Carrel name: journal-annInternMed-cord Creating study carrel named journal-annInternMed-cord Initializing database file: cache/cord-267124-8efdzlc0.json key: cord-267124-8efdzlc0 authors: Wichmann, Dominic; Sperhake, Jan-Peter; Lütgehetmann, Marc; Steurer, Stefan; Edler, Carolin; Heinemann, Axel; Heinrich, Fabian; Mushumba, Herbert; Kniep, Inga; Schröder, Ann Sophie; Burdelski, Christoph; de Heer, Geraldine; Nierhaus, Axel; Frings, Daniel; Pfefferle, Susanne; Becker, Heinrich; Bredereke-Wiedling, Hanns; de Weerth, Andreas; Paschen, Hans-Richard; Sheikhzadeh-Eggers, Sara; Stang, Axel; Schmiedel, Stefan; Bokemeyer, Carsten; Addo, Marylyn M.; Aepfelbacher, Martin; Püschel, Klaus; Kluge, Stefan title: Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study date: 2020-05-06 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-2003 sha: doc_id: 267124 cord_uid: 8efdzlc0 file: cache/cord-263549-hmdyb7hi.json key: cord-263549-hmdyb7hi authors: DeWitt, Dawn E. title: Fighting COVID-19: Enabling Graduating Students to Start Internship Early at Their Own Medical School date: 2020-04-07 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-1262 sha: doc_id: 263549 cord_uid: hmdyb7hi file: cache/cord-275946-ofd2ipvs.json key: cord-275946-ofd2ipvs authors: Cheng, Matthew P.; Yansouni, Cedric P.; Basta, Nicole E.; Desjardins, Michaël; Kanjilal, Sanjat; Paquette, Katryn; Caya, Chelsea; Semret, Makeda; Quach, Caroline; Libman, Michael; Mazzola, Laura; Sacks, Jilian A.; Dittrich, Sabine; Papenburg, Jesse title: Serodiagnostics for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Related Coronavirus-2: A Narrative Review date: 2020-06-04 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-2854 sha: doc_id: 275946 cord_uid: ofd2ipvs file: cache/cord-313345-zwe3tmq0.json key: cord-313345-zwe3tmq0 authors: Chou, Roger; Dana, Tracy; Jungbauer, Rebecca; Weeks, Chandler; McDonagh, Marian S. title: Update Alert: Masks for Prevention of Respiratory Virus Infections, Including SARS-CoV-2, in Health Care and Community Settings date: 2020-07-20 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/l20-0948 sha: doc_id: 313345 cord_uid: zwe3tmq0 file: cache/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.json key: cord-270970-9gtnsyts authors: Wolf, Michael S.; Serper, Marina; Opsasnick, Lauren; O'Conor, Rachel M.; Curtis, Laura M.; Benavente, Julia Yoshino; Wismer, Guisselle; Batio, Stephanie; Eifler, Morgan; Zheng, Pauline; Russell, Andrea; Arvanitis, Marina; Ladner, Daniela; Kwasny, Mary; Persell, Stephen D.; Rowe, Theresa; Linder, Jeffrey A.; Bailey, Stacy C. title: Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related to COVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Survey date: 2020-04-09 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-1239 sha: doc_id: 270970 cord_uid: 9gtnsyts file: cache/cord-253196-et1ekgdl.json key: cord-253196-et1ekgdl authors: Yazdany, Jinoos; Kim, Alfred H.J. title: Use of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Every Clinician Should Know date: 2020-03-31 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-1334 sha: doc_id: 253196 cord_uid: et1ekgdl file: cache/cord-335003-7ae0galy.json key: cord-335003-7ae0galy authors: Kussmaul, William G. title: COVID-19 and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker Therapy date: 2020-05-15 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-3047 sha: doc_id: 335003 cord_uid: 7ae0galy file: cache/cord-330916-s99ayg1j.json key: cord-330916-s99ayg1j authors: Hernandez, Adrian V.; Roman, Yuani M.; Pasupuleti, Vinay; Barboza, Joshuan J.; White, C. Michael title: Update Alert: Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine for the Treatment or Prophylaxis of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-15 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/l20-0945 sha: doc_id: 330916 cord_uid: s99ayg1j file: cache/cord-301183-k39e12cq.json key: cord-301183-k39e12cq authors: Pham, Tho D.; Huang, ChunHong; Wirz, Oliver F.; Röltgen, Katharina; Sahoo, Malaya K.; Layon, Arlene; Pandey, Suchitra; Foung, Steven K.; Boyd, Scott D.; Pinsky, Benjamin A. title: SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia in a Healthy Blood Donor 40 Days After Respiratory Illness Resolution date: 2020-07-17 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/l20-0725 sha: doc_id: 301183 cord_uid: k39e12cq file: cache/cord-289763-jek2pd31.json key: cord-289763-jek2pd31 authors: Fisher, Kimberly A.; Bloomstone, Sarah J.; Walder, Jeremy; Crawford, Sybil; Fouayzi, Hassan; Mazor, Kathleen M. title: Attitudes Toward a Potential SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: A Survey of U.S. Adults date: 2020-09-04 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-3569 sha: doc_id: 289763 cord_uid: jek2pd31 file: cache/cord-298632-xu1sgguh.json key: cord-298632-xu1sgguh authors: Tyan, Kevin; Cohen, Pieter A. title: Investing in Our First Line of Defense: Environmental Services Workers date: 2020-05-01 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-2237 sha: doc_id: 298632 cord_uid: xu1sgguh file: cache/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.json key: cord-276428-oy8e2cpx authors: Krishnan, Lakshmi; Ogunwole, S. Michelle; Cooper, Lisa A. title: Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward date: 2020-06-05 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-2223 sha: doc_id: 276428 cord_uid: oy8e2cpx file: cache/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.json key: cord-312125-j9l6l3dx authors: Pau, Alice K.; Aberg, Judith; Baker, Jason; Belperio, Pamela S.; Coopersmith, Craig; Crew, Page; Glidden, David V.; Grund, Birgit; Gulick, Roy M.; Harrison, Carly; Kim, Arthur; Lane, H. Clifford; Masur, Henry; Sheikh, Virginia; Singh, Kanal; Yazdany, Jinoos; Tebas, Pablo title: Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of COVID-19: Perspectives of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel date: 2020-09-25 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-6448 sha: doc_id: 312125 cord_uid: j9l6l3dx file: cache/cord-287191-e8073l9p.json key: cord-287191-e8073l9p authors: Klompas, Michael title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Protecting Hospitals From the Invisible date: 2020-03-11 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-0751 sha: doc_id: 287191 cord_uid: e8073l9p file: cache/cord-339509-4ezt6o0o.json key: cord-339509-4ezt6o0o authors: Fox, Sharon E.; Lameira, Fernanda S.; Rinker, Elizabeth B.; Vander Heide, Richard S. title: Cardiac Endotheliitis and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome After COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/l20-0882 sha: doc_id: 339509 cord_uid: 4ezt6o0o file: cache/cord-307717-vf85qt8j.json key: cord-307717-vf85qt8j authors: Dewey, Charlene; Hingle, Susan; Goelz, Elizabeth; Linzer, Mark title: Supporting Clinicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-03-20 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-1033 sha: doc_id: 307717 cord_uid: vf85qt8j file: cache/cord-338757-fsid4a39.json key: cord-338757-fsid4a39 authors: Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten title: This Time Must Be Different: Disparities During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-28 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-2247 sha: doc_id: 338757 cord_uid: fsid4a39 file: cache/cord-301852-9nza3po0.json key: cord-301852-9nza3po0 authors: Sears, David; Ahalt, Cyrus; Augustine, Dallas; Williams, Brie title: Occupational Health: A Key to the Control of COVID-19 in Correctional Facilities date: 2020-07-27 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-4543 sha: doc_id: 301852 cord_uid: 9nza3po0 file: cache/cord-337482-imxkpfrn.json key: cord-337482-imxkpfrn authors: Koplan, Jeffrey; Ostroff, Samuel M.; Mokdad, Ali H. title: Maxims for a Pandemic: Time, Distance, and Data date: 2020-10-27 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-6934 sha: doc_id: 337482 cord_uid: imxkpfrn file: cache/cord-294369-e3jyihvm.json key: cord-294369-e3jyihvm authors: del Amo, Julia; Polo, Rosa; Moreno, Santiago; Díaz, Asunción; Martínez, Esteban; Arribas, José Ramón; Jarrín, Inma; Hernán, Miguel A. title: Incidence and Severity of COVID-19 in HIV-Positive Persons Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cohort Study date: 2020-06-26 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-3689 sha: doc_id: 294369 cord_uid: e3jyihvm file: cache/cord-303420-3jlqx83u.json key: cord-303420-3jlqx83u authors: Kiser, Stephanie B.; Bernacki, Rachelle E. title: When the Dust Settles: Preventing a Mental Health Crisis in COVID-19 Clinicians date: 2020-06-09 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-3738 sha: doc_id: 303420 cord_uid: 3jlqx83u file: cache/cord-300474-r5gms09p.json key: cord-300474-r5gms09p authors: Mackey, Katherine; Kansagara, Devan; Vela, Kathryn title: Update Alert 2: Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults date: 2020-07-23 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/l20-0969 sha: doc_id: 300474 cord_uid: r5gms09p file: cache/cord-309633-1cd74xdl.json key: cord-309633-1cd74xdl authors: Rogers, Julia H.; Link, Amy C.; McCulloch, Denise; Brandstetter, Elisabeth; Newman, Kira L.; Jackson, Michael L.; Hughes, James P.; Englund, Janet A.; Boeckh, Michael; Sugg, Nancy; Ilcisin, Misja; Sibley, Thomas R.; Fay, Kairsten; Lee, Jover; Han, Peter; Truong, Melissa; Richardson, Matthew; Nickerson, Deborah A.; Starita, Lea M.; Bedford, Trevor; Chu, Helen Y. title: Characteristics of COVID-19 in Homeless Shelters: A Community-Based Surveillance Study date: 2020-09-15 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-3799 sha: doc_id: 309633 cord_uid: 1cd74xdl file: cache/cord-273192-r1wt1oyg.json key: cord-273192-r1wt1oyg authors: Blackburn, Justin; Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.; Carroll, Aaron E.; Halverson, Paul K.; Menachemi, Nir title: Infection Fatality Ratios for COVID-19 Among Noninstitutionalized Persons 12 and Older: Results of a Random-Sample Prevalence Study date: 2020-09-02 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-5352 sha: doc_id: 273192 cord_uid: r1wt1oyg file: cache/cord-275601-9y5zj9an.json key: cord-275601-9y5zj9an authors: Boutron, Isabelle; Chaimani, Anna; Meerpohl, Joerg J.; Hróbjartsson, Asbjørn; Devane, Declan; Rada, Gabriel; Tovey, David; Grasselli, Giacomo; Ravaud, Philippe title: The COVID-NMA Project: Building an Evidence Ecosystem for the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-15 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-5261 sha: doc_id: 275601 cord_uid: 9y5zj9an file: cache/cord-284694-bk6bnox0.json key: cord-284694-bk6bnox0 authors: Wang, Changsong; Kang, Kai; Gao, Yan; Ye, Ming; Lan, Xiuwen; Li, Xueting; Zhao, Mingyan; Yu, Kaijiang title: Cytokine Levels in the Body Fluids of a Patient With COVID-19 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Report date: 2020-05-12 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/l20-0354 sha: doc_id: 284694 cord_uid: bk6bnox0 file: cache/cord-309207-n8u8ddv7.json key: cord-309207-n8u8ddv7 authors: Lechien, Jerome R.; Chiesa-Estomba MD, Carlos M.; Hans, Stephane; Barillari MD, Maria Rosaria; Jouffe, Lionel; Saussez, Sven title: Loss of Smell and Taste in 2013 European Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19 date: 2020-05-26 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-2428 sha: doc_id: 309207 cord_uid: n8u8ddv7 file: cache/cord-325643-nszsf0nu.json key: cord-325643-nszsf0nu authors: Tan, Benjamin Y.Q.; Chew, Nicholas W.S.; Lee, Grace K.H.; Jing, Mingxue; Goh, Yihui; Yeo, Leonard L.L.; Zhang, Ka; Chin, Howe-Keat; Ahmad, Aftab; Khan, Faheem Ahmed; Shanmugam, Ganesh Napolean; Chan, Bernard P.L.; Sunny, Sibi; Chandra, Bharatendu; Ong, Jonathan J.Y.; Paliwal, Prakash R.; Wong, Lily Y.H.; Sagayanathan, Renarebecca; Chen, Jin Tao; Ying Ng, Alison Ying; Teoh, Hock Luen; Ho, Cyrus S.; Ho, Roger C.; Sharma, Vijay K. title: Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Workers in Singapore date: 2020-04-06 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-1083 sha: doc_id: 325643 cord_uid: nszsf0nu file: cache/cord-309650-6xz9gjq0.json key: cord-309650-6xz9gjq0 authors: Chou, Roger; Dana, Tracy; Buckley, David I.; Selph, Shelley; Fu, Rongwei; Totten, Annette M. title: Update Alert 4: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers date: 2020-09-11 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/l20-1134 sha: doc_id: 309650 cord_uid: 6xz9gjq0 file: cache/cord-294628-ecg13s7a.json key: cord-294628-ecg13s7a authors: Chia, Ming Li; Him Chau, Dickson Hong; Lim, Kheng Sit; Yang Liu, Christopher Wei; Tan, Hiang Khoon; Tan, Yan Ru title: Managing COVID-19 in a Novel, Rapidly Deployable Community Isolation Quarantine Facility date: 2020-09-17 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-4746 sha: doc_id: 294628 cord_uid: ecg13s7a file: cache/cord-355805-ajlf5je4.json key: cord-355805-ajlf5je4 authors: Qaseem, Amir; Yost, Jennifer; Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta, Itziar; Miller, Matthew C.; Abraham, George M.; Obley, Adam Jacob; Forciea, Mary Ann; Jokela, Janet A.; Humphrey, Linda L. title: Should Clinicians Use Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin for the Prophylaxis or Treatment of COVID-19? Living Practice Points From the American College of Physicians (Version 1) date: 2020-05-13 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-1998 sha: doc_id: 355805 cord_uid: ajlf5je4 file: cache/cord-339459-z22a5yzo.json key: cord-339459-z22a5yzo authors: Mackey, Katherine; King, Valerie J.; Gurley, Susan; Kiefer, Michael; Liederbauer, Erik; Vela, Kathryn; Sonnen, Payten; Kansagara, Devan title: Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults: A Living Systematic Review date: 2020-05-15 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-1515 sha: doc_id: 339459 cord_uid: z22a5yzo file: cache/cord-290070-534936lf.json key: cord-290070-534936lf authors: Bornstein, Sue S.; Mire, Ryan D.; Barrett, Eileen D.; Moyer, Darilyn V.; Cooney, Thomas G. title: The Collision of COVID-19 and the U.S. Health System date: 2020-06-02 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-1851 sha: doc_id: 290070 cord_uid: 534936lf file: cache/cord-309513-dleo9rpl.json key: cord-309513-dleo9rpl authors: Zhang, Huilan; Zhou, Peng; Wei, Yanqiu; Yue, Huihui; Wang, Yi; Hu, Ming; Zhang, Shu; Cao, Tanze; Yang, Chengqing; Li, Ming; Guo, Guangyun; Chen, Xianxiang; Chen, Ying; Lei, Mei; Liu, Huiguo; Zhao, Jianping; Peng, Peng; Wang, Cong-Yi; Du, Ronghui title: Histopathologic Changes and SARS–CoV-2 Immunostaining in the Lung of a Patient With COVID-19 date: 2020-03-12 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-0533 sha: doc_id: 309513 cord_uid: dleo9rpl file: cache/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.json key: cord-323054-m8hkj1dm authors: Schwartz, Rachel; Sinskey, Jina L.; Anand, Uma; Margolis, Rebecca D. title: Addressing Postpandemic Clinician Mental Health: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework date: 2020-08-21 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-4199 sha: doc_id: 323054 cord_uid: m8hkj1dm file: cache/cord-313423-g50oh15t.json key: cord-313423-g50oh15t authors: Lynch, Holly Fernandez; Bateman-House, Alison; Joffe, Steven title: Emergency Approvals for COVID-19: Evolving Impact on Obligations to Patients in Clinical Care and Research date: 2020-11-03 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-6703 sha: doc_id: 313423 cord_uid: g50oh15t file: cache/cord-280672-6x968dwk.json key: cord-280672-6x968dwk authors: Fisman, David N.; Greer, Amy L.; Tuite, Ashleigh R. title: Age Is Just a Number: A Critically Important Number for COVID-19 Case Fatality date: 2020-07-22 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-4048 sha: doc_id: 280672 cord_uid: 6x968dwk file: cache/cord-318876-m1v0ij84.json key: cord-318876-m1v0ij84 authors: Spagnolo, Primavera A.; Manson, JoAnn E.; Joffe, Hadine title: Sex and Gender Differences in Health: What the COVID-19 Pandemic Can Teach Us date: 2020-05-08 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-1941 sha: doc_id: 318876 cord_uid: m1v0ij84 Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named journal-annInternMed-cord === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 28996 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301183-k39e12cq author: Pham, Tho D. title: SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia in a Healthy Blood Donor 40 Days After Respiratory Illness Resolution date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301183-k39e12cq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301183-k39e12cq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-301183-k39e12cq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313345-zwe3tmq0 author: Chou, Roger title: Update Alert: Masks for Prevention of Respiratory Virus Infections, Including SARS-CoV-2, in Health Care and Community Settings date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313345-zwe3tmq0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313345-zwe3tmq0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313345-zwe3tmq0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263549-hmdyb7hi author: DeWitt, Dawn E. title: Fighting COVID-19: Enabling Graduating Students to Start Internship Early at Their Own Medical School date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263549-hmdyb7hi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263549-hmdyb7hi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-263549-hmdyb7hi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335003-7ae0galy author: Kussmaul, William G. title: COVID-19 and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker Therapy date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335003-7ae0galy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335003-7ae0galy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335003-7ae0galy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284694-bk6bnox0 author: Wang, Changsong title: Cytokine Levels in the Body Fluids of a Patient With COVID-19 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Report date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284694-bk6bnox0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284694-bk6bnox0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284694-bk6bnox0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330916-s99ayg1j author: Hernandez, Adrian V. title: Update Alert: Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine for the Treatment or Prophylaxis of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330916-s99ayg1j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330916-s99ayg1j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330916-s99ayg1j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298632-xu1sgguh author: Tyan, Kevin title: Investing in Our First Line of Defense: Environmental Services Workers date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298632-xu1sgguh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298632-xu1sgguh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298632-xu1sgguh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300474-r5gms09p author: Mackey, Katherine title: Update Alert 2: Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300474-r5gms09p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300474-r5gms09p.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300474-r5gms09p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339509-4ezt6o0o author: Fox, Sharon E. title: Cardiac Endotheliitis and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome After COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339509-4ezt6o0o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339509-4ezt6o0o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339509-4ezt6o0o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307717-vf85qt8j author: Dewey, Charlene title: Supporting Clinicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-03-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307717-vf85qt8j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307717-vf85qt8j.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307717-vf85qt8j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309650-6xz9gjq0 author: Chou, Roger title: Update Alert 4: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309650-6xz9gjq0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309650-6xz9gjq0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309650-6xz9gjq0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287191-e8073l9p author: Klompas, Michael title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Protecting Hospitals From the Invisible date: 2020-03-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287191-e8073l9p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287191-e8073l9p.