Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 160 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4473 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 library 21 LITA 20 web 16 Library 13 internet 12 University 10 information 8 ITAL 7 user 6 service 6 access 6 Google 5 work 5 search 5 record 5 OPAC 5 MARC 4 public 4 UNLV 4 Libraries 4 July 4 Information 4 Digital 3 tool 3 system 3 resource 3 Perl 3 New 3 FRBR 3 Delicious 2 xml 2 term 2 student 2 site 2 result 2 research 2 permission 2 percent 2 content 2 Technical 2 Social 2 Services 2 Search 2 Scholar 2 RSS 2 RDF 2 RDA 2 PDF 2 February 2 Facebook Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 5274 library 2997 user 2372 information 1632 search 1631 system 1567 service 1371 resource 1362 web 1310 access 1236 technology 1195 time 1131 record 1120 result 1110 content 1058 metadata 978 work 955 datum 935 use 935 % 864 research 855 catalog 849 tool 845 collection 831 example 821 percent 789 study 783 term 781 tion 779 internet 777 student 763 site 763 number 755 database 714 staff 690 librarian 688 page 670 text 666 document 660 interface 659 author 646 figure 645 item 628 file 626 type 625 question 622 process 617 task 611 level 611 community 610 article Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 40475 ฀ 1296 Library 924 | 883 University 769 Libraries 670 Information 576 _ 451 . 450 Google 414 LITA 407 al 357 Digital 345 Technology 340 Services 332 New 328 OPAC 315 et 296 Search 256 ing 254 Public 254 PDF 249 Facebook 247 MARC 245 Science 241 XC 238 Journal 237 Research 232 Metadata 220 ITAL 218 Web 211 UNLV 210 ILS 207 June 200 Discovery 199 J. 196 State 193 n 193 Conference 189 Data 179 American 175 Group 175 Association 170 July 165 York 164 R. 164 LiBRaRiEs 162 Oct. 161 M. 160 Mar. 157 Access Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 3256 it 1575 they 1492 we 1314 i 1034 you 563 them 205 us 174 he 137 me 123 themselves 116 she 100 itself 99 one 49 em 27 him 14 ’s 14 ourselves 13 her 11 yourself 10 myself 7 mine 5 ours 5 # 4 himself 4 herself 3 n 2 oneself 2 its 2 irs.gov 2 http://www.kb.dk/en 2 bookshelf 1 yourselves 1 www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/berne/trtdocs_wo001.html 1 www.lib.ncsu.edu/endeca 1 www.ii.fsu.edu/plinternet_reports.cfm 1 well.7 1 washing- 1 under­ 1 u 1 theirs 1 ten 1 techni­ 1 tailor­ 1 system60 1 struc- 1 site.2 1 problems.4 1 practices­200310.html 1 practices.4 1 owl,19 Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 19614 be 4445 have 3062 use 1887 do 1481 provide 1269 access 1054 include 1040 make 918 create 912 find 779 need 752 base 647 see 596 allow 555 require 523 describe 503 search 494 develop 448 give 443 add 440 take 429 work 423 show 393 offer 383 follow 380 help 376 support 358 become 348 define 340 ask 339 identify 334 know 322 indicate 318 exist 312 change 306 improve 297 increase 290 relate 281 select 279 want 279 contain 278 learn 273 present 272 come 270 go 268 apply 263 think 263 look 261 represent 260 serve Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 3038 not 1660 more 1493 other 1193 such 1105 also 1034 public 985 new 877 only 852 well 845 many 802 digital 745 most 642 online 633 first 609 as 585 library 574 different 544 available 478 however 470 subject 444 same 444 important 431 open 425 so 424 then 419 large 397 up 389 local 388 high 383 specific 375 even 372 current 370 out 369 good 360 able 355 very 350 much 349 social 339 academic 320 several 317 full 306 few 303 possible 300 now 298 e.g. 297 bibliographic 286 often 283 electronic 279 just 273 great Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 271 most 198 good 97 least 83 Most 62 high 37 late 29 large 17 great 16 bad 12 big 10 small 10 new 10 early 9 low 8 simple 7 near 5 wide 5 slow 5 pret 5 postt 5 e 5 close 4 strong 4 fast 4 easy 3 quick 3 old 3 long 3 broad 2 weak 2 rich 2 manif 2 l 2 hot 2 fine 2 clear 2 busy 1 www.public.iastate.edu/~honeyl/ 1 wealthy 1 usABilitY 1 severe 1 ret 1 read­only 1 loud 1 http:///t 1 hardy 1 g 1 full 1 fond 1 few Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 474 most 52 least 28 well 4 worst 3 highest 1 newest 1 locations.5 1 # Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 www 27 www.oclc.org 23 www.w3.org 19 www.dlib.org 17 exch.mail.umd.edu 13 www.loc.gov 13 myee.bol.ucla.edu 13 hdl.handle.net 12 en.wikipedia.org 9 www.ala.org 8 www.library.unlv.edu 8 www.ii.fsu.edu 8 dublincore.org 8 digital.library.unlv.edu 7 www.ifla.org 6 www.tandfonline.com 6 www.libraryjournal.com 6 www.facebook.com 6 www.adobe.com 6 crl.acrl.org 5 www.ugr.es 5 www.techsource.ala.org 5 www.cs.umass.edu 5 wordnet.princeton.edu 5 hdl.handle 5 en.wikipedia 5 del.icio.us 5 creativecommons.org 5 books.google.com 4 www2.ulcc.ac.uk 4 www.techsmith.com 4 www.techcrunch.com 4 www.slideshare.net 4 www.lib.ncsu.edu 4 www.eprints.org 4 www.eionet.eu.int 4 www.comp.lancs.ac.uk 4 www.arl.org 4 wiki.dlib.indiana.edu 4 search.ebscohost.com 4 search.cpan.org 4 prezi.com 4 libraries.universityofcalifornia.edu 4 journal.lib.uoguelph.ca 4 journal.code4lib.org 4 ital-ica.blogspot.com 4 files.eprints.org 4 3 www.useit.com 3 www.seedwiki.com Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 40 http://www 5 http://wordnet.princeton.edu/ 5 http://hdl.handle 5 http://en.wikipedia 5 http:// 4 http://www.oclc.org/research/ 4 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/calhoun-report-final.pdf 4 http://www.facebook.com/about.php 4 http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11167 4 http://en.wikipedia.org/ 4 http://dublincore.org/ 3 http://www.w3.org/ 3 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/bibcontrol/2.3BatesReport6-03.doc.pdf 3 http://www.libsuccess 3 http://www.ii.fsu 3 http://www.dlib 3 http://www.cs.umass.edu/~mccallum/ 3 http://www.adobe.com/ 3 http://myee.bol.ucla.edu/ycrschema/elements/1.0/”/> 3 http://myee.bol.ucla.edu/ycrschema#Expression”/> 3 http://metadata.sims 3 http://library.usc.edu/uhtbin/cgisirsi/ 3 http://libraries 3 http://lessig.org/ 3 http://ital-ica.blogspot.com/ 3 http://instructionwiki.org/ 3 http://hdl.handle.net/1905/175 3 http://hdl 3 http://digital.library 3 http://catalog.lib.utexas.edu/record= 3 http://aurarialibrary.worldcat 2 http://www.well.com/~doctorow/metacrap.htm 2 http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/ 2 http://www.vtls.com/Corporate/FRBR.shtml 2 http://www.vanderwal.net/folksonomy 2 http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20000319.html 2 http://www.usabilitynet.org/trump/documents/Suschapt.doc 2 http://www.techsmith.com/morae.asp 2 http://www.technorati 2 http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/09/06/ 2 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19322909.2011.597590 2 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J136v12n01_11 2 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19322900802205742 2 http://www.springerlink.com/content/au20jr6226252272/fulltext.html 2 http://www.slideshare.net/smadams/do-the-outcomes-justify-the-buzz-an-assessment-of-LibGuides-at-cornell-university-and-princeton-university 2 http://www.shirky.com/writings/ontology_ 2 http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/copyright/article/48722-hathitrust-suspends-its-orphan-works-release-.html 2 http://www.prweb.com/releases/Deakin/ChoosesEDS/prweb8059318.htm 2 http://www.personalinfocloud.com/2005/02/ 2 http://www.oclc.org/worldcatlocal/about/213941usf_some_findings_about_worldcat_local.pdf Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 13 marc.truitt@ualberta.ca 5 mfrisque@northwestern.edu 5 jwebb@wsu.edu 4 postlethwaiteb@umkc.edu 4 pacea@oclc.org 4 faganjc@jmu.edu 3 tomasz.neugebauer@concordia.ca 3 sharon.farnel@ualberta.ca 3 pjaeger@umd.edu 3 mbeatty@wils.wisc.edu 3 bin.han@concordia.ca 2 saundebn@jmu.edu 2 paulojr@jmu.edu 2 patrick.griffis@unlv.edu 2 nelsoncs@jmu.edu 2 mdehmlow@nd.edu 2 mbejune@purdue.edu 2 manderma@jmu.edu 2 lmandel@fsu.edu 2 kstarr@nevadaculture.org 2 jghapher@vcu.edu 2 jdfeher@mckendree.edu 2 jason.vaughan@unlv.edu 2 inikep@ii.uni.wroc.pl 2 hany@u.library.arizona.edu 2 eden@library.ucsb.edu 2 donna-hirst@uiowa.edu 2 colleen.cuddy@med.cornell.edu 2 cmcclure@ci.fsu.edu 2 clifford@cni.org 2 brennerm@pdx.edu 2 ajmcderm@umd.edu 2 admin1@email.com 1 zyan@uamail.alba 1 zliu@tamu.edu 1 yishen@wisc.edu 1 yangs@rider.edu 1 wjj8612@uwm.edu 1 westonc@pdx.edu 1 weng@tcnj.edu 1 wendy.starkweather@unlv.edu 1 wangang11@gmail.com 1 walsh.260@osu.edu 1 viedma@decsai.ugr.es 1 tosaka@tcnj.edu 1 tom.ipri@unlv.edu 1 todd.vandenbark@utah.edu 1 tnsondag@mckendree.edu 1 thornbug@oclc.org 1 thomas.sommer@unlv.edu Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 library use data 9 web search engines 8 users do not 7 services are available 6 libraries do not 6 user is able 6 users are not 6 web search engine 5 information is not 5 libraries are not 5 libraries is not 5 percent using ctdl 5 percent using ctdl+ 4 catalog does not 4 catalog is still 4 information is available 4 libraries are interested 4 library does not 4 library does n’t 4 library is not 4 library use research 4 library using template 4 resources do not 4 user is not 4 user search experience 3 content does not 3 content was not 3 libraries are already 3 libraries are increasingly 3 libraries are now 3 libraries have always 3 libraries have not 3 library was able 3 system does not 3 system is not 3 systems are not 3 systems do not 3 tool is not 3 use does not 3 use is not 3 use search engines 3 users are more 3 users did not 3 users find information 3 users have access 3 users have trouble 3 users were not 3 ■ do not 2 collections search results 2 collections used sponsorship Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 information is not correctly 2 users were not sure 1 access is no longer 1 catalog adds no cost 1 catalog does not yet 1 catalog is not really 1 collections are not only 1 content is no longer 1 data are not present 1 data found no significance 1 examples are not hard 1 information is not new 1 information was not secure 1 libraries are no better 1 libraries are no longer 1 libraries are not fully 1 libraries are not often 1 libraries are not only 1 libraries do not fully 1 libraries have no idea 1 libraries have no problem 1 libraries have not only 1 libraries is not free 1 libraries is not fully 1 libraries is not necessarily 1 libraries were not specifi­ 1 library does not generally 1 library has not yet 1 library is no exception 1 library is no longer 1 library is not able 1 metadata is not only 1 records are not yet 1 resources are not persistent 1 result is not nearly 1 result was not orderly 1 results are not generalizable 1 results do not necessarily 1 results have not yet 1 search is not specific 1 searches were not automatically 1 services are not able 1 services are not new 1 system is not perfect 1 system is not very 1 systems are not as 1 systems are not only 1 systems are not yet 1 technology did not yet 1 technology does not always Sizes of items; "Measures in words, how big is each item?" ---------------------------------------------------------- 20928 3322 20277 3353 19868 1916 14693 3175 13501 3267 13219 1855 11595 3259 10885 3128 10861 3253 10857 3220 10616 3344 10465 3246 10272 3274 9819 3266 9244 3272 9008 3268 8777 3342 8702 3286 8548 3277 8462 3145 8299 3176 8248 3278 7847 3138 7710 3260 7612 3168 7573 3284 7386 3245 7313 3144 7308 3136 7206 3345 7141 3169 7123 3130 6947 3273 6831 3222 6730 3334 6725 3129 6715 3146 6680 3281 6529 1859 6528 3237 6282 3148 6224 3137 6124 3140 6092 3347 6075 3131 6051 3287 5999 3352 5870 3285 5834 3271 5581 3153 5520 3337 5514 3170 5493 3279 5427 3154 5424 3332 5415 3261 5053 3348 5006 3280 4995 3139 4970 3132 4956 3227 4803 3157 4798 3156 4666 3158 4665 3238 4616 3171 4566 3262 4549 3331 4384 3219 4370 3221 4354 3335 4324 3228 4319 3333 4317 3155 4159 3254 4081 3247 4023 3177 3881 1830 3772 3147 3672 3167 3388 3354 3357 3263 3235 3256 3228 3349 3226 1861 3071 3255 2951 3355 2890 3240 2883 3125 2871 3338 2853 3244 2835 3248 2633 3288 2439 3346 2318 3239 2313 3178 2180 3269 1988 3236 1974 3229 1928 3150 1926 3166 1907 3242 1764 3235 1723 3225 1646 3230 1621 3233 1621 3243 1616 3142 1575 3226 1572 3232 1510 3173 1498 3258 1469 3252 1385 3223 1371 3174 1327 3231 1291 3152 1175 3217 1168 3151 1160 3283 1132 3265 1082 3127 985 3126 983 1857 960 3135 935 3330 925 3276 923 1927 904 3340 892 3341 879 3251 876 3351 873 3234 863 3218 855 3134 849 3350 847 3275 846 3329 830 3282 823 3224 814 3143 813 3149 758 3216 748 3165 745 3172 731 3270 721 3250 720 3241 675 3141 569 3339 555 3124 521 3257 379 1928 341 1918 158 3327 91 3328 3323 3324 3325 3326 Readability of items; "How difficult is each item to read?" ----------------------------------------------------------- 80.0 3167 78.0 3224 77.0 3216 75.0 3172 74.0 3140 74.0 3141 73.0 1857 73.0 3143 73.0 3178 73.0 3257 73.0 3270 73.0 3280 72.0 3166 72.0 3217 72.0 3329 71.0 3223 70.0 3242 70.0 3247 70.0 3252 69.0 3132 69.0 3142 69.0 3222 69.0 3236 69.0 3265 69.0 3338 69.0 3346 68.0 3173 68.0 3254 68.0 3278 68.0 3345 67.0 3171 67.0 3226 67.0 3241 67.0 3244 67.0 3283 66.0 3139 66.0 3281 65.0 3125 65.0 3137 65.0 3149 65.0 3218 65.0 3225 65.0 3229 65.0 3272 65.0 3275 65.0 3332 64.0 3150 64.0 3240 64.0 3256 64.0 3277 64.0 3285 64.0 3355 63.0 1855 63.0 3146 63.0 3151 63.0 3246 63.0 3258 63.0 3259 63.0 3274 63.0 3347 62.0 1830 62.0 3144 62.0 3165 62.0 3243 62.0 3250 62.0 3276 62.0 3348 62.0 3350 62.0 3354 61.0 3131 61.0 3174 61.0 3232 61.0 3235 61.0 3239 61.0 3269 60.0 1861 60.0 3261 60.0 3286 60.0 3341 60.0 3344 60.0 3351 59.0 1916 59.0 3135 59.0 3147 59.0 3175 59.0 3234 59.0 3262 59.0 3263 59.0 3267 59.0 3287 59.0 3349 58.0 3148 58.0 3154 58.0 3155 58.0 3177 58.0 3228 58.0 3230 58.0 3288 58.0 3331 58.0 3342 57.0 3126 57.0 3153 57.0 3169 57.0 3237 57.0 3245 57.0 3340 57.0 3352 56.0 1928 56.0 3157 56.0 3330 56.0 3334 56.0 3335 55.0 1859 55.0 3134 55.0 3170 55.0 3266 55.0 3273 54.0 1927 54.0 3130 54.0 3138 54.0 3152 54.0 3158 54.0 3248 54.0 3260 53.0 3127 53.0 3251 53.0 3253 53.0 3255 53.0 3279 53.0 3337 53.0 3339 52.0 3156 52.0 3238 51.0 3124 51.0 3128 51.0 3136 51.0 3145 51.0 3168 51.0 3176 51.0 3220 51.0 3221 51.0 3268 51.0 3284 50.0 3231 49.0 3227 49.0 3233 48.0 3282 48.0 3333 47.0 3129 47.0 3271 45.0 3219 45.0 3353 37.0 1918 25.0 3328 24.0 3327 113.0 3322 3323 3324 3325 3326 Item summaries; "In a narrative form, how can each item be abstracted?" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1830 This paper describes the ways in which libraries are currently implementing and managing webbased research guides (a.k.a. Pathfinders, LibGuides, Subject Guides, etc.) by examining two sets of American university ARL libraries and recording the characteristics of each site''s research guides. subject-based research guides are a core component of academic library web services. described who selected the guides system, 67 respondents (36%) indicated their library research content management system and your research guides?" 112 responses (60%) indicated that "our libraries for the management of research guides: "which of the following procedures or policies do LIBRARY USE OF WEB-BASED RESEARCH GUIDES | GHAPHERY AND WHITE 30 LIBRARY USE OF WEB-BASED RESEARCH GUIDES | GHAPHERY AND WHITE 30 LIBRARY USE OF WEB-BASED RESEARCH GUIDES | GHAPHERY AND WHITE 30 LIBRARY USE OF WEB-BASED RESEARCH GUIDES | GHAPHERY AND WHITE 30 LIBRARY USE OF WEB-BASED RESEARCH GUIDES | GHAPHERY AND WHITE 30 1855 limited the user''s search to the library catalog database records but used the EDS interface to studies of discovery tools: users were satisfied with the ability to search the library catalog and USABILITY TEST RESULTS FOR A DISCOVERY TOOL IN AN ACADEMIC LIBRARY | FAGAN ET AL 112 USABILITY TEST RESULTS FOR A DISCOVERY TOOL IN AN ACADEMIC LIBRARY | FAGAN ET AL 112 USABILITY TEST RESULTS FOR A DISCOVERY TOOL IN AN ACADEMIC LIBRARY | FAGAN ET AL 112 USABILITY TEST RESULTS FOR A DISCOVERY TOOL IN AN ACADEMIC LIBRARY | FAGAN ET AL 112 USABILITY TEST RESULTS FOR A DISCOVERY TOOL IN AN ACADEMIC LIBRARY | FAGAN ET AL 112 USABILITY TEST RESULTS FOR A DISCOVERY TOOL IN AN ACADEMIC LIBRARY | FAGAN ET AL 112 USABILITY TEST RESULTS FOR A DISCOVERY TOOL IN AN ACADEMIC LIBRARY | FAGAN ET AL 112 1857 was struggling to find something that I''d like to talk about and that ITAL readers would (I hope) the team members had, in recent days, seen various e-mail messages about new tools and We mentioned and discussed briefly some of the tools that we planned to test. the tools-testing process, of sharing what we learn and what we know, all in the hope of finding a could coordinate ourselves, we might be able to test drive even more tools, increasing the We''ve decided on a few methods we''ll try for taking full advantage of the tool-rich environment in all use and share for trying new tools. which team members can demonstrate tools that they''ve been working with and that they think where we can post, among other things, about new tools we''ve tried or are trying, what we''re So, I ask you, our ITAL readers, how do you manage the assembly line of tools? 1859 challenges current copyright law presents to libraries and the public in general, highlighting three concrete ways intellectual property law interferes with digital library services and systems. copyright law affects library services and collections in this digital area, three challenges are copyright law to protect them from liability when they copied a book or other work and when they negate fair-use provisions of U.S. copyright law.24 While libraries are now adept at negotiating During a Special Libraries Association (SLA) Q&A session on copyright law in the digital age, the works.69 While librarians must still inform their patrons about the realities of copyright law, it is 8. Robin Jeweler, "Digital Rights" and Fair Use in Copyright Law, prepared by the Library of Congress, "Digital Rights" and Fair Use in Copyright Law, 9. Jeweler, "''Digital Rights" and Fair Use in Copyright Law, 3. Jeweler, "''Digital Rights" and Fair Use in Copyright Law, 3. 1861 metadata and PDF documents into the EPrints digital repository software. importing metadata in MARC format followed by attachment of PDF documents is described in detail, institutional repositories.5 The only published report on batch importing into the EPrints platform 2. import of associated documents, such as full-text PDF files imported eprints and attach the corresponding full-text documents. community-contributed import plugins such as MARC and ArXiv are available at EPrints Files.11 Since most repositories use custom metadata fields, some customization of the import plugins is metadata: "Deposited By: Concordia University Libraries." The MARC plugin requires the encoding to be placed in the plugin folder /perl_lib/EPrints/Plugin/Import/MARC/. import REPOSITORYID --verbose --user batchimporter eprint MARC::ConcordiaTheses http://wiki.eprints.org/w/API:bin/import (accessed June 23, 2011). http://wiki.eprints.org/w/API:bin/import my $root_dir = ''/opt/eprints3/bin/import-data/proquest''; #location of PDF files my $int_no_doc = 0; #count of eprints moved to live with no document attached print "#### $int_no_doc eprints doesn''t have associated document, moved to live ####\n 1916 Web-scale discovery services, combining vast repositories of content with accessible, intuitive evaluation, and recommendation related to library web-scale discovery services. Web-scale discovery services are able to index a variety of content, whether hosted locally or web-scale discovery services pre–index remotely hosted content, whether purchased or licensed Given that these web-scale discovery services include or even primarily focus on indexing a large evaluate web-scale discovery services with the ultimate goal of providing a final recommendation some key components of a web-scale discovery service, discussed research the task force had three functional areas as the first staff survey: local library customization features, end user The Charleston Advisor has conducted interviews with several of the library webscale discovery vendors on their products, including EBSCO,15 Serials Solutions,16 and Ex Libris.17 library web-scale discovery services.21 recommendation for purchase of a library web-scale discovery service. recommendation for purchase of a library web-scale discovery service. UNLV Libraries to select a web-scale discovery service. 