 16 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 16 47 4 4 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 16 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 16 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 16 50 5 5 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 16 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 16 52 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 17 1 Today today NN cord-320417-01l27d99 17 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 17 3 there there EX cord-320417-01l27d99 17 4 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 17 5 over over IN cord-320417-01l27d99 17 6 100,000 100,000 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 17 7 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 17 8 deposits deposit NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 17 9 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 17 10 GISAID GISAID NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 17 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 17 12 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 17 13 Global Global NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 17 14 Initiative Initiative NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 17 15 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 17 16 Sharing Sharing NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 17 17 All all DT cord-320417-01l27d99 17 18 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 17 19 Data Data NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 17 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 17 21 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 17 22 over over IN cord-320417-01l27d99 17 23 30,000 30,000 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 17 24 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 17 25 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 17 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 17 27 National National NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 17 28 Center Center NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 17 29 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 17 30 Biotechnology Biotechnology NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 17 31 Information Information NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 17 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 17 33 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 17 34 reflecting reflect VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 17 35 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 17 36 worldwide worldwide JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 17 37 effort effort NN cord-320417-01l27d99 17 38 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 17 39 fight fight VB cord-320417-01l27d99 17 40 against against IN cord-320417-01l27d99 17 41 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 17 42 virulent virulent JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 17 43 pathogen pathogen NN cord-320417-01l27d99 17 44 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 18 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 18 2 wealth wealth NN cord-320417-01l27d99 18 3 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 18 4 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 18 5 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 18 6 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 18 7 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 18 8 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 18 9 provides provide VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 18 10 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 18 11 rare rare JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 18 12 opportunity opportunity NN cord-320417-01l27d99 18 13 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 18 14 both both CC cord-320417-01l27d99 18 15 clinical clinical JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 18 16 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 18 17 basic basic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 18 18 scientists scientist NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 18 19 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 18 20 investigate investigate VB cord-320417-01l27d99 18 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 18 22 evolution evolution NN cord-320417-01l27d99 18 23 mechanism mechanism NN cord-320417-01l27d99 18 24 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 19 1 On on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 19 2 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 19 3 other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 19 4 hand hand NN cord-320417-01l27d99 19 5 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 19 6 outsized outsized JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 19 7 collections collection NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 19 8 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 19 9 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 19 10 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 19 11 pose pose VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 19 12 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 19 13 computational computational JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 19 14 challenge challenge NN cord-320417-01l27d99 19 15 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 19 16 bioinformatics bioinformatics NN cord-320417-01l27d99 19 17 analysis analysis NN cord-320417-01l27d99 19 18 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 20 1 Currently currently RB cord-320417-01l27d99 20 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 20 3 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 20 4 most most RBS cord-320417-01l27d99 20 5 adopted adopt VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 20 6 method method NN cord-320417-01l27d99 20 7 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 20 8 illustrating illustrate VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 20 9 species specie NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 20 10 evolution evolution NN cord-320417-01l27d99 20 11 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 20 12 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 20 13 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 20 14 analysis analysis NN cord-320417-01l27d99 20 15 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 20 16 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 20 17 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 20 18 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 20 19 discerning discern VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 20 20 fast fast RB cord-320417-01l27d99 20 21 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 20 22 evolving evolve VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 20 23 mutations mutation NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 20 24 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 20 25 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 20 26 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 21 1 New new JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 21 2 methods method NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 21 3 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 21 4 mapping mapping NN cord-320417-01l27d99 21 5 mutations mutation NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 21 6 within within IN cord-320417-01l27d99 21 7 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 21 8 same same JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 21 9 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 21 10 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 21 11 needed need VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 21 12 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 21 13 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 21 14 impending impending JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 21 15 " " `` cord-320417-01l27d99 21 16 big big JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 21 17 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 21 18 data datum NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 21 19 " " '' cord-320417-01l27d99 21 20 era era NN cord-320417-01l27d99 21 21 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 22 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 22 2 propose propose VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 22 3 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 22 4 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 22 5 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 22 6 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 22 7 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 22 8 variant variant NN cord-320417-01l27d99 22 9 mapping mapping NN cord-320417-01l27d99 22 10 that that WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 22 11 illustrates illustrate VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 22 12 populations population NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 22 13 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 22 14 cooccurring cooccurring NN cord-320417-01l27d99 22 15 mutations mutation NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 22 16 within within IN cord-320417-01l27d99 22 17 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 22 18 same same JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 22 19 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 22 20 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 23 1 This this DT cord-320417-01l27d99 23 2 plotting plotting NN cord-320417-01l27d99 23 3 method method NN cord-320417-01l27d99 23 4 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 23 5 not not RB cord-320417-01l27d99 23 6 limited limit VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 23 7 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 23 8 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 23 9 increasing increase VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 23 10 number number NN cord-320417-01l27d99 23 11 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 23 12 examined examine VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 23 13 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 23 14 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 24 1 Thus thus RB cord-320417-01l27d99 24 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 24 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 24 4 allows allow VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 24 5 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 24 6 direct direct JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 24 7 comparison comparison NN cord-320417-01l27d99 24 8 between between IN cord-320417-01l27d99 24 9 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 24 10 collections collection NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 24 11 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 24 12 different different JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 24 13 geographic geographic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 24 14 regions region NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 24 15 or or CC cord-320417-01l27d99 24 16 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 24 17 same same JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 24 18 region region NN cord-320417-01l27d99 24 19 but but CC cord-320417-01l27d99 24 20 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 24 21 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 24 22 different different JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 24 23 time time NN cord-320417-01l27d99 24 24 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 25 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-320417-01l27d99 25 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 25 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 25 4 reveals reveal VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 25 5 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 25 6 emergence emergence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 25 7 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 25 8 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 25 9 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 25 10 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 25 11 hybrid hybrid JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 25 12 lineages lineage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 25 13 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 26 1 As as IN cord-320417-01l27d99 26 2 part part NN cord-320417-01l27d99 26 3 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 26 4 Mayo Mayo NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 26 5 Clinic Clinic NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 26 6 's 's POS cord-320417-01l27d99 26 7 efforts effort NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 26 8 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 26 9 fight fight VB cord-320417-01l27d99 26 10 against against IN cord-320417-01l27d99 26 11 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 26 12 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 26 13 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 26 14 performed perform VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 26 15 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 26 16 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 26 17 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 26 18 using use VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 26 19 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 26 20 third third JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 26 21 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 26 22 generation generation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 26 23 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 26 24 techniques technique NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 26 25 developed develop VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 26 26 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 26 27 Oxford Oxford NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 26 28 Nanopore Nanopore NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 26 29 Technology Technology NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 26 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 26 31 ONT ONT NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 26 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 26 33 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 27 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 27 2 received receive VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 27 3 103 103 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 27 4 positive positive JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 27 5 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 27 6 samples sample NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 27 7 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 27 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 27 9 extracts extract NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 27 10 collected collect VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 27 11 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 27 12 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 27 13 Department Department NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 27 14 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 27 15 Laboratory Laboratory NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 27 16 Medicine Medicine NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 27 17 & & CC cord-320417-01l27d99 27 18 Pathology Pathology NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 27 19 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 27 20 Mayo Mayo NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 27 21 Clinic Clinic NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 27 22 Rochester Rochester NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 27 23 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 27 24 April April NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 27 25 20 20 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 27 26 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 27 27 2020 2020 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 27 28 through through IN cord-320417-01l27d99 27 29 April April NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 27 30 29 29 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 27 31 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 27 32 2020 2020 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 27 33 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 28 1 Following follow VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 28 2 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 28 3 ARTIC ARTIC NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 28 4 network network NN cord-320417-01l27d99 28 5 's 's POS cord-320417-01l27d99 28 6 amplicon amplicon NN cord-320417-01l27d99 28 7 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 28 8 protocol protocol NN cord-320417-01l27d99 28 9 6 6 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 28 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 28 11 see see VB cord-320417-01l27d99 28 12 method method NN cord-320417-01l27d99 28 13 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 28 14 details detail NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 28 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 28 16 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 28 17 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 28 18 succeeded succeed VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 28 19 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 28 20 collecting collect VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 28 21 85 85 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 28 22 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 28 23 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 28 24 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 29 1 A a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 29 2 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 29 3 tree tree NN cord-320417-01l27d99 29 4 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 29 5 presented present VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 29 6 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 29 7 Figure Figure NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 29 8 1 1 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 29 9 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 29 10 compares compare VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 29 11 these these DT cord-320417-01l27d99 29 12 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 29 13 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 29 14 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 29 15 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 29 16 reference reference NN cord-320417-01l27d99 29 17 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 29 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 29 19 NC_045512.2 NC_045512.2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 29 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 29 21 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 30 1 According accord VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 30 2 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 30 3 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 30 4 latest late JJS cord-320417-01l27d99 30 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 30 6 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 30 7 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 30 8 classification classification NN cord-320417-01l27d99 30 9 7 7 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 30 10 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 30 11 there there EX cord-320417-01l27d99 30 12 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 30 13 six six CD cord-320417-01l27d99 30 14 major major JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 30 15 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 30 16 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 30 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 30 18 named name VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 30 19 L L NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 30 20 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 30 21 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 30 22 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 30 23 V v NN cord-320417-01l27d99 30 24 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 30 25 G G NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 30 26 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 30 27 GH GH NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 30 28 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 30 29 GR GR NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 30 30 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 30 31 respectively respectively RB cord-320417-01l27d99 30 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 30 33 represented represent VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 30 34 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 30 35 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 30 36 unique unique JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 30 37 sets set NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 30 38 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 30 39 single single JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 30 40 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 30 41 polymorphisms polymorphism NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 30 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 30 43 SNPs SNPs NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 30 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 30 45 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 31 1 Clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 31 2 " " `` cord-320417-01l27d99 31 3 L L NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 31 4 " " '' cord-320417-01l27d99 31 5 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 31 6 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 31 7 reference reference NN cord-320417-01l27d99 31 8 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 31 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 31 10 NC_045512.2 NC_045512.2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 31 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 31 12 found find VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 31 13 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 31 14 China China NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 31 15 ; ; : cord-320417-01l27d99 32 1 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 32 2 " " `` cord-320417-01l27d99 32 3 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 32 4 " " '' cord-320417-01l27d99 32 5 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 32 6 named name VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 32 7 after after IN cord-320417-01l27d99 32 8 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 32 9 mutation mutation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 32 10 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 32 11 ORF8 ORF8 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 32 12 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 33 1 L84S l84s NN cord-320417-01l27d99 33 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 33 3 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 33 4 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 33 5 transition transition NN cord-320417-01l27d99 33 6 mutation mutation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 33 7 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 33 8 T28144C T28144C NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 33 9 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 33 10 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 33 11 - - NN cord-320417-01l27d99 33 12 occurring occur VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 33 13 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 33 14 another another DT cord-320417-01l27d99 33 15 transition transition NN cord-320417-01l27d99 33 16 mutation mutation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 33 17 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 33 18 C8782 C8782 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 33 19 T T NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 33 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 33 21 ; ; : cord-320417-01l27d99 33 22 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 33 23 " " `` cord-320417-01l27d99 33 24 V v NN cord-320417-01l27d99 33 25 " " '' cord-320417-01l27d99 33 26 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 33 27 named name VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 33 28 after after IN cord-320417-01l27d99 33 29 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 33 30 mutation mutation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 33 31 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 33 32 ORF3a ORF3a NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 33 33 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 34 1 G251V G251V NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 34 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 34 3 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 34 4 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 34 5 transversion transversion NN cord-320417-01l27d99 34 6 mutation mutation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 34 7 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 34 8 G26144 G26144 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 34 9 T T NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 34 10 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 34 11 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 34 12 - - NN cord-320417-01l27d99 34 13 occurring occur VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 34 14 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 34 15 another another DT cord-320417-01l27d99 34 16 transversion transversion NN cord-320417-01l27d99 34 17 mutation mutation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 34 18 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 34 19 G11083 G11083 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 34 20 T T NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 34 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 35 1 ; ; : cord-320417-01l27d99 35 2 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 3 " " `` cord-320417-01l27d99 35 4 G g NN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 5 " " '' cord-320417-01l27d99 35 6 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 35 7 named name VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 8 after after IN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 9 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 35 10 D614 d614 NN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 11 G g NN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 12 mutation mutation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 13 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 14 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 35 15 spike spike NN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 16 protein protein NN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 35 18 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 19 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 35 20 transition transition NN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 21 mutation mutation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 22 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 23 A23403 A23403 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 35 24 G G NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 35 25 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 35 26 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 27 - - NN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 28 occurring occur VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 35 29 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 30 other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 35 31 three three CD cord-320417-01l27d99 35 32 transition transition NN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 33 mutations mutation NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 35 34 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 35 35 C241 c241 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 35 36 T T NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 35 37 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 35 38 C3037 C3037 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 35 39 T T NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 35 40 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 35 41 C14408 C14408 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 35 42 T T NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 35 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 35 44 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 36 1 Two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 36 2 derivative derivative JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 36 3 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 36 4 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 5 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 36 6 G g NN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 7 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 8 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 36 9 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 36 10 " " `` cord-320417-01l27d99 36 11 GH GH NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 36 12 " " '' cord-320417-01l27d99 36 13 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 14 characterized characterize VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 15 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 16 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 36 17 mutation mutation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 18 ORF3a orf3a XX cord-320417-01l27d99 36 19 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 36 20 Q57H q57h NN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 36 22 G25563 G25563 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 36 23 T T NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 36 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 36 25 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 36 26 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 36 27 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 36 28 " " `` cord-320417-01l27d99 36 29 GR GR NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 36 30 " " '' cord-320417-01l27d99 36 31 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 32 characterized characterize VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 33 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 34 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 36 35 trinucleotide trinucleotide NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 36 36 mutations mutation NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 36 37 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 38 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 36 39 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 36 40 gene gene NN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 41 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 36 42 inducing induce VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 36 43 G28881A G28881A NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 36 44 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 36 45 G28882A G28882A NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 36 46 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 36 47 G28883C. g28883c. NN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 48 From from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 49 these these DT cord-320417-01l27d99 36 50 85 85 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 36 51 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 52 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 36 53 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 36 54 44 44 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 36 55 belong belong VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 36 56 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 57 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 36 58 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 36 59 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 36 61 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 62 magenta magenta NN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 36 64 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 36 65 1 1 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 36 66 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 67 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 36 68 V v NN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 69 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 70 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 36 71 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 72 red red NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 36 73 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 36 74 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 36 75 18 18 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 36 76 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 77 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 36 78 G g NN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 79 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 80 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 36 81 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 82 green green JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 36 83 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 36 84 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 36 85 18 18 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 36 86 again again RB cord-320417-01l27d99 36 87 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 88 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 36 89 GH GH NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 36 90 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 91 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 36 92 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 93 cyan cyan NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 36 94 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 36 95 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 36 96 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 36 97 4 4 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 36 98 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 99 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 36 100 GR GR NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 36 101 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 102 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 36 103 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 104 orange orange NN cord-320417-01l27d99 36 105 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 36 106 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 37 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 37 2 same same JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 37 3 coloring coloring NN cord-320417-01l27d99 37 4 scheme scheme NN cord-320417-01l27d99 37 5 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 37 6 distinct distinct JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 37 7 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 37 8 will will MD cord-320417-01l27d99 37 9 be be VB cord-320417-01l27d99 37 10 used use VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 37 11 throughout throughout IN cord-320417-01l27d99 37 12 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 37 13 paper paper NN cord-320417-01l27d99 37 14 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 37 15 convenience convenience NN cord-320417-01l27d99 37 16 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 38 1 Profiling profiling NN cord-320417-01l27d99 38 2 SNPs SNPs NNPS cord-320417-01l27d99 38 3 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 38 4 another another DT cord-320417-01l27d99 38 5 way way NN cord-320417-01l27d99 38 6 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 38 7 show show VB cord-320417-01l27d99 38 8 frequencies frequency NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 38 9 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 38 10 mutations mutation NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 38 11 within within IN cord-320417-01l27d99 38 12 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 38 13 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 38 14 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 39 1 Shown show VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 39 2 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 39 3 Figure figure NN cord-320417-01l27d99 39 4 _SP cord-320417-01l27d99 39 5 2 2 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 39 6 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 39 7 profiles profile NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 39 8 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 39 9 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 39 10 dominant dominant JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 39 11 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 39 12 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 39 13 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 39 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 39 15 Fig Fig NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 39 16 2A 2a CD cord-320417-01l27d99 39 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 39 18 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 39 19 G G NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 39 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 39 21 Fig Fig NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 39 22 2B 2b CD cord-320417-01l27d99 39 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 39 24 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 40 1 High high JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 40 2 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 40 3 profile profile NN cord-320417-01l27d99 40 4 SNPs snp NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 40 5 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 40 6 those those DT cord-320417-01l27d99 40 7 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 40 8 top top JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 40 9 heights height NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 40 10 representing represent VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 40 11 high high JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 40 12 frequency frequency NN cord-320417-01l27d99 40 13 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 40 14 special special JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 40 15 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 40 16 loci locus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 40 17 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 41 1 Counts count NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 41 2 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 41 3 less less JJR cord-320417-01l27d99 41 4 than than IN cord-320417-01l27d99 41 5 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 41 6 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 41 7 omitted omit VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 41 8 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 41 9 reduce reduce VB cord-320417-01l27d99 41 10 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 41 11 background background NN cord-320417-01l27d99 41 12 noise noise NN cord-320417-01l27d99 41 13 caused cause VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 41 14 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 41 15 low low JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 41 16 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 41 17 profile profile NN cord-320417-01l27d99 41 18 de de FW cord-320417-01l27d99 41 19 novo novo NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 41 20 mutations mutation NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 41 21 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 42 1 Being be VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 42 2 unique unique JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 42 3 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 42 4 distinct distinct JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 42 5 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 42 6 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 42 7 high high JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 42 8 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 42 9 profile profile NN cord-320417-01l27d99 42 10 SNPs snp NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 42 11 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 42 12 