id sid tid token lemma pos cord-020918-056bvngu 1 1 key key JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 1 2 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 1 3 cord-020918 cord-020918 NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 1 4 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 1 5 056bvngu 056bvngu JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 1 6 authors author NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 1 7 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 1 8 Nchabeleng Nchabeleng NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 1 9 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 1 10 Mathibele Mathibele NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 1 11 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 1 12 Byamugisha Byamugisha NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 1 13 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 1 14 Joan Joan NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 1 15 title title NN cord-020918-056bvngu 1 16 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 1 17 Evaluating evaluate VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 1 18 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 1 19 Effectiveness Effectiveness NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 1 20 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 1 21 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 1 22 Standard Standard NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 1 23 Insights Insights NNPS cord-020918-056bvngu 1 24 Extraction Extraction NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 1 25 Pipeline Pipeline NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 1 26 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 1 27 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 1 28 Languages Languages NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 1 29 date date NN cord-020918-056bvngu 1 30 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 1 31 2020 2020 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 1 32 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 1 33 03 03 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 1 34 - - SYM cord-020918-056bvngu 1 35 17 17 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 1 36 journal journal NN cord-020918-056bvngu 1 37 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 1 38 Advances advance NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 1 39 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 1 40 Information Information NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 1 41 Retrieval Retrieval NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 1 42 DOI DOI NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 1 43 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 1 44 10.1007/978 10.1007/978 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 1 45 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 1 46 3 3 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 1 47 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 1 48 030 030 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 1 49 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 1 50 45439 45439 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 1 51 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 1 52 5_11 5_11 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 1 53 sha sha NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 1 54 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 1 55 c663e5b83135937b7e702835496abfc5ba5cc338 c663e5b83135937b7e702835496abfc5ba5cc338 NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 1 56 doc_id doc_id NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 1 57 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 1 58 20918 20918 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 1 59 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 1 60 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 1 61 056bvngu 056bvngu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 2 1 Extracting extract VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 2 2 insights insight NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 2 3 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 2 4 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 2 5 obtained obtain VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 2 6 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 2 7 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 2 8 web web NN cord-020918-056bvngu 2 9 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 2 10 order order NN cord-020918-056bvngu 2 11 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 2 12 identify identify VB cord-020918-056bvngu 2 13 people people NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 2 14 ’s ’s POS cord-020918-056bvngu 2 15 views view NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 2 16 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 2 17 opinions opinion NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 2 18 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 2 19 various various JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 2 20 topics topic NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 2 21 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 2 22 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 2 23 growing grow VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 2 24 practice practice NN cord-020918-056bvngu 2 25 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 3 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 3 2 standard standard JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 3 3 insights insight NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 3 4 extraction extraction NN cord-020918-056bvngu 3 5 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 3 6 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 3 7 typically typically RB cord-020918-056bvngu 3 8 an an DT cord-020918-056bvngu 3 9 unsupervised unsupervised JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 3 10 machine machine NN cord-020918-056bvngu 3 11 learning learn VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 3 12 task task NN cord-020918-056bvngu 3 13 composed compose VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 3 14 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 3 15 processes process NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 3 16 that that WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 3 17 preprocess preprocess VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 3 18 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 3 19 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 3 20 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 3 21 visualize visualize VB cord-020918-056bvngu 3 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 3 23 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 3 24 cluster cluster NN cord-020918-056bvngu 3 25 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 3 26 identify identify VB cord-020918-056bvngu 3 27 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 3 28 topics topic NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 3 29 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 3 30 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 3 31 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 3 32 each each DT cord-020918-056bvngu 3 33 cluster cluster NN cord-020918-056bvngu 3 34 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 3 35 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 3 36 then then RB cord-020918-056bvngu 3 37 graph graph VB cord-020918-056bvngu 3 38 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 3 39 network network NN cord-020918-056bvngu 3 40 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 4 1 Given give VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 4 2 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 4 3 increasing increase VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 4 4 amount amount NN cord-020918-056bvngu 4 5 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 4 6 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 4 7 being be VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 4 8 generated generate VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 4 9 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 4 10 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 4 11 internet internet NN cord-020918-056bvngu 4 12 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 4 13 Africa Africa NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 4 14 today today NN cord-020918-056bvngu 4 15 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 4 16 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 4 17 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 4 18 multilingual multilingual JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 4 19 state state NN cord-020918-056bvngu 4 20 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 4 21 African african JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 4 22 countries country NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 4 23 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 4 24 we -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 4 25 evaluated evaluate VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 4 26 how how WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 4 27 well well RB cord-020918-056bvngu 4 28 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 4 29 standard standard JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 4 30 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 4 31 works work NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 4 32 when when WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 4 33 applied apply VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 4 34 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 4 35 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 4 36 wholly wholly RB cord-020918-056bvngu 4 37 or or CC cord-020918-056bvngu 4 38 partially partially RB cord-020918-056bvngu 4 39 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 4 40 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 4 41 indigenous indigenous JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 4 42 African african JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 4 43 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 4 44 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 4 45 specifically specifically RB cord-020918-056bvngu 4 46 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 4 47 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 4 48 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 5 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 5 2 carried carry VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 5 3 out out RP cord-020918-056bvngu 5 4 an an DT cord-020918-056bvngu 5 5 exploratory exploratory JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 5 6 investigation investigation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 5 7 using use VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 5 8 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 5 9 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 5 10 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 5 11 compared compare VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 5 12 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 5 13 outputs output NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 5 14 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 5 15 each each DT cord-020918-056bvngu 5 16 step step NN cord-020918-056bvngu 5 17 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 5 18 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 5 19 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 5 20 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 5 21 an an DT cord-020918-056bvngu 5 22 English english JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 5 23 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 5 24 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 5 25 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 5 26 mixed mixed JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 5 27 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 5 28 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 5 29 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 5 30 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 6 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 6 2 found find VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 6 3 that that IN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 4 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 5 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 6 6 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 6 7 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 6 8 due due IN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 9 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 6 11 complex complex JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 6 12 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 6 13 structure structure NN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 14 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 6 15 extra extra JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 6 16 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 17 steps step NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 6 18 such such JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 6 19 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 20 part part NN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 21 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 6 22 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 23 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 6 24 speech speech NN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 25 tagging tagging NN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 26 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 6 27 morphological morphological JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 6 28 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 29 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 6 30 required require VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 31 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 32 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 6 33 cleaning cleaning NN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 34 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 6 35 threshold threshold NN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 36 values value NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 6 37 should should MD cord-020918-056bvngu 6 38 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 6 39 adjusted adjust VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 40 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 41 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 42 modeling modeling NN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 43 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 6 44 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 6 45 semantic semantic JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 6 46 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 47 should should MD cord-020918-056bvngu 6 48 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 6 49 performed perform VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 50 before before IN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 51 completing complete VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 6 52 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 53 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 6 54 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 7 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 7 2 growing grow VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 7 3 penetration penetration NN cord-020918-056bvngu 7 4 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 7 5 mobile mobile JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 7 6 telephony telephony NN cord-020918-056bvngu 7 7 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 7 8 internet internet NN cord-020918-056bvngu 7 9 services service NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 7 10 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 7 11 Africa Africa NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 7 12 has have VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 7 13 led lead VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 7 14 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 7 15 an an DT cord-020918-056bvngu 7 16 increased increase VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 7 17 presence presence NN cord-020918-056bvngu 7 18 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 7 19 African african JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 7 20 user user NN cord-020918-056bvngu 7 21 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 7 22 generated generate VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 7 23 content content NN cord-020918-056bvngu 7 24 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 7 25 especially especially RB cord-020918-056bvngu 7 26 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 7 27 social social JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 7 28 media medium NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 7 29 platforms platform NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 7 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 7 31 such such JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 7 32 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 7 33 Facebook Facebook NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 7 34 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 7 35 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 7 36 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 7 37 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 7 38 WhatsApp WhatsApp NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 7 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 7 40 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 8 1 According accord VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 8 2 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 8 3 Internet Internet NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 8 4 World World NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 8 5 Stats Stats NNPS cord-020918-056bvngu 8 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 8 7 8 8 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 8 8 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 8 9 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 8 10 by by IN cord-020918-056bvngu 8 11 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 8 12 end end NN cord-020918-056bvngu 8 13 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 8 14 2018 2018 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 8 15 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 8 16 over over IN cord-020918-056bvngu 8 17 460 460 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 8 18 million million CD cord-020918-056bvngu 8 19 out out IN cord-020918-056bvngu 8 20 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 8 21 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 8 22 continent continent NN cord-020918-056bvngu 8 23 's 's POS cord-020918-056bvngu 8 24 1.3 1.3 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 8 25 billion billion CD cord-020918-056bvngu 8 26 people people NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 8 27 used use VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 8 28 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 8 29 internet internet NN cord-020918-056bvngu 8 30 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 8 31 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 8 32 there there EX cord-020918-056bvngu 8 33 were be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 8 34 over over IN cord-020918-056bvngu 8 35 200 200 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 8 36 million million CD cord-020918-056bvngu 8 37 Facebook Facebook NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 8 38 subscribers subscriber NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 8 39 at at IN cord-020918-056bvngu 8 40 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 8 41 end end NN cord-020918-056bvngu 8 42 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 8 43 2017 2017 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 8 44 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 9 1 This this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 9 2 represents represent VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 9 3 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 9 4 35.2 35.2 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 9 5 % % NN cord-020918-056bvngu 9 6 internet internet NN cord-020918-056bvngu 9 7 penetration penetration NN cord-020918-056bvngu 9 8 rate rate NN cord-020918-056bvngu 9 9 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 9 10 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 9 11 15.5 15.5 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 9 12 % % NN cord-020918-056bvngu 9 13 Facebook Facebook NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 9 14 penetration penetration NN cord-020918-056bvngu 9 15 rate rate NN cord-020918-056bvngu 9 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 9 17 8 8 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 9 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 9 19 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 10 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 10 2 user user NN cord-020918-056bvngu 10 3 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 10 4 generated generate VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 10 5 content content NN cord-020918-056bvngu 10 6 has have VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 10 7 been be VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 10 8 leveraged leverage VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 10 9 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 10 10 obtain obtain VB cord-020918-056bvngu 10 11 insights insight NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 10 12 about about IN cord-020918-056bvngu 10 13 elections election NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 10 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 10 15 23 23 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 10 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 10 17 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 10 18 design design NN cord-020918-056bvngu 10 19 marketing marketing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 10 20 strategies strategy NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 10 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 10 22 1 1 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 10 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 10 24 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 10 25 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 10 26 monitor monitor VB cord-020918-056bvngu 10 27 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 10 28 aftermath aftermath NN cord-020918-056bvngu 10 29 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 10 30 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 10 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 10 32 19 19 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 10 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 10 34 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 11 1 However however RB cord-020918-056bvngu 11 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 11 3 only only RB cord-020918-056bvngu 11 4 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 11 5 content content NN cord-020918-056bvngu 11 6 that that WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 11 7 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 11 8 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 11 9 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 11 10 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 11 11 with with IN cord-020918-056bvngu 11 12 high high JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 11 13 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 11 14 quality quality NN cord-020918-056bvngu 11 15 linguistic linguistic JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 11 16 resources resource NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 11 17 such such JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 11 18 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 11 19 English English NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 11 20 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 11 21 French french JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 11 22 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 11 23 Portuguese portuguese JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 11 24 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 11 25 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 11 26 Arabic Arabic NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 11 27 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 11 28 used use VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 11 29 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 11 30 such such JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 11 31 analyses analysis NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 11 32 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 11 33 content content NN cord-020918-056bvngu 11 34 generated generate VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 11 35 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 11 36 indigenous indigenous JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 11 37 African african JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 11 38 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 11 39 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 11 40 largely largely RB cord-020918-056bvngu 11 41 excluded exclude VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 11 42 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 12 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 12 2 has have VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 12 3 been be VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 12 4 found find VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 12 5 that that IN cord-020918-056bvngu 12 6 even even RB cord-020918-056bvngu 12 7 though though IN cord-020918-056bvngu 12 8 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 12 9 amount amount NN cord-020918-056bvngu 12 10 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 12 11 content content NN cord-020918-056bvngu 12 12 generated generate VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 12 13 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 12 14 indigenous indigenous JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 12 15 African african JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 12 16 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 12 17 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 12 18 significantly significantly RB cord-020918-056bvngu 12 19 lower low JJR cord-020918-056bvngu 12 20 than than IN cord-020918-056bvngu 12 21 non non JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 12 22 - - JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 12 23 indigenous indigenous JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 12 24 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 12 25 content content NN cord-020918-056bvngu 12 26 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 12 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 12 28 nonetheless nonetheless RB cord-020918-056bvngu 12 29 contains contain VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 12 30 valuable valuable JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 12 31 insights insight NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 12 32 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 12 33 especially especially RB cord-020918-056bvngu 12 34 relevant relevant JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 12 35 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 12 36 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 12 37 local local JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 12 38 context context NN cord-020918-056bvngu 12 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 12 40 12 12 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 12 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 12 42 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 13 1 Hence hence RB cord-020918-056bvngu 13 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 13 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 13 4 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 13 5 extremely extremely RB cord-020918-056bvngu 13 6 important important JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 13 7 that that IN cord-020918-056bvngu 13 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 13 9 develop develop VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 13 10 resources resource NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 13 11 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 13 12 tools tool NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 13 13 that that WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 13 14 can can MD cord-020918-056bvngu 13 15 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 13 16 used use VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 13 17 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 13 18 parse parse VB cord-020918-056bvngu 13 19 out out RP cord-020918-056bvngu 13 20 useful useful JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 13 21 information information NN cord-020918-056bvngu 13 22 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 13 23 free free JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 13 24 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 13 25 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 13 26 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 13 27 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 13 28 any any DT cord-020918-056bvngu 13 29 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 13 30 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 14 1 In in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 2 this this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 14 3 paper paper NN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 4 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 14 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 14 6 investigated investigate VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 14 7 whether whether IN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 8 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 14 9 standard standard JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 14 10 insights insight NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 14 11 extraction extraction NN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 12 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 13 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 14 14 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 14 15 when when WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 14 16 applied apply VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 17 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 18 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 14 19 single single JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 14 20 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 21 family family NN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 22 indigenous indigenous JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 14 23 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 24 Africa Africa NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 14 25 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 14 26 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 14 27 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 14 28 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 14 29 using use VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 14 30 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 14 31 following follow VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 14 32 questions question NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 14 33 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 14 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 14 35 1 1 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 14 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 14 37 how how WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 14 38 well well RB cord-020918-056bvngu 14 39 does do VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 14 40 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 14 41 standard standard JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 14 42 insights insight NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 14 43 extraction extraction NN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 44 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 45 apply apply VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 14 46 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 47 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 14 48 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 14 49 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 14 50 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 14 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 14 52 2 2 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 14 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 14 54 if if IN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 55 found find VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 56 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 14 57 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 14 58 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 14 59 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 14 60 why why WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 14 61 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 14 62 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 14 63 how how WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 14 64 can can MD cord-020918-056bvngu 14 65 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 14 66 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 67 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 14 68 modified modify VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 69 so so IN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 70 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 71 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 14 72 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 14 73 applicable applicable JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 14 74 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 14 75 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 14 76 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 14 77 ? ? . cord-020918-056bvngu 15 1 Two two CD cord-020918-056bvngu 15 2 datasets dataset NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 15 3 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 15 4 20,000 20,000 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 15 5 tweets tweet NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 15 6 each each DT cord-020918-056bvngu 15 7 were be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 15 8 included include VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 15 9 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 15 10 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 15 11 study study NN cord-020918-056bvngu 15 12 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 15 13 one one CD cord-020918-056bvngu 15 14 was be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 15 15 comprised comprise VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 15 16 solely solely RB cord-020918-056bvngu 15 17 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 15 18 English english JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 15 19 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 15 20 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 15 21 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 15 22 other other JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 15 23 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 15 24 mixed mixed JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 15 25 batch batch NN cord-020918-056bvngu 15 26 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 15 27 six six CD cord-020918-056bvngu 15 28 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 15 29 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 15 30 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 15 31 English english JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 15 32 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 15 33 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 16 1 Both both DT cord-020918-056bvngu 16 2 datasets dataset NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 16 3 were be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 16 4 analysed analyse VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 16 5 using use VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 16 6 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 16 7 seven seven CD cord-020918-056bvngu 16 8 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 16 9 step step NN cord-020918-056bvngu 16 10 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 16 11 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 16 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 16 13 1 1 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 16 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 16 15 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 16 16 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 16 17 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 16 18 normalization normalization NN cord-020918-056bvngu 16 19 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 16 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 16 21 2 2 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 16 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 16 23 dimensionality dimensionality NN cord-020918-056bvngu 16 24 reduction reduction NN cord-020918-056bvngu 16 25 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 16 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 16 27 3 3 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 16 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 16 29 visualization visualization NN cord-020918-056bvngu 16 30 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 16 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 16 32 4 4 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 16 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 16 34 clustering clustering NN cord-020918-056bvngu 16 35 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 16 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 16 37 5 5 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 16 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 16 39 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 16 40 modeling modeling NN cord-020918-056bvngu 16 41 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 16 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 16 43 6 6 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 16 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 16 45 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 16 46 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 16 47 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 16 48 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 16 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 16 50 7 7 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 16 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 16 52 network network NN cord-020918-056bvngu 16 53 graphing graphing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 16 54 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 16 55 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 16 56 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 16 57 differences difference NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 16 58 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 16 59 outcomes outcome NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 16 60 were be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 16 61 measured measure VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 16 62 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 17 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 17 2 found find VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 17 3 that that DT cord-020918-056bvngu 17 4 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 17 