1918 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2012 3 Congratulations LITA and Information Technology and Libraries. Since the early days of the Internet, I''ve been continually struck by the incredible opportunities library profession has been slow to open up access to the publications of its own professional association, and you have to push through plans to realign its finances, organizational mission, and goals in the new world of networked information. So, as a long-time LITA member, I find it a great pleasure to see LITA finally reach this milestone with Information Technology and Libraries (ITAL) moving to fully open-access electronic distribution, and I congratulate the LITA leadership for the educational settings, and to further the interactions between librarians, information scientists, open-access journals. Supporting ITAL as an open-access journal is a very good reason indeed to be a member of LITA. Clifford Lynch (clifford@cni.org) is Executive Director, Coalition for Networked Information. mailto:clifford@cni.org 1927 ITAL is now an open-access, electronic-only proposal to the LITA Board; the LITA Board had the foresight to push for an open-access journal To see ITAL go open access in my presidential year is As Cliff Lynch notes in his editorial, "the library profession has been slow to open up access to the that such policies can offer." As librarians challenge publishers to pursue open-access venues, By supporting open access we are sending a strong message to the community that we believe in the benefits of open access and we As librarians, we still need to be vigilant about preserving open access and supporting open-access initiatives. ensure free, timely, online access to the published results of research funded by eleven U.S. federal explore our role in this new paradigm of providing access to and helping to manage data in It is an open-access e-book available for download from Microsoft Research 1928 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2012 4 Welcome to the first issue of Information Technology and Libraries (ITAL) as an open-access, ewill help ensure the long-term viability of ITAL by making it more accessible, more current, more include more case studies, commentary, and information about topics and trends of interest to the We''re pleased to include in this issue the winning paper from the 2011 LITA/Ex Libris Student Writing Award contest, Abigail McDermott''s overview on copyright law. lengthier-than-usual studies on library discovery services. The first, Jason Vaughan''s overview of his library''s investigations into web-scale discovery options, was accepted for publication more With the first open-access, e-only issue launched, our attention will be turned to updating and improving the ITAL website and expanding the back content available. back issues of both ITAL and its predecessor, Journal of Library Automation (JOLA), openly available from the ITAL site. Bob Gerrity (robert.gerrity@bc.edu) is Associate University Librarian for Information Technology, 3124 162 iNFOrMAtiON tecHNOlOGY AND liBrAries | DeceMBer 2010 Office for Information Technology Policy (OITP) with regard to technology related public policy and actively Colby Riggs (University of California–Irvine) represents LITA on the Office for Information Technology LITA Technology Access Committee, which addresses more active in the creation and adoption of new technology standards that align with the library community. For ongoing information about LITA committees, website (http://www.lita.org). participate in a leadership role as the broadband initiative sets the infrastructure for the next ten to fifteen years. the Broadband Technology Opportunities Program (BTOP) and the National Broadband Plan. develop their broadband infrastructure, and libraries are (BTOP), www.broadband.gov (National Broadband Plan), (ALA Office for Information Technology Policy). need to prepare schools and public libraries for broadband. LITA to advocate for and participate in the adoption of legislation, policies, technologies, and standards that promote equitable access to information and technology. starr (kstarr@nevadaculture.org) is liTa President BTOP, Broadband, E-Rate, and LITA 3125 ITAL''s reader survey, December 2009 survey invitation was sent to the 2,614 LITA personal members; nonmembers and ITAL subscribers (most of whom ■■ Nearly half (152, or 48.3 percent) of our readers indicated that they have been with LITA for five years or only 11.4 percent (36) answered that they''d been LITA Question 4 on the survey asked readers to respond to timeliness, ITAL readers (226, or 72.7 percent) "ITAL is an important benefit of litA membership." an electronic-only or open-access ITAL (see Years of LITA Membership Question 12 asked about whether ITAL should continue with its current delayed open-access model (i.e., respondents would continue or terminate LITA membership were ITAL to move to a completely open-access of a paper ITAL, and who prefers electronic-only? from the 2000 ITAL reader survey. Dan''s editorial, "Why Is ITAL Important?" originally published in clear that ITAL readers who are LITA members perceive a link 3126 Dan MarmionEditorial: Why Is ITAL Important? ala/mgrps/divs/lita/ital/2002editorial.cfm. Post your thoughts on ITALica (http://ital-ica.blogspot important in the library profession?" I answered ITAL is important to the library profession for at that are pertinent to technology in libraries, we publish research done on topics of importance to the profession, communications from practitioners in the field of information technology in the library profession. In a sentence, then, ITAL is important to the library profession I would like to think that''s more of a reason why ITAL for refereed scholarly work in library automation and information technology, a role that by itself is important to libraries and the library profession. audience for important work—and, thanks to its costrecovery subscription pricing, ITAL makes that work In a sentence, ITAL is important to the profession Dan Marmion was editor of iTal, 1999–2004. first published in the June 2002 issue of ITAL. library community. 3127 Library and Information Studies (SLIS) at the basic IT skills before beginning their program.1 These This new requirement got me thinking: Is this common practice among ALA-accredited Library Schools? If other schools are also requiring basic IT skills prior (5) list basic Web design. While many (14) specifically mention searching under basic Internet skills, few (7) mention proficiency with OPACs or other common information tools such as full-text databases. school has a computer programming requirement, with delivery, and uses of libraries and other information 170 iNFOrMAtiON tecHNOlOGY AND liBrAries | DeceMBer 2010 1. University of Alberta School of Library and Information Studies, "Degree Requirements: Master of Library & Information "Library & Information Studies Directory of Institutions Offering Accredited Master''s Programs 2008–2009," 2008, http:// 3. American Library Association, "ALA''s Core Competences Given what we know about the importance of technology to librarians and librarianship, my investigation library schools requiring certain IT skills prior to entry 3128 the CRADLE metamodel allow the specification of collections, structures, services, and communities of users managing collections of digital documents (digital contents in general) and preserving their images on storage. metadata across DLs, software engineers aim at providing multiple tools for implementing services,31 such as ■■ the behavior of the DL (Service Model) and the different societies of actors After these design phases, CRADLE generates the code for the user interface and the parts of code services for user-driven generation of specific DLs. Although CRADLE does not template code generation and modeling, but it required the user, functionality, quality, policy, and architecture), content can be modeled in CRADLE as collections and structs, XDoclet templates for transforming XDoclet code fragments obtained from the modeled service entities. just a few pieces of information (the visual model), typically application-specific names for actors and services user including resources (document collections, services, Development of Digital Libraries: Generating the User Interface," 3129 Access to broadband Internet today increases library, represents the metaphorical middle mile providing the public with access to rich information content. broadband access can lead to local government support for the initiatives of other local agencies, including to local policy makers that broadband is essential for community success. establishing broadband Internet access in a community Solutions to providing broadband Internet access Libraries provide a secondary community resource for other local agencies who can point their provides dedicated staff, technology training opportunities, and no-fee public access computers with an Internet policy supports the library''s efforts, the local community future, the library can be the link that provides the community with sustainable broadband. information, broadband Internet access will continue to resources, public libraries are finding their current broadband services are not able to support the demand of their value online access for the community, the library helps strategy for providing broadband Internet access. 3130 ontology by implementing, in the form of axioms, knowledge not contained in the dictionary. (level 0), to which dictionaries belong, tools include definitions of concepts without formal semantic primitives; at generating ontologies from lower-level knowledge representation systems, especially from descriptor thesauri.3 This paper proposes a process for generating a terminological ontology from a dictionary of a specific knowledge glossary from its original format (dictionary or vocabulary format) into an ontology. between ontologies developed from those glossaries that include common concepts. Example of term definition in the IEEE Glossary translated into several difference machine languages, allows symbolic naming of operations and addresses, provides features designed XML format; a taxonomy, which reflects the hierarchic relationships between the terms; a thesaurus, which includes represent language semantics in terms of concepts and differentiates ontologies from other knowledge representation standards (such as dictionaries, taxonomies, and the concept definition included in the ontology. 3131 program requiring participants to explore new technology on their own by spending at least fifteen minutes was successful in promoting lifelong learning by teaching technology applicable to the work and home lives and academic librarians need to learn and use these technologies themselves. Challenge, a self-directed technology training program training approaches and to suggest other ways for libraries to apply self-directed learning to technology training. new technologies, the staff and faculty of academic libraries need to become "Librarian 2.0." According to Abram, BriDGiNG tHe GAP: selF-DirecteD stAFF tecHNOlOGY trAiNiNG | QuiNNeY, sMitH, AND GAlBrAitH 213 BriDGiNG tHe GAP: selF-DirecteD stAFF tecHNOlOGY trAiNiNG | QuiNNeY, sMitH, AND GAlBrAitH 213 BriDGiNG tHe GAP: selF-DirecteD stAFF tecHNOlOGY trAiNiNG | QuiNNeY, sMitH, AND GAlBrAitH 213 BriDGiNG tHe GAP: selF-DirecteD stAFF tecHNOlOGY trAiNiNG | QuiNNeY, sMitH, AND GAlBrAitH 213 BriDGiNG tHe GAP: selF-DirecteD stAFF tecHNOlOGY trAiNiNG | QuiNNeY, sMitH, AND GAlBrAitH 213 3132 acceptable response times are in online catalogs, and this catalogs increase response time to the extent that users examining response time in library catalogs in general, During a reference interview or library instruction session, a slow response time creates an awkward lull in the response times in a selection of library catalogs. For testing response time in an assortment of library catalogs, we used the WebSitePulse service (http://www The chief benefit of studying response time is to establish it as a criterion for evaluating online products effects of slow response time in NextGen catalogs can be Auraria''s traditional catalog load time for the page is Lessons in Auraria Library''s Skyline catalog WebSitePulse webpage test table results for Skyline (traditional) catalog record catalogs slowed response time considerably, even doubling it in one case. WebSitePulse webpage test table results for WorldCat@Auraria record For each test, we recorded the response time The average response time for UT Austin''s catalog was 3134 102 iNForMAtioN tecHNoloGY AND liBrAries | septeMBer 2010 LITA committees and interest groups are being asked to step up to the table and develop action plans to implement the strategies the LITA membership have identified These individuals will work with committee chairs, interest group chairs, and the membership to implement LITA''s plan made available to all LITA and ALA members for their opportunities, continuing education, training, publications, expertise in standards and information policy, and standards and policy, collaborate with other ALA divisions, and publish can be taken home to your library. LITA needs your participation in developing and national information policy and standards through ALA''s Office for Information Technology Policy and other similar organizations. let LITA committee and interest group chairs, the board, LITA is facing its own challenges as an association. For the past three years, LITA members, the board, people in the library, information, and technology fields 3135 questions about whether libraries still provide value. to envision how libraries can provide the best value to our There are many other ways libraries create value needs that are specific to our organizations and users— our patrons work, such as course management systems, The library market has responded to many at the same pace as technology, their users, and the market: open systems that have application programmer interfaces (APIs), and programmers. No matter which side of the opensource/vended solution fence you sit on, openness needs The second opportunity is perhaps the more difficult one given the state of library budgets and that the resources that are needed to hire programmers are higher But having local programming skills easily accessible will be vital to our ability to address our users'' specific needs and change our internal processes as we need to. new technical knowledge, could easily work with APIs Libraries, Openness, and Programmers 3136 metadata-creation practices in digital repositories, collections, and libraries, which may include both digitized to current metadata-creation practices across digital collections. metadata and controlled-vocabulary schemata are collection-specific considerations, such as the types of resources, While there is a variety of metadata schemata currently in use for organizing digital collections, only a Survey question: what type of materials/resources do you and your fellow catalogers/metadata librarians handle? majority of the respondents'' institutions, current metadata creation in digital repositories and collections faces MetADAtA creAtioN prActices iN DiGitAl repositories AND collectioNs | pArK AND tosAKA 115 MetADAtA creAtioN prActices iN DiGitAl repositories AND collectioNs | pArK AND tosAKA 115 MetADAtA creAtioN prActices iN DiGitAl repositories AND collectioNs | pArK AND tosAKA 115 MetADAtA creAtioN prActices iN DiGitAl repositories AND collectioNs | pArK AND tosAKA 115 MetADAtA creAtioN prActices iN DiGitAl repositories AND collectioNs | pArK AND tosAKA 115 MetADAtA creAtioN prActices iN DiGitAl repositories AND collectioNs | pArK AND tosAKA 115 3137 colleagues briefly described batch loading MARC metadata crosswalked to DSpace Dublin Core (DC) in a poster Kim, Dong, and Durden used Perl scripts to semiautomate the preparation of files for batch loading a University items added to the Knowledge Bank, a DSpace repository, Perl scripts to automate the process of importing metadata and content files. Over the next four years, 698 collections containing 32,188 items were batch loaded, representing 79 into the DSpace batch import format for descriptive metadata and content files. Most of the Knowledge Bank batch loading workflows use Excel spreadsheets or CSV files as the source (intro.pl) created the tables of contents using the metadata and the DSpace map file, a stored mapping of item OSUL to digitize the remainder and to supply the metadata for the retrospective batch loads. DC XML and created the archive directories for loading the metadata and abstract files into the Knowledge 3138 ■■ How many ARL libraries offer open-access computers for guests to use? open-access computers and the means for guest user balance their policy requiring computer authentication with the obligation to provide public access to ■■ Do computers provided for guest use (open access or Depository status, the library had a responsibility to provide general access to both print and online government "Authentication and Library Public Access Computers: contrast, it is common for current library users authenticate to have any access to a public workstation. provide public information, and how it affected library services in general.42 But at the time of Driscoll''s survey, only library provide the means for guest users to authenticate? ■■ Fourteen of those requiring their users to authenticate had both open-access computers and guest ■■ Eight libraries stated that the computers were for academic use and that users might be asked to give up 3139 spelling corrections, relevance ranking, faceted navigation, federated search, user contribution, and enriched visions for the next-generation library catalog: opensource or proprietary? results, enriched content, user participation, personalization, and Web 2.0 technologies applied in OPACs. The ■■ Simple keyword search box: The next-generation catalog OPACs of Koha, Evergreen, and WebVoyage to determine has more features of the next-generation library catalog. Each of the OPACs of Koha, Evergreen, and WebVoyage their OPACs, Koha links journal titles from its catalog to The Koha OPAC is the only catalog of the three to offer tHe Next GeNerAtioN liBrArY cAtAloG | YANG AND HoFMANN 149 tHe Next GeNerAtioN liBrArY cAtAloG | YANG AND HoFMANN 149 tHe Next GeNerAtioN liBrArY cAtAloG | YANG AND HoFMANN 149 tHe Next GeNerAtioN liBrArY cAtAloG | YANG AND HoFMANN 149 tHe Next GeNerAtioN liBrArY cAtAloG | YANG AND HoFMANN 149 three catalogs, the open-source OPACs compare more generation catalog Koha Evergreen Voyager 3140 Colorado State University Libraries creates and optimizes text-based and digitized PDF documents for easy access, downloading, and printing. large file size, which increases download time and the memory required The source file is a page containing black-and-white text and line art if we scan a text-based page as blackand-white and save it separately in has a much larger file size compared to a PDF created from TIFF document: file format, color mode, pages also increase PDF file sizes. a page containing text and photographs or illustrations twice, in color When we create a PDF, we combine two images of the same page to File Format Scan Specifications TIFF Size (KB) PDF Size (KB) applied to the scanned files, however, the image becomes searchable Documents > Optimize Scanned PDF. then created a new PDF using blackand-white TIFF images. A digitized PDF file with 400 color Creating a PDF from Scanned Images 3141 54 iNFormAtioN tecHNoloGY ANd liBrAries | JuNe 2010 2. Innovation: To serve the library community, LITA value of new and existing technologies within ALA access to information and technology. 5. Collaboration and outreach: LITA will reach out and collaborate with other library organizations to increase The LITA Executive Committee is currently finalizing goal are approved by the LITA board of directors before That way the finalized version of the LITA Strategic Plan my experience as LITA president, and in some way wish final curtain of my presidency. Being LITA''s president was a big part of my I have thought about what to say in this final column. part of my LITA time over the last year. ahead to the future of LITA. LITA members are always willing to share board of directors and the LITA Executive Committee, LITA Strategic Plan: LITA Strategic Plan: President 2009–10 and Head, information Systems, northwestern University, Chicago. 