considered consider VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 42 13 as as IN cord-320417-01l27d99 42 14 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 42 15 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 42 16 defining define VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 42 17 SNPs snp NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 42 18 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 43 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 43 2 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 43 3 analysis analysis NN cord-320417-01l27d99 43 4 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 43 5 as as IN cord-320417-01l27d99 43 6 commonly commonly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 43 7 used use VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 43 8 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 43 9 display display VB cord-320417-01l27d99 43 10 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 43 11 relationships relationship NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 43 12 among among IN cord-320417-01l27d99 43 13 species specie NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 43 14 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 43 15 employs employ VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 43 16 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 43 17 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 43 18 calculate calculate VB cord-320417-01l27d99 43 19 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 43 20 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 43 21 difference difference NN cord-320417-01l27d99 43 22 between between IN cord-320417-01l27d99 43 23 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 43 24 species specie NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 43 25 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 43 26 uses use VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 43 27 estimated estimate VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 43 28 distances distance NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 43 29 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 43 30 draw draw VB cord-320417-01l27d99 43 31 branching branch VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 43 32 patterns pattern NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 43 33 that that WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 43 34 display display VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 43 35 how how WRB cord-320417-01l27d99 43 36 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 43 37 species specie NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 43 38 evolved evolve VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 43 39 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 43 40 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 43 41 common common JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 43 42 ancestor ancestor NN cord-320417-01l27d99 43 43 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 44 1 Although although IN cord-320417-01l27d99 44 2 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 44 3 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 44 4 tree tree NN cord-320417-01l27d99 44 5 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 44 6 appealing appeal VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 44 7 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 44 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 44 9 traditionally traditionally RB cord-320417-01l27d99 44 10 ignores ignore VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 44 11 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 44 12 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 44 13 event event NN cord-320417-01l27d99 44 14 that that WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 44 15 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 44 16 another another DT cord-320417-01l27d99 44 17 major major JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 44 18 driving drive VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 44 19 force force NN cord-320417-01l27d99 44 20 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 44 21 evolution evolution NN cord-320417-01l27d99 44 22 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 44 23 causes cause NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 44 24 closely closely RB cord-320417-01l27d99 44 25 related relate VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 44 26 species specie NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 44 27 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 44 28 have have VB cord-320417-01l27d99 44 29 different different JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 44 30 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 44 31 histories history NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 44 32 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 45 1 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 45 2 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 45 3 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 45 4 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 45 5 an an DT cord-320417-01l27d99 45 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 45 7 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 45 8 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 45 9 limited limited JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 45 10 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 45 11 length length NN cord-320417-01l27d99 45 12 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 45 13 but but CC cord-320417-01l27d99 45 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 45 15 high high JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 45 16 mutation mutation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 45 17 rate rate NN cord-320417-01l27d99 45 18 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 45 19 homologous homologous JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 45 20 genetic genetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 45 21 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 45 22 nonetheless nonetheless RB cord-320417-01l27d99 45 23 gave give VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 45 24 rise rise NN cord-320417-01l27d99 45 25 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 45 26 exponentially exponentially RB cord-320417-01l27d99 45 27 increased increase VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 45 28 variants variant NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 45 29 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 46 1 Classical classical JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 46 2 studies study NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 46 3 based base VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 46 4 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 46 5 consensus consensus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 46 6 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 46 7 become become VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 46 8 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 46 9 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 46 10 interpret interpret VB cord-320417-01l27d99 46 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 46 12 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 46 13 potential potential NN cord-320417-01l27d99 46 14 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 47 1 Besides besides RB cord-320417-01l27d99 47 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 47 3 drawing draw VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 47 4 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 47 5 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 47 6 tree tree NN cord-320417-01l27d99 47 7 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 47 8 many many JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 47 9 species specie NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 47 10 becomes become VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 47 11 impractical impractical JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 47 12 due due IN cord-320417-01l27d99 47 13 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 47 14 constraints constraint NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 47 15 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 47 16 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 47 17 drawing drawing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 47 18 space space NN cord-320417-01l27d99 47 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 47 20 e.g. e.g. RB cord-320417-01l27d99 47 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 47 22 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 47 23 difficult difficult JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 47 24 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 47 25 layout layout VB cord-320417-01l27d99 47 26 merely merely RB cord-320417-01l27d99 47 27 85 85 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 47 28 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 47 29 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 47 30 Figure figure NN cord-320417-01l27d99 47 31 1 1 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 47 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 47 33 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 48 1 An an DT cord-320417-01l27d99 48 2 alternative alternative JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 48 3 method method NN cord-320417-01l27d99 48 4 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 48 5 needed need VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 48 6 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 48 7 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 48 8 impending impending JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 48 9 era era NN cord-320417-01l27d99 48 10 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 48 11 " " `` cord-320417-01l27d99 48 12 big big JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 48 13 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 48 14 data datum NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 48 15 " " '' cord-320417-01l27d99 48 16 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 48 17 when when WRB cord-320417-01l27d99 48 18 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 48 19 full full JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 48 20 wealth wealth NN cord-320417-01l27d99 48 21 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 48 22 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 48 23 collections collection NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 48 24 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 48 25 becoming become VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 48 26 available available JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 48 27 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 49 1 This this DT cord-320417-01l27d99 49 2 new new JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 49 3 method method NN cord-320417-01l27d99 49 4 should should MD cord-320417-01l27d99 49 5 also also RB cord-320417-01l27d99 49 6 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-320417-01l27d99 49 7 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 49 8 links link NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 49 9 between between IN cord-320417-01l27d99 49 10 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 49 11 variations variation NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 49 12 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 49 13 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 49 14 same same JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 49 15 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 49 16 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 50 1 Here here RB cord-320417-01l27d99 50 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 50 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 50 4 propose propose VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 50 5 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 50 6 2D 2d JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 50 7 mapping mapping NN cord-320417-01l27d99 50 8 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 50 9 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 50 10 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 50 11 occurring occur VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 50 12 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 50 13 pairs pair NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 50 14 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 51 1 In in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 51 2 brief brief NN cord-320417-01l27d99 51 3 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 51 4 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 51 5 matrix matrix NN cord-320417-01l27d99 51 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 51 7 n n NN cord-320417-01l27d99 51 8 x x NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 51 9 n n NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 51 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 51 11 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 51 12 created create VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 51 13 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 51 14 which which WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 51 15 " " `` cord-320417-01l27d99 51 16 n n NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 51 17 " " '' cord-320417-01l27d99 51 18 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 51 19 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 51 20 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 51 21 length length NN cord-320417-01l27d99 51 22 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 52 1 From from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 52 2 each each DT cord-320417-01l27d99 52 3 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 52 4 sequence sequence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 52 5 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 52 6 any any DT cord-320417-01l27d99 52 7 detected detect VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 52 8 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 52 9 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 52 10 occurring occur VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 52 11 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 52 12 pair pair NN cord-320417-01l27d99 52 13 will will MD cord-320417-01l27d99 52 14 be be VB cord-320417-01l27d99 52 15 used use VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 52 16 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 52 17 increase increase VB cord-320417-01l27d99 52 18 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 52 19 value value NN cord-320417-01l27d99 52 20 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 52 21 M M NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 52 22 ij ij NN cord-320417-01l27d99 52 23 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 52 24 1 1 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 52 25 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 52 26 where where WRB cord-320417-01l27d99 52 27 " " `` cord-320417-01l27d99 52 28 i i PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 52 29 " " '' cord-320417-01l27d99 52 30 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 52 31 " " `` cord-320417-01l27d99 52 32 j j NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 52 33 " " '' cord-320417-01l27d99 52 34 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 52 35 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 52 36 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 52 37 positions position NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 52 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 52 39 loci locus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 52 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 52 41 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 52 42 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 52 43 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 52 44 that that DT cord-320417-01l27d99 52 45 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 52 46 pair pair NN cord-320417-01l27d99 52 47 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 53 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 53 2 final final JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 53 3 matrix matrix NN cord-320417-01l27d99 53 4 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 53 5 then then RB cord-320417-01l27d99 53 6 normalized normalize VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 53 7 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 53 8 dividing divide VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 53 9 each each DT cord-320417-01l27d99 53 10 element element NN cord-320417-01l27d99 53 11 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 53 12 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 53 13 total total JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 53 14 number number NN cord-320417-01l27d99 53 15 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 53 16 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 53 17 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 53 18 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 54 1 Directly directly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 54 2 plotting plot VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 54 3 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 54 4 this this DT cord-320417-01l27d99 54 5 matrix matrix NN cord-320417-01l27d99 54 6 into into IN cord-320417-01l27d99 54 7 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 54 8 2D 2d JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 54 9 scaled scale VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 54 10 map map NN cord-320417-01l27d99 54 11 will will MD cord-320417-01l27d99 54 12 generate generate VB cord-320417-01l27d99 54 13 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 54 14 diagonally diagonally RB cord-320417-01l27d99 54 15 symmetric symmetric JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 54 16 pattern pattern NN cord-320417-01l27d99 54 17 that that WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 54 18 displays display VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 54 19 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 54 20 distribution distribution NN cord-320417-01l27d99 54 21 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 54 22 population population NN cord-320417-01l27d99 54 23 percentages percentage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 54 24 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 54 25 every every DT cord-320417-01l27d99 54 26 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 54 27 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 54 28 occurring occur VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 54 29 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 54 30 pairs pair NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 54 31 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 54 32 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 54 33 whole whole JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 54 34 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 54 35 set set NN cord-320417-01l27d99 54 36 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 55 1 However however RB cord-320417-01l27d99 55 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 55 3 including include VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 55 4 all all DT cord-320417-01l27d99 55 5 ~30,000 ~30,000 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 55 6 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 55 7 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 55 8 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 55 9 full full JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 55 10 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 55 11 scale scale NN cord-320417-01l27d99 55 12 image image NN cord-320417-01l27d99 55 13 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 55 14 overwhelming overwhelming JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 55 15 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 55 16 normal normal JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 55 17 human human JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 55 18 eyes eye NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 55 19 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 55 20 process process VB cord-320417-01l27d99 55 21 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 56 1 A a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 56 2 simpler simple JJR cord-320417-01l27d99 56 3 format format NN cord-320417-01l27d99 56 4 including include VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 56 5 only only RB cord-320417-01l27d99 56 6 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 56 7 selected select VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 56 8 set set NN cord-320417-01l27d99 56 9 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 56 10 loci locus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 56 11 would would MD cord-320417-01l27d99 56 12 be be VB cord-320417-01l27d99 56 13 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 56 14 better well JJR cord-320417-01l27d99 56 15 way way NN cord-320417-01l27d99 56 16 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 56 17 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-320417-01l27d99 56 18 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 56 19 concept concept NN cord-320417-01l27d99 56 20 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 57 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 57 2 plotted plot VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 57 3 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 57 4 bubble bubble NN cord-320417-01l27d99 57 5 map map NN cord-320417-01l27d99 57 6 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 57 7 those those DT cord-320417-01l27d99 57 8 12 12 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 57 9 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 57 10 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 57 11 defining define VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 57 12 SNPs SNPs NNPS cord-320417-01l27d99 57 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 57 14 including include VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 57 15 241 241 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 57 16 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 57 17 3037 3037 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 57 18 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 57 19 8782 8782 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 57 20 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 57 21 11083 11083 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 57 22 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 57 23 14408 14408 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 57 24 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 57 25 23403 23403 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 57 26 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 57 27 25563 25563 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 57 28 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 57 29 26144 26144 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 57 30 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 57 31 28144 28144 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 57 32 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 57 33 28881 28881 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 57 34 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 57 35 28882 28882 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 57 36 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 57 37 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 57 38 28883 28883 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 57 39 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 57 40 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 57 41 order order NN cord-320417-01l27d99 57 42 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 57 43 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 57 44 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 57 45 position position NN cord-320417-01l27d99 57 46 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 57 47 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 57 48 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 57 49 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 57 50 colored color VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 57 51 according accord VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 57 52 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 57 53 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 57 54 representing represent VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 57 55 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 57 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 57 57 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 58 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 58 2 radius radius NN cord-320417-01l27d99 58 3 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 58 4 each each DT cord-320417-01l27d99 58 5 bubble bubble NN cord-320417-01l27d99 58 6 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 58 7 proportional proportional JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 58 8 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 58 9 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 58 10 corresponding correspond VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 58 11 population population NN cord-320417-01l27d99 58 12 percentage percentage NN cord-320417-01l27d99 58 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 58 14 see see VB cord-320417-01l27d99 58 15 Figure figure NN cord-320417-01l27d99 58 16 3 3 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 58 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 58 18 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 59 1 In in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 59 2 this this DT cord-320417-01l27d99 59 3 kind kind NN cord-320417-01l27d99 59 4 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 59 5 2D 2D NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 59 6 map map NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 59 7 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 59 8 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 59 9 colored colored JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 59 10 bubble bubble NN cord-320417-01l27d99 59 11 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 59 12 an an DT cord-320417-01l27d99 59 13 intra intra JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 59 14 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 59 15 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 59 16 intersection intersection NN cord-320417-01l27d99 59 17 represents represent VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 59 18 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 59 19 population population NN cord-320417-01l27d99 59 20 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 59 21 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 59 22 representing represent VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 59 23 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 59 24 ; ; : cord-320417-01l27d99 59 25 while while IN cord-320417-01l27d99 59 26 regions region NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 59 27 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 59 28 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 59 29 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 59 30 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 59 31 intersections intersection NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 59 32 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 59 33 normally normally RB cord-320417-01l27d99 59 34 empty empty JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 59 35 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 59 36 indicating indicate VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 59 37 no no DT cord-320417-01l27d99 59 38 crossover crossover NN cord-320417-01l27d99 59 39 between between IN cord-320417-01l27d99 59 40 distinct distinct JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 59 41 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 59 42 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 60 1 In in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 60 2 Figure figure NN cord-320417-01l27d99 60 3 3 3 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 60 4 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 60 5 however however RB cord-320417-01l27d99 60 6 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 60 7 there there EX cord-320417-01l27d99 60 8 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 60 9 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 60 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 60 11 or or CC cord-320417-01l27d99 60 12 four four CD cord-320417-01l27d99 60 13 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 60 14 if if IN cord-320417-01l27d99 60 15 accounting account VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 60 16 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 60 17 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 60 18 diagonal diagonal JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 60 19 symmetry symmetry NN cord-320417-01l27d99 60 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 60 21 regions region NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 60 22 belonging belong VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 60 23 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 60 24 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 60 25 pairs pair NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 60 26 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 60 27 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 60 28 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 60 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 60 30 3037 3037 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 60 31 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 60 32 8782 8782 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 60 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 60 34 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 60 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 60 36 3037 3037 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 60 37 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 60 38 28144 28144 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 60 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 60 40 that that WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 60 41 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 60 42 not not RB cord-320417-01l27d99 60 43 empty empty JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 60 44 but but CC cord-320417-01l27d99 60 45 have have VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 60 46 small small JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 60 47 black black JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 60 48 dots dot NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 60 49 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 61 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 61 2 locus locus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 61 3 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 61 4 3037 3037 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 61 5 belongs belong VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 61 6 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 61 7 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 61 8 G g NN cord-320417-01l27d99 61 9 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 61 10 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 61 11 both both DT cord-320417-01l27d99 61 12 loci locus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 61 13 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 61 14 8782 8782 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 61 15 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 61 16 28144 28144 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 61 17 belong belong VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 61 18 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 61 19 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 61 20 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 61 21 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 61 22 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 62 1 These these DT cord-320417-01l27d99 62 2 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 62 3 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 62 4 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 62 5 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 62 6 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 62 7 occurring occur VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 62 8 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 62 9 pairs pair NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 62 10 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 62 11 found find VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 62 12 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 62 13 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 62 14 lineages lineage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 62 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 62 16 MC2254592 MC2254592 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 62 17 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 62 18 MC2258576 MC2258576 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 62 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 62 20 that that WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 62 21 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 62 22 previously previously RB cord-320417-01l27d99 62 23 highlighted highlight VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 62 24 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 62 25 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 62 26 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 62 27 tree tree NN cord-320417-01l27d99 62 28 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 62 29 Figure figure NN cord-320417-01l27d99 62 30 1 1 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 62 31 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 63 1 There there EX cord-320417-01l27d99 63 2 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 63 3 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 63 4 possibilities possibility NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 63 5 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 63 6 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 63 7 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 63 8 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 63 9 crossover crossover NN cord-320417-01l27d99 63 10 events event NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 63 11 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 63 12 1 1 LS cord-320417-01l27d99 63 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 63 14 a a FW cord-320417-01l27d99 63 15 de de FW cord-320417-01l27d99 63 16 novo novo NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 63 17 mutation mutation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 63 18 ; ; : cord-320417-01l27d99 63 19 2 2 LS cord-320417-01l27d99 63 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 63 21 homologous homologous JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 63 22 genetic genetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 63 23 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 63 24 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 64 1 These these DT cord-320417-01l27d99 64 2 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 64 3 lineages lineage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 64 4 both both DT cord-320417-01l27d99 64 5 have have VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 64 6 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 64 7 total total NN cord-320417-01l27d99 64 8 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 64 9 eight eight CD cord-320417-01l27d99 64 10 SNPs snp NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 64 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 64 12 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 64 13 MC2254592 mc2254592 NN cord-320417-01l27d99 64 14 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 64 15 2078 2078 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 64 16 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 64 17 3037 3037 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 64 18 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 64 19 8782 8782 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 64 20 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 64 21 19684 19684 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 64 22 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 64 23 24043 24043 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 64 24 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 64 25 28077 28077 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 64 26 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 64 27 28144 28144 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 64 28 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 64 29 28849 28849 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 64 30 ; ; : cord-320417-01l27d99 64 31 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 64 32 MC2258576 MC2258576 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 64 33 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 64 34 3037 3037 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 64 35 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 64 36 3177 3177 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 64 37 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 64 38 8782 8782 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 64 39 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 64 40 11897 11897 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 64 41 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 64 42 19684 19684 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 64 43 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 64 44 24034 24034 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 64 45 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 64 46 25505 25505 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 64 47 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 64 48 28144 28144 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 64 49 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 64 50 colored color VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 64 51 according accord VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 64 52 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 64 53 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 64 54 representative representative JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 64 55 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 64 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 64 57 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 65 1 According accord VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 65 2 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 65 3 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 65 4 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 65 5 profile profile NN cord-320417-01l27d99 65 6 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 65 7 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 65 8 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 65 9 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 65 10 shown show VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 65 11 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 65 12 Figure Figure NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 65 13 2A 2a CD cord-320417-01l27d99 65 14 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 65 15 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 65 16 lineage lineage NN cord-320417-01l27d99 65 17 MC2254592 mc2254592 NN cord-320417-01l27d99 65 18 has have VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 65 19 six six CD cord-320417-01l27d99 65 20 high high JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 65 21 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 65 22 profile profile NN cord-320417-01l27d99 65 23 SNPs snp NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 65 24 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 65 25 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 65 26 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 65 27 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 65 28 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 65 29 , , . cord-320417-01l27d99 66 1 while while IN cord-320417-01l27d99 66 2 MC2258576 MC2258576 