Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 47 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8095 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 46 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 ICU 14 patient 13 ARDS 6 ECMO 5 VAP 5 COVID-19 4 covid-19 4 SARS 4 Fig 4 AKI 3 study 3 mortality 3 group 3 day 3 NIV 3 MERS 3 January 2 sofa 2 result 2 respiratory 2 peep 2 lung 2 high 2 care 2 IQR 2 HIV 2 France 2 December 2 Care 2 COPD 1 vitamin 1 vat 1 vascular 1 treatment 1 team 1 syndrome 1 sort 1 resuscitation 1 regional 1 rationale 1 pulmonary 1 prone 1 muscle 1 method 1 invitation 1 intubation 1 introduction 1 french 1 fluid 1 family Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 7321 patient 5438 % 2510 study 1583 p 1261 mortality 1206 group 1133 day 1061 care 1044 ventilation 1000 result 986 infection 879 lung 859 pressure 845 case 779 outcome 774 analysis 753 n 752 method 727 failure 704 factor 700 hospital 693 time 684 datum 671 admission 667 risk 662 rate 648 treatment 638 year 622 score 600 therapy 595 unit 571 shock 568 conclusion 565 syndrome 532 h 500 level 481 pneumonia 461 effect 449 use 449 disease 435 value 433 injury 430 period 430 age 414 stay 399 volume 390 blood 370 ratio 364 management 364 duration Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 2033 ICU 822 ARDS 409 ECMO 367 VAP 297 AKI 265 ± 256 Fig 248 Care 236 CI 230 COVID-19 225 NIV 216 MV 212 Intensive 188 January 162 II 161 France 158 MERS 157 . 151 SARS 138 mg 132 Table 132 COPD 129 al 121 et 120 VA 120 L 120 Hospital 111 CT 106 HFNC 104 kg 101 HIV 100 Jean 100 December 100 CMV 99 C 96 PEEP 95 IQR 92 PP 92 Ann 88 SAPS 84 T 81 H1N1 80 University 80 PJP 78 China 77 Vt 77 ARF 76 IC 72 ECCO 71 de Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 1334 we 627 it 217 they 154 them 59 i 25 us 17 he 12 themselves 7 you 7 one 5 itself 4 himself 3 she 3 him 2 theirs 1 s 1 rrt 1 ours 1 olhf).the 1 's Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 15076 be 2002 have 1183 use 1158 associate 1097 include 604 perform 586 increase 565 compare 503 admit 481 receive 473 do 472 show 457 assess 449 require 399 report 392 identify 379 follow 341 consider 337 accord 335 relate 333 find 331 evaluate 331 base 326 define 300 observe 296 remain 295 suggest 285 induce 276 improve 276 describe 266 reduce 240 treat 232 develop 230 conduct 230 collect 228 decrease 225 measure 220 predict 218 present 218 need 217 occur 211 determine 201 lead 200 allow 192 study 188 ventilate 183 confirm 180 obtain 180 analyze 171 aim Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1404 respiratory 1383 not 1184 high 1079 - 1073 acute 917 severe 873 clinical 610 pulmonary 607 low 604 intensive 592 more 581 mechanical 537 first 502 non 440 also 432 ill 431 early 431 critically 413 septic 410 however 403 significant 401 other 390 only 380 significantly 379 respectively 368 most 348 mean 342 well 339 medical 338 fluid 335 cardiac 329 median 319 positive 304 prospective 302 retrospective 302 different 282 such 270 invasive 264 arterial 254 renal 235 long 232 main 220 as 216 similar 215 prone 208 large 205 therapeutic 203 initial 201 antibiotic 199 major Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88 most 70 least 68 good 43 Most 33 high 21 large 13 late 12 low 7 bad 5 great 3 strong 3 near 2 young 2 sure 2 long 1 weak 1 tough 1 sick 1 short 1 safe 1 postsurgery 1 poor 1 fast 1 early 1 cord-025170-dtbm4ue1 1 common 1 close 1 broad 1 blaOXA-58 1 big Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 280 most 69 least 7 well 1 themost Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 www.irct.ir 1 www.stat.ubc.ca 1 www.prosp 1 www.r-proje 1 clinicaltrials.gov Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 2 http://www.IRCT.ir 1 http://www.stat.ubc.ca/~rollin/stats/ssize/b2.html 1 http://www.prosp 1 http://www.R-proje 1 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02780466?term=intubatic&draw=2&rank=1 Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 2 yacine001@yahoo.fr 2 oussamajaoued@gmail.com 2 jean-luc.diehl@aphp.fr 2 benhamzasabah5@gmail.com 1 tosimartina@gmail.com 1 stefano.greco@asst-valleolona.it 1 sophie.jacquier@chr-orleans.fr 1 samia.ayed@yahoo.fr 1 sami.hraiech@ap-hm.fr 1 salsi.pierpaolo@ausl.re.it 1 sadatsouhila@hotmail.fr 1 roberto.keim@asst-bergamoest.it 1 paul.jaubert@gmail.com 1 painvinbe@gmail.com 1 nicolas.lerolle@univ-angers.fr 1 nicolas.garbez@umontpellier.fr 1 nico.sella@hotmail.it 1 nabilghomari@hotmail.fr 1 mel.fromentin@wanadoo.fr 1 mauroantonio.calo@aulss3.veneto.it 1 massimo_borelli@asst-bgovest.it 1 martina.bordini3@studio.unibo.it 1 mario.saia@azero.veneto.it 1 mariem241090@gmail.com 1 marielemerle@yahoo.fr 1 luca.cabrini@uninsubria.it 1 loretovidaurtello@gmail.com 1 lisaleon1307@gmail.com 1 lea.savary@hotmail.com 1 lara.zafrani@aphp.fr 1 khaoula87@hotmail.fr 1 kais.regaieg@gmail.com 1 julien.goutay@gmail.com 1 jhysmc@gmail.com 1 jean-luc.baudel@aphp.fr 1 jabirachid@gmail.com 1 ivo.tiberio@aulss6.veneto.it 1 hgheerbrant@chu-grenoble.fr 1 guillaume.voiriot@aphp.fr 1 guillaume.geri@aphp.fr 1 guido.merli@asst-crema.it 1 guido.frascaroli@aosp.bo.it 1 giovanni.marino@asst-melegnanomartesana.it 1 giovanni.albano@gavazzeni.it 1 giorgio.gallioli@asst-vimercate.it 1 geoffroyhariri@hotmail.com 1 gautier.nitel@gmail.com 1 gattinoniluciano@gmail.com 1 francois.beloncle@univ-angers.fr 1 francesca.repetti@hotmail.it Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 study are available 11 data are available 11 mortality was significantly 10 mortality was higher 10 patients receiving respiratory 8 patients did not 8 patients requiring mechanical 7 mortality was similar 7 study has several 6 groups did not 6 patients required mechanical 6 patients were younger 5 % were male 5 groups were comparable 5 mortality is high 5 patients receiving invasive 5 patients receiving mechanical 5 rate was not 5 rate was significantly 5 study did not 5 study was not 4 ards receiving prone 4 data were not 4 data were retrospectively 4 groups were similar 4 infection did not 4 infection were independently 4 patients had more 4 patients requiring icu 4 patients were alive 4 patients were men 4 patients were more 4 patients were not 4 patients were prospectively 4 patients were still 4 study including patients 3 % is resistant 3 admission was acute 3 analysis did not 3 case report form 3 days were eligible 3 group had significantly 3 groups had similar 3 icu were significantly 3 infection is very 3 infection was not 3 mortality did not 3 mortality was not 3 mortality were age 3 outcome was favorable Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 rate was not different 2 study are not publicly 2 study found no significant 1 admission was not relevant 1 analysis is not exhaustive 1 analysis showed no difference 1 ards are not entirely 1 ards is not fully 1 ards is not yet 1 care is not still 1 care was not adequate 1 cases had no history 1 cases was not enough 1 data were not available 1 data were not normally 1 data were not useful 1 factor was not comprehensive 1 failure was not significantly 1 failure was not statistically 1 failure were not different 1 group had no comorbid 1 groups was not possible 1 groups was not statistically 1 hospital was no longer 1 icu is not specific 1 icu was not elevated 1 infections was not different 1 lungs is not well 1 method is not at 1 methods are not original 1 mortality is not very 1 mortality was not significantly 1 outcome was not different 1 outcomes were not different 1 patient is no longer 1 patients are not sufficiently 1 patients did not fully 1 patients had no anticoagulation 1 patients had no apparent 1 patients had no comorbidity 1 patients had no extra 1 patients had no major 1 patients had no rv 1 patients had no significant 1 patients had no transfusion 1 patients have no respiratory 1 patients were not eligible 1 patients were not significant 1 pressure are not very 1 pressure is not only A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-345591-zwh1xj5u author = Al-Dorzi, Hasan M. title = The critical care response to a hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: an observational study date = 2016-10-24 keywords = East; ICU; MERS; Middle summary = title: The critical care response to a hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: an observational study BACKGROUND: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has caused several hospital outbreaks, including a major outbreak at King Abdulaziz Medical City, a 940-bed tertiary-care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (August–September 2015). Eight HCWs had MERS requiring ICU admission (median stay = 28 days): Seven developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, four were treated with prone