3142 recent Library Journal (LJ) story referred to "the palpable hunger public librarians have for change . in the context of a presentation at the Public Library collective six-shooters endlessly blazing away. ■■ General-use computers in libraries (including information/knowledge commons and what-have-you) ■■ Library websites generally. treadmill race to find the perfect, user-centric library a library Web manager and his boulder would be a library website. term came into vogue, libraries and librarians were "silver bullet"—that would save libraries from "irrelevance" (or worse!), if we would but adopt it now, or library use. Librarian, Bibliographic and information Technology Services, 56 iNFormAtioN tecHNoloGY ANd liBrAries | JuNe 2010 I predict that at some future point, someone will reinvent libraries and librarians, just as others Revolution is Ripe," Library Journal, Mar. 26, 2010, http://www can help to point the way to an approach for understanding and evaluating services and change in libraries that is 3143 editoriAl BoArd tHouGHts: itAl 2.0 | Boze 57 traffic (for example, the LL&M Online blog, http://www RSS feeds for the ITALica blog, so maybe that works well interesting topics for discussion between ITAL readers. the reader, about what ITAL and ITALica could be doing How can we use ALA Connect in ways that use, and how could we apply them to ITAL? Editor''s note: Andy serves on the ITAL Editorial Board and thinking about ITAL. the full text of each issue of ITAL is there, going back to Starting with the September 2008 issue of ITAL we launched ITALica, the ITAL blog at http://ITAL-ica forum for readers, authors, and editors of ITAL to discuss blog and responding to reader comments. Is a blog format the best way to encourage discussion? When I look at the LITA Blog (http:// Andy BozeEditorial Board Thoughts: ITAL 2.0 3144 To find articles in the library and information science literature related to faceted browsing, the author searched better studies of faceted browsing in library catalogs? and measurements for user studies of faceted browsing in library catalog interfaces that include faceted browsing study of an interface that used facets to categorize results given a post–test survey, participants identified the faceted interface as easier to use, more flexible, interesting, library catalog interfaces that feature faceted browsing. the faceted task in this study came after the user had done designing user studies of faceted browsing While describing a full user-study protocol for investigating faceted browsing in a library catalog is beyond usABilitY studies oF FAceted BrowsiNG: A literAture review | FAGAN 65 usABilitY studies oF FAceted BrowsiNG: A literAture review | FAGAN 65 usABilitY studies oF FAceted BrowsiNG: A literAture review | FAGAN 65 Previous case-study investigations of library catalog interfaces with facets have 3145 Although many researchers have been resistant to submitting their work, the literature on digital repositories possible sources of user resistance to digital repositories. slow to deposit their work in digital repositories is a cognitive one: Faculty have not understood how they would should therefore make the user less likely to resist depositing work in a digital repository. Conscious processes like imagining are not the only psychological means of reducing the resistance of users to resistance among users of digital repositories may need to Introducing a time element into the attempt to persuade users to deposit their work in digital repositories resistance to digital repositories would be to get users reduciNG PsYcHoloGicAl resistANce to diGitAl rePositories | QuiNN 75 reduciNG PsYcHoloGicAl resistANce to diGitAl rePositories | QuiNN 75 reduciNG PsYcHoloGicAl resistANce to diGitAl rePositories | QuiNN 75 reduciNG PsYcHoloGicAl resistANce to diGitAl rePositories | QuiNN 75 reduciNG PsYcHoloGicAl resistANce to diGitAl rePositories | QuiNN 75 3146 In this paper we discuss the design space of methods for integrating information from Web services into Web-based information systems use a client-server architecture in which the server sends HTML markup to the such sources include Web services that provide additional bibliographic information, social bookmarking and such "mash-up" pages is crucial for increasing the visibility and reach of the digital resources libraries provide. The Google Book Search Dynamic Link API is a JSONbased Web service through which Google provides certain Example of client-side processing by the Google Book Classes widget library weB services ANd widGets For liBrArY iNFormAtioN sYstems | BAck ANd BAileY 85 weB services ANd widGets For liBrArY iNFormAtioN sYstems | BAck ANd BAileY 85 weB services ANd widGets For liBrArY iNFormAtioN sYstems | BAck ANd BAileY 85 weB services ANd widGets For liBrArY iNFormAtioN sYstems | BAck ANd BAileY 85 weB services ANd widGets For liBrArY iNFormAtioN sYstems | BAck ANd BAileY 85 3147 Cloud-computing providers target a variety of end users, nodes and running a library''s essential computer systems in remote data presents his experience of running multiple systems (e.g., integrated library systems, content management systems, and Libraries can take advantage of cloud computing to start an IT a Web-based integrated library system (ILS) to provide a new way of cloud computing providers allows providers and how he could implement cloud computing for some ■■ High availability: Cloud computing providers such as Microsoft, The author introduces cloud computing services and providers, presents weB services ANd widGets For liBrArY iNFormAtioN sYstems | HAN 91oN tHe clouds: A New wAY oF comPutiNG | HAN 91 weB services ANd widGets For liBrArY iNFormAtioN sYstems | HAN 91oN tHe clouds: A New wAY oF comPutiNG | HAN 91 weB services ANd widGets For liBrArY iNFormAtioN sYstems | HAN 91oN tHe clouds: A New wAY oF comPutiNG | HAN 91 3148 involved in selecting, acquiring, cataloging, processing, and otherwise making available to library Bradford lee eden (eden@library.ucsb.edu) is Associate University Librarian for Technical Services & Scholarly Communication, University of California, Santa Barbara. bypass catalogs for search engines, but research libraries'' investment in catalogs—and in the collections they essential when libraries held the monopoly on information access but are no longer cost-efficient—nor even Incorporating new technologies and tools for generating metadata without human intervention into library their technical services staff to remain viable in this new technical services staff with moving into the new environment. Ruschoff mentions competencies for technical services librarians in the new information environment: users seems to be one of the dominant themes of evolving technical services positions to fit the new information It is the responsibility of both library administrators and technical services 3. University of California Libraries Bibliographic Services Marcum, "The Future of Cataloging," Library 3149 2 iNFORMAtiON tecHNOlOGY AND liBRARies | MARcH 2010 President 2009–10 and head, information Systems, Northwestern University, Chicago. President 2009–10 and head, information Systems, Northwestern University, Chicago. he first LITA National Forum I attended was in While programs such as the keynote speakers, lightning talks, and concurrent sessions are an important part talking with a group of people in the hall between sessions, during lunch, or at the networking dinners as I half of the people who attended were first-time attendees. The National Forum is an intimate event whose attendance ranges between 250 and 400 people, thus making it If you have not attended a National Forum or it has been a while, I hope I have piqued your interest in coming to the next National Forum in Atlanta. the 2010 Forum is available at the LITA website (http:// I know that even after my LITA presidency LITA National Forum. 3150 For a number of years, Ex Libris (and previously, Endeavor Information Systems) has generously enrolled LIS students in the areas of ITAL''s publishing interests; a LITA committee on which the editor of ITAL Libris Student Writing Award recently almost lost its sponsor. Carl Grant, president of Ex Libris North America, graciously agreed to continue sponsorship for another year things (or want to delay purchases or buy the product Librarian, Bibliographic and information Technology Services, Librarian, Bibliographic and information Technology Services, may or may not buy Carl''s products because of the considerations above (and yes, Ex Libris fields very strong will, though, be more likely to think favorably of Ex Libris In addition to support of the Student Writing Award, generous support of the LITA/Ex Libris Student Writing Longtime LITA members and ITAL readers in particular will recognize the name of Dan Marmion, editor of recent members of the ITAL editorial board—including 3151 Successful Partnerships Carl Grant advantage in the rapidly changing information landscape. I see sponsorships and partnerships as an important tool for doing that. Ex Libris are trying to keep our costs low in this challenging economic environment so that we can in turn sponsorships and partnerships and where they need to n The elements of successful sponsorships and partnerships For a sponsorship or partnership to be successful in For a sponsorship or partnership to be successful in of a sponsorship or partnership should share sponsorship or partnership should be proportionally shared by all the members. n The sponsorships and partnerships needed for tomorrow Successful sponsorships and partnerships are a necessary sponsorships and partnerships that will result in the successful fostering and implementation of new ideas, the sponsorship and partnerships that need to be formed are Tomorrow''s sponsorships and partnership will be with To summarize, we at Ex Libris believe in sponsorships and partnerships. 3152 6 iNFORMAtiON tecHNOlOGY AND liBRARies | MARcH 2010 by people currently or recently engaged in graduate library studies. at library school with big ideas and the latest theories, This year''s winner is Michael Silver, who looks forward to graduating in the spring from the MLIS program library staff have never been exposed to."1 His paper, contemplating a PhD program or else a return to a library Todd Vandenbark''s paper on library Web design for Vandenbark graduated last spring with a masters degree from the School of Library and Information library technology professionals to be a welcome change tools and interactive applications into library service." Visser looks forward to graduating in May. Mary Kurtz examines the use of the Dublin Core this issue and operations Manager, information Technology Services, University of Alberta Libraries, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. sponsorships and partnerships that will result in the successful fostering and implementation of new ideas, the 3153 systems can be down for extended periods before administrators notice or users report the problem.1 They dedicate an entire chapter to monitoring services. state of services, and historical monitoring, which provides long-term data on uptime, use, and performance.2 flexibility of a software design that uses a plug-in architecture, service checks for library-specific applications The Nagios system provides an extremely flexible solution to monitor hosts and services. Nagios has two main configuration files, cgi.cfg and MONitORiNG NetwORK AND seRvice AvAilABilitY witH OPeN-sOuRce sOFtwARe | silveR 21 MONitORiNG NetwORK AND seRvice AvAilABilitY witH OPeN-sOuRce sOFtwARe | silveR 21 MONitORiNG NetwORK AND seRvice AvAilABilitY witH OPeN-sOuRce sOFtwARe | silveR 21 MONitORiNG NetwORK AND seRvice AvAilABilitY witH OPeN-sOuRce sOFtwARe | silveR 21 MONitORiNG NetwORK AND seRvice AvAilABilitY witH OPeN-sOuRce sOFtwARe | silveR 21 MONitORiNG NetwORK AND seRvice AvAilABilitY witH OPeN-sOuRce sOFtwARe | silveR 21 MONitORiNG NetwORK AND seRvice AvAilABilitY witH OPeN-sOuRce sOFtwARe | silveR 21 3154 Nearly one-fifth of Americans have some form of disability, and accessibility guidelines and standards that (c) Web pages shall be designed so that all information conveyed with color is also available without color, for example from context or markup. be the Web''s version of separate-but-equal services, and should be avoided.9 Offering a text-only content, or to create interface elements, the information provided by the script shall be identified with These guidelines offer assistance in creating accessible Web-based materials. One way to enhance the accessibility of sites is to follow a database-driven Web development model. teNDiNG A wilD GARDeN: liBRARY weB DesiGN FOR PeRsONs witH DisABilities | vANDeNBARK 29 teNDiNG A wilD GARDeN: liBRARY weB DesiGN FOR PeRsONs witH DisABilities | vANDeNBARK 29 teNDiNG A wilD GARDeN: liBRARY weB DesiGN FOR PeRsONs witH DisABilities | vANDeNBARK 29 teNDiNG A wilD GARDeN: liBRARY weB DesiGN FOR PeRsONs witH DisABilities | vANDeNBARK 29 3155 1914, the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) librarians face the challenge and inconvenience of discrepancies in cataloging practice due to the differing standards of diverse countries, languages, and alphabets. as the Web. The interoperability of library catalogs, which multiple bibliographic records in different languages for One major obstacle in the way of global interoperability is the existence of different alphabets and the Other obstacles that stand in the way of interoperability are the diverse systems of subject headings, authority headings, and titles found internationally. within a single language, subject headings can be complicated and inconsistent because they can be expressed as Users can search VIAF by a single national library the FRBR model for titles over subject headings or name Subject headings and name authorities, on the other hand, already exist in many different forms and languages so that cross-linking projects like linking subject headings, name authority files, and titles 3156 Tagging refers to a classification system where individual Internet users apply tools available on the Internet, the time is right to reassess traditional models, such as controlled vocabularies Internet users actively participating in and shaping the online communities are, perhaps unintentionally, influencing how those who access information via the Internet expect to be able to receive and each user''s ability to access needed information to fully In understanding the options for organizing digital information, it is important to understand traditional classification models. assure a successful Internet search and it requires a user users add metadata to resources on the Internet by applying terms, or tags, to URLs. Users save these tagged websites to a personal library hosted on the Delicious website. URLs.14 The reputation of Delicious has generated interest among people concerned with organizing the information available via the Internet. approach to organizing information on the Internet is successful. 3157 I drew a sampling of records from each repository and examined them for metadata quality using the examined the quality of records with reference to the methods of educating repository users. DSpace is designed for use by "metadata naive" contributors. metadata-creation process for contributors, its terminology is different from DC''s. DSpace has both mandatory and automatic elements in its records. When the record is uploaded into the database, this timestamp is entered into three element fields: dc.date.available, dc.date.accessioned, and dc.date.issued. Still, like date, format, and identifier elements, DSpace contributor-created and DSpace-created metadata. The University of New Mexico (UNM) DSpace repository (DSpaceUNM) holds a wide-ranging set of records, contributors were expected to use DSpace to create and DSpace-available DC metadata element and provides DSpace''s automated creation of date and format fields provided reliably consistent records in those element fields. 100 percent fill rate for subject elements in its records, 3158 use data, a geographic information system (GIS) facilitates a more visually appealing graphical display of the populations and demographics, facilities space management issues, spatial distribution of in-library use of "seating sweeps" method allows researchers and librarians to collect in-library use data regarding where patrons a GIS as a tool to visually display in-library use data collected via "seating sweeps" of a library. locations;2 managing facilities, including spatial distribution of in-library book use and occupancy of library study transaction data alone; it must include in-library use measures that account for all ways patrons are using the facility. Xia also reviews the use of GIS tools that incorporate hospital and casino floor plans, noting that library facilities are GeOGRAPHic iNFORMAtiON sYsteMs: tOOls FOR DisPlAYiNG iN-liBRARY use DAtA | MANDel 51 GeOGRAPHic iNFORMAtiON sYsteMs: tOOls FOR DisPlAYiNG iN-liBRARY use DAtA | MANDel 51 GeOGRAPHic iNFORMAtiON sYsteMs: tOOls FOR DisPlAYiNG iN-liBRARY use DAtA | MANDel 51 3165 2 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2009 Pace (pacea@oclc.org) is LITA President 2008/2009 and Executive Director, Networked Library Services at OCLC Inc. in t the time of this writing, my term as LITA president is half over; by the time of publication, I I hope that this time between ALA conferences is a time of reflection for the LITA board, committees, interest groups, and the membership at large. focus its attention regarding library technology. I will hope, however, that LITA''s Technology and cuts to library budgets. at library technology through a lens of efficiency and When it comes to running systems, we need to make sacrifices of time, money, and talent to support our profession, it is often tempting when economic times are Politics and economics? I think there are opportunities for libraries to get their own economic bailout in supporting public the ALA Office of Information Technology Policy (OITP, 3166 n So, when is it "too cold" for a server room? cooling systems in our primary server room (SR1), which and beginning of this week relocating servers to all manner of places while the cooling system gets fixed. our cooling systems during extremely cold weather. of our cooling woes can be traced to the cold outside. In any case, all seemed well because the newer cooling system in SR1 was adequate to mask the failure of the 1. Document your servers and the services that reside on hours of this event trying to relate servers and services. or not we can shut down e-mail, file-and-print services, or the integrated library system (ILS) (and, if Bibliographic and Information Technology Services, University in the library server room very soon! server room when the temperature just steps away Then, the next time our cooling failed providing IT and other services to libraries. A. Guasco of Pittsburgh, an ALA Life Member and ITAL 3167 effect of the number of labels in a list on response time to In this study we address the following question: What is the effect of the number of subject labels in a list on response times to research questions? from a list in response to eleven different research questions. effect of the number of labels in a list on response time independent of any Web design. combination of labels within a subject list for each question. would the response times of participants using a particular list, for whom the labels in the list were highly relevant response time as the number of the items in the lists response times using a subject list with twenty-eight labels is similar to the response times using a list of six labels. three lists, each with nine items and each having different labels, and response times were similar for the three 3168 CIPA in Public Libraries and Schools of Internet access and levels of filtering in public libraries and public schools, the perceived value of CIPA, the he Children''s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) established requirements for both public libraries and public schools to—as a condition for receiving certain federal funds—adopt filters on all of their computers It requires libraries and schools to provide reasonable public notice and protection strategies of CIPA (the Internet filtering strategy and safety policy strategy) were equally enforced in public Internet access in schools and libraries. libraries and schools used filters prior to CIPA.19 Since 1. Children''s Internet Protection Act (CIPA), Public Law 106Challenges to the Application of the Children''s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) in Public Libraries: Strategies and Issues," First Jaeger et al., "Public Libraries and Internet Access Across Internet Access on Public Library Patrons and Communities"; Internet Access on Public Library Patrons and Communities"; 3169 model that applies Semantic Web technologies for specialized digital libraries. proposed to try to mitigate this issue, including the selective dissemination of information (SDI) service model In "Semantic SDI service model for digital libraries," the bulk of this work, the recommendation systems.5 Content-based recommendation systems filter information and generate recommendations by comparing a set of keywords defined that represent the information needs and common behavioural habits of a group of related users. generated alerts to users.9 Usually, the information is structured according to a certain data model, and users'' profiles between agents and users, are hindered by the different ways in which information is represented. resources should be tagged semantically so that information can be understood both by humans and computers, and (2) intelligent agents should be developed that tasks, assists users in the creation of their profile and enables automating the alerts generation. the thesaurus, user profiles, RSS feeds, and recommendation log files. 3170 Users expect a simple query box with results returned Key points of user failure in the existing search options were spelling errors that could easily Users consistently described their need for a simple search interface lectures, executable software, patient handouts, bioinformatics tools, and a significant store of digitized historical materials as a result of the Google Books program. The LaneConnex search is composed of several components integrated into a query-and-results interface: Integration of results from Lane''s metasearch application illustrates Cocoon''s many strengths. application (through Cocoon) on the user''s behalf, popping in result counts as external resources respond. LaneConnex Resource Search Results. Moveable Type and integrated into LaneConnex search results. Example of Integration of Popular Search Engines into LaneConnex Results. that the integrated search helps our users find relevant that most biomedical libraries had separate search interfaces for their digital Integration of metasearch results into LaneConnex. 