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 66 3 has have VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 66 4 five five CD cord-320417-01l27d99 66 5 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 66 6 which which WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 66 7 might may MD cord-320417-01l27d99 66 8 be be VB cord-320417-01l27d99 66 9 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 66 10 reason reason NN cord-320417-01l27d99 66 11 why why WRB cord-320417-01l27d99 66 12 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 66 13 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 66 14 tree tree NN cord-320417-01l27d99 66 15 includes include VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 66 16 them -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 66 17 both both DT cord-320417-01l27d99 66 18 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 66 19 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 66 20 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 66 21 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 66 22 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 67 1 Other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 67 2 than than IN cord-320417-01l27d99 67 3 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 67 4 high high JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 67 5 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 67 6 profile profile NN cord-320417-01l27d99 67 7 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 67 8 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 67 9 3037 3037 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 67 10 representing represent VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 67 11 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 67 12 G g NN cord-320417-01l27d99 67 13 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 67 14 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 67 15 there there EX cord-320417-01l27d99 67 16 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 67 17 only only RB cord-320417-01l27d99 67 18 one one CD cord-320417-01l27d99 67 19 low low JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 67 20 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 67 21 profile profile NN cord-320417-01l27d99 67 22 mutation mutation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 67 23 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 67 24 MC2254592 mc2254592 NN cord-320417-01l27d99 67 25 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 67 26 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 67 27 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 67 28 MC2258576 MC2258576 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 67 29 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 68 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 68 2 small small JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 68 3 number number NN cord-320417-01l27d99 68 4 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 68 5 low low JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 68 6 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 68 7 profile profile NN cord-320417-01l27d99 68 8 SNPs snp NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 68 9 found find VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 68 10 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 68 11 both both DT cord-320417-01l27d99 68 12 lineages lineage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 68 13 suggests suggest VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 68 14 that that IN cord-320417-01l27d99 68 15 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 68 16 possibility possibility NN cord-320417-01l27d99 68 17 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 68 18 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 68 19 de de FW cord-320417-01l27d99 68 20 novo novo NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 68 21 mutation mutation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 68 22 causing cause VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 68 23 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 68 24 high high JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 68 25 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 68 26 profile profile NN cord-320417-01l27d99 68 27 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 68 28 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 68 29 3037 3037 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 68 30 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 68 31 occur occur VB cord-320417-01l27d99 68 32 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 68 33 an an DT cord-320417-01l27d99 68 34 S s NN cord-320417-01l27d99 68 35 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 68 36 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 68 37 lineage lineage NN cord-320417-01l27d99 68 38 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 68 39 very very RB cord-320417-01l27d99 68 40 low low JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 68 41 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 69 1 Homologous homologous JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 69 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 69 3 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 69 4 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 69 5 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 69 6 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 69 7 other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 69 8 hand hand NN cord-320417-01l27d99 69 9 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 69 10 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 69 11 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 69 12 major major JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 69 13 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 69 14 driving driving NN cord-320417-01l27d99 69 15 forces force NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 69 16 found find VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 69 17 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 69 18 all all DT cord-320417-01l27d99 69 19 kingdoms kingdom NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 69 20 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 69 21 living live VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 69 22 organisms organism NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 69 23 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 70 1 Viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 70 2 homologous homologous JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 70 3 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 70 4 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 70 5 discovered discover VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 70 6 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 70 7 several several JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 70 8 other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 70 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 70 10 viruses virus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 70 11 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 70 12 has have VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 70 13 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 70 14 potential potential NN cord-320417-01l27d99 70 15 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 70 16 create create VB cord-320417-01l27d99 70 17 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 70 18 novel novel JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 70 19 strain strain NN cord-320417-01l27d99 70 20 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 70 21 enhanced enhanced JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 70 22 virulence virulence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 70 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 70 24 8 8 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 70 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 70 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 70 27 9 9 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 70 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 70 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 70 30 10 10 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 70 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 70 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 70 33 11 11 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 70 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 70 35 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 71 1 For for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 71 2 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 71 3 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 71 4 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 71 5 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 71 6 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 71 7 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 71 8 several several JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 71 9 accounts account NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 71 10 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 71 11 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 71 12 events event NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 71 13 have have VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 71 14 been be VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 71 15 reported report VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 71 16 12 12 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 71 17 - - SYM cord-320417-01l27d99 71 18 14 14 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 71 19 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 72 1 There there EX cord-320417-01l27d99 72 2 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 72 3 several several JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 72 4 tools tool NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 72 5 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 72 6 including include VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 72 7 Simplot Simplot NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 72 8 15 15 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 72 9 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 72 10 RDP4 RDP4 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 72 11 16 16 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 72 12 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 72 13 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 72 14 PhiPack PhiPack NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 72 15 17 17 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 72 16 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 72 17 that that WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 72 18 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 72 19 specifically specifically RB cord-320417-01l27d99 72 20 designed design VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 72 21 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 72 22 detecting detect VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 72 23 homologous homologous JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 72 24 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 72 25 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 73 1 But but CC cord-320417-01l27d99 73 2 none none NN cord-320417-01l27d99 73 3 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 73 4 these these DT cord-320417-01l27d99 73 5 tools tool NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 73 6 can can MD cord-320417-01l27d99 73 7 detect detect VB cord-320417-01l27d99 73 8 any any DT cord-320417-01l27d99 73 9 possible possible JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 73 10 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 73 11 events event NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 73 12 among among IN cord-320417-01l27d99 73 13 85 85 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 73 14 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 73 15 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 73 16 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 73 17 possibly possibly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 73 18 due due JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 73 19 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 73 20 low low JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 73 21 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 73 22 frequency frequency NN cord-320417-01l27d99 73 23 events event NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 73 24 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 73 25 few few JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 73 26 SNPs snp NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 73 27 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 74 1 For for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 74 2 example example NN cord-320417-01l27d99 74 3 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 74 4 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 74 5 PhiPack PhiPack NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 74 6 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 74 7 designed design VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 74 8 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 74 9 work work VB cord-320417-01l27d99 74 10 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 74 11 low low JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 74 12 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 74 13 divergence divergence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 74 14 genomes genome NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 74 15 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 74 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 74 17 still still RB cord-320417-01l27d99 74 18 requires require VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 74 19 1~5 1~5 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 74 20 % % NN cord-320417-01l27d99 74 21 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 74 22 variants variant NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 74 23 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 74 24 perform perform VB cord-320417-01l27d99 74 25 statistical statistical JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 74 26 analysis analysis NN cord-320417-01l27d99 74 27 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 75 1 Because because IN cord-320417-01l27d99 75 2 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 75 3 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 75 4 relatively relatively RB cord-320417-01l27d99 75 5 short short JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 75 6 period period NN cord-320417-01l27d99 75 7 into into IN cord-320417-01l27d99 75 8 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 75 9 pandemic pandemic NN cord-320417-01l27d99 75 10 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 75 11 most most JJS cord-320417-01l27d99 75 12 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 75 13 lineages lineage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 75 14 have have VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 75 15 less less JJR cord-320417-01l27d99 75 16 than than IN cord-320417-01l27d99 75 17 20 20 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 75 18 SNPs snp NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 75 19 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 75 20 which which WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 75 21 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 75 22 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 75 23 only only RB cord-320417-01l27d99 75 24 0.067 0.067 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 75 25 % % NN cord-320417-01l27d99 75 26 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 75 27 variant variant JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 75 28 percentage percentage NN cord-320417-01l27d99 75 29 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 76 1 This this DT cord-320417-01l27d99 76 2 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 76 3 why why WRB cord-320417-01l27d99 76 4 all all DT cord-320417-01l27d99 76 5 previously previously RB cord-320417-01l27d99 76 6 reported report VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 76 7 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 76 8 events event NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 76 9 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 76 10 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 76 11 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 76 12 Cov-2 Cov-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 76 13 have have VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 76 14 relied rely VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 76 15 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 76 16 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 76 17 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 76 18 defining define VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 76 19 SNPs snp NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 76 20 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 77 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 77 2 2D 2d NN cord-320417-01l27d99 77 3 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 77 4 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 77 5 occurring occurring JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 77 6 variant variant NN cord-320417-01l27d99 77 7 mapping mapping NN cord-320417-01l27d99 77 8 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 77 9 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 77 10 simple simple JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 77 11 way way NN cord-320417-01l27d99 77 12 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 77 13 display display VB cord-320417-01l27d99 77 14 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 77 15 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 77 16 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 77 17 hybrid hybrid JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 77 18 lineages lineage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 77 19 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 77 20 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 77 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 77 22 can can MD cord-320417-01l27d99 77 23 be be VB cord-320417-01l27d99 77 24 used use VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 77 25 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 77 26 directly directly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 77 27 compare compare VB cord-320417-01l27d99 77 28 distributions distribution NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 77 29 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 77 30 populations population NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 77 31 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 77 32 intra intra NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 77 33 - - : cord-320417-01l27d99 77 34 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 77 35 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 77 36 - - NN cord-320417-01l27d99 77 37 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 77 38 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 77 39 different different JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 77 40 geographic geographic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 77 41 locations location NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 77 42 or or CC cord-320417-01l27d99 77 43 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 77 44 same same JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 77 45 location location NN cord-320417-01l27d99 77 46 but but CC cord-320417-01l27d99 77 47 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 77 48 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 77 49 different different JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 77 50 time time NN cord-320417-01l27d99 77 51 point point NN cord-320417-01l27d99 77 52 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 78 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-320417-01l27d99 78 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 78 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 78 4 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 78 5 worth worth JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 78 6 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 78 7 examine examine VB cord-320417-01l27d99 78 8 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 78 9 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 78 10 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 78 11 around around IN cord-320417-01l27d99 78 12 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 78 13 world world NN cord-320417-01l27d99 78 14 that that WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 78 15 have have VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 78 16 been be VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 78 17 deposited deposit VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 78 18 into into IN cord-320417-01l27d99 78 19 public public JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 78 20 domains domain NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 78 21 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 79 1 3 3 LS cord-320417-01l27d99 79 2 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 80 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 80 2 big big JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 80 3 picture picture NN cord-320417-01l27d99 80 4 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 80 5 homologous homologous JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 80 6 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 80 7 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 81 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 81 2 downloaded download VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 81 3 ~18,000 ~18,000 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 81 4 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 81 5 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 81 6 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 81 7 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 81 8 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 81 9 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 81 10 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 81 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 81 12 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 81 13 September September NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 81 14 2 2 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 81 15 nd nd NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 81 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 81 17 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 81 18 used use VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 81 19 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 81 20 same same JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 81 21 criterion criterion NN cord-320417-01l27d99 81 22 as as IN cord-320417-01l27d99 81 23 before before RB cord-320417-01l27d99 81 24 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 81 25 search search VB cord-320417-01l27d99 81 26 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 81 27 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 81 28 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 81 29 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 81 30 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 81 31 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 81 32 occurring occur VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 81 33 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 81 34 pairs pair NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 81 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 81 36 see see VB cord-320417-01l27d99 81 37 method method NN cord-320417-01l27d99 81 38 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 81 39 details detail NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 81 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 81 41 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 82 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 82 2 first first RB cord-320417-01l27d99 82 3 looked look VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 82 4 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 82 5 domestic domestic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 82 6 regions region NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 82 7 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 82 8 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 82 9 US US NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 82 10 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 82 11 focused focus VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 82 12 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 82 13 four four CD cord-320417-01l27d99 82 14 states state NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 82 15 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 82 16 including include VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 82 17 New New NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 82 18 York York NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 82 19 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 82 20 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 82 21 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 82 22 California California NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 82 23 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 82 24 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 82 25 Washington Washington NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 82 26 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 82 27 that that WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 82 28 represent represent VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 82 29 different different JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 82 30 geographic geographic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 82 31 regions region NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 82 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 82 33 see see VB cord-320417-01l27d99 82 34 Figure Figure NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 82 35 4 4 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 82 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 82 37 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 83 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 83 2 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 83 3 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 83 4 collection collection NN cord-320417-01l27d99 83 5 had have VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 83 6 124 124 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 83 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 83 8 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 83 9 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 83 10 time time NN cord-320417-01l27d99 83 11 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 83 12 this this DT cord-320417-01l27d99 83 13 study study NN cord-320417-01l27d99 83 14 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 84 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 84 2 2D 2d JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 84 3 plot plot NN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 4 shows show VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 84 5 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 84 6 pattern pattern NN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 7 similar similar JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 84 8 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 9 that that DT cord-320417-01l27d99 84 10 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 11 Figure figure NN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 12 3 3 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 84 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 84 14 no no RB cord-320417-01l27d99 84 15 doubt doubt RB cord-320417-01l27d99 84 16 given give VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 17 that that IN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 18 Mayo Mayo NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 84 19 Clinic Clinic NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 84 20 Rochester Rochester NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 84 21 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 84 22 located locate VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 23 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 24 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 84 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 84 26 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 84 27 which which WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 84 28 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 84 29 dominated dominate VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 30 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 31 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 84 32 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 84 33 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 84 34 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 84 35 G g NN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 36 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 37 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 84 38 followed follow VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 39 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 40 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 84 41 smaller small JJR cord-320417-01l27d99 84 42 population population NN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 43 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 44 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 84 45 GH GH NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 84 46 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 47 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 84 48 an an DT cord-320417-01l27d99 84 49 even even RB cord-320417-01l27d99 84 50 less less RBR cord-320417-01l27d99 84 51 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 84 52 populous populous JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 84 53 GR GR NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 84 54 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 55 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 84 56 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 57 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 84 58 V v NN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 59 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 60 as as IN cord-320417-01l27d99 84 61 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 84 62 least least JJS cord-320417-01l27d99 84 63 populous populous JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 84 64 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 85 1 There there EX cord-320417-01l27d99 85 2 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 85 3 also also RB cord-320417-01l27d99 85 4 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 85 5 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 85 6 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 85 7 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 85 8 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 85 9 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 85 10 occurring occur VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 85 11 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 85 12 pairs pair NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 85 13 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 85 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 85 15 8782 8782 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 85 16 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 85 17 23403 23403 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 85 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 85 19 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 85 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 85 21 28144 28144 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 85 22 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 85 23 23403 23403 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 85 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 85 25 between between IN cord-320417-01l27d99 85 26 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 85 27 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 85 28 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 85 29 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 85 30 G g NN cord-320417-01l27d99 85 31 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 85 32 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 86 1 Both both DT cord-320417-01l27d99 86 2 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 86 3 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 86 4 occurring occur VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 86 5 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 86 6 pairs pair NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 86 7 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 86 8 identified identify VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 86 9 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 86 10 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 86 11 same same JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 86 12 lineage lineage NN cord-320417-01l27d99 86 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 86 14 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 86 15 access access NN cord-320417-01l27d99 86 16 ID ID NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 86 17 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 86 18 MT920018 mt920018 NN cord-320417-01l27d99 86 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 86 20 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 87 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 87 2 New New NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 87 3 York York NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 87 4 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 87 5 collection collection NN cord-320417-01l27d99 87 6 had have VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 87 7 285 285 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 87 8 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 87 9 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 87 10 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 87 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 87 12 2D 2d JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 87 13 plot plot NN cord-320417-01l27d99 87 14 shows show VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 87 15 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 87 16 equally equally RB cord-320417-01l27d99 87 17 dominant dominant JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 87 18 G g NN cord-320417-01l27d99 87 19 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 87 20 GH GH NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 87 21 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 87 22 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 87 23 followed follow VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 87 24 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 87 25 V V NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 87 26 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 87 27 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 87 28 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 87 29 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 87 30 GR GR NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 87 31 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 87 32 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 88 1 Inter Inter NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 88 2 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 88 3 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 88 4 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 88 5 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 88 6 occurring occur VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 88 7 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 88 8 pairs pair NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 88 9 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 88 10 found find VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 88 11 between between IN cord-320417-01l27d99 88 12 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 88 13 locus locus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 88 14 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 88 15 11083 11083 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 88 16 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 88 17 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 88 18 V v NN cord-320417-01l27d99 88 19 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 88 20 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 88 21 all all DT cord-320417-01l27d99 88 22 other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 88 23 representative representative JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 88 24 loci locus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 88 25 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 88 26 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 88 27 G G NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 88 28 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 88 29 GH GH NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 88 30 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 88 31 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 89 1 These these DT cord-320417-01l27d99 89 2 co co JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 89 3 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 89 4 occurring occurring JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 89 5 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 89 6 pairs pair NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 89 7 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 89 8 identified identify VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 89 9 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 89 10 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 89 11 lineages lineage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 89 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 89 13 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 89 14 access access NN cord-320417-01l27d99 89 15 ID ID NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 89 16 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 89 17 MT370869 mt370869 XX cord-320417-01l27d99 89 18 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 89 19 MT370986 MT370986 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 89 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 89 21 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 90 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 90 2 California California NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 90 3 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 90 4 collection collection NN cord-320417-01l27d99 90 5 had have VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 90 6 916 916 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 90 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 90 8 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 90 9 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 90 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 90 11 2D 2d JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 90 12 plot plot NN cord-320417-01l27d99 90 13 shows show VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 90 14 increased increase VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 90 15 differences difference NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 90 16 when when WRB cord-320417-01l27d99 90 17 compared compare VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 90 18 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 90 19 that that DT cord-320417-01l27d99 90 20 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 90 21 New New NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 90 22 York York NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 90 23 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 91 1 In in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 91 2 California California NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 91 3 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 91 4 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 91 5 largest large JJS cord-320417-01l27d99 91 6 cluster cluster NN cord-320417-01l27d99 91 7 still still RB cord-320417-01l27d99 91 8 belongs belong VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 91 9 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 91 10 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 91 11 G g NN cord-320417-01l27d99 91 12 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 91 13 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 92 1 Yet yet CC cord-320417-01l27d99 92 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 92 3 both both CC cord-320417-01l27d99 92 4 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 92 5 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 92 6 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 92 7 GR GR NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 92 8 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 92 9 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 92 10 significantly significantly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 92 11 bigger big JJR cord-320417-01l27d99 92 12 than than IN cord-320417-01l27d99 92 13 those those DT cord-320417-01l27d99 92 14 found find VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 92 15 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 92 16 New New NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 92 17 York York NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 92 18 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 93 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 93 2 V v NN cord-320417-01l27d99 93 3 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 93 4 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 93 5 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 93 6 least least RBS cord-320417-01l27d99 93 7 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 93 8 populous populous JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 93 9 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 94 1 Again again RB cord-320417-01l27d99 94 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 94 3 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 94 4 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 94 5 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 94 6 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 94 7 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 94 8 occurring occur VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 94 9 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 94 10 pairs pair NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 94 11 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 94 12 found find VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 94 13 between between IN cord-320417-01l27d99 94 14 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 94 15 11083 11083 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 94 16 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 94 17 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 94 18 V v NN cord-320417-01l27d99 94 19 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 94 20 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 94 21 all all DT cord-320417-01l27d99 94 22 other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 94 23 representative representative JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 94 24 loci locus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 94 25 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 94 26 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 94 27 G g NN cord-320417-01l27d99 94 28 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 94 29 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 94 30 GH GH NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 94 31 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 94 32 that that WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 94 33 correspond correspond VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 94 34 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 94 35 six six CD cord-320417-01l27d99 94 36 lineages lineage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 94 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 94 38 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 94 39 access access NN cord-320417-01l27d99 94 40 ID ID NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 94 41 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 94 42 MT628091 mt628091 NN cord-320417-01l27d99 94 43 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 94 44 MT628092 mt628092 NN cord-320417-01l27d99 94 45 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 94 46 MT628093 mt628093 NN cord-320417-01l27d99 94 47 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 94 48 MT750350 MT750350 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 94 49 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 94 50 MT750445 MT750445 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 94 51 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 94 52 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 94 53 MT806758 MT806758 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 94 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 94 55 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 95 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 95 2 Washington Washington NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 95 3 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 95 4 collection collection NN cord-320417-01l27d99 95 5 had have VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 95 6 3,572 3,572 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 95 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 95 8 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 95 9 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 95 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 95 11 2D 2d JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 95 12 plot plot NN cord-320417-01l27d99 95 13 shows show VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 95 14 significantly significantly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 95 15 increased increase VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 95 16 populations population NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 95 17 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 95 18 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 95 19 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 95 20 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 95 21 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 95 22 GR GR NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 95 23 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 95 24 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 96 1 Three three CD cord-320417-01l27d99 96 2 groups group NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 96 3 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 96 4 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 96 5 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 96 6 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 96 7 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 96 8 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 96 9 occurring occur VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 96 10 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 96 11 pairs pair NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 96 12 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 96 13 revealed reveal VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 96 14 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 97 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 97 2 first first JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 97 3 one one NN cord-320417-01l27d99 97 4 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 97 5 between between IN cord-320417-01l27d99 97 6 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 97 7 locus locus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 97 8 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 97 9 11083 11083 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 97 10 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 97 11 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 97 12 V v NN cord-320417-01l27d99 97 13 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 97 14 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 97 15 all all DT cord-320417-01l27d99 97 16 other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 97 17 major major JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 97 18 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 97 19 ; ; : cord-320417-01l27d99 97 20 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 97 21 second second JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 97 22 one one NN cord-320417-01l27d99 97 23 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 97 24 found find VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 97 25 between between IN cord-320417-01l27d99 97 26 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 97 27 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 97 28 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 97 29 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 97 30 G g NN cord-320417-01l27d99 97 31 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 97 32 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 97 33 involving involve VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 97 34 both both DT cord-320417-01l27d99 97 35 representative representative JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 97 36 loci locus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 97 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 97 38 8782 8782 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 97 39 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 97 40 28144 28144 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 97 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 97 42 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 97 43 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 97 44 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 97 45 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 97 46 ; ; : cord-320417-01l27d99 97 47 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 97 48 third third JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 97 49 one one NN cord-320417-01l27d99 97 50 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 97 51 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 97 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 97 53 25563 25563 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 97 54 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 97 55 28881/2/3 28881/2/3 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 97 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 97 57 between between IN cord-320417-01l27d99 97 58 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 97 59 GH GH NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 97 60 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 97 61 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 97 62 GR GR NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 97 63 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 97 64 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 98 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 98 2 long long JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 98 3 list list NN cord-320417-01l27d99 98 4 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 98 5 corresponding correspond VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 98 6 lineages lineage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 98 7 can can MD cord-320417-01l27d99 98 8 be be VB cord-320417-01l27d99 98 9 found find VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 98 10 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 98 11 supplemental supplemental JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 98 12 Table table NN cord-320417-01l27d99 98 13 s1 s1 NN cord-320417-01l27d99 98 14 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 99 1 Here here RB cord-320417-01l27d99 99 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 99 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 99 4 paid pay VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 99 5 my -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 99 6 attention attention NN cord-320417-01l27d99 99 7 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 99 8 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 99 9 second second JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 99 10 group group NN cord-320417-01l27d99 99 11 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 99 12 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 99 13 which which WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 99 14 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 99 15 representative representative JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 99 16 loci locus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 99 17 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-320417-01l27d99 99 18 crossing cross VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 99 19 over over RP cord-320417-01l27d99 99 20 into into IN cord-320417-01l27d99 99 21 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 99 22 distinct distinct JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 99 23 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 99 24 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 99 25 which which WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 99 26 would would MD cord-320417-01l27d99 99 27 be be VB cord-320417-01l27d99 99 28 stronger strong JJR cord-320417-01l27d99 99 29 evidence evidence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 99 30 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 99 31 homologous homologous JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 99 32 genetic genetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 99 33 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 99 34 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 100 1 Three three CD cord-320417-01l27d99 100 2 candidate candidate NN cord-320417-01l27d99 100 3 lineages lineage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 100 4 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 100 5 identified identify VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 100 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 100 7 also also RB cord-320417-01l27d99 100 8 labeled label VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 100 9 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 100 10 an an DT cord-320417-01l27d99 100 11 underline underline NN cord-320417-01l27d99 100 12 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 100 13 Table Table NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 100 14 S1 S1 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 100 15 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 101 1 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 101 2 access access NN cord-320417-01l27d99 101 3 ID ID NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 102 1 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 102 2 MT834063 MT834063 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 102 3 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 102 4 MT821583 MT821583 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 102 5 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 102 6 MT834220 MT834220 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 102 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 102 8 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 103 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 103 2 lineage lineage NN cord-320417-01l27d99 103 3 MT834063 mt834063 NN cord-320417-01l27d99 103 4 has have VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 103 5 11 11 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 6 loci locus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 103 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 103 8 316 316 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 9 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 103 10 1526 1526 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 11 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 103 12 5622 5622 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 13 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 103 14 8782 8782 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 15 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 103 16 14408 14408 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 17 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 103 18 17561 17561 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 19 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 103 20 17747 17747 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 21 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 103 22 19839 19839 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 23 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 103 24 23043 23043 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 25 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 103 26 28144 28144 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 27 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 103 28 29784 29784 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 103 30 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 103 31 whereas whereas IN cord-320417-01l27d99 103 32 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 103 33 other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 103 34 lineage lineage NN cord-320417-01l27d99 103 35 MT834220 mt834220 RB cord-320417-01l27d99 103 36 has have VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 103 37 9 9 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 38 loci locus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 103 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 103 40 241 241 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 41 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 103 42 3037 3037 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 43 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 103 44 8782 8782 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 45 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 103 46 17747 17747 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 47 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 103 48 17858 17858 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 49 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 103 50 28144 28144 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 51 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 103 52 28881 28881 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 53 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 103 54 28882 28882 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 55 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 103 56 28883 28883 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 103 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 103 58 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 103 59 all all DT cord-320417-01l27d99 103 60 colored color VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 103 61 according accord VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 103 62 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 103 63 distinct distinct JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 103 64 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 103 65 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 104 1 In in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 2 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 104 3 case case NN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 4 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 5 MT834063 mt834063 NN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 6 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 104 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 104 8 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 104 9 expected expect VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 10 that that IN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 11 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 104 12 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 13 region region NN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 14 between between IN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 15 14408 14408 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 104 16 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 104 17 23403 23403 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 104 18 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 19 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 104 20 G g NN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 21 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 104 22 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 23 strain strain NN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 24 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 104 25 swapped swap VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 26 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 27 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 104 28 same same JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 104 29 region region NN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 30 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 31 an an DT cord-320417-01l27d99 104 32 S s NN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 33 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 104 34 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 35 strain strain NN cord-320417-01l27d99 104 36 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 105 1 In in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 105 2 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 105 3 case case NN cord-320417-01l27d99 105 4 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 105 5 MT834220 mt834220 RB cord-320417-01l27d99 105 6 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 105 7 however however RB cord-320417-01l27d99 105 8 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 105 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 105 10 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 105 11 expected expect VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 105 12 that that IN cord-320417-01l27d99 105 13 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 105 14 region region NN cord-320417-01l27d99 105 15 between between IN cord-320417-01l27d99 105 16 8782 8782 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 105 17 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 105 18 28144 28144 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 105 19 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 105 20 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 105 21 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 105 22 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 105 23 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 105 24 strain strain NN cord-320417-01l27d99 105 25 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 105 26 swapped swap VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 105 27 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 105 28 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 105 29 same same JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 105 30 region region NN cord-320417-01l27d99 105 31 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 105 32 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 105 33 GR GR NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 105 34 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 105 35 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 105 36 strain strain NN cord-320417-01l27d99 105 37 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 106 1 Also also RB cord-320417-01l27d99 106 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 106 3 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 106 4 absence absence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 106 5 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 106 6 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 106 7 locus locus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 106 8 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 106 9 23043 23043 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 106 10 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 106 11 MT834220 MT834220 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 106 12 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 106 13 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 106 14 signature signature NN cord-320417-01l27d99 106 15 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 106 16 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 106 17 all all DT cord-320417-01l27d99 106 18 G-(GH G-(GH NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 106 19 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 106 20 GR GR NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 106 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 106 22 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 106 23 lineages lineage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 106 24 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 106 25 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 106 26 another another DT cord-320417-01l27d99 106 27 strong strong JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 106 28 piece piece NN cord-320417-01l27d99 106 29 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 106 30 evidence evidence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 106 31 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 106 32 homologous homologous JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 106 33 genetic genetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 106 34 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 106 35 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 107 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 107 2 third third JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 107 3 lineage lineage NN cord-320417-01l27d99 107 4 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 107 5 MT821583 MT821583 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 107 6 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 107 7 similar similar JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 107 8 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 107 9 MT834220 mt834220 RB cord-320417-01l27d99 107 10 but but CC cord-320417-01l27d99 107 11 has have VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 107 12 additional additional JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 107 13 low low JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 107 14 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 107 15 profile profile NN cord-320417-01l27d99 107 16 SNPs snp NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 107 17 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 108 1 So so RB cord-320417-01l27d99 108 2 far far RB cord-320417-01l27d99 108 3 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 108 4 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 108 5 have have VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 108 6 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 108 7 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 108 8 usage usage NN cord-320417-01l27d99 108 9 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 108 10 2D 2D NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 108 11 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 108 12 - - NN cord-320417-01l27d99 108 13 occurring occur VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 108 14 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 108 15 mapping mapping NN cord-320417-01l27d99 108 16 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 108 17 detecting detect VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 108 18 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 108 19 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 108 20 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 108 21 hybrid hybrid JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 108 22 lineages lineage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 108 23 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 108 24 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 108 25 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 108 26 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 108 27 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 108 28 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 108 29 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 109 1 Next next RB cord-320417-01l27d99 109 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 109 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 109 4 also also RB cord-320417-01l27d99 109 5 examined examine VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 109 6 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 109 7 collections collection NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 109 8 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 109 9 international international JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 109 10 regions region NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 109 11 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 109 12 focused focus VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 109 13 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 109 14 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 109 15 following follow VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 109 16 four four CD cord-320417-01l27d99 109 17 countries country NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 109 18 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 109 19 China China NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 109 20 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 109 21 Japan Japan NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 109 22 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 109 23 Italy Italy NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 109 24 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 109 25 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 109 26 Spain Spain NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 109 27 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 109 28 where where WRB cord-320417-01l27d99 109 29 early early JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 109 30 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 109 31 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 109 32 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 109 33 detected detect VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 109 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 109 35 see see VB cord-320417-01l27d99 109 36 Figure figure NN cord-320417-01l27d99 109 37 5 5 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 109 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 109 39 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 110 1 2D 2D NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 110 2 plots plot NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 110 3 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 110 4 these these DT cord-320417-01l27d99 110 5 four four CD cord-320417-01l27d99 110 6 regions region NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 110 7 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 110 8 very very RB cord-320417-01l27d99 110 9 different different JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 110 10 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 111 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 111 2 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 111 3 collection collection NN cord-320417-01l27d99 111 4 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 111 5 China China NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 111 6 had have VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 111 7 79 79 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 111 8 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 111 9 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 111 10 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 111 11 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 111 12 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 111 13 being be VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 111 14 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 111 15 most most RBS cord-320417-01l27d99 111 16 dominant dominant JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 111 17 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 111 18 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 112 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 112 2 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 112 3 followed follow VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 112 4 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 112 5 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 112 6 V v NN cord-320417-01l27d99 112 7 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 112 8 G G NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 112 9 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 112 10 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 112 11 GR GR NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 112 12 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 112 13 based base VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 112 14 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 112 15 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 112 16 population population NN cord-320417-01l27d99 112 17 size size NN cord-320417-01l27d99 112 18 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 113 1 No no DT cord-320417-01l27d99 113 2 GH GH NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 113 3 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 113 4 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 113 5 detected detect VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 113 6 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 114 1 Two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 114 2 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 114 3 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 114 4 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 114 5 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 114 6 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 114 7 occurring occur VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 114 8 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 114 9 pairs pair NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 114 10 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 114 11 found find VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 114 12 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 114 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 114 14 8287 8287 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 114 15 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 114 16 11083 11083 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 114 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 114 18 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 114 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 114 20 28144 28144 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 114 21 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 114 22 11083 11083 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 114 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 114 24 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 114 25 both both DT cord-320417-01l27d99 114 26 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 114 27 between between IN cord-320417-01l27d99 114 28 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 114 29 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 114 30 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 114 31 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 114 32 V v NN cord-320417-01l27d99 114 33 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 114 34 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 114 35 corresponding correspond VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 114 36 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 114 37 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 114 38 lineages lineage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 114 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 114 40 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 114 41 access access NN cord-320417-01l27d99 114 42 ID ID NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 114 43 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 114 44 MT049951 MT049951 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 114 45 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 114 46 MT226610 MT226610 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 114 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 114 48 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 115 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 115 2 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 115 3 collection collection NN cord-320417-01l27d99 115 4 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 115 5 Japan Japan NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 115 6 had have VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 115 7 84 84 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 115 8 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 115 9 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 115 10 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 115 11 GR GR NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 115 12 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 115 13 as as IN cord-320417-01l27d99 115 14 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 115 15 largest large JJS cord-320417-01l27d99 115 16 cluster cluster NN cord-320417-01l27d99 115 17 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 115 18 followed follow VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 115 19 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 115 20 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 115 21 smaller small JJR cord-320417-01l27d99 115 22 GH GH NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 115 23 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 115 24 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 116 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 116 2 S s NN cord-320417-01l27d99 116 3 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 116 4 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 116 5 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 116 6 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 116 7 least least RBS cord-320417-01l27d99 116 8 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 116 9 populous populous JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 116 10 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 117 1 No no DT cord-320417-01l27d99 117 2 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 117 3 lineage lineage NN cord-320417-01l27d99 117 4 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 117 5 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 117 6 V v NN cord-320417-01l27d99 117 7 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 117 8 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 117 9 detected detect VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 117 10 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 118 1 Two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 118 2 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 118 3 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 118 4 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 118 5 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 118 6 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 118 7 occurring occur VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 118 8 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 118 9 pairs pair NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 118 10 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 118 11 found find VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 118 12 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 118 13 one one CD cord-320417-01l27d99 118 14 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 118 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 118 16 11083 11083 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 118 17 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 118 18 14408 14408 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 118 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 118 20 between between IN cord-320417-01l27d99 118 21 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 118 22 V v NN cord-320417-01l27d99 118 23 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 118 24 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 118 25 G g NN cord-320417-01l27d99 118 26 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 118 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 118 28 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 118 29 access access NN cord-320417-01l27d99 118 30 ID ID NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 118 31 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 118 32 LC542809 LC542809 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 118 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 118 34 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 118 35 