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 17 6 1 1 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 17 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 17 8 there there EX cord-020918-056bvngu 17 9 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 17 10 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 17 11 need need NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 12 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 17 13 differentiate differentiate VB cord-020918-056bvngu 17 14 between between IN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 15 conjunctively conjunctively RB cord-020918-056bvngu 17 16 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 17 17 disjunctively disjunctively RB cord-020918-056bvngu 17 18 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 19 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 17 20 ; ; , cord-020918-056bvngu 17 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 17 22 2 2 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 17 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 17 24 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 25 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 26 should should MD cord-020918-056bvngu 17 27 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 17 28 performed perform VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 29 before before IN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 30 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 31 stemming stem VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 17 32 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 33 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 34 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 35 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 17 36 before before IN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 37 any any DT cord-020918-056bvngu 17 38 present present JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 17 39 negation negation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 40 morpheme morpheme NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 41 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 17 42 removed remove VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 43 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 17 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 17 45 3 3 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 17 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 17 47 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 48 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 49 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 50 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 17 51 normalization normalization NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 52 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 17 53 stemming stem VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 17 54 verbs verb NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 17 55 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 17 56 adjectives adjective NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 17 57 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 17 58 crucial crucial JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 17 59 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 60 avoiding avoid VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 17 61 very very RB cord-020918-056bvngu 17 62 high high JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 17 63 levels level NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 17 64 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 65 sparsity sparsity NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 66 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 67 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 17 68 representation representation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 69 matrix matrix NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 70 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 17 71 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 17 72 4 4 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 17 73 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 17 74 stemming stem VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 17 75 nouns noun NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 17 76 must must MD cord-020918-056bvngu 17 77 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 17 78 avoided avoid VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 79 so so IN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 80 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 81 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 17 82 prevent prevent VB cord-020918-056bvngu 17 83 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 17 84 loss loss NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 85 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 86 important important JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 17 87 semantic semantic JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 17 88 information information NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 89 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 17 90 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 17 91 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 17 92 5 5 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 17 93 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 17 94 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 95 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 96 modeling modeling NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 97 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 17 98 some some DT cord-020918-056bvngu 17 99 threshold threshold NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 100 values value NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 17 101 must must MD cord-020918-056bvngu 17 102 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 17 103 adjusted adjust VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 104 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 17 105 account account VB cord-020918-056bvngu 17 106 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 107 agglutination agglutination NN cord-020918-056bvngu 17 108 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 18 1 This this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 18 2 evaluation evaluation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 18 3 has have VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 18 4 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 18 5 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 18 6 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 18 7 best good JJS cord-020918-056bvngu 18 8 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 18 9 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 18 10 knowledge knowledge NN cord-020918-056bvngu 18 11 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 18 12 never never RB cord-020918-056bvngu 18 13 been be VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 18 14 done do VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 18 15 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 18 16 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 18 17 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 18 18 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 19 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 19 2 rest rest NN cord-020918-056bvngu 19 3 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 19 4 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 19 5 paper paper NN cord-020918-056bvngu 19 6 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 19 7 arranged arrange VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 19 8 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 19 9 follows follow VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 19 10 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 19 11 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 19 12 Sect Sect NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 19 13 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 20 1 2 2 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 20 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 20 3 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 20 4 brief brief JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 20 5 background background NN cord-020918-056bvngu 20 6 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 20 7 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 20 8 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 20 9 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 20 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 20 11 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 20 12 structure structure NN cord-020918-056bvngu 20 13 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 20 14 presented present VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 20 15 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 20 16 Sect Sect NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 20 17 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 21 1 3 3 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 21 2 presents present VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 21 3 related related JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 21 4 work work NN cord-020918-056bvngu 21 5 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 21 6 extracting extract VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 21 7 insights insight NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 21 8 using use VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 21 9 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 21 10 standard standard JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 21 11 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 21 12 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 21 13 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 21 14 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 21 15 methods method NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 21 16 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 21 17 investigation investigation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 21 18 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 21 19 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 21 20 results result NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 21 21 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 21 22 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 21 23 evaluation evaluation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 21 24 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 21 25 presented present VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 21 26 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 21 27 Sect Sect NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 21 28 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 22 1 4 4 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 22 2 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 23 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 23 2 implications implication NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 23 3 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 23 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 23 5 findings finding NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 23 6 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 23 7 discussed discuss VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 23 8 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 23 9 Sect Sect NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 23 10 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 24 1 5 5 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 24 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 24 3 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 24 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 24 5 conclude conclude VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 24 6 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 24 7 Sect Sect NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 24 8 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 25 1 6 6 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 25 2 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 26 1 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 26 2 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 26 3 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 26 4 indigenous indigenous JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 26 5 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 26 6 Africa Africa NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 26 7 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 26 8 geographically geographically RB cord-020918-056bvngu 26 9 extending extend VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 26 10 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 26 11 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 26 12 south south NN cord-020918-056bvngu 26 13 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 26 14 below below IN cord-020918-056bvngu 26 15 Nigeria Nigeria NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 26 16 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 26 17 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 26 18 most most JJS cord-020918-056bvngu 26 19 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 26 20 central central JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 26 21 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 26 22 east east NN cord-020918-056bvngu 26 23 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 26 24 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 26 25 southern southern JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 26 26 Africa Africa NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 26 27 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 26 28 they -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 26 29 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 26 30 found find VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 26 31 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 26 32 27 27 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 26 33 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 26 34 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 26 35 continent continent NN cord-020918-056bvngu 26 36 's 's POS cord-020918-056bvngu 26 37 54 54 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 26 38 countries country NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 26 39 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 26 40 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 26 41 range range VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 26 42 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 26 43 number number NN cord-020918-056bvngu 26 44 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 26 45 300 300 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 26 46 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 26 47 680 680 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 26 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 26 49 21 21 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 26 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 26 51 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 27 1 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 27 2 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 27 3 have have VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 27 4 an an DT cord-020918-056bvngu 27 5 agglutinating agglutinating JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 27 6 morphology morphology NN cord-020918-056bvngu 27 7 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 27 8 where where WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 27 9 words word NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 27 10 consist consist VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 27 11 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 27 12 several several JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 27 13 morphemes morpheme NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 27 14 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 27 15 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 27 16 each each DT cord-020918-056bvngu 27 17 affix affix VB cord-020918-056bvngu 27 18 agglutinated agglutinate VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 27 19 with with IN cord-020918-056bvngu 27 20 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 27 21 root root NN cord-020918-056bvngu 27 22 word word NN cord-020918-056bvngu 27 23 carries carry VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 27 24 meaning mean VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 27 25 such such JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 27 26 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 27 27 tense tense JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 27 28 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 27 29 aspect aspect NN cord-020918-056bvngu 27 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 27 31 21 21 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 27 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 27 33 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 28 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 28 2 writing writing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 28 3 system system NN cord-020918-056bvngu 28 4 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 28 5 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 28 6 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 28 7 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 28 8 either either CC cord-020918-056bvngu 28 9 conjunctive conjunctive JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 28 10 or or CC cord-020918-056bvngu 28 11 disjunctive disjunctive JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 28 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 28 13 25 25 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 28 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 28 15 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 29 1 In in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 29 2 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 29 3 former former JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 29 4 case case NN cord-020918-056bvngu 29 5 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 29 6 several several JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 29 7 orthographic orthographic JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 29 8 words word NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 29 9 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 29 10 ' ' '' cord-020918-056bvngu 30 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 30 2 love love VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 30 3 them -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 30 4 ' ' '' cord-020918-056bvngu 30 5 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 30 6 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 30 7 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 30 8 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 30 9 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 30 10 single single JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 30 11 word word NN cord-020918-056bvngu 30 12 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 30 13 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 30 14 example example NN cord-020918-056bvngu 30 15 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 30 16 Mbakunda Mbakunda NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 30 17 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 30 18 Runyankore Runyankore NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 30 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 30 20 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 30 21 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 30 22 indigenous indigenous JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 30 23 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 30 24 Uganda Uganda NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 30 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 30 26 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 31 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 31 2 latter latter JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 31 3 case case NN cord-020918-056bvngu 31 4 writes write VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 31 5 different different JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 31 6 orthographic orthographic JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 31 7 words word NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 31 8 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 31 9 separate separate JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 31 10 words word NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 31 11 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 32 1 For for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 32 2 example example NN cord-020918-056bvngu 32 3 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 32 4 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 32 5 same same JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 32 6 translation translation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 32 7 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 32 8 ' ' '' cord-020918-056bvngu 32 9 I -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 32 10 love love VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 32 11 them -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 32 12 ' ' '' cord-020918-056bvngu 32 13 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 32 14 Kea Kea NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 32 15 ba ba NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 32 16 rata rata NN cord-020918-056bvngu 32 17 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 32 18 Sepedi Sepedi NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 32 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 32 20 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 32 21 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 32 22 indigenous indigenous JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 32 23 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 32 24 South South NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 32 25 Africa Africa NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 32 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 32 27 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 33 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 33 2 hallmark hallmark NN cord-020918-056bvngu 33 3 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 33 4 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 33 5 nominal nominal JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 33 6 morphology morphology NN cord-020918-056bvngu 33 7 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 33 8 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 33 9 noun noun NN cord-020918-056bvngu 33 10 class class NN cord-020918-056bvngu 33 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 33 12 NC NC NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 33 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 33 14 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 33 15 where where WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 33 16 all all DT cord-020918-056bvngu 33 17 nouns noun NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 33 18 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 33 19 assigned assign VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 33 20 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 33 21 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 33 22 class class NN cord-020918-056bvngu 33 23 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 33 24 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 33 25 there there EX cord-020918-056bvngu 33 26 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 33 27 over over IN cord-020918-056bvngu 33 28 20 20 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 33 29 NCs nc NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 33 30 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 33 31 although although IN cord-020918-056bvngu 33 32 some some DT cord-020918-056bvngu 33 33 have have VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 33 34 fallen fall VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 33 35 into into IN cord-020918-056bvngu 33 36 disuse disuse NN cord-020918-056bvngu 33 37 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 33 38 most most JJS cord-020918-056bvngu 33 39 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 33 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 33 41 17 17 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 33 42 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 33 43 21 21 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 33 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 33 45 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 34 1 A a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 34 2 simple simple JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 34 3 noun noun NN cord-020918-056bvngu 34 4 comprises comprise VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 34 5 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 34 6 prefix prefix NN cord-020918-056bvngu 34 7 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 34 8 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 34 9 stem stem NN cord-020918-056bvngu 34 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 34 11 11 11 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 34 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 34 13 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 34 14 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 34 15 example example NN cord-020918-056bvngu 34 16 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 34 17 omuntu omuntu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 34 18 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 34 19 ' ' '' cord-020918-056bvngu 34 20 person person NN cord-020918-056bvngu 34 21 ' ' '' cord-020918-056bvngu 34 22 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 34 23 Runyankore Runyankore NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 34 24 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 34 25 can can MD cord-020918-056bvngu 34 26 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 34 27 analyzed analyze VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 34 28 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 34 29 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 34 30 prefix prefix NN cord-020918-056bvngu 34 31 o o NN cord-020918-056bvngu 34 32 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 34 33 mu mu NN cord-020918-056bvngu 34 34 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 34 35 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 34 36 stem stem VB cord-020918-056bvngu 34 37 -ntu -ntu ADD cord-020918-056bvngu 34 38 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 35 1 However however RB cord-020918-056bvngu 35 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 35 3 not not RB cord-020918-056bvngu 35 4 all all DT cord-020918-056bvngu 35 5 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 35 6 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 35 7 have have VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 35 8 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 35 9 initial initial JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 35 10 vowel vowel NN cord-020918-056bvngu 35 11 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 35 12 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 35 13 prefix prefix NN cord-020918-056bvngu 35 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 35 15 11 11 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 35 16 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 35 17 17 17 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 35 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 35 19 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 35 20 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 35 21 example example NN cord-020918-056bvngu 35 22 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 35 23 ' ' `` cord-020918-056bvngu 35 24 person person NN cord-020918-056bvngu 35 25 ' ' '' cord-020918-056bvngu 35 26 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 35 27 Sepedi Sepedi NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 35 28 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 35 29 motho motho NN cord-020918-056bvngu 35 30 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 35 31 with with IN cord-020918-056bvngu 35 32 prefix prefix NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 35 33 mo mo NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 35 34 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 35 35 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 35 36 stem stem NN cord-020918-056bvngu 35 37 -tho -tho : cord-020918-056bvngu 35 38 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 36 1 Noun noun NN cord-020918-056bvngu 36 2 classes class NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 36 3 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 36 4 also also RB cord-020918-056bvngu 36 5 at at IN cord-020918-056bvngu 36 6 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 36 7 heart heart NN cord-020918-056bvngu 36 8 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 36 9 an an DT cord-020918-056bvngu 36 10 extensive extensive JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 36 11 system system NN cord-020918-056bvngu 36 12 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 36 13 concordial concordial JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 36 14 agreement agreement NN cord-020918-056bvngu 36 15 that that WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 36 16 governs govern VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 36 17 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 36 18 agreement agreement NN cord-020918-056bvngu 36 19 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 36 20 verbs verb NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 36 21 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 36 22 adjectives adjective NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 36 23 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 36 24 possessives possessive NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 36 25 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 36 26 subject subject NN cord-020918-056bvngu 36 27 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 36 28 object object NN cord-020918-056bvngu 36 29 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 36 30 etc etc FW cord-020918-056bvngu 36 31 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 37 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 37 2 11 11 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 37 3 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 37 4 25 25 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 37 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 37 6 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 37 7 this this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 37 8 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 37 9 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 37 10 pivotal pivotal JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 37 11 constituent constituent NN cord-020918-056bvngu 37 12 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 37 13 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 37 14 whole whole JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 37 15 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 37 16 sentence sentence NN cord-020918-056bvngu 37 17 structure structure NN cord-020918-056bvngu 37 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 37 19 25 25 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 37 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 37 21 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 38 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 38 2 morphological morphological JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 38 3 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 38 4 phonological phonological JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 38 5 structure structure NN cord-020918-056bvngu 38 6 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 38 7 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 38 8 verbs verbs NN cord-020918-056bvngu 38 9 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 38 10 very very RB cord-020918-056bvngu 38 11 regular regular JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 38 12 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 38 13 most most JJS cord-020918-056bvngu 38 14 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 38 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 38 16 20 20 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 38 17 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 38 18 24 24 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 38 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 38 20 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 38 21 with with IN cord-020918-056bvngu 38 22 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 38 23 typical typical JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 38 24 verbal verbal JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 38 25 form form NN cord-020918-056bvngu 38 26 consisting consist VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 38 27 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 38 28 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 38 29 one one CD cord-020918-056bvngu 38 30 or or CC cord-020918-056bvngu 38 31 more more RBR cord-020918-056bvngu 38 32 bound bind VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 38 33 morphemes morpheme NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 38 34 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 38 35 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 38 36 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 38 37 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 38 38 root root NN cord-020918-056bvngu 38 39 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 38 40 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 38 41 one one CD cord-020918-056bvngu 38 42 or or CC cord-020918-056bvngu 38 43 more more JJR cord-020918-056bvngu 38 44 extensions extension NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 38 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 38 46 24 24 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 38 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 38 48 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 39 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 39 2 morphemes morpheme NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 39 3 preceding precede VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 39 4 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 39 5 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 39 6 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 39 7 root root NN cord-020918-056bvngu 39 8 specify specify VB cord-020918-056bvngu 39 9 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 39 10 person person NN cord-020918-056bvngu 39 11 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 39 12 noun noun NN cord-020918-056bvngu 39 13 class class NN cord-020918-056bvngu 39 14 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 39 15 tense tense JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 39 16 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 39 17 aspect aspect NN cord-020918-056bvngu 39 18 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 39 19 time time NN cord-020918-056bvngu 39 20 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 39 21 negation negation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 39 22 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 39 23 etc etc FW cord-020918-056bvngu 39 24 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 40 1 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 40 2 while while IN cord-020918-056bvngu 40 3 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 40 4 extensions extension NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 40 5 specify specify VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 40 6 valency valency NN cord-020918-056bvngu 40 7 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 40 8 changing change VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 40 9 categories category NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 40 10 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 40 11 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 40 12 arguments argument NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 40 13 controlled control VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 40 14 by by IN cord-020918-056bvngu 40 15 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 40 16 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 40 17 - - : cord-020918-056bvngu 40 18 which which WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 40 19 can can MD cord-020918-056bvngu 40 20 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 40 21 as as RB cord-020918-056bvngu 40 22 many many JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 40 23 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 40 24 eleven eleven CD cord-020918-056bvngu 40 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 40 26 24 24 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 40 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 40 28 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 41 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-020918-056bvngu 41 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 41 3 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 41 4 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 41 5 typically typically RB cord-020918-056bvngu 41 6 have have VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 41 7 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 41 8 large large JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 41 9 number number NN cord-020918-056bvngu 41 10 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 41 11 tenses tense NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 41 12 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 41 13 with with IN cord-020918-056bvngu 41 14 up up IN cord-020918-056bvngu 41 15 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 41 16 four four CD cord-020918-056bvngu 41 17 observed observe VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 41 18 past past IN cord-020918-056bvngu 41 19 tenses tense NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 41 20 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 41 21 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 41 22 up up IN cord-020918-056bvngu 41 23 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 41 24 three three CD cord-020918-056bvngu 41 25 observed observed JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 41 26 discrete discrete JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 41 27 future future JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 41 28 tenses tense NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 41 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 41 30 20 20 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 41 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 41 32 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 42 1 This this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 42 2 complex complex JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 42 3 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 42 4 structure structure NN cord-020918-056bvngu 42 5 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 42 6 partly partly RB cord-020918-056bvngu 42 7 what what WP cord-020918-056bvngu 42 8 has have VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 42 9 led lead VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 42 10 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 42 11 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 42 12 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 42 13 being be VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 42 14 largely largely RB cord-020918-056bvngu 42 15 computationally computationally RB cord-020918-056bvngu 42 16 under under RB cord-020918-056bvngu 42 17 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 42 18 resourced resourced JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 42 19 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 42 20 despite despite IN cord-020918-056bvngu 