3171 CATQC AND SHELF-READY MATERIAL | JAY, SIMPSON, AND SMITH 41 MARC record files, often applying complex conditionals, and generates easy-to-use reports that do not require validation tools embedded in library management systems provide protections whether records are manually Shelf-ready items represent approximately 30 percent of the Libraries'' purchased monographic resources at this time. which reports records containing attributes Cataloging CatQC analyzes the content of the WCP record file and records with minimal-level copy to assure that appropriate access points exist and are coded correctly. The CatQC report reviewed by catalogers includes subject headings with second indicator 4. Prior to generating the report, CatQC found multiple instances of call numbers in the records in the WCP of reports was flagged as requiring review by a cataloger. action required of the cataloger varied from simply checking the text of a field displayed in the report (e.g., 246 upgraded records to the library. 3172 Pace (pacea@oclc.org) is lITA President 2008/2009 was warned when I started my term as LITA president My predecessor, Mark Beatty, likes to jokingly introduce himself in ALA circles as "LITA has-been" in reference to his role as LITA past-president. the past-president continue in an active role on the LITA board and executive committee, the past-president has Being elected LITA president is for all intents and screed as my last hurrah in print as LITA president. board, interest groups, dedicated committees, and engaged members and volunteers, and group meetings to discuss I love that LITA is fun. people don''t like to change. learning from our mistakes, for asking forgiveness on the committees and interest groups, and changes to our other divisions are anxious for change as well, and I feel confident that LITA and its membership can help, even One thing I hope does not change is the passion and 3173 Marc TruittEditorial: ALA and Our Carbon Footprint (ALA) Midwinter Meeting, by the time you see time now about the question of ALA conferences: Why Midwinter Meeting in Denver are real eye-openers (you A. Number of paid attendees at Midwinter Meeting E. Total metric tons of CO2—the "carbon footprint"— total "carbon footprint" of all who flew to the Midwinter Meeting was more than 3,000 metric tons of CO2.3 That Midwinter Meeting 2009 is .38 metric tons. I can envision a "catalog" search that begins at Amazon''s already metadatarich site, enhanced with links to local holdings of all the there are now, but a library considering such a service library cataloging is "dead" might then come to a different view. compute the CO2 footprint in metric tons for one round-trip 4. OCLC, Redefining Technical Services Workflows with 4. OCLC, Redefining Technical Services Workflows with Redefining_Technical_Services.htm (accessed Feb. 25, 2009). 3174 support and leading successful technical projects with see how projects that include only technical people technical projects is to include key stakeholders have a sense of ownership in project implementation—and when people feel ownership for a project, they are more likely to help it succeed. to know the details of how our digital tools work way that I don''t need to know every deep detail describe technical concepts and how they work. 54 iNForMaTioN TECHNoloGY aND liBrariEs | JuNE 2009 of that understanding rather than compartmentalizing people on the basis of their area of expertise. let the technical work be handled by the techies. academia is becoming increasingly more multidisciplinary, so too the most successful work in libraries needs to say libraries are constantly becoming more technically services, the need for the convergence of the technical with a deep understanding of technology to help bring the technical to the traditional in a way that serves everyone in the process. 3175 report on a work in progress—an experiment in building a Resource Description Framework (RDF) model of Resource Identifiers (URIs) for works, expressions, manifestations, persons, corporate bodies, places, subjects, and known" preferred forms (for display in lists of multiple different entities), and the value of providing access piece of data applies at either the expression or the manifestation level. relationship between the FRBR entities work, expression, FRBR and RDA tend to assume that our current bibliographic data elements map to one and only one group FRBR and RDA define at work, expression, and manifestation levels. model, many more data elements (properties and attributes) are linked to the work and expression level. path of mapping all existing bibliographic data to manifestation and expression undifferentiated, that is, to use It is definitely possible to model and structure data in such a way that desired displays and indexes 3176 explores the implications for public libraries of the provision of PAT and seeks to look further to review issues and n 74.1 percent of public libraries provide e-government services (e.g., locating government information and helping patrons complete online As public libraries expanded these services, management realized that they needed to plan and evaluate technology-based services. troubleshoot, fix, and support Internet-based services and resources that patrons access. agency staff to better understand the public library context within each state and to explore overall PAT issues, about single-point access to a range of information services and resources—are often at odds with library technology that is based on stove-piped approaches (e.g, ILS, Public libraries face a number of challenges when planning for PAT services and resources. Given the range of hardware, software, and networking infrastructure, as well as planning and PAT management requirements, public librarians need a number of Public Library Funding and Technology Access Study 3177 be invested in the missing-book process by departments such as collection development, circulation, procedures for replacing or suppressing catalog records for items that are In 2005, Hesburgh Libraries recognized its need to develop a streamlined method of processing missing record was updated to the item process status "missing" (MI) and paper the data load, an e-mail is automatically generated notifying subject librarians that the replacements Initially, subject librarians encounter a list of brief records for each item Processed book records ready to be sent to Monograph Acquisitions and cAdM. Full record for a missing book in the replacement database MissiNG iTEMs: auToMaTiNG THE rEPlaCEMENT worKFlow ProCEss | sMiTH ET al. MissiNG iTEMs: auToMaTiNG THE rEPlaCEMENT worKFlow ProCEss | sMiTH ET al. MissiNG iTEMs: auToMaTiNG THE rEPlaCEMENT worKFlow ProCEss | sMiTH ET al. MissiNG iTEMs: auToMaTiNG THE rEPlaCEMENT worKFlow ProCEss | sMiTH ET al. records for 5,141 missing items. 3178 Delicious offer a simple way of developing lists of library resources. but least flexible method of displaying Delicious results. describe three more advanced methods of manipulating Delicious data It should be noted that the process of tagging resources in Delicious URL http://delicious.com/iclibref/ Linkrolls, a utility available from the Delicious site, provides Delicious data appears on a website, http://feeds.delicious.com/rss/iclibref/biology returns the RSS feed Delicious.com/iclibref/biology"/> To display Delicious RSS results use some RSS parsing tool in combination with a script to display the Delicious RSS feed only returns the the RSS feed method, a request with might be http://feeds.delicious src="http://feeds.Delicious. Delicious result set within our library returns XML results from queries passed to Delicious through Biology delicious links displayed on a library website aDDiNG DEliCious DaTa To Your liBrarY wEBsiTE | DarBY aND GilMour 103 aDDiNG DEliCious DaTa To Your liBrarY wEBsiTE | DarBY aND GilMour 103 RSS or JSON feeds, using the XML 3216 President 2009–10 and Head, information Systems, northwestern University, Chicago. y the time you read this column I will be LITA want to thank all of the LITA members who volunteered. As a volunteer organization, LITA relies on you, and once the appointment process I was introduced to many LITA you in person in the coming year. this year''s LITA Emerging Leaders, Lisa Thomas and member could have been at this year''s LITA Camp in professional organization like LITA. in the audience that was not yet a LITA member, I am sure Over the last year, the LITA board has had some great discussions with LITA members and leaders. members for the next several years. in the information technology association landscape. structure of LITA to make sure it best fits our needs today years to come. However, like all houses, improvements The LITA structure and foundation will be the same. the LITA structure. 3217 use, and display such Digital Content an unlimited number of times, solely on the Device or as cloud, I think we need to remember that it is our stuff. cost—our basic services and even our own content (our when we send our stuff into the cloud: Borg offer to provide institutional mail without 4. How much control do we have over the service offered or how our content is used, stored, Librarian, Bibliographic and information Technology Services, stuff easily and portably, leaving no sign that we''d We are responsible for the services we provide and stuff to the cloud. suggested "hosted services as savior or slippery slope" for next 2. Brad Stone, "Amazon Erases Orwell Books from Kindle," New York Times, July 17, 2009, http://www.nytimes .com/2009/07/18/technology/companies/18amazon.html?_ Terms of Use," http://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/ 4. "Budget Cutbacks Announced in Libraries, Center for Professional Development," Stanford University News, June 10, 2009, .html (accessed July 22, 2009; "Harvard Libraries Cuts Jobs, 3218 Reader beginning to sell in the marketplace despite the This has many technology firms salivating and hoping that the consumer market is ready to move to digital Some of these new devices and technologies are But new readers such as Plastic how much will readers pay for content? Other e-readers will use flexible the success of the Kindle and the Reader. technology with content related to the transmission and And libraries shouldn''t pay full price (or now be a digital operation to be run as part of the library.2 Decreased university and library budgets have meant that university presses have not been able to sell enough The move of a university press to a successful scholarly the University of Michigan Libraries means that the press model of academic libraries as university publishers will technology/copeland_epaper.fortune/ (accessed June 22, 2009). Merged with Library, With New Emphasis on Digital Monographs," LibraryJournal.com, Mar. 26, 2009, http://www 3219 machine to be used in a variety of heterogeneous environments without the need to reconfigure or install new the virtualization middleware interacts with the computer''s physical resources without the need of a host operating system. the need for the user to perform database creation and virtualization, the VM can be hosted via a hypervisorbased solution, and the user can access the VM with sources, poses a security risk to both the user''s workstation and to the larger pool of library resources accessible Instructors at the UCSD Libraries need a laptop classroom that meets the usual requirements for this type for the variety of computing environments and applications in use throughout our several library locations. major areas of focus: user experience, application performance in the virtualized environment, and effect on the However, users will often be unable to recognize when an application is running a virtualized OS applications and benefits of virtualization technology virtualization can provide libraries with cost-effective 3220 Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) Libraries'' digitization program and elaborates on the authors'' efforts to gain staff on the authors'' efforts toward educating library colleagues and gaining staff buy-in for UNLV''s digitization UNLV Libraries Digitization Survey had several questions focused on perceptions—that is, staff support, feel your library published its first ''major'' digital collection?" Responses ranged from 1990 to 2007; the general (1998) exhibit.6 Subsequently, the UNLV Libraries purchased the CONTENTdm digital collection management a piece still missing was a resuscitation of library stakeholders to help solicit, prioritize, and manage the creation of digital collections and an overall vision guiding One UNLV Library Digitization Survey question asked, One question of the UNLV Library Digitization Survey In the UNLV Library Digitization Survey, 65.4 percent UNLV library digitization survey responses Are there regular, full-time staff at your library who have as their primary or one of their primary job responsibilities support of the digitization program? 3221 Studies and statistics from the broader IT fields highlight discrepancies between the compensation, managerial level, and occupational roles of men and women.1 the number of technology positions in libraries, or the Information Technology and Libraries is the journal of the Library Information Technology Association division of journals at a far higher rate than women, with the exception of Computers in Libraries. Alternatively, the publication Computers in Libraries contains more articles authored by women. in both technology and comparison journals are women, Gender of lead authors in technology journals, 2006–7 Women may underestimate their abilities and disassociate with IT in part because of the perception of IT organizational culture.19 Technical positions are associated 1. Examples of research and statistics concerning the number and status of women in technology fields, in addition to the Women in Information Technology? Ramsey and McCorduck, "Where are the Women in Information Technology?" 9 3222 to text-document compression and present an opensource software library implementing the scheme that In the case of text documents, improvement in compression effectiveness may be obtained in two ways: with compression method in two ways: by redesigning character-based algorithms as word-based ones or by implementing a two-stage scheme whose first step is a transform The text document formats have individual characteristics; therefore the compression ratio can be improved THE EFFiCiENT SToraGE oF TExT DoCuMENTS iN DiGiTal liBrariES | SkibiŃSki and Swacha 153 THE EFFiCiENT SToraGE oF TExT DoCuMENTS iN DiGiTal liBrariES | SkibiŃSki and Swacha 153 THE EFFiCiENT SToraGE oF TExT DoCuMENTS iN DiGiTal liBrariES | SkibiŃSki and Swacha 153 THE EFFiCiENT SToraGE oF TExT DoCuMENTS iN DiGiTal liBrariES | SkibiŃSki and Swacha 153 THE EFFiCiENT SToraGE oF TExT DoCuMENTS iN DiGiTal liBrariES | SkibiŃSki and Swacha 153 THE EFFiCiENT SToraGE oF TExT DoCuMENTS iN DiGiTal liBrariES | SkibiŃSki and Swacha 153 3223 Studio software, a screen video capture program created by TechSmith. The Camtasia Studio software allows Screen capture programs allow you to create I selected one software program and created a streaming video using the I examined three software applications that help create video tutorials and presentations: Cam Studio, Camtasia Studio, was the software My first Camtasia Studio project n start a new project by recording the screen DEliVEriNG iNForMaTioN To STuDENTS 24/7 WiTH CaMTaSia | CarlSoN 155 I have selected "start a new project by recording the screen." I have selected "start a new project by recording the screen." When you click on the "next" button, it brings up a recording options I have selected "record audio Screen recording setup Figure 4. the "record" button on Camtasia "stop" button on Camtasia Recorder view your streaming video, click on Streaming video allows students to access presentations 24/7. Camtasia recorder 3224 know the President''s Message is usually dedicated hoping LITA will be in the future, but I would like to I also am a new part-time student in the Masters of Learning and Organizational Change program at Northwestern University. student, I am a user of a library discovery system. I wanted to find an overview of the model. We access "stuff," like to be instead of identifying the problems of what is. I don''t want to have to search recommend other searches I might want to try. n I want the search results to be organized for me. n I want the search results to be returned to me in a n I want the system to learn from me and others so I look forward to reading the articles in this issue President 2009–10 and Head, Information Systems, Northwestern University, Chicago. 3225 I had occasion to attend the first several PASIG meetings. overly focused on Sun''s own solutions in the digital preservation and archiving (DPA) arena. interesting and useful plug-ins whose purpose is to facilitate preservation of content created in Microsoft products 2008 PASIG Spring Meeting in which he estimated that the cost to supply power and cooling alone to maintain a petabyte (1,000 TB) of disk-based digital content for a mere ten the following PASIG meeting that for a 1 TB drive, the fiveyear estimated power and cooling for 2008–12 could be for the preservation of digital content over centuries given issues" (presentation, Spring Meeting of the Sun Preservation and Archiving Special Interest Group [PASIG], San Francisco, California, May 28, 2008), http://events-at-sun.com/ 2. Chris Wood, "Archive and Preservation: Emerging Storage: Technologies & Trends" (presentation, Fall Meeting of -at-sun.com/pasig_fall08/presentations/PASIG_Wood.pdf. in our "digital archive," storage I consider dim, if 2006), http://www.lostmag.com/issue3/memory.php (accessed 3226 Information Technology and Libraries for eleven years, yet Discovery Mini-Conference held at the University of style Discovery Mini-Conference, Jennifer Fabbi and I a search committee, we posed a question to all the candidates: "What do you see the library catalog looking like in the library catalog and other access or discovery tools?" users finding known items. Of course, first we went to multiple online dictionaries to look up the meanings of "discovery" and found the discovery in the "every-library" electronic information On our poster, we asked the Discovery MiniConference attendees to place cutouts of our personas bookmark listing the five discovery behaviors (with colorful character personas) and suggested they keep them poster was this: The way we think about discovery, or the users'' goals in finding information, drives the discovery * Ideas generated at the Discovery Mini-Conference Discovery Mini-Conference. Behavior" panel from the Discovery Mini-Conference poster 3227 organizational review of the Libraries'' Technical Services expectation was that I would work with the staff to continue to keep Technical Services functioning while we theoretical lens of organizational learning, I will demonstrate how the Libraries'' emerging focus on the concept UNLV Libraries'' Revisioning Technical Services process and the resulting organizational focus on discovery Libraries as a learning organization throughout this process are highlighted (see appendix A). 