positioning, four needed continuous renal replacement therapy and one had extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus is a recently identified virus that is closely related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) [1] , causes severe hypoxemic respiratory failure with multiorgan failure and frequently requires admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) [2, 3] . doi = 10.1186/s13613-016-0203-z id = cord-311176-dlwph5za author = Alshahrani, Mohammed S. title = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus date = 2018-01-10 keywords = ECMO; MERS; patient summary = The objective of this study is to compare the outcomes of MERS-CoV patients before and after the availability of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a rescue therapy in severely hypoxemic patients who failed conventional strategies. METHODS: We collected data retrospectively on MERS-CoV patients with refractory respiratory failure from April 2014 to December 2015 in 5 intensive care units (ICUs) in Saudi Arabia. In this retrospective cohort study, we found that ECMO rescue therapy was associated with lower in-hospital mortality, better oxygenation, and fewer organ failures compared to historical control (usual care) in patients with severe MERS-CoV. described the use of ECMO in two patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to MERS-CoV infection in France, where both patients developed severe hypoxia and increasing oxygen requirements, leading to mechanical ventilation and ECMO use. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe influenza A (H1N1) acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective observational comparative study doi = 10.1186/s13613-017-0350-x id = cord-328569-1lx3fkv3 author = Bagate, François title = Rescue therapy with inhaled nitric oxide and almitrine in COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome date = 2020-11-04 keywords = ARDS; COVID-19; patient summary = title: Rescue therapy with inhaled nitric oxide and almitrine in COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome BACKGROUND: In COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the relatively preserved respiratory system compliance despite severe hypoxemia, with specific pulmonary vascular dysfunction, suggests a possible hemodynamic mechanism for VA/Q mismatch, as hypoxic vasoconstriction alteration. Some authors have hypothesized that potential relatively preserved respiratory system compliance (Crs) despite severe hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients suggests a possible hemodynamic mechanism for ventilation/perfusion (VA/Q) mismatch as hypoxic vasoconstriction alteration [5] . Individual values of the ratio of oxygen partial pressure to inspired oxygen fraction in arterial blood in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to coronavirus disease 2019, according to position (prone or supine) and administration of inhaled nitric oxide with or without almitrine. Correlations between respiratory mechanics and oxygenation response to the combination of inhaled nitric oxide and almitrine in ten patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to coronavirus disease 2019. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00769-2 id = cord-322773-zimkzbr1 author = Beloncle, François M. title = Recruitability and effect of PEEP in SARS-Cov-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome date = 2020-05-12 keywords = peep summary = In a large series of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2)-associated respiratory failure, the majority of intubated Open Access *Correspondence: francois.beloncle@univ-angers.fr 1 Département de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, CHU d'' Angers, Université d'' Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France Full list of author information is available at the end of the article patients were ventilated with high level of positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP) [1] . In the present series of 25 SARS-Cov-2-associated ARDS, the initial respiratory mechanics assessment performed soon after intubation at PEEP 15 cmH 2 O and 5 cmH 2 O allowed to identify 16 patients as potentially highly recruitable and 9 as poorly recruitable based on the previously reported R/I ratio [7] . In this series of SARS-Cov2-associated ARDS, early respiratory mechanics assessment (at 15 and 5 cmH 2 O of PEEP) and R/I ratio calculation showed a mix of highly recruitable and poorly recruitable patients. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00675-7 id = cord-280965-x5ffw843 author = Damiani, Elisa title = Comment on “Respiratory mechanics and gas exchanges in the early course of COVID-19 ARDS: a hypothesis-generating study” date = 2020-10-23 keywords = ARDS summary = title: Comment on "Respiratory mechanics and gas exchanges in the early course of COVID-19 ARDS: a hypothesis-generating study" on the evaluation of respiratory mechanics and gas exchanges in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 that was recently published in the Annals of Intensive Care [1] . In 22 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS, the authors observed high physiological dead space (V D /V T ) and ventilatory ratio (VR). In a recent report, we described the sublingual microcirculation of mechanically ventilated patients with severe SARS-COV-2 pneumonia and showed an inverse correlation between perfused vessel density (PVD) and D-dimers [4] . Respiratory mechanics and gas exchanges in the early course of COVID-19 ARDS: a hypothesis-generating study Microcirculatory dysfunction and dead-space ventilation in early ARDS: a hypothesis-generating observational study All authors read and approved the final manuscript. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00765-6 id = cord-025157-7b3v5yct author = Darreau, C. title = Use, timing and factors associated with tracheal intubation in septic shock: a prospective multicentric observational study date = 2020-05-24 keywords = intubation; patient summary = In the multivariate analysis, seven parameters were significantly associated with early intubation and ranked as follows by decreasing weight: Glasgow score, center effect, use of accessory respiratory muscles, lactate level, vasopressor dose, pH and inability to clear tracheal secretions. Several arguments have been put forward in favor of early ventilatory support in septic shock patients, as part of the bundle that should be introduced in the first hours Open Access *Correspondence: nicolas.lerolle@univ-angers.fr 31 Medical Intensive Care Unit, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France Full list of author information is available at the end of the article of care together with antibiotic, fluid, and vasopressor use. To assess use, timing and factors associated with tracheal intubation in septic shock patients, we conducted a multicenter observational prospective study in 30 intensive care units (ICUs) in France and Spain. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00668-6 id = cord-029136-mbqncen1 author = De Pascale, Gennaro title = Pharmacokinetics of high-dose tigecycline in critically ill patients with severe infections date = 2020-07-13 keywords = AUC; TGC summary = Critically ill adult patients were considered eligible for the study when the attending physician prescribed TGC as empirical treatment (within 12 h from microbiological sampling) of a possible MDR infection, or as targeted therapy based on definitive results, in the absence of any exclusion criteria: known TGC allergy, creatinine clearance less than 40 mL/min (calculated according to the Cocrockft-Gault formula) apart from those ones who were anuric and on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), hyperbilirubinemia (bilirubin level higher than 3 mg/dL), severe hepatic failure (Child-Pugh C), little chance of survival as defined by the Simplified Acute Physiology 2 (SAPS 2) score > 80, concomitant treatment with other drugs that can potentially interfere with TGC (i.e., rifampin and cyclosporine). Our study is the first investigation where not only plasmatic but also pulmonary tigecycline concentrations are investigated during the treatment of severe infections in critically ill patients with high-dose TGC. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00715-2 id = cord-279440-0mn5b0vv author = Diehl, J-L title = Response to Damiani and colleagues date = 2020-10-14 keywords = ARDS summary = have put our results in perspective with their own published observations of an inverse relationship between sublingual perfused vessel density and D-dimers in mechanically ventilated patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. To explore if COVID-19 ARDS patients could exhibit a lung-specific microvascular response to high PEEP levels, as compared to non-COVID-19 ARDS patients, seems to be an important field of investigation. One important point is that the very vast majority of studies in COVID-19 ARDS patients used, by convenience, ventilatory ratio (VR) as a marker of impaired ventilatory efficacy, as mentioned in Damiani''s comment, rather than dead space measurements. Finally, it will be important to further precisely investigate the relationship between dead space measurements, with a special focus on indicators of alveolar dead space, and markers of endothelial dysfunction, such as bio-markers (such as CECs and D-dimers) and innovative methods such as the video-microscopy methods used by Damiani and colleagues. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00757-6 id = cord-032831-mupxzffk author = Diehl, J.-L. title = Physiological effects of adding ECCO(2)R to invasive mechanical ventilation for COPD exacerbations date = 2020-09-29 keywords = COPD; ECCO; IMV summary = We aimed to evaluate in such patients the effects of a low-to-middle extracorporeal blood flow device on both gas exchanges and dynamic hyperinflation, as well as on work of breathing (WOB) during the IMV weaning process. In the present study, we hypothesized that the addition of ECCO 2 R at the early phase of IMV could both improve gas exchanges and could also permit to diminish respiratory rate (RR), therefore, minimizing dynamic hyperinflation in AE-COPD patients. Accordingly, there was a decrease in native lungs'' CO 2 elimination, which, in conjunction with RR adjustment, permitted to improve arterial pH and to obtain a median absolute decrease in PaCO 2 of 19 mmHg. This could be beneficial at the early stage of IMV in AE COPD patients, mainly by minimizing the deleterious effects of acute hypercapnia on ventilator demands, therefore, allowing to shorten deep sedation periods and to rapidly initiate the IMV weaning process. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00743-y id = cord-306315-vt2e0crh author = Elabbadi, Alexandre title = Respiratory virus-associated infections in HIV-infected adults admitted to the intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure: a 6-year bicenter retrospective study (HIV-VIR study) date = 2020-09-14 keywords = CD4; HIV; ICU; respiratory summary = CONCLUSIONS: Viruses are frequently identified in the respiratory tract of HIV-infected patients with acute respiratory failure that requires ICU admission, but with a non-viral copathogen in two-thirds of cases. Indeed, using nucleic acid amplification test such as multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR), these pathogens have been shown highly prevalent (20-56%) in large cohorts of adult patients admitted to the ICU for all-cause ARF [7, 8] , community-acquired pneumonia [9, 10] , hospitalacquired pneumonia [11] , acute exacerbation of COPD [12, 13] , and asthma [14] , compared to asymptomatic adults [15, 16] . We investigated whether a respiratory virus-associated infection Table 2 Causative diagnosis of acute respiratory failure in 123 HIV-infected patients admitted to the ICU Data are presented as number (%). Viruses are frequently identified in the respiratory tract of HIV-infected patients with ARF that required ICU admission, but with a non-viral copathogen in two-thirds of cases. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00738-9 id = cord-004002-b35wm2db author = Gaborit, Benjamin Jean title = Outcome and prognostic factors of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in immunocompromised adults: a prospective observational study date = 2019-11-27 keywords = HIV; PJP; Pneumocystis; bal summary = BMI, body mass index; ICU, intensive care unit; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; SAPS2, simplified acute physiology score version 2; SOFA score, sequential organ failure assessment score; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PJP, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia; CRP, C-reactive protein; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PJ, Pneumocystis jirovecii a The total exceeds 100% because some patients had more than one cause of immunodeficiency b Of these 21 patients, 7 followed their prescribed prophylactic regimen (aerosolised pentamidine, n = 6; and atovaquone, n = 1) and 14 did not (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, n = 11; and aerosolised pentamidine, n = 3) Two factors were independently associated with 90-day mortality by multivariate analysis, a worse SOFA score was associated with higher 90-day mortality (OR, 1.05; 95% CI 1.02-1.09; p < 0.001), whereas BAL fluid alveolitis profile was associated with lower 90-day mortality (OR, 0.79; 95% CI 0.65-0.96; p < 0.05) ( Table 3) . doi = 10.1186/s13613-019-0604-x id = cord-346115-xilbhy37 author = Gattinoni, Luciano title = COVID-19: scientific reasoning, pragmatism and emotional bias date = 2020-10-12 keywords = Tobin; covid-19 summary = Yet, we should not be criticized when we suggest that Tobin and co-authors had expressed views that premature intubation in this COVID context is "fatal". For example, recently in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, we can find: "the surest way to increase COVID-19 mortality is the liberal use of intubation and mechanical ventilation" [3] . However, the contention that mechanical ventilation is "the surest way to increase COVID-19 mortality" -is not supported by clinical data and therefore, once again such a statement is yet to be proved or disproved. say "Patients with acute severe asthma develop large pleural Open Access *Correspondence: gattinoniluciano@gmail.com 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Full list of author information is available at the end of the article pressure swings, yet autopsy studies in patients dying because of status asthmaticus are remarkable for the absence of pulmonary edema" [1] . doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00756-7 id = cord-029984-sjvqjoye author = Gaudet, Alexandre title = Accuracy of the clinical pulmonary infection score to differentiate ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis from ventilator-associated pneumonia date = 2020-08-03 keywords = CPIS; VAP; vat summary = CONCLUSIONS: A CPIS value ≥ 7 reproducibly allowed to differentiate VAT from VAP with high specificity and PPV and moderate sensitivity and NPV in our derivation and validation cohorts. Furthermore, such an evaluation should be preferentially performed in 2 independent cohorts to assess its reproducibility, given the heterogeneity in the performances of CPIS for the diagnosis of VAP in ventilated patients [9] , and because this score was not initially developed to distinguish VAT from VAP. Therefore, we aimed in this study to evaluate the accuracy of the CPIS to differentiate VAT from VAP in 2 independent cohorts of patients with microbiologically confirmed VA-LRTI. Data are presented as number (%) or mean (SD) COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SAPS Simplified acute physiology score, SOFA Sequential organ failure assessment, VAP Ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAT Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis p value < 0.05 is indicated in italic characters Clinical outcomes in the derivation and validation cohorts are shown in Table 2 and Additional file 3. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00721-4 id = cord-004438-jjszkq2n author = Gavelli, Francesco title = Transpulmonary thermodilution detects rapid and reversible increases in lung water induced by positive end-expiratory pressure in acute respiratory distress syndrome date = 2020-03-02 keywords = EVLW; TPTD; peep summary = title: Transpulmonary thermodilution detects rapid and reversible increases in lung water induced by positive end-expiratory pressure in acute respiratory distress syndrome PURPOSE: It has been suggested that, by recruiting lung regions and enlarging the distribution volume of the cold indicator, increasing the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may lead to an artefactual overestimation of extravascular lung water (EVLW) by transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD). Many studies have investigated the changes in EVLW induced by a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), which is the cornerstone of ARDS treatment (Additional file 1: Table S1 ). Thus, the goal of our study, conducted in ARDS patients, was to investigate whether the estimation of EVLW by TPTD is artefactually influenced by the lung derecruitment potentially secondary to the decrease in the PEEP level. In our study, the changes in EVLW were the same among patients with high or low derecruitment, when derecruitment was