42 21 still still RB cord-020918-056bvngu 42 22 primarily primarily RB cord-020918-056bvngu 42 23 being be VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 42 24 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 42 25 first first JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 42 26 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 42 27 throughout throughout IN cord-020918-056bvngu 42 28 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 42 29 continent continent NN cord-020918-056bvngu 42 30 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 43 1 In in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 43 2 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 43 3 next next JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 43 4 section section NN cord-020918-056bvngu 43 5 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 43 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 43 7 present present VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 43 8 related related JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 43 9 work work NN cord-020918-056bvngu 43 10 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 43 11 extracting extract VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 43 12 insights insight NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 43 13 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 43 14 collections collection NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 43 15 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 43 16 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 43 17 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 44 1 Social social JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 44 2 media medium NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 44 3 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 44 4 mining mining NN cord-020918-056bvngu 44 5 has have VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 44 6 become become VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 44 7 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 44 8 common common JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 44 9 tool tool NN cord-020918-056bvngu 44 10 used use VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 44 11 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 44 12 extract extract VB cord-020918-056bvngu 44 13 opinions opinion NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 44 14 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 44 15 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 44 16 large large JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 44 17 population population NN cord-020918-056bvngu 44 18 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 44 19 order order NN cord-020918-056bvngu 44 20 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 44 21 monitor monitor VB cord-020918-056bvngu 44 22 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 44 23 understand understand VB cord-020918-056bvngu 44 24 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 44 25 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 44 26 predict predict VB cord-020918-056bvngu 44 27 people people NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 44 28 's 's POS cord-020918-056bvngu 44 29 reactions reaction NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 44 30 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 44 31 an an DT cord-020918-056bvngu 44 32 event event NN cord-020918-056bvngu 44 33 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 44 34 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 44 35 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 44 36 measure measure VB cord-020918-056bvngu 44 37 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 44 38 diffusion diffusion NN cord-020918-056bvngu 44 39 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 44 40 ideas idea NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 44 41 within within IN cord-020918-056bvngu 44 42 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 44 43 social social JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 44 44 network network NN cord-020918-056bvngu 44 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 44 46 15 15 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 44 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 44 48 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 45 1 In in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 45 2 this this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 45 3 section section NN cord-020918-056bvngu 45 4 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 45 5 related relate VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 45 6 work work NN cord-020918-056bvngu 45 7 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 45 8 extracting extract VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 45 9 insights insight NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 45 10 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 45 11 collections collection NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 45 12 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 45 13 documents document NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 45 14 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 45 15 presented present VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 45 16 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 46 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 46 2 scope scope NN cord-020918-056bvngu 46 3 here here RB cord-020918-056bvngu 46 4 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 46 5 limited limit VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 46 6 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 46 7 social social JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 46 8 media medium NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 46 9 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 46 10 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 46 11 specifically specifically RB cord-020918-056bvngu 46 12 textual textual JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 46 13 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 46 14 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 46 15 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 46 16 more more RBR cord-020918-056bvngu 46 17 so so RB cord-020918-056bvngu 46 18 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 46 19 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 46 20 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 46 21 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 46 22 because because IN cord-020918-056bvngu 46 23 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 46 24 vast vast JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 46 25 amount amount NN cord-020918-056bvngu 46 26 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 46 27 content content NN cord-020918-056bvngu 46 28 generated generate VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 46 29 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 46 30 shared share VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 46 31 through through IN cord-020918-056bvngu 46 32 social social JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 46 33 media medium NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 46 34 contains contain VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 46 35 rich rich JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 46 36 knowledge knowledge NN cord-020918-056bvngu 46 37 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 46 38 covers cover VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 46 39 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 46 40 wide wide JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 46 41 spectrum spectrum NN cord-020918-056bvngu 46 42 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 46 43 social social JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 46 44 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 46 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 46 46 33 33 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 46 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 46 48 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 47 1 In in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 47 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 47 3 socio socio JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 47 4 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 47 5 semantic semantic JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 47 6 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 47 7 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 47 8 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 47 9 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 47 10 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 47 11 Lipizzi Lipizzi NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 47 12 et et NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 47 13 al al NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 47 14 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 48 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 48 2 15 15 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 48 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 48 4 stated state VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 48 5 that that IN cord-020918-056bvngu 48 6 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 48 7 following follow VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 48 8 processes process NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 48 9 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 48 10 necessary necessary JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 48 11 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 48 12 extract extract VB cord-020918-056bvngu 48 13 complete complete JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 48 14 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 48 15 valuable valuable JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 48 16 insights insight NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 48 17 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 48 18 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 48 19 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 48 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 48 21 1 1 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 48 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 48 23 preprocessing preprocesse VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 48 24 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 48 25 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 48 26 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 48 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 48 28 2 2 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 48 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 48 30 identifying identify VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 48 31 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 48 32 classifying classify VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 48 33 opinions opinion NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 48 34 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 48 35 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 48 36 network network NN cord-020918-056bvngu 48 37 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 48 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 48 39 3 3 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 48 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 48 41 analyzing analyze VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 48 42 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 48 43 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 48 44 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 48 45 individual individual NN cord-020918-056bvngu 48 46 or or CC cord-020918-056bvngu 48 47 groups group NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 48 48 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 48 49 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 48 50 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 48 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 48 52 4 4 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 48 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 48 54 visualization visualization NN cord-020918-056bvngu 48 55 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 48 56 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 48 57 large large JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 48 58 amounts amount NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 48 59 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 48 60 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 48 61 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 48 62 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 48 63 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 48 64 5 5 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 48 65 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 48 66 extracting extract VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 48 67 conversational conversational JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 48 68 maps map NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 48 69 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 48 70 social social JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 48 71 streams stream NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 48 72 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 49 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 49 2 subdivided subdivide VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 49 3 these these DT cord-020918-056bvngu 49 4 processes process NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 49 5 into into IN cord-020918-056bvngu 49 6 seven seven CD cord-020918-056bvngu 49 7 steps step NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 49 8 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 49 9 including include VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 49 10 dimensionality dimensionality NN cord-020918-056bvngu 49 11 reduction reduction NN cord-020918-056bvngu 49 12 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 49 13 clustering clustering NN cord-020918-056bvngu 49 14 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 49 15 shown show VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 49 16 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 49 17 Fig Fig NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 49 18 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 50 1 1 1 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 50 2 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 51 1 Text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 51 2 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 51 3 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 51 4 necessary necessary JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 51 5 because because IN cord-020918-056bvngu 51 6 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 51 7 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 51 8 strong strong JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 51 9 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-020918-056bvngu 51 10 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 51 11 noisiness noisiness NN cord-020918-056bvngu 51 12 characteristic characteristic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 51 13 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 51 14 social social JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 51 15 media medium NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 51 16 texts text NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 51 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 51 18 26 26 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 51 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 51 20 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 52 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 52 2 involves involve VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 52 3 dealing deal VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 52 4 with with IN cord-020918-056bvngu 52 5 incorrect incorrect JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 52 6 spelling spelling NN cord-020918-056bvngu 52 7 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 52 8 contractions contraction NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 52 9 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 52 10 abbreviations abbreviation NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 52 11 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 52 12 stop stop VB cord-020918-056bvngu 52 13 words word NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 52 14 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 52 15 inflectional inflectional JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 52 16 variants variant NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 52 17 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 52 18 user user NN cord-020918-056bvngu 52 19 tags tag NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 52 20 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 52 21 hyperlinks hyperlink NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 52 22 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 52 23 numbers number NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 52 24 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 52 25 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 52 26 email email NN cord-020918-056bvngu 52 27 addresses address NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 52 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 52 29 26 26 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 52 30 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 52 31 32 32 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 52 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 52 33 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 53 1 However however RB cord-020918-056bvngu 53 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 53 3 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 53 4 steps step NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 53 5 taken take VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 53 6 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 53 7 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 53 8 depend depend VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 53 9 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 53 10 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 53 11 quality quality NN cord-020918-056bvngu 53 12 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 53 13 quantity quantity NN cord-020918-056bvngu 53 14 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 53 15 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 53 16 style style NN cord-020918-056bvngu 53 17 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 53 18 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 53 19 underlying underlie VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 53 20 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 53 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 53 22 32 32 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 53 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 53 24 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 54 1 Data data NN cord-020918-056bvngu 54 2 visualization visualization NN cord-020918-056bvngu 54 3 requires require VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 54 4 that that IN cord-020918-056bvngu 54 5 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 54 6 large large JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 54 7 amount amount NN cord-020918-056bvngu 54 8 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 54 9 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 54 10 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 54 11 compacted compact VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 54 12 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 54 13 an an DT cord-020918-056bvngu 54 14 expressive expressive JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 54 15 fashion fashion NN cord-020918-056bvngu 54 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 54 17 15 15 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 54 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 54 19 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 55 1 Because because IN cord-020918-056bvngu 55 2 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 55 3 documents document NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 55 4 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 55 5 high high JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 55 6 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 55 7 objects object NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 55 8 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 55 9 effectively effectively RB cord-020918-056bvngu 55 10 visualizing visualize VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 55 11 such such JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 55 12 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 55 13 requires require VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 55 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 55 15 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 55 16 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 55 17 projected project VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 55 18 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 55 19 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 55 20 lower low JJR cord-020918-056bvngu 55 21 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 55 22 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 55 23 space space NN cord-020918-056bvngu 55 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 55 25 18 18 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 55 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 55 27 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 56 1 Thus thus RB cord-020918-056bvngu 56 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 56 3 dimensionality dimensionality NN cord-020918-056bvngu 56 4 reduction reduction NN cord-020918-056bvngu 56 5 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 56 6 which which WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 56 7 involves involve VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 56 8 transforming transform VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 56 9 highdimensional highdimensional JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 56 10 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 56 11 into into IN cord-020918-056bvngu 56 12 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 56 13 meaningful meaningful JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 56 14 representation representation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 56 15 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 56 16 reduced reduce VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 56 17 dimensionality dimensionality NN cord-020918-056bvngu 56 18 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 56 19 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 56 20 an an DT cord-020918-056bvngu 56 21 essential essential JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 56 22 part part NN cord-020918-056bvngu 56 23 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 56 24 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 56 25 mining mining NN cord-020918-056bvngu 56 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 56 27 6 6 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 56 28 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 56 29 31 31 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 56 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 56 31 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 57 1 However however RB cord-020918-056bvngu 57 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 57 3 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 57 4 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 57 5 lower low JJR cord-020918-056bvngu 57 6 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 57 7 representation representation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 57 8 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 57 9 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 57 10 meaningful meaningful JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 57 11 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 57 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 57 13 must must MD cord-020918-056bvngu 57 14 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 57 15 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 57 16 good good JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 57 17 approximation approximation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 57 18 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 57 19 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 57 20 original original JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 57 21 document document NN cord-020918-056bvngu 57 22 set set VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 57 23 given give VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 57 24 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 57 25 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 57 26 full full JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 57 27 space space NN cord-020918-056bvngu 57 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 57 29 6 6 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 57 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 57 31 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 58 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 58 2 commonly commonly RB cord-020918-056bvngu 58 3 used use VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 58 4 techniques technique NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 58 5 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 58 6 dimensionality dimensionality NN cord-020918-056bvngu 58 7 reduction reduction NN cord-020918-056bvngu 58 8 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 58 9 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 58 10 Principal Principal NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 58 11 Component Component NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 58 12 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 58 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 58 14 PCA PCA NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 58 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 58 16 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 58 17 which which WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 58 18 both both DT cord-020918-056bvngu 58 19 minimizes minimize VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 58 20 information information NN cord-020918-056bvngu 58 21 loss loss NN cord-020918-056bvngu 58 22 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 58 23 increases increase VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 58 24 interpretability interpretability NN cord-020918-056bvngu 58 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 58 26 6 6 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 58 27 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 58 28 10 10 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 58 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 58 30 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 58 31 Singular singular JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 58 32 Value Value NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 58 33 Decomposition Decomposition NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 58 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 58 35 SVD SVD NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 58 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 58 37 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 58 38 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 58 39 stable stable JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 58 40 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 58 41 robust robust JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 58 42 technique technique NN cord-020918-056bvngu 58 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 58 44 9 9 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 58 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 58 46 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 58 47 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 58 48 T T NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 58 49 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 58 50 Distributed distribute VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 58 51 Stochastic stochastic JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 58 52 Neighbor neighbor NN cord-020918-056bvngu 58 53 Embedding embedding NN cord-020918-056bvngu 58 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 58 55 T T NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 58 56 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 58 57 SNE SNE NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 58 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 58 59 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 58 60 which which WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 58 61 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 58 62 particularly particularly RB cord-020918-056bvngu 58 63 well well RB cord-020918-056bvngu 58 64 suited suited JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 58 65 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 58 66 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 58 67 visualization visualization NN cord-020918-056bvngu 58 68 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 58 69 high high JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 58 70 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 58 71 datasets dataset NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 58 72 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 58 73 30 30 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 58 74 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 58 75 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 59 1 Document document NN cord-020918-056bvngu 59 2 clustering clustering NN cord-020918-056bvngu 59 3 aims aim VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 59 4 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 59 5 efficiently efficiently RB cord-020918-056bvngu 59 6 organize organize VB cord-020918-056bvngu 59 7 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 59 8 navigate navigate VB cord-020918-056bvngu 59 9 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 59 10 summarize summarize VB cord-020918-056bvngu 59 11 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 59 12 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 59 13 retrieve retrieve VB cord-020918-056bvngu 59 14 documents document NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 59 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 59 16 3 3 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 59 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 59 18 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 60 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 60 2 can can MD cord-020918-056bvngu 60 3 either either CC cord-020918-056bvngu 60 4 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 60 5 done do VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 60 6 using use VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 60 7 partitioning partitioning NN cord-020918-056bvngu 60 8 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 60 9 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 60 10 where where WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 60 11 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 60 12 number number NN cord-020918-056bvngu 60 13 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 60 14 clusters cluster NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 60 15 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 60 16 specified specify VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 60 17 before before IN cord-020918-056bvngu 60 18 clustering clustering NN cord-020918-056bvngu 60 19 takes take VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 60 20 place place NN cord-020918-056bvngu 60 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 60 22 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 60 23 example example NN cord-020918-056bvngu 60 24 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 60 25 K K NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 60 26 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 60 27 Means Means NNPS cord-020918-056bvngu 60 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 60 29 2 2 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 60 30 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 60 31 4 4 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 60 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 60 33 , , . cord-020918-056bvngu 61 1 Locally locally RB cord-020918-056bvngu 61 2 Adaptive Adaptive NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 61 3 Clustering Clustering NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 61 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 61 5 3 3 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 61 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 61 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 61 8 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 61 9 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 61 10 Non non JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 61 11 - - JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 61 12 negative negative JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 61 13 Matrix Matrix NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 61 14 Factorization Factorization NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 61 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 61 16 13 13 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 61 17 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 61 18 14 14 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 61 19 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 61 20 29 29 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 61 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 61 22 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 61 23 or or CC cord-020918-056bvngu 61 24 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 61 25 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 61 26 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 61 27 which which WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 61 28 start start VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 61 29 by by IN cord-020918-056bvngu 61 30 either either CC cord-020918-056bvngu 61 31 considering consider VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 61 32 each each DT cord-020918-056bvngu 61 33 document document NN cord-020918-056bvngu 61 34 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 61 35 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 61 36 cluster cluster NN cord-020918-056bvngu 61 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 61 38 agglomerative agglomerative NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 61 39 clustering clustering NN cord-020918-056bvngu 61 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 61 41 or or CC cord-020918-056bvngu 61 42 all all DT cord-020918-056bvngu 61 43 documents document NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 61 44 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 61 45 belonging belong VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 61 46 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 61 47 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 61 48 single single JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 61 49 cluster cluster NN cord-020918-056bvngu 61 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 61 51 divisive divisive JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 61 52 clustering clustering NN cord-020918-056bvngu 61 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 61 54 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 61 55 2 2 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 61 56 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 61 57 35 35 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 61 58 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 61 59 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 62 1 In in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 62 2 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 62 3 former former JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 62 4 case case NN cord-020918-056bvngu 62 5 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 62 6 documents document NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 62 7 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 62 8 continually continually RB cord-020918-056bvngu 62 9 assigned assign VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 62 10 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 62 11 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 62 12 nearest near JJS cord-020918-056bvngu 62 13 cluster cluster NN cord-020918-056bvngu 62 14 until until IN cord-020918-056bvngu 62 15 no no DT cord-020918-056bvngu 62 16 further further JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 62 17 improvement improvement NN cord-020918-056bvngu 62 18 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 62 19 achieved achieve VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 62 20 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 62 21 while while IN cord-020918-056bvngu 62 22 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 62 23 latter latter JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 62 24 either either CC cord-020918-056bvngu 62 25 decreases decrease VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 62 26 or or CC cord-020918-056bvngu 62 27 increases increase VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 62 28 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 62 29 number number NN cord-020918-056bvngu 62 30 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 62 31 clusters cluster NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 62 32 until until IN cord-020918-056bvngu 62 33 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 62 34 stopping stop VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 62 35 condition condition NN cord-020918-056bvngu 62 36 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 62 37 met meet VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 62 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 62 39 2 2 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 62 40 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 62 41 35 35 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 62 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 62 43 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 63 1 Topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 63 2 modeling modeling NN cord-020918-056bvngu 63 3 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 63 4 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 63 5 application application NN cord-020918-056bvngu 63 6 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 63 7 probabilistic probabilistic JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 63 8 models model NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 63 9 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 63 10 uncover uncover VB cord-020918-056bvngu 63 11 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 63 12 underlying underlying JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 63 13 semantic semantic JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 63 14 structure structure NN cord-020918-056bvngu 63 15 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 63 16 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 63 17 collection collection NN cord-020918-056bvngu 63 18 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 63 19 documents document NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 63 20 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 63 21 where where WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 63 22 each each DT cord-020918-056bvngu 63 23 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 63 24 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 63 25 defined define VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 63 26 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 63 27 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 63 28 distribution distribution NN cord-020918-056bvngu 63 29 over over IN cord-020918-056bvngu 63 30 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 63 31 set set NN cord-020918-056bvngu 63 32 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 63 33 words word NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 63 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 63 35 2 2 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 63 36 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 63 37 34 34 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 63 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 63 39 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 64 1 There there EX cord-020918-056bvngu 64 2 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 64 3 several several JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 64 4 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 64 5 modeling model VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 64 6 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 64 7 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 64 8 but but CC cord-020918-056bvngu 64 9 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 64 10 most most RBS cord-020918-056bvngu 64 11 commonly commonly RB cord-020918-056bvngu 64 12 applied apply VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 64 13 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 64 14 Latent Latent NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 64 15 Dirichlet Dirichlet NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 64 16 Allocation Allocation NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 64 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 64 18 LDA LDA NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 64 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 64 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 64 21 2 2 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 64 22 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 64 23 4 4 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 64 24 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 64 25 26 26 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 64 26 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 64 27 33 33 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 64 28 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 64 29 34 34 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 64 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 64 31 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 64 32 Non non JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 64 33 - - JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 64 34 negative negative JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 64 35 Matrix Matrix NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 64 36 Factorization Factorization NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 64 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 64 38 NMF NMF NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 64 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 64 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 64 41 7 7 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 64 42 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 64 43 13 13 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 64 44 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 64 45 14 14 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 64 46 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 64 47 22 22 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 64 48 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 64 49 29 29 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 64 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 64 51 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 65 1 Sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 65 2 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 65 3 involves involve VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 65 4 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 65 5 computational computational JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 65 6 study study NN cord-020918-056bvngu 65 7 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 65 8 people people NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 65 9 's 's POS cord-020918-056bvngu 65 10 opinions opinion NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 65 11 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 65 12 appraisals appraisal NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 65 13 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 65 14 attitudes attitude NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 65 15 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 65 16 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 65 17 emotions emotion NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 65 18 about about IN cord-020918-056bvngu 65 19 events event NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 65 20 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 65 21 entities entity NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 65 22 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 65 23 individuals individual NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 65 24 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 65 25 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 65 26 topics topic NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 65 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 65 28 16 16 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 65 29 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 65 30 27 27 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 65 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 65 32 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 66 1 Features feature NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 66 2 found find VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 66 3 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 66 4 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 66 5 important important JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 66 6 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 66 7 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 66 8 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 67 1 include include VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 67 2 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 67 3 terms term NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 67 4 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 67 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 67 6 frequency frequency NN cord-020918-056bvngu 67 7 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 67 8 adjectives adjective NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 67 9 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 67 10 negation negation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 67 11 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 67 12 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 67 13 opinion opinion NN cord-020918-056bvngu 67 14 words word NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 67 15 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 67 16 phrases phrase NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 67 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 67 18 16 16 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 67 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 67 20 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 68 1 Sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 68 2 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 68 3 can can MD cord-020918-056bvngu 68 4 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 68 5 formulated formulate VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 68 6 either either CC cord-020918-056bvngu 68 7 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 68 8 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 68 9 supervised supervised JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 68 10 learning learning NN cord-020918-056bvngu 68 11 problem problem NN cord-020918-056bvngu 68 12 that that WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 68 13 can can MD cord-020918-056bvngu 68 14 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 68 15 solved solve VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 68 16 using use VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 68 17 well well RB cord-020918-056bvngu 68 18 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 68 19 known know VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 68 20 classification classification NN cord-020918-056bvngu 68 21 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 68 22 such such JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 68 23 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 68 24 Naive naive JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 68 25 Bayes Bayes NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 68 26 or or CC cord-020918-056bvngu 68 27 Support Support NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 68 28 Vector Vector NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 68 29 Machines Machines NNPS cord-020918-056bvngu 68 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 68 31 16 16 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 68 32 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 68 33 27 27 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 68 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 68 35 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 68 36 or or CC cord-020918-056bvngu 68 37 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 68 38 an an DT cord-020918-056bvngu 68 39 unsupervised unsupervised JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 68 40 problem problem NN cord-020918-056bvngu 68 41 where where WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 68 42 opinion opinion NN cord-020918-056bvngu 68 43 words word NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 68 44 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 68 45 phrases phrase NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 68 46 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 68 47 used use VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 68 48 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 68 49 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 68 50 dominating dominate VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 68 51 indicators indicator NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 68 52 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 68 53 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 68 54 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 68 55 16 16 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 68 56 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 68 57 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 69 1 Network network NN cord-020918-056bvngu 69 2 graphing graphing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 69 3 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 69 4 used use VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 69 5 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 69 6 provide provide VB cord-020918-056bvngu 69 7 structure structure NN cord-020918-056bvngu 69 8 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 69 9 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 69 10 information information NN cord-020918-056bvngu 69 11 exchanged exchange VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 69 12 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 69 13 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 69 14 social social JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 69 15 network network NN cord-020918-056bvngu 69 16 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 69 17 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 69 18 has have VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 69 19 mostly mostly RB cord-020918-056bvngu 69 20 been be VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 69 21 used use VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 69 22 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 69 23 identify identify VB cord-020918-056bvngu 69 24 influential influential JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 69 25 users user NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 69 26 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 69 27 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 69 28 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 69 29 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 69 30 marketing marketing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 69 31 or or CC cord-020918-056bvngu 69 32 advertising advertising NN cord-020918-056bvngu 69 33 services service NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 69 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 69 35 4 4 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 69 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 69 37 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 70 1 Here here RB cord-020918-056bvngu 70 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 70 3 each each DT cord-020918-056bvngu 70 4 user user NN cord-020918-056bvngu 70 5 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 70 6 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 70 7 social social JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 70 8 network network NN cord-020918-056bvngu 70 9 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 70 10 considered consider VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 70 11 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 70 12 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 70 13 node node NN cord-020918-056bvngu 70 14 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 70 15 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 70 16 graph graph NN cord-020918-056bvngu 70 17 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 70 18 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 70 19 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 70 20 relationships relationship NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 70 21 between between IN cord-020918-056bvngu 70 22 users user NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 70 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 70 24 follow follow VB cord-020918-056bvngu 70 25 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 70 26 retweet retweet VB cord-020918-056bvngu 70 27 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 70 28 like like UH cord-020918-056bvngu 70 29 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 70 30 etc etc FW cord-020918-056bvngu 70 31 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 70 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 71 1 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 71 2 directed direct VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 71 3 edges edge NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 71 4 between between IN cord-020918-056bvngu 71 5 nodes node NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 71 6 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 71 7 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 71 8 graph graph NN cord-020918-056bvngu 71 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 71 10 4 4 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 71 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 71 12 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 72 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 72 2 above above JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 72 3 processes process NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 72 4 have have VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 72 5 been be VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 72 6 found find VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 72 7 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 72 8 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 72 9 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 72 10 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 72 11 extract extract VB cord-020918-056bvngu 72 12 insights insight NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 72 13 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 72 14 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 72 15 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 72 16 other other JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 72 17 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 72 18 beyond beyond IN cord-020918-056bvngu 72 19 English English NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 72 20 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 72 21 such such JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 72 22 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 72 23 French French NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 72 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 72 25 26 26 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 72 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 72 27 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 72 28 Chinese Chinese NNPS cord-020918-056bvngu 72 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 72 30 34 34 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 72 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 72 32 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 72 33 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 72 34 Arabic arabic JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 72 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 72 36 2 2 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 72 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 72 38 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 73 1 However however RB cord-020918-056bvngu 73 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 73 3 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 73 4 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 73 5 best good JJS cord-020918-056bvngu 73 6 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 73 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 73 8 knowledge knowledge NN cord-020918-056bvngu 73 9 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 73 10 no no DT cord-020918-056bvngu 73 11 work work NN cord-020918-056bvngu 73 12 has have VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 73 13 been be VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 73 14 done do VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 73 15 completely completely RB cord-020918-056bvngu 73 16 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 73 17 apply apply VB cord-020918-056bvngu 73 18 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 73 19 described describe VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 73 20 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 73 21 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 73 22 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 73 23 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 73 24 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 74 1 Here here RB cord-020918-056bvngu 74 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 74 3 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 74 4 methodology methodology NN cord-020918-056bvngu 74 5 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 74 6 results result NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 74 7 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 74 8 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 74 9 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 74 10 suitability suitability NN cord-020918-056bvngu 74 11 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 74 12 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 74 13 standard standard JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 74 14 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 74 15 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 74 16 use use NN cord-020918-056bvngu 74 17 with with IN cord-020918-056bvngu 74 18 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 74 19 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 74 20 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 74 21 presented present VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 74 22 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 75 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 75 2 used use VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 75 3 two two CD cord-020918-056bvngu 75 4 datasets dataset NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 75 5 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 75 6 this this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 75 7 evaluation evaluation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 75 8 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 75 9 each each DT cord-020918-056bvngu 75 10 comprising comprise VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 75 11 20,000 20,000 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 75 12 tweets tweet NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 75 13 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 75 14 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 75 15 first first JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 75 16 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 75 17 an an DT cord-020918-056bvngu 75 18 English english JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 75 19 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 75 20 composed compose VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 75 21 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 75 22 customer customer NN cord-020918-056bvngu 75 23 reviews review NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 75 24 1 1 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 75 25 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 75 26 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 75 27 second second JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 75 28 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 75 29 composed compose VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 75 30 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 75 31 tweets tweet NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 75 32 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 75 33 English English NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 75 34 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 75 35 mixed mixed JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 75 36 code code NN cord-020918-056bvngu 75 37 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 75 38 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 75 39 six six CD cord-020918-056bvngu 75 40 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 75 41 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 75 42 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 75 43 was be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 75 44 archived archive VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 75 45 directly directly RB cord-020918-056bvngu 75 46 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 75 47 live live JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 75 48 South south JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 75 49 African african JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 75 50 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 75 51 Ugandan ugandan JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 75 52 tweets tweet NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 75 53 covering cover VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 75 54 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 75 55 period period NN cord-020918-056bvngu 75 56 February February NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 75 57 2019 2019 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 75 58 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 75 59 May May NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 75 60 2019 2019 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 75 61 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 76 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 76 2 live live JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 76 3 tweets tweet NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 76 4 were be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 76 5 archived archive VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 76 6 based base VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 76 7 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 76 8 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 76 9 trending trend VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 76 10 hashtags hashtag NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 76 11 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 76 12 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 76 13 period period NN cord-020918-056bvngu 76 14 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 76 15 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 76 16 collection collection NN cord-020918-056bvngu 76 17 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 77 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 77 2 six six CD cord-020918-056bvngu 77 3 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 77 4 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 77 5 targeted target VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 77 6 were be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 77 7 IsiZulu IsiZulu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 77 8 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 77 9 Luganda Luganda NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 77 10 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 77 11 Runyankore Runyankore NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 77 12 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 77 13 Sepedi Sepedi NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 77 14 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 77 15 Sesotho Sesotho NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 77 16 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 77 17 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 77 18 Setswana Setswana NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 77 19 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 78 1 These these DT cord-020918-056bvngu 78 2 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 78 3 were be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 78 4 selected select VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 78 5 because because IN cord-020918-056bvngu 78 6 they -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 78 7 cover cover VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 78 8 both both CC cord-020918-056bvngu 78 9 conjunctive conjunctive JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 78 10 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 78 11 disjunctive disjunctive JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 78 12 writing writing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 78 13 styles style NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 78 14 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 78 15 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 78 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 78 17 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 78 18 understood understand VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 78 19 by by IN cord-020918-056bvngu 78 20 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 78 21 authors author NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 78 22 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 79 1 However however RB cord-020918-056bvngu 79 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 79 3 due due IN cord-020918-056bvngu 79 4 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 79 5 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 79 6 use use NN cord-020918-056bvngu 79 7 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 79 8 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 79 9 mixed mixed JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 79 10 code code NN cord-020918-056bvngu 79 11 writing writing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 79 12 style style NN cord-020918-056bvngu 79 13 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 79 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 79 15 found find VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 79 16 tweets tweet NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 79 17 that that WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 79 18 contained contain VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 79 19 terms term NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 79 20 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 79 21 other other JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 79 22 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 79 23 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 79 24 beyond beyond IN cord-020918-056bvngu 79 25 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 79 26 six six CD cord-020918-056bvngu 79 27 considered consider VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 79 28 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 80 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 80 2 investigation investigation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 80 3 was be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 80 4 limited limit VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 80 5 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 80 6 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 80 7 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 80 8 due due JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 80 9 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 80 10 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 80 11 inherent inherent JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 80 12 difficulty difficulty NN cord-020918-056bvngu 80 13 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 80 14 performing perform VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 80 15 opinion opinion NN cord-020918-056bvngu 80 16 mining mining NN cord-020918-056bvngu 80 17 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 80 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 80 19 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 80 20 resulting result VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 80 21 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 80 22 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 80 23 informal informal JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 80 24 writing writing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 80 25 style style NN cord-020918-056bvngu 80 26 used use VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 80 27 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 80 28 limited limited JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 80 29 tweet tweet NN cord-020918-056bvngu 80 30 length length NN cord-020918-056bvngu 80 31 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 81 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 81 2 hypothesize hypothesize VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 81 3 that that IN cord-020918-056bvngu 81 4 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 81 5 findings finding NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 81 6 based base VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 81 7 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 81 8 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 81 9 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 81 10 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 81 11 generalizable generalizable JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 81 12 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 81 13 other other JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 81 14 social social JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 81 15 media medium NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 81 16 platforms platform NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 81 17 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 82 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 82 2 further further RB cord-020918-056bvngu 82 3 limited limit VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 82 4 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 82 5 size size NN cord-020918-056bvngu 82 6 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 82 7 each each DT cord-020918-056bvngu 82 8 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 82 9 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 82 10 20,000 20,000 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 82 11 tweets tweet NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 82 12 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 82 13 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 82 14 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 82 15 results result NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 82 16 based base VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 82 17 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 82 18 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 82 19 limited limited JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 82 20 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 82 21 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 82 22 also also RB cord-020918-056bvngu 82 23 generalizable generalizable JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 82 24 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 82 25 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 82 26 larger large JJR cord-020918-056bvngu 82 27 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 82 28 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 83 1 Both both DT cord-020918-056bvngu 83 2 datasets dataset NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 83 3 were be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 83 4 run run VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 83 5 through through IN cord-020918-056bvngu 83 6 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 83 7 seven seven CD cord-020918-056bvngu 83 8 processes process NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 83 9 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 83 10 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 83 11 standard standard JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 83 12 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 83 13 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 83 14 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 83 15 analyzed analyze VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 83 16 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 83 17 any any DT cord-020918-056bvngu 83 18 significant significant JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 83 19 differences difference NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 83 20 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 84 1 For for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 84 2 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 84 3 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 84 4 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 84 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 84 6 used use VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 84 7 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 84 8 same same JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 84 9 techniques technique NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 84 10 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 84 11 described describe VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 84 12 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 84 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 84 14 26 26 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 84 15 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 84 16 32 32 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 84 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 84 18 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 85 1 However however RB cord-020918-056bvngu 85 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 85 3 no no DT cord-020918-056bvngu 85 4 stemming stem VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 85 5 / / SYM cord-020918-056bvngu 85 6 lemmatizing lemmatizing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 85 7 was be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 85 8 performed perform VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 85 9 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 85 10 either either DT cord-020918-056bvngu 85 11 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 85 12 because because IN cord-020918-056bvngu 85 13 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 85 14 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 85 15 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 85 16 best good JJS cord-020918-056bvngu 85 17 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 85 18 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 85 19 knowledge knowledge NN cord-020918-056bvngu 85 20 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 85 21 two two CD cord-020918-056bvngu 85 22 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 85 23 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 85 24 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 85 25 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 85 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 85 27 Luganda Luganda NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 85 28 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 85 29 Runyankore Runyankore NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 85 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 85 31 do do VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 85 32 not not RB cord-020918-056bvngu 85 33 have have VB cord-020918-056bvngu 85 34 tools tool NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 85 35 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 85 36 this this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 85 37 2 2 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 85 38 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 86 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 86 2 used use VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 86 3 multiple multiple JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 86 4 approaches approach NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 86 5 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 86 6 dimensionality dimensionality NN cord-020918-056bvngu 86 7 reduction reduction NN cord-020918-056bvngu 86 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 86 9 PCA PCA NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 86 10 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 86 11 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 86 12 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 86 13 combination combination NN cord-020918-056bvngu 86 14 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 86 15 SVD SVD NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 86 16 followed follow VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 86 17 by by IN cord-020918-056bvngu 86 18 T T NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 86 19 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 86 20 SNE SNE NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 86 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 86 22 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 86 23 clustering clustering NN cord-020918-056bvngu 86 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 86 25 K K NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 86 26 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 86 27 Means Means NNPS cord-020918-056bvngu 86 28 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 86 29 NMF NMF NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 86 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 86 31 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 86 32 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 86 33 modeling modeling NN cord-020918-056bvngu 86 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 86 35 LDA LDA NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 86 36 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 86 37 NMF NMF NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 86 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 86 39 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 