4. Encourage Technical Services staff to consider current and future priorities. information about the process on UNLV Libraries'' During this phase, organizational learning was initiated through the process of challenging how Technical future of the library catalog offers several ideas for ensuring that valuable information is visible to our users in the The survey allowed library staff to better understand current practices in technical services, to prioritize new ideas 1. Search for the information requested with three discovery tools as your starting points: the Libraries'' 3228 most libraries, resources are dispersed into a number of resource access in an academic library environment. Fragmentation of library resources and their interfaces Currently, a comprehensive search for a given subject across as many library Some popular existing library discovery systems searches are carried out against a local index of resource the search server, the user interface, and the metadata five views: search, browse, results, item, and list, which The MultiPAC search view page n How MultiPAC answers UNLV Libraries'' discovery questions The MultiPAC results view page abstract resources from their implementations, MultiPAC becomes, in effect, its own persistent URI system, unifying many library resources under one stable URI schema. Implementation-based http://www.library.unlv.edu/arch/archdb2/index.php/projects/view/1509 Resource-based (hypothetical) http://www.library.unlv.edu/item/483742 The MultiPAC item view page The MultiPAC list view page Comparing sample crosswalked metadata from four different UNLV Libraries resources next generation of library discovery systems. What will not change are library-wide metadata quality 3229 The first project studied student responses to the site. second focused on a usability test with the Libraries'' peer The Libraries'' Usability Working Group seized upon to help identify areas of the website that inhibited discovery and to generate staff interest in the process of usability. The Usability Working Group began its ongoing evaluation of UNLV Libraries'' website by conducting two to the Libraries'' site is to find books and journal articles 1. Due to the various sources of library-related information (website, catalog, vendor databases) navigation posed problems for students. Libraries'' home page to start a new question. UNLV Libraries employs peer research coaches, undergraduate students who serve as frontline research USABILITY AS A METHOD FOR ASSESSING DISCOVERY | IPRI, YUNkIN, AND BROWN 183 UNLV Libraries'' website is in the process of being redesigned, and the results of the usability studies are being to improve discovery through the Libraries'' website. UNLV Libraries'' new website design 3230 University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) Special Collections he University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) Special Special Collections also has added Web 2.0 features to aid collections are digital copies of original materials located UNLV Special Collections search box UNLV SPECIAL COLLECTIONS IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY | SOMMER 185 brings together a wide range of original materials from various collections located within UNLV Special Collections, UNLV Special Collection Facebook page RSS feature to its latest digital collections (figures 7, 8, and As is apparent, UNLV Special Collections implemented several online tools to allow patrons to discover .library.unlv.edu/about/strategic_plan09-11.pdf (accessed July UNLV Special Collections continued from page 186 1. Peter Michel, "Dino at the Sands," UNLV Special Collections, http://www.library.unlv.edu/speccol/dino/index.html 2. Peter Michel, "UNLV Special Collections Search Box." UNLV 3. UNLV Special Collections search results, "Hoover Years," http://digital.library.unlv.edu/boomtown/ (accessed .php?#/pages/Las-Vegas-NV/UNLV-Special-Collections/70053 UNLV Libraries, "''Rate It'' feature for the Aerial View of Hughes Aircraft Plant Photograph," http://digital.library.unlv.edu/ 3231 authors investigate the current and potential role of smartphones as a valuable discovery tool for library users. developed a presentation highlighting the iPhone''s potential value in an academic library setting. is UNLV Libraries'' director of user services, she was The presentation itself highlighted the mobile applications that were being developed in several libraries to Christian University (http://www.acu.edu/technology/ Libraries were to move forward with smartphone technologies, it would be following the lead of such universities. UNLV Libraries'' strategic plan helps foster the healthy as the Libraries further adopt and integrate mobile technologies into their services. http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/06/24/palm-app-cataloghits-a-million-downloads (accessed July 20, 2009). (accessed July 20, 2009); Ellyssa Kroski, "Library Mobile Initiatives," Library Technology Reports 44, no. 9. "UNLV Libraries Strategic Plan 2009–2011," http://www .library.unlv.edu/about/strategic_plan09-11.pdf (accessed July Char Booth, Informing Innovation: Tracking Student Interest in Emerging Library Technologies at Ohio University (Chicago: ii-booth.pdf (accessed July 20, 2009); "UNLV Libraries Strategic "UNLV Libraries Strategic Plan 2009–2011," 2. 3232 BUILDING PATHFINDERS WITH FREE SCREEN CAPTURE TOOLS | GRIFFIS 189 This article outlines freely available screen capturing tools, provides ample opportunity for low-stakes experimentation from library staff in building dynamic pathfinders to Screencasting and screen capturing tools are becoming One such tool is Jing (http://www.jingproject.com), freeware that is easy to download and use. librarians working with students via chat or instant messaging to quickly create screenshots and videos that visually demonstrate to students how to get the information Any of these tools can be utilized for just-in-time virtual reference questions in addition to the common use tools allow library staff to answer patron questions via freely available and easy to use provides library staff the 1. "UNLV Libraries Strategic Plan 2009–2011," http://www .library.unlv.edu/about/strategic_plan09-11.pdf (accessed July 1. Peter Michel, "Dino at the Sands," UNLV Special Collections, http://www.library.unlv.edu/speccol/dino/index.html http://www.library.unlv.edu/speccol/ Dam," http://www.library.unlv.edu/speccol/databases/index Years," http://digital.library.unlv.edu/boomtown/ (accessed Free distribution outside the mail (total): average, 127; actual, 123. 3233 the catalog records of electronic databases and media items The authors contend that subject liaisons can add value to OPAC records and enhance their own library, which illustrates the disparity of useful keywords and descriptions within the notes field for for indexing OPAC records of electronic databases. This proposition acts as a moderate approach to initiatives that call for OPAC records to be opened for usergenerated content in that this approach provides subject tagging and user descriptions within OPAC records. At UNLV Libraries, terms included in the notes fields of database discovery if liaisons were to provide catalogers of Encore''s Web 2.0 features provide users with the ability to contribute data to records via community tags and by subject liaisons into Encore records have inherent discovery limitations when compared to a cataloger adding such, collaboration between subject liaisons and catalogers to allow liaisons to add terms to OPAC records of 3234 2 inFormation tEcHnoloGY anD liBrariEs | DEcEmBEr 2008 n my first column, I mentioned that the LITA board''s (ALA) meetings. of setting the benchmark for virtual communication, participation, education, planning, and membership development. Which one should be responsible for communicating LITA opportunities and events to the membership using twenty-first-century technology? In the past, LITA focused on Now that the technology is commoditized (and generally embraced by ALA at large and As a division of ALA, LITA has two challenges— leading the efforts of educating the membership, other must not only focus on getting technology to work, but In the next few months, the LITA board will be tackling LITA''s strategic plan, which expires in 2008. into the ALA Midwinter Meeting. On the contrary, I sincerely hope to gather enough information from committees, task forces, members, and nonmembers in order for the membership to maintain a connection with the board 3235 have to wonder whether UH librarians, faculty, and students might not be facing a similar or even worse catastrophe all over again with Ike. ITAL editorial board member Donna Hirst has done "business continuity planning" (BC)—and disaster recovery (DR) are not "sexy" subjects. library services to staff and patrons: access to computing (networking, e-mail, productivity applications, etc.), continuation or restoration of technology-based library and highly visible new Web service without careful preparation and testing? failure to do so by telling ourselves and our administrations that "we can''t really plan for a disaster, since the Bibliographic and Information Technology Services, University library, we have identified and prioritized approximately ten broad services to be maintained or other technology-based services that we need to plan to continue in the event of a disaster. that one of the major drivers for the university is a concern about business continuity in the event of a peoplebased disaster. 3236 library staff at the university''s main library, art library, As library staff were collecting their critical possessions, the town was madly sandbagging. libraries at the University of Iowa are indebted to these because of the flood, including the main library, the art Select library IT staff began working in the background to set up new work environments for library staff returning Library staff and volunteers sandbagging staff from the physics library, thus allowing the many the main library, the phone number was transferred to a Library staff sandbagging When library staff returned to the main library, there were books and manuscript boxes piled on the floor and on weeks, library staff and volunteers carefully sorted through the materials and library staff and volunteers used during the flood. limited number of library staff were allowed back into to the main library, they went around to the various staff 3237 Metaphors convey information, communicate abstractions, and help us understand new concepts. effect of metaphors on human information behavior. Understanding how metaphors work provides insight into information itself. can use to "ascertain the efficacy of metaphor instantiation as an information need structuring device."27 They Functionality metaphors outline the expectations that a user should have for an application and generally guide the overall behavior of the tool. mEtaPHor''s rolE in tHE inFormation BEHavior oF Humans intEractinG witH comPutErs | sEasE 15 mEtaPHor''s rolE in tHE inFormation BEHavior oF Humans intEractinG witH comPutErs | sEasE 15 mEtaPHor''s rolE in tHE inFormation BEHavior oF Humans intEractinG witH comPutErs | sEasE 15 mEtaPHor''s rolE in tHE inFormation BEHavior oF Humans intEractinG witH comPutErs | sEasE 15 for Human Information Behavior: The Place of Metaphor in Carroll, "The Role of Metaphors in User Interface Design" in Handbook of Human Computer Neale and Carroll, "The Role of Metaphors in User Interface Design." 3238 New Jersey Digital Highway (NJDH, www.njdigitalhigh he New Jersey Digital Highway (NJDH, www of New Jersey libraries, museums, archives, and historical societies. n Prior cultural heritage digital library evaluations said that digital libraries of cultural heritage don''t really the NJDH from the perspectives of general users, educators, and cultural heritage professionals. Cultural heritage digital library plays a particularly important role for students of the humanities digital library, (2) usefulness evaluation of the four-portal structure, (3) This research studied usefulness, navigation, user lostness, terminology, and layout. Designers of the NJDH learned from the study the priorities of adding various New Jersey themes to the collections and how to make the site easier to use. The study confirmed that users of this digital library digital library when they find the site is useful. Judy Jeng, "Usability of the Digital Library: An Evaluation Model" (PhD diss., Rutgers University, 2006): 10–19; Judy 3239 knowledge base serves as both a collection development tool and as a OCLC library staff have used a mix QuestionPoint''s use as a management tool for future questions, for OCLC Library was established in 1977 to provide support for The collection concentrates on library, information and OCLC Library also provides OCLC Library staff pursue the QuestionPoint is a service that provides question management tools library''s QuestionPoint-based AskA The local knowledge base is accessible only by OCLC the OCLC Library knowledge base the OCLC Library knowledge base Library''s use of the QuestionPoint OCLC Library now uses its OCLC Library now uses its provides fast, efficient ways to collect, tag, manage, and use them. case—each source can be added separately to the QuestionPoint knowledge base. "answers" to OCLC Library''s knowledge base is the ability to provide Library staff use QuestionPoint''s OCLC Library strives to inform The QuestionPoint virtual vertical file helps OCLC Library manage 3240 PlaYinG taG in tHE DarK: DiaGnosinG slownEss in liBrarY rEsPonsE timE | Brown-sica 29 Community College of Denver) diagnosed and analyzed slow response vendor issues, proxy issues, library network hardware, and bandwidth the "response time" problem. improve database response time. the library, the query to the database traffic on the library''s network, the slowness in library literature, probably because the issue overlaps with of Bandwidth for Public Libraries" is of proxy servers and problems they if bandwidth at Auraria Library was testing, pointed to a problem independent of vendor issues. do bandwidth testing on the library''s introDucinG ZoomiFY imaGE | smitH 31PlaYinG taG in tHE DarK: DiaGnosinG slownEss in liBrarY rEsPonsE timE | Brown-sica 31 Library network Half-duplex refers to the transmission of data in just one direction at a time. task to try to discover where problems occur in the library''s database to a problem at the library end. 3241 pace (pacea@oclc.org) is LITA President 2008/2009 elcome to my first ITAL column as LITA president. address the LITA membership and communicate goals to start my presidential year with LITA. Recruitment to LITA is vital, but there is also work to be I am fortunate in following up the great work of my serving with on the LITA board since 2005. I also think it is important for LITA members to know just how much the board relies on the faithful and diligent services of the LITA staff. means to be a member of LITA, it laid some groundwork that the LITA board needs to take another look at strategic planning (which expires this year). LITA committees, interest groups, and the membership at The best legacy a LITA president can provide because it''s a fun division with great members. lot to get done in one year, but because it will be fun, I''m 3242 with "complex texts" and the "sustained reading" of the with "complex texts" and the "sustained reading" of the In a time of wide availability of full-text electronic "sustained reading of complex texts" of which Gorman Lately, several articles touching on our changing ways of interacting with resources as more journal issues came online, the articles referenced tended to be more recent, fewer journals and articles were explosion in easily accessible electronic texts, our ideas asked, "Have you ever read an e-book (not just a journal e-books the way that they read paper ones. Clearly, some e-books are being read as whole texts, by Library Journal (Feb. 15, 2005) www.libraryjournal.com/article/ 1. Nicholas Carr, "Is Google Making Us Stupid?" The Evans, "Electronic Publication and the Narrowing of Science and Scholarship," Science (July 18, 2008) www 7. Carr, "Is Google Making Us Stupid?" 8. Evans, "Electronic Publication and the Narrowing of Science of Scholarship." 3243 The column features commentary written by ITAL editorial board members on the intersection of technology and libraries. Today the Hicks Undergraduate Library''s IT resources As opposed to seven public workstations, we have more than seventy computers distributed throughout the library and the Digital today?—including the library databases, the catalog, and Who would have thought that library computers ARL SPEC Kit entitled Social Software in Libraries.1 The survey reports on the usage of ten types of social software within ARL libraries: (1) social networking sites 6 inFoRmation tEcHnoLoGY anD LiBRaRiEs | sEptEmBER 2008 catalog search extensions, or widgets implemented by libraries like the 64 ARL libraries that responded, social software used in libraries. social software used in libraries. The remaining libraries adopted social software in year 2000 and responses or 34% of the libraries that had adopted social a total of 16 ARL libraries had adopted social software. 3244 Electronic Publishing Systems." Toward the end of my presentation was a slide enumerating some of the things I had operating systems and our responsibility for administering them Way Back When provided the impetus for libraries to install and configure. of the documentation, it sure looks like required Library Number 19 is dependent on the current version of Library FRom ouR REaDERs: ViRtuEs anD VaLuEs in DiGitaL LiBRaRY aRcHitEctuRE | cYzYK 9 responsible for developing and maintaining them, I''d like provide to our users simple and flawless installation procedures so that our systems can, on average, be installed a small set of user roles to which these functions will be users the GUIs they need to configure and manage things users will boycott using their systems and will look elseFRom ouR REaDERs: ViRtuEs anD VaLuEs in DiGitaL LiBRaRY aRcHitEctuRE | cYzYK 11 When installation and configuration of our systems are taking longer, significantly longer, 3245 can use MyLibrary to create any number of digital library At that time it denoted a personalizable/customizable user interface to sets of library collections and services. Librarians were expected to use the administrative interface to organize information resources into n MyLibrary, relationships, and facet/term combinations been made, lists of relevant MyLibrary objects (information resources or people) can be generated by specifying—"joining" in relational database parlance—facet/ facet/term combination, then the librarian and developer can create a list of astronomy-related resources information resource, a Formats facet/term combination backwards compatibility are used to describe information resource objects in MyLibrary. After defining sets of facet/term combinations, the MyLibrary API resource object and/or in a facet/term combination. Just like creators, subjects might be better implemented as facet/term combinations, and the MyLibrary MyLibrary Resource::Location objects, single information Just like the MyLibrary information resource objects, In summary, MyLibrary first defines a number fundamental library objects (information resources, people, and 3246 the reading of digital documents and evaluates the accessibility of PDF according to the most widely established Improving document accessibility for disabled persons, including the elderly, offers good business opportunities for IT firms. For its part, Adobe came out clearly in favor of accessibility in the latest updates of its flagship format, PDF, and its The second level of accessibility is that of PDF text documents, which come from the same source as image files PDF document contains ordered text and structural tags assistive technology can present a summary of the document, facilitate navigation, provide structural information of the content, etc. n Are PDF documents accessible according to the ISO standard? tools for creating accessible PDF documents easily Creating accessible PDF documents with page that uses W3C technologies, is accessible, has equivalent information (or functionality), and is 6.5 Ensure that dynamic content is accessible or provide an alternative presentation or page. 3247 an open-source wireless network discussed in the June 2007 issue of ITAL that with open-source software and commodity hardware that addressed the Lastly, a program that monitors the status of the network, provides components, and e-mails administrators with any changes to the network the Radius server, the access point the Radius server, the access point The openssl command line utility can be used to generate a SSL key and Certificate Signing the hosts file of the server that is providing Domain Name Service for your the port associated with a given network service is still available.12 This script determines that an access point # script will check the status of the wireless access # # availability of any access point or daemon, email # "http://lance.mckendree.edu/cgi-bin/wireless/status.cgi"; "http://lance.mckendree.edu/cgi-bin/wireless/status.cgi"; # open old output status script to get previous status'' # send the output perl status file to the webserver 3248 REtuRninG cLassiFication to tHE cataLoG | BLanD anD stoFFan 55 classification as a form of subject access, online catalog that makes use of Library of Classification to modern librari-ans is almost exclusively a tool for organizing and arranging put it in her recent review of classification and the online catalog, "To this users experience classification online search entry screen with verbal captions describing the classes, allowing numbers and associated subject headings from bibliographic and authority subject heading for the class (figure What does having the LC classification online in our catalog the classified catalog under the class and subject headings, and each class are displayed with the LCC hierarchy in the WNCLN catalog are Subject search display in WNCLN link to a subject search in the catalog, Class captions in LC''s Classification Web Integrated into the Subject Searching Capabilities of an Online Catalog: Final Report to 3250 2 inFoRmation tEcHnoLoGY anD LiBRaRiEs | junE 2008 2007/2008 and Trainer, Wisconsin Library Services, Madison. Networks: The Library as Conversation," in the What all three express to me is a concern that libraries, and just plain humans, need to be part of the conversation, part of the social structure, and full participants new LITA members are most interested in networking Lankes wants to make sure we participate with all libraries, our social structures are now required to be All of which leads to my President''s Program, featuring keynote speaker Joe Janes and the blogging folks at with LITA, taking place on Sunday, June 29, 2008. n LITA President''s Program It''s often said that today we have to run three libraries at run both the physical, visible library, and the one that what a library is and encompasses, what it isn''t, where members of the LITA community will blog and report 3251 Bibliographic and Information Technology Services, University able to navigate its bibliographic metadata encoded in an recent years, criticism of the catalog has grown ever more Some of these have focused on our bibliographic metadata, and particularly on its ability to encoding standards have done a very good job of managing the description of bibliographic items; what they have This initiative included several innovative features not previously found in library catalogs, such as search result relevance ranking and the ability to new product segment for the catalog: major ILS vendors combining relevancy and facets with additional functionality such as Web 2.0 social and collaborative tools and the major developments vis-a-vis the catalog in recent eleven major papers on various topics related to improving the catalog. Rochester''s eXtensible catalog (XC) project in this issue of catalog that ITAL has published, and I''ll eagerly be awaiting the next progress report on the XC. 3252 members will reflect on some question related to technology and libraries. user-centeredness in the design and creation of library tomorrow," how do we decide which ones are appropriate to build into enduring and useful services? on user-centered design is making librarians into marketers. when we use marketing techniques. Marketers are struggling to incorporate these new models into their research this change when my own library decided to do a focus research on how people think, make choices, and remember. services would be useful" in a focus group won''t be effective because you are only interviewing the users'' rational Zaltman proposes a number of very different marketing techniques to get a more complete picture of user understand how they feel about and think about those social choice a user makes with regard to the library, whether and to think of ourselves as marketers (at least part time). 