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287191-e8073l9p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337482-imxkpfrn author: Koplan, Jeffrey title: Maxims for a Pandemic: Time, Distance, and Data date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337482-imxkpfrn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337482-imxkpfrn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337482-imxkpfrn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309513-dleo9rpl author: Zhang, Huilan title: Histopathologic Changes and SARS–CoV-2 Immunostaining in the Lung of a Patient With COVID-19 date: 2020-03-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309513-dleo9rpl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309513-dleo9rpl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309513-dleo9rpl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253196-et1ekgdl author: Yazdany, Jinoos title: Use of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Every Clinician Should Know date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253196-et1ekgdl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253196-et1ekgdl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253196-et1ekgdl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313423-g50oh15t author: Lynch, Holly Fernandez title: Emergency Approvals for COVID-19: Evolving Impact on Obligations to Patients in Clinical Care and Research date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313423-g50oh15t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313423-g50oh15t.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313423-g50oh15t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303420-3jlqx83u author: Kiser, Stephanie B. title: When the Dust Settles: Preventing a Mental Health Crisis in COVID-19 Clinicians date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303420-3jlqx83u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303420-3jlqx83u.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303420-3jlqx83u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275601-9y5zj9an author: Boutron, Isabelle title: The COVID-NMA Project: Building an Evidence Ecosystem for the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275601-9y5zj9an.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275601-9y5zj9an.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275601-9y5zj9an.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309207-n8u8ddv7 author: Lechien, Jerome R. title: Loss of Smell and Taste in 2013 European Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19 date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309207-n8u8ddv7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309207-n8u8ddv7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309207-n8u8ddv7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273192-r1wt1oyg author: Blackburn, Justin title: Infection Fatality Ratios for COVID-19 Among Noninstitutionalized Persons 12 and Older: Results of a Random-Sample Prevalence Study date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273192-r1wt1oyg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273192-r1wt1oyg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273192-r1wt1oyg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312125-j9l6l3dx author: Pau, Alice K. title: Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of COVID-19: Perspectives of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290070-534936lf author: Bornstein, Sue S. title: The Collision of COVID-19 and the U.S. Health System date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290070-534936lf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290070-534936lf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290070-534936lf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280672-6x968dwk author: Fisman, David N. title: Age Is Just a Number: A Critically Important Number for COVID-19 Case Fatality date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280672-6x968dwk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280672-6x968dwk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280672-6x968dwk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325643-nszsf0nu author: Tan, Benjamin Y.Q. title: Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Workers in Singapore date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325643-nszsf0nu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325643-nszsf0nu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325643-nszsf0nu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301852-9nza3po0 author: Sears, David title: Occupational Health: A Key to the Control of COVID-19 in Correctional Facilities date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301852-9nza3po0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301852-9nza3po0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301852-9nza3po0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338757-fsid4a39 author: Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten title: This Time Must Be Different: Disparities During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338757-fsid4a39.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338757-fsid4a39.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338757-fsid4a39.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318876-m1v0ij84 author: Spagnolo, Primavera A. title: Sex and Gender Differences in Health: What the COVID-19 Pandemic Can Teach Us date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318876-m1v0ij84.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318876-m1v0ij84.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318876-m1v0ij84.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355805-ajlf5je4 author: Qaseem, Amir title: Should Clinicians Use Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin for the Prophylaxis or Treatment of COVID-19? Living Practice Points From the American College of Physicians (Version 1) date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355805-ajlf5je4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355805-ajlf5je4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355805-ajlf5je4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275946-ofd2ipvs author: Cheng, Matthew P. title: Serodiagnostics for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Related Coronavirus-2: A Narrative Review date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275946-ofd2ipvs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275946-ofd2ipvs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275946-ofd2ipvs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294369-e3jyihvm author: del Amo, Julia title: Incidence and Severity of COVID-19 in HIV-Positive Persons Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cohort Study date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294369-e3jyihvm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294369-e3jyihvm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294369-e3jyihvm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270970-9gtnsyts author: Wolf, Michael S. title: Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related to COVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Survey date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289763-jek2pd31 author: Fisher, Kimberly A. title: Attitudes Toward a Potential SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: A Survey of U.S. Adults date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289763-jek2pd31.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289763-jek2pd31.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289763-jek2pd31.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267124-8efdzlc0 author: Wichmann, Dominic title: Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267124-8efdzlc0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267124-8efdzlc0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267124-8efdzlc0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309633-1cd74xdl author: Rogers, Julia H. title: Characteristics of COVID-19 in Homeless Shelters: A Community-Based Surveillance Study date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309633-1cd74xdl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309633-1cd74xdl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309633-1cd74xdl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294628-ecg13s7a author: Chia, Ming Li title: Managing COVID-19 in a Novel, Rapidly Deployable Community Isolation Quarantine Facility date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294628-ecg13s7a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294628-ecg13s7a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294628-ecg13s7a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276428-oy8e2cpx author: Krishnan, Lakshmi title: Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323054-m8hkj1dm author: Schwartz, Rachel title: Addressing Postpandemic Clinician Mental Health: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt' Que is empty; done journal-annInternMed-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267124-8efdzlc0 author = Wichmann, Dominic title = Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4062 sentences = 240 flesch = 50 summary = In response to the pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2, the authorities of the German federal state of Hamburg ordered mandatory autopsies in all patients dying with a diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). During autopsy, tissue samples for histology were taken from the following organs: heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, brain, prostate and testes (in males), ovaries (in females), small bowel, saphenous vein, common carotid artery, pharynx, and muscle. In this autopsy study of 12 consecutive patients who died of COVID-19, we found a high incidence of deep venous thrombosis (58%). In studies that examined deceased patients with COVID-19 without relying on autopsy, no increased rates of pulmonary embolism were observed clinically. To our knowledge, only 3 case reports have been published on patients with COVID-19 who have undergone complete autopsy and a few more in which only lung tissue was examined (7, 8) . cache = ./cache/cord-267124-8efdzlc0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267124-8efdzlc0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263549-hmdyb7hi author = DeWitt, Dawn E. title = Fighting COVID-19: Enabling Graduating Students to Start Internship Early at Their Own Medical School date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 697 sentences = 51 flesch = 56 summary = title: Fighting COVID-19: Enabling Graduating Students to Start Internship Early at Their Own Medical School This perspective proposes one way to ensure enough doctors, nurses, and pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic: Enable graduating students to start internship early at their own medical school. Many medical schools have a "capstone" course in the final weeks before graduation that prepares students for internship, with content geared toward meeting common patient care challenges. The United States could provide loan repayment or other federal payment programs for any senior students willing (and competent, as judged by their medical school) to begin early. The average U.S. medical student graduates with approximately $200 000 of debt (7), so generous repayment programs would be welcome-and fitting-with potentially less bureaucracy than officially hiring students through health care systems short term. Graduate medical education (GME) leaders would need to discuss potentially giving participating students "credit" toward residency completion. Accessed at www .ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/covid-19-states-call-early -medical-school-grads-bolster-workforce on 5 cache = ./cache/cord-263549-hmdyb7hi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263549-hmdyb7hi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335003-7ae0galy author = Kussmaul, William G. title = COVID-19 and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker Therapy date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 739 sentences = 54 flesch = 57 summary = Mackey and colleagues reported a systematic review that found high-certainty evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers are not associated with greater illness severity in patients with COVID-19. The authors present data from 3 studies that found, with moderate certainty of evidence, no relationship of ACEI or ARB use with testing positive for the virus or becoming ill from it. On the basis of further data from 14 observational studies encompassing more than 23 000 adults with COVID-19, they found high-certainty evidence that the drugs are not associated with greater illness severity. As a result of this progression from fear and theory through data and multiple analyses from different continents, we now have reasonable reassurance that drugs that alter the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) do not pose substantial threats as either COVID-19 risk factors or severity multipliers. Can angiotensin receptor-blocking drugs perhaps be harmful in the COVID-19 pandemic? cache = ./cache/cord-335003-7ae0galy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335003-7ae0galy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313345-zwe3tmq0 author = Chou, Roger title = Update Alert: Masks for Prevention of Respiratory Virus Infections, Including SARS-CoV-2, in Health Care and Community Settings date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 602 sentences = 40 flesch = 43 summary = title: Update Alert: Masks for Prevention of Respiratory Virus Infections, Including SARS-CoV-2, in Health Care and Community Settings Masks for prevention of respiratory virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in health care and community settings: a living rapid review Facemasks and hand hygiene to prevent influenza transmission in households: a cluster randomized trial Risk factors for SARS infection among hospital healthcare workers in Beijing: a case control study A case-control study on the risk factors of severe acute respiratory syndromes among health care workers Factors associated with transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome among health-care workers in Singapore Surgical mask vs N95 respirator for preventing influenza among health care workers: a randomized trial A cluster randomized clinical trial comparing fit-tested and non-fit-tested N95 respirators to medical masks to prevent respiratory virus infection in health care workers. N95 Respirators vs medical masks for preventing influenza among health care personnel: a randomized clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-313345-zwe3tmq0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313345-zwe3tmq0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275946-ofd2ipvs author = Cheng, Matthew P. title = Serodiagnostics for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Related Coronavirus-2: A Narrative Review date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5277 sentences = 282 flesch = 38 summary = Accurate serologic tests to detect host antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) will be critical for the public health response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This article discusses key use cases for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection tests and their application to serologic studies, reviews currently available assays, highlights key areas of ongoing research, and proposes potential strategies for test implementation. Appropriately designed seroepidemiologic studies will play an essential part in the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic by characterizing transmission dynamics, refining disease burden estimates, and providing insight into the kinetics of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Serologic surveillance studies can also assess the accumulation of persons with antibody responses over time to estimate incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (57, 58) and can track age-and jurisdiction-specific disease susceptibility and identify at-risk populations (59) . cache = ./cache/cord-275946-ofd2ipvs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275946-ofd2ipvs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270970-9gtnsyts author = Wolf, Michael S. title = Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related to COVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Survey date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4493 sentences = 213 flesch = 51 summary = In multivariable analyses, participants who were black, were living below the poverty level, and had low health literacy were more likely to be less worried about COVID-19, to not believe that they would become infected, and to feel less prepared for an outbreak. We did a time-sensitive study among higher-risk, older adults living with 1 or more chronic conditions to determine their current awareness of COVID-19, their perception of the seriousness of its threat, their level of worry and concern related to contracting the virus, whether it is affecting their daily routine or existing plans, how prepared they feel to handle an outbreak, and their confidence in the federal government response. In our study, disparities by race, socioeconomic status, and health literacy were not reflected in ratings of the seriousness of the COVID-19 threat, demonstrated knowledge of its symptom presentation or general means to prevent it, or reported changes to daily routines and plans. cache = ./cache/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253196-et1ekgdl author = Yazdany, Jinoos title = Use of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Every Clinician Should Know date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1330 sentences = 70 flesch = 45 summary = Two medications often used for treatment of immune-mediated conditions, hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, have recently attracted widespread interest as potential therapies for coronavirus disease 2019. The antimalarials hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) have demonstrated antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro and in small, poorly controlled or uncontrolled clinical studies (1) (2) (3) . Here, we try to provide guidance regarding clinical decision making both for patients with COVID-19 and those with immune-mediated conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and strategies to mitigate further harm to these patients. At this time of crisis, it is our ethical obligation as physicians and researchers to organize and refer patients to expedited, well-performed randomized trials that can clarify if, when, and for whom antimalarial medications are helpful in COVID-19. A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with common coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-253196-et1ekgdl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253196-et1ekgdl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330916-s99ayg1j author = Hernandez, Adrian V. title = Update Alert: Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine for the Treatment or Prophylaxis of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 973 sentences = 68 flesch = 48 summary = Given the risk of bias for individual studies and the conflicting direction and magnitude of results, the evidence from both RCTs and cohort studies remains insufficiently strong to support a benefit of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with covid-19 pneumonia who require oxygen: observational comparative study using routine care data Efficacy and safety of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in moderate type of COVID-19: a prospective open-label randomized controlled study. Clinical outcomes of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a quasi-randomized comparative study. No evidence of clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection with oxygen requirement: results of a study using routinely collected data to emulate a target trial. Preliminary evidence from a multicenter prospective observational study of the safety and efficacy of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-330916-s99ayg1j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330916-s99ayg1j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301183-k39e12cq author = Pham, Tho D. title = SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia in a Healthy Blood Donor 40 Days After Respiratory Illness Resolution date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 289 sentences = 26 flesch = 55 summary = title: SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia in a Healthy Blood Donor 40 Days After Respiratory Illness Resolution than 1 month after symptom resolution is concerning in light of current guidelines, which do not recommend SARS-CoV-2 screening in the general allogeneic donor population (5) . In this case, plasma viral RNA was reproducibly detected at a time point that exceeded recommendations for deferral based on time since symptom resolution (14 days). Of importance, these results are unlikely to be false-positive given that 2 different regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome were detected in separate specimens collected on the day of donation and that quality control passed on all runs, including the absence of amplification in the negative controls. Of note, however, the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 from blood remains unknown and, to date, we are not aware of cases of transfusion-transmitted COVID-19. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA detected in blood donations cache = ./cache/cord-301183-k39e12cq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301183-k39e12cq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289763-jek2pd31 author = Fisher, Kimberly A. title = Attitudes Toward a Potential SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: A Survey of U.S. Adults date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4704 sentences = 227 flesch = 44 summary = Data on participant characteristics were provided by NORC and included age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, household income, household size, marital status, employment status, geographic location, urban or rural location (addresses within a metropolitan statistical area were categorized as urban), receipt of influenza vaccination in the prior year, and self-rated overall health status. After adjustment for differences in participant characteristics ( Table 3) , factors that were independently associated with vaccine hesitancy (response of "no" or "not sure") include younger age (<60 years), Black race, educational attainment of less than a college degree, and not receiving an influenza vaccine in the prior year. We found several independent predictors of being hesitant to be vaccinated against COVID-19; the strongest were lower educational attainment, Black race, not having had a recent influenza vaccination, and perceived personal risk for coronavirus, consistent with the findings of a national survey conducted by RTI (20) . cache = ./cache/cord-289763-jek2pd31.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289763-jek2pd31.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298632-xu1sgguh author = Tyan, Kevin title = Investing in Our First Line of Defense: Environmental Services Workers date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1106 sentences = 60 flesch = 51 summary = Across hospital systems, cost-cutting to reduce EVS staff and cleaning hours has been associated with increased nosocomial infections (1) (2) (3) . In light of evidence that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can survive on surfaces for up to 3 days (5), along with studies demonstrating that viral shedding contaminates over 80% of the interior of hospital rooms (6) and aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2 causes extensive surface contamination (7), it is now more urgent than ever to emphasize the importance of environmental cleaning. Cleaning staff have been whittled down by 25% during this time, and more than one third of hospitals have disbanded their own EVS teams to outsource this work to contractors, shedding valuable institutional experience while exacerbating high turnover and inadequate training (1). To thoroughly disinfect a hospital room, EVS workers need sufficient time, proper technique, and effective tools. cache = ./cache/cord-298632-xu1sgguh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298632-xu1sgguh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276428-oy8e2cpx author = Krishnan, Lakshmi title = Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5436 sentences = 303 flesch = 44 summary = This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular re-sponses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. We examine the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex, sometimes surprising ways it triggered particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. Although the influenza pandemic does not reveal ready associations between deleterious social, cultural, and economic conditions and poor outcomes (aside from higher case-fatality rate) for black Americans, the gaps in historical documentation may reflect inherent disparities and consequences of limited racial/ethnic data collection. cache = ./cache/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312125-j9l6l3dx author = Pau, Alice K. title = Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of COVID-19: Perspectives of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1796 sentences = 98 flesch = 48 summary = In the United States, the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently being tested in randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. Treatment of individual patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma outside such trials is also now permitted through U.S. Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization. Here, members of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel provide their views regarding use of convalescent plasma for treating COVID-19. In March 2020, the FDA authorized expanded access to convalescent plasma for treating severe or life-threatening COVID-19 under individual-patient emergency Investigational New Drug applications. Given the lack of data from properly powered RCTs, and the need to inform regulatory decision making regarding continued access to convalescent plasma, both the FDA and the Mayo Clinic performed retrospective, indirect evaluations of efficacy by using EAP data, hypothesizing that patients who received plasma units with higher titers of neutralizing antibodies would have better clinical outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339509-4ezt6o0o author = Fox, Sharon E. title = Cardiac Endotheliitis and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome After COVID-19 date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 952 sentences = 58 flesch = 46 summary = In addition, a multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) similar to Kawasaki disease has been increasingly reported in association with COVID-19 in children and young adults (3) (4) (5) . Objective: To provide what we believe to be the first report on the pathologic findings of vasculitis of the small vessels of the heart, which likely represents MIS, leading to death in a young adult after presumed resolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Gross abnormalities noted at autopsy (4 hours after death) were conjunctival injection, enlarged cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes, and vascular thrombi with focal surrounding hemorrhage in the left lower lung, which probably contributed to illness but were not likely the primary cause of death. The clinical picture in this adult patient of sudden lymphadenopathy and parotitis combined with small-vessel cardiac vasculitis after COVID-19 is strongly suggestive of a similar systemic inflammatory process. Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans cache = ./cache/cord-339509-4ezt6o0o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339509-4ezt6o0o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287191-e8073l9p author = Klompas, Michael title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Protecting Hospitals From the Invisible date = 2020-03-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1330 sentences = 74 flesch = 48 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is optimized to spread widely: Its signs and symptoms are largely indistinguishable from those of other respiratory viruses. The signs and symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are largely indistinguishable from those of other respiratory virus infections. Case detection is still primarily focused on identifying patients with fever, cough, or shortness of breath; this focus leads to underestimation of the number of infected persons, overestimation of the mortality rate, and ongoing spread of disease. To cause a nosocomial outbreak, it will take just 1 patient with occult COVID-19 who is hospitalized, tests negative for influenza virus, and is taken off precautions despite persistent respiratory symptoms. But if we are frank about the morbidity and mortality of all respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, this is the best thing we can do for our patients and colleagues regardless of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-287191-e8073l9p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287191-e8073l9p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307717-vf85qt8j author = Dewey, Charlene title = Supporting Clinicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-03-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1037 sentences = 60 flesch = 45 summary = The COVID-19 pandemic has upended clinicians' sense of order and control, creating the potential for stress in the short term and burnout over the long term. Leaders must communicate current best practices clearly and compassionately, manage expectations, clarify work hours, and provide sufficient resources and effective personal protective equipment. Leaders should aim for work schedules that promote physical resilience by enabling adequate sleep and providing access to call rooms for hospital-based clinicians working long or multiple shifts. Health care organizations can provide information on managing stress, reducing burnout, and identifying mental health professionals available to support clinicians (3). Examples of settings for such sharing include the American College of Physicians Physician Well-Being and Discussion Forum (5), the Society of General Internal Medicine GIMConnect (6) , and the American Medical Association Physician Health (7) resources that members can access. Emphasizing clinician wellness during the COVID-19 pandemic (8) is necessary to enable them to provide high-quality care. cache = ./cache/cord-307717-vf85qt8j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307717-vf85qt8j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338757-fsid4a39 author = Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten title = This Time Must Be Different: Disparities During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1443 sentences = 71 flesch = 44 summary = The authors found that increased likelihood of exposure to the virus, increased susceptibility to severe consequences of the infection, and lack of health care access were all important contributors, and they concluded with pointed, domainspecific recommendations to mitigate these disparities. African Americans and Latinos are overrepresented among cases of and deaths from COVID-19, both nationally and in many of the areas hardest hit by the pandemic (2, 3) . We need robust data to guide these efforts, but better information must be coupled with urgent and effective action to decrease exposure, susceptibility, and limitations in health care to achieve the desired results. Achieving the desired population benefit of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine will require an implementation strategy that addresses the current gaps in overall rates of adult vaccination, as well as specific issues in minority communities. Racial disparities in exposure, susceptibility, and access to health care in the US H1N1 influenza pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-338757-fsid4a39.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338757-fsid4a39.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337482-imxkpfrn author = Koplan, Jeffrey title = Maxims for a Pandemic: Time, Distance, and Data date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1220 sentences = 75 flesch = 51 summary = In their article, Alagoz and colleagues explored the effect of COVID-19–related public health mandates in 3 U.S. locations. The editorialists discuss lessons from this analysis and the role of modeling to inform decision making related to the COVID-19 pandemic and future public health crises. I n their article, Alagoz and colleagues explored the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related public health mandates in 3 U.S. locations-Dane County, Wisconsin; the Milwaukee metropolitan area; and New York City-using agent-based simulation models (1) . They modeled variations in adherence to social distancing mandates, time of intervention, and population density. Alagoz and colleagues' study provides an opportunity to pause and assess how modeling can and should inform COVID-19 decision making. With mass vaccination months, if not years, away and few effective therapies, the timely use of nonpharmaceutical public health interventions will reduce morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Effect of timing of and adherence to social distancing measures on COVID-19 burden in the United States. cache = ./cache/cord-337482-imxkpfrn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337482-imxkpfrn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301852-9nza3po0 author = Sears, David title = Occupational Health: A Key to the Control of COVID-19 in Correctional Facilities date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1255 sentences = 59 flesch = 38 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 has swept through prisons in much the same way it has nursing homes: after being introduced by staff or newly arrived residents, it spreads efficiently, including to many with medical vulnerabilities. The authors believe that ensuring community-standard occupational health for correctional staff during COVID-19 will protect prison residents, staff, and their communities. As COVID-19 transmission continues unabated in these settings, protecting the health and safety of correctional workers is a moral imperative and an underappreciated requirement to mitigate the pandemic's effect on incarcerated persons and surrounding communities. Although occupational health interventions should focus primarily on correctional officers given their numbers and close, sustained contact with incarcerated persons, interventions should be adapted to reduce risk for infection for all staff. To protect correctional staff and ensure that community standards of care are afforded to incarcerated populations during the COVID-19 pandemic, prisons must: Ensuring community-standard occupational health for correctional staff during COVID-19 will protect us all. cache = ./cache/cord-301852-9nza3po0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301852-9nza3po0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294369-e3jyihvm author = del Amo, Julia title = Incidence and Severity of COVID-19 in HIV-Positive Persons Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cohort Study date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3321 sentences = 190 flesch = 47 summary = BACKGROUND: The incidence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among HIV-positive persons receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have not been characterized in large populations. CONCLUSION: HIV-positive patients receiving TDF/FTC have a lower risk for COVID-19 and related hospitalization than those receiving other therapies. The risks for PCR-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization, ICU admission, and death among HIVpositive persons receiving ART in Spain were greater in men and those older than 70 years. The lower risk for COVID-19 diagnosis among persons receiving TDF/FTC might be the result of less intensive testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection in this group compared with those receiving other ART regimens. Molecular docking (18 -23) and other in vitro studies (24) suggest that NRTIs, such as TDF, TAF, ABC, and 3TC, might be effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibiting RNAdRNAp. This also might explain the 32% lower risk for COVID-19 diagnosis in persons receiving ABC/3TC compared with those receiving TAF/FTC. cache = ./cache/cord-294369-e3jyihvm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294369-e3jyihvm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300474-r5gms09p author = Mackey, Katherine title = Update Alert 2: Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 595 sentences = 41 flesch = 48 summary = title: Update Alert 2: Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults Results of 3 new meta-analysis (2-4) evaluating the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) use with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness severity are consistent with the findings that we reported in the original manuscript. Overall, inclusion of these 3 new meta-analyses and 5 new observational studies does not change the certainty of evidence rating we reported in the original manuscript for key question 2-high-certainty evidence that ACEI or ARB use is not associated with more severe COVID-19 disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers and ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors on virus infection, inflammatory status, and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and hypertension: a single-center retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-300474-r5gms09p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300474-r5gms09p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284694-bk6bnox0 author = Wang, Changsong title = Cytokine Levels in the Body Fluids of a Patient With COVID-19 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Report date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 559 sentences = 28 flesch = 46 summary = title: Cytokine Levels in the Body Fluids of a Patient With COVID-19 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Report In addition, the time from symptom onset to confirmation of COVID-19 diagnosis was relatively long, the patient's hospital course was longer, and we wonder whether this long duration of viral replication contributed to the high cytokine levels we measured. As a result, we wonder whether tocilizumab would have affected the IL-6 levels we observed and whether it might have improved this patient's disease course, especially because others have reported that as COVID-19 progresses to its middle and late stages, the expression of inflammatory cytokines is related to the severity of the disease (4). On the basis of our experience, we encourage additional research to determine whether inflammatory cytokines in the lungs predict the clinical course of COVID-19 and whether these cytokines should be a target for intervention and treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-284694-bk6bnox0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284694-bk6bnox0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309207-n8u8ddv7 author = Lechien, Jerome R. title = Loss of Smell and Taste in 2013 European Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19 date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 900 sentences = 53 flesch = 54 summary = title: Loss of Smell and Taste in 2013 European Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Using a standardized online questionnaire, we collected clinical and epidemiologic data from hospitalized patients on discharge day and from ambulatory patients after the resolution of key symptoms (such as cough, fever, dyspnea, headache, myalgia, and arthralgia) (Figure) . Objective evaluations for olfactory dysfunction were performed in a subset of patients who reported total loss of smell at 1 of the study sites (EpiCURA Hospital, Hainaut, Belgium) at the time of the questionnaire. A total of 1754 patients (87%) reported loss of smell, whereas 1136 (56%) reported taste dysfunction. Mean time from the end of the disease to the evaluation was 7.8 days (SD, 6.8); mean duration of general symptoms (excluding loss of smell and taste) was 11.5 days (SD, 6.0). Most patients had loss of smell after other general and otolaryngologic symptoms (Table) . cache = ./cache/cord-309207-n8u8ddv7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309207-n8u8ddv7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275601-9y5zj9an author = Boutron, Isabelle title = The COVID-NMA Project: Building an Evidence Ecosystem for the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1366 sentences = 84 flesch = 49 summary = These authors propose an "evidence ecosystem" for COVID-19–related studies that minimizes multiple low-quality reviews and helps connect evidence generation, synthesis, and decision making. These issues have been highlighted and exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, where stakeholders urgently need relevant, accessible, up-to-date, and trustworthy syntheses of high-quality evidence to inform their decisions. Every week, we screen the COVID-19 database produced by the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform to identify eligible RCTs. The living mapping produced provides a description of all registered RCTs. The data retrieved and extracted can be explored through interactive data visualizations to identify research gaps and help prioritize and improve future trials. Collectively, COVID-NMA data are used to conduct systematic reviews on specific questions, meta-analyses of individual participant data (IPD), and network meta-analyses and to support the guideline development process and health decision making. cache = ./cache/cord-275601-9y5zj9an.