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 118 36 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 118 37 other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 118 38 one one CD cord-320417-01l27d99 118 39 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 118 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 118 41 25563 25563 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 118 42 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 118 43 28881/2/3 28881/2/3 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 118 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 118 45 between between IN cord-320417-01l27d99 118 46 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 118 47 GH GH NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 118 48 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 118 49 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 118 50 GR GR NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 118 51 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 119 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 119 2 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 119 3 access access NN cord-320417-01l27d99 119 4 ID ID NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 119 5 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 119 6 LC556322 lc556322 NN cord-320417-01l27d99 119 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 119 8 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 120 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 120 2 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 120 3 collection collection NN cord-320417-01l27d99 120 4 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 120 5 Spain Spain NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 120 6 had have VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 120 7 37 37 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 120 8 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 120 9 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 121 1 Two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 121 2 dominant dominant JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 121 3 clusters cluster NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 121 4 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 121 5 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 121 6 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 121 7 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 121 8 G g NN cord-320417-01l27d99 121 9 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 121 10 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 121 11 followed follow VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 121 12 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 121 13 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 121 14 GR GR NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 121 15 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 121 16 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 121 17 V v NN cord-320417-01l27d99 121 18 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 121 19 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 122 1 No no DT cord-320417-01l27d99 122 2 GH GH NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 122 3 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 122 4 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 122 5 detected detect VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 122 6 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 123 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 123 2 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 123 3 collection collection NN cord-320417-01l27d99 123 4 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 123 5 Italy Italy NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 123 6 had have VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 123 7 24 24 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 123 8 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 123 9 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 123 10 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 123 11 G g NN cord-320417-01l27d99 123 12 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 123 13 as as IN cord-320417-01l27d99 123 14 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 123 15 largest large JJS cord-320417-01l27d99 123 16 cluster cluster NN cord-320417-01l27d99 123 17 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 123 18 followed follow VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 123 19 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 123 20 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 123 21 GR GR NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 123 22 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 123 23 V v NN cord-320417-01l27d99 123 24 clades clade NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 123 25 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 124 1 No no DT cord-320417-01l27d99 124 2 GH GH NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 124 3 or or CC cord-320417-01l27d99 124 4 S S NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 124 5 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 124 6 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 124 7 detected detect VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 124 8 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 125 1 No no DT cord-320417-01l27d99 125 2 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 125 3 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 125 4 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 125 5 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 125 6 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 125 7 occurring occur VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 125 8 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 125 9 pairs pair NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 125 10 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 125 11 detected detect VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 125 12 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 125 13 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 125 14 collections collection NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 125 15 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 125 16 these these DT cord-320417-01l27d99 125 17 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 125 18 countries country NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 125 19 deposited deposit VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 125 20 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 125 21 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 125 22 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 125 23 September September NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 125 24 2 2 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 125 25 nd nd NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 125 26 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 126 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 126 2 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 126 3 pandemic pandemic NN cord-320417-01l27d99 126 4 caused cause VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 126 5 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 126 6 disruption disruption NN cord-320417-01l27d99 126 7 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 126 8 populations population NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 126 9 worldwide worldwide RB cord-320417-01l27d99 126 10 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 127 1 Fighting fight VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 127 2 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 127 3 causative causative JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 127 4 agent agent NN cord-320417-01l27d99 127 5 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 127 6 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 127 7 indisputable indisputable JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 127 8 duty duty NN cord-320417-01l27d99 127 9 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 127 10 everyone everyone NN cord-320417-01l27d99 127 11 who who WP cord-320417-01l27d99 127 12 has have VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 127 13 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 127 14 relevant relevant JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 127 15 knowledge knowledge NN cord-320417-01l27d99 127 16 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 127 17 skills skill NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 127 18 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 128 1 Sequencing sequence VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 128 2 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 128 3 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 128 4 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 128 5 can can MD cord-320417-01l27d99 128 6 help help VB cord-320417-01l27d99 128 7 characterize characterize VB cord-320417-01l27d99 128 8 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 128 9 evolutional evolutional JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 128 10 changes change NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 128 11 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 128 12 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 128 13 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 128 14 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 128 15 help help VB cord-320417-01l27d99 128 16 public public JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 128 17 health health NN cord-320417-01l27d99 128 18 authorities authority NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 128 19 understand understand VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 128 20 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 128 21 identity identity NN cord-320417-01l27d99 128 22 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 128 23 whether whether IN cord-320417-01l27d99 128 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 128 25 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 128 26 changing change VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 128 27 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 128 28 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 128 29 how how WRB cord-320417-01l27d99 128 30 it -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 128 31 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 128 32 being be VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 128 33 transmitted transmit VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 128 34 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 129 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 129 2 procured procure VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 129 3 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 129 4 MinION minion NN cord-320417-01l27d99 129 5 device device NN cord-320417-01l27d99 129 6 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 129 7 January January NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 129 8 originally originally RB cord-320417-01l27d99 129 9 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 129 10 another another DT cord-320417-01l27d99 129 11 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 129 12 project project NN cord-320417-01l27d99 129 13 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 130 1 My -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 130 2 experiences experience NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 130 3 learned learn VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 130 4 during during IN cord-320417-01l27d99 130 5 this this DT cord-320417-01l27d99 130 6 project project NN cord-320417-01l27d99 130 7 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 130 8 worth worth JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 130 9 further further JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 130 10 discussions discussion NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 130 11 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 131 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 131 2 will will MD cord-320417-01l27d99 131 3 mainly mainly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 131 4 focus focus VB cord-320417-01l27d99 131 5 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 131 6 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 131 7 following following JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 131 8 four four CD cord-320417-01l27d99 131 9 topics topic NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 131 10 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 131 11 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 131 12 use use NN cord-320417-01l27d99 131 13 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 131 14 nanopore nanopore NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 131 15 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 131 16 technology technology NN cord-320417-01l27d99 131 17 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 131 18 pros pro NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 131 19 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 131 20 cons con NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 131 21 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 131 22 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 131 23 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 131 24 analysis analysis NN cord-320417-01l27d99 131 25 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 131 26 homologous homologous JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 131 27 genetic genetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 131 28 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 131 29 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 131 30 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 131 31 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 131 32 quasispecies quasispecies NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 131 33 model model NN cord-320417-01l27d99 131 34 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 131 35 RNA RNA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 131 36 viruses virus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 131 37 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 132 1 Oxford Oxford NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 132 2 Nanopore Nanopore NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 132 3 Technology Technology NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 132 4 gained gain VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 132 5 attention attention NN cord-320417-01l27d99 132 6 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 132 7 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 132 8 long long JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 132 9 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 132 10 reading read VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 132 11 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 132 12 technology technology NN cord-320417-01l27d99 132 13 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 132 14 low low JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 132 15 cost cost NN cord-320417-01l27d99 132 16 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 132 17 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 132 18 portable portable JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 132 19 capability capability NN cord-320417-01l27d99 132 20 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 133 1 Many many JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 133 2 researchers researcher NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 133 3 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 133 4 using use VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 133 5 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 133 6 MinION minion NN cord-320417-01l27d99 133 7 device device NN cord-320417-01l27d99 133 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 133 9 costing cost VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 133 10 $ $ $ cord-320417-01l27d99 133 11 1,000 1,000 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 133 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 133 13 as as IN cord-320417-01l27d99 133 14 basic basic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 133 15 laboratory laboratory NN cord-320417-01l27d99 133 16 equipment equipment NN cord-320417-01l27d99 133 17 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 133 18 high high JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 133 19 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 133 20 throughput throughput NN cord-320417-01l27d99 133 21 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 133 22 needs need NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 133 23 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 134 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 134 2 system system NN cord-320417-01l27d99 134 3 has have VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 134 4 been be VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 134 5 previously previously RB cord-320417-01l27d99 134 6 used use VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 134 7 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 134 8 other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 134 9 outbreak outbreak NN cord-320417-01l27d99 134 10 situations situation NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 134 11 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 134 12 such such JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 134 13 as as IN cord-320417-01l27d99 134 14 EBOV EBOV NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 134 15 18 18 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 134 16 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 134 17 ZIKV ZIKV NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 134 18 19 19 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 134 19 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 135 1 Early early RB cord-320417-01l27d99 135 2 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 135 3 March March NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 135 4 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 135 5 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 135 6 ARTIC ARTIC NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 135 7 network network NN cord-320417-01l27d99 135 8 opened open VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 135 9 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 135 10 specific specific JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 135 11 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 135 12 protocol protocol NN cord-320417-01l27d99 135 13 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 135 14 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 135 15 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 135 16 including include VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 135 17 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 135 18 set set NN cord-320417-01l27d99 135 19 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 135 20 primers primer NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 135 21 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 135 22 laboratory laboratory NN cord-320417-01l27d99 135 23 materials material NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 135 24 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 135 25 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 135 26 related related JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 135 27 tools tool NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 135 28 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 135 29 bioinformatics bioinformatics NN cord-320417-01l27d99 135 30 analyses analysis NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 135 31 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 136 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 136 2 protocol protocol NN cord-320417-01l27d99 136 3 relies rely VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 136 4 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 136 5 direct direct JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 136 6 amplification amplification NN cord-320417-01l27d99 136 7 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 136 8 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 136 9 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 136 10 using use VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 136 11 tiled tile VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 136 12 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 136 13 multiplexed multiplexed JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 136 14 primers primer NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 136 15 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 136 16 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 136 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 136 18 has have VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 136 19 been be VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 136 20 widely widely RB cord-320417-01l27d99 136 21 adopted adopt VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 136 22 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 136 23 many many JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 136 24 groups group NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 136 25 around around IN cord-320417-01l27d99 136 26 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 136 27 world world NN cord-320417-01l27d99 136 28 20,21 20,21 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 136 29 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 137 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 137 2 cost cost NN cord-320417-01l27d99 137 3 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 137 4 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 137 5 flowcells flowcell NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 137 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 137 7 > > NFP cord-320417-01l27d99 137 8 $ $ $ cord-320417-01l27d99 137 9 500 500 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 137 10 / / SYM cord-320417-01l27d99 137 11 each each DT cord-320417-01l27d99 137 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 137 13 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 137 14 other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 137 15 reagents reagent NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 137 16 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 137 17 about about IN cord-320417-01l27d99 137 18 $ $ $ cord-320417-01l27d99 137 19 2,000 2,000 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 137 20 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 138 1 A a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 138 2 rough rough JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 138 3 estimation estimation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 138 4 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 138 5 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 138 6 material material NN cord-320417-01l27d99 138 7 cost cost NN cord-320417-01l27d99 138 8 per per IN cord-320417-01l27d99 138 9 sample sample NN cord-320417-01l27d99 138 10 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 138 11 about about IN cord-320417-01l27d99 138 12 $ $ $ cord-320417-01l27d99 138 13 20~$30 20~$30 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 138 14 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 139 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 139 2 bottleneck bottleneck NN cord-320417-01l27d99 139 3 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 139 4 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 139 5 study study NN cord-320417-01l27d99 139 6 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 139 7 preparing prepare VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 139 8 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 139 9 library library NN cord-320417-01l27d99 139 10 before before IN cord-320417-01l27d99 139 11 sequencing sequence VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 139 12 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 140 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 140 2 took take VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 140 3 me -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 140 4 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 140 5 whole whole JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 140 6 week week NN cord-320417-01l27d99 140 7 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 140 8 prepare prepare VB cord-320417-01l27d99 140 9 103 103 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 140 10 samples sample NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 140 11 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 140 12 which which WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 140 13 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 140 14 all all DT cord-320417-01l27d99 140 15 processed process VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 140 16 manually manually RB cord-320417-01l27d99 140 17 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 141 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 141 2 made make VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 141 3 some some DT cord-320417-01l27d99 141 4 mistakes mistake NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 141 5 due due IN cord-320417-01l27d99 141 6 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 141 7 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 141 8 lack lack NN cord-320417-01l27d99 141 9 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 141 10 experience experience NN cord-320417-01l27d99 141 11 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 141 12 so so RB cord-320417-01l27d99 141 13 only only RB cord-320417-01l27d99 141 14 85 85 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 141 15 consensus consensus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 141 16 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 141 17 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 141 18 finally finally RB cord-320417-01l27d99 141 19 achieved achieve VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 141 20 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 142 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 142 2 library library NN cord-320417-01l27d99 142 3 preparation preparation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 142 4 process process NN cord-320417-01l27d99 142 5 can can MD cord-320417-01l27d99 142 6 be be VB cord-320417-01l27d99 142 7 easily easily RB cord-320417-01l27d99 142 8 scaled scale VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 142 9 up up RP cord-320417-01l27d99 142 10 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 142 11 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 142 12 liquid liquid JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 142 13 handling handling NN cord-320417-01l27d99 142 14 robot robot NN cord-320417-01l27d99 142 15 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 143 1 With with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 143 2 1~2 1~2 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 143 3 hours hour NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 143 4 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 143 5 data datum NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 143 6 acquisition acquisition NN cord-320417-01l27d99 143 7 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 143 8 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 143 9 MinION minion NN cord-320417-01l27d99 143 10 device device NN cord-320417-01l27d99 143 11 usually usually RB cord-320417-01l27d99 143 12 generates generate VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 143 13 one one CD cord-320417-01l27d99 143 14 million million CD cord-320417-01l27d99 143 15 reads read NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 143 16 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 143 17 enough enough JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 143 18 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 143 19 provide provide VB cord-320417-01l27d99 143 20 results result NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 143 21 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 143 22 collecting collect VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 143 23 final final JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 143 24 consensus consensus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 143 25 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 143 26 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 144 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 144 2 feature feature NN cord-320417-01l27d99 144 3 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 144 4 live live NN cord-320417-01l27d99 144 5 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 144 6 basecalling basecalling NN cord-320417-01l27d99 144 7 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 144 8 necessary necessary JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 144 9 when when WRB cord-320417-01l27d99 144 10 using use VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 144 11 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 144 12 RAMPART RAMPART NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 144 13 tool tool NN cord-320417-01l27d99 144 14 22 22 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 144 15 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 144 16 monitor monitor VB cord-320417-01l27d99 144 17 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 144 18 on on RB cord-320417-01l27d99 144 19 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 144 20 going go VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 144 21 progress progress NN cord-320417-01l27d99 144 22 during during IN cord-320417-01l27d99 144 23 sampling sampling NN cord-320417-01l27d99 144 24 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 144 25 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 144 26 check check VB cord-320417-01l27d99 144 27 whether whether IN cord-320417-01l27d99 144 28 all all DT cord-320417-01l27d99 144 29 amplicons amplicon NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 144 30 have have VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 144 31 been be VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 144 32 sampled sample VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 144 33 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 145 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 145 2 final final JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 145 3 stage stage NN cord-320417-01l27d99 145 4 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 145 5 bioinformatics bioinformatics NN cord-320417-01l27d99 145 6 analysis analysis NN cord-320417-01l27d99 145 7 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 145 8 handled handle VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 145 9 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 145 10 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 145 11 nextflow nextflow NN cord-320417-01l27d99 146 1 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 146 2 workflow workflow NN cord-320417-01l27d99 146 3 that that WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 146 4 includes include VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 146 5 read read NN cord-320417-01l27d99 146 6 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 146 7 quality quality NN cord-320417-01l27d99 146 8 score score NN cord-320417-01l27d99 146 9 filtering filtering NN cord-320417-01l27d99 146 10 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 146 11 reference reference NN cord-320417-01l27d99 146 12 alignment alignment NN cord-320417-01l27d99 146 13 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 146 14 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 146 15 consensus consensus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 146 16 sequence sequence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 146 17 generation generation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 146 18 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 146 19 which which WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 146 20 only only RB cord-320417-01l27d99 146 21 takes take VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 146 22 about about RB cord-320417-01l27d99 146 23 twenty twenty CD cord-320417-01l27d99 146 24 minutes minute NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 146 25 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 147 1 This this DT cord-320417-01l27d99 147 2 low low JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 147 3 cost cost NN cord-320417-01l27d99 147 4 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 147 5 decentralized decentralized JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 147 6 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 147 7 can can MD cord-320417-01l27d99 147 8 be be VB cord-320417-01l27d99 147 9 set set VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 147 10 up up RP cord-320417-01l27d99 147 11 quickly quickly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 147 12 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 147 13 flexible flexible JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 147 14 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 147 15 portable portable JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 147 16 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 147 17 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 147 18 scalable scalable JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 147 19 applications application NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 147 20 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 148 1 A a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 148 2 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 148 3 tree tree NN cord-320417-01l27d99 148 4 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 148 5 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 148 6 diagram diagram NN cord-320417-01l27d99 148 7 used use VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 148 8 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 148 9 illustrate illustrate VB cord-320417-01l27d99 148 10 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-320417-01l27d99 148 11 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 148 12 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 148 13 history history NN cord-320417-01l27d99 148 14 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 148 15 evolution evolution NN cord-320417-01l27d99 148 16 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 148 17 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 148 18 reference reference NN cord-320417-01l27d99 148 19 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 148 20 lines line NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 148 21 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 148 22 descent descent NN cord-320417-01l27d99 148 23 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 148 24 relationships relationship NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 148 25 among among IN cord-320417-01l27d99 148 26 broad broad JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 148 27 groups group NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 148 28 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 148 29 organisms organism NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 148 30 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 149 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 149 2 branching branch VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 149 3 patterns pattern NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 149 4 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 149 5 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 149 6 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 149 7 tree tree NN cord-320417-01l27d99 149 8 reflect reflect VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 149 9 how how WRB cord-320417-01l27d99 149 10 species specie NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 149 11 or or CC cord-320417-01l27d99 149 12 other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 149 13 groups group NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 149 14 evolved evolve VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 149 15 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 149 16 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 149 17 common common JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 149 18 ancestor ancestor NN cord-320417-01l27d99 149 19 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 150 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 150 2 methodology methodology NN cord-320417-01l27d99 150 3 has have VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 150 4 been be VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 150 5 used use VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 150 6 increasingly increasingly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 150 7 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 150 8 diverse diverse JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 150 9 areas area NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 150 10 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 150 11 biological biological JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 150 12 science science NN cord-320417-01l27d99 150 13 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 150 14 especially especially RB cord-320417-01l27d99 150 15 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 150 16 tracing trace VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 150 17 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 150 18 evolution evolution NN cord-320417-01l27d99 150 19 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 150 20 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 150 21 early early JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 150 22 stages stage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 150 23 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 150 24 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 150 25 outbreak outbreak NN cord-320417-01l27d99 150 26 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 150 27 an an DT cord-320417-01l27d99 150 28 epidemic epidemic NN cord-320417-01l27d99 150 29 like like IN cord-320417-01l27d99 150 30 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 150 31 3,21,23,24 3,21,23,24 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 150 32 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 151 1 However however RB cord-320417-01l27d99 151 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 151 3 there there EX cord-320417-01l27d99 151 4 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 151 5 inherent inherent JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 151 6 limitations limitation NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 151 7 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 151 8 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 151 9 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 151 10 tree tree NN cord-320417-01l27d99 151 11 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 152 1 First first RB cord-320417-01l27d99 152 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 152 3 traditional traditional JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 152 4 methods method NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 152 5 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 152 6 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-320417-01l27d99 152 7 estimation estimation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 152 8 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 152 9 such such JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 152 10 as as IN cord-320417-01l27d99 152 11 maximum maximum JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 152 12 parsimony parsimony NN cord-320417-01l27d99 152 13 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 152 14 minimum minimum JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 152 15 evolution evolution NN cord-320417-01l27d99 152 16 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 152 17 or or CC cord-320417-01l27d99 152 18 maximum maximum JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 152 19 likelihood likelihood NN cord-320417-01l27d99 152 20 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 152 21 all all DT cord-320417-01l27d99 152 22 assume assume VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 152 23 that that IN cord-320417-01l27d99 152 24 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 152 25 single single JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 152 26 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 152 27 history history NN cord-320417-01l27d99 152 28 underlies underlie VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 152 29 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 152 30 