3253 functional requirements developed for XC reveal generalizable needs for metadata to support a next-generation future development of discovery metadata for libraries. developed for the XC Project reveal many generalizable needs for metadata to support a next-generation discovery environment, and to facilitate new functionality (e.g., faceted browsing, user tagging)—are very similar to the goals of other library projects and commercial and can be considered general needs for library discovery metadata in the near future. of sources (integrated library systems, digital repositories, etc.), apply services to that metadata, and display XC Application Profile (described below); and other services to facilitate the functionality of the XC user environments (see discussion of Requirement 5, below). capable of handling the ingest and processing of metadata supplied by commercial content providers by adding additional services to handle the necessary schema future requirements for library metadata in these environments. 3254 Library staff used Heather Lyle''s (1999) article "Circulating Laptop Computers at West Virginia Since its inception, the use of the Morgan Library laptop of his survey is on the laptop service''s impact on library University, it was decided to formally survey laptop users library has a core of regular laptop users, with 33 percent Even with the slow connection to the wireless network, 41 percent of students responding to the survey rated their satisfaction with the library''s laptop service as was found that some laptops took as long as ten minutes to connect to the wireless network, which resulted library''s network staff changed each laptop''s user profile stuDEnt satisFaction witH ciRcuLatinG Laptop sERvicE | FELDmann, wEss, anD mootHaRt 25 stuDEnt satisFaction witH ciRcuLatinG Laptop sERvicE | FELDmann, wEss, anD mootHaRt 25 stuDEnt satisFaction witH ciRcuLatinG Laptop sERvicE | FELDmann, wEss, anD mootHaRt 25 The Morgan Library Laptop service was established in 3255 This paper will briefly discuss encoded archival description (EAD) finding aids, the workflow and process involved in encoding finding aids using EAD metadata and locally encoded electronic EAD finding aids inventories will be referred to as EADs @ FSU. aid standard, encoded archival description (EAD) document type definition (DTD) (LOC, 2006a). "The EAD Document Type Definition (DTD) is a standard for encoding archival finding aids using Extensible locally encoded electronic encoded archival description (EAD) finding aids using a Note Tab Light text to encode findings down to the collection level and create EAD XML files. EAD finding aids as HTML, PDF, and XML and presenting these manifestations to researchers and end users. EAD finding aids in hTML, PDF, and XML format Online search GUI for EAD finding aids and digital collections within IR FSU special collections EAD finding aids inventories. Use of encoded archival description (EAD) for manuscript collection Retrieved 3256 Library''s digital collection of urban In Calhoun''s report to the Library of Congress, it becomes clear that staff time and resources a digital library under the sponsorship of the Portland State University geographic information at your fingertips" (http://earth.google.com). well-organized bibliographic information in the library catalog, not like search engines—to bring information available in libraries to users search to library catalogs with access Library of Congress include the question of how to get a Google user from Google to library collections. that "data about a library''s collection needs to be on Google and other from Portland State Library''s digital Library OSCDL-onGoogle-Earth project the Google Earth project, the authors KML files, created in Google Earth, intRoDucinG ZoomiFY imaGE | smitH 35DiscovERinG tHE LiBRaRY witH GooGLE EaRtH | BREnnER anD KLEin 35 intRoDucinG ZoomiFY imaGE | smitH 35DiscovERinG tHE LiBRaRY witH GooGLE EaRtH | BREnnER anD KLEin 35 library catalog to Google Maps 3257 Currently we librarians seem to be hitching our wagon to the idea of library as community because in part it''s what we ourselves want. that our LITA members want more community from our want community. world is breaking their backs to create every form of virtual community they can think of as quickly as possible. issue face-to-face community we''ve always created, but to also create that new highly desired virtual community. Either we create a library-specific version, or we at the very least create a way for our patrons to access those communities. those virtual communities, we work to make it possible patrons with a research need turn to libraries first only because we''re librarians and library technologists and Assessment and Research Committee co-chaired by Bonnie LITA board and the new committee. with a LITA colleague as you seek to find some answers It''s all part of building community. mark Beatty (mbeatty@wils.wisc.edu) is LITA President 3258 Regular readers of ITAL will recall that the members of the ITAL editorial board as his "junkyard Our audience is not limited to those actively working in library technology, although they certainly form The current issue of ITAL is no exception in this regard. We lead off with two papers that reflect the renewed interest of the past several years in the role and improvement of the library online catalog. FRBR study to appear in the pages of ITAL. Beginning with the June 2008 issue, ITAL will include a regular column contributed by members of the board, related to technology and libraries that is on the author''s include a similar column contributed by ITAL readers. This issue is of course especially important in the case of a technology-focused journal, where content tends to age rapidly. cataloging and other important issues, [in which] Yee is 2005 issue of ITAL (p. 3259 Librarians sometimes even laugh at users'' ignorance and ineffectiveness in searching library OPACs. This assumed that users always came to the library with specific author, title, or subject information in mind before expectations in searching library OPACs. Teaching users Library''s OPAC automatically executes "same" for multiple search words if no Boolean operators are entered search every field in a bibliographic record; other libraries search the title, subject, and author fields only. very useful since users usually do not have titles or publication dates in mind when browsing search results from aRtiCLE titLE | autHoR 21REvitaLizinG tHE LiBRaRY opaC | mi anD WEnG 21 aRtiCLE titLE | autHoR 21REvitaLizinG tHE LiBRaRY opaC | mi anD WEnG 21 aRtiCLE titLE | autHoR 21REvitaLizinG tHE LiBRaRY opaC | mi anD WEnG 21 aRtiCLE titLE | autHoR 21REvitaLizinG tHE LiBRaRY opaC | mi anD WEnG 21 aRtiCLE titLE | autHoR 21REvitaLizinG tHE LiBRaRY opaC | mi anD WEnG 21 3260 (FRBR)''s hierarchical system defines families of bibliographic relationship between records and collocates them This report will summarize the benefits of FRBR to nextgeneration library catalogs and OPACs, and will review Music libraries must collect, catalog, and support materials in more formats than anyone else; this makes their of libraries'' music collections depend upon catalogers to a music catalog.23 This work laid the foundation for FRBR also logically groups related works throughout the library catalog. value an object''s format as one of the first distinguishing features: "User Categorization of Works: Toward Improved Organization of Online Catalog Displays," Journal of Documentation 55, Vellucci, Bibliographic Relationships in Music Catalogs (Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 1997), 1. "Enhancing Library Catalogs for Music," paper presented at Catalog: Schemes for Organizing Author and Work Records aRtiCLE titLE | autHoR 31FRBRization oF a LiBRaRY CataLoG | DiCkEY 31 "FRBR Work-Set Algorithm." Apr. 2005 report; http://www.oclc.org/research/ Bibliographic Relationships in Music Catalogs. 3261 certain age groups, prefer traditional face-to-face training as libraries move toward online training. preferences for online or traditional face-to-face training and variables such as ethnicity, gender, age, educational level, and years of experience. related to demographics, library''s training budget, professional development policies, training providers, and 5. Do library staff prefer traditional face-to-face training over online training? percent) preferred online training: Strongly agree (3.1 educated employees would prefer online training while online training is more cost effective; and that good professional development policies might result in preference aRtiCLE titLE | autHoR 39onLinE WoRkpLaCE tRaininG in LiBRaRiEs | HaLEY 39 aRtiCLE titLE | autHoR 39onLinE WoRkpLaCE tRaininG in LiBRaRiEs | HaLEY 39 aRtiCLE titLE | autHoR 39onLinE WoRkpLaCE tRaininG in LiBRaRiEs | HaLEY 39 aRtiCLE titLE | autHoR 39onLinE WoRkpLaCE tRaininG in LiBRaRiEs | HaLEY 39 8. If training is provided by library consortia, I would prefer that it be offered online rather than face-to-face. 3262 As a good complement to traditional textbased information retrieval technology, content-based of the actual content of image, audio, or video (Marques Since CBIR is the major research area and has the longest history in content-based information retrieval, there Compared with CBIR, content-based audio retrieval content-based image and video retrieval. the query and those of the objects in the database are computed; a list of video clips is then retrieved based on their content-based search to retrieve desired video clips. research projects focusing on the content-based information retrieval techniques for this new multimedia format. aRtiCLE titLE | autHoR 47ContEnt-BasED inFoRmation REtRiEvaL anD DiGitaL LiBRaRiEs | Wan anD Liu 47 aRtiCLE titLE | autHoR 47ContEnt-BasED inFoRmation REtRiEvaL anD DiGitaL LiBRaRiEs | Wan anD Liu 47 aRtiCLE titLE | autHoR 47ContEnt-BasED inFoRmation REtRiEvaL anD DiGitaL LiBRaRiEs | Wan anD Liu 47 aRtiCLE titLE | autHoR 47ContEnt-BasED inFoRmation REtRiEvaL anD DiGitaL LiBRaRiEs | Wan anD Liu 47 3263 generator has been developed for the visually impaired or blind using force feedback this prototype allows blind people to access information on the Web by touching output Braille displays with a force feedback conducted with blind participants has provided valuable information about the optimal conditions for the use of the prototype. visually impaired people to enjoy information on the Web more freely. feedback in multimodal virtual reality and printed medium in visualization for the blind.15 Tzovaras feedback for blind people.16 Ramloll size—due to the relatively small percentage of visually impaired people who are completely blind and feedback displays that enable visually impaired people to access the graphical displays, blind people''s Numerous devices have been developed to improve blind or visually This new prototype uses established force feedback technology The application of this force feedback prototype to image displays C. Colwell and others, "Haptic Virtual Reality for Blind Computer Users," in Visualization for Blind People," in 3265 This issue of Information Technology and Libraries (ITAL), December 2007, marks the end of my term as editor. serve the LITA membership and ITAL readership for the distinguished peers—have published articles in ITAL. LITA and ITAL both one of LITA''s founders and ITAL''s first editor, Frederick landmark in the passing of an era. to me then: increasing the number of articles from library and ambitious goal, "to make ITAL a destination journal In the LITA organizational structure, the ITAL editor and the Editorial Board report to the LITA Publications the members of the ITAL Editorial Board who served dur­ To Marc Truitt, ITAL managing editor and the incom­ ing ITAL editor for the 2008–2010 volume years, I must form, fit, and finish of the journal issues you received in privilege to publish, and you whose articles have been State university, and Editor of Information Technology and Libraries. 3266 Enterprise digital asset management (DAM) systems are significant issues are summarized: privacy, intellectual ownership, digital rights management, uncataloged digital asset management (DAM) systems. preferred types of assets were digital video, images, and manage, store, and publish digital rich media assets new works with digital rich media assets. enterprise DAM system project known as the Living Lab. ■ Background of the Living Lab: U-M enterprise DAM system project ■ Metadata (managing assets within the academic model) The vision for enterprise DAM at U­M is for digital assets ■ provide information on authorized uses of the assets Thus, asset metadata in the Living Lab can be pro­ A dental student interviewing an SPi. aRticLE titLE | autHoR 11EntERpRisE Dam sYstEm piLot | KiM, AHrONHEiM, SuzuKA, KiNg, BruELL, MiLLEr, AND JOHNSON 11 to access assets securely from Living Lab through other asset in the Living Lab. Currently, end users and support that result from the use of digital assets in education. 3267 ■ a discussion of key concepts and technologies in participatory networks drawn primarily from Web 2.0 ■ a merging of the conceptual framework with the technological discussion to present a roadmap for library working, Library 2.0, and participatory networks seems a more participatory, conversational approach to libraries a much larger library catalog that shows users a book and library''s community of users to participate, contribut­ bring the tools of Web 2.0 to the service of Library 2.0 are ■ Libraries as participatory conversations between the user, the community of the local library, and systems in a conversational library. new concepts (such as the participatory library). libraries incorporate participatory technologies into their Users may access the participatory library directly conversation, libraries serve as the vital community information about library services and conversations to denced in the Library 2.0 community or in conversations library community should create a participatory net­ 3268 points relied on by both patrons and government agencies, it is important for libraries to consider the implications of these roles. several different strands of research, this paper examines the nexus of public libraries, values, trust, and tion of public libraries into Internet and e­government ance on public libraries to provide access to and help with ■ The nexus of public libraries, values, trust, and e-government Role in Public Access to Government," Information, Libraries, and aRticLE titLE | autHoR 43puBLic LiBRaRiEs, vaLuEs, tRust, anD E-GovERnmEnt | JaEGER anD FLEiscHmann 43 aRticLE titLE | autHoR 43puBLic LiBRaRiEs, vaLuEs, tRust, anD E-GovERnmEnt | JaEGER anD FLEiscHmann 43 aRticLE titLE | autHoR 43puBLic LiBRaRiEs, vaLuEs, tRust, anD E-GovERnmEnt | JaEGER anD FLEiscHmann 43 aRticLE titLE | autHoR 43puBLic LiBRaRiEs, vaLuEs, tRust, anD E-GovERnmEnt | JaEGER anD FLEiscHmann 43 aRticLE titLE | autHoR 43puBLic LiBRaRiEs, vaLuEs, tRust, anD E-GovERnmEnt | JaEGER anD FLEiscHmann 43 3269 library initiative of building an integrated library system (ILS) for Afghanistan universities and colleges based on open-source eQuality Digital Libraries Alliance, the Arabic and Persian language support, user interface changes, call number label printing, and ISBN-13 support. library running on open-source software. the Digital Libraries Alliance (DLA) the capacity of Afghan libraries and An integrated library system (ILS) library systems. The ILS will support 30,000 students a digital library infrastructure with aFGHanistan DiGitaL LiBRaRY initiativE | Han anD RaWan 45 a full­featured ILS, developed in paper Open Source Integrated Library development in the open source ILS Supporting Persian, Farsi, and Dari a new Farsi/Dari GUI for the OPAC. source software at the UA library ■ run one server in the UA library library initiatives for the Afghanistan The new Farsi and Dari user Afghanistan: Rebuilding Libraries, paper Open Source Integrated Library Systems: An Figure 1: Afghanistan academic libraries 3270 that results in LITA members'' ideas being exchanged and to create real opportunities to implement those ideas. sweet, and discuss just a few of the ideas that have been now, and pragmatic approaches to problem solving are It''s like not knowing what to do with pretty obvious that members want community in all its The Web 2.0 and the Library 2.0 prised that they want to work and play in groups. environment that we would like to create for our patrons, come only when all the low­hanging fruit has finally been As social organizations, libraries, ALA, LITA and low­hanging fruit of Web 1.0. I like to think that Web 2.0 is to work and play and how we want our social structures So how can we make LITA mirror how we want to work and play? Mark Beatty (mbeatty@wils.wisc.edu) is LITA President President''s Column Mark Beatty 3271 TESTING INFORMATION LITERACY IN DIGITAL ENvIRONMENTS | KATz 3 Despite coming of age with the Internet and other technology, many college students lack the information and communication technology (ICT) literacy skills necessary to navigate, evaluate, and use the overabundance assessment, an Internet-based assessment of information literacy skills that arise in the context of technology. From the earliest stages to the present, the library community has been directly involved in the design, development, review, field trials, and administration to ensure students'' information literacy skills are improving. assessment of information literacy skills that arise in the an ICT literacy assessment targeted at higher educa­ ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 11TESTING INFORMATION LITERACY IN DIGITAL ENvIRONMENTS | KATz 11 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 11TESTING INFORMATION LITERACY IN DIGITAL ENvIRONMENTS | KATz 11 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 11TESTING INFORMATION LITERACY IN DIGITAL ENvIRONMENTS | KATz 11 ICT literacy performance not only by students within Assessing information literacy skills in the Cali­ 3272 This article examines the linguistic structure of folksonomy tags collected over a thirty-day period from the pertaining to types of concepts expressed, the predominance of single terms and nouns, and the use of recognized spelling. grammatical form of a tag; for example, noun, verbal ■ Tagging conventions and guidelines of the folksonomy sites The Furl Web site uses the term topics rather than tags, ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 25THE STRUCTURE AND FORM OF FOLKSONOMY TAGS | SpITERI 25 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 25THE STRUCTURE AND FORM OF FOLKSONOMY TAGS | SpITERI 25 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 25THE STRUCTURE AND FORM OF FOLKSONOMY TAGS | SpITERI 25 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 25THE STRUCTURE AND FORM OF FOLKSONOMY TAGS | SpITERI 25 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 25THE STRUCTURE AND FORM OF FOLKSONOMY TAGS | SpITERI 25 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 25THE STRUCTURE AND FORM OF FOLKSONOMY TAGS | SpITERI 25 3273 in libraries, the author searched for examples of wikis collaborative tools in libraries (http://www.libsuccess Library Success: A Best Practices wiki (http://www. with their patrons; and (2) how libraries can use wikis for Examples of wikis used in libraries for each category The Library Instruction Wiki (http://instructionwiki of a wiki that is used for collaboration among library Library Instruction wiki (http://instructionwiki.org/) The University of Connecticut Libraries'' staff wiki (http:// The University of Connecticut Libraries'' staff wiki (http:// For libraries to use wikis for the purpose of collaborating ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 37WIKIS IN LIBRARIES | BEJUNE 37 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 37WIKIS IN LIBRARIES | BEJUNE 37 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 37WIKIS IN LIBRARIES | BEJUNE 37 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 37WIKIS IN LIBRARIES | BEJUNE 37 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 37WIKIS IN LIBRARIES | BEJUNE 37 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 37WIKIS IN LIBRARIES | BEJUNE 37 3274 controlled vocabularies, the term knowledge organization systems (KOS) is intended to encompass all types thesauri has to create specific tools to transform all of ThManager has been created to manage thesauri, it also is vocabularies and thesauri as the Thesaurus for Graphic tool that allows the creation of thesauri. thesauri), indicating that two concepts are related in This tool has been created to manage thesauri in SKOS, gration in tools that need to use thesauri or other types different components provided by the GUI layer to allow persistence layer to provide access to thesauri. dc:format [ http://iaaa.cps.unizar.es/MimeType/Concept/skos ] other tools that need to use thesauri outside a desktop in SKOS and returns the relation respect to concept core independent tool to facilitate thesauri management, but manage thesauri stored in SKOS. of concepts (based in the thesaurus viewer) is provided, UNESCO are examples of thesauri provided in formats 3275 The LITA bloggers and podcasters were omni­ opportunity to listen to brief podcast interviews with the The LITA Board approved the election pod­ The most exciting aspects of the Midwinter Meeting number of new LITA members alongside those of us who important networking opportunity for LITA members was the LITA Town Meeting led by LITA Vice President Mark can expect in the next year when Mark is president. LITA members 365 X 24 X 7 and not just at conferences LITA''s Emerging Leaders. work as well as to conduct LITA business. dations to the LITA Board at Midwinter. of feedback and assessment data on LITA programs and one Education Committee. I anticipate that LITA members will see some great new the LITA president this past year. getting to know so many LITA members who have such has volunteered their time and talents to make LITA such 3276 smaller number, I conjured a mental picture of a fictional, male, potential ITAL author. My mental picture of this fictional male potential Lucky LITA: it is unlikely that any member technology journal, and members and readers ought to library technology issues misusing technical terms or or stating technology problems or issues in the title or ITAL referees are quite diligent in questioning authors authors who state major theses or technology problems comment posted by a LITA member has led to a flurry of der, what if ITAL accepted manuscripts as short as lita­l someone posts a technology question to lita­l that gener­ the technology in question is bad policy, the responses are, Second, and more importantly to me, LITA members, send your ITAL editor a manuscript to be chewed upon are your ITAL Editorial Board members and referees? State University, and Editor of Information Technology and Libraries. 3277 computing access, the authors offer insights into the network-based content and services that public libraries provide. of access to public libraries for state residents. of public libraries offering wireless Internet access. connectivity in public library outlets by state in 2004 and 2006 public libraries to provide sufficient Internet access. connection providers for public libraries and the states public libraries and the Internet access they provide. public libraries and the Internet access they provide. of Internet access in public libraries in a state. the Internet access in public libraries in different states in PuBLIC LIBRARIES AND INTERNET ACCESS | JAEGER, BERTOT, MCCLuRE, AND RODRIGuEz 13 PuBLIC LIBRARIES AND INTERNET ACCESS | JAEGER, BERTOT, MCCLuRE, AND RODRIGuEz 13 PuBLIC LIBRARIES AND INTERNET ACCESS | JAEGER, BERTOT, MCCLuRE, AND RODRIGuEz 13 PuBLIC LIBRARIES AND INTERNET ACCESS | JAEGER, BERTOT, MCCLuRE, AND RODRIGuEz 13 PuBLIC LIBRARIES AND INTERNET ACCESS | JAEGER, BERTOT, MCCLuRE, AND RODRIGuEz 13 3278 of bias that arise in matching new records to large databases. Libraries Information Network (RLIN) database, PICA (a created under different rules of record description (catalog­ incoming records to candidate matches in the database. creation or processing of database records that feed on update the database, either by replacing matched records, new records if no match is found in the database. standards and rules for creating database records. schemes affect matching to MARC records? Records in the OCLC Database: Boon or Bane?" Library Resources PuBLIC LIBRARIES AND INTERNET ACCESS | JAEGER, BERTOT, MCCLuRE, AND RODRIGuEz 25MISINFORMATION AND BIAS IN METADATA PROCESSING | THORNBuRG AND OSkINS 25 PuBLIC LIBRARIES AND INTERNET ACCESS | JAEGER, BERTOT, MCCLuRE, AND RODRIGuEz 25MISINFORMATION AND BIAS IN METADATA PROCESSING | THORNBuRG AND OSkINS 25 PuBLIC LIBRARIES AND INTERNET ACCESS | JAEGER, BERTOT, MCCLuRE, AND RODRIGuEz 25MISINFORMATION AND BIAS IN METADATA PROCESSING | THORNBuRG AND OSkINS 25 3279 Index Blending is the process of database development examples of the process of Index Blending involve the aspects associated with a research index such as content Communication & Mass Media Complete database.4Figure 1. base development using the process of Index Blending. and mass media database was established, EBSCO began of the database Communication & Mass Media Complete, developers of a database called Mass Media Articles Index. Libraries since 1984, Mass Media Articles Index provided Articles Index, EBSCO earmarked this database as the sec­ Indexing components of Communication & Mass Media Complete Hospitality & Tourism Index was Purdue University''s for EBSCO''s new Hospitality & Tourism Index by its hospitality and tourism database by reviewing Indexing components of Hospitality & Tourism Complete PuBLIC LIBRARIES AND INTERNET ACCESS | JAEGER, BERTOT, MCCLuRE, AND RODRIGuEz 33INDEx BLENDING | BROOkS AND HERRICk 33 Media Complete, Hospitality & Tourism Index, and Computers process of Index Blending, most database producers 3280 set of servers that provide: DHCP, Web­caching proxy, DNS caching, radius, Web server, a captive portal, and Linksys WRT54GS routers were chosen as the access points server #1 (router), was given three network interfaces, n set up port knocking before allowing users to log into The third server required the installation of the captive entry was added to allow the access points to obtain a configuration file that allows users to access a certain list Chillispot passes the physical address of the access point were needed to set the mode of the access point, to turn the network information for the access point and then to allow the access point to obtain its IP address from the # Set up transparent proxy for wireless network, but allow # used to give static addresses to the access points # radius server for the network Other access point/routers 3281 Using a MetaSearch product, a single search is broadcast included implementing a MetaSearch tool, the adequacy search is a good example of how a MetaSearch tool product, some libraries group their electronic resources by This approach allows users to search these resources resources on subject guide search boxes. Of all of the issues with our MetaSearch tool, response MetaSearch tailored search box with full text category selected response time information for individual resources along n Response time and tailored search boxes Choosing the resources to include in the search box as well box, our MetaSearch tool defaults to the keyword index Library search engine subject categories a Subject Librarian is only searching two or three resources resources are in their search boxes as well as the number interface of the electronic resource and (2) MetaSearching. In implementing MetaSearching, libraries have Most libraries do not have the time and resources 3282 2 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2007 affect libraries and their use of technology. Legislative action, national policy, and stan­ providing its expertise on national issues and standards LITA has several committees, interest groups, and legislation, regulation, and national policy issues that affecting libraries and assists in developing appropri­ educational mission, the committee publicizes issues of this committee serves as the LITA representative to of Information Technology Policy Advisory Committee Committee on IT policy issues that may cross over into tive to the ALA Intellectual Freedom Committee whose copyright and intellectual property rights in an electronic LITA has always been very active on the standards to provide expertise on developing standards that per­ LITA has a Standards Interest LITA Web site provides a wealth of information about about developing standards is to participate in the LITA posting information about various library technology LITA''s participation in technological developments 3283 My birthday "cake" at work Library Automation (JOLA), ITAL''s original title, died last 2006 and ITAL in 2007, the Editorial Board and I wanted number of authors to submit articles describing their to submit such articles in previous editorials and in a University Library Fund Accounting System"; Richard Control Procedures at the Oakland University Library"; of Library Catalog Cards Produced by Computer"; R. and systems for big issues facing libraries forty years ago. of major operations performed by librarians and library tiveness of internal library processes. were not systems for library users per se. and well­integrated library systems have revolutionized State University, and Editor of Information Technology and Libraries. effect, if any, use of Facebook in the library has had on library services and operations?  Annoys library faculty and staff  Interests library faculty and staff  Has generated discussion among library faculty Facebook in the library? have regarding Facebook use in libraries. 3284 social-scientific research practice and provide implications for scholarly information-system development. essential to carry out new studies of information uses and vious studies by examining social scientists'' information seeking information for academic research? seeking information for academic research? Stages of the social scientists'' information seeking for information on both literature and research data via information usefulness, importance of research, problems of information use situated in different practice entists use information in their research practices and B. Folster, "A Study of the Use of Information Sources by Social 4. Folster, "A Study of the Use of Information Sources by ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 13INFORMATION SEEkING IN ACADEMIC RESEARCH | SHEN 13 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 13INFORMATION SEEkING IN ACADEMIC RESEARCH | SHEN 13 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 13INFORMATION SEEkING IN ACADEMIC RESEARCH | SHEN 13 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 13INFORMATION SEEkING IN ACADEMIC RESEARCH | SHEN 13 Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 3285 It is, however, time to move beyond connectivity type and speed questions and consider issues of bandwidth sufficiency, quality, and the range of networked One key question, however, is what is quality PAC and Internet bandwidth for public libraries? Public library outlet maximum speed of public-access Internet services by metropolitan status and poverty Public library connection speed is sufficient to meet patron needs by metropolitan status Public library connection speed insufficient to meet patron needs some or all of the time by metropolitan status Public library connection speed insufficient to meet patron needs some or all of the time by metropolitan status ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 21ASSESSING SUFFICIENCY AND qUALITY OF BANDWIDTH FOR PUBLIC LIBRARIES | BERTOT AND MCCLURE 21 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 21ASSESSING SUFFICIENCY AND qUALITY OF BANDWIDTH FOR PUBLIC LIBRARIES | BERTOT AND MCCLURE 21 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 21ASSESSING SUFFICIENCY AND qUALITY OF BANDWIDTH FOR PUBLIC LIBRARIES | BERTOT AND MCCLURE 21 3286 This article reports on a survey of 126 academic librarians concerning their perspectives toward Facebook.com, result of patrons accessing Facebook in the library. Facebook may appear, online social networking, a cat­ use online social networking sites similar to Facebook.18 library computers to access Facebook, 56 percent of those Student use of library computers to access Facebook toward Facebook and online social networks in general. Librarians should help students, when able, with questions regarding Facebook. Student use of Facebook on library computers should not be regulated. Library computers should be available for access to Facebook, but librarians should not feel that it is their a patron using Facebook allow another student to use by students accessing Facebook. students and why Facebook (and other online social net­ use of library computers to access Facebook? students with Facebook questions and access to the  Student use of Facebook on library computers have regarding Facebook use in libraries. 3287 catalog (OPAC) design enhancements examined the possible effects such changes may have on circulation and OPAC enhancement, such gains did not result in significant corresponding changes in total circulation. study of error types as a percentage of total searches. holds would result in increases in both total circulation and total network transfers (ILL) of library materials one all libraries by FY of OPAC enhancement were totaled ILLs as a percent of total circulation also increased study year that came after an OPAC ILL enhancement. enhancements of ILL received as a percentage of total circulation OPAC design enhancement: patron-placed Massachusetts OPAC design enhancement: patron-placed Massachusetts OPAC design enhancement: patron-placed holds (adopted OPAC design enhancement: patron-placed holds (adopted 12/02) ILL received as a percentage of total circulation 12/02) ILL received as a percentage of total circulation Circulation comparison prior to any ILL OPAC enhancement (FY ''99 to FY ''00) ILL comparison OPAC enhancements "Cumulative 3288 Zoomify Image is a mature product for easily publishing large, high-resolution images on the Web. End users view these images with existing Webbrowser software as quickly as they Flash-based Zoomifyer client asynchronously streams image data to the to produce a cross-platform, opensource implementation of that company''s image-processing software stream image data back to the client Zoomify Image (sourceforge.net/ Zoomify Image and displayed within the Zoomify Image software from Begin exploring Zoomify Image by the Zoomify Image distribution and image data used by the Zoomifyer the use of Zoomify Image within the To use Zoomify Image with Zope, Zoomify Image objects appears. to the Zoomify Image object should Zoomify Image distribution contains process them through Zoomify Image tion where the Zoomify Image object Zoomify Image was developed to future versions of Zoomify Image. for processing images so the Zope for processing images so the Zope Finally, Zoomify Image Python Imaging Library (PIL) (http:// 3322 Information Technology and Libraries; Mar 2006; 25, 1; ProQuest Education Journals Information Technology and Libraries; Mar 2006; 25, 1; ProQuest Education Journals Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 3323 3324 3325 3326 3327 3328 Graphical Table of Contents for Library Collections: The Application ... Herrero-Solana, Victor;Félix Moya-Anegón;Guerrero-Bote, Vicente;Zapico-Alonso, Felipe Information Technology and Libraries; Mar 2006; 25, 1; ProQuest Education Journals Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 3329 50 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2006 In July 1966, the Library and Information Technology Association (LITA) was officially born at the American Library Association (ALA) the first twenty-five years of LITA is intriguing reading R. Salmon''s article "LITA''s First Twenty-Five Years: A technology organization that has been in existence for the quote if I did) once told me that library automation The 1970s saw the introduction of minicomputer systems. Automation and systems evolved and changed over the years, and so did libraries. stores better than what the library was able to provide. All the while, during these four decades, our association and its members continually adapted to the new association, are again facing the need to change, to transform ourselves. IT, digital technology, automation (whatever term you want to use) affects the work of virtually every library to contact me or any member of the board (www.lita .org/ala/lita/aboutlita/org/litagov/board.htm). 