86 40 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 86 41 order order NN cord-020918-056bvngu 86 42 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 86 43 consider consider VB cord-020918-056bvngu 86 44 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 86 45 approach approach NN cord-020918-056bvngu 86 46 which which WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 86 47 gives give VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 86 48 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 86 49 better well JJR cord-020918-056bvngu 86 50 result result NN cord-020918-056bvngu 86 51 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 87 1 Gephi Gephi NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 87 2 3 3 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 87 3 was be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 87 4 used use VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 87 5 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 87 6 graph graph VB cord-020918-056bvngu 87 7 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 87 8 network network NN cord-020918-056bvngu 87 9 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 88 1 At at IN cord-020918-056bvngu 88 2 each each DT cord-020918-056bvngu 88 3 step step NN cord-020918-056bvngu 88 4 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 88 5 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 88 6 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 88 7 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 88 8 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 88 9 results result NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 88 10 between between IN cord-020918-056bvngu 88 11 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 88 12 two two CD cord-020918-056bvngu 88 13 datasets dataset NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 88 14 were be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 88 15 compared compare VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 88 16 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 88 17 with with IN cord-020918-056bvngu 88 18 emphasis emphasis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 88 19 placed place VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 88 20 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 88 21 any any DT cord-020918-056bvngu 88 22 observed observed JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 88 23 differences difference NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 88 24 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 88 25 significant significant JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 88 26 or or CC cord-020918-056bvngu 88 27 otherwise otherwise RB cord-020918-056bvngu 88 28 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 89 1 Where where WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 89 2 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 89 3 process process NN cord-020918-056bvngu 89 4 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 89 5 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 89 6 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 89 7 was be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 89 8 found find VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 89 9 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 89 10 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 89 11 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 89 12 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 89 13 process process VB cord-020918-056bvngu 89 14 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 89 15 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 89 16 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 89 17 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 89 18 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 89 19 we -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 89 20 then then RB cord-020918-056bvngu 89 21 investigated investigate VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 89 22 if if IN cord-020918-056bvngu 89 23 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 89 24 how how WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 89 25 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 89 26 complex complex JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 89 27 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 89 28 structure structure NN cord-020918-056bvngu 89 29 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 89 30 these these DT cord-020918-056bvngu 89 31 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 89 32 causes cause VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 89 33 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 89 34 observed observed JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 89 35 limitations limitation NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 89 36 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 90 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 90 2 further further RB cord-020918-056bvngu 90 3 investigated investigate VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 90 4 what what WP cord-020918-056bvngu 90 5 needs need VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 90 6 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 90 7 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 90 8 done do VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 90 9 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 90 10 order order NN cord-020918-056bvngu 90 11 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 90 12 adapt adapt VB cord-020918-056bvngu 90 13 that that DT cord-020918-056bvngu 90 14 process process NN cord-020918-056bvngu 90 15 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 90 16 fulfill fulfill VB cord-020918-056bvngu 90 17 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 90 18 same same JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 90 19 task task NN cord-020918-056bvngu 90 20 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 90 21 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 90 22 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 90 23 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 91 1 On on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 91 2 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 91 3 other other JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 91 4 hand hand NN cord-020918-056bvngu 91 5 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 91 6 where where WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 91 7 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 91 8 process process NN cord-020918-056bvngu 91 9 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 91 10 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 91 11 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 91 12 was be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 91 13 found find VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 91 14 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 91 15 adequately adequately RB cord-020918-056bvngu 91 16 apply apply VB cord-020918-056bvngu 91 17 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 91 18 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 91 19 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 91 20 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 91 21 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 91 22 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 91 23 we -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 91 24 noted note VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 91 25 this this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 91 26 finding finding NN cord-020918-056bvngu 91 27 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 91 28 proceeded proceed VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 91 29 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 91 30 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 91 31 next next JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 91 32 step step NN cord-020918-056bvngu 91 33 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 92 1 At at IN cord-020918-056bvngu 92 2 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 92 3 end end NN cord-020918-056bvngu 92 4 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 92 5 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 92 6 evaluation evaluation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 92 7 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 92 8 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 92 9 processes process NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 92 10 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 92 11 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 92 12 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 92 13 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 92 14 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 92 15 modeling modeling NN cord-020918-056bvngu 92 16 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 92 17 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 92 18 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 92 19 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 92 20 were be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 92 21 found find VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 92 22 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 92 23 require require VB cord-020918-056bvngu 92 24 some some DT cord-020918-056bvngu 92 25 modification modification NN cord-020918-056bvngu 92 26 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 92 27 order order NN cord-020918-056bvngu 92 28 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 92 29 sufficiently sufficiently RB cord-020918-056bvngu 92 30 extract extract VB cord-020918-056bvngu 92 31 meaningful meaningful JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 92 32 insights insight NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 92 33 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 92 34 textual textual JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 92 35 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 92 36 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 92 37 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 92 38 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 92 39 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 93 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 93 2 processes process NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 93 3 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 93 4 dimensionality dimensionality NN cord-020918-056bvngu 93 5 reduction reduction NN cord-020918-056bvngu 93 6 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 93 7 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 93 8 visualization visualization NN cord-020918-056bvngu 93 9 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 93 10 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 93 11 clustering clustering NN cord-020918-056bvngu 93 12 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 93 13 though though IN cord-020918-056bvngu 93 14 being be VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 93 15 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 93 16 independent independent JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 93 17 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 93 18 were be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 93 19 also also RB cord-020918-056bvngu 93 20 found find VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 93 21 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 93 22 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 93 23 affected affect VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 93 24 by by IN cord-020918-056bvngu 93 25 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 93 26 termdocument termdocument NN cord-020918-056bvngu 93 27 matrix matrix NN cord-020918-056bvngu 93 28 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 93 29 which which WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 93 30 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 93 31 itself -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 93 32 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 93 33 dependent dependent JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 93 34 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 94 1 Only only RB cord-020918-056bvngu 94 2 network network NN cord-020918-056bvngu 94 3 graphing graphing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 94 4 was be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 94 5 found find VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 94 6 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 94 7 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 94 8 completely completely RB cord-020918-056bvngu 94 9 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 94 10 independent independent JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 94 11 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 95 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 95 2 following follow VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 95 3 subsections subsection NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 95 4 provide provide VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 95 5 details detail NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 95 6 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 95 7 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 95 8 limitations limitation NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 95 9 found find VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 95 10 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 95 11 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 95 12 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 95 13 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 95 14 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 95 15 modeling modeling NN cord-020918-056bvngu 95 16 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 95 17 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 95 18 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 95 19 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 95 20 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 95 21 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 95 22 explain explain VB cord-020918-056bvngu 95 23 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 95 24 findings finding NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 95 25 based base VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 95 26 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 95 27 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 95 28 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 95 29 structure structure NN cord-020918-056bvngu 95 30 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 95 31 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 95 32 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 95 33 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 96 1 Text Text NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 96 2 Preprocessing Preprocessing NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 96 3 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 97 1 During during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 97 2 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 97 3 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 97 4 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 97 5 after after IN cord-020918-056bvngu 97 6 converting convert VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 97 7 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 97 8 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 97 9 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 97 10 lower lower VB cord-020918-056bvngu 97 11 case case NN cord-020918-056bvngu 97 12 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 97 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 97 14 underwent undergo VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 97 15 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 97 16 removal removal NN cord-020918-056bvngu 97 17 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 97 18 HTML html NN cord-020918-056bvngu 97 19 tags tag NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 97 20 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 97 21 URLs url NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 97 22 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 97 23 numbers number NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 97 24 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 97 25 email email NN cord-020918-056bvngu 97 26 addresses address NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 97 27 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 97 28 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 97 29 handles handle VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 97 30 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 97 31 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 97 32 hashtags hashtag NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 97 33 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 97 34 then then RB cord-020918-056bvngu 97 35 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 97 36 expansion expansion NN cord-020918-056bvngu 97 37 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 97 38 contractions contraction NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 97 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 97 40 such such JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 97 41 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 97 42 ca can MD cord-020918-056bvngu 97 43 n't not RB cord-020918-056bvngu 97 44 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 97 45 we -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 97 46 're be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 97 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 97 48 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 97 49 abbreviations abbreviation NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 97 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 97 51 such such JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 97 52 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 97 53 lol lol UH cord-020918-056bvngu 97 54 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 97 55 dm dm NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 97 56 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 97 57 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 97 58 tbh tbh NN cord-020918-056bvngu 97 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 97 60 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 97 61 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 97 62 finally finally RB cord-020918-056bvngu 97 63 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 97 64 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 97 65 elimination elimination NN cord-020918-056bvngu 97 66 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 97 67 non non JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 97 68 - - JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 97 69 alphanumeric alphanumeric JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 97 70 characters character NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 97 71 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 97 72 stop stop VB cord-020918-056bvngu 97 73 words word NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 97 74 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 98 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 98 2 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 98 3 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 98 4 both both DT cord-020918-056bvngu 98 5 datasets dataset NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 98 6 was be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 98 7 not not RB cord-020918-056bvngu 98 8 stemmed stem VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 98 9 or or CC cord-020918-056bvngu 98 10 lemmatized lemmatize VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 98 11 due due IN cord-020918-056bvngu 98 12 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 98 13 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 98 14 lack lack NN cord-020918-056bvngu 98 15 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 98 16 such such JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 98 17 resources resource NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 98 18 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 98 19 some some DT cord-020918-056bvngu 98 20 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 98 21 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 98 22 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 98 23 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 98 24 considered consider VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 98 25 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 98 26 this this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 98 27 investigation investigation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 98 28 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 99 1 For for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 99 2 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 99 3 English English NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 99 4 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 99 5 only only RB cord-020918-056bvngu 99 6 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 99 7 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 99 8 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 99 9 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 99 10 performed perform VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 99 11 was be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 99 12 found find VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 99 13 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 99 14 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 99 15 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 99 16 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 100 1 However however RB cord-020918-056bvngu 100 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 100 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 100 4 found find VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 100 5 that that IN cord-020918-056bvngu 100 6 several several JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 100 7 additional additional JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 100 8 processes process NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 100 9 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 100 10 necessary necessary JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 100 11 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 100 12 fully fully RB cord-020918-056bvngu 100 13 preprocess preprocess VB cord-020918-056bvngu 100 14 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 100 15 mixed mixed JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 100 16 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 100 17 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 100 18 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 100 19 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 101 1 These these DT cord-020918-056bvngu 101 2 processes process NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 101 3 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 101 4 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 101 5 distinguishing distinguish VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 101 6 conjunctively conjunctively RB cord-020918-056bvngu 101 7 versus versus IN cord-020918-056bvngu 101 8 disjunctively disjunctively NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 101 9 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 101 10 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 101 11 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 101 12 part part NN cord-020918-056bvngu 101 13 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 101 14 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 101 15 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 101 16 speech speech NN cord-020918-056bvngu 101 17 tagging tagging NN cord-020918-056bvngu 101 18 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 101 19 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 101 20 stemming stem VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 101 21 / / SYM cord-020918-056bvngu 101 22 lemmatizing lemmatize VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 101 23 only only JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 101 24 verbs verb NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 101 25 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 101 26 adjectives adjective NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 101 27 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 102 1 Distinguishing distinguish VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 102 2 Between between IN cord-020918-056bvngu 102 3 Conjunctively Conjunctively NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 102 4 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 102 5 Disjunctively Disjunctively NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 102 6 Written Written NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 102 7 Languages Languages NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 102 8 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 103 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 103 2 mixed mixed JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 103 3 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 103 4 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 103 5 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 103 6 comprised comprise VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 103 7 three three CD cord-020918-056bvngu 103 8 conjunctively conjunctively RB cord-020918-056bvngu 103 9 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 103 10 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 103 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 103 12 isiZulu isizulu XX cord-020918-056bvngu 103 13 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 103 14 Luganda Luganda NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 103 15 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 103 16 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 103 17 Runyankore Runyankore NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 103 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 103 19 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 103 20 three three CD cord-020918-056bvngu 103 21 disjunctively disjunctively NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 103 22 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 103 23 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 103 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 103 25 Sepedi Sepedi NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 103 26 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 103 27 Sesotho Sesotho NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 103 28 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 103 29 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 103 30 Setswana Setswana NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 103 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 103 32 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 104 1 As as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 104 2 explained explain VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 104 3 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 104 4 Sect Sect NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 104 5 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 105 1 2 2 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 105 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 105 3 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 105 4 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 105 5 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 105 6 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 105 7 either either CC cord-020918-056bvngu 105 8 conjunctively conjunctively RB cord-020918-056bvngu 105 9 or or CC cord-020918-056bvngu 105 10 disjunctively disjunctively JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 105 11 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 105 12 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 105 13 therefore therefore RB cord-020918-056bvngu 105 14 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 105 15 there there EX cord-020918-056bvngu 105 16 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 105 17 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 105 18 need need NN cord-020918-056bvngu 105 19 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 105 20 differentiate differentiate VB cord-020918-056bvngu 105 21 between between IN cord-020918-056bvngu 105 22 them -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 105 23 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 105 24 order order NN cord-020918-056bvngu 105 25 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 105 26 perform perform VB cord-020918-056bvngu 105 27 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 105 28 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 105 29 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 105 30 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 106 1 Taljard Taljard NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 106 2 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 106 3 Bosch Bosch NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 106 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 106 5 25 25 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 106 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 106 7 identified identify VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 106 8 that that IN cord-020918-056bvngu 106 9 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 106 10 word word NN cord-020918-056bvngu 106 11 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 106 12 class class NN cord-020918-056bvngu 106 13 tagger tagger NN cord-020918-056bvngu 106 14 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 106 15 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 106 16 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 106 17 disjunctively disjunctively NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 106 18 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 106 19 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 106 20 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 106 21 while while IN cord-020918-056bvngu 106 22 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 106 23 morphological morphological JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 106 24 analyzer analyzer NN cord-020918-056bvngu 106 25 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 106 26 required require VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 106 27 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 106 28 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 106 29 conjunctively conjunctively RB cord-020918-056bvngu 106 30 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 106 31 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 106 32 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 107 1 This this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 107 2 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 107 3 because because IN cord-020918-056bvngu 107 4 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 107 5 disjunctive disjunctive JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 107 6 system system NN cord-020918-056bvngu 107 7 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 107 8 writing writing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 107 9 requires require VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 107 10 bound bind VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 107 11 morphemes morpheme NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 107 12 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 107 13 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 107 14 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 107 15 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 107 16 orthographically orthographically RB cord-020918-056bvngu 107 17 distinct distinct JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 107 18 units unit NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 108 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 108 2 Kea Kea NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 108 3 ba ba NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 108 4 rata rata NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 108 5 ' ' '' cord-020918-056bvngu 109 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 109 2 love love VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 109 3 them -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 109 4 ' ' '' cord-020918-056bvngu 109 5 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 109 6 Sepedi Sepedi NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 109 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 109 8 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 109 9 thus thus RB cord-020918-056bvngu 109 10 making make VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 109 11 morphological morphological JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 109 12 information information NN cord-020918-056bvngu 109 13 explicit explicit JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 109 14 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 109 15 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 109 16 orthography orthography NN cord-020918-056bvngu 109 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 109 18 25 25 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 109 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 109 20 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 110 1 On on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 110 2 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 110 3 other other JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 110 4 hand hand NN cord-020918-056bvngu 110 5 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 110 6 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 110 7 conjunctive conjunctive JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 110 8 writing writing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 110 9 style style NN cord-020918-056bvngu 110 10 requires require VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 110 11 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 110 12 morphological morphological JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 110 13 analyzer analyzer NN cord-020918-056bvngu 110 14 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 110 15 make make VB cord-020918-056bvngu 110 16 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 110 17 different different JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 110 18 morphemes morpheme NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 110 19 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 110 20 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 110 21 orthography orthography NN cord-020918-056bvngu 110 22 explicit explicit JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 110 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 110 24 25 25 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 110 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 110 26 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 110 27 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 110 28 example example NN cord-020918-056bvngu 110 29 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 110 30 Mbakunda Mbakunda NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 110 31 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 110 32 m m NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 110 33 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 110 34 ba ba NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 110 35 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 110 36 kunda kunda NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 110 37 ' ' '' cord-020918-056bvngu 110 38 I -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 110 39 love love VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 110 40 them -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 110 41 ' ' '' cord-020918-056bvngu 110 42 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 110 43 Runyankore Runyankore NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 110 44 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 111 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 111 2 authors author NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 111 3 concluded conclude VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 111 4 that that IN cord-020918-056bvngu 111 5 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 111 6 differences difference NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 111 7 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 111 8 writing write VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 111 9 systems system NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 111 10 necessitate necessitate VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 111 11 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 111 12 use use NN cord-020918-056bvngu 111 13 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 111 14 different different JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 111 15 architectures architecture NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 111 16 specifically specifically RB cord-020918-056bvngu 111 17 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 111 18 part part NN cord-020918-056bvngu 111 19 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 111 20 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 111 21 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 111 22 speech speech NN cord-020918-056bvngu 111 23 tagging tagging NN cord-020918-056bvngu 111 24 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 112 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 112 2 need need NN cord-020918-056bvngu 112 3 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 112 4 part part NN cord-020918-056bvngu 112 5 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 112 6 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 112 7 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 112 8 speech speech NN cord-020918-056bvngu 112 9 tagging tagging NN cord-020918-056bvngu 112 10 was be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 112 11 identified identify VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 112 12 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 112 13 crucial crucial JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 112 14 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 112 15 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 112 16 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 112 17 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 112 18 therefore therefore RB cord-020918-056bvngu 112 19 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 112 20 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 112 21 type type NN cord-020918-056bvngu 112 22 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 112 23 writing write VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 112 24 style style NN cord-020918-056bvngu 112 25 first first RB cord-020918-056bvngu 112 26 needs need VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 112 27 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 112 28 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 112 29 identified identify VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 112 30 before before IN cord-020918-056bvngu 112 31 this this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 112 32 can can MD cord-020918-056bvngu 112 33 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 112 34 performed perform VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 112 35 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 113 1 Part part NN cord-020918-056bvngu 113 2 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 113 3 Of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 113 4 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 113 5 Speech speech NN cord-020918-056bvngu 113 6 Tagging Tagging NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 113 7 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 114 1 Though though IN cord-020918-056bvngu 114 2 neither neither DT cord-020918-056bvngu 114 3 stemming stemming NN cord-020918-056bvngu 114 4 nor nor CC cord-020918-056bvngu 114 5 lemmatization lemmatization NN cord-020918-056bvngu 114 6 were be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 114 7 performed perform VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 114 8 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 114 9 both both DT cord-020918-056bvngu 114 10 datasets dataset NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 114 11 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 114 12 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 114 13 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 114 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 114 15 nonetheless nonetheless RB cord-020918-056bvngu 114 16 recognize recognize VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 114 17 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 114 18 need need NN cord-020918-056bvngu 114 19 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 114 20 stem stem VB cord-020918-056bvngu 114 21 / / SYM cord-020918-056bvngu 114 22 lemmatize lemmatize NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 114 23 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 114 24 verbs verb NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 114 25 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 114 26 adjectives adjective NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 114 27 because because IN cord-020918-056bvngu 114 28 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 114 29 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 114 30 numerous numerous JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 114 31 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 114 32 forms form NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 114 33 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 115 1 Nouns noun NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 115 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 115 3 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 115 4 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 115 5 other other JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 115 6 hand hand NN cord-020918-056bvngu 115 7 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 115 8 should should MD cord-020918-056bvngu 115 9 not not RB cord-020918-056bvngu 115 10 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 115 11 stemmed stem VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 115 12 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 115 13 this this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 115 14 would would MD cord-020918-056bvngu 115 15 result result VB cord-020918-056bvngu 115 16 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 115 17 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 115 18 loss loss NN cord-020918-056bvngu 115 19 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 115 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 115 21 core core NN cord-020918-056bvngu 115 22 semantics semantic NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 115 23 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 116 1 As as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 116 2 explained explain VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 116 3 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 116 4 Sect Sect NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 116 5 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 117 1 2 2 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 117 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 117 3 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 117 4 noun noun NN cord-020918-056bvngu 117 5 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 117 6 composed compose VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 117 7 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 117 8 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 117 9 prefix prefix NN cord-020918-056bvngu 117 10 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 117 11 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 117 12 stem stem NN cord-020918-056bvngu 117 13 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 118 1 However however RB cord-020918-056bvngu 118 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 118 3 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 118 4 stem stem NN cord-020918-056bvngu 118 5 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 118 6 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 118 7 noun noun NN cord-020918-056bvngu 118 8 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 118 9 not not RB cord-020918-056bvngu 118 10 unique unique JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 118 11 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 118 12 but but CC cord-020918-056bvngu 118 13 rather rather RB cord-020918-056bvngu 118 14 gets get VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 118 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 118 16 full full JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 118 17 semantics semantic NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 118 18 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 118 19 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 118 20 prefix prefix NN cord-020918-056bvngu 118 21 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 119 1 Table table NN cord-020918-056bvngu 119 2 1 1 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 119 3 shows show VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 119 4 examples example NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 119 5 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 119 6 tweets tweet NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 119 7 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 119 8 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 119 9 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 119 10 where where WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 119 11 stemming stem VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 119 12 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 119 13 noun noun NN cord-020918-056bvngu 119 14 will will MD cord-020918-056bvngu 119 15 result result VB cord-020918-056bvngu 119 16 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 119 17 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 119 18 meaningless meaningless JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 119 19 stem stem NN cord-020918-056bvngu 119 20 4 4 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 119 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 119 22 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 119 23 nouns noun NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 119 24 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 119 25 interest interest NN cord-020918-056bvngu 119 26 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 119 27 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 119 28 bold bold JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 119 29 font font NN cord-020918-056bvngu 119 30 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 119 31 with with IN cord-020918-056bvngu 119 32 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 119 33 prefix prefix NN cord-020918-056bvngu 119 34 underlined underline VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 119 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 119 36 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 120 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 120 2 examples example NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 120 3 shown show VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 120 4 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 120 5 Table Table NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 120 6 1 1 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 120 7 highlight highlight VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 120 8 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 120 9 problem problem NN cord-020918-056bvngu 120 10 that that WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 120 11 can can MD cord-020918-056bvngu 120 12 result result VB cord-020918-056bvngu 120 13 if if IN cord-020918-056bvngu 120 14 nouns noun NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 120 15 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 120 16 stemmed stem VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 120 17 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 120 18 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 120 19 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 120 20 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 121 1 For for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 121 2 Sepedi Sepedi NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 121 3 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 121 4 sepedi sepedi NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 121 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 121 6 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 121 7 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 121 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 121 9 would would MD cord-020918-056bvngu 121 10 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 121 11 indistinguishable indistinguishable JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 121 12 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 121 13 mopedi mopedi NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 121 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 121 15 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 121 16 member member NN cord-020918-056bvngu 121 17 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 121 18 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 121 19 Bapedi Bapedi NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 121 20 tribe tribe NN cord-020918-056bvngu 121 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 121 22 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 121 23 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 121 24 Setswana Setswana NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 121 25 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 121 26 setswana setswana FW cord-020918-056bvngu 121 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 121 28 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 121 29 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 121 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 121 31 would would MD cord-020918-056bvngu 121 32 have have VB cord-020918-056bvngu 121 33 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 121 34 same same JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 121 35 stem stem NN cord-020918-056bvngu 121 36 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 121 37 Botswana Botswana NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 121 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 121 39 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 121 40 country country NN cord-020918-056bvngu 121 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 121 42 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 121 43 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 121 44 isiZulu isiZulu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 121 45 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 121 46 umuntu umuntu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 121 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 121 48 person person NN cord-020918-056bvngu 121 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 121 50 would would MD cord-020918-056bvngu 121 51 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 121 52 reduced reduce VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 121 53 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 121 54 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 121 55 same same JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 121 56 stem stem NN cord-020918-056bvngu 121 57 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 121 58 abantu abantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 121 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 121 60 people people NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 121 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 121 62 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 122 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-020918-056bvngu 122 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 122 3 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 122 4 isiZulu isiZulu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 122 5 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 122 6 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 122 7 conjunctively conjunctively RB cord-020918-056bvngu 122 8 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 122 9 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 122 10 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 122 11 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 122 12 example example NN cord-020918-056bvngu 122 13 also also RB cord-020918-056bvngu 122 14 shows show VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 122 15 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 122 16 need need NN cord-020918-056bvngu 122 17 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 122 18 morphological morphological JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 122 19 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 122 20 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 122 21 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 122 22 separate separate VB cord-020918-056bvngu 122 23 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 122 24 copulative copulative JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 122 25 ng ng NN cord-020918-056bvngu 122 26 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 122 27 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 122 28 noun noun NN cord-020918-056bvngu 122 29 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 123 1 With with IN cord-020918-056bvngu 123 2 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 123 3 semantics semantic NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 123 4 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 123 5 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 123 6 noun noun NN cord-020918-056bvngu 123 7 removed remove VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 123 8 through through IN cord-020918-056bvngu 123 9 stemming stemming NN cord-020918-056bvngu 123 10 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 123 11 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 123 12 resultant resultant JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 123 13 stems stem VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 123 14 -pedi -pedi JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 123 15 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 123 16 -tswana -tswana , cord-020918-056bvngu 123 17 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 123 18 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 123 19 -ntu -ntu ADD cord-020918-056bvngu 123 20 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 123 21 meaningless meaningless JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 123 22 without without IN cord-020918-056bvngu 123 23 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 123 24 prefix prefix NN cord-020918-056bvngu 123 25 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 124 1 This this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 124 2 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 124 3 turn turn NN cord-020918-056bvngu 124 4 would would MD cord-020918-056bvngu 124 5 affect affect VB cord-020918-056bvngu 124 6 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 124 7 modeling model VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 124 8 downstream downstream RB cord-020918-056bvngu 124 9 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 125 1 Part part NN cord-020918-056bvngu 125 2 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 125 3 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 125 4 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 125 5 speech speech NN cord-020918-056bvngu 125 6 tagging tagging NN cord-020918-056bvngu 125 7 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 125 8 therefore therefore RB cord-020918-056bvngu 125 9 required require VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 125 10 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 125 11 differentiate differentiate VB cord-020918-056bvngu 125 12 between between IN cord-020918-056bvngu 125 13 nouns noun NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 125 14 that that WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 125 15 should should MD cord-020918-056bvngu 125 16 not not RB cord-020918-056bvngu 125 17 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 125 18 stemmed stem VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 125 19 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 125 20 other other JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 125 21 parts part NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 125 22 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 125 23 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 125 24 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 125 25 speech speech NN cord-020918-056bvngu 125 26 that that WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 125 27 should should MD cord-020918-056bvngu 125 28 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 126 1 Stemming stem VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 126 2 Verbs Verbs NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 126 3 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 126 4 Adjectives adjective NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 126 5 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 127 1 A a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 127 2 typical typical JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 127 3 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 127 4 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 127 5 verbal verbal JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 127 6 form form NN cord-020918-056bvngu 127 7 consists consist VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 127 8 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 127 9 one one CD cord-020918-056bvngu 127 10 or or CC cord-020918-056bvngu 127 11 more more RBR cord-020918-056bvngu 127 12 bound bind VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 127 13 morphemes morpheme NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 127 14 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 127 15 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 127 16 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 127 17 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 127 18 root root NN cord-020918-056bvngu 127 19 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 127 20 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 127 21 one one CD cord-020918-056bvngu 127 22 or or CC cord-020918-056bvngu 127 23 more more JJR cord-020918-056bvngu 127 24 extensions extension NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 127 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 127 26 24 24 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 127 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 127 28 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 128 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 128 2 bound bind VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 128 3 morphemes morpheme NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 128 4 include include VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 128 5 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 128 6 subject subject NN cord-020918-056bvngu 128 7 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 128 8 object object NN cord-020918-056bvngu 128 9 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 128 10 which which WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 128 11 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 128 12 determined determine VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 128 13 by by IN cord-020918-056bvngu 128 14 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 128 15 noun noun NN cord-020918-056bvngu 128 16 class class NN cord-020918-056bvngu 128 17 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 128 18 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 128 19 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 128 20 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 128 21 full full JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 128 22 adjectival adjectival JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 128 23 form form NN cord-020918-056bvngu 128 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 128 25 11 11 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 128 26 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 128 27 25 25 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 128 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 128 29 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 129 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-020918-056bvngu 129 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 129 3 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 129 4 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 129 5 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 129 6 like like IN cord-020918-056bvngu 129 7 Runyankore Runyankore NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 129 8 with with IN cord-020918-056bvngu 129 9 20 20 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 129 10 noun noun NN cord-020918-056bvngu 129 11 classes class NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 129 12 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 129 13 there there EX cord-020918-056bvngu 129 14 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 129 15 400 400 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 129 16 different different JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 129 17 ways way NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 129 18 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 129 19 conjugating conjugate VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 129 20 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 129 21 single single JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 129 22 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 129 23 stem stem NN cord-020918-056bvngu 129 24 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 129 25 subject subject NN cord-020918-056bvngu 129 26 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 129 27 object object NN cord-020918-056bvngu 129 28 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 130 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-020918-056bvngu 130 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 130 3 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 130 4 number number NN cord-020918-056bvngu 130 5 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 130 6 extensions extension NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 130 7 can can MD cord-020918-056bvngu 130 8 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 130 9 as as RB cord-020918-056bvngu 130 10 many many JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 130 11 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 130 12 nine nine CD cord-020918-056bvngu 130 13 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 130 14 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 130 15 shown show VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 130 16 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 130 17 Table Table NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 130 18 2 2 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 130 19 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 130 20 where where WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 130 21 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 130 22 single single JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 130 23 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 130 24 stem stem NN cord-020918-056bvngu 130 25 reeb reeb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 130 26 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 130 27 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 130 28 Runyankore Runyankore NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 130 29 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 130 30 bon bon JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 130 31 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 130 32 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 130 33 Sepedi Sepedi NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 130 34 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 130 35 ' ' `` cord-020918-056bvngu 130 36 see see VB cord-020918-056bvngu 130 37 ' ' '' cord-020918-056bvngu 130 38 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 130 39 extended extend VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 130 40 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 131 1 In in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 131 2 addition addition NN cord-020918-056bvngu 131 3 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 131 4 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 131 5 increasing increase VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 131 6 number number NN cord-020918-056bvngu 131 7 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 131 8 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 131 9 forms form NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 131 10 owing owe VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 131 11 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 131 12 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 131 13 extensions extension NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 131 14 shown show VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 131 15 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 131 16 Table Table NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 131 17 2 2 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 131 18 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 131 19 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 131 20 noun noun NN cord-020918-056bvngu 131 21 class class NN cord-020918-056bvngu 131 22 system system NN cord-020918-056bvngu 131 23 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 131 24 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 131 25 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 131 26 typically typically RB cord-020918-056bvngu 131 27 have have VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 131 28 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 131 29 very very RB cord-020918-056bvngu 131 30 large large JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 131 31 number number NN cord-020918-056bvngu 131 32 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 131 33 tenses tense NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 131 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 131 35 20 20 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 131 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 131 37 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 132 1 For for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 132 2 example example NN cord-020918-056bvngu 132 3 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 132 4 Runyankore Runyankore NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 132 5 has have VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 132 6 14 14 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 132 7 tenses tense NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 132 8 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 132 9 28 28 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 132 10 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 132 11 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 132 12 these these DT cord-020918-056bvngu 132 13 too too RB cord-020918-056bvngu 132 14 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 132 15 part part NN cord-020918-056bvngu 132 16 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 132 17 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 132 18 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 132 19 form form NN cord-020918-056bvngu 132 20 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 133 1 This this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 133 2 complex complex JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 133 3 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 133 4 structure structure NN cord-020918-056bvngu 133 5 results result NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 133 6 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 133 7 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 133 8 single single JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 133 9 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 133 10 root root NN cord-020918-056bvngu 133 11 having have VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 133 12 thousands thousand NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 133 13 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 133 14 possible possible JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 133 15 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 133 16 forms form NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 133 17 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 134 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-020918-056bvngu 134 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 134 3 verb verb VB cord-020918-056bvngu 134 4 stemming stem VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 134 5 / / SYM cord-020918-056bvngu 134 6 lemmatizing lemmatizing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 134 7 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 134 8 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 134 9 crucial crucial JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 134 10 step step NN cord-020918-056bvngu 134 11 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 134 12 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 134 13 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 134 14 which which WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 134 15 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 134 16 if if IN cord-020918-056bvngu 134 17 not not RB cord-020918-056bvngu 134 18 performed perform VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 134 19 results result NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 134 20 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 134 21 very very RB cord-020918-056bvngu 134 22 high high JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 134 23 levels level NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 134 24 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 134 25 sparsity sparsity NN cord-020918-056bvngu 134 26 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 134 27 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 134 28 resultant resultant JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 134 29 matrix matrix NN cord-020918-056bvngu 134 30 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 135 1 4 4 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 136 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 136 2 translations translation NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 136 3 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 136 4 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 136 5 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 136 6 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 136 7 Table Table NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 137 1 1 1 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 137 2 Adjectives adjective NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 137 3 also also RB cord-020918-056bvngu 137 4 require require VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 137 5 stemming stem VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 137 6 because because IN cord-020918-056bvngu 137 7 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 137 8 full full JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 137 9 form form NN cord-020918-056bvngu 137 10 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 137 11 an an DT cord-020918-056bvngu 137 12 adjective adjective JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 137 13 depends depend VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 137 14 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 137 15 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 137 16 noun noun NN cord-020918-056bvngu 137 17 class class NN cord-020918-056bvngu 137 18 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 137 19 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 137 20 noun noun NN cord-020918-056bvngu 137 21 being be VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 137 22 described describe VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 137 23 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 138 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-020918-056bvngu 138 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 138 3 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 138 4 number number NN cord-020918-056bvngu 138 5 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 138 6 forms form NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 138 7 that that WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 138 8 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 138 9 single single JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 138 10 adjective adjective NN cord-020918-056bvngu 138 11 can can MD cord-020918-056bvngu 138 12 take take VB cord-020918-056bvngu 138 13 depend depend VB cord-020918-056bvngu 138 14 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 138 15 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 138 16 number number NN cord-020918-056bvngu 138 17 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 138 18 noun noun NN cord-020918-056bvngu 138 19 classes class NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 138 20 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 138 21 that that DT cord-020918-056bvngu 138 22 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 138 23 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 139 1 Runyankore Runyankore NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 139 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 139 3 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 139 4 example example NN cord-020918-056bvngu 139 5 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 139 6 has have VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 139 7 20 20 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 139 8 different different JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 139 9 forms form NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 139 10 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 139 11 each each DT cord-020918-056bvngu 139 12 adjectival adjectival JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 139 13 stem stem NN cord-020918-056bvngu 139 14 because because IN cord-020918-056bvngu 139 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 139 16 has have VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 139 17 20 20 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 139 18 noun noun NN cord-020918-056bvngu 139 19 classes class NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 139 20 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 140 1 Table table NN cord-020918-056bvngu 140 2 3 3 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 140 3 shows show VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 140 4 some some DT cord-020918-056bvngu 140 5 examples example NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 140 6 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 140 7 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 140 8 forms form NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 140 9 that that WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 140 10 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 140 11 adjective adjective JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 140 12 ' ' `` cord-020918-056bvngu 140 13 beautiful beautiful JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 140 14 ' ' '' cord-020918-056bvngu 140 15 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 140 16 Runyankore Runyankore NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 140 17 -rungi -rungi NFP cord-020918-056bvngu 140 18 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 140 19 Sepedi Sepedi NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 141 1 -botse -botse . cord-020918-056bvngu 142 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 142 2 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 142 3 adjective adjective JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 142 4 prefix prefix NN cord-020918-056bvngu 142 5 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 142 6 underlined underline VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 142 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 142 8 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 143 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 143 2 21 21 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 143 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 143 4 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 144 1 As as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 144 2 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 144 3 result result NN cord-020918-056bvngu 144 4 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 144 5 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 144 6 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 144 7 conjunctive conjunctive JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 144 8 writing writing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 144 9 style style NN cord-020918-056bvngu 144 10 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 144 11 an an DT cord-020918-056bvngu 144 12 entire entire JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 144 13 sentence sentence NN cord-020918-056bvngu 144 14 can can MD cord-020918-056bvngu 144 15 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 144 16 represented represent VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 144 17 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 144 18 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 144 19 single single JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 144 20 word word NN cord-020918-056bvngu 144 21 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 145 1 Consider consider VB cord-020918-056bvngu 145 2 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 145 3 following follow VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 145 4 Runyankore Runyankore NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 145 5 example example NN cord-020918-056bvngu 145 6 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 145 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 145 8 28 28 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 145 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 145 10 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 146 1 Titukakimureeterahoganu Titukakimureeterahoganu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 146 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 146 3 meaning mean VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 146 4 ' ' `` cord-020918-056bvngu 146 5 We -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 146 6 have have VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 146 7 never never RB cord-020918-056bvngu 146 8 ever ever RB cord-020918-056bvngu 146 9 brought bring VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 146 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 146 11 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 146 12 him -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 146 13 ' ' '' cord-020918-056bvngu 146 14 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 146 15 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 146 16 comprises comprise VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 146 17 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 146 18 morphemes morphemes JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 146 19 titu titu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 146 20 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 146 21 ka ka NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 146 22 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 146 23 ki ki NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 146 24 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 146 25 mu mu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 146 26 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 146 27 reet reet JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 146 28 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 146 29 er er JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 146 30 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 146 31 a a FW cord-020918-056bvngu 146 32 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 146 33 ho ho NN cord-020918-056bvngu 146 34 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 146 35 ga ga NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 146 36 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 146 37 nu nu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 146 38 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 147 1 For for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 147 2 this this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 147 3 reason reason NN cord-020918-056bvngu 147 4 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 147 5 all all DT cord-020918-056bvngu 147 6 tweets tweet NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 147 7 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 147 8 despite despite IN cord-020918-056bvngu 147 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 147 10 length length NN cord-020918-056bvngu 147 11 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 147 12 were be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 147 13 included include VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 147 14 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 147 15 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 147 16 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 147 17 modeling modeling NN cord-020918-056bvngu 147 18 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 147 19 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 147 20 mixed mixed JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 147 21 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 147 22 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 147 23 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 147 24 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 148 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 148 2 also also RB cord-020918-056bvngu 148 3 included include VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 148 4 all all DT cord-020918-056bvngu 148 5 tokens token NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 148 6 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 148 7 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 148 8 mixed mixed JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 148 9 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 148 10 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 148 11 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 148 12 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 148 13 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 148 14 modeling modeling NN cord-020918-056bvngu 148 15 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 149 1 Although although IN cord-020918-056bvngu 149 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 149 3 this this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 149 4 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 149 5 contrary contrary JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 149 6 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 149 7 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 149 8 recommended recommend VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 149 9 minimum minimum NN cord-020918-056bvngu 149 10 token token NN cord-020918-056bvngu 149 11 count count NN cord-020918-056bvngu 149 12 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 149 13 three three CD cord-020918-056bvngu 149 14 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 149 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 149 16 was be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 149 17 done do VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 149 18 because because IN cord-020918-056bvngu 149 19 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 149 20 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 149 21 explained explain VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 149 22 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 149 23 Sect Sect NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 149 24 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 150 1 4.2 4.2 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 150 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 150 3 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 150 4 single single JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 150 5 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 150 6 stem stem NN cord-020918-056bvngu 150 7 can can MD cord-020918-056bvngu 150 8 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 150 9 inflected inflect VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 150 10 into into IN cord-020918-056bvngu 150 11 thousands thousand NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 150 12 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 150 13 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 150 14 forms form NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 150 15 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 150 16 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 150 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 150 18 should should MD cord-020918-056bvngu 150 19 therefore therefore RB cord-020918-056bvngu 150 20 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 150 21 expected expect VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 150 22 that that IN cord-020918-056bvngu 150 23 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 150 24 without without IN cord-020918-056bvngu 150 25 performing perform VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 150 26 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 150 27 stemming stem VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 150 28 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 150 29 such such JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 150 30 tokens token NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 150 31 will will MD cord-020918-056bvngu 150 32 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 150 33 extremely extremely RB cord-020918-056bvngu 150 34 rare rare JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 150 35 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 150 36 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 150 37 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 150 38 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 151 1 From from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 2 measuring measure VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 151 3 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 151 4 number number NN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 5 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 6 tokens token NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 151 7 below below IN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 8 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 151 9 recommended recommend VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 10 threshold threshold NN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 11 count count NN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 12 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 13 three three CD cord-020918-056bvngu 151 14 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 15 both both DT cord-020918-056bvngu 151 16 datasets dataset NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 151 17 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 151 18 we -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 151 19 found find VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 151 20 that that IN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 21 72.04 72.04 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 151 22 % % NN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 23 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 24 tokens token NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 151 25 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 26 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 151 27 mixed mixed JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 151 28 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 151 29 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 30 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 31 were be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 151 32 below below IN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 33 this this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 151 34 threshold threshold NN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 35 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 151 36 compared compare VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 37 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 38 0.00 0.00 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 151 39 % % NN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 40 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 41 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 151 42 English english JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 151 43 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 151 44 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 152 1 This this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 152 2 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 152 3 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 152 4 significant significant JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 152 5 result result NN cord-020918-056bvngu 152 6 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 152 7 again again RB cord-020918-056bvngu 152 8 pointing point VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 152 9 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 152 10 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 152 11 importance importance NN cord-020918-056bvngu 152 12 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 152 13 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 152 14 stemming stem VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 152 15 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 152 16 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 152 17 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 153 1 Conversely conversely RB cord-020918-056bvngu 153 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 153 3 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 153 4 English english JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 153 5 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 153 6 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 153 7 which which WDT cord-020918-056bvngu 153 8 was be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 153 9 not not RB cord-020918-056bvngu 153 10 stemmed stem VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 153 11 either either RB cord-020918-056bvngu 153 12 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 153 13 does do VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 153 14 not not RB cord-020918-056bvngu 153 15 show show VB cord-020918-056bvngu 153 16 such such PDT cord-020918-056bvngu 153 17 an an DT cord-020918-056bvngu 153 18 adverse adverse JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 153 19 need need NN cord-020918-056bvngu 153 20 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 153 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 153 22 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 154 1 There there EX cord-020918-056bvngu 154 2 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 154 3 currently currently RB cord-020918-056bvngu 154 4 no no DT cord-020918-056bvngu 154 5 publicly publicly RB cord-020918-056bvngu 154 6 available available JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 154 7 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 154 8 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 154 9 implementations implementation NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 154 10 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 154 11 any any DT cord-020918-056bvngu 154 12 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 154 13 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 154 14 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 154 15 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 154 16 used use VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 154 17 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 154 18 this this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 154 19 investigation investigation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 154 20 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 155 1 However however RB cord-020918-056bvngu 155 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 155 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 155 4 assessed assess VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 155 5 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 155 6 currently currently RB cord-020918-056bvngu 155 7 available available JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 155 8 tools tool NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 155 9 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 155 10 evaluate evaluate VB cord-020918-056bvngu 155 11 whether whether IN cord-020918-056bvngu 155 12 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 155 13 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 155 14 could could MD cord-020918-056bvngu 155 15 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 155 16 done do VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 155 17 following follow VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 155 18 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 155 19 standard standard JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 155 20 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 155 21 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 156 1 In in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 156 2 Sect Sect NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 156 3 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 157 1 3 3 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 157 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 157 3 four four CD cord-020918-056bvngu 157 4 features feature NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 157 5 were be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 157 6 identified identify VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 157 7 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 157 8 important important JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 157 9 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 157 10 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 157 11 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 157 12 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 157 13 three three CD cord-020918-056bvngu 157 14 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 157 15 these these DT cord-020918-056bvngu 157 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 157 17 terms term NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 157 18 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 157 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 157 20 frequency frequency NN cord-020918-056bvngu 157 21 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 157 22 adjectives adjective NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 157 23 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 157 24 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 157 25 opinion opinion NN cord-020918-056bvngu 157 26 words word NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 157 27 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 157 28 phrases phrase NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 157 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 157 30 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 157 31 also also RB cord-020918-056bvngu 157 32 applicable applicable JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 157 33 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 157 34 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 157 35 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 157 36 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 157 37 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 157 38 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 158 1 However however RB cord-020918-056bvngu 158 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 158 3 if if IN cord-020918-056bvngu 158 4 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 158 5 stemming stemming NN cord-020918-056bvngu 158 6 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 158 7 performed perform VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 158 8 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 158 9 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 158 10 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 158 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 158 12 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 158 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 158 14 recommend recommend VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 158 15 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 158 16 Sect Sect NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 158 17 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 159 1 4.2 4.2 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 159 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 159 3 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 159 4 negation negation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 159 5 will will MD cord-020918-056bvngu 159 6 present present VB cord-020918-056bvngu 159 7 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 159 8 differentiating differentiate VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 159 9 factor factor NN cord-020918-056bvngu 159 10 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 159 11 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 159 12 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 159 13 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 160 1 This this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 160 2 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 160 3 because because IN cord-020918-056bvngu 160 4 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 160 5 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 160 6 conjunctively conjunctively RB cord-020918-056bvngu 160 7 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 160 8 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 160 9 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 160 10 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 160 11 negation negation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 160 12 morpheme(s morpheme(s NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 160 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 160 14 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 160 15 agglutinated agglutinate VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 160 16 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 160 17 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 160 18 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 160 19 stem stem NN cord-020918-056bvngu 160 20 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 160 21 while while IN cord-020918-056bvngu 160 22 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 160 23 disjunctively disjunctively NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 160 24 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 160 25 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 160 26 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 160 27 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 160 28 negation negation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 160 29 morpheme morpheme NN cord-020918-056bvngu 160 30 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 160 31 not not RB cord-020918-056bvngu 160 32 necessarily necessarily RB cord-020918-056bvngu 160 33 only only RB cord-020918-056bvngu 160 34 used use VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 160 35 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 160 36 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 160 37 context context NN cord-020918-056bvngu 160 38 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 160 39 negation negation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 160 40 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 161 1 Consider consider VB cord-020918-056bvngu 161 2 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 161 3 excerpts excerpt NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 161 4 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 161 5 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 161 6 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 161 7 shown show VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 161 8 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 161 9 Table Table NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 161 10 4 4 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 161 11 5 5 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 161 12 writing writing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 161 13 styles style NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 161 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 161 15 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 161 16 negation negation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 161 17 morphemes morpheme NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 161 18 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 161 19 underlined underline VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 161 20 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 161 21 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 161 22 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 161 23 roots root NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 161 24 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 161 25 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 161 26 bold bold JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 161 27 font font NN cord-020918-056bvngu 161 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 161 29 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 162 1 In in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 2 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 162 3 standard standard JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 162 4 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 5 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 162 6 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 7 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 8 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 162 9 performed perform VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 10 after after IN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 11 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 12 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 13 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 162 14 visualization visualization NN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 15 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 162 16 clustering clustering NN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 17 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 162 18 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 162 19 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 20 modeling modeling NN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 21 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 162 22 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 23 order order NN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 24 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 162 25 assess assess VB cord-020918-056bvngu 162 26 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 162 27 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 28 associated associate VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 29 within within IN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 30 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 162 31 specific specific JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 162 32 cluster cluster NN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 33 or or CC cord-020918-056bvngu 162 34 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 162 35 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 163 1 However however RB cord-020918-056bvngu 163 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 163 3 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 4 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 163 5 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 163 6 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 163 7 once once RB cord-020918-056bvngu 163 8 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 9 stemming stemming NN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 10 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 163 11 performed perform VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 12 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 13 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 14 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 15 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 163 16 then then RB cord-020918-056bvngu 163 17 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 163 18 verbs verbs NN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 19 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 20 Table Table NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 163 21 4 4 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 163 22 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 163 23 reduced reduce VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 24 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 163 26 roots root NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 163 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 163 28 shown show VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 29 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 30 bold bold JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 163 31 font font NN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 163 33 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 163 34 thus thus RB cord-020918-056bvngu 163 35 losing lose VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 163 36 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 163 37 negation negation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 38 morphemes morpheme VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 39 ti ti NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 163 40 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 163 41 ta ta NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 163 42 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 163 43 ga ga NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 163 44 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 163 45 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 163 46 e. e. NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 163 47 Further further JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 163 48 complexities complexity NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 163 49 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 50 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 51 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 163 52 arise arise VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 163 53 from:(1 from:(1 RB cord-020918-056bvngu 163 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 164 1 multiple multiple JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 164 2 rules rule NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 164 3 regarding regard VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 164 4 negation negation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 164 5 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 164 6 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 164 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 164 8 2 2 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 164 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 164 10 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 164 11 negation negation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 164 12 morpheme morpheme NN cord-020918-056bvngu 164 13 being be VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 164 14 applicable applicable JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 164 15 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 164 16 other other JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 164 17 parts part NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 164 18 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 164 19 speech speech NN cord-020918-056bvngu 164 20 other other JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 164 21 than than IN cord-020918-056bvngu 164 22 negation negation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 164 23 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 165 1 For for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 2 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 165 3 former former JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 165 4 case case NN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 5 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 165 6 consider consider VB cord-020918-056bvngu 165 7 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 165 8 example example NN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 9 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 10 Runyankore Runyankore NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 165 11 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 165 12 where where WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 165 13 ti ti NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 165 14 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 165 15 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 165 16 primary primary JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 165 17 negative negative NN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 18 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 165 19 ta ta NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 165 20 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 165 21 secondary secondary JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 165 22 negative negative NN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 23 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 165 24 Sepedi Sepedi NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 165 25 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 165 26 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 27 addition addition NN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 28 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 29 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 165 30 negation negation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 31 morpheme morpheme NN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 32 ga ga NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 165 33 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 165 34 encodes encode VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 165 35 negation negation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 36 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 37 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 165 38 change change NN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 39 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 40 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 165 41 final final JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 165 42 vowel vowel NN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 43 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 44 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 165 45 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 46 e. e. NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 165 47 Losing lose VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 165 48 such such JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 165 49 morphemes morpheme NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 165 50 would would MD cord-020918-056bvngu 165 51 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 52 turn turn NN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 53 skew skew VB cord-020918-056bvngu 165 54 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 165 55 results result NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 165 56 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 57 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 58 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 59 further further RB cord-020918-056bvngu 165 60 down down IN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 61 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 165 62 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 165 63 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 166 1 From from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 166 2 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 166 3 findings finding NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 166 4 presented present VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 166 5 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 166 6 Sect Sect NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 166 7 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 167 1 4 4 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 167 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 167 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 167 4 have have VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 167 5 shown show VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 167 6 that that IN cord-020918-056bvngu 167 7 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 167 8 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 167 9 require require VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 167 10 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 167 11 different different JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 167 12 architecture architecture NN cord-020918-056bvngu 167 13 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 167 14 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 167 15 ' ' `` cord-020918-056bvngu 167 16 standard standard NN cord-020918-056bvngu 167 17 ' ' '' cord-020918-056bvngu 167 18 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 168 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 168 2 therefore therefore RB cord-020918-056bvngu 168 3 propose propose VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 168 4 an an DT cord-020918-056bvngu 168 5 alternative alternative JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 168 6 architecture architecture NN cord-020918-056bvngu 168 7 shown show VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 168 8 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 168 9 Fig Fig NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 168 10 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 169 1 2 2 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 169 2 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 170 1 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 170 2 following follow VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 170 3 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 170 4 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 170 5 areas area NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 170 6 where where WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 170 7 differences difference NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 170 8 arise arise VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 170 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 170 10 note note VB cord-020918-056bvngu 170 11 that that IN cord-020918-056bvngu 170 12 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 170 13 other other JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 170 14 processes process NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 170 15 maintain maintain VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 170 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 170 17 original original JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 170 18 placement placement NN cord-020918-056bvngu 170 19 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 170 20 Fig Fig NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 170 21 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 171 1 1 1 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 171 2 ): ): NN cord-020918-056bvngu 171 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 171 4 1 1 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 171 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 172 1 During during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 172 2 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 172 3 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 172 4 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 172 5 identifying identify VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 172 6 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 172 7 writing writing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 172 8 style style NN cord-020918-056bvngu 172 9 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 172 10 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 172 11 language language NN cord-020918-056bvngu 172 12 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 172 13 done do VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 172 14 first first RB cord-020918-056bvngu 172 15 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 172 16 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 172 17 determine determine VB cord-020918-056bvngu 172 18 whether whether IN cord-020918-056bvngu 172 19 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 172 20 perform perform VB cord-020918-056bvngu 172 21 part part NN cord-020918-056bvngu 172 22 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 172 23 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 172 24 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 172 25 speech speech NN cord-020918-056bvngu 172 26 tagging tagging NN cord-020918-056bvngu 172 27 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 172 28 Disjunctively Disjunctively NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 172 29 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 172 30 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 172 31 or or CC cord-020918-056bvngu 172 32 morphological morphological JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 172 33 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 172 34 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 172 35 conjunctively conjunctively RB cord-020918-056bvngu 172 36 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 172 37 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 172 38 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 173 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 173 2 2 2 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 173 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 174 1 Next next RB cord-020918-056bvngu 174 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 174 3 part part NN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 4 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 174 5 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 6 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 174 7 speech speech NN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 8 tagging tagging NN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 9 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 174 10 morphological morphological JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 174 11 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 12 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 174 13 performed perform VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 14 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 174 15 prevent prevent VB cord-020918-056bvngu 174 16 nouns noun NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 174 17 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 18 being be VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 174 19 stemmed stem VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 20 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 174 21 thus thus RB cord-020918-056bvngu 174 22 avoiding avoid VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 174 23 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 174 24 loss loss NN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 25 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 174 27 semantics semantic NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 174 28 encoded encode VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 29 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 30 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 174 31 noun noun NN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 32 prefix prefix NN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 33 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 174 34 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 174 35 ensure ensure VB cord-020918-056bvngu 174 36 that that IN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 37 verbs verb NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 174 38 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 174 39 adjectives adjective NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 174 40 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 174 41 stemmed stem VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 42 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 43 order order NN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 44 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 174 45 avoid avoid VB cord-020918-056bvngu 174 46 noise noise NN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 47 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 48 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 174 49 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 174 50 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 174 51 high high JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 174 52 levels level NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 174 53 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 54 sparsity sparsity NN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 55 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 56 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 174 57 resultant resultant JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 174 58 matrix matrix NN cord-020918-056bvngu 174 59 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 175 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 175 2 3 3 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 175 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 175 4 Sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 175 5 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 175 6 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 175 7 performed perform VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 175 8 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 175 9 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 175 10 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 175 11 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 175 12 before before IN cord-020918-056bvngu 175 13 any any DT cord-020918-056bvngu 175 14 negation negation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 175 15 morphemes morpheme NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 175 16 are be VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 175 17 lost lose VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 175 18 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 175 19 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 175 20 stemming stemming NN cord-020918-056bvngu 175 21 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 176 1 Further further RB cord-020918-056bvngu 176 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 176 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 176 4 is be VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 176 5 performed perform VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 6 after after IN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 7 part part NN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 8 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 176 9 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 10 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 176 11 speech speech NN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 12 tagging tagging NN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 13 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 176 14 morphological morphological JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 176 15 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 16 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 176 17 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 18 order order NN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 19 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 176 20 avoid avoid VB cord-020918-056bvngu 176 21 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 176 22 ambiguity ambiguity NN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 23 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 24 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 176 25 negation negation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 26 morpheme morpheme NN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 27 identified identify VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 28 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 29 some some DT cord-020918-056bvngu 176 30 disjunctively disjunctively NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 176 31 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 32 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 176 33 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 176 34 while while IN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 35 also also RB cord-020918-056bvngu 176 36 making make VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 176 37 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 176 38 negation negation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 39 morpheme morpheme NN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 40 explicit explicit JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 176 41 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 42 conjunctively conjunctively RB cord-020918-056bvngu 176 43 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 176 44 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 176 45 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 177 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 177 2 4 4 LS cord-020918-056bvngu 177 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 177 4 Finally finally RB cord-020918-056bvngu 177 5 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 177 6 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 177 7 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 177 8 modeling modeling NN cord-020918-056bvngu 177 9 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 177 10 without without IN cord-020918-056bvngu 177 11 stemming stem VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 177 12 verbs verb NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 177 13 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 177 14 adjectives adjective NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 177 15 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 177 16 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 177 17 threshold threshold NN cord-020918-056bvngu 177 18 counts count NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 177 19 should should MD cord-020918-056bvngu 177 20 not not RB cord-020918-056bvngu 177 21 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 177 22 applied apply VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 177 23 because because IN cord-020918-056bvngu 177 24 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 177 25 significant significant JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 177 26 amount amount NN cord-020918-056bvngu 177 27 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 177 28 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 177 29 dataset dataset NN cord-020918-056bvngu 177 30 will will MD cord-020918-056bvngu 177 31 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 177 32 excluded exclude VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 177 33 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 178 1 In in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 178 2 this this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 178 3 paper paper NN cord-020918-056bvngu 178 4 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 178 5 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 178 6 standard standard JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 178 7 insights insight NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 178 8 extraction extraction NN cord-020918-056bvngu 178 9 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 178 10 was be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 178 11 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 178 12 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 178 13 how how WRB cord-020918-056bvngu 178 14 well well RB cord-020918-056bvngu 178 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 178 16 applies apply VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 178 17 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 178 18 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 178 19 grammatically grammatically RB cord-020918-056bvngu 178 20 complex complex JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 178 21 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 178 22 under under RB cord-020918-056bvngu 178 23 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 178 24 resourced resource VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 178 25 family family NN cord-020918-056bvngu 178 26 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 178 27 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 178 28 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 178 29 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 178 30 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 178 31 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 179 1 Seven seven CD cord-020918-056bvngu 179 2 processes process NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 179 3 were be VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 179 4 identified identify VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 5 as as IN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 6 belonging belong VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 179 7 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 8 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 179 9 standard standard JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 179 10 pipeline pipeline NN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 179 12 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 13 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 14 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 179 15 dimensionality dimensionality NN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 16 reduction reduction NN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 17 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 179 18 visualization visualization NN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 19 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 179 20 clustering clustering NN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 21 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 179 22 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 23 modeling modeling NN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 24 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 179 25 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 26 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 27 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 179 28 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 179 29 network network NN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 30 graphing graphing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-020918-056bvngu 179 32 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 179 33 tested test VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 34 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 35 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 179 36 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 37 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 38 two two CD cord-020918-056bvngu 179 39 datasets dataset NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 179 40 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 41 20,000 20,000 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 179 42 tweets tweet NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 179 43 each each DT cord-020918-056bvngu 179 44 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 179 45 one one CD cord-020918-056bvngu 179 46 composed compose VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 47 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 48 English English NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 179 49 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 179 50 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 179 51 other other JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 179 52 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 179 53 mixture mixture NN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 54 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 179 55 English English NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 179 56 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 179 57 six six CD cord-020918-056bvngu 179 58 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 179 59 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 179 60 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 180 1 Results result NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 180 2 showed show VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 180 3 that that IN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 4 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 180 5 conjunctively conjunctively RB cord-020918-056bvngu 180 6 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 7 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 180 8 should should MD cord-020918-056bvngu 180 9 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 180 10 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 11 from from IN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 12 disjunctively disjunctively NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 180 13 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 14 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 180 15 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 180 16 because because IN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 17 they -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 180 18 require require VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 180 19 different different JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 180 20 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 21 steps step NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 180 22 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 180 23 verbs verb NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 180 24 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 180 25 adjectives adjective NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 180 26 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 180 27 but but CC cord-020918-056bvngu 180 28 not not RB cord-020918-056bvngu 180 29 nouns noun NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 180 30 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 180 31 should should MD cord-020918-056bvngu 180 32 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 180 33 stemmed stem VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 34 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 180 35 threshold threshold NN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 36 counts count NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 180 37 should should MD cord-020918-056bvngu 180 38 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 180 39 revised revise VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 40 during during IN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 41 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 42 modeling modeling NN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 43 ; ; : cord-020918-056bvngu 180 44 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 180 45 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 46 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 47 should should MD cord-020918-056bvngu 180 48 be be VB cord-020918-056bvngu 180 49 done do VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 50 before before IN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 51 verb verb NN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 52 stemming stemming NN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 53 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 180 54 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 55 order order NN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 56 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 180 57 prevent prevent VB cord-020918-056bvngu 180 58 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 180 59 loss loss NN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 60 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 61 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 180 62 negation negation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 63 morpheme morpheme NN cord-020918-056bvngu 180 64 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 181 1 Future future JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 181 2 work work NN cord-020918-056bvngu 181 3 will will MD cord-020918-056bvngu 181 4 include include VB cord-020918-056bvngu 181 5 implementing implement VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 181 6 these these DT cord-020918-056bvngu 181 7 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 181 8 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 181 9 assessing assess VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 181 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-020918-056bvngu 181 11 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-020918-056bvngu 181 12 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 182 1 But but CC cord-020918-056bvngu 182 2 honestly honestly RB cord-020918-056bvngu 182 3 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 182 4 who who WP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 5 does do VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 182 6 not not RB cord-020918-056bvngu 182 7 see see VB cord-020918-056bvngu 182 8 this this DT cord-020918-056bvngu 182 9 ' ' '' cord-020918-056bvngu 182 10 Ka Ka NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 11 sepedi sepedi NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 12 ga ga NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 13 re re NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 14 berekise berekise NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 15 c c NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 16 q q NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 17 z z NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 18 le le NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 19 x x NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 20 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 182 21 ' ' '' cord-020918-056bvngu 182 22 In in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 23 sepedi sepedi NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 24 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 182 25 we -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 26 do do VBP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 27 n't not RB cord-020918-056bvngu 182 28 use use VB cord-020918-056bvngu 182 29 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 182 30 letters letter NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 182 31 c c NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 32 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 182 33 q q NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 34 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 182 35 z z NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 36 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 182 37 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 182 38 x x NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 39 ' ' '' cord-020918-056bvngu 182 40 Ga Ga NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 41 re re NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 42 buwe buwe NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 43 sesotho sesotho NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 44 mo mo NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 45 limpopo limpopo NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 46 Social Social NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 47 Media Media NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 48 Marketing Marketing NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 49 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 182 50 The the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 182 51 Case Case NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 52 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 53 Africa Africa NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 54 Revisiting revisit VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 182 55 k k NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 56 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 182 57 means mean NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 182 58 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 182 59 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 60 modeling modeling NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 61 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 182 62 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 182 63 comparison comparison NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 64 study study NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 65 to to TO cord-020918-056bvngu 182 66 cluster cluster VB cord-020918-056bvngu 182 67 arabic arabic JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 182 68 documents document NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 182 69 Text Text NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 70 clustering cluster VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 182 71 with with IN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 72 local local JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 182 73 semantic semantic JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 182 74 kernel kernel NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 75 Social Social NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 76 network network NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 77 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 78 using use VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 182 79 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 80 models model NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 182 81 Topical topical JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 182 82 clustering clustering NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 83 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 84 tweets tweet NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 182 85 Cluster cluster NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 86 preserving preserve VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 182 87 dimension dimension NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 88 reduction reduction NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 89 methods method NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 182 90 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 91 document document NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 92 classification classification NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 93 Non non JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 182 94 - - JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 182 95 negative negative JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 182 96 matrix matrix NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 97 factorization factorization NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 98 with with IN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 99 sparsity sparsity NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 100 constraints constraint NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 182 101 Internet internet NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 102 World world NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 103 Stats Stats NNPS cord-020918-056bvngu 182 104 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 182 105 Africa Africa NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 182 106 Internet internet NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 107 user user NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 108 stats stat NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 182 109 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 110 2019 2019 CD cord-020918-056bvngu 182 111 population population NN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 112 by by IN cord-020918-056bvngu 182 113 country country NN cord-020918-056bvngu 183 1 A a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 183 2 Users user NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 183 3 Guide Guide NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 183 4 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 183 5 Principal Principal NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 183 6 Components Components NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 183 7 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 183 8 Principal Principal NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 183 9 component component NN cord-020918-056bvngu 183 10 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 183 11 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 183 12 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 183 13 review review NN cord-020918-056bvngu 183 14 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 183 15 recent recent JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 183 16 developments development NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 184 1 Bantu bantu JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 184 2 nominal nominal JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 184 3 morphology morphology NN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 4 Promoting promote VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 184 5 content content NN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 6 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 7 Africa Africa NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 184 8 Sparse Sparse NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 184 9 nonnegative nonnegative JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 184 10 matrix matrix NN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 11 factorization factorization NN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 12 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 13 clustering cluster VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 184 14 Nonnegative Nonnegative NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 184 15 matrix matrix NN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 16 factorization factorization NN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 17 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 18 interactive interactive JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 184 19 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 20 modeling modeling NN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 21 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 184 22 document document NN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 23 clustering clustering NN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 24 Extracting extract VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 184 25 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 184 26 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 184 27 conversational conversational JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 184 28 patterns pattern NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 184 29 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 30 social social JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 184 31 media medium NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 184 32 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 184 33 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 184 34 socio socio JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 184 35 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 184 36 semantic semantic JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 184 37 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 38 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 39 customers customer NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 184 40 ' ' POS cord-020918-056bvngu 184 41 reactions reaction NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 184 42 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 43 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 184 44 launch launch NN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 45 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 184 46 new new JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 184 47 products product NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 184 48 using use VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 184 49 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 184 50 streams stream NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 185 1 A a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 185 2 survey survey NN cord-020918-056bvngu 185 3 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 185 4 opinion opinion NN cord-020918-056bvngu 185 5 mining mining NN cord-020918-056bvngu 185 6 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 185 7 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 185 8 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 186 1 A a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 186 2 comparative comparative JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 186 3 study study NN cord-020918-056bvngu 186 4 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 186 5 bantu bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 186 6 noun noun NN cord-020918-056bvngu 186 7 classes class VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 186 8 Dimensionality Dimensionality NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 186 9 reduction reduction NN cord-020918-056bvngu 186 10 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 186 11 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 186 12 using use VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 186 13 domain domain NN cord-020918-056bvngu 186 14 knowledge knowledge NN cord-020918-056bvngu 186 15 Information information NN cord-020918-056bvngu 186 16 circulation circulation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 186 17 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 186 18 times time NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 186 19 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 186 20 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 186 21 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 187 1 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 187 2 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 187 3 the the DT cord-020918-056bvngu 187 4 sexual sexual JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 187 5 transmission transmission NN cord-020918-056bvngu 187 6 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 187 7 Ebolaby Ebolaby NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 187 8 survivors survivor NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 187 9 Aspect aspect NN cord-020918-056bvngu 187 10 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 187 11 tense tense JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 187 12 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 187 13 bantu bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 187 14 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 188 1 Introduction introduction NN cord-020918-056bvngu 188 2 Sparse sparse JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 188 3 non non JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 188 4 - - JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 188 5 negative negative JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 188 6 matrix matrix NN cord-020918-056bvngu 188 7 factorization factorization NN cord-020918-056bvngu 188 8 using use VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 188 9 l0-constraints l0-constraint VBZ cord-020918-056bvngu 188 10 Derivation Derivation NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 188 11 A a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 188 12 comparison comparison NN cord-020918-056bvngu 188 13 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 188 14 approaches approach NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 188 15 to to IN cord-020918-056bvngu 188 16 word word NN cord-020918-056bvngu 188 17 class class NN cord-020918-056bvngu 188 18 tagging tagging NN cord-020918-056bvngu 188 19 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 189 1 conjunctively conjunctively NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 189 2 versus versus IN cord-020918-056bvngu 189 3 disjunctively disjunctively RB cord-020918-056bvngu 189 4 written write VBN cord-020918-056bvngu 189 5 Bantu Bantu NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 189 6 languages language NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 190 1 What what WP cord-020918-056bvngu 190 2 patients patient NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 190 3 can can MD cord-020918-056bvngu 190 4 tell tell VB cord-020918-056bvngu 190 5 us -PRON- PRP cord-020918-056bvngu 190 6 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 190 7 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 190 8 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 190 9 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 190 10 social social JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 190 11 media medium NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 190 12 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 190 13 breast breast NN cord-020918-056bvngu 190 14 cancer cancer NN cord-020918-056bvngu 190 15 Approaches approach NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 190 16 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 190 17 sentiment sentiment NN cord-020918-056bvngu 190 18 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 190 19 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 190 20 Twitter Twitter NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 190 21 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 190 22 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 190 23 state state NN cord-020918-056bvngu 190 24 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 190 25 ofart ofart NN cord-020918-056bvngu 190 26 study study NN cord-020918-056bvngu 190 27 Tense Tense NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 190 28 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 190 29 Aspect Aspect NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 190 30 in in IN cord-020918-056bvngu 190 31 Runyankore Runyankore NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 190 32 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 190 33 Rukiga Rukiga NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 190 34 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 190 35 Linguistic Linguistic NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 190 36 Resources Resources NNPS cord-020918-056bvngu 190 37 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 190 38 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 190 39 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 191 1 Master Master NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 191 2 's 's POS cord-020918-056bvngu 191 3 thesis thesis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 192 1 A a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 192 2 review review NN cord-020918-056bvngu 192 3 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 192 4 non non JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 192 5 - - JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 192 6 negative negative JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 192 7 matrix matrix NN cord-020918-056bvngu 192 8 factorization factorization NN cord-020918-056bvngu 192 9 methods method NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 192 10 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 192 11 clustering cluster VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 192 12 High high JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 192 13 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 192 14 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 192 15 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 192 16 using use VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 192 17 t t NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 192 18 - - HYPH cord-020918-056bvngu 192 19 SNE SNE NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 192 20 Dimensionality Dimensionality NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 192 21 reduction reduction NN cord-020918-056bvngu 192 22 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 192 23 a a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 192 24 comparative comparative JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 192 25 review review NN cord-020918-056bvngu 192 26 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 193 1 Tiburg Tiburg NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 193 2 Centre Centre NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 193 3 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 193 4 Creative Creative NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 193 5 Computing Computing NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 193 6 Computer Computer NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 193 7 assisted assist VBD cord-020918-056bvngu 193 8 text text NN cord-020918-056bvngu 193 9 analysis analysis NN cord-020918-056bvngu 193 10 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 193 11 social social NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 193 12 science science NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 193 13 : : : cord-020918-056bvngu 193 14 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 193 15 models model NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 193 16 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 193 17 beyond beyond IN cord-020918-056bvngu 193 18 . . . cord-020918-056bvngu 194 1 Computation computation NN cord-020918-056bvngu 194 2 , , , cord-020918-056bvngu 194 3 and and CC cord-020918-056bvngu 194 4 Language Language NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 194 5 A a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 194 6 survey survey NN cord-020918-056bvngu 194 7 on on IN cord-020918-056bvngu 194 8 visual visual JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 194 9 analytics analytic NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 194 10 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 194 11 social social JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 194 12 media medium NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 194 13 data datum NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 195 1 A a DT cord-020918-056bvngu 195 2 comparative comparative JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 195 3 study study NN cord-020918-056bvngu 195 4 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 195 5 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 195 6 models model NNS cord-020918-056bvngu 195 7 for for IN cord-020918-056bvngu 195 8 topic topic NN cord-020918-056bvngu 195 9 clustering clustering NN cord-020918-056bvngu 195 10 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 195 11 Chinese chinese JJ cord-020918-056bvngu 195 12 web web NN cord-020918-056bvngu 195 13 news news NN cord-020918-056bvngu 195 14 Survey Survey NNP cord-020918-056bvngu 195 15 of of IN cord-020918-056bvngu 195 16 clustering cluster VBG cord-020918-056bvngu 195 17 algorithms algorithm NNS