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275601-9y5zj9an.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273192-r1wt1oyg author = Blackburn, Justin title = Infection Fatality Ratios for COVID-19 Among Noninstitutionalized Persons 12 and Older: Results of a Random-Sample Prevalence Study date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 928 sentences = 59 flesch = 50 summary = title: Infection Fatality Ratios for COVID-19 Among Noninstitutionalized Persons 12 and Older: Results of a Random-Sample Prevalence Study Objective: To estimate IFRs among noninstitutionalized (that is, community-dwelling) populations by age, race, ethnicity, and sex by using the first U.S. statewide random-sample study of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prevalence. Methods and Findings: We combined prevalence estimates from a statewide random sample with Indiana vital statistics data of confirmed COVID-19 deaths (4). We accounted for nonresponse by weighting prevalence estimates for age, race (dichotomized as White or non-White), and Hispanic ethnicity to reflect state demographics. We calculated the IFR by age, race, sex, and ethnicity on the basis of the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 deaths as of 29 April 2020, divided by the number of infections. Discussion: By using SARS-CoV-2 population prevalence data, we found that the risk for death among infected persons increased with age. cache = ./cache/cord-273192-r1wt1oyg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273192-r1wt1oyg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309633-1cd74xdl author = Rogers, Julia H. title = Characteristics of COVID-19 in Homeless Shelters: A Community-Based Surveillance Study date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4018 sentences = 241 flesch = 53 summary = MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome measure was test positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection at shelters, determined by dividing the number of positive cases by the total number of participant encounters, regardless of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Active surveillance and surge testing were used to detect multiple cases of asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in homeless shelters. Surge testing was initiated on 30 March 2020 (and continued through 24 April) in collaboration with Public Health-Seattle & King County's Communicable Disease Epidemiology Team to conduct contact tracing at 6 shelters where cases of SARS-CoV-2 were previously detected ( Figure 2 ). We calculated the test positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection at shelters by dividing the number of positive cases by the total number of participant encounters in the study period. Overall, 2% of participant encounters involved positive SARS-CoV-2 results, with most cases detected through surge testing events. cache = ./cache/cord-309633-1cd74xdl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309633-1cd74xdl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325643-nszsf0nu author = Tan, Benjamin Y.Q. title = Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Workers in Singapore date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 770 sentences = 57 flesch = 52 summary = The prevalence of anxiety was higher among nonmedical health care workers than medical personnel (20.7% versus 10.8%; adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.15 to 2.99]; P = 0.011), after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, survey completion date, and presence of comorbid conditions. Similarly, higher mean DASS-21 anxiety and stress subscale scores and higher IES-R total and subscale scores were observed in nonmedical health care workers ( Table 2) . Discussion: Overall mean DASS-21 and IES-R scores among health care workers were lower than those in the published literature from previous disease outbreaks, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). In conclusion, our study highlights that nonmedical health care personnel are at highest risk for psychological distress during the COVID-19 outbreak. Psychological impact of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak on health care workers in a medium size regional general hospital in Singapore cache = ./cache/cord-325643-nszsf0nu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325643-nszsf0nu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309650-6xz9gjq0 author = Chou, Roger title = Update Alert 4: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1472 sentences = 95 flesch = 45 summary = Specific risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission among health care workers in a university hospital Pandemic peak SARS-CoV-2 infection and seroconversion rates in London frontline health-care workers Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care workers in a tertiary community hospital Asymptomatic infection by SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers: a study in a large teaching hospital in Wuhan, China Dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positivity and seroprevalence among high-risk health care workers and hospital staff Risk factors of healthcare workers with Corona Virus Disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study in a designated hospital of Wuhan in China Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease outbreak: a cross-sectional study Analysis of the infection status of the health care workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in a hospital in cache = ./cache/cord-309650-6xz9gjq0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309650-6xz9gjq0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355805-ajlf5je4 author = Qaseem, Amir title = Should Clinicians Use Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin for the Prophylaxis or Treatment of COVID-19? Living Practice Points From the American College of Physicians (Version 1) date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2014 sentences = 123 flesch = 49 summary = The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of hydroxychloroquine alone compared with standard treatment on the progression or exacerbation of pulmonary lesions on CT scan in 2 RCTs (33.3% vs. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of hydroxychloroquine alone compared with standard treatment in 2 RCTs; median, 1 day vs. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of hydroxychloroquine alone compared with standard treatment in 2 cohort studies; 12.9% vs. No evidence of clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection with oxygen requirement: results of a study using routinely collected data to emulate a target trial The Scientific Medical Policy Committee (SMPC), in collaboration with staff from ACP's Department of Clinical Policy, developed these Practice Points based on a rapid systematic evidence review conducted by the University of Connecticut Health Outcomes, Policy, and Evidence Synthesis Group. cache = ./cache/cord-355805-ajlf5je4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355805-ajlf5je4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294628-ecg13s7a author = Chia, Ming Li title = Managing COVID-19 in a Novel, Rapidly Deployable Community Isolation Quarantine Facility date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3676 sentences = 206 flesch = 52 summary = During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Singapore implemented large-scale institutional isolation units called Community Care Facilities (CCFs) to combat the outbreak in the community by housing low-risk COVID-19 patients from April to August 2020. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Singapore implemented large-scale institutional isolation units called Community Care Facilities (CCFs) to combat the outbreak in the community by housing low-risk COVID-19 patients from April to August 2020. In the first month, a total of 3758 patients were admitted to 4 halls, 4929 in-house medical consults occurred, 136 patients were transferred to a hospital, 1 patient died 2 weeks after discharge, and no health care workers became infected. As such, isolation centers called Community Care Facilities (CCFs) were set up throughout the country to house patients with COVID-19 who were at low risk for dying of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-294628-ecg13s7a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294628-ecg13s7a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303420-3jlqx83u author = Kiser, Stephanie B. title = When the Dust Settles: Preventing a Mental Health Crisis in COVID-19 Clinicians date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1194 sentences = 77 flesch = 64 summary = Unfortunately, we've also seen that the experience in caring for patients with the virus may have profound effects on clinicians' mental health (2) . We have learned the value of finding meaning in times of intense grief and sorrow-a new skill for many clinicians outside palliative care. With that in mind, we share a foundational set of principles to use as guidance for building internal support for the trauma caused by the pandem-ic: looking past the illness, fostering community, promoting vulnerability, and establishing boundaries and limitations. In palliative care, these challenges bring us together and we make time to talk about them in groups; 1 example is weekly Bereavement Rounds to share grief about the death of our patients. If we take timely and targeted action, we will provide the support our fellow clinicians desperately need. cache = ./cache/cord-303420-3jlqx83u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303420-3jlqx83u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290070-534936lf author = Bornstein, Sue S. title = The Collision of COVID-19 and the U.S. Health System date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1333 sentences = 74 flesch = 54 summary = In this article, leaders from the American College of Physicians (ACP) discuss key recommendations from ACP's vision for U.S. health care that can advise how we can act now during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the future in service to patients, our peers, and the profession. As leaders in the American College of Physicians (ACP), we have helped develop ACP's wide-ranging policies on health care in the United States. The American College of Physicians envisions a health care system where everyone has coverage for and access to the care they need, at a cost they and the country can afford. The The American College of Physicians supports greater investment in primary care and preventive health services, including support for the unique role played by internal medicine specialists in providing high-value primary, preventive, and comprehensive care of adult patients. Envisioning a better U.S. health care system for all: a call to action by the American College of Physicians cache = ./cache/cord-290070-534936lf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290070-534936lf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309513-dleo9rpl author = Zhang, Huilan title = Histopathologic Changes and SARS–CoV-2 Immunostaining in the Lung of a Patient With COVID-19 date = 2020-03-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 609 sentences = 44 flesch = 51 summary = Biopsy lung sections were analyzed with hematoxylineosin staining, and immunostaining for SARS-CoV-2 was conducted as reported elsewhere (1) . In contrast, viral protein expression was minimally detectable on blood vessels ( Figure 2 , B, dashed black line) or in the interstitial areas between alveoli (Figure 2, B, bottom panel, blue arrows) . Immu-nostaining of Huh7 cells infected with SARS-CoV and of lung sections from an HIV-positive patient who died of fungal infection served as positive and negative staining controls, respectively (Figure 2, C) . A. Histopathologic examination revealing diffuse alveolar damage, organizing phase (A-1); denudation of alveolar lining cells (arrow 1), with presence of reactive type II pneumocyte hyperplasia (arrow 2) (A-2); intra-alveolar fibrinous exudates (arrow 3) and interstitial loose fibrosis with chronic inflammatory infiltrates (arrow 4) (A-3); and intra-alveolar loose fibrous plugs (arrow 5) (A-4). B. Immunostaining of SARS-CoV-2 in lung sections. cache = ./cache/cord-309513-dleo9rpl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309513-dleo9rpl.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313423-g50oh15t author = Lynch, Holly Fernandez title = Emergency Approvals for COVID-19: Evolving Impact on Obligations to Patients in Clinical Care and Research date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1145 sentences = 65 flesch = 46 summary = There currently is debate regarding whether U.S. institutions and clinicians may or should restrict patient access to COVID-19 drugs and vaccines that have been granted emergency use authorization by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Traditional FDA approval typically supports clinical adoption of new standards of care because approval reflects a determination that a product's benefits outweigh its risks on the basis of a demonstration of safety and substantial evidence of effectiveness, a higher threshold than that required for an EUA. Despite concerns about whether that approval was warranted, given the data existing when the EUA was granted and consensus guidelines recommending remdesivir's use, failing to offer the drug (when available) might have been viewed as improperly withholding an intervention from which severely ill patients could expect to benefit. In contrast, if an EUA is based on weak evidence, such as observational data or uncontrolled trials-as in the case of convalescent plasma-institutions and clinicians can reasonably decline to offer the product without wronging eligible patients (8) . cache = ./cache/cord-313423-g50oh15t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313423-g50oh15t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280672-6x968dwk author = Fisman, David N. title = Age Is Just a Number: A Critically Important Number for COVID-19 Case Fatality date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1326 sentences = 73 flesch = 45 summary = In their article, Sudharsanan and colleagues show the importance of adjusting for the age distribution of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 before doing cross-country comparisons of case-fatality rates. Failure to recognize younger, milder cases diminishes the denominator in case-fatality ratio (CFR) calculations (that is, deaths/cases), so between-country differences in age structure explain some fraction of observed between-country variation in epidemic severity and case-fatality. In their analysis, the authors show that adjusting for differences in population age structure substantially reduces the observed differences between country-specific CFRs. To further explore the effect of age distribution on CFR, we can take the standardization approach used by Sudharsanan and colleagues and turn it on its head. When the reported CFR for February 2020 in mainland China (2.3%) is age-standardized using population pyramids from other countries (7), standardization to a country with a younger population structure, such as Indonesia, markedly reduces observed CFR (1.7%), whereas adjustment to a country with an older population, such as Italy, increases the CFR (3.9%). cache = ./cache/cord-280672-6x968dwk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280672-6x968dwk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318876-m1v0ij84 author = Spagnolo, Primavera A. title = Sex and Gender Differences in Health: What the COVID-19 Pandemic Can Teach Us date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1245 sentences = 56 flesch = 39 summary = The authors of this commentary call for sexand gender-specific and differentiating factors to be urgently included in the research, prevention, and therapeutics implementation response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We call for sex-and gender-specific and differentiating factors to be urgently included in the research, prevention, and therapeutics implementation response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Or we can investigate a priori the specific role of these factors and potentially leverage the mechanisms implicated in sex and gender differences in COVID-19 risk, progression, and outcomes, to identify effective prevention and treatment interventions for the entire population. Investigating sex hormone-influenced mechanisms and, more broadly, conducting sex-and genderinformed research may optimize the development of novel therapeutics and shed light on drug efficacy, safety profiles, and adherence to treatments currently tested for COVID-19, given that sex differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics influence therapeutic effects and risk profiles of numerous medications, and that gender-related factors affect adherence to treatment, access to health care, and health-seeking behaviors (3) . cache = ./cache/cord-318876-m1v0ij84.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318876-m1v0ij84.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323054-m8hkj1dm author = Schwartz, Rachel title = Addressing Postpandemic Clinician Mental Health: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4844 sentences = 214 flesch = 36 summary = In a narrative review of 96 articles addressing clinician mental health in COVID-19 and prior pandemics, 7 themes emerged: 1) the need for resilience and stress reduction training; 2) providing for clinicians' basic needs (food, drink, adequate rest, quarantine-appropriate housing, transportation, child care, personal protective equipment); 3) the importance of specialized training for pandemic-induced changes in job roles; 4) recognition and clear communication from leadership; 5) acknowledgment of and strategies for addressing moral injury; 6) the need for peer and social support interventions; and 7) normalization and provision of mental health support programs. Seven themes, and associated interventions, emerged from the literature (Figure) : 1) the need for resilience and stress reduction training; 2) providing for clinicians' basic needs (food, drink, adequate rest, quarantine-appropriate housing, transportation, child care, PPE); 3) the importance of specialized training for pandemic-induced changes in job roles; 4) recognition and clear communication from leadership; 5) acknowledgment of and strategies for addressing moral injury; 6) the need for peer and social support interventions and; 7) normalization and provision of mental health support programs. cache = ./cache/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt ===== Reducing email addresses cord-270970-9gtnsyts Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords parallel: Warning: Only enough available processes to run 5 jobs in parallel. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf parallel: Warning: or /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max may help. cord-267124-8efdzlc0 cord-263549-hmdyb7hi cord-275946-ofd2ipvs cord-335003-7ae0galy cord-253196-et1ekgdl cord-313345-zwe3tmq0 cord-270970-9gtnsyts cord-330916-s99ayg1j cord-301183-k39e12cq cord-298632-xu1sgguh cord-289763-jek2pd31 cord-276428-oy8e2cpx parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 4. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. cord-312125-j9l6l3dx cord-339509-4ezt6o0o cord-287191-e8073l9p cord-307717-vf85qt8j cord-338757-fsid4a39 cord-337482-imxkpfrn cord-301852-9nza3po0 cord-303420-3jlqx83u cord-294369-e3jyihvm cord-300474-r5gms09p cord-309633-1cd74xdl cord-273192-r1wt1oyg cord-275601-9y5zj9an cord-284694-bk6bnox0 parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 3. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. cord-309207-n8u8ddv7 cord-325643-nszsf0nu cord-309650-6xz9gjq0 cord-294628-ecg13s7a cord-355805-ajlf5je4 cord-339459-z22a5yzo cord-318876-m1v0ij84 cord-313423-g50oh15t cord-290070-534936lf cord-280672-6x968dwk cord-309513-dleo9rpl cord-323054-m8hkj1dm Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-275601-9y5zj9an cord-309633-1cd74xdl cord-355805-ajlf5je4 Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-263549-hmdyb7hi cord-267124-8efdzlc0 cord-275946-ofd2ipvs cord-313345-zwe3tmq0 cord-335003-7ae0galy cord-270970-9gtnsyts cord-253196-et1ekgdl cord-330916-s99ayg1j cord-301183-k39e12cq cord-298632-xu1sgguh cord-289763-jek2pd31 cord-276428-oy8e2cpx cord-312125-j9l6l3dx cord-307717-vf85qt8j cord-339509-4ezt6o0o cord-287191-e8073l9p cord-338757-fsid4a39 cord-294369-e3jyihvm cord-301852-9nza3po0 cord-337482-imxkpfrn cord-300474-r5gms09p cord-303420-3jlqx83u cord-309633-1cd74xdl cord-275601-9y5zj9an cord-309207-n8u8ddv7 cord-284694-bk6bnox0 cord-309650-6xz9gjq0 cord-294628-ecg13s7a cord-325643-nszsf0nu cord-273192-r1wt1oyg cord-290070-534936lf cord-339459-z22a5yzo cord-355805-ajlf5je4 cord-313423-g50oh15t cord-309513-dleo9rpl cord-323054-m8hkj1dm cord-280672-6x968dwk cord-318876-m1v0ij84 Creating transaction Updating ent table ===== Reducing parts of speech cord-263549-hmdyb7hi cord-267124-8efdzlc0 cord-335003-7ae0galy cord-313345-zwe3tmq0 cord-301183-k39e12cq cord-275946-ofd2ipvs cord-270970-9gtnsyts cord-253196-et1ekgdl cord-330916-s99ayg1j cord-298632-xu1sgguh cord-289763-jek2pd31 cord-339509-4ezt6o0o cord-338757-fsid4a39 cord-312125-j9l6l3dx cord-307717-vf85qt8j cord-276428-oy8e2cpx cord-287191-e8073l9p cord-301852-9nza3po0 cord-337482-imxkpfrn cord-294369-e3jyihvm cord-303420-3jlqx83u cord-300474-r5gms09p cord-273192-r1wt1oyg cord-275601-9y5zj9an cord-284694-bk6bnox0 cord-309650-6xz9gjq0 cord-309633-1cd74xdl cord-325643-nszsf0nu cord-309207-n8u8ddv7 cord-355805-ajlf5je4 cord-290070-534936lf cord-309513-dleo9rpl cord-313423-g50oh15t cord-339459-z22a5yzo cord-318876-m1v0ij84 cord-280672-6x968dwk cord-323054-m8hkj1dm cord-294628-ecg13s7a Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-309650-6xz9gjq0 cord-323054-m8hkj1dm cord-276428-oy8e2cpx cord-323054-m8hkj1dm cord-309650-6xz9gjq0 cord-276428-oy8e2cpx number of items: 38 sum of words: 70,056 average size in words: 1,893 average readability score: 48 nouns: health; patients; care; study; pandemic; disease; coronavirus; workers; infection; risk; evidence; data; studies; influenza; cases; vaccine; staff; results; clinicians; participants; use; outbreak; time; treatment; hospital; persons; population; symptoms; case; support; patient; age; virus; testing; conditions; outcomes; community; system; authors; response; illness; angiotensin; syndrome; plasma; review; findings; factors; effect; colleagues; characteristics verbs: including; using; provide; done; reported; based; associated; showed; need; increased; identified; found; make; access; related; compare; address; reduce; hospitalized; living; develop; covid-19; vaccinated; treating; taking; received; prevent; know; detected; dying; testing; suggests; get; ensure; assess; demonstrated; existing; remaining; improves; help; collected; infect; controlled; seen; required; examined; support; published; converting; working adjectives: covid-19; clinical; severe; respiratory; medical; high; public; available; acute; mental; many; viral; positive; new; higher; black; low; social; specific; psychological; key; critical; current; asymptomatic; lower; likely; older; important; primary; potential; first; convalescent; different; systematic; several; personal; randomized; racial; standard; patient; early; common; chronic; effective; white; similar; observational; novel; national; routine adverbs: also; well; however; even; rather; less; now; yet; online; often; especially; previously; currently; approximately; rapidly; alone; first; still; substantially; overall; just; worldwide; respectively; early; therefore; regardless; particularly; nearly; finally; better; already; significantly; second; probably; highly; furthermore; widely; recently; proactively; later; independently; far; together; daily; carefully; typically; somewhat; nationally; minimally; longer pronouns: we; their; our; they; it; them; its; i; us; themselves; you; her; he; she; his; ourselves; one; my; your; me; itself; himself proper nouns: COVID-19; SARS; CoV-2; Health; United; U.S.; States; China; Ann; Americans; Med; Intern; ACEI; DOI; Medicine; ARB; sha; National; April; Table; American; March; Wuhan; EUA; Singapore; PCR; Dr.; Coronavirus; College; Treatment; •; ACE2; Medical; 8); University; RCT; New; RNA; Preprint; IFR; Physicians; Internal; Hospital; HCQ; Disease; Care; Annals.org; ACP; MERS; CoV-1 keywords: covid-19; sars; patient; health; evidence; cov-2; clinician; care; vaccine; treatment; table; student; singapore; shelter; rna; rct; participant; pandemic; level; ifr; ies; hcq; evs; eua; domingo; community; college; cfr; arb; antibody; americans; alagoz; acp one topic; one dimension: covid file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32374815/ titles(s): Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study three topics; one dimension: covid; health; covid file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32822206/, https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-2223, https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-3799 titles(s): Addressing Postpandemic Clinician Mental Health: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework | Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward | Characteristics of COVID-19 in Homeless Shelters: A Community-Based Surveillance Study five topics; three dimensions: health covid pandemic; covid patients health; covid patients sars; covid health study; health covid care file(s): https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-2223, https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-4746, https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-1515, https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-1239, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32822206/ titles(s): Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward | Managing COVID-19 in a Novel, Rapidly Deployable Community Isolation Quarantine Facility | Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults: A Living Systematic Review | Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related to COVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Survey | Addressing Postpandemic Clinician Mental Health: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework Type: cord title: journal-annInternMed-cord date: 2021-05-30 time: 15:05 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: facet_journal:"Ann Intern Med" ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-338757-fsid4a39 author: Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten title: This Time Must Be Different: Disparities During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-28 words: 1443.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338757-fsid4a39.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338757-fsid4a39.txt summary: The authors found that increased likelihood of exposure to the virus, increased susceptibility to severe consequences of the infection, and lack of health care access were all important contributors, and they concluded with pointed, domainspecific recommendations to mitigate these disparities. African Americans and Latinos are overrepresented among cases of and deaths from COVID-19, both nationally and in many of the areas hardest hit by the pandemic (2, 3) . We need robust data to guide these efforts, but better information must be coupled with urgent and effective action to decrease exposure, susceptibility, and limitations in health care to achieve the desired results. Achieving the desired population benefit of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine will require an implementation strategy that addresses the current gaps in overall rates of adult vaccination, as well as specific issues in minority communities. Racial disparities in exposure, susceptibility, and access to health care in the US H1N1 influenza pandemic abstract: African Americans and Latinos are overrepresented among cases of and deaths from COVID-19 nationally and in many of the U.S. regions hardest hit by the pandemic. The editorialist discusses lessons that we should have learned from prior experiences and strategies to reduce observed disparities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32343767/ doi: 10.7326/m20-2247 id: cord-273192-r1wt1oyg author: Blackburn, Justin title: Infection Fatality Ratios for COVID-19 Among Noninstitutionalized Persons 12 and Older: Results of a Random-Sample Prevalence Study date: 2020-09-02 words: 928.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273192-r1wt1oyg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273192-r1wt1oyg.txt summary: title: Infection Fatality Ratios for COVID-19 Among Noninstitutionalized Persons 12 and Older: Results of a Random-Sample Prevalence Study Objective: To estimate IFRs among noninstitutionalized (that is, community-dwelling) populations by age, race, ethnicity, and sex by using the first U.S. statewide random-sample study of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prevalence. Methods and Findings: We combined prevalence estimates from a statewide random sample with Indiana vital statistics data of confirmed COVID-19 deaths (4). We accounted for nonresponse by weighting prevalence estimates for age, race (dichotomized as White or non-White), and Hispanic ethnicity to reflect state demographics. We calculated the IFR by age, race, sex, and ethnicity on the basis of the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 deaths as of 29 April 2020, divided by the number of infections. Discussion: By using SARS-CoV-2 population prevalence data, we found that the risk for death among infected persons increased with age. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32877214/ doi: 10.7326/m20-5352 id: cord-290070-534936lf author: Bornstein, Sue S. title: The Collision of COVID-19 and the U.S. Health System date: 2020-06-02 words: 1333.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290070-534936lf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290070-534936lf.txt summary: In this article, leaders from the American College of Physicians (ACP) discuss key recommendations from ACP''s vision for U.S. health care that can advise how we can act now during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the future in service to patients, our peers, and the profession. As leaders in the American College of Physicians (ACP), we have helped develop ACP''s wide-ranging policies on health care in the United States. The American College of Physicians envisions a health care system where everyone has coverage for and access to the care they need, at a cost they and the country can afford. The The American College of Physicians supports greater investment in primary care and preventive health services, including support for the unique role played by internal medicine specialists in providing high-value primary, preventive, and comprehensive care of adult patients. Envisioning a better U.S. health care system for all: a call to action by the American College of Physicians abstract: In this article, leaders from the American College of Physicians (ACP) discuss key recommendations from ACP's vision for U.S. health care that can advise how we can act now during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the future in service to patients, our peers, and the profession. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-1851 doi: 10.7326/m20-1851 id: cord-275601-9y5zj9an author: Boutron, Isabelle title: The COVID-NMA Project: Building an Evidence Ecosystem for the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-15 words: 1366.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275601-9y5zj9an.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275601-9y5zj9an.txt summary: These authors propose an "evidence ecosystem" for COVID-19–related studies that minimizes multiple low-quality reviews and helps connect evidence generation, synthesis, and decision making. These issues have been highlighted and exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, where stakeholders urgently need relevant, accessible, up-to-date, and trustworthy syntheses of high-quality evidence to inform their decisions. Every week, we screen the COVID-19 database produced by the World Health Organization''s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform to identify eligible RCTs. The living mapping produced provides a description of all registered RCTs. The data retrieved and extracted can be explored through interactive data visualizations to identify research gaps and help prioritize and improve future trials. Collectively, COVID-NMA data are used to conduct systematic reviews on specific questions, meta-analyses of individual participant data (IPD), and network meta-analyses and to support the guideline development process and health decision making. abstract: These authors propose an “evidence ecosystem” for COVID-19–related studies that minimizes multiple low-quality reviews and helps connect evidence generation, synthesis, and decision making. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-5261 doi: 10.7326/m20-5261 id: cord-275946-ofd2ipvs author: Cheng, Matthew P. title: Serodiagnostics for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Related Coronavirus-2: A Narrative Review date: 2020-06-04 words: 5277.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275946-ofd2ipvs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275946-ofd2ipvs.txt summary: Accurate serologic tests to detect host antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) will be critical for the public health response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This article discusses key use cases for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection tests and their application to serologic studies, reviews currently available assays, highlights key areas of ongoing research, and proposes potential strategies for test implementation. Appropriately designed seroepidemiologic studies will play an essential part in the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic by characterizing transmission dynamics, refining disease burden estimates, and providing insight into the kinetics of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Serologic surveillance studies can also assess the accumulation of persons with antibody responses over time to estimate incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (57, 58) and can track age-and jurisdiction-specific disease susceptibility and identify at-risk populations (59) . abstract: Accurate serologic tests to detect host antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) will be critical for the public health response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Many use cases are envisaged, including complementing molecular methods for diagnosis of active disease and estimating immunity for individuals. At the population level, carefully designed seroepidemiologic studies will aid in the characterization of transmission dynamics and refinement of disease burden estimates and will provide insight into the kinetics of humoral immunity. Yet, despite an explosion in the number and availability of serologic assays to test for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, most have undergone minimal external validation to date. This hinders assay selection and implementation, as well as interpretation of study results. In addition, critical knowledge gaps remain regarding serologic correlates of protection from infection or disease, and the degree to which these assays cross-react with antibodies against related coronaviruses. This article discusses key use cases for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection tests and their application to serologic studies, reviews currently available assays, highlights key areas of ongoing research, and proposes potential strategies for test implementation. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-2854 doi: 10.7326/m20-2854 id: cord-294628-ecg13s7a author: Chia, Ming Li title: Managing COVID-19 in a Novel, Rapidly Deployable Community Isolation Quarantine Facility date: 2020-09-17 words: 3676.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294628-ecg13s7a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294628-ecg13s7a.txt summary: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Singapore implemented large-scale institutional isolation units called Community Care Facilities (CCFs) to combat the outbreak in the community by housing low-risk COVID-19 patients from April to August 2020. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Singapore implemented large-scale institutional isolation units called Community Care Facilities (CCFs) to combat the outbreak in the community by housing low-risk COVID-19 patients from April to August 2020. In the first month, a total of 3758 patients were admitted to 4 halls, 4929 in-house medical consults occurred, 136 patients were transferred to a hospital, 1 patient died 2 weeks after discharge, and no health care workers became infected. As such, isolation centers called Community Care Facilities (CCFs) were set up throughout the country to house patients with COVID-19 who were at low risk for dying of the disease. abstract: Singapore is one of the most densely populated small island–states in the world. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Singapore implemented large-scale institutional isolation units called Community Care Facilities (CCFs) to combat the outbreak in the community by housing low-risk COVID-19 patients from April to August 2020. The CCFs were created rapidly by converting existing public spaces and used a protocolized system, augmented by telemedicine to enable a low health care worker–patient ratio (98 health care workers for 3200 beds), to operate these unique facilities. In the first month, a total of 3758 patients were admitted to 4 halls, 4929 in-house medical consults occurred, 136 patients were transferred to a hospital, 1 patient died 2 weeks after discharge, and no health care workers became infected. This article shares the authors' experience in operating these massive-scale isolation facilities while prioritizing safety for all and ensuring holistic patient care in the face of a public health crisis and lean health care resources. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-4746 doi: 10.7326/m20-4746 id: cord-309650-6xz9gjq0 author: Chou, Roger title: Update Alert 4: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers date: 2020-09-11 words: 1472.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309650-6xz9gjq0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309650-6xz9gjq0.txt summary: Specific risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission among health care workers in a university hospital Pandemic peak SARS-CoV-2 infection and seroconversion rates in London frontline health-care workers Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care workers in a tertiary community hospital Asymptomatic infection by SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers: a study in a large teaching hospital in Wuhan, China Dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positivity and seroprevalence among high-risk health care workers and hospital staff Risk factors of healthcare workers with Corona Virus Disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study in a designated hospital of Wuhan in China Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease outbreak: a cross-sectional study Analysis of the infection status of the health care workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in a hospital in abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32915642/ doi: 10.7326/l20-1134 id: cord-313345-zwe3tmq0 author: Chou, Roger title: Update Alert: Masks for Prevention of Respiratory Virus Infections, Including SARS-CoV-2, in Health Care and Community Settings date: 2020-07-20 words: 602.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313345-zwe3tmq0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313345-zwe3tmq0.txt summary: title: Update Alert: Masks for Prevention of Respiratory Virus Infections, Including SARS-CoV-2, in Health Care and Community Settings Masks for prevention of respiratory virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in health care and community settings: a living rapid review Facemasks and hand hygiene to prevent influenza transmission in households: a cluster randomized trial Risk factors for SARS infection among hospital healthcare workers in Beijing: a case control study A case-control study on the risk factors of severe acute respiratory syndromes among health care workers Factors associated with transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome among health-care workers in Singapore Surgical mask vs N95 respirator for preventing influenza among health care workers: a randomized trial A cluster randomized clinical trial comparing fit-tested and non-fit-tested N95 respirators to medical masks to prevent respiratory virus infection in health care workers. N95 Respirators vs medical masks for preventing influenza among health care personnel: a randomized clinical trial abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32687391/ doi: 10.7326/l20-0948 id: cord-263549-hmdyb7hi author: DeWitt, Dawn E. title: Fighting COVID-19: Enabling Graduating Students to Start Internship Early at Their Own Medical School date: 2020-04-07 words: 697.