assessed by the PEEP-induced change in lung volume, the method that is today the best one for estimating recruitment/derecruitment at the bedside [36] . doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-0644-2 id = cord-026885-ql57moyi author = Hong, David title = Multidisciplinary team approach in acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation date = 2020-06-16 keywords = ECMO; team summary = BACKGROUND: Limited data are available on the impact of a specialized extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) team on clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS). Particularly, in refractory CS not responding to Open Access *Correspondence: jhysmc@gmail.com † David Hong and Ki Hong Choi contributed equally to this work 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea Full list of author information is available at the end of the article conventional medical therapies, in-hospital mortality rate reaches 50% to 60% [3, 4] and mechanical support such as veno-arterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is recommended in both the latest American Heart Association and the European Society of Cardiology guidelines (classes IIA and IIB, respectively) [5, 6] . doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00701-8 id = cord-004059-furt6xcn author = Hraiech, Sami title = Herpes simplex virus and Cytomegalovirus reactivation among severe ARDS patients under veno-venous ECMO date = 2019-12-23 keywords = CMV; ECMO; HSV summary = However, little is known about herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation occurring in patients with severe ARDS under veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The following data were retrospectively recorded from the patients'' medical file: age, sex, Simplified Acute Physiologic Score II (SAPS II) [21] , Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score [22] , presence of co-morbidities, presence of previous immunosuppression, cause of ARDS, date of MV initiation, date of ECMO implementation, other organ failure associated with ARDS during ICU stay (in particular need for catecholamines or renal replacement therapy), blood transfusion, post-aggressive pulmonary fibrosis (defined by an alveolar procollagen III higher than 9 µg/l) [23] , time of HSV/CMV reactivation, delay between MV and HSV/CMV reactivation, delay between ECMO and HSV/CMV reactivation, duration of MV (from the day of intubation to the day of MV weaning), ECMO duration (from the day of ECMO implementation to its removal or death), ECMO-free days at day 28, ventilator-free days (VFD) at day 28, ICU length of stay [from the day of ICU admission (in the first ICU if the patient was referred from another hospital) to discharge], hospital length of stay [from the admission to hospital (in the original hospital if the patient was referred from another hospital) to discharge to home or to rehabilitation ward], ICU and hospital mortality, acyclovir or ganciclovir treatment after reactivation under ECMO. doi = 10.1186/s13613-019-0616-6 id = cord-291459-m56dy8us author = Hraiech, Sami title = Lack of viral clearance by the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin or lopinavir and ritonavir in SARS-CoV-2-related acute respiratory distress syndrome date = 2020-05-24 keywords = SARS summary = In order to evaluate these results in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, we retrospectively assessed in moderate-to-severe ARDS the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin combination regarding viral disappearance at both day 6 of the treatment and day 6 of evolution of ARDS as compared with patients treated with lopinavir-ritonavir and a control group without any anti-viral treatment. Negative nasopharyngeal PCR for SARS-CoV-2 at day 6 following the initiation of treatment were observed in 5 (38%) patients from the lopinavir-ritonavir group as compared with 3 (18%) patients from the hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin group and 2 (20%) from the control group (p = 0.39). At day 6 following ARDS onset, PCR was negative in only 9 patients, 5 from the lopinavir-ritonavir group, 2 from the hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin group and 2 from the control group. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00678-4 id = cord-030130-n1x6gcn2 author = Hurtado, Daniel E. title = Progression of regional lung strain and heterogeneity in lung injury: assessing the evolution under spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation date = 2020-08-06 keywords = lung; regional summary = title: Progression of regional lung strain and heterogeneity in lung injury: assessing the evolution under spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation BACKGROUND: Protective mechanical ventilation (MV) aims at limiting global lung deformation and has been associated with better clinical outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. We hypothesize that regional deformation in lung injury progresses in time in spontaneous-breathing lungs, whereas it remains uniform in subjects under controlled MV. In this work, we studied the lung regional strain distribution, heterogeneity, and deformation progression in subjects spontaneously breathing and subjects on controlled low-V t MV in a murine lung-injury model. We found that a significant progression in regional volumetric strain and heterogeneity was observed after 3 h of spontaneous breathing in injured lungs. We identified a progression of regional deformation and heterogeneity in injured lungs under spontaneous breathing, but not in low V t MV subjects. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00725-0 id = cord-344647-jr85915d author = Joseph, Adrien title = Acute kidney injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection date = 2020-09-03 keywords = AKI; COVID-19; SARS summary = Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection but data are scarce in ICUs. AKI has been previously reported with an average incidence of 11% (8-17%) overall, with highest ranges in the critically ill (23%; 14-35%) [2] [3] [4] . Different applications of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria for AKI, in particular different methods to estimate missing baseline creatinine and handling urinary output, can cause important variations of estimated incidence [5, 6] and may contribute to the discrepancies among these studies. High levels of IL-6 have been associated with the development of severe disease [24, 25] and acute respiratory distress syndrome [8] during COVID-19 infection, but the role of inflammation markers in COVID-19-induced-AKI remains speculative [7] . Our study suggests a tremendously high incidence of AKI in our cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients, along with an independent association between AKI and outcome. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00734-z id = cord-014538-6a2pviol author = Kamilia, Chtara title = Proceedings of Réanimation 2017, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress date = 2017-01-10 keywords = ARDS; Antoine; Ben; Care; ECMO; EEG; Fig; France; François; ICU; Intensive; January; Jean; Mohamed; NIV; Nicolas; Pierre; VAP; acute; associate; day; group; high; mortality; patient; study summary = doi = 10.1186/s13613-016-0224-7 id = cord-003219-iryb3v0z author = Kao, Kuo-Chin title = Predictors of survival in patients with influenza pneumonia-related severe acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with prone positioning date = 2018-09-24 keywords = ARDS; patient; prone summary = title: Predictors of survival in patients with influenza pneumonia-related severe acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with prone positioning CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, in evaluating the effect of prone positioning in patients with influenza pneumonia-related ARDS, pneumonia severity index, renal replacement therapy and increase in dynamic driving pressure were associated with 60-day mortality in patients with influenza pneumonia-related ARDS receiving prone positioning. After multivariate Cox regression analysis, PSI, renal replacement therapy and increased dynamic driving pressure were associated with 60-day mortality in patients with influenza pneumonia-related ARDS receiving prone positioning. The present study in influenza pneumonia-related ARDS patients receiving prone positioning also found that increased dynamic driving pressure (hazard ratio 1.372, 95% confidence interval 1.095-1.718; p = 0.006) was identified as After multivariate Cox regression analysis, it was found that PSI, renal replacement therapy and increased dynamic driving pressure were associated with 60-day mortality in patients with influenza