3330 Association (LITA) members and Information Technology and Libraries (ITAL) readers know that 2006 This issue marks the initiation of a two-volume celebration (volumes 25 and 26) of his role as founding editor by publishing what we hope are significant articles available to LITA members and ITAL subscribers on the ALA/LITA Web site. (The ITAL editor and editorial board report to the publications committee.) After ALA publishing allows authors to submit their articles to institutional repositories, and many authors now print and electronic versions and to allow open access I think both the ITAL editorial board and the LITA I hope that all LITA members feel the same. I further hope that LITA members will do everything they LITA members took two other steps: participating in writing and encouraging the writing of significant articles, and Editor of Information Technology and Libraries. Editorial: LITA and ITAL: 3331 Google Scholar holds promise as a means for libraries enable libraries to provide quality resources to users during their online search process. Throughout much of Kilgour''s life, 100 percent availability of information meant that all of a library''s books search tools may enable users to seek and find information for themselves at one end of this spectrum, it seems library user may access a periodical via any or all of these material, many users may prefer a link in Google Scholar GOOGLE SCHOLAR AND 100 PERCENT AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION | POMERANTZ 55 GOOGLE SCHOLAR AND 100 PERCENT AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION | POMERANTZ 55 catalogs and many other online resources used in libraries, it is unknown what materials are included in Google is appropriate for libraries to provide access to Google Google Scholar does not provide access enable libraries to realize Kilgour ''s goals of improving the availability of information, and to provide 100 3332 This article introduces the Ajax approach to the development of interactive Web applications and discusses its OJAX, a repository metasearch user interface, has been developed to illustrate the potential impact some uses of Ajax technology, and discusses the implications for Web applications. model involves user actions triggering a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) request to a Web server.3 The latter for an entire new page, user actions generate JavaScript as the user enters a term in the search field. search-terms field and the subject field use Ajax to autocomplete user entries. Initiating a search in OJAX results in an average response OJAX aims to provide a compact display of key information, enabling users to see multiple results simultaneously. user investment is to provide initial search results before Users browsing through search results on OJAX would the OJAX user interface could also be used to search an 3333 ■ Access to digital archival collections in libraries traditional library, archival, and digital collections even Congress, selectively add records to their OPACs for individual items in their archival and digital document collections. Still other libraries, such as the University of Washington, include collection-level MARC records in the OPAC records are the mechanisms used by III to describe digital resources at a collection, subcollection, or title level, DIGITAL COLLECTION MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE LIBRARY CATALOG | BRENNER, LARSEN, AND WESTON 77 DIGITAL COLLECTION MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE LIBRARY CATALOG | BRENNER, LARSEN, AND WESTON 77 DIGITAL COLLECTION MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE LIBRARY CATALOG | BRENNER, LARSEN, AND WESTON 77 DIGITAL COLLECTION MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE LIBRARY CATALOG | BRENNER, LARSEN, AND WESTON 77 DIGITAL COLLECTION MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE LIBRARY CATALOG | BRENNER, LARSEN, AND WESTON 77 DIGITAL COLLECTION MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE LIBRARY CATALOG | BRENNER, LARSEN, AND WESTON 77 3334 The approach focuses on understanding users'' information-seeking problems, understanding who has the problems, and applying solutions that a systems engineering-based methodology for improving the whole search experience. have resulted, enhancing the user experience at the site syntax and search-engine performance, there are actually several steps in the retrieval process, from the user only improve search precision, but will also help users search results, and then reports query-document relevance assessments to the system. ■ Review Help Desk contacts, satisfaction-survey comments, and zero-results reports to identify information users who are having trouble finding or A large set of search results can be automatically categorized into subsets to help the user find the information he search box and users must be helped to find information The process of improving the user search experience is thousand queries using these terms, so the search experience has been improved for tens of thousands of users in many other improvements to the user search experience 3335 most digital libraries contain a colossal amount of information, it is critical to design more user-friendly interfaces to explore, understand, and manage their content. defined several specific user tasks of digital libraries and illustrated some existing information-visualization techniques that can be used to enhance these tasks, searching, navigation, and browsing.2 Indeed, most information-visualization projects for digital libraries have et al., provided a search aid in a digital-library environment and helped users analyze the search query results This section presents several recent information-visualization projects applied to digital libraries. Indiana University''s (IU''s) LVis (Digital Library Visualizer) project aims to aid users'' navigation and comprehension of large document sets retrieved from digital data set can represent any digital-library objects in various formats including books, journals, papers, images, University is another good example of 3D space metaphor in digital libraries using a variety of visualization The above applications are just a few examples of information visualization in a digital-library environment. 3337 access to online knowledge collections, information services, and research or educational networks to preserve Topologies (CDT), packs and unpacks ideas and information in themes similar to museum exhibitions using specifications created by each author and network. ■ Tools to assemble the bigger pictures needed to document the best paths to the most relevant information new to an event, artifact, idea, or information can see it searched on a global level using simpler tools and predetermined pathways accessible by anyone, two researchers in different geographic or academic areas may be ideas, and information means contributing to and combining a wide range of knowledge, expertise, networks, We do not currently mark the original versus subsequent interpretations of the same information as an integral component of most digital records. artifacts, ideas, and information generated by the project publications, exhibits, ideas, artifacts, and other information generated by the participating individuals and 3338 toward the successful production of a scholarly article in librarianship. articles end with a Future Research and any other bibliographic information at the time of collection will different journals have different citation requirements, having all of this journal that has published works start the research, write the literature the article is to develop an outline of Scholarly writing is different than the time to write, it can be useful to this type of review work is easy to put work, the editor will briefly review article on to one or more reviewers; reviewers will read the article and journal is interested in publishing the article, but it will require Do not submit your work to multiple journals at the same time. Writing an article and getting it WRITING YOUR FIRST SCHOLARLY ARTICLE | NICHOLSON 111 WRITING YOUR FIRST SCHOLARLY ARTICLE | NICHOLSON 111 3339 112 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2006 The reality for most librarians is will be involved in strategic management and planning. Riggs''s Strategic Planning for Library Matthews''s book attempts to provide information on how to explore strategies; demystify false impressions of library strategies that can be used; major sections: (1) what is a strategy, planning; and (3) the need to monitor and update strategies. four chapters make up the first section. Chapter 3 provides brief introductions to schools of strategic Section 2 consists of chapters on what strategic planning is, what its on what strategic planning is, what its on what strategic planning is, what its monitoring and updating strategies; one containing sample library strategic plans, and another with a critique of a library strategic plan. and measurement of strategic planning is essential for libraries to book should be read by every library strategic planning and process.—Brad 3340 and excitement exhibited by LITA''s members. For forty years now, LITA members have been Nashville for the ninth LITA National Forum, October 26– LITA has had a long tradition of providing quality effort held in 1971 with the Library Education Division A Symposium for Educators." In later years, LITA held conferences were very successful, the idea of a more informal, intimate event to be held annually took form, and in 1998 LITA held its first annual National Forum. LITA National Forum in Denver. One of LITA''s strongest membership benefits is the personal networking opportunities it provides. Besides the National Forum (just one of LITA''s many LITA is its flexibility to quickly accommodate programming to cover the latest issues and trends. LITA''s programming at ALA Annual Conferences attracts attendees Of course, LITA''s publications provide a very lasting LITA launched Journal of Library All of these programs are just a sampling of what LITA 3341 The authors of "The State of RFID Applications in Libraries," footnote 24, the authors wrote: "The Eugene Public Library wrote: "The Eugene (Ore.) Public Library reported ''collision'' July 1, 2006 marked the merger of RLG and OCLC. of RLG''s unique and successful programs and integrating them and their development philosophy as "RLGPrograms," while working alongside OCLC Research, dean of libraries, University of Washington, wrote: "The Scholarly Communication, Penn State University (and former chair of the OCLC Board); and Carol Mandel, dean of libraries, New York University. From OCLC the members RLG-Programs Development, OCLC: "We are combining the practices of RLG and OCLC in a very powerful way— by putting together the traditions of RLG and OCLC we in 1967, Fred Kilgour founded OCLC; and was the founding editor of the Journal of Library Automation (JOLA—Vol. his comments on the OCLC-RLG merger. State University and Editor of Information Technology and Libraries. 3342 to give its users relevance-ranked keyword search results catalogs that incorporated advanced search and matching techniques developed by researchers in information developed at the National Library of Medicine, incorporated many of the features of the Endeca-powered catalog, current NCSU implementation primarily uses the "matchall" technique for keyword searching, an implied AND to associate relevance ranking with probabilistic or vector-based retrieval techniques, Endeca includes a suite of The Endeca-powered catalog, in addition to addressing classic keyword-search problems by introducing team also decided to link from titles in the Endeca-powered results page to the Web2 detailed record. users enter a search query, they can explore the result set A survey of the keyword-versus-authority searching distinction in a variety of library catalogs led to the authority searching using the library''s old Web2 catalog 2005 search logs) in both Web2 and Endeca catalogs using them using keyword searching in the Endeca catalog as 3344 duration, and punitive nature of copyright laws; the ability of Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems to Entertainment and information companies have understood for some time that they must adapt to the digital owners the following rights (especially notable is the addition of control over derivative works, such as a play based access to copyrighted works (a process called "circumvention") face a maximum of five years in prison and books and magazines, produces films and television programs, provides Internet access and digital content, and copyrighted digital work beyond the degree to which the DRM systems can work in other ways as well (e.g., digital watermarks can be used to track illegal use of images of keeping the Internet open to all lawful content, information, applications, and equipment. to create new digital works, and their widespread use both Similar issues arise when faculty want to place self-created digital works that incorporate copyrighted materials in 3345 Visual search interfaces have been shown by researchers While research and development of visual search interfaces began well before and Chen, visual interfaces can help users better understand search results and the interrelation of documents within the result set, and refine their search.7 In their discussion of the function of "overviews" in visual interfaces, Several library database vendors are implementing visual interfaces to navigate and display search CentralSearch, uses technology from Vivisimo that "organizes search results into titled folders to build a clear, XReferPlus maps search results to topics by making visual Search, the students were asked to limit their results set to groups would later also say that they liked the Visual Search One hypothesis of this study was that within the context of library research databases, visual searching would the Visual Search results, choosing subtopics would not Visual Interfaces for Presentation of Web Search Results: An 3346 An alternative to exposing library content to harvesting search engines as HTML pages is to provide a local functionality it must provide in its local search engine so functionality it must provide in its local search engine so that the metasearch engine can, in turn, provide acceptable functionality to its users. engines will be able to access the library''s content. 3. How to send the query to the local search engine OpenSearch was initially developed for the A9 metasearch engine. developers, content providers, and users.5 MXG uses SRU will make it easier for some local search-engine providers The four protocols expose a site''s searching functionality and return responses in a standard format. local search engine is provided by a means outside the that all the SRU local search engines have to support the Again, the effort moves from the content provider to the metasearch engine. them with the records from another local search engine. 3347 Using bibliographic display formats from Web catalogs, the present study utilizes on a list compiled by Chan to evaluate displays of bibliographic records in online library catalogs.13 The set of Scoring the displays on screen design guidelines The correlations between response times and guidelines-conformance scores are presented in table 1. time and conformity to guidelines indicates a low correlation between user performance (speed) and conformity to The correlations between response times and guidelines-conformance Correlations between scores on the checklist of screen design guidelines and time to negative correlation between user performance and conformity to interface design guidelines. design guidelines and time to complete set of five search tasks design guidelines and time to complete "Title" search tasks Research–based Web Design and Usability Guidelines and time to complete search tasks: Pearson Usability Guidelines conformance score and total time to complete five search tasks Guidelines for the Design of Screen Layouts," Displays 21, no. 3348 Where main library pages already existed for information to be included in the LIS Web site, such as LIS hours and staff, links to those pages were made instead of re-creating the information in the LIS Web site. the design process first through a heuristic evaluation, followed by usability testing with a redesign of the product Web-site usability studies often do not include the additional heuristic evaluation recommended by Nielsen.6 preference for the design of the LIS library Web site over the The third task asked subjects to find a library association that required using the Other Web Sites page. the Web pages of the main library back to the LIS site. USER-CENTERED DESIGN OF A WEB SITE | MANZARI AND TRINIDAD-CHRISTENSEN 169 USER-CENTERED DESIGN OF A WEB SITE | MANZARI AND TRINIDAD-CHRISTENSEN 169 USER-CENTERED DESIGN OF A WEB SITE | MANZARI AND TRINIDAD-CHRISTENSEN 169 USER-CENTERED DESIGN OF A WEB SITE | MANZARI AND TRINIDAD-CHRISTENSEN 169 3349 significantly improving the overall usefulness of Web sites is a content management Center (ELRC), a small, virtual library, (ELRC), a virtual library, recently Simply defined, a CMS is comprised of a database, server pages Apache; and an editing tool to manage Web content.7 These resources library, virtual or physical, to determine the type of resources needed site can be made on the Web, allowing content to be edited remotely and Web pages for ELRC within a table library Web sites, which involves site www.ncu.edu/elrc (accessed Dec. 2, a College Library Web Site," Information Xiaodong Li and John Paul Fullerton, "Create, Edit, and Manage Web Database Content Using Active Server Pages," Library ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 175CONTENT MANAGEMENT FOR THE VIRTUAL LIBRARY | SALAZAR 175 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 175CONTENT MANAGEMENT FOR THE VIRTUAL LIBRARY | SALAZAR 175 ARTICLE TITLE | AUTHOR 175CONTENT MANAGEMENT FOR THE VIRTUAL LIBRARY | SALAZAR 175 3350 LITA will sponsor in the ALA Emerging Leaders Program. the Board asked was what does it mean to be an emerging leader? influential leadership: servant, visionary, expert, and catalytic. I see all four types of influential leaders within LITA The most obvious place we see visionary leaders in LITA is at our Top LITA members are often cuttingedge, applying new technologies to solve problems or to programs are filled with expert leaders who share their The LITA Board works with other LITA leadership to ensure that our goals are ALA Emerging Leaders Program is to ensure that our become a superb leader both within LITA and within the The LITA Board has elected to have our leader regarding what new members are seeking out of but not limited to, the ALA Emerging Leaders Program, is to grow our new members into future LITA leaders. new communication technologies to reach out to its members. 3351 organization adds a new committee or decides to split into (ELUNA) group reorganized. Information Technologies and Libraries (ITAL) editorial. committees were abolished and a new structure, the interest group, was created with the hope of significant benefits as ten LITA members and were empowered to plan and Twenty years later, the LITA organization and, specifically, the LITA Interest Groups (IGs) continue to provide structure with a steering committee and ad hoc groups to work on annual software enhancements, focus groups, The new Ex Libris users'' organization, ELUNA, is composed of the steering committee, product groups (PGs), and interest groups (IGs). believe that this structure was an offspring of the LITA IGs. to leave this work to the PGs. Currently, IGs are organized around such areas as 180 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | DECEMBER 2006 The ELUNA structures of steering committee, PGs, and IGs LITA began twenty-five years ago with an open organization. 3352 Descriptive metadata provide enabling infrastructure, but usually require mappings between different vocabularies and a search-term and demonstration of a gateway providing search support for both text and socioeconomic numeric databases. data cell, use it as a query in a text search engine Well-edited, high-quality databases typically have topical metadata expertly assigned from a vocabulary (thesaurus, classification, subject-heading system, or set of To demonstrate the searching capability from a bibliographic record to numeric-data sets, the first step is to 1. A search interface for accessing bibliographic/textual resources through a word-to-LCSH EVI. Searches of text files and of socioeconomic numeric data SEARCH ACROSS DIFFERENT MEDIA | BUCKLAND, CHEN, GEY, AND LARSON 189 SEARCH ACROSS DIFFERENT MEDIA | BUCKLAND, CHEN, GEY, AND LARSON 189 SEARCH ACROSS DIFFERENT MEDIA | BUCKLAND, CHEN, GEY, AND LARSON 189 SEARCH ACROSS DIFFERENT MEDIA | BUCKLAND, CHEN, GEY, AND LARSON 189 SEARCH ACROSS DIFFERENT MEDIA | BUCKLAND, CHEN, GEY, AND LARSON 189 3353 Data Fountains is an Internet resource discovery, metadata-generation, and selected, full-text harvesting service materials (i.e., metadata and rich full text representing important resources), the Data Fountains service is Because little to no metadata/rich-text generation/extraction occurs, this is the least complex of the usage models. sources such as expert virtual library collections that provide out-links to other, authoritative resources). machine-assistance-based collection-building services, for developing and distributing the free, opensource software tools supporting these services. collection building; crawling, extraction, and classification tools; more streamlined types of metadata; applying library standard controlled subject vocabularies/schema, including hybrid and ensemble classification; and publishing date); improvements in rich-text identification and harvesting; article/report collection level cocitation and subject gisting functionality; and generally be in the area of applying controlled, library standard subject vocabularies (e.g., LCSH, LCC, and DDC). to meet new user needs in information access, collection building, and metadata creation, now may even be 3354 Academic Web site design continues to evolve as colleges Minnesota, April 2005, this paper explores the prevalence of university-wide academic templates on library Academic templates give the Web site administrator the ability to change the template and update all pages For example, the Web site administrator may give editing rights to content editors, such as librarians, to edit only university''s Web site.2 Thus, the design of the library page How common are academic templates in library Web ■ Does the college or university Web site use an academic template? content and uses of the library Web site. different parts of a library Web site are designed and Occurrence of templates in academic and library Web sites ACADEMIC WEB SITE DESIGN AND ACADEMIC TEMPLATES | PETERSON 221 ACADEMIC WEB SITE DESIGN AND ACADEMIC TEMPLATES | PETERSON 221 ACADEMIC WEB SITE DESIGN AND ACADEMIC TEMPLATES | PETERSON 221 3355 Social engineering is the use of nontechnical means to gain unauthorized hackers, social engineering is a nontechnical hack. Social engineering is a method of gaining information through the persuasion of human sources, based on the Library Information, Security, the social engineer can gather whatever information is required. Appreciative of the assistance, the victim provides the necessary information to the helpful caller or carries out such as help-desk personnel, technicians, and library staff members. this scenario, a social engineer contacts a victim and claims to have either To allay suspicion, a social engineer needs to know and be able to social engineers use research as a tool. Background research is the process by which a social engineer uses Libraries are vulnerable to social-engineering attacks for two major reasons: libraries from social engineering. With care and good information policies, we can prevent social engineering from working. about the library''s information policy Social Engineering," Security Management