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263549-hmdyb7hi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263549-hmdyb7hi.txt summary: title: Fighting COVID-19: Enabling Graduating Students to Start Internship Early at Their Own Medical School This perspective proposes one way to ensure enough doctors, nurses, and pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic: Enable graduating students to start internship early at their own medical school. Many medical schools have a "capstone" course in the final weeks before graduation that prepares students for internship, with content geared toward meeting common patient care challenges. The United States could provide loan repayment or other federal payment programs for any senior students willing (and competent, as judged by their medical school) to begin early. The average U.S. medical student graduates with approximately $200 000 of debt (7), so generous repayment programs would be welcome-and fitting-with potentially less bureaucracy than officially hiring students through health care systems short term. Graduate medical education (GME) leaders would need to discuss potentially giving participating students "credit" toward residency completion. Accessed at www .ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/covid-19-states-call-early -medical-school-grads-bolster-workforce on 5 abstract: This perspective proposes one way to ensure enough doctors, nurses, and pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic: Enable graduating students to start internship early at their own medical school. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-1262 doi: 10.7326/m20-1262 id: cord-307717-vf85qt8j author: Dewey, Charlene title: Supporting Clinicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-03-20 words: 1037.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307717-vf85qt8j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307717-vf85qt8j.txt summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has upended clinicians'' sense of order and control, creating the potential for stress in the short term and burnout over the long term. Leaders must communicate current best practices clearly and compassionately, manage expectations, clarify work hours, and provide sufficient resources and effective personal protective equipment. Leaders should aim for work schedules that promote physical resilience by enabling adequate sleep and providing access to call rooms for hospital-based clinicians working long or multiple shifts. Health care organizations can provide information on managing stress, reducing burnout, and identifying mental health professionals available to support clinicians (3). Examples of settings for such sharing include the American College of Physicians Physician Well-Being and Discussion Forum (5), the Society of General Internal Medicine GIMConnect (6) , and the American Medical Association Physician Health (7) resources that members can access. Emphasizing clinician wellness during the COVID-19 pandemic (8) is necessary to enable them to provide high-quality care. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has upended clinicians' sense of order and control, creating the potential for stress in the short term and burnout over the long term. This commentary offers suggestions to encourage a culture that will sustain the clinician workforce during the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32196544/ doi: 10.7326/m20-1033 id: cord-289763-jek2pd31 author: Fisher, Kimberly A. title: Attitudes Toward a Potential SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: A Survey of U.S. Adults date: 2020-09-04 words: 4704.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289763-jek2pd31.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289763-jek2pd31.txt summary: Data on participant characteristics were provided by NORC and included age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, household income, household size, marital status, employment status, geographic location, urban or rural location (addresses within a metropolitan statistical area were categorized as urban), receipt of influenza vaccination in the prior year, and self-rated overall health status. After adjustment for differences in participant characteristics ( Table 3) , factors that were independently associated with vaccine hesitancy (response of "no" or "not sure") include younger age (<60 years), Black race, educational attainment of less than a college degree, and not receiving an influenza vaccine in the prior year. We found several independent predictors of being hesitant to be vaccinated against COVID-19; the strongest were lower educational attainment, Black race, not having had a recent influenza vaccination, and perceived personal risk for coronavirus, consistent with the findings of a national survey conducted by RTI (20) . abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly instigated a global pandemic. Vaccine development is proceeding at an unprecedented pace. Once available, it will be important to maximize vaccine uptake and coverage. OBJECTIVE: To assess intent to be vaccinated against COVID-19 among a representative sample of adults in the United States and identify predictors of and reasons for vaccine hesitancy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey, fielded from 16 through 20 April 2020. SETTING: Representative sample of adults residing in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Approximately 1000 adults drawn from the AmeriSpeak probability-based research panel, covering approximately 97% of the U.S. household population. MEASUREMENTS: Intent to be vaccinated against COVID-19 was measured with the question, “When a vaccine for the coronavirus becomes available, will you get vaccinated?” Response options were “yes,” “no,” and “not sure.” Participants who responded “no” or “not sure” were asked to provide a reason. RESULTS: A total of 991 AmeriSpeak panel members responded. Overall, 57.6% of participants (n = 571) intended to be vaccinated, 31.6% (n = 313) were not sure, and 10.8% (n = 107) did not intend to be vaccinated. Factors independently associated with vaccine hesitancy (a response of “no” or “not sure”) included younger age, Black race, lower educational attainment, and not having received the influenza vaccine in the prior year. Reasons for vaccine hesitancy included vaccine-specific concerns, a need for more information, antivaccine attitudes or beliefs, and a lack of trust. LIMITATIONS: Participants' intent to be vaccinated was explored before a vaccine was available and when the pandemic was affecting a narrower swath of the United States. Questions about specific information or factors that might increase vaccination acceptance were not included. The survey response rate was 16.1%. CONCLUSION: This national survey, conducted during the coronavirus pandemic, revealed that approximately 3 in 10 adults were not sure they would accept vaccination and 1 in 10 did not intend to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Targeted and multipronged efforts will be needed to increase acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine when one becomes available. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32886525/ doi: 10.7326/m20-3569 id: cord-280672-6x968dwk author: Fisman, David N. title: Age Is Just a Number: A Critically Important Number for COVID-19 Case Fatality date: 2020-07-22 words: 1326.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280672-6x968dwk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280672-6x968dwk.txt summary: In their article, Sudharsanan and colleagues show the importance of adjusting for the age distribution of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 before doing cross-country comparisons of case-fatality rates. Failure to recognize younger, milder cases diminishes the denominator in case-fatality ratio (CFR) calculations (that is, deaths/cases), so between-country differences in age structure explain some fraction of observed between-country variation in epidemic severity and case-fatality. In their analysis, the authors show that adjusting for differences in population age structure substantially reduces the observed differences between country-specific CFRs. To further explore the effect of age distribution on CFR, we can take the standardization approach used by Sudharsanan and colleagues and turn it on its head. When the reported CFR for February 2020 in mainland China (2.3%) is age-standardized using population pyramids from other countries (7), standardization to a country with a younger population structure, such as Indonesia, markedly reduces observed CFR (1.7%), whereas adjustment to a country with an older population, such as Italy, increases the CFR (3.9%). abstract: In their article, Sudharsanan and colleagues show the importance of adjusting for the age distribution of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 before doing cross-country comparisons of case-fatality rates. The editorialists explore the effect of age distribution on these rates and other determinants of between-country variation in the severity of this disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32698604/ doi: 10.7326/m20-4048 id: cord-339509-4ezt6o0o author: Fox, Sharon E. title: Cardiac Endotheliitis and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome After COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 words: 952.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339509-4ezt6o0o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339509-4ezt6o0o.txt summary: In addition, a multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) similar to Kawasaki disease has been increasingly reported in association with COVID-19 in children and young adults (3) (4) (5) . Objective: To provide what we believe to be the first report on the pathologic findings of vasculitis of the small vessels of the heart, which likely represents MIS, leading to death in a young adult after presumed resolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Gross abnormalities noted at autopsy (4 hours after death) were conjunctival injection, enlarged cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes, and vascular thrombi with focal surrounding hemorrhage in the left lower lung, which probably contributed to illness but were not likely the primary cause of death. The clinical picture in this adult patient of sudden lymphadenopathy and parotitis combined with small-vessel cardiac vasculitis after COVID-19 is strongly suggestive of a similar systemic inflammatory process. Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32726150/ doi: 10.7326/l20-0882 id: cord-330916-s99ayg1j author: Hernandez, Adrian V. title: Update Alert: Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine for the Treatment or Prophylaxis of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-15 words: 973.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330916-s99ayg1j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330916-s99ayg1j.txt summary: Given the risk of bias for individual studies and the conflicting direction and magnitude of results, the evidence from both RCTs and cohort studies remains insufficiently strong to support a benefit of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with covid-19 pneumonia who require oxygen: observational comparative study using routine care data Efficacy and safety of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in moderate type of COVID-19: a prospective open-label randomized controlled study. Clinical outcomes of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a quasi-randomized comparative study. No evidence of clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection with oxygen requirement: results of a study using routinely collected data to emulate a target trial. Preliminary evidence from a multicenter prospective observational study of the safety and efficacy of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32667853/ doi: 10.7326/l20-0945 id: cord-303420-3jlqx83u author: Kiser, Stephanie B. title: When the Dust Settles: Preventing a Mental Health Crisis in COVID-19 Clinicians date: 2020-06-09 words: 1194.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303420-3jlqx83u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303420-3jlqx83u.txt summary: Unfortunately, we''ve also seen that the experience in caring for patients with the virus may have profound effects on clinicians'' mental health (2) . We have learned the value of finding meaning in times of intense grief and sorrow-a new skill for many clinicians outside palliative care. With that in mind, we share a foundational set of principles to use as guidance for building internal support for the trauma caused by the pandem-ic: looking past the illness, fostering community, promoting vulnerability, and establishing boundaries and limitations. In palliative care, these challenges bring us together and we make time to talk about them in groups; 1 example is weekly Bereavement Rounds to share grief about the death of our patients. If we take timely and targeted action, we will provide the support our fellow clinicians desperately need. abstract: This essay describes timely and targeted actions that clinicians can take during the COVID-19 pandemic to support fellow clinicians. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-3738 doi: 10.7326/m20-3738 id: cord-287191-e8073l9p author: Klompas, Michael title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Protecting Hospitals From the Invisible date: 2020-03-11 words: 1330.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287191-e8073l9p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287191-e8073l9p.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is optimized to spread widely: Its signs and symptoms are largely indistinguishable from those of other respiratory viruses. The signs and symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are largely indistinguishable from those of other respiratory virus infections. Case detection is still primarily focused on identifying patients with fever, cough, or shortness of breath; this focus leads to underestimation of the number of infected persons, overestimation of the mortality rate, and ongoing spread of disease. To cause a nosocomial outbreak, it will take just 1 patient with occult COVID-19 who is hospitalized, tests negative for influenza virus, and is taken off precautions despite persistent respiratory symptoms. But if we are frank about the morbidity and mortality of all respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, this is the best thing we can do for our patients and colleagues regardless of COVID-19. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is optimized to spread widely: Its signs and symptoms are largely indistinguishable from those of other respiratory viruses. This commentary specifically addresses best ways to protect our hospitals against COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-0751 doi: 10.7326/m20-0751 id: cord-337482-imxkpfrn author: Koplan, Jeffrey title: Maxims for a Pandemic: Time, Distance, and Data date: 2020-10-27 words: 1220.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337482-imxkpfrn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337482-imxkpfrn.txt summary: In their article, Alagoz and colleagues explored the effect of COVID-19–related public health mandates in 3 U.S. locations. The editorialists discuss lessons from this analysis and the role of modeling to inform decision making related to the COVID-19 pandemic and future public health crises. I n their article, Alagoz and colleagues explored the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related public health mandates in 3 U.S. locations-Dane County, Wisconsin; the Milwaukee metropolitan area; and New York City-using agent-based simulation models (1) . They modeled variations in adherence to social distancing mandates, time of intervention, and population density. Alagoz and colleagues'' study provides an opportunity to pause and assess how modeling can and should inform COVID-19 decision making. With mass vaccination months, if not years, away and few effective therapies, the timely use of nonpharmaceutical public health interventions will reduce morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Effect of timing of and adherence to social distancing measures on COVID-19 burden in the United States. abstract: In their article, Alagoz and colleagues explored the effect of COVID-19–related public health mandates in 3 U.S. locations. The editorialists discuss lessons from this analysis and the role of modeling to inform decision making related to the COVID-19 pandemic and future public health crises. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33105096/ doi: 10.7326/m20-6934 id: cord-276428-oy8e2cpx author: Krishnan, Lakshmi title: Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward date: 2020-06-05 words: 5436.0 sentences: 303.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt summary: This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular re-sponses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. We examine the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex, sometimes surprising ways it triggered particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. Although the influenza pandemic does not reveal ready associations between deleterious social, cultural, and economic conditions and poor outcomes (aside from higher case-fatality rate) for black Americans, the gaps in historical documentation may reflect inherent disparities and consequences of limited racial/ethnic data collection. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is exacting a disproportionate toll on ethnic minority communities and magnifying existing disparities in health care access and treatment. To understand this crisis, physicians and public health researchers have searched history for insights, especially from a great outbreak approximately a century ago: the 1918 influenza pandemic. However, of the accounts examining the 1918 influenza pandemic and COVID-19, only a notable few discuss race. Yet, a rich, broader scholarship on race and epidemic disease as a “sampling device for social analysis” exists. This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. This analysis reveals that critical structural inequities and health care gaps have historically contributed to and continue to compound disparate health outcomes among communities of color. Shifting from this context to the present, this article frames a discussion of racial health disparities through a resilience approach rather than a deficit approach and offers a blueprint for approaching the COVID-19 crisis and its afterlives through the lens of health equity. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-2223 doi: 10.7326/m20-2223 id: cord-335003-7ae0galy author: Kussmaul, William G. title: COVID-19 and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker Therapy date: 2020-05-15 words: 739.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335003-7ae0galy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335003-7ae0galy.txt summary: Mackey and colleagues reported a systematic review that found high-certainty evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers are not associated with greater illness severity in patients with COVID-19. The authors present data from 3 studies that found, with moderate certainty of evidence, no relationship of ACEI or ARB use with testing positive for the virus or becoming ill from it. On the basis of further data from 14 observational studies encompassing more than 23 000 adults with COVID-19, they found high-certainty evidence that the drugs are not associated with greater illness severity. As a result of this progression from fear and theory through data and multiple analyses from different continents, we now have reasonable reassurance that drugs that alter the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) do not pose substantial threats as either COVID-19 risk factors or severity multipliers. Can angiotensin receptor-blocking drugs perhaps be harmful in the COVID-19 pandemic? abstract: Mackey and colleagues reported a systematic review that found high-certainty evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers are not associated with greater illness severity in patients with COVID-19. The editorialist discusses the findings and emphasizes that, unless further data show otherwise, clinicians should continue to prescribe these drugs for their standard indications in patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32422077/ doi: 10.7326/m20-3047 id: cord-309207-n8u8ddv7 author: Lechien, Jerome R. title: Loss of Smell and Taste in 2013 European Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19 date: 2020-05-26 words: 900.