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 152 31 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 153 1 Second second RB cord-320417-01l27d99 153 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 153 3 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 153 4 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 153 5 network network NN cord-320417-01l27d99 153 6 presented present VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 153 7 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 153 8 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 153 9 tree tree NN cord-320417-01l27d99 153 10 diagram diagram NN cord-320417-01l27d99 153 11 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 153 12 merely merely RB cord-320417-01l27d99 153 13 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 153 14 snapshot snapshot NN cord-320417-01l27d99 153 15 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 153 16 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 153 17 early early JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 153 18 stage stage NN cord-320417-01l27d99 153 19 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 153 20 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 153 21 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 153 22 spreading spread VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 153 23 before before IN cord-320417-01l27d99 153 24 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 153 25 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-320417-01l27d99 153 26 becomes become VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 153 27 obscured obscure VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 153 28 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 153 29 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 153 30 migration migration NN cord-320417-01l27d99 153 31 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 153 32 mutation mutation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 153 33 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 154 1 When when WRB cord-320417-01l27d99 154 2 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 154 3 number number NN cord-320417-01l27d99 154 4 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 154 5 species specie NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 154 6 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 154 7 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 154 8 group group NN cord-320417-01l27d99 154 9 increases increase NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 154 10 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 154 11 drawing draw VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 154 12 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 154 13 tree tree NN cord-320417-01l27d99 154 14 diagram diagram NN cord-320417-01l27d99 154 15 becomes become VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 154 16 impractical impractical JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 154 17 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 155 1 Third third RB cord-320417-01l27d99 155 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 155 3 commonly commonly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 155 4 used use VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 155 5 methods method NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 155 6 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 155 7 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-320417-01l27d99 155 8 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 155 9 such such JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 155 10 as as IN cord-320417-01l27d99 155 11 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 155 12 pairwise pairwise JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 155 13 distance distance NN cord-320417-01l27d99 155 14 method method NN cord-320417-01l27d99 155 15 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 155 16 do do VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 155 17 not not RB cord-320417-01l27d99 155 18 capture capture VB cord-320417-01l27d99 155 19 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 155 20 effects effect NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 155 21 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 155 22 homologous homologous JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 155 23 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 155 24 that that WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 155 25 imply imply VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 155 26 how how WRB cord-320417-01l27d99 155 27 different different JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 155 28 parts part NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 155 29 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 155 30 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 155 31 sequence sequence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 155 32 could could MD cord-320417-01l27d99 155 33 have have VB cord-320417-01l27d99 155 34 separate separate JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 155 35 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 155 36 histories history NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 155 37 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 155 38 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 155 39 not not RB cord-320417-01l27d99 155 40 related relate VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 155 41 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 155 42 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 155 43 single single JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 155 44 phylogenetic phylogenetic NN cord-320417-01l27d99 155 45 tree tree NN cord-320417-01l27d99 155 46 25 25 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 155 47 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 156 1 Though though IN cord-320417-01l27d99 156 2 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 156 3 ability ability NN cord-320417-01l27d99 156 4 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 156 5 detect detect VB cord-320417-01l27d99 156 6 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 156 7 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 156 8 limited limit VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 156 9 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 156 10 ignoring ignore VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 156 11 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 156 12 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 156 13 tree tree NN cord-320417-01l27d99 156 14 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 156 15 based base VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 156 16 analysis analysis NN cord-320417-01l27d99 156 17 could could MD cord-320417-01l27d99 156 18 lead lead VB cord-320417-01l27d99 156 19 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 156 20 artifacts artifact NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 156 21 26 26 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 156 22 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 156 23 27 27 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 156 24 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 157 1 In in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 157 2 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 157 3 nature nature NN cord-320417-01l27d99 157 4 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 157 5 evolution evolution NN cord-320417-01l27d99 157 6 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 157 7 viruses virus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 157 8 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 157 9 continuously continuously RB cord-320417-01l27d99 157 10 changing change VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 157 11 as as IN cord-320417-01l27d99 157 12 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 157 13 result result NN cord-320417-01l27d99 157 14 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 157 15 genetic genetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 157 16 selection selection NN cord-320417-01l27d99 157 17 through through IN cord-320417-01l27d99 157 18 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 157 19 principal principal JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 157 20 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 157 21 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 157 22 1 1 LS cord-320417-01l27d99 157 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 157 24 de de FW cord-320417-01l27d99 157 25 novo novo NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 157 26 mutation mutation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 157 27 that that WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 157 28 occurs occur VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 157 29 when when WRB cord-320417-01l27d99 157 30 an an DT cord-320417-01l27d99 157 31 error error NN cord-320417-01l27d99 157 32 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 157 33 incorporated incorporate VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 157 34 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 157 35 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 157 36 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 157 37 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 157 38 causes cause VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 157 39 subtle subtle JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 157 40 genetic genetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 157 41 changes change NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 157 42 ; ; : cord-320417-01l27d99 157 43 2 2 LS cord-320417-01l27d99 157 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 157 45 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 157 46 that that WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 157 47 happens happen VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 157 48 when when WRB cord-320417-01l27d99 157 49 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 157 50 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 157 51 infecting infect VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 157 52 viruses virus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 157 53 swap swap VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 157 54 genetic genetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 157 55 information information NN cord-320417-01l27d99 157 56 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 157 57 cause cause VB cord-320417-01l27d99 157 58 major major JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 157 59 genetic genetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 157 60 changes change NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 157 61 28 28 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 157 62 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 158 1 There there EX cord-320417-01l27d99 158 2 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 158 3 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 158 4 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 158 5 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 158 6 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 158 7 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 158 8 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 158 9 1 1 LS cord-320417-01l27d99 158 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 158 11 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 158 12 independent independent JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 158 13 assortment assortment NN cord-320417-01l27d99 158 14 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 158 15 where where WRB cord-320417-01l27d99 158 16 viruses virus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 158 17 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 158 18 multipartite multipartite NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 158 19 genomes genome NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 158 20 trade trade VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 158 21 unlinked unlinked JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 158 22 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 158 23 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 158 24 assorted assorted JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 158 25 random random JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 158 26 segments segment NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 158 27 during during IN cord-320417-01l27d99 158 28 replication replication NN cord-320417-01l27d99 158 29 ; ; : cord-320417-01l27d99 158 30 2 2 LS cord-320417-01l27d99 158 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 158 32 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 158 33 incompletely incompletely RB cord-320417-01l27d99 158 34 linked link VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 158 35 gene gene NN cord-320417-01l27d99 158 36 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 158 37 where where WRB cord-320417-01l27d99 158 38 viruses virus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 158 39 trade trade VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 158 40 linked link VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 158 41 genes gene NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 158 42 residing reside VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 158 43 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 158 44 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 158 45 same same JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 158 46 piece piece NN cord-320417-01l27d99 158 47 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 158 48 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 158 49 acid acid NN cord-320417-01l27d99 158 50 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 159 1 Either either DT cord-320417-01l27d99 159 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-320417-01l27d99 159 3 can can MD cord-320417-01l27d99 159 4 produce produce VB cord-320417-01l27d99 159 5 new new JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 159 6 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 159 7 serotypes serotype NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 159 8 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 159 9 altered alter VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 159 10 virulence virulence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 159 11 8 8 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 159 12 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 160 1 Recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 160 2 has have VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 160 3 been be VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 160 4 shown show VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 160 5 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 160 6 occur occur VB cord-320417-01l27d99 160 7 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 160 8 several several JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 160 9 positive positive JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 160 10 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 160 11 sense sense NN cord-320417-01l27d99 160 12 single single JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 160 13 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 160 14 stranded strand VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 160 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 160 16 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 160 17 groups group NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 160 18 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 160 19 such such JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 160 20 as as IN cord-320417-01l27d99 160 21 retroviruses retrovirus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 160 22 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 160 23 picornaviruses picornavirus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 160 24 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 160 25 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 160 26 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 160 27 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 161 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 161 2 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 161 3 currently currently RB cord-320417-01l27d99 161 4 believed believe VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 161 5 that that IN cord-320417-01l27d99 161 6 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 161 7 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 161 8 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 161 9 occurs occur VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 161 10 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 161 11 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 161 12 copy copy NN cord-320417-01l27d99 161 13 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 161 14 choice choice NN cord-320417-01l27d99 161 15 mechanism mechanism NN cord-320417-01l27d99 161 16 28 28 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 161 17 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 161 18 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 161 19 which which WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 161 20 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 161 21 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 161 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 161 23 polymerase polymerase NN cord-320417-01l27d99 161 24 binds bind VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 161 25 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 161 26 only only RB cord-320417-01l27d99 161 27 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 161 28 few few JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 161 29 bases basis NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 161 30 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 161 31 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 161 32 template template NN cord-320417-01l27d99 161 33 RNA RNA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 161 34 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 162 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 162 2 weak weak JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 162 3 interaction interaction NN cord-320417-01l27d99 162 4 permits permit VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 162 5 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 162 6 polymerase polymerase NN cord-320417-01l27d99 162 7 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 162 8 disassociate disassociate VB cord-320417-01l27d99 162 9 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 162 10 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 162 11 original original JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 162 12 template template NN cord-320417-01l27d99 162 13 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 162 14 then then RB cord-320417-01l27d99 162 15 associate associate VB cord-320417-01l27d99 162 16 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 162 17 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 162 18 new new JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 162 19 template template NN cord-320417-01l27d99 162 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 162 21 strand strand NN cord-320417-01l27d99 162 22 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 163 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 163 2 efficiency efficiency NN cord-320417-01l27d99 163 3 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 163 4 this this DT cord-320417-01l27d99 163 5 mechanism mechanism NN cord-320417-01l27d99 163 6 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 163 7 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 163 8 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 163 9 relatively relatively RB cord-320417-01l27d99 163 10 low low JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 163 11 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 164 1 Viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 164 2 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 164 3 generates generate VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 164 4 novel novel JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 164 5 progeny progeny NN cord-320417-01l27d99 164 6 viruses virus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 164 7 that that WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 164 8 express express VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 164 9 new new JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 164 10 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 164 11 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 164 12 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 164 13 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 164 14 new new JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 164 15 surface surface NN cord-320417-01l27d99 164 16 proteins protein NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 164 17 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 164 18 infect infect VB cord-320417-01l27d99 164 19 previously previously RB cord-320417-01l27d99 164 20 resistant resistant JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 164 21 individuals individual NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 164 22 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 164 23 or or CC cord-320417-01l27d99 164 24 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 164 25 novel novel JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 164 26 combinations combination NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 164 27 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 164 28 proteins protein NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 164 29 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 164 30 infect infect VB cord-320417-01l27d99 164 31 new new JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 164 32 cells cell NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 164 33 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 164 34 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 164 35 original original JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 164 36 host host NN cord-320417-01l27d99 164 37 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 165 1 On on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 165 2 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 165 3 other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 165 4 side side NN cord-320417-01l27d99 165 5 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 165 6 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 165 7 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 165 8 has have VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 165 9 also also RB cord-320417-01l27d99 165 10 been be VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 165 11 used use VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 165 12 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 165 13 create create VB cord-320417-01l27d99 165 14 new new JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 165 15 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 165 16 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 166 1 Vaccinia vaccinia NN cord-320417-01l27d99 166 2 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 166 3 strains strain VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 166 4 carrying carry VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 166 5 genes gene NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 166 6 coding code VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 166 7 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 166 8 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 166 9 antigens antigen NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 166 10 but but CC cord-320417-01l27d99 166 11 low low JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 166 12 virulence virulence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 166 13 has have VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 166 14 been be VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 166 15 produced produce VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 166 16 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 166 17 stimulate stimulate VB cord-320417-01l27d99 166 18 specific specific JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 166 19 antibody antibody NN cord-320417-01l27d99 166 20 production production NN cord-320417-01l27d99 166 21 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 166 22 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 166 23 host host NN cord-320417-01l27d99 166 24 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 166 25 resulting result VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 166 26 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 166 27 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 166 28 protection protection NN cord-320417-01l27d99 166 29 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 166 30 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 166 31 host host NN cord-320417-01l27d99 166 32 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 166 33 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 166 34 immunogen immunogen NN cord-320417-01l27d99 166 35 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 167 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-320417-01l27d99 167 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 167 3 characterizing characterize VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 167 4 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 167 5 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 167 6 will will MD cord-320417-01l27d99 167 7 not not RB cord-320417-01l27d99 167 8 only only RB cord-320417-01l27d99 167 9 help help VB cord-320417-01l27d99 167 10 health health NN cord-320417-01l27d99 167 11 management management NN cord-320417-01l27d99 167 12 teams team NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 167 13 effectively effectively RB cord-320417-01l27d99 167 14 contain contain VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 167 15 emerging emerge VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 167 16 viruses virus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 167 17 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 167 18 enhanced enhance VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 167 19 virulence virulence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 167 20 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 167 21 but but CC cord-320417-01l27d99 167 22 also also RB cord-320417-01l27d99 167 23 support support VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 167 24 virologists virologist NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 167 25 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 167 26 creating create VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 167 27 new new JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 167 28 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 167 29 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 168 1 Due due IN cord-320417-01l27d99 168 2 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 168 3 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 168 4 limited limited JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 168 5 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 168 6 length length NN cord-320417-01l27d99 168 7 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 168 8 higher high JJR cord-320417-01l27d99 168 9 mutation mutation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 168 10 rate rate NN cord-320417-01l27d99 168 11 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 168 12 many many JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 168 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 168 14 viruses virus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 168 15 have have VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 168 16 genetically genetically RB cord-320417-01l27d99 168 17 diverse diverse JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 168 18 populations population NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 168 19 known know VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 168 20 as as IN cord-320417-01l27d99 168 21 quasispecies quasispecies NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 168 22 29 29 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 168 23 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 168 24 meaning mean VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 168 25 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 168 26 highly highly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 168 27 diverse diverse JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 168 28 replicating replicate VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 168 29 population population NN cord-320417-01l27d99 168 30 reaching reach VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 168 31 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-320417-01l27d99 168 32 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 168 33 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 168 34 level level NN cord-320417-01l27d99 168 35 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 168 36 diversity diversity NN cord-320417-01l27d99 168 37 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 169 1 In in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 169 2 traditional traditional JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 169 3 population population NN cord-320417-01l27d99 169 4 genetics genetic NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 169 5 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 169 6 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 169 7 given give VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 169 8 variant variant NN cord-320417-01l27d99 169 9 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 169 10 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 169 11 population population NN cord-320417-01l27d99 169 12 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 169 13 approximated approximate VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 169 14 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 169 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 169 16 fitness fitness NN cord-320417-01l27d99 169 17 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 170 1 However however RB cord-320417-01l27d99 170 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 170 3 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 170 4 quasispecies quasispecies NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 170 5 model model NN cord-320417-01l27d99 170 6 suggests suggest VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 170 7 that that IN cord-320417-01l27d99 170 8 variants variant NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 170 9 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 170 10 " " `` cord-320417-01l27d99 170 11 coupled couple VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 170 12 " " '' cord-320417-01l27d99 170 13 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 170 14 sequence sequence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 170 15 space space NN cord-320417-01l27d99 170 16 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 171 1 A a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 171 2 low low JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 171 3 fitness fitness NN cord-320417-01l27d99 171 4 variant variant NN cord-320417-01l27d99 171 5 can can MD cord-320417-01l27d99 171 6 thereby thereby RB cord-320417-01l27d99 171 7 be be VB cord-320417-01l27d99 171 8 maintained maintain VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 171 9 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 171 10 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 171 11 higher high JJR cord-320417-01l27d99 171 12 than than IN cord-320417-01l27d99 171 13 expected expect VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 171 14 frequency frequency NN cord-320417-01l27d99 171 15 because because IN cord-320417-01l27d99 171 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 171 17 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 171 18 coupled couple VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 171 19 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 171 20 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 171 21 well well RB cord-320417-01l27d99 171 22 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 171 23 represented represent VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 171 24 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 171 25 higher high JJR cord-320417-01l27d99 171 26 fitness fitness NN cord-320417-01l27d99 171 27 genotype genotype NN cord-320417-01l27d99 171 28 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 171 29 sequence sequence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 171 30 space space NN cord-320417-01l27d99 171 31 30 30 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 171 32 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 172 1 Instead instead RB cord-320417-01l27d99 172 2 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 172 3 focusing focus VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 172 4 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 172 5 ancestor ancestor NN cord-320417-01l27d99 172 6 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 172 7 descendant descendant NN cord-320417-01l27d99 172 8 relationships relationship NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 172 9 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 172 10 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 172 11 quasispecies quasispecies NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 172 12 model model NN cord-320417-01l27d99 172 13 puts put VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 172 14 more more JJR cord-320417-01l27d99 172 15 weight weight NN cord-320417-01l27d99 172 16 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 172 17 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 172 18 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 172 19 occurring occurring JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 172 20 variants variant NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 172 21 within within IN cord-320417-01l27d99 172 22 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 172 23 same same JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 172 24 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 172 25 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 172 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 172 27 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 172 28 populations population NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 172 29 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 172 30 which which WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 172 31 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 172 32 exactly exactly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 172 33 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 172 34 purpose purpose NN cord-320417-01l27d99 172 35 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 172 36 this this DT cord-320417-01l27d99 172 37 2D 2d NN cord-320417-01l27d99 172 38 mapping mapping NN cord-320417-01l27d99 172 39 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 172 40 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 172 41 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 172 42 occurring occurring JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 172 43 variants variant NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 172 44 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 173 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 173 2 emergence emergence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 173 3 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 173 4 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 173 5 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 173 6 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 173 7 hybrid hybrid JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 173 8 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 173 9 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 173 10 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 173 11 lineages lineage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 173 12 indicated indicate VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 173 13 that that IN cord-320417-01l27d99 173 14 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 173 15 causative causative JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 173 16 agent agent NN cord-320417-01l27d99 173 17 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 173 18 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 173 19 has have VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 173 20 entered enter VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 173 21 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 173 22 phase phase NN cord-320417-01l27d99 173 23 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 173 24 quasispecies quasispecie NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 173 25 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 174 1 While while IN cord-320417-01l27d99 174 2 tracing trace VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 174 3 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 174 4 path path NN cord-320417-01l27d99 174 5 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 174 6 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 174 7 infection infection NN cord-320417-01l27d99 174 8 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 174 9 still still RB cord-320417-01l27d99 174 10 important important JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 174 11 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 174 12 estimating estimate VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 174 13 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 174 14 level level NN cord-320417-01l27d99 174 15 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 174 16 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 174 17 diversity diversity NN cord-320417-01l27d99 174 18 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 174 19 also also RB cord-320417-01l27d99 174 20 urgently urgently RB cord-320417-01l27d99 174 21 needed need VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 174 22 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 175 1 In in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 175 2 order order NN cord-320417-01l27d99 175 3 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 175 4 survive survive VB cord-320417-01l27d99 175 5 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 175 6 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 175 7 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 175 8 must must MD cord-320417-01l27d99 175 9 be be VB cord-320417-01l27d99 175 10 diverse diverse JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 175 11 enough enough RB cord-320417-01l27d99 175 12 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 175 13 rapidly rapidly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 175 14 adapt adapt VB cord-320417-01l27d99 175 15 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 175 16 changing change VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 175 17 environments environment NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 175 18 without without IN cord-320417-01l27d99 175 19 losing lose VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 175 20 fitness fitness NN cord-320417-01l27d99 175 21 during during IN cord-320417-01l27d99 175 22 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 175 23 passage passage NN cord-320417-01l27d99 175 24 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 175 25 host host NN cord-320417-01l27d99 175 26 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 175 27 host host VB cord-320417-01l27d99 175 28 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 176 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 176 2 level level NN cord-320417-01l27d99 176 3 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 176 4 diversity diversity NN cord-320417-01l27d99 176 5 varies vary VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 176 6 depending depend VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 176 7 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 176 8 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 176 9 host host NN cord-320417-01l27d99 176 10 environment environment NN cord-320417-01l27d99 176 11 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 176 12 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 176 13 specific specific JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 176 14 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 176 15 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 176 16 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 176 17 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 176 18 host host NN cord-320417-01l27d99 176 19 combination combination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 176 20 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 177 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 177 2 differences difference NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 177 3 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 177 4 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 177 5 clade clade NN cord-320417-01l27d99 177 6 populations population NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 177 7 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 177 8 separate separate JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 177 9 regions region NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 177 10 are be VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 177 11 clearly clearly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 177 12 displayed display VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 177 13 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 177 14 Figures figure NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 177 15 _SP cord-320417-01l27d99 177 16 4 4 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 177 17 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 177 18 5 5 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 177 19 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 178 1 Predictions prediction NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 178 2 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 178 3 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 178 4 quasispecies quasispecie NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 178 5 theory theory NN cord-320417-01l27d99 178 6 have have VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 178 7 profound profound JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 178 8 implications implication NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 178 9 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 178 10 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 178 11 understanding understanding NN cord-320417-01l27d99 178 12 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 178 13 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 178 14 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 178 15 disease disease NN cord-320417-01l27d99 178 16 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 179 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 179 2 2D 2d NN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 3 plotting plotting NN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 4 method method NN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 5 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 6 co co NN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 7 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 179 8 occurring occurring JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 179 9 variants variant NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 179 10 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 179 11 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 179 12 useful useful JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 179 13 tool tool NN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 14 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 15 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 179 16 longitudinal longitudinal JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 179 17 study study NN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 18 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 179 19 monitor monitor VB cord-320417-01l27d99 179 20 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 179 21 level level NN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 22 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 23 diversity diversity NN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 24 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 25 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 179 26 region region NN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 27 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 28 certain certain JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 179 29 environments environment NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 179 30 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 179 31 include include VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 179 32 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 179 33 ethnogenesis ethnogenesis NN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 34 population population NN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 35 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 179 36 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 179 37 policies policy NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 179 38 enforced enforce VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 39 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 40 local local JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 179 41 health health NN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 42 authorities authority NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 179 43 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 179 44 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 179 45 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 179 46 immunity immunity NN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 47 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 48 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 179 49 area area NN cord-320417-01l27d99 179 50 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 180 1 In in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 180 2 summary summary NN cord-320417-01l27d99 180 3 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 180 4 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 180 5 performed perform VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 180 6 whole whole JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 180 7 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 180 8 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 180 9 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 180 10 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 180 11 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 180 12 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 180 13 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 180 14 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 180 15 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 180 16 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 180 17 compared compare VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 180 18 those those DT cord-320417-01l27d99 180 19 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 180 20 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 180 21 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 180 22 other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 180 23 samples sample NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 180 24 collected collect VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 180 25 worldwide worldwide RB cord-320417-01l27d99 180 26 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 181 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 181 2 proposed propose VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 181 3 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 181 4 2D 2d NN cord-320417-01l27d99 181 5 plotting plotting NN cord-320417-01l27d99 181 6 method method NN cord-320417-01l27d99 181 7 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 181 8 illustrate illustrate VB cord-320417-01l27d99 181 9 co co JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 181 10 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 181 11 occurring occurring JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 181 12 variants variant NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 181 13 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 182 1 as as IN cord-320417-01l27d99 182 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 182 3 has have VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 182 4 several several JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 182 5 advantages advantage NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 182 6 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 182 7 1 1 LS cord-320417-01l27d99 182 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 182 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 182 10 directly directly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 182 11 shows show VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 182 12 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 182 13 population population NN cord-320417-01l27d99 182 14 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 182 15 coupled coupled JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 182 16 mutations mutation NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 182 17 without without IN cord-320417-01l27d99 182 18 any any DT cord-320417-01l27d99 182 19 statistical statistical JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 182 20 manipulation manipulation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 182 21 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 183 1 2 2 LS cord-320417-01l27d99 183 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 183 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 183 4 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 183 5 suitable suitable JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 183 6 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 183 7 display display VB cord-320417-01l27d99 183 8 big big JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 183 9 data datum NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 183 10 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 183 11 no no DT cord-320417-01l27d99 183 12 limit limit NN cord-320417-01l27d99 183 13 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 183 14 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 183 15 size size NN cord-320417-01l27d99 183 16 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 183 17 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 183 18 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 183 19 collection collection NN cord-320417-01l27d99 183 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 183 21 actually actually RB cord-320417-01l27d99 183 22 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 183 23 more more RBR cord-320417-01l27d99 183 24 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 183 25 better well JJR cord-320417-01l27d99 183 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 183 27 ; ; : cord-320417-01l27d99 183 28 3 3 LS cord-320417-01l27d99 183 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 183 30 it -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 183 31 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 183 32 flexible flexible JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 183 33 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 183 34 regards regard NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 183 35 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 183 36 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 183 37 plotting plotting NN cord-320417-01l27d99 183 38 technique technique NN cord-320417-01l27d99 183 39 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 184 1 Even even RB cord-320417-01l27d99 184 2 though though IN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 3 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 184 4 full full JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 184 5 picture picture NN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 6 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 7 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 184 8 whole whole JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 184 9 range range NN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 10 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 11 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 12 length length NN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 13 contains contain VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 184 14 an an DT cord-320417-01l27d99 184 15 overwhelming overwhelming JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 184 16 amount amount NN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 17 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 18 information information NN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 19 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 184 20 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 184 21 simplified simplified JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 184 22 snapshot snapshot NN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 23 could could MD cord-320417-01l27d99 184 24 be be VB cord-320417-01l27d99 184 25 generated generate VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 26 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 27 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 184 28 subset subset NN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 29 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 30 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 184 31 sequence sequence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 32 space space NN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 33 ; ; : cord-320417-01l27d99 184 34 4 4 LS cord-320417-01l27d99 184 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 184 36 it -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 184 37 helps help VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 184 38 identify identify VB cord-320417-01l27d99 184 39 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 184 40 emergence emergence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 41 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 42 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 184 43 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 184 44 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 184 45 hybrid hybrid JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 184 46 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 184 47 strains strain NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 184 48 that that WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 184 49 have have VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 184 50 both both DT cord-320417-01l27d99 184 51 positive positive JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 184 52 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 184 53 negative negative JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 184 54 potential potential JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 184 55 impacts impact NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 184 56 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 57 all all DT cord-320417-01l27d99 184 58 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 184 59 us -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 184 60 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 185 1 Specimen specimen JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 185 2 collection collection NN cord-320417-01l27d99 185 3 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 185 4 testing testing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 185 5 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 185 6 individuals individual NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 185 7 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 185 8 suspected suspect VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 185 9 COVID-19 covid-19 NN cord-320417-01l27d99 185 10 at at IN cord-320417-01l27d99 185 11 Mayo Mayo NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 185 12 Clinic Clinic NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 185 13 Rochester Rochester NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 185 14 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 185 15 screened screen VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 185 16 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 185 17 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 185 18 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 185 19 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 185 20 infections infection NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 185 21 as as IN cord-320417-01l27d99 185 22 per per IN cord-320417-01l27d99 185 23 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 185 24 CDC CDC NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 185 25 protocol protocol NN cord-320417-01l27d99 185 26 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 186 1 103 103 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 186 2 samples sample NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 186 3 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 186 4 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 186 5 positive positive JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 186 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 186 7 extracts extract NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 186 8 collected collect VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 186 9 between between IN cord-320417-01l27d99 186 10 April April NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 186 11 20 20 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 186 12 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 186 13 2020 2020 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 186 14 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 186 15 April April NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 186 16 29 29 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 186 17 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 186 18 2020 2020 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 186 19 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 186 20 provided provide VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 186 21 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 186 22 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 186 23 Department Department NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 186 24 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 186 25 Laboratory Laboratory NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 186 26 Medicine Medicine NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 186 27 & & CC cord-320417-01l27d99 186 28 Pathology Pathology NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 186 29 under under IN cord-320417-01l27d99 186 30 Mayo Mayo NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 186 31 Clinic Clinic NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 186 32 's 's POS cord-320417-01l27d99 186 33 approved approve VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 186 34 protocol protocol NN cord-320417-01l27d99 186 35 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 186 36 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 186 37 study study NN cord-320417-01l27d99 186 38 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 187 1 Detailed detailed JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 187 2 whole whole JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 187 3 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 187 4 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 187 5 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 187 6 analysis analysis NN cord-320417-01l27d99 187 7 methodologies methodology NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 187 8 came come VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 187 9 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 187 10 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 187 11 ARTIC ARTIC NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 187 12 network network NN cord-320417-01l27d99 187 13 6 6 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 187 14 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 188 1 Briefly briefly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 188 2 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 188 3 cDNA cdna NN cord-320417-01l27d99 188 4 synthesis synthesis NN cord-320417-01l27d99 188 5 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 188 6 performed perform VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 188 7 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 188 8 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 188 9 SuperScript SuperScript NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 188 10 IV IV NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 188 11 First First NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 188 12 Strand Strand NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 188 13 Synthesis Synthesis NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 188 14 Kit kit NN cord-320417-01l27d99 188 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 188 16 Thermo Thermo NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 188 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 188 18 according accord VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 188 19 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 188 20 manufacturer manufacturer NN cord-320417-01l27d99 188 21 specifications specification NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 188 22 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 189 1 Direct direct JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 189 2 amplification amplification NN cord-320417-01l27d99 189 3 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 189 4 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 189 5 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 189 6 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 189 7 cDNA cdna NN cord-320417-01l27d99 189 8 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 189 9 performed perform VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 189 10 using use VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 189 11 multiplexed multiplexed JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 189 12 primer primer NN cord-320417-01l27d99 189 13 pools pool NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 189 14 per per IN cord-320417-01l27d99 189 15 protocols protocol NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 189 16 provided provide VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 189 17 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 189 18 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 189 19 ARTIC ARTIC NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 189 20 Network Network NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 189 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 189 22 V3 V3 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 189 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 189 24 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 190 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 190 2 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 190 3 library library NN cord-320417-01l27d99 190 4 preparation preparation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 190 5 protocol protocol NN cord-320417-01l27d99 190 6 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 190 7 adapted adapt VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 190 8 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 190 9 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 190 10 ARTIC ARTIC NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 190 11 Network Network NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 190 12 's 's POS cord-320417-01l27d99 190 13 protocol protocol NN cord-320417-01l27d99 190 14 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 190 15 ONT ONT NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 190 16 " " `` cord-320417-01l27d99 190 17 PCR PCR NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 190 18 tiling tiling NN cord-320417-01l27d99 190 19 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 190 20 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 190 21 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 190 22 " " '' cord-320417-01l27d99 190 23 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 191 1 Adapter adapter NN cord-320417-01l27d99 191 2 ligation ligation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 191 3 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 191 4 cleanup cleanup NN cord-320417-01l27d99 191 5 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 191 6 performed perform VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 191 7 using use VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 191 8 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 191 9 ONT ONT NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 191 10 's 's POS cord-320417-01l27d99 191 11 Ligation Ligation NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 191 12 Sequencing Sequencing NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 191 13 kit kit NN cord-320417-01l27d99 191 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 191 15 SQK SQK NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 191 16 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 191 17 LSK109 LSK109 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 191 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 191 19 according accord VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 191 20 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 191 21 manufacturer manufacturer NN cord-320417-01l27d99 191 22 specifications specification NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 191 23 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 192 1 Libraries library NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 192 2 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 192 3 sequenced sequence VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 192 4 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 192 5 ONT ONT NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 192 6 's 's POS cord-320417-01l27d99 192 7 MinION minion NN cord-320417-01l27d99 192 8 device device NN cord-320417-01l27d99 192 9 using use VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 192 10 Type Type NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 192 11 R9.4.1 R9.4.1 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 192 12 flow flow NN cord-320417-01l27d99 192 13 cells cell NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 192 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 192 15 FLO FLO NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 192 16 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 192 17 MIN106D MIN106D NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 192 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 192 19 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 193 1 Raw raw JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 193 2 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 193 3 data datum NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 193 4 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 193 5 acquired acquire VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 193 6 using use VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 193 7 ONT ONT NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 193 8 's 's POS cord-320417-01l27d99 193 9 MinKnow MinKnow NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 193 10 software software NN cord-320417-01l27d99 193 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 193 12 3.6.5 3.6.5 NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 193 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 193 14 running run VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 193 15 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 193 16 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 193 17 custom custom NN cord-320417-01l27d99 193 18 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 193 19 built build VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 193 20 Dell Dell NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 193 21 Precision Precision NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 193 22 T5600 T5600 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 193 23 desktop desktop NN cord-320417-01l27d99 193 24 computer computer NN cord-320417-01l27d99 193 25 equipped equip VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 193 26 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 193 27 an an DT cord-320417-01l27d99 193 28 NVIDIA NVIDIA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 193 29 RTX RTX NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 193 30 2080Ti 2080Ti NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 193 31 graphic graphic NN cord-320417-01l27d99 193 32 processing processing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 193 33 unit unit NN cord-320417-01l27d99 193 34 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 194 1 Fast fast JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 194 2 live live RB cord-320417-01l27d99 194 3 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 194 4 basecalling basecalling NN cord-320417-01l27d99 194 5 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 194 6 enabled enable VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 194 7 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 194 8 barcode barcode NN cord-320417-01l27d99 194 9 detections detection NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 194 10 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 195 1 High high JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 195 2 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 195 3 accuracy accuracy NN cord-320417-01l27d99 195 4 basecalling basecalling NN cord-320417-01l27d99 195 5 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 195 6 nanopore nanopore NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 195 7 reads read VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 195 8 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 195 9 later later RB cord-320417-01l27d99 195 10 performed perform VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 195 11 using use VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 195 12 Guppy Guppy NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 195 13 v3.4.5 v3.4.5 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 195 14 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 195 15 an an DT cord-320417-01l27d99 195 16 HP HP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 195 17 Prodesk830 Prodesk830 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 195 18 computer computer NN cord-320417-01l27d99 195 19 equipped equip VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 195 20 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 195 21 an an DT cord-320417-01l27d99 195 22 NVIDIA NVIDIA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 195 23 RTX RTX NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 195 24 2060 2060 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 195 25 GPU GPU NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 195 26 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 196 1 Automatic automatic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 196 2 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 196 3 analyses analysis NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 196 4 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 196 5 performed perform VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 196 6 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 196 7 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 196 8 ARTIC ARTIC NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 196 9 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 196 10 nextflow nextflow NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 196 11 software software NN cord-320417-01l27d99 196 12 package package NN cord-320417-01l27d99 196 13 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 196 14 read read NN cord-320417-01l27d99 196 15 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 196 16 quality quality NN cord-320417-01l27d99 196 17 score score NN cord-320417-01l27d99 196 18 filtering filtering NN cord-320417-01l27d99 196 19 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 196 20 reference reference NN cord-320417-01l27d99 196 21 alignment alignment NN cord-320417-01l27d99 196 22 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 196 23 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 196 24 consensus consensus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 196 25 sequence sequence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 196 26 generation generation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 196 27 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 197 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 197 2 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 197 3 history history NN cord-320417-01l27d99 197 4 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 197 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 197 6 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 197 7 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 197 8 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 197 9 inferred infer VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 197 10 using use VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 197 11 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 197 12 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 197 13 approach approach NN cord-320417-01l27d99 197 14 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 197 15 implemented implement VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 197 16 through through IN cord-320417-01l27d99 197 17 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 197 18 Markov Markov NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 197 19 chain chain NN cord-320417-01l27d99 197 20 Monte Monte NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 197 21 Carlo Carlo NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 197 22 framework framework NN cord-320417-01l27d99 197 23 available available JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 197 24 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 197 25 BEAST BEAST NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 197 26 1.10.4 1.10.4 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 197 27 31 31 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 197 28 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 197 29 utilizing utilize VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 197 30 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 197 31 BEAGLE BEAGLE NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 197 32 library library NN cord-320417-01l27d99 197 33 v3 v3 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 197 34 32 32 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 197 35 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 197 36 increase increase VB cord-320417-01l27d99 197 37 computational computational JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 197 38 performance performance NN cord-320417-01l27d99 197 39 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 198 1 For for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 198 2 poorly poorly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 198 3 sampled sample VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 198 4 locations location NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 198 5 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 198 6 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 198 7 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 198 8 inference inference NN cord-320417-01l27d99 198 9 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 198 10 unsampled unsampled JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 198 11 genomes genome NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 198 12 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 198 13 associated associate VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 198 14 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 198 15 an an DT cord-320417-01l27d99 198 16 epidemiologically epidemiologically RB cord-320417-01l27d99 198 17 informed informed JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 198 18 sampling sampling NN cord-320417-01l27d99 198 19 time time NN cord-320417-01l27d99 198 20 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 198 21 location location NN cord-320417-01l27d99 198 22 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 198 23 but but CC cord-320417-01l27d99 198 24 not not RB cord-320417-01l27d99 198 25 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 198 26 observed observed JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 198 27 sequence sequence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 198 28 data datum NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 198 29 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 199 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 199 2 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 199 3 tree tree NN cord-320417-01l27d99 199 4 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 199 5 then then RB cord-320417-01l27d99 199 6 plotted plot VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 199 7 using use VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 199 8 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 199 9 FigTree FigTree NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 199 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 199 11 v1.4.4 v1.4.4 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 199 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 200 1 accompany accompany VB cord-320417-01l27d99 200 2 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 200 3 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 200 4 BEAST BEAST NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 200 5 package package NN cord-320417-01l27d99 200 6 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 201 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 201 2 consensus consensus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 201 3 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 201 4 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 201 5 have have VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 201 6 not not RB cord-320417-01l27d99 201 7 been be VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 201 8 deposited deposit VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 201 9 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 201 10 any any DT cord-320417-01l27d99 201 11 public public JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 201 12 database database NN cord-320417-01l27d99 201 13 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 201 14 pending pende VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 201 15 institutional institutional JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 201 16 approval approval NN cord-320417-01l27d99 201 17 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 202 1 About about IN cord-320417-01l27d99 202 2 18,000 18,000 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 202 3 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 202 4 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 202 5 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 202 6 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 202 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 202 8 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 202 9 downloaded download VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 202 10 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 202 11 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 202 12 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 202 13 September September NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 202 14 2 2 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 202 15 nd nd NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 202 16 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 202 17 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 202 18 which which WDT cord-320417-01l27d99 202 19 500 500 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 202 20 incomplete incomplete JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 202 21 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 202 22 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 202 23 less less JJR cord-320417-01l27d99 202 24 than than IN cord-320417-01l27d99 202 25 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 202 26 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 202 27 thirds third NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 202 28 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 202 29 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 202 30 usual usual JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 202 31 ~30,000 ~30,000 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 202 32 bp bp NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 202 33 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 202 34 length length NN cord-320417-01l27d99 202 35 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 202 36 discarded discard VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 202 37 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 203 1 Each each DT cord-320417-01l27d99 203 2 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 203 3 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 203 4 remaining remain VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 203 5 17,500 17,500 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 203 6 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 203 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 203 8 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 203 9 individually individually RB cord-320417-01l27d99 203 10 aligned align VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 203 11 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 203 12 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 203 13 reference reference NN cord-320417-01l27d99 203 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 203 15 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 203 16 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 203 17 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 204 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 204 2 NC_045512.2 NC_045512.2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 204 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 204 4 using use VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 204 5 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 204 6 NEEDLE needle NN cord-320417-01l27d99 204 7 tool tool NN cord-320417-01l27d99 204 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 204 9 Needleman Needleman NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 204 10 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 204 11 Wunsch Wunsch NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 204 12 global global JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 204 13 alignment alignment NN cord-320417-01l27d99 204 14 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 204 15 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 204 16 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 204 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 204 18 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 204 19 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 204 20 EMBOSS EMBOSS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 204 21 package package NN cord-320417-01l27d99 204 22 v6.6.0.0 v6.6.0.0 NN cord-320417-01l27d99 204 23 33 33 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 204 24 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 205 1 All all DT cord-320417-01l27d99 205 2 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 205 3 positions position NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 205 4 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 205 5 based base VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 205 6 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 205 7 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 205 8 reference reference NN cord-320417-01l27d99 205 9 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 205 10 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 206 1 Variants variant NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 206 2 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 206 3 SNPs SNPs NNPS cord-320417-01l27d99 206 4 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 206 5 named name VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 206 6 using use VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 206 7 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 206 8 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 206 9 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 206 10 sites site NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 206 11 software software NN cord-320417-01l27d99 206 12 34 34 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 206 13 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 207 1 Custom custom NN cord-320417-01l27d99 207 2 scripts script NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 207 3 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 207 4 Perl Perl NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 207 5 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 207 6 Python Python NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 207 7 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 207 8 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 207 9 R r NN cord-320417-01l27d99 207 10 were be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 207 11 used use VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 207 12 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 207 13 various various JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 207 14 calculations calculation NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 207 15 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 207 16 graphics graphic NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 207 17 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 207 18 _SP cord-320417-01l27d99 208 1 A a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 208 2 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-320417-01l27d99 208 3 outbreak outbreak NN cord-320417-01l27d99 208 4 associated associate VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 208 5 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 208 6 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 208 7 new new JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 208 8 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 208 9 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 208 10 probable probable JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 208 11 bat bat NN cord-320417-01l27d99 208 12 origin origin NN cord-320417-01l27d99 209 1 A a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 209 2 new new JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 209 3 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 209 4 associated associate VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 209 5 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 209 6 human human JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 209 7 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 209 8 disease disease NN cord-320417-01l27d99 209 9 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 209 10 China China NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 209 11 Evolution Evolution NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 209 12 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 209 13 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 209 14 novel novel JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 209 15 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 209 16 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 209 17 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 209 18 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 209 19 Wuhan Wuhan NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 209 20 outbreak outbreak NN cord-320417-01l27d99 209 21 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 209 22 modeling modeling NN cord-320417-01l27d99 209 23 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 209 24 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 209 25 spike spike NN cord-320417-01l27d99 209 26 protein protein NN cord-320417-01l27d99 209 27 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 209 28 risk risk NN cord-320417-01l27d99 209 29 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 209 30 human human JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 209 31 transmission transmission NN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 210 2 proximal proximal JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 210 3 origin origin NN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 4 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 210 6 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 210 7 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 210 8 Genomic genomic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 210 9 characterisation characterisation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 10 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 210 11 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 12 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 13 2019 2019 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 210 14 novel novel JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 210 15 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 16 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 210 17 implications implication NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 210 18 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 19 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 20 origins origin NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 210 21 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 210 22 receptor receptor NN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 23 binding bind VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 210 24 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 210 25 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 210 26 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 210 27 genomes genome NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 210 28 recovered recover VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 29 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 30 long long JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 210 31 amplicon amplicon NN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 32 tiling tiling NN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 33 multiplex multiplex NN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 34 approach approach NN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 35 using use VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 210 36 nanopore nanopore JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 210 37 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 38 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 210 39 applicable applicable JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 210 40 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 41 other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 210 42 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 210 43 platforms platform NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 211 1 Geographic geographic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 211 2 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 211 3 Genomic Genomic NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 211 4 Distribution Distribution NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 211 5 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 211 7 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 211 8 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 211 9 Mutations Mutations NNPS cord-320417-01l27d99 211 10 Mechanisms Mechanisms NNPS cord-320417-01l27d99 211 11 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 12 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 211 13 mutation mutation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 14 Recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 15 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 16 Globally globally RB cord-320417-01l27d99 211 17 Circulating circulate VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 211 18 Varicella varicella NN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 19 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 211 20 Zoster Zoster NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 211 21 Virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 22 Analyses analysis NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 211 23 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 24 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 211 25 whole whole JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 211 26 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 211 27 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 28 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 211 29 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 211 30 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 211 31 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 32 map map NN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 33 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 34 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 211 35 delta delta NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 211 36 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 37 suggest suggest VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 211 38 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 211 39 host host NN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 40 polymerase polymerase NN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 41 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 211 42 driven drive VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 43 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 211 44 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 211 45 RNA RNA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 211 46 structure structure NN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 47 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 211 48 promoted promote VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 49 templateswitching templateswitching NN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 50 mechanism mechanism NN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 51 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 211 52 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 211 53 RNA RNA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 211 54 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 1 First first JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 212 2 natural natural JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 212 3 crossover crossover NN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 4 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 5 between between IN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 6 two two CD cord-320417-01l27d99 212 7 distinct distinct JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 212 8 species specie NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 212 9 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 10 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 212 11 family family NN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 12 Closteroviridae Closteroviridae NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 212 13 leads lead VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 212 14 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 15 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 212 16 emergence emergence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 17 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 18 a a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 212 19 new new JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 212 20 disease disease NN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 21 Novel Novel NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 212 22 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 212 23 Is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 212 24 Undergoing undergo VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 212 25 Active Active NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 212 26 Recombination Recombination NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 212 27 Identification Identification NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 212 28 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 29 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 212 30 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 212 31 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 212 32 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 212 33 genomes genome NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 212 34 Rapid Rapid NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 212 35 detection detection NN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 36 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 37 inter inter JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 212 38 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 212 39 clade clade JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 212 40 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 41 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 42 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 212 43 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 212 44 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 212 45 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 46 Bolotie Bolotie NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 212 47 Running Running NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 212 48 title title NN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 49 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 212 50 Surveillance surveillance NN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 51 system system NN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 52 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 53 rapid rapid JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 212 54 identification identification NN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 55 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 56 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 212 57 sequences sequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 212 58 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 59 viral viral JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 212 60 genomes genome NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 212 61 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 62 low low JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 212 63 levels level NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 212 64 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 65 divergence divergence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 66 Recombination Recombination NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 212 67 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 212 68 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 212 69 viruses virus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 213 1 RDP4 rdp4 NN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 2 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 213 3 Detection detection NN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 4 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 213 5 analysis analysis NN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 6 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 7 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 8 patterns pattern NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 213 9 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 10 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 11 genomes genome NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 213 12 PhiPack PhiPack NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 213 13 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 213 14 PHI phi NN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 15 test test NN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 16 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 213 17 other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 213 18 tests test NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 213 19 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 20 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 21 Real real JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 213 22 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 213 23 time time NN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 24 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 213 25 portable portable JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 213 26 genome genome NN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 27 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 28 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 29 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 213 30 surveillance surveillance NN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 31 Multiplex Multiplex NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 213 32 PCR PCR NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 213 33 method method NN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 34 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 35 MinION MinION NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 213 36 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 213 37 Illumina Illumina NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 213 38 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 39 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 40 Zika Zika NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 213 41 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 213 42 other other JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 213 43 virus virus NN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 44 genomes genome NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 213 45 directly directly RB cord-320417-01l27d99 213 46 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 47 clinical clinical JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 213 48 samples sample NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 213 49 Direct Direct NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 213 50 RNA RNA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 213 51 sequencing sequencing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 52 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 213 53 early early JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 213 54 evolution evolution NN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 55 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 56 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 213 57 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 213 58 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 213 59 A a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 213 60 Unique Unique NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 213 61 Clade Clade NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 213 62 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 213 63 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 213 64 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 213 65 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 213 66 Viruses virus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 214 1 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 214 2 Associated associate VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 214 3 with with IN cord-320417-01l27d99 214 4 Lower low JJR cord-320417-01l27d99 214 5 Viral Viral NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 214 6 Loads Loads NNPS cord-320417-01l27d99 214 7 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 214 8 Patient Patient NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 214 9 Upper Upper NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 214 10 Airways Airways NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 214 11 RAMPART RAMPART NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 214 12 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 215 1 A a DT cord-320417-01l27d99 215 2 workflow workflow NN cord-320417-01l27d99 215 3 management management NN cord-320417-01l27d99 215 4 system system NN cord-320417-01l27d99 215 5 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 215 6 de de NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 215 7 novo novo NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 215 8 genome genome NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 215 9 assembly assembly NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 215 10 Phylogenetic Phylogenetic NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 215 11 network network NN cord-320417-01l27d99 215 12 analysis analysis NN cord-320417-01l27d99 215 13 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 215 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 215 15 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 215 16 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 215 17 genomes genome NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 216 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 216 2 emergence emergence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 216 3 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 216 4 SARS SARS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 216 5 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 216 6 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 216 7 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 216 8 Europe Europe NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 216 9 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 216 10 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 216 11 US US NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 217 1 How how WRB cord-320417-01l27d99 217 2 does do VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 217 3 recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 217 4 affect affect VB cord-320417-01l27d99 217 5 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-320417-01l27d99 217 6 estimation estimation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 217 7 ? ? . cord-320417-01l27d99 218 1 Consequences consequence NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 218 2 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 218 3 Recombination recombination NN cord-320417-01l27d99 218 4 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 218 5 Traditional Traditional NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 6 Phylogenetic Phylogenetic NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 7 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 8 Recombination Recombination NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 9 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 218 10 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-320417-01l27d99 218 11 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 218 12 effects effect NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 218 13 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 218 14 detection detection NN cord-320417-01l27d99 218 15 Chapter chapter NN cord-320417-01l27d99 218 16 43 43 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 218 17 Viral Viral NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 18 Genetics Genetics NNPS cord-320417-01l27d99 218 19 Quasispecies Quasispecies NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 20 theory theory NN cord-320417-01l27d99 218 21 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 218 22 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 218 23 behavior behavior NN cord-320417-01l27d99 218 24 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 218 25 RNA RNA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 26 viruses virus NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 218 27 Genetic genetic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 218 28 Diversity Diversity NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 29 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 218 30 RNA RNA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 31 Virus Virus NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 32 Quasispecies Quasispecies NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 33 Is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 218 34 Controlled control VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 218 35 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 218 36 Host Host NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 37 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 218 38 Virus Virus NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 39 Interactions Interactions NNPS cord-320417-01l27d99 218 40 Genetic Genetic NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 41 Diversity Diversity NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 42 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 218 43 RNA RNA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 44 Virus Virus NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 45 Quasispecies Quasispecies NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 46 Is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 218 47 Controlled control VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 218 48 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 218 49 Host Host NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 50 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 218 51 Virus Virus NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 52 Interactions Interactions NNPS cord-320417-01l27d99 218 53 Bayesian Bayesian NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 54 phylogenetic phylogenetic NN cord-320417-01l27d99 218 55 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 218 56 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 218 57 data datum NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 218 58 integration integration NN cord-320417-01l27d99 218 59 using use VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 218 60 BEAST BEAST NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 218 61 1.10 1.10 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 218 62 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 219 1 Virus Virus NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 219 2 Evol Evol NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 219 3 BEAGLE BEAGLE NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 219 4 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 220 1 An an DT cord-320417-01l27d99 220 2 application application NN cord-320417-01l27d99 220 3 programming programming NN cord-320417-01l27d99 220 4 interface interface NN cord-320417-01l27d99 220 5 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 220 6 highperformance highperformance JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 220 7 computing computing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 220 8 library library NN cord-320417-01l27d99 220 9 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 220 10 statistical statistical JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 220 11 phylogenetics phylogenetic NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 221 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 221 2 EMBL EMBL NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 221 3 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 221 4 EBI ebi NN cord-320417-01l27d99 221 5 search search NN cord-320417-01l27d99 221 6 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 221 7 sequence sequence NN cord-320417-01l27d99 221 8 analysis analysis NN cord-320417-01l27d99 221 9 tools tool NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 221 10 APIs api NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 221 11 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 221 12 2019 2019 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 221 13 SNP SNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 221 14 - - HYPH cord-320417-01l27d99 221 15 sites site NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 221 16 : : : cord-320417-01l27d99 221 17 rapid rapid JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 221 18 efficient efficient JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 221 19 extraction extraction NN cord-320417-01l27d99 221 20 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 221 21 SNPs SNPs NNPS cord-320417-01l27d99 221 22 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 221 23 multi multi JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 221 24 - - JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 221 25 FASTA fasta JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 221 26 alignments alignment NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 222 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 223 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 223 2 thank thank VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 223 3 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 223 4 Matthew Matthew NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 223 5 J. J. NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 223 6 Binnicker Binnicker NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 223 7 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 223 8 whose whose WP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 223 9 lab lab NN cord-320417-01l27d99 223 10 provided provide VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 223 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 223 12 extracts extract NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 223 13 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 223 14 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 223 15 samples sample NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 223 16 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 224 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 224 2 also also RB cord-320417-01l27d99 224 3 thank thank VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 224 4 Drs Drs NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 224 5 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 225 1 Gregory Gregory NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 225 2 A. A. NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 225 3 Worrell Worrell NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 225 4 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 225 5 Thomas Thomas NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 225 6 P. P. NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 225 7 Burghardt Burghardt NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 225 8 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 225 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 225 10 valuable valuable JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 225 11 comments comment NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 225 12 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 226 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-320417-01l27d99 226 2 especially especially RB cord-320417-01l27d99 226 3 thank thank VBP cord-320417-01l27d99 226 4 my -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 226 5 son son NN cord-320417-01l27d99 226 6 Michael Michael NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 226 7 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 226 8 my -PRON- PRP$ cord-320417-01l27d99 226 9 daughter daughter NN cord-320417-01l27d99 226 10 Michelle Michelle NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 226 11 who who WP cord-320417-01l27d99 226 12 provided provide VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 226 13 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 226 14 inputs input NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 226 15 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 226 16 this this DT cord-320417-01l27d99 226 17 work work NN cord-320417-01l27d99 226 18 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 226 19 proofreading proofread VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 226 20 on on IN cord-320417-01l27d99 226 21 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 226 22 initial initial JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 226 23 draft draft NN cord-320417-01l27d99 226 24 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 226 25 this this DT cord-320417-01l27d99 226 26 manuscript manuscript NN cord-320417-01l27d99 226 27 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 227 1 No no DT cord-320417-01l27d99 227 2 special special JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 227 3 funding funding NN cord-320417-01l27d99 227 4 was be VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 227 5 received receive VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 227 6 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 227 7 this this DT cord-320417-01l27d99 227 8 work work NN cord-320417-01l27d99 227 9 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 227 10 although although IN cord-320417-01l27d99 227 11 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 227 12 author author NN cord-320417-01l27d99 227 13 is be VBZ cord-320417-01l27d99 227 14 supported support VBN cord-320417-01l27d99 227 15 by by IN cord-320417-01l27d99 227 16 NIH NIH NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 227 17 BRAIN BRAIN NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 227 18 initiative initiative NN cord-320417-01l27d99 227 19 R01 R01 NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 227 20 grant grant NN cord-320417-01l27d99 228 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 228 2 NS112144 ns112144 NN cord-320417-01l27d99 228 3 from from IN cord-320417-01l27d99 228 4 NINDS NINDS NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 228 5 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 228 6 NIMH NIMH NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 228 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 228 8 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 228 9 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 228 10 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 228 11 Partnership Partnership NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 228 12 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 228 13 Biotechnology Biotechnology NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 228 14 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 228 15 Medical Medical NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 228 16 Genomics Genomics NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 228 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 228 18 MNP MNP NNP cord-320417-01l27d99 228 19 # # NN cord-320417-01l27d99 228 20 17.16 17.16 CD cord-320417-01l27d99 228 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-320417-01l27d99 228 22 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 229 1 These these DT cord-320417-01l27d99 229 2 funding funding NN cord-320417-01l27d99 229 3 sources source NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 229 4 had have VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 229 5 no no DT cord-320417-01l27d99 229 6 role role NN cord-320417-01l27d99 229 7 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 229 8 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 229 9 design design NN cord-320417-01l27d99 229 10 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 229 11 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 229 12 study study NN cord-320417-01l27d99 229 13 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 229 14 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 229 15 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 229 16 collection collection NN cord-320417-01l27d99 229 17 / / SYM cord-320417-01l27d99 229 18 analysis analysis NN cord-320417-01l27d99 229 19 / / SYM cord-320417-01l27d99 229 20 interpretation interpretation NN cord-320417-01l27d99 229 21 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 229 22 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 229 23 data datum NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 229 24 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 229 25 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 229 26 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 229 27 writing writing NN cord-320417-01l27d99 229 28 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 229 29 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 229 30 report report NN cord-320417-01l27d99 229 31 , , , cord-320417-01l27d99 229 32 or or CC cord-320417-01l27d99 229 33 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 229 34 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 229 35 decision decision NN cord-320417-01l27d99 229 36 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 229 37 publish publish VB cord-320417-01l27d99 229 38 . . . cord-320417-01l27d99 230 1 The the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 230 2 corresponding correspond VBG cord-320417-01l27d99 230 3 author author NN cord-320417-01l27d99 230 4 had have VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 230 5 access access NN cord-320417-01l27d99 230 6 to to IN cord-320417-01l27d99 230 7 all all DT cord-320417-01l27d99 230 8 of of IN cord-320417-01l27d99 230 9 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 230 10 data datum NNS cord-320417-01l27d99 230 11 in in IN cord-320417-01l27d99 230 12 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 230 13 study study NN cord-320417-01l27d99 230 14 and and CC cord-320417-01l27d99 230 15 had have VBD cord-320417-01l27d99 230 16 final final JJ cord-320417-01l27d99 230 17 responsibility responsibility NN cord-320417-01l27d99 230 18 for for IN cord-320417-01l27d99 230 19 the the DT cord-320417-01l27d99 230 20 decision decision NN cord-320417-01l27d99 230 21 to to TO cord-320417-01l27d99 230 22 submit submit VB cord-320417-01l27d99 230 23 this this DT cord-320417-01l27d99 230 24 work work NN cord-320417-01l27d99 230 25 . . .