pneumoniarelated ARDS receiving prone positioning. doi = 10.1186/s13613-018-0440-4 id = cord-269161-6nsvup68 author = Kapoor, Indu title = Vitamins as adjunctive treatment for coronavirus disease! date = 2020-09-29 keywords = vitamin summary = We read with great interest the article by Li et al., where authors have reviewed many therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) [1] . Though authors have not mentioned, another important supplementary adjunct to treat these critically ill patients in intensive care unit is various vitamins. A large systematic review and meta-analysis including 11,321 patients has also shown that vitamin D supplementation is effective against acute respiratory tract infection [6] . Therefore, these vitamins have shown to protect against the acute viral infections and should be the part of adjunctive therapy in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients with COVID-19 The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00748-7 id = cord-345674-wkwqlnz2 author = Kobayashi, Jun title = Nitric oxide inhalation as an interventional rescue therapy for COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome date = 2020-05-20 keywords = COVID-19 summary = Given the extent of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the large numbers of hospitalized patients requiring respiratory support, clinical use of inhaled nitric oxide may become an alternate rescue therapy before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19. While there is no specific recommended antiviral treatment, and vaccines have yet to be developed, the authors provided a powerful pharmacological strategy for the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In this review article, the drug applications for COVID-19 are well described according to disease severity; however, nitric oxide (NO) inhalation therapy, which is not described in this review, may be included in the strategy as a promising therapeutic candidate. Protocol of a randomized controlled trial testing inhaled nitric oxide in mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00681-9 id = cord-325599-2gutb4m1 author = Lapidus, Nathanael title = Biased and unbiased estimation of the average length of stay in intensive care units in the Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-16 keywords = ICU; LOS; covid-19 summary = METHODS: Two estimation methods of ICU_ALOS were compared: the average LOS of already discharged patients at the date of estimation (DPE), and a standard parametric method used for analyzing time-to-event data which fits a given distribution to observed data and includes the censored stays of patients still treated in the ICU at the date of estimation (CPE). In this study, we present a detailed examination of the timeline of the whole cohort of consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to a devoted ICU of the Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University (ZHWU) in which we investigated the evolution of the ALOS estimation according to the accumulation of the cases, using two methods of estimation. The study also recalls that appropriate methods of estimation require the inclusion of censored cases in the analysis, and we also demonstrate the important bias associated with calculations only based on the stays of already discharged patients. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00749-6 id = cord-305582-3hmsknon author = Li, Lei title = Therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-04-20 keywords = COVID-19; MERS; SARS; patient; treatment summary = In the present article, we have summarized the promising drugs, adjunctive agents, respiratory supportive strategies, as well as circulation management, multiple organ function monitoring and appropriate nutritional strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 in the ICU based on the previous experience of treating other viral infections and influenza. According to the latest version of diagnosis and treatment guidelines, confirmed cases infected with 2019-nCoV are classified to have severe illness once complying with one of the following symptoms: (1) anhelation, respiratory rate ≥ 30 times/min; (2) oxygen saturation at rest ≤ 93%; (3) PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg; and classified to be the critical/life-threatening illness once complying with one of the following symptoms: (1) respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation needed; (2) shock; (3) other organ dysfunction syndrome and requirement of intensive care unit admission. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00661-z id = cord-004462-e8fbg6i6 author = Liu, Songqiao title = Optimal mean airway pressure during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in an experimental model of acute respiratory distress syndrome: EIT-based method date = 2020-03-06 keywords = ARDS; EIT; HFOV summary = title: Optimal mean airway pressure during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in an experimental model of acute respiratory distress syndrome: EIT-based method Our objective was to evaluate the air distribution, ventilatory and hemodynamic effects of individual mPaw titration during HFOV in ARDS animal based on oxygenation and electrical impedance tomography (EIT). CONCLUSION: Our data suggested personalized optimal mPaw titration by EIT-based indices improves regional ventilation distribution and lung homogeneity during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. But the ventilation distribution and homogeneity remain unknown toward the methods mentioned above to titrate mPaw. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) might allow the clinician to better adjust these ventilatory settings. In the present study, our objective was to evaluate the air distribution, ventilatory, and hemodynamic effects of individual mPaw titration in HFOV based on oxygenation and EIT. Our data provide personalized optimal mPaw titration in HFOV with EIT-based indices, which may provide a new insight of regional ventilation distribution and lung homogeneity during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-0647-z id = cord-025170-dtbm4ue1 author = Malbrain, Manu L. N. G. title = Intravenous fluid therapy in the perioperative and critical care setting: Executive summary of the International Fluid Academy (IFA) date = 2020-05-24 keywords = SID; effect; fluid; patient; resuscitation summary = Resuscitation fluids are used to correct an intravascular volume deficit or acute hypovolemia; replacement solutions are prescribed to correct existing or developing deficits that cannot be compensated by oral intake alone [6] ; maintenance solutions are indicated in hemodynamically stable patients that are not able/allowed to drink water in order to cover their daily requirements of water and electrolytes [10, 11] . Despite the unexpectedly low volume of crystalloids, the authors found a small difference in the primary outcome, i.e., the incidence of major adverse kidney events within 30 days (composite of death, new renal replacement therapy or persistent renal dysfunction) in favor of balance solutions. Effect of a buffered crystalloid solution vs saline on acute kidney injury among patients in the intensive care unit: The SPLIT randomized clinical trial Effects of fluid resuscitation with colloids vs crystalloids on mortality in critically ill patients presenting with hypovolemic shock: the CRISTAL randomized trial doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00679-3 id = cord-004092-wb150n8w author = Nieman, Gary F. title = Prevention and treatment of acute lung injury with time-controlled adaptive ventilation: physiologically informed modification of airway pressure release ventilation date = 2020-01-06 keywords = ARDS; Fig; TCAV; lung summary = Understanding how ARDS alters the dynamic alveolar inflation physiology enables us to adjust the mechanical breath profile (MB P -all airway pressures, volumes, flows, rates and the time at inspiration and expiration at which they are applied) necessary to minimize VILI [12] . The ARDSnet Low Vt (LVt) method is intended to protect the non-dependent normal lung tissue from overdistension (OD) and reduce alveolar recruitment/ derecruitment (R/D) with positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), while resting severely injured tissue by allowing it to remain collapsed throughout the ventilation cycle [2] . Abbreviations ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; VILI: ventilator-induced lung injury; APRV: airway pressure release ventilation; FRC: functional residual capacity; TCAV: time-controlled adaptive ventilation; CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; TC-PEEP: time controlled-positive end expiratory pressure; T Low : time at low pressure; T High : time at high pressure; P High : pressure at inspiration; P Low : pressure at expiration; PEEP: positive end expiratory pressure; E FT : expiratory flow termination; E FP : expiratory flow peak; RCT : randomized controlled trial; OLA: open lung approach; MB P : mechanical breath pattern; CT: computerized axial tomography. doi = 10.1186/s13613-019-0619-3 id = cord-005511-h5d2v4ga author = Ospina-Tascón, Gustavo A. title = Microcirculatory dysfunction and dead-space ventilation in early ARDS: a hypothesis-generating observational study date = 2020-03-24 keywords = ARDS summary = We sought to evaluate the relationships between dynamic variations in V(D)/V(T) and extra-pulmonary microcirculatory blood flow detected at sublingual mucosa hypothesizing that an altered microcirculation, which is a generalized phenomenon during severe inflammatory conditions, could influence ventilation/perfusion mismatching manifested by increases in V(D)/V(T) fraction during early stages of ARDS. Thus, considering microcirculatory dysfunction during inflammatory conditions as a generalized phenomenon, which may involve systemic and pulmonary vascular beds, we hypothesized that alterations in microvascular blood flow distribution evaluated at the sublingual mucosa as representative of an extra-pulmonary territory could be related to variations in dead-space ventilation V D /V T during early phases of moderate and severe ARDS. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00651-1 id = cord-009600-sb1pgqi8 author = Ospina-Tascón, Gustavo A. title = Diastolic shock index and clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock date = 2020-04-16 keywords = ANDROMEDA; DAP; DSI; SHOCK summary = Thus, we evaluated the relationships between very early HR:DAP ratios (i.e., the diastolic shock index, or DSI, calculated just before or at the start of vasopressor support) and clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock, hypothesizing that very early DSI values could promptly identify patients at high risk of unfavorable outcomes, while persistence of high DSI during the first hours of resuscitation could reflect more severe cardiovascular dysfunction. Our study retrieves four important findings: (a) progressively higher DSI values calculated just before or at the start of vasopressors are associated with a gradual increase in the risk of death in patients with septic shock; (b) isolated low DAP or high HR values do not clearly identify such risk; (c) non-survivors evolve with persistently high DSI values while requiring higher doses of vasopressors and more resuscitation fluids than survivors; (d) Pre-VPs/DSI and VPs/DSI showed similar performance to SOFA score and initial lactate levels to predict mortality, while mean arterial pressure and systolic shock index did not. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00658-8 id = cord-004138-5nvhtqoh author = Pouly, Olivier title = Accuracy of ventilator-associated events for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections date = 2020-01-13 keywords = VAE; VAP summary = VAE and VA-LRTI were associated with significantly longer duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital length of stay. VAE episodes were significantly associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay, but not with ICU mortality. Ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LRTI), including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) are the most common complications in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. However, recent studies and meta-analysis reported poor agreement between VAE, including ventilator-associated conditions (VAC), infection-related ventilator-associated complications (IVAC), or probable VAP (pVAP) [5] [6] [7] . Therefore, we conducted this retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data to determine the agreement between VAE and VA-LRTI, including VAP and VAT. ICU mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay were significantly different between patients with VAP, VAT, or no VA-LRTI (Table 4 ). In patients with VAT, as compared with those with no VA-LRTI, duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay were higher, and ICU mortality was significantly lower. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-0624-6 id = cord-346062-q0trgj12 author = Robert, René title = Ethical dilemmas due to the Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-17 keywords = COVID-19; ICU; care; family; patient summary = The devastating pandemic that has stricken the worldwide population induced an unprecedented influx of patients in ICUs, raising ethical concerns not only surrounding triage and withdrawal of life support decisions, but also regarding family visits and quality of end-of-life support. As a result, four new options never applied to date were considered with the common aim of saving a maximum number of lives: to prioritize ICU beds for patients with the best prognosis; to increase at all costs the number of ICU beds, thereby creating stepdown ICUs; to organize transfer to distant ICUs with more beds available, or to accelerate withdrawal of life support in ICUs. Additionally, to protect the patients'' relatives, visits for families were prohibited or strongly limited and adequate communication between caregivers and families was disrupted, counteracting more than 20 years of research aimed at improving interaction with families and quality of care during EOL [1] . doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00702-7 id = cord-025615-xaehtmjf author = Roesthuis, L. H. title = Recruitment pattern of the diaphragm and extradiaphragmatic inspiratory muscles in response to different levels of pressure support date = 2020-05-29 keywords = EMG; muscle summary = Diaphragm and extradiaphragmatic inspiratory muscle activity increased in response to lower PS levels (36 ± 6% increase for the diaphragm, 30 ± 6% parasternal intercostals, 41 ± 6% scalene, 40 ± 8% sternocleidomastoid, 43 ± 6% alae nasi and 30 ± 6% genioglossus). In previous studies, surface EMG has been used in ventilated ICU patients to evaluate activity of the extradiaphragmatic inspiratory muscles, including alae nasi, parasternal intercostals [26] , scalene [26, 27] , sternocleidomastoid and genioglossus [26] [27] [28] . Therefore, the aim of the current study is to investigate in invasively ventilated ICU patients the recruitment pattern of extradiaphragmatic inspiratory muscles with respect to the diaphragm in response to different inspiratory support levels and to evaluate agreement between activity of the extradiaphragmatic inspiratory muscles and the diaphragm. Keywords: Ventilated critically ill patients, Respiratory drive, Electrical activity of the diaphragm, Extradiaphragmatic inspiratory muscle activity, Surface electromyography EAdi was obtained using a multi-electrode nasogastric catheter. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00684-6 id = cord-316681-b46ycocg author = Rutsaert, Lynn title = COVID-19-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis date = 2020-06-01 keywords = ICU; IPA summary = In our 24-bedded mixed ICU, we have encountered an unexpectedly high number of COVID-19 patients developing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a well-known complication in immunocompromised patients and is encountered frequently in haematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplant recipients [2] . Severe influenza infection is a wellknown risk factor for developing IPA in non-neutropenic patients; a syndrome termed influenza-associated aspergillosis (IAA) [4] [5] [6] . Between March 12th and April 25th 2020, 34 COVID-19 patients were admitted to our ICU, of whom 20 (59%) required invasive mechanical ventilation. In the absence of host factors, as defined by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) diagnostic criteria, invasive or high-risk diagnostics (biopsy, CT scan) are required to support the diagnosis of IPA [7] . Because all patients with clinical features of possible IPA were suffering from severe respiratory failure and hemodynamic instability, we initiated antifungal therapy as soon as cultures or galactomannan assays were positive. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00686-4 id = cord-325461-q8igdvq4 author = Ryan, Donal title = Pulmonary vascular dysfunction in ARDS date = 2014-08-22 keywords = ARDS; PVR; pulmonary; vascular summary = We consider the factors that influence pulmonary arterial pressure, both in normal lungs and in the presence of ARDS, including the important effects of mechanical ventilation. (Am J Respir Crit Care Med 182:1123–1128, 2010) have recently reported that elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and TPG were independently associated with increased mortality in ARDS, in a large trial with protocol-defined management strategies and using lung-protective ventilation. Studies were identified after a literature search using key terms (ARDS or acute respiratory distress or ALI or acute lung injury) together with any of the following: pulmonary haemodynamics, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary vascular dysfunction, right ventricle, right ventricular failure, acute cor pulmonale, or pulmonary artery catheter. There are very few studies which have measured pulmonary vascular resistance in ARDS patients ventilated with lower tidal volumes, perhaps due to the reduction in the use of the pulmonary artery catheter just as lung-protective ventilation was gaining widespread acceptance [60] . doi = 10.1186/s13613-014-0028-6 id = cord-026659-mhe6q1ce author = Sanaie, Sarvin title = A comparison of nasogastric tube insertion by SORT maneuver (sniffing position, NGT orientation, contralateral rotation, and twisting movement) versus neck flexion lateral pressure in critically ill patients admitted to ICU: a prospective randomized clinical trial date = 2020-06-12 keywords = NFLP; NGT; sort summary = title: A comparison of nasogastric tube insertion by SORT maneuver (sniffing position, NGT orientation, contralateral rotation, and twisting movement) versus neck flexion lateral pressure in critically ill patients admitted to ICU: a prospective randomized clinical trial The current study purposed to investigate if SORT maneuver (sniffing position, NGT orientation, contralateral rotation, and twisting movement) increases the success rate of NGT correct placement versus neck flexion lateral pressure (NFLP) method. The present study was carried out to compare NGT insertion by SORT maneuver with neck flexion lateral pressure (NFLP) in critically ill patients admitted to ICU. Another technique Table 2 Comparing the outcomes of interest between the study groups NFLP: neck flexion lateral pressure; SORT: sniffing position, NGT orientation, contralateral rotation, and twisting movement Ease of insertion: I: successful insertion in less than 50 s and in first attempt II: successful insertion in 1st attempt with more than 50 s, or in 2nd attempts with less than 100 s III: successful insertion in 2nd attempts with more than 100 s, or in 3 attempts to overcome the difficulties of blind NGT insertion is considering patients'' anatomical factors. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00696-2 id = cord-316647-jj8anf5g author = Shang, You title = Management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in ICU: statement from front-line intensive care experts in Wuhan, China date = 2020-06-06 keywords = AKI; ARDS; China; ICU; SARS; clinical; covid-19; patient summary = RESULTS: A comprehensive document with 46 statements are presented, including protection of medical personnel, etiological treatment, diagnosis and treatment of tissue and organ functional impairment, psychological interventions, immunity therapy, nutritional support, and transportation of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Statement 8 Convalescent plasma therapy should probably be used for severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 (Grade 2+, weak recommendation). However, critically ill patients with COVID-19 have a longer mechanical ventilation time, and daily sedatives interruption is not suggested for patients receiving deep sedation in order to reduce lung damage during early stage of severe ARDS. Light sedation is suggested for severe COVID-19 patients receiving HFNC oxygen therapy and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and also for critically ill patients in the recovering stage (expert opinion). Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00689-1 id = cord-278993-w5aa0elj author = Tonetti, Tommaso title = Use of critical care resources during the first 2 weeks (February 24–March 8, 2020) of the Covid-19 outbreak in Italy date = 2020-10-12 keywords = ICU; Italy; covid-19; patient summary = We retrospectively studied consecutive critically ill patients with confirmed Covid-19 who were referred to the hospitals of the Lombardy, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna regions during the first 2 weeks of the Italian outbreak (February 24March 8, 2020) . The present study describes how the Italian health-care system of three northern Italian regions responded to the increasing need for clinical resources for critically ill patients during the first 14 days of the Covid-19 outbreak through the 28.7% increase in ICU beds and the increasing use of non-invasive respiratory support outside the ICU. Our data show that, compared to patients admitted to the ICU, patients receiving respiratory support outside the ICU were significantly older, had more comorbidities and had a higher PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio and a lower PaCO 2 . doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00750-z id = cord-002011-u6dfp6gf author = Toubiana, Julie title = Association of REL polymorphisms and outcome of patients with septic shock date = 2016-04-08 keywords = ICU; REL summary = CONCLUSION: In a large ICU population, we report a significant clinical association between a variation in the human REL gene and severity and mortality of septic shock, suggesting for the first time a new insight into the role of cRel in response to infection in humans. Hence, the present study aims to test the hypothesis of an association between clinically significant REL genetic variants and severity of septic shock in a large cohort of well-defined intensive care unit (ICU) patients. In order to study the link between REL SNPs and septic shock severity, we compared acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and MODS frequencies, and VFD value between patients carrying REL rs842647*G and rs13031237*T minor alleles and in those homozygous for the major alleles. This study was the first to investigate the importance of two polymorphisms within REL gene in a large European population of septic shock patients. doi = 10.1186/s13613-016-0130-z id = cord-004284-2prli5s1 author = Vahedian-Azimi, Amir title = Natural versus artificial light exposure on delirium incidence in ARDS patients date = 2020-02-05 keywords = ICU summary = title: Natural versus artificial light exposure on delirium incidence in ARDS patients on the impact of natural light (NL) exposure on delirium-associated outcomes in mechanically ventilated (MV) intensive care unit (ICU) patients [1] . In this single-center, prospective, observational study, the authors report an improvement in the secondary outcomes of hallucination incidence and haloperidol administration for agitation. Here, we report the results of a retrospective secondary analysis of 4200 patients from the mixed medical-surgical ICUs of two academic hospitals to assess the impact of NL exposure on delirium incidence. Impact of natural light exposure on delirium burden in adult patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU: a prospective study Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) Delirium and effect of circadian light in the intensive care unit: a retrospective cohort study doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-0630-8 id = cord-003798-nki2sasr author = Vidaur, Loreto title = Human metapneumovirus as cause of severe community-acquired pneumonia in adults: insights from a ten-year molecular and epidemiological analysis date = 2019-07-24 keywords = ICU; patient; respiratory summary = BACKGROUND: Information on the clinical, epidemiological and molecular characterization of human metapneumovirus in critically ill adult patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and the role of biomarkers identifying bacterial coinfection is scarce. METHODS: This is a retrospective epidemiological study of adult patients with hMPV severe CAP admitted to ICU during a ten-year period with admission PSI score ≥ 3. The main objective of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adults with severe pneumonia caused by hMPV who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission, over a long period of time. Interestingly, three patients (10.7%) were young adult patients without comorbidities and without bacterial coinfection that developed ARDS pointing out a main role of hMPV in the etiology of severe respiratory infections requiring mechanical ventilation. Main characteristics of immunosuppressed adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit due to a severe community-acquired pneumonia associated with human metapneumovirus infection (Guipuzcoa, Basque Country, Spain, 2007-2017). doi = 10.1186/s13613-019-0559-y id = cord-003198-1kw5v6rm author = Vuillard, Constance title = Clinical features and outcome of patients with acute respiratory failure revealing anti-synthetase or anti-MDA-5 dermato-pulmonary syndrome: a French multicenter retrospective study date = 2018-09-11 keywords = ARDS; ICU; patient; syndrome summary = The following data were collected on a standardized anonymized case record form: demographic characteristics (age, gender), severity scores upon ICU admission (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [23] and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II [24] ), main comorbidities, delay between first respiratory sign and ICU admission, clinical examination (respiratory and extra-respiratory manifestations) and laboratory findings at the time of ICU admission (blood leukocytes and platelets counts, serum procalcitonine, C-reactive protein, creatine kinase and creatinine levels, PaO 2 /FiO 2 with FiO 2 calculated according to the following formula [25, 26] : FiO 2 = oxygen flow in liter per minute × 0.04 + 0.21 when standard oxygen was used), radiological findings on chest X-ray and CT scan, cytological and bacteriological analyses of broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, type of positive autoantibodies (Jo-1, PL7, PL12, OJ, EJ, KS, Zo, YRS/Tyr/ Ha or aMDA-5), immunosuppressive treatments received (corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, rituximab, basiliximab, tacrolimus, cyclosporine, methotrexate, intravenous immunoglobulins or plasma exchange), organ supports in the ICU (invasive mechanical ventilation, extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), renal replacement therapy, vasopressors), ICU and hospital length of stay, ICU and hospital mortality. doi = 10.1186/s13613-018-0433-3 id = cord-285130-tcnpskpy author = Wang, Ke title = The experience of high-flow nasal cannula in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in two hospitals of Chongqing, China date = 2020-03-30 keywords = HFNC; NCIP summary = title: The experience of high-flow nasal cannula in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in two hospitals of Chongqing, China Most of the critically ill patients received high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy. Among them, 27 (8.4%) patients experienced severe acute respiratory failure including 17 patients (63%) treated with HFNC as first-line therapy, 9 patients (33%) treated with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and one patient (4%) treated with invasive ventilation. The NCIP patients who required HFNC, NIV or invasive ventilation to improve oxygen were classified as severe acute respiratory failure. In this study, 13% of patients experienced HFNC failure and required NIV as rescue therapy. Abbreviations NCIP: Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia; HFNC: High-flow nasal cannula; NIV: Noninvasive ventilation; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; APACHE II: Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment; RR: Respiratory rate; HR: Heart rate; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; IQR: Interquartile range. doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00653-z id = cord-000812-mu5u5bvj author = Wiesen, Jonathan title = Relative cost and outcomes in the intensive care unit of acute lung injury (ALI) due to pandemic influenza compared with other etiologies: a single-center study date = 2012-08-28 keywords = ALI; H1N1; ICU summary = Based on clinical bedside observations and published reports [4, 5, 8] , we hypothesize that ALI/ARDS secondary to pandemic influenza is associated with similar ICU outcomes but increased resource utilization and higher hospital charges due to the frequent need for rescue interventions and prolonged ventilatory assistance. A Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database was constructed with a complete listing of the patient''s demographic and clinical information, including age, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), presenting symptoms, past medical history, primary reason for admission to the ICU, vital signs, presence of vasopressors, laboratory values, ventilator settings and respiratory parameters, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores on admission to the MICU, number of intubated days, duration of ICU and hospital stay, mortality, and rescue therapies (namely inhaled nitric oxide, proning, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO]) [22] . doi = 10.1186/2110-5820-2-41 id = cord-026421-ygocpnht author = de Jager, Pauline title = Response to the authors date = 2020-06-08 keywords = PARDS summary = High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is used in our unit for any type of PARDS when the patient meets specific criteria as outlined in our manuscript (in summary, peak inspiratory pressure [PIP] > 28-32 cm H 2 O, PEEP > 8 cm H 2 O, FiO 2 > 0.60, and oxygenation index [OI] increases on three consecutive 1-h measurements despite increasing PEEP) [1] . We understand the author''s perspective that HFOV might be more effective in certain types of PARDS, but we advocate that HFOV should not only be considered in case of refractory hypoxaemia, but also when the bedside team wants to prevent ventilator settings becoming toxic. For simplicity, when we implemented the HFOV clinical algorithm in our unit, the advice was to start with 12 Hz in all patients, irrespective of age or PARDS severity and titrate immediately after the lung volume optimisation manoeuvre using the PCO 2 to give direction (e.g. frequency up or down). Lung volume optimization maneuver responses in pediatric high frequency oscillatory ventilation doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00694-4 id = cord-335975-m6lkrehi author = nan title = Proceedings of Réanimation 2018, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress date = 2018-02-05 keywords = AKI; ARDS; CKD; December; ECMO; Fig; ICU; IQR; January; NIV; SAPS; VAP; care; day; group; introduction; mortality; patient; result; sofa; study summary = A qSOFA score relying on 3 simple clinical criteria (respiratory rate, mental status and systolic blood pressure) has been proposed to better identify septic patients with associated higher mortality outside the intensive care unit (Seymour CW et al., JAMA 2016) . We propose to determine whether the arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) at intensive care unit (ICU) admission affects mortality at day 28 (D28) in patients with septic shock subjected to mechanical out-of-hospital ventilation. Conclusion: In this study, we report a significant association between hyperoxemia at ICU admission and mortality at D28 in patients with septic shock subjected to pre-hospital invasive mechanical ventilation. The aim of this study was to describe outcome of pediatric patient with hematologic disease hospitalized in our intensive care unit for respiratory failure and to investigate the clinical variables associated with mortality. doi = 10.1186/s13613-017-0345-7 id = cord-355038-o2hr5mox author = nan title = Proceedings of Réanimation 2020, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress date = 2020-02-11 keywords = AKI; ARDS; CHU; COPD; Care; Correspondence; December; ECMO; Fig; France; Hospital; ICU; IQR; January; NIV; PICU; VAP; day; french; group; high; invitation; method; mortality; patient; rationale; result; sofa; study summary = Conclusion: In patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS, a higher tidal volume under PSV within the 72 h following neuromuscular blockers cessation is independently associated with the 28-day mortality.Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative probability of survival according to the mean tidal volume (Vt)-lower of higher than 8 ml/ kg-under pressure support ventilation (PSV) during the "transition period" transfusion is associated with adverse events, and equipoise remains on the optimal transfusion strategy in oncologic patients in surgical setting. Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. Patients and methods: In a retrospective monocentric study (01/2013-01/2017) conducted in cardio-vascular surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in Henri Mondor teaching hospital, all consecutive adult patients who underwent peripheral VA-ECMO were included, with exclusion of those dying in the first 24 h. Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. Rationale: Acute respiratory failure is the leading reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in immunocompromised patients and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation has become a major clinical end-point in randomized controlled trials (RCT). doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-0623-7