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309207-n8u8ddv7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309207-n8u8ddv7.txt summary: title: Loss of Smell and Taste in 2013 European Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Using a standardized online questionnaire, we collected clinical and epidemiologic data from hospitalized patients on discharge day and from ambulatory patients after the resolution of key symptoms (such as cough, fever, dyspnea, headache, myalgia, and arthralgia) (Figure) . Objective evaluations for olfactory dysfunction were performed in a subset of patients who reported total loss of smell at 1 of the study sites (EpiCURA Hospital, Hainaut, Belgium) at the time of the questionnaire. A total of 1754 patients (87%) reported loss of smell, whereas 1136 (56%) reported taste dysfunction. Mean time from the end of the disease to the evaluation was 7.8 days (SD, 6.8); mean duration of general symptoms (excluding loss of smell and taste) was 11.5 days (SD, 6.0). Most patients had loss of smell after other general and otolaryngologic symptoms (Table) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32449883/ doi: 10.7326/m20-2428 id: cord-313423-g50oh15t author: Lynch, Holly Fernandez title: Emergency Approvals for COVID-19: Evolving Impact on Obligations to Patients in Clinical Care and Research date: 2020-11-03 words: 1145.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313423-g50oh15t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313423-g50oh15t.txt summary: There currently is debate regarding whether U.S. institutions and clinicians may or should restrict patient access to COVID-19 drugs and vaccines that have been granted emergency use authorization by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Traditional FDA approval typically supports clinical adoption of new standards of care because approval reflects a determination that a product''s benefits outweigh its risks on the basis of a demonstration of safety and substantial evidence of effectiveness, a higher threshold than that required for an EUA. Despite concerns about whether that approval was warranted, given the data existing when the EUA was granted and consensus guidelines recommending remdesivir''s use, failing to offer the drug (when available) might have been viewed as improperly withholding an intervention from which severely ill patients could expect to benefit. In contrast, if an EUA is based on weak evidence, such as observational data or uncontrolled trials-as in the case of convalescent plasma-institutions and clinicians can reasonably decline to offer the product without wronging eligible patients (8) . abstract: There currently is debate regarding whether U.S. institutions and clinicians may or should restrict patient access to COVID-19 drugs and vaccines that have been granted emergency use authorization by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The authors provide their views on the legal, ethical, and clinical ramifications of such restriction. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-6703 doi: 10.7326/m20-6703 id: cord-300474-r5gms09p author: Mackey, Katherine title: Update Alert 2: Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults date: 2020-07-23 words: 595.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300474-r5gms09p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300474-r5gms09p.txt summary: title: Update Alert 2: Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults Results of 3 new meta-analysis (2-4) evaluating the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) use with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness severity are consistent with the findings that we reported in the original manuscript. Overall, inclusion of these 3 new meta-analyses and 5 new observational studies does not change the certainty of evidence rating we reported in the original manuscript for key question 2-high-certainty evidence that ACEI or ARB use is not associated with more severe COVID-19 disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers and ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors on virus infection, inflammatory status, and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and hypertension: a single-center retrospective study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32701362/ doi: 10.7326/l20-0969 id: cord-339459-z22a5yzo author: Mackey, Katherine title: Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults: A Living Systematic Review date: 2020-05-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in COVID-19 disease susceptibility, severity, and treatment is unclear. PURPOSE: To evaluate, on an ongoing basis, whether use of ACEIs or ARBs either increases risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or is associated with worse COVID-19 disease outcomes, and to assess the efficacy of these medications for COVID-19 treatment. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (Ovid) and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 2003 to 4 May 2020, with planned ongoing surveillance for 1 year; the World Health Organization database of COVID-19 publications and medRxiv.org through 17 April 2020; and ClinicalTrials.gov to 24 April 2020, with planned ongoing surveillance. STUDY SELECTION: Observational studies and trials in adults that examined associations and effects of ACEIs or ARBs on risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. DATA EXTRACTION: Single-reviewer abstraction confirmed by another reviewer, independent evaluation by 2 reviewers of study quality, and collective assessment of certainty of evidence. DATA SYNTHESIS: Two retrospective cohort studies found that ACEI and ARB use was not associated with a higher likelihood of receiving a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, and 1 case–control study found no association with COVID-19 illness in a large community (moderate-certainty evidence). Fourteen observational studies, involving a total of 23 565 adults with COVID-19, showed consistent evidence that neither medication was associated with more severe COVID-19 illness (high-certainty evidence). Four registered randomized trials plan to evaluate ACEIs and ARBs for treatment of COVID-19. LIMITATION: Half the studies were small and did not adjust for important confounding variables. CONCLUSION: High-certainty evidence suggests that ACEI or ARB use is not associated with more severe COVID-19 disease, and moderate-certainty evidence suggests no association between use of these medications and positive SARS-CoV-2 test results among symptomatic patients. Whether these medications increase the risk for mild or asymptomatic disease or are beneficial in COVID-19 treatment remains uncertain. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: None. (PROSPERO: registration number pending) url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-1515 doi: 10.7326/m20-1515 id: cord-312125-j9l6l3dx author: Pau, Alice K. title: Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of COVID-19: Perspectives of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel date: 2020-09-25 words: 1796.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt summary: In the United States, the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently being tested in randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. Treatment of individual patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma outside such trials is also now permitted through U.S. Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization. Here, members of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel provide their views regarding use of convalescent plasma for treating COVID-19. In March 2020, the FDA authorized expanded access to convalescent plasma for treating severe or life-threatening COVID-19 under individual-patient emergency Investigational New Drug applications. Given the lack of data from properly powered RCTs, and the need to inform regulatory decision making regarding continued access to convalescent plasma, both the FDA and the Mayo Clinic performed retrospective, indirect evaluations of efficacy by using EAP data, hypothesizing that patients who received plasma units with higher titers of neutralizing antibodies would have better clinical outcomes. abstract: In the United States, the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently being tested in randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. Treatment of individual patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma outside such trials is also now permitted through U.S. Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization. Here, members of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel provide their views regarding use of convalescent plasma for treating COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-6448 doi: 10.7326/m20-6448 id: cord-301183-k39e12cq author: Pham, Tho D. title: SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia in a Healthy Blood Donor 40 Days After Respiratory Illness Resolution date: 2020-07-17 words: 289.0 sentences: 26.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301183-k39e12cq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301183-k39e12cq.txt summary: title: SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia in a Healthy Blood Donor 40 Days After Respiratory Illness Resolution than 1 month after symptom resolution is concerning in light of current guidelines, which do not recommend SARS-CoV-2 screening in the general allogeneic donor population (5) . In this case, plasma viral RNA was reproducibly detected at a time point that exceeded recommendations for deferral based on time since symptom resolution (14 days). Of importance, these results are unlikely to be false-positive given that 2 different regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome were detected in separate specimens collected on the day of donation and that quality control passed on all runs, including the absence of amplification in the negative controls. Of note, however, the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 from blood remains unknown and, to date, we are not aware of cases of transfusion-transmitted COVID-19. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA detected in blood donations abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.7326/l20-0725 doi: 10.7326/l20-0725 id: cord-355805-ajlf5je4 author: Qaseem, Amir title: Should Clinicians Use Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin for the Prophylaxis or Treatment of COVID-19? Living Practice Points From the American College of Physicians (Version 1) date: 2020-05-13 words: 2014.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355805-ajlf5je4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355805-ajlf5je4.txt summary: The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of hydroxychloroquine alone compared with standard treatment on the progression or exacerbation of pulmonary lesions on CT scan in 2 RCTs (33.3% vs. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of hydroxychloroquine alone compared with standard treatment in 2 RCTs; median, 1 day vs. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of hydroxychloroquine alone compared with standard treatment in 2 cohort studies; 12.9% vs. No evidence of clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection with oxygen requirement: results of a study using routinely collected data to emulate a target trial The Scientific Medical Policy Committee (SMPC), in collaboration with staff from ACP''s Department of Clinical Policy, developed these Practice Points based on a rapid systematic evidence review conducted by the University of Connecticut Health Outcomes, Policy, and Evidence Synthesis Group. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32422063/ doi: 10.7326/m20-1998 id: cord-309633-1cd74xdl author: Rogers, Julia H. title: Characteristics of COVID-19 in Homeless Shelters: A Community-Based Surveillance Study date: 2020-09-15 words: 4018.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309633-1cd74xdl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309633-1cd74xdl.txt summary: MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome measure was test positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection at shelters, determined by dividing the number of positive cases by the total number of participant encounters, regardless of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Active surveillance and surge testing were used to detect multiple cases of asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in homeless shelters. Surge testing was initiated on 30 March 2020 (and continued through 24 April) in collaboration with Public Health-Seattle & King County''s Communicable Disease Epidemiology Team to conduct contact tracing at 6 shelters where cases of SARS-CoV-2 were previously detected ( Figure 2 ). We calculated the test positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection at shelters by dividing the number of positive cases by the total number of participant encounters in the study period. Overall, 2% of participant encounters involved positive SARS-CoV-2 results, with most cases detected through surge testing events. abstract: BACKGROUND: Homeless shelters are a high-risk setting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission because of crowding and shared hygiene facilities. OBJECTIVE: To investigate SARS-CoV-2 case counts across several adult and family homeless shelters in a major metropolitan area. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, community-based surveillance study. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04141917) SETTING: 14 homeless shelters in King County, Washington. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1434 study encounters were done in shelter residents and staff, regardless of symptoms. INTERVENTION: Two strategies were used for SARS-CoV-2 testing: routine surveillance and contact tracing (“surge testing”) events. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome measure was test positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection at shelters, determined by dividing the number of positive cases by the total number of participant encounters, regardless of symptoms. Sociodemographic, clinical, and virologic variables were assessed as correlates of viral positivity. RESULTS: Among 1434 encounters, 29 (2% [95% CI, 1.4% to 2.9%]) cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were detected across 5 shelters. Most (n = 21 [72.4%]) were detected during surge testing events rather than routine surveillance, and most (n = 21 [72.4% {CI, 52.8% to 87.3%}]) were asymptomatic at the time of sample collection. Persons who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 were more frequently aged 60 years or older than those without SARS-CoV-2 (44.8% vs. 15.9%). Eighty-six percent of persons with positive test results slept in a communal space rather than in a private or shared room. LIMITATION: Selection bias due to voluntary participation and a relatively small case count. CONCLUSION: Active surveillance and surge testing were used to detect multiple cases of asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in homeless shelters. The findings suggest an unmet need for routine viral testing outside of clinical settings for homeless populations. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Gates Ventures. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-3799 doi: 10.7326/m20-3799 id: cord-323054-m8hkj1dm author: Schwartz, Rachel title: Addressing Postpandemic Clinician Mental Health: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework date: 2020-08-21 words: 4844.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt summary: In a narrative review of 96 articles addressing clinician mental health in COVID-19 and prior pandemics, 7 themes emerged: 1) the need for resilience and stress reduction training; 2) providing for clinicians'' basic needs (food, drink, adequate rest, quarantine-appropriate housing, transportation, child care, personal protective equipment); 3) the importance of specialized training for pandemic-induced changes in job roles; 4) recognition and clear communication from leadership; 5) acknowledgment of and strategies for addressing moral injury; 6) the need for peer and social support interventions; and 7) normalization and provision of mental health support programs. Seven themes, and associated interventions, emerged from the literature (Figure) : 1) the need for resilience and stress reduction training; 2) providing for clinicians'' basic needs (food, drink, adequate rest, quarantine-appropriate housing, transportation, child care, PPE); 3) the importance of specialized training for pandemic-induced changes in job roles; 4) recognition and clear communication from leadership; 5) acknowledgment of and strategies for addressing moral injury; 6) the need for peer and social support interventions and; 7) normalization and provision of mental health support programs. abstract: Previous pandemics have seen high psychiatric morbidity among health care workers. Protecting clinician mental health in the aftermath of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requires an evidence-based approach to developing and deploying comprehensive clinician mental health support. In a narrative review of 96 articles addressing clinician mental health in COVID-19 and prior pandemics, 7 themes emerged: 1) the need for resilience and stress reduction training; 2) providing for clinicians' basic needs (food, drink, adequate rest, quarantine-appropriate housing, transportation, child care, personal protective equipment); 3) the importance of specialized training for pandemic-induced changes in job roles; 4) recognition and clear communication from leadership; 5) acknowledgment of and strategies for addressing moral injury; 6) the need for peer and social support interventions; and 7) normalization and provision of mental health support programs. In addition to the literature review, in collaboration with the Collaborative for Healing and Renewal in Medicine (CHARM) network, the authors gathered practice guidelines and resources from health care organizations and professional societies worldwide to synthesize a list of resources deemed high-yield by well-being leaders. Studies of previous pandemics demonstrate heightened distress in health care workers years after the event. The COVID-19 pandemic presents unique challenges that surpass those of previous pandemics, suggesting a significant mental health toll on clinicians. Long-term, proactive individual, organizational, and societal infrastructures for clinician mental health support are needed to mitigate the psychological costs of providing care during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32822206/ doi: 10.7326/m20-4199 id: cord-301852-9nza3po0 author: Sears, David title: Occupational Health: A Key to the Control of COVID-19 in Correctional Facilities date: 2020-07-27 words: 1255.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301852-9nza3po0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301852-9nza3po0.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 has swept through prisons in much the same way it has nursing homes: after being introduced by staff or newly arrived residents, it spreads efficiently, including to many with medical vulnerabilities. The authors believe that ensuring community-standard occupational health for correctional staff during COVID-19 will protect prison residents, staff, and their communities. As COVID-19 transmission continues unabated in these settings, protecting the health and safety of correctional workers is a moral imperative and an underappreciated requirement to mitigate the pandemic''s effect on incarcerated persons and surrounding communities. Although occupational health interventions should focus primarily on correctional officers given their numbers and close, sustained contact with incarcerated persons, interventions should be adapted to reduce risk for infection for all staff. To protect correctional staff and ensure that community standards of care are afforded to incarcerated populations during the COVID-19 pandemic, prisons must: Ensuring community-standard occupational health for correctional staff during COVID-19 will protect us all. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 has swept through prisons in much the same way it has nursing homes: after being introduced by staff or newly arrived residents, it spreads efficiently, including to many with medical vulnerabilities. Yet, many correctional workers lack basic protections. The authors believe that ensuring community-standard occupational health for correctional staff during COVID-19 will protect prison residents, staff, and their communities. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-4543 doi: 10.7326/m20-4543 id: cord-318876-m1v0ij84 author: Spagnolo, Primavera A. title: Sex and Gender Differences in Health: What the COVID-19 Pandemic Can Teach Us date: 2020-05-08 words: 1245.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318876-m1v0ij84.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318876-m1v0ij84.txt summary: The authors of this commentary call for sexand gender-specific and differentiating factors to be urgently included in the research, prevention, and therapeutics implementation response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We call for sex-and gender-specific and differentiating factors to be urgently included in the research, prevention, and therapeutics implementation response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Or we can investigate a priori the specific role of these factors and potentially leverage the mechanisms implicated in sex and gender differences in COVID-19 risk, progression, and outcomes, to identify effective prevention and treatment interventions for the entire population. Investigating sex hormone-influenced mechanisms and, more broadly, conducting sex-and genderinformed research may optimize the development of novel therapeutics and shed light on drug efficacy, safety profiles, and adherence to treatments currently tested for COVID-19, given that sex differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics influence therapeutic effects and risk profiles of numerous medications, and that gender-related factors affect adherence to treatment, access to health care, and health-seeking behaviors (3) . abstract: The authors of this commentary call for sex- and gender-specific and differentiating factors to be urgently included in the research, prevention, and therapeutics implementation response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32384135/ doi: 10.7326/m20-1941 id: cord-325643-nszsf0nu author: Tan, Benjamin Y.Q. title: Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Workers in Singapore date: 2020-04-06 words: 770.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325643-nszsf0nu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325643-nszsf0nu.txt summary: The prevalence of anxiety was higher among nonmedical health care workers than medical personnel (20.7% versus 10.8%; adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.15 to 2.99]; P = 0.011), after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, survey completion date, and presence of comorbid conditions. Similarly, higher mean DASS-21 anxiety and stress subscale scores and higher IES-R total and subscale scores were observed in nonmedical health care workers ( Table 2) . Discussion: Overall mean DASS-21 and IES-R scores among health care workers were lower than those in the published literature from previous disease outbreaks, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). In conclusion, our study highlights that nonmedical health care personnel are at highest risk for psychological distress during the COVID-19 outbreak. Psychological impact of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak on health care workers in a medium size regional general hospital in Singapore abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-1083 doi: 10.7326/m20-1083 id: cord-298632-xu1sgguh author: Tyan, Kevin title: Investing in Our First Line of Defense: Environmental Services Workers date: 2020-05-01 words: 1106.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298632-xu1sgguh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298632-xu1sgguh.txt summary: Across hospital systems, cost-cutting to reduce EVS staff and cleaning hours has been associated with increased nosocomial infections (1) (2) (3) . In light of evidence that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can survive on surfaces for up to 3 days (5), along with studies demonstrating that viral shedding contaminates over 80% of the interior of hospital rooms (6) and aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2 causes extensive surface contamination (7), it is now more urgent than ever to emphasize the importance of environmental cleaning. Cleaning staff have been whittled down by 25% during this time, and more than one third of hospitals have disbanded their own EVS teams to outsource this work to contractors, shedding valuable institutional experience while exacerbating high turnover and inadequate training (1). To thoroughly disinfect a hospital room, EVS workers need sufficient time, proper technique, and effective tools. abstract: Environmental services personnel are a critical first line of defense against the spread of COVID-19. This commentary discusses the importance of environmental cleaning during the pandemic and the essential role of environmental services personnel in patient safety. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32357202/ doi: 10.7326/m20-2237 id: cord-284694-bk6bnox0 author: Wang, Changsong title: Cytokine Levels in the Body Fluids of a Patient With COVID-19 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Report date: 2020-05-12 words: 559.0 sentences: 28.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284694-bk6bnox0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284694-bk6bnox0.txt summary: title: Cytokine Levels in the Body Fluids of a Patient With COVID-19 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Report In addition, the time from symptom onset to confirmation of COVID-19 diagnosis was relatively long, the patient''s hospital course was longer, and we wonder whether this long duration of viral replication contributed to the high cytokine levels we measured. As a result, we wonder whether tocilizumab would have affected the IL-6 levels we observed and whether it might have improved this patient''s disease course, especially because others have reported that as COVID-19 progresses to its middle and late stages, the expression of inflammatory cytokines is related to the severity of the disease (4). On the basis of our experience, we encourage additional research to determine whether inflammatory cytokines in the lungs predict the clinical course of COVID-19 and whether these cytokines should be a target for intervention and treatment. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.7326/l20-0354 doi: 10.7326/l20-0354 id: cord-267124-8efdzlc0 author: Wichmann, Dominic title: Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study date: 2020-05-06 words: 4062.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267124-8efdzlc0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267124-8efdzlc0.txt summary: In response to the pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2, the authorities of the German federal state of Hamburg ordered mandatory autopsies in all patients dying with a diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). During autopsy, tissue samples for histology were taken from the following organs: heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, brain, prostate and testes (in males), ovaries (in females), small bowel, saphenous vein, common carotid artery, pharynx, and muscle. In this autopsy study of 12 consecutive patients who died of COVID-19, we found a high incidence of deep venous thrombosis (58%). In studies that examined deceased patients with COVID-19 without relying on autopsy, no increased rates of pulmonary embolism were observed clinically. To our knowledge, only 3 case reports have been published on patients with COVID-19 who have undergone complete autopsy and a few more in which only lung tissue was examined (7, 8) . abstract: BACKGROUND: The new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS–CoV-2), has caused more than 210 000 deaths worldwide. However, little is known about the causes of death and the virus's pathologic features. OBJECTIVE: To validate and compare clinical findings with data from medical autopsy, virtual autopsy, and virologic tests. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Autopsies performed at a single academic medical center, as mandated by the German federal state of Hamburg for patients dying with a polymerase chain reaction–confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. PATIENTS: The first 12 consecutive COVID-19–positive deaths. MEASUREMENTS: Complete autopsy, including postmortem computed tomography and histopathologic and virologic analysis, was performed. Clinical data and medical course were evaluated. Results: Median patient age was 73 years (range, 52 to 87 years), 75% of patients were male, and death occurred in the hospital (n = 10) or outpatient sector (n = 2). Coronary heart disease and asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the most common comorbid conditions (50% and 25%, respectively). Autopsy revealed deep venous thrombosis in 7 of 12 patients (58%) in whom venous thromboembolism was not suspected before death; pulmonary embolism was the direct cause of death in 4 patients. Postmortem computed tomography revealed reticular infiltration of the lungs with severe bilateral, dense consolidation, whereas histomorphologically diffuse alveolar damage was seen in 8 patients. In all patients, SARS–CoV-2 RNA was detected in the lung at high concentrations; viremia in 6 of 10 and 5 of 12 patients demonstrated high viral RNA titers in the liver, kidney, or heart. LIMITATION: Limited sample size. CONCLUSION: The high incidence of thromboembolic events suggests an important role of COVID-19–induced coagulopathy. Further studies are needed to investigate the molecular mechanism and overall clinical incidence of COVID-19–related death, as well as possible therapeutic interventions to reduce it. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32374815/ doi: 10.7326/m20-2003 id: cord-270970-9gtnsyts author: Wolf, Michael S. title: Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related to COVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Survey date: 2020-04-09 words: 4493.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt summary: In multivariable analyses, participants who were black, were living below the poverty level, and had low health literacy were more likely to be less worried about COVID-19, to not believe that they would become infected, and to feel less prepared for an outbreak. We did a time-sensitive study among higher-risk, older adults living with 1 or more chronic conditions to determine their current awareness of COVID-19, their perception of the seriousness of its threat, their level of worry and concern related to contracting the virus, whether it is affecting their daily routine or existing plans, how prepared they feel to handle an outbreak, and their confidence in the federal government response. In our study, disparities by race, socioeconomic status, and health literacy were not reflected in ratings of the seriousness of the COVID-19 threat, demonstrated knowledge of its symptom presentation or general means to prevent it, or reported changes to daily routines and plans. abstract: BACKGROUND: The evolving outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is requiring social distancing and other measures to protect public health. However, messaging has been inconsistent and unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine COVID-19 awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and related behaviors among U.S. adults who are more vulnerable to complications of infection because of age and comorbid conditions. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey linked to 3 active clinical trials and 1 cohort study. SETTING: 5 academic internal medicine practices and 2 federally qualified health centers. PATIENTS: 630 adults aged 23 to 88 years living with 1 or more chronic conditions. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to COVID-19. RESULTS: A fourth (24.6%) of participants were “very worried” about getting the coronavirus. Nearly a third could not correctly identify symptoms (28.3%) or ways to prevent infection (30.2%). One in 4 adults (24.6%) believed that they were “not at all likely” to get the virus, and 21.9% reported that COVID-19 had little or no effect on their daily routine. One in 10 respondents was very confident that the federal government could prevent a nationwide outbreak. In multivariable analyses, participants who were black, were living below the poverty level, and had low health literacy were more likely to be less worried about COVID-19, to not believe that they would become infected, and to feel less prepared for an outbreak. Those with low health literacy had greater confidence in the federal government response. LIMITATION: Cross-sectional study of adults with underlying health conditions in 1 city during the initial week of the COVID-19 U.S. outbreak. CONCLUSION: Many adults with comorbid conditions lacked critical knowledge about COVID-19 and, despite concern, were not changing routines or plans. Noted disparities suggest that greater public health efforts may be needed to mobilize the most vulnerable communities. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Institutes of Health. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-1239 doi: 10.7326/m20-1239 id: cord-253196-et1ekgdl author: Yazdany, Jinoos title: Use of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Every Clinician Should Know date: 2020-03-31 words: 1330.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253196-et1ekgdl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253196-et1ekgdl.txt summary: Two medications often used for treatment of immune-mediated conditions, hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, have recently attracted widespread interest as potential therapies for coronavirus disease 2019. The antimalarials hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) have demonstrated antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro and in small, poorly controlled or uncontrolled clinical studies (1) (2) (3) . Here, we try to provide guidance regarding clinical decision making both for patients with COVID-19 and those with immune-mediated conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and strategies to mitigate further harm to these patients. At this time of crisis, it is our ethical obligation as physicians and researchers to organize and refer patients to expedited, well-performed randomized trials that can clarify if, when, and for whom antimalarial medications are helpful in COVID-19. A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with common coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) abstract: Two medications often used for treatment of immune-mediated conditions, hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, have recently attracted widespread interest as potential therapies for coronavirus disease 2019. The authors of this commentary provide guidance for clinical decision making for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 as well as for patients with rheumatologic conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32232419/ doi: 10.7326/m20-1334 id: cord-309513-dleo9rpl author: Zhang, Huilan title: Histopathologic Changes and SARS–CoV-2 Immunostaining in the Lung of a Patient With COVID-19 date: 2020-03-12 words: 609.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309513-dleo9rpl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309513-dleo9rpl.txt summary: Biopsy lung sections were analyzed with hematoxylineosin staining, and immunostaining for SARS-CoV-2 was conducted as reported elsewhere (1) . In contrast, viral protein expression was minimally detectable on blood vessels ( Figure 2 , B, dashed black line) or in the interstitial areas between alveoli (Figure 2, B, bottom panel, blue arrows) . Immu-nostaining of Huh7 cells infected with SARS-CoV and of lung sections from an HIV-positive patient who died of fungal infection served as positive and negative staining controls, respectively (Figure 2, C) . A. Histopathologic examination revealing diffuse alveolar damage, organizing phase (A-1); denudation of alveolar lining cells (arrow 1), with presence of reactive type II pneumocyte hyperplasia (arrow 2) (A-2); intra-alveolar fibrinous exudates (arrow 3) and interstitial loose fibrosis with chronic inflammatory infiltrates (arrow 4) (A-3); and intra-alveolar loose fibrous plugs (arrow 5) (A-4). B. Immunostaining of SARS-CoV-2 in lung sections. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-0533 doi: 10.7326/m20-0533 id: cord-294369-e3jyihvm author: del Amo, Julia title: Incidence and Severity of COVID-19 in HIV-Positive Persons Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cohort Study date: 2020-06-26 words: 3321.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294369-e3jyihvm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294369-e3jyihvm.txt summary: BACKGROUND: The incidence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among HIV-positive persons receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have not been characterized in large populations. CONCLUSION: HIV-positive patients receiving TDF/FTC have a lower risk for COVID-19 and related hospitalization than those receiving other therapies. The risks for PCR-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization, ICU admission, and death among HIVpositive persons receiving ART in Spain were greater in men and those older than 70 years. The lower risk for COVID-19 diagnosis among persons receiving TDF/FTC might be the result of less intensive testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection in this group compared with those receiving other ART regimens. Molecular docking (18 -23) and other in vitro studies (24) suggest that NRTIs, such as TDF, TAF, ABC, and 3TC, might be effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibiting RNAdRNAp. This also might explain the 32% lower risk for COVID-19 diagnosis in persons receiving ABC/3TC compared with those receiving TAF/FTC. abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among HIV-positive persons receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have not been characterized in large populations. OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence and severity of COVID-19 by nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) use among HIV-positive persons receiving ART. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: HIV clinics in 60 Spanish hospitals between 1 February and 15 April 2020. PARTICIPANTS: 77 590 HIV-positive persons receiving ART. MEASUREMENTS: Estimated risks (cumulative incidences) per 10 000 persons and 95% CIs for polymerase chain reaction–confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death. Risk and 95% CIs for COVID-19 diagnosis and hospital admission by use of the NRTIs tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC), tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/FTC, abacavir (ABC)/lamivudine (3TC), and others were estimated through Poisson regression models. RESULTS: Of 77 590 HIV-positive persons receiving ART, 236 were diagnosed with COVID-19, 151 were hospitalized, 15 were admitted to the ICU, and 20 died. The risks for COVID-19 diagnosis and hospitalization were greater in men and persons older than 70 years. The risk for COVID-19 hospitalization was 20.3 (95% CI, 15.2 to 26.7) among patients receiving TAF/FTC, 10.5 (CI, 5.6 to 17.9) among those receiving TDF/FTC, 23.4 (CI, 17.2 to 31.1) among those receiving ABC/3TC, and 20.0 (CI, 14.2 to 27.3) for those receiving other regimens. The corresponding risks for COVID-19 diagnosis were 39.1 (CI, 31.8 to 47.6), 16.9 (CI, 10.5 to 25.9), 28.3 (CI, 21.5 to 36.7), and 29.7 (CI, 22.6 to 38.4), respectively. No patient receiving TDF/FTC was admitted to the ICU or died. LIMITATION: Residual confounding by comorbid conditions cannot be completely excluded. CONCLUSION: HIV-positive patients receiving TDF/FTC have a lower risk for COVID-19 and related hospitalization than those receiving other therapies. These findings warrant further investigation in HIV preexposure prophylaxis studies and randomized trials in persons without HIV. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Instituto de Salud Carlos III and National Institutes of Health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32589451/ doi: 10.7326/m20-3689 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel