id sid tid token lemma pos 3262 1 1 aRtiCLE aRtiCLE NFP 3262 1 2 titLE title CD 3262 1 3 | | NNP 3262 1 4 autHoR autHoR NNP 3262 1 5 41ContEnt 41ContEnt NNP 3262 1 6 - - HYPH 3262 1 7 BasED BasED NNP 3262 1 8 inFoRmation information NN 3262 1 9 REtRiEvaL REtRiEvaL NNP 3262 1 10 anD and CC 3262 1 11 DiGitaL DiGitaL NNP 3262 1 12 LiBRaRiEs LiBRaRiEs NNP 3262 1 13 | | NNP 3262 1 14 Wan Wan NNP 3262 1 15 anD and CC 3262 1 16 Liu Liu NNP 3262 1 17 41 41 CD 3262 1 18 Content content NN 3262 1 19 - - HYPH 3262 1 20 Based Based NNP 3262 1 21 Information Information NNP 3262 1 22 Retrieval Retrieval NNP 3262 1 23 and and CC 3262 1 24 Digital Digital NNP 3262 1 25 Libraries Libraries NNPS 3262 1 26 This this DT 3262 1 27 paper paper NN 3262 1 28 discusses discuss VBZ 3262 1 29 the the DT 3262 1 30 applications application NNS 3262 1 31 and and CC 3262 1 32 importance importance NN 3262 1 33 of of IN 3262 1 34 content content NN 3262 1 35 - - HYPH 3262 1 36 based base VBN 3262 1 37 information information NN 3262 1 38 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 1 39 technology technology NN 3262 1 40 in in IN 3262 1 41 digital digital JJ 3262 1 42 libraries library NNS 3262 1 43 . . . 3262 2 1 It -PRON- PRP 3262 2 2 generalizes generalize VBZ 3262 2 3 the the DT 3262 2 4 process process NN 3262 2 5 and and CC 3262 2 6 ana- ana- NNP 3262 2 7 lyzes lyze VBZ 3262 2 8 current current JJ 3262 2 9 examples example NNS 3262 2 10 in in IN 3262 2 11 four four CD 3262 2 12 areas area NNS 3262 2 13 of of IN 3262 2 14 the the DT 3262 2 15 technology technology NN 3262 2 16 . . . 3262 3 1 Content content NN 3262 3 2 - - HYPH 3262 3 3 based base VBN 3262 3 4 information information NN 3262 3 5 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 3 6 has have VBZ 3262 3 7 been be VBN 3262 3 8 shown show VBN 3262 3 9 to to TO 3262 3 10 be be VB 3262 3 11 an an DT 3262 3 12 effective effective JJ 3262 3 13 way way NN 3262 3 14 to to TO 3262 3 15 search search VB 3262 3 16 for for IN 3262 3 17 the the DT 3262 3 18 type type NN 3262 3 19 of of IN 3262 3 20 multime- multime- NNP 3262 3 21 dia dia NN 3262 3 22 documents document NNS 3262 3 23 that that WDT 3262 3 24 are be VBP 3262 3 25 increasingly increasingly RB 3262 3 26 stored store VBN 3262 3 27 in in IN 3262 3 28 digital digital JJ 3262 3 29 libraries library NNS 3262 3 30 . . . 3262 4 1 As as IN 3262 4 2 a a DT 3262 4 3 good good JJ 3262 4 4 complement complement NN 3262 4 5 to to IN 3262 4 6 traditional traditional JJ 3262 4 7 text- text- NN 3262 4 8 based base VBN 3262 4 9 information information NN 3262 4 10 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 4 11 technology technology NN 3262 4 12 , , , 3262 4 13 content content NN 3262 4 14 - - HYPH 3262 4 15 based base VBN 3262 4 16 information information NN 3262 4 17 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 4 18 will will MD 3262 4 19 be be VB 3262 4 20 a a DT 3262 4 21 significant significant JJ 3262 4 22 trend trend NN 3262 4 23 for for IN 3262 4 24 the the DT 3262 4 25 development development NN 3262 4 26 of of IN 3262 4 27 digital digital JJ 3262 4 28 libraries library NNS 3262 4 29 . . . 3262 5 1 W w NN 3262 5 2 ith ith NN 3262 5 3 several several JJ 3262 5 4 decades decade NNS 3262 5 5 of of IN 3262 5 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 3262 5 7 development development NN 3262 5 8 , , , 3262 5 9 digital digital JJ 3262 5 10 libraries library NNS 3262 5 11 are be VBP 3262 5 12 no no RB 3262 5 13 longer long RBR 3262 5 14 a a DT 3262 5 15 myth myth NN 3262 5 16 . . . 3262 6 1 In in IN 3262 6 2 fact fact NN 3262 6 3 , , , 3262 6 4 some some DT 3262 6 5 gen- gen- NN 3262 6 6 eral eral JJ 3262 6 7 digital digital JJ 3262 6 8 libraries library NNS 3262 6 9 such such JJ 3262 6 10 as as IN 3262 6 11 the the DT 3262 6 12 National National NNP 3262 6 13 Science Science NNP 3262 6 14 Digital Digital NNP 3262 6 15 Library Library NNP 3262 6 16 ( ( -LRB- 3262 6 17 NSDL NSDL NNP 3262 6 18 ) ) -RRB- 3262 6 19 and and CC 3262 6 20 the the DT 3262 6 21 Internet Internet NNP 3262 6 22 Public Public NNP 3262 6 23 Library Library NNP 3262 6 24 are be VBP 3262 6 25 widely widely RB 3262 6 26 known know VBN 3262 6 27 and and CC 3262 6 28 used use VBN 3262 6 29 . . . 3262 7 1 The the DT 3262 7 2 advance advance NN 3262 7 3 of of IN 3262 7 4 computer computer NN 3262 7 5 technology technology NN 3262 7 6 makes make VBZ 3262 7 7 it -PRON- PRP 3262 7 8 possible possible JJ 3262 7 9 to to TO 3262 7 10 include include VB 3262 7 11 a a DT 3262 7 12 colossal colossal JJ 3262 7 13 amount amount NN 3262 7 14 of of IN 3262 7 15 information information NN 3262 7 16 in in IN 3262 7 17 various various JJ 3262 7 18 formats format NNS 3262 7 19 in in IN 3262 7 20 a a DT 3262 7 21 digital digital JJ 3262 7 22 library library NN 3262 7 23 . . . 3262 8 1 In in IN 3262 8 2 addition addition NN 3262 8 3 to to IN 3262 8 4 traditional traditional JJ 3262 8 5 text text NN 3262 8 6 - - HYPH 3262 8 7 based base VBN 3262 8 8 documents document NNS 3262 8 9 such such JJ 3262 8 10 as as IN 3262 8 11 books book NNS 3262 8 12 and and CC 3262 8 13 articles article NNS 3262 8 14 , , , 3262 8 15 other other JJ 3262 8 16 types type NNS 3262 8 17 of of IN 3262 8 18 materials material NNS 3262 8 19 — — : 3262 8 20 including include VBG 3262 8 21 images image NNS 3262 8 22 , , , 3262 8 23 audio audio NN 3262 8 24 , , , 3262 8 25 and and CC 3262 8 26 video video NN 3262 8 27 — — : 3262 8 28 can can MD 3262 8 29 also also RB 3262 8 30 be be VB 3262 8 31 easily easily RB 3262 8 32 digitized digitize VBN 3262 8 33 and and CC 3262 8 34 stored stored JJ 3262 8 35 . . . 3262 9 1 Therefore therefore RB 3262 9 2 , , , 3262 9 3 how how WRB 3262 9 4 to to TO 3262 9 5 retrieve retrieve VB 3262 9 6 and and CC 3262 9 7 present present VB 3262 9 8 this this DT 3262 9 9 multimedia multimedia NNS 3262 9 10 information information NN 3262 9 11 effectively effectively RB 3262 9 12 through through IN 3262 9 13 the the DT 3262 9 14 interface interface NN 3262 9 15 of of IN 3262 9 16 a a DT 3262 9 17 digital digital JJ 3262 9 18 library library NN 3262 9 19 becomes become VBZ 3262 9 20 a a DT 3262 9 21 significant significant JJ 3262 9 22 research research NN 3262 9 23 topic topic NN 3262 9 24 . . . 3262 10 1 Currently currently RB 3262 10 2 , , , 3262 10 3 there there EX 3262 10 4 are be VBP 3262 10 5 three three CD 3262 10 6 methods method NNS 3262 10 7 of of IN 3262 10 8 retrieving retrieve VBG 3262 10 9 infor- infor- XX 3262 10 10 mation mation NN 3262 10 11 in in IN 3262 10 12 a a DT 3262 10 13 digital digital JJ 3262 10 14 library library NN 3262 10 15 . . . 3262 11 1 The the DT 3262 11 2 first first JJ 3262 11 3 and and CC 3262 11 4 the the DT 3262 11 5 easiest easy JJS 3262 11 6 way way NN 3262 11 7 is be VBZ 3262 11 8 free free JJ 3262 11 9 browsing browsing NN 3262 11 10 . . . 3262 12 1 By by IN 3262 12 2 this this DT 3262 12 3 means mean VBZ 3262 12 4 , , , 3262 12 5 a a DT 3262 12 6 user user NN 3262 12 7 browses browse NNS 3262 12 8 through through IN 3262 12 9 a a DT 3262 12 10 collection collection NN 3262 12 11 and and CC 3262 12 12 looks look VBZ 3262 12 13 for for IN 3262 12 14 desired desire VBN 3262 12 15 information information NN 3262 12 16 . . . 3262 13 1 The the DT 3262 13 2 second second JJ 3262 13 3 method method NN 3262 13 4 — — : 3262 13 5 the the DT 3262 13 6 most most RBS 3262 13 7 popular popular JJ 3262 13 8 technique technique NN 3262 13 9 used use VBN 3262 13 10 today today NN 3262 13 11 — — : 3262 13 12 is be VBZ 3262 13 13 text- text- XX 3262 13 14 based base VBN 3262 13 15 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 13 16 . . . 3262 14 1 Through through IN 3262 14 2 this this DT 3262 14 3 method method NN 3262 14 4 , , , 3262 14 5 textual textual JJ 3262 14 6 information information NN 3262 14 7 ( ( -LRB- 3262 14 8 full full JJ 3262 14 9 text text NN 3262 14 10 of of IN 3262 14 11 text text NN 3262 14 12 - - HYPH 3262 14 13 based base VBN 3262 14 14 documents document NNS 3262 14 15 and/or and/or CC 3262 14 16 metadata metadata NN 3262 14 17 of of IN 3262 14 18 multimedia multimedia NNS 3262 14 19 documents document NNS 3262 14 20 ) ) -RRB- 3262 14 21 is be VBZ 3262 14 22 indexed index VBN 3262 14 23 so so IN 3262 14 24 that that IN 3262 14 25 a a DT 3262 14 26 user user NN 3262 14 27 can can MD 3262 14 28 search search VB 3262 14 29 the the DT 3262 14 30 digital digital JJ 3262 14 31 library library NN 3262 14 32 by by IN 3262 14 33 using use VBG 3262 14 34 keywords keyword NNS 3262 14 35 or or CC 3262 14 36 controlled control VBN 3262 14 37 terms term NNS 3262 14 38 . . . 3262 15 1 The the DT 3262 15 2 third third JJ 3262 15 3 method method NN 3262 15 4 is be VBZ 3262 15 5 content content NN 3262 15 6 - - HYPH 3262 15 7 based base VBN 3262 15 8 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 15 9 , , , 3262 15 10 which which WDT 3262 15 11 enables enable VBZ 3262 15 12 a a DT 3262 15 13 user user NN 3262 15 14 to to TO 3262 15 15 search search VB 3262 15 16 multimedia multimedia NNS 3262 15 17 information information NN 3262 15 18 in in IN 3262 15 19 terms term NNS 3262 15 20 of of IN 3262 15 21 the the DT 3262 15 22 actual actual JJ 3262 15 23 content content NN 3262 15 24 of of IN 3262 15 25 image image NN 3262 15 26 , , , 3262 15 27 audio audio NN 3262 15 28 , , , 3262 15 29 or or CC 3262 15 30 video video NN 3262 15 31 ( ( -LRB- 3262 15 32 Marques Marques NNP 3262 15 33 and and CC 3262 15 34 Furht Furht NNP 3262 15 35 2002 2002 CD 3262 15 36 ) ) -RRB- 3262 15 37 . . . 3262 16 1 Some some DT 3262 16 2 content content NN 3262 16 3 features feature NNS 3262 16 4 that that WDT 3262 16 5 have have VBP 3262 16 6 been be VBN 3262 16 7 studied study VBN 3262 16 8 so so RB 3262 16 9 far far RB 3262 16 10 include include VBP 3262 16 11 color color NN 3262 16 12 , , , 3262 16 13 texture texture NN 3262 16 14 , , , 3262 16 15 size size NN 3262 16 16 , , , 3262 16 17 shape shape NN 3262 16 18 , , , 3262 16 19 motion motion NN 3262 16 20 , , , 3262 16 21 and and CC 3262 16 22 pitch pitch NN 3262 16 23 . . . 3262 17 1 While while IN 3262 17 2 some some DT 3262 17 3 may may MD 3262 17 4 argue argue VB 3262 17 5 that that IN 3262 17 6 text text NN 3262 17 7 - - HYPH 3262 17 8 based base VBN 3262 17 9 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 17 10 tech- tech- NN 3262 17 11 niques nique NNS 3262 17 12 are be VBP 3262 17 13 good good JJ 3262 17 14 enough enough RB 3262 17 15 to to TO 3262 17 16 locate locate VB 3262 17 17 desired desire VBN 3262 17 18 multimedia multimedia NNS 3262 17 19 information information NN 3262 17 20 , , , 3262 17 21 as as RB 3262 17 22 long long RB 3262 17 23 as as IN 3262 17 24 it -PRON- PRP 3262 17 25 is be VBZ 3262 17 26 assigned assign VBN 3262 17 27 proper proper JJ 3262 17 28 metadata metadata NN 3262 17 29 or or CC 3262 17 30 tags tag NNS 3262 17 31 , , , 3262 17 32 words word NNS 3262 17 33 are be VBP 3262 17 34 not not RB 3262 17 35 sufficient sufficient JJ 3262 17 36 to to TO 3262 17 37 describe describe VB 3262 17 38 what what WP 3262 17 39 is be VBZ 3262 17 40 some- some- NN 3262 17 41 times time NNS 3262 17 42 in in IN 3262 17 43 a a DT 3262 17 44 human human NN 3262 17 45 ’s ’s POS 3262 17 46 mind mind NN 3262 17 47 . . . 3262 18 1 Imagine imagine VB 3262 18 2 a a DT 3262 18 3 few few JJ 3262 18 4 examples example NNS 3262 18 5 : : : 3262 18 6 A a DT 3262 18 7 patron patron NN 3262 18 8 comes come VBZ 3262 18 9 to to IN 3262 18 10 a a DT 3262 18 11 public public JJ 3262 18 12 library library NN 3262 18 13 with with IN 3262 18 14 a a DT 3262 18 15 picture picture NN 3262 18 16 of of IN 3262 18 17 a a DT 3262 18 18 rare rare JJ 3262 18 19 insect insect NN 3262 18 20 . . . 3262 19 1 Without without IN 3262 19 2 expertise expertise NN 3262 19 3 in in IN 3262 19 4 entomology entomology NN 3262 19 5 , , , 3262 19 6 the the DT 3262 19 7 librarian librarian NN 3262 19 8 wo will MD 3262 19 9 n’t not RB 3262 19 10 know know VB 3262 19 11 where where WRB 3262 19 12 to to TO 3262 19 13 start start VB 3262 19 14 if if IN 3262 19 15 only only RB 3262 19 16 a a DT 3262 19 17 text text NN 3262 19 18 - - HYPH 3262 19 19 based base VBN 3262 19 20 informa- informa- JJ 3262 19 21 tion tion NN 3262 19 22 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 19 23 system system NN 3262 19 24 is be VBZ 3262 19 25 available available JJ 3262 19 26 . . . 3262 20 1 However however RB 3262 20 2 , , , 3262 20 3 with with IN 3262 20 4 the the DT 3262 20 5 help help NN 3262 20 6 of of IN 3262 20 7 content content NN 3262 20 8 - - HYPH 3262 20 9 based base VBN 3262 20 10 image image NN 3262 20 11 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 20 12 , , , 3262 20 13 the the DT 3262 20 14 librarian librarian NN 3262 20 15 can can MD 3262 20 16 upload upload VB 3262 20 17 the the DT 3262 20 18 digitized digitize VBN 3262 20 19 image image NN 3262 20 20 of of IN 3262 20 21 the the DT 3262 20 22 insect insect NN 3262 20 23 to to IN 3262 20 24 an an DT 3262 20 25 online online JJ 3262 20 26 digital digital JJ 3262 20 27 image image NN 3262 20 28 library library NN 3262 20 29 of of IN 3262 20 30 insects insect NNS 3262 20 31 , , , 3262 20 32 and and CC 3262 20 33 the the DT 3262 20 34 system system NN 3262 20 35 will will MD 3262 20 36 retrieve retrieve VB 3262 20 37 similar similar JJ 3262 20 38 images image NNS 3262 20 39 with with IN 3262 20 40 detailed detailed JJ 3262 20 41 description description NN 3262 20 42 of of IN 3262 20 43 this this DT 3262 20 44 insect insect NN 3262 20 45 . . . 3262 21 1 Similarly similarly RB 3262 21 2 , , , 3262 21 3 a a DT 3262 21 4 patron patron NN 3262 21 5 has have VBZ 3262 21 6 a a DT 3262 21 7 segment segment NN 3262 21 8 of of IN 3262 21 9 music music NN 3262 21 10 audio audio NN 3262 21 11 , , , 3262 21 12 about about IN 3262 21 13 which which WDT 3262 21 14 he -PRON- PRP 3262 21 15 or or CC 3262 21 16 she -PRON- PRP 3262 21 17 knows know VBZ 3262 21 18 nothing nothing NN 3262 21 19 but but IN 3262 21 20 wants want VBZ 3262 21 21 to to TO 3262 21 22 find find VB 3262 21 23 out out RP 3262 21 24 more more JJR 3262 21 25 . . . 3262 22 1 By by IN 3262 22 2 using use VBG 3262 22 3 the the DT 3262 22 4 content content NN 3262 22 5 - - HYPH 3262 22 6 based base VBN 3262 22 7 audio audio JJ 3262 22 8 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 22 9 system system NN 3262 22 10 , , , 3262 22 11 the the DT 3262 22 12 patron patron NN 3262 22 13 can can MD 3262 22 14 get get VB 3262 22 15 similar similar JJ 3262 22 16 audio audio JJ 3262 22 17 clips clip NNS 3262 22 18 with with IN 3262 22 19 detailed detailed JJ 3262 22 20 information information NN 3262 22 21 from from IN 3262 22 22 a a DT 3262 22 23 digital digital JJ 3262 22 24 music music NN 3262 22 25 library library NN 3262 22 26 , , , 3262 22 27 and and CC 3262 22 28 then then RB 3262 22 29 listen listen VB 3262 22 30 to to IN 3262 22 31 them -PRON- PRP 3262 22 32 to to TO 3262 22 33 find find VB 3262 22 34 an an DT 3262 22 35 exact exact JJ 3262 22 36 match match NN 3262 22 37 . . . 3262 23 1 This this DT 3262 23 2 procedure procedure NN 3262 23 3 will will MD 3262 23 4 be be VB 3262 23 5 much much RB 3262 23 6 easier easy JJR 3262 23 7 than than IN 3262 23 8 doing do VBG 3262 23 9 a a DT 3262 23 10 search search NN 3262 23 11 on on IN 3262 23 12 a a DT 3262 23 13 text text NN 3262 23 14 - - HYPH 3262 23 15 based base VBN 3262 23 16 music music NN 3262 23 17 search search NN 3262 23 18 system system NN 3262 23 19 . . . 3262 24 1 It -PRON- PRP 3262 24 2 is be VBZ 3262 24 3 definitely definitely RB 3262 24 4 helpful helpful JJ 3262 24 5 if if IN 3262 24 6 a a DT 3262 24 7 user user NN 3262 24 8 can can MD 3262 24 9 search search VB 3262 24 10 this this DT 3262 24 11 non non JJ 3262 24 12 - - JJ 3262 24 13 textual textual JJ 3262 24 14 information information NN 3262 24 15 by by IN 3262 24 16 styles style NNS 3262 24 17 and and CC 3262 24 18 features feature NNS 3262 24 19 . . . 3262 25 1 In in IN 3262 25 2 addition addition NN 3262 25 3 , , , 3262 25 4 the the DT 3262 25 5 advance advance NN 3262 25 6 of of IN 3262 25 7 the the DT 3262 25 8 World World NNP 3262 25 9 Wide Wide NNP 3262 25 10 Web Web NNP 3262 25 11 brings bring VBZ 3262 25 12 some some DT 3262 25 13 new new JJ 3262 25 14 challenges challenge NNS 3262 25 15 to to IN 3262 25 16 traditional traditional JJ 3262 25 17 text text NN 3262 25 18 - - HYPH 3262 25 19 based base VBN 3262 25 20 information information NN 3262 25 21 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 25 22 . . . 3262 26 1 While while IN 3262 26 2 today today NN 3262 26 3 ’s ’s POS 3262 26 4 Web web NN 3262 26 5 - - HYPH 3262 26 6 based base VBN 3262 26 7 digital digital JJ 3262 26 8 libraries library NNS 3262 26 9 can can MD 3262 26 10 be be VB 3262 26 11 accessed access VBN 3262 26 12 around around IN 3262 26 13 the the DT 3262 26 14 world world NN 3262 26 15 , , , 3262 26 16 users user NNS 3262 26 17 with with IN 3262 26 18 different different JJ 3262 26 19 language language NN 3262 26 20 and and CC 3262 26 21 cultural cultural JJ 3262 26 22 backgrounds background NNS 3262 26 23 may may MD 3262 26 24 not not RB 3262 26 25 be be VB 3262 26 26 able able JJ 3262 26 27 to to TO 3262 26 28 do do VB 3262 26 29 effective effective JJ 3262 26 30 keyword keyword NN 3262 26 31 searches search NNS 3262 26 32 of of IN 3262 26 33 these these DT 3262 26 34 librar- librar- XX 3262 26 35 ies ie NNS 3262 26 36 . . . 3262 27 1 Content content NN 3262 27 2 - - HYPH 3262 27 3 based base VBN 3262 27 4 information information NN 3262 27 5 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 27 6 techniques technique NNS 3262 27 7 will will MD 3262 27 8 increase increase VB 3262 27 9 the the DT 3262 27 10 accessibility accessibility NN 3262 27 11 of of IN 3262 27 12 these these DT 3262 27 13 digital digital JJ 3262 27 14 libraries library NNS 3262 27 15 greatly greatly RB 3262 27 16 , , , 3262 27 17 and and CC 3262 27 18 this this DT 3262 27 19 is be VBZ 3262 27 20 probably probably RB 3262 27 21 a a DT 3262 27 22 major major JJ 3262 27 23 reason reason NN 3262 27 24 it -PRON- PRP 3262 27 25 has have VBZ 3262 27 26 become become VBN 3262 27 27 a a DT 3262 27 28 hot hot JJ 3262 27 29 research research NN 3262 27 30 area area NN 3262 27 31 in in IN 3262 27 32 the the DT 3262 27 33 past past JJ 3262 27 34 decade decade NN 3262 27 35 . . . 3262 28 1 Ideally ideally RB 3262 28 2 , , , 3262 28 3 a a DT 3262 28 4 content content NN 3262 28 5 - - HYPH 3262 28 6 based base VBN 3262 28 7 information information NN 3262 28 8 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 28 9 system system NN 3262 28 10 can can MD 3262 28 11 understand understand VB 3262 28 12 the the DT 3262 28 13 multi- multi- NNP 3262 28 14 media media NNP 3262 28 15 data data NNP 3262 28 16 semantically semantically RB 3262 28 17 , , , 3262 28 18 such such JJ 3262 28 19 as as IN 3262 28 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 3262 28 21 objects object NNS 3262 28 22 and and CC 3262 28 23 categories category NNS 3262 28 24 to to TO 3262 28 25 which which WDT 3262 28 26 it -PRON- PRP 3262 28 27 belongs belong VBZ 3262 28 28 . . . 3262 29 1 Therefore therefore RB 3262 29 2 , , , 3262 29 3 a a DT 3262 29 4 user user NN 3262 29 5 is be VBZ 3262 29 6 able able JJ 3262 29 7 to to TO 3262 29 8 submit submit VB 3262 29 9 semantic semantic JJ 3262 29 10 queries query NNS 3262 29 11 and and CC 3262 29 12 retrieve retrieve VB 3262 29 13 matched match VBN 3262 29 14 results result NNS 3262 29 15 . . . 3262 30 1 However however RB 3262 30 2 , , , 3262 30 3 a a DT 3262 30 4 great great JJ 3262 30 5 difficulty difficulty NN 3262 30 6 in in IN 3262 30 7 the the DT 3262 30 8 current current JJ 3262 30 9 computer computer NN 3262 30 10 technology technology NN 3262 30 11 is be VBZ 3262 30 12 to to TO 3262 30 13 extract extract VB 3262 30 14 high high JJ 3262 30 15 - - HYPH 3262 30 16 level level NN 3262 30 17 or or CC 3262 30 18 semantic semantic JJ 3262 30 19 features feature NNS 3262 30 20 of of IN 3262 30 21 multimedia multimedia NNS 3262 30 22 information information NN 3262 30 23 . . . 3262 31 1 Most Most JJS 3262 31 2 projects project NNS 3262 31 3 still still RB 3262 31 4 focus focus VBP 3262 31 5 on on IN 3262 31 6 lower low JJR 3262 31 7 - - HYPH 3262 31 8 level level NN 3262 31 9 fea- fea- NNS 3262 31 10 tures ture NNS 3262 31 11 , , , 3262 31 12 such such JJ 3262 31 13 as as IN 3262 31 14 color color NN 3262 31 15 , , , 3262 31 16 texture texture NN 3262 31 17 , , , 3262 31 18 and and CC 3262 31 19 shape shape NN 3262 31 20 . . . 3262 32 1 Simply simply RB 3262 32 2 put put VBN 3262 32 3 , , , 3262 32 4 a a DT 3262 32 5 typical typical JJ 3262 32 6 content content NN 3262 32 7 - - HYPH 3262 32 8 based base VBN 3262 32 9 information information NN 3262 32 10 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 32 11 system system NN 3262 32 12 works work VBZ 3262 32 13 in in IN 3262 32 14 this this DT 3262 32 15 way way NN 3262 32 16 : : : 3262 32 17 First first RB 3262 32 18 , , , 3262 32 19 for for IN 3262 32 20 each each DT 3262 32 21 mul- mul- NNP 3262 32 22 timedia timedia NNP 3262 32 23 file file NN 3262 32 24 in in IN 3262 32 25 the the DT 3262 32 26 database database NN 3262 32 27 , , , 3262 32 28 certain certain JJ 3262 32 29 feature feature NN 3262 32 30 information information NN 3262 32 31 ( ( -LRB- 3262 32 32 e.g. e.g. RB 3262 32 33 , , , 3262 32 34 color color NN 3262 32 35 , , , 3262 32 36 motion motion NN 3262 32 37 , , , 3262 32 38 or or CC 3262 32 39 pitch pitch NN 3262 32 40 ) ) -RRB- 3262 32 41 is be VBZ 3262 32 42 extracted extract VBN 3262 32 43 , , , 3262 32 44 indexed indexed JJ 3262 32 45 , , , 3262 32 46 and and CC 3262 32 47 stored store VBD 3262 32 48 . . . 3262 33 1 Second second JJ 3262 33 2 , , , 3262 33 3 when when WRB 3262 33 4 a a DT 3262 33 5 user user NN 3262 33 6 composes compose VBZ 3262 33 7 a a DT 3262 33 8 query query NN 3262 33 9 , , , 3262 33 10 the the DT 3262 33 11 feature feature NN 3262 33 12 information information NN 3262 33 13 of of IN 3262 33 14 the the DT 3262 33 15 query query NN 3262 33 16 is be VBZ 3262 33 17 calculated calculate VBN 3262 33 18 as as IN 3262 33 19 vectors vector NNS 3262 33 20 . . . 3262 34 1 Finally finally RB 3262 34 2 , , , 3262 34 3 the the DT 3262 34 4 system system NN 3262 34 5 compares compare VBZ 3262 34 6 the the DT 3262 34 7 similarity similarity NN 3262 34 8 between between IN 3262 34 9 the the DT 3262 34 10 feature feature NN 3262 34 11 vectors vector NNS 3262 34 12 of of IN 3262 34 13 the the DT 3262 34 14 query query NNP 3262 34 15 and and CC 3262 34 16 multimedia multimedia NNP 3262 34 17 data datum NNS 3262 34 18 , , , 3262 34 19 and and CC 3262 34 20 retrieves retrieve VBZ 3262 34 21 the the DT 3262 34 22 best good JJS 3262 34 23 matching matching NN 3262 34 24 records record NNS 3262 34 25 . . . 3262 35 1 If if IN 3262 35 2 the the DT 3262 35 3 user user NN 3262 35 4 is be VBZ 3262 35 5 not not RB 3262 35 6 satisfied satisfied JJ 3262 35 7 with with IN 3262 35 8 the the DT 3262 35 9 retrieved retrieved JJ 3262 35 10 records record NNS 3262 35 11 , , , 3262 35 12 he -PRON- PRP 3262 35 13 or or CC 3262 35 14 she -PRON- PRP 3262 35 15 can can MD 3262 35 16 refine refine VB 3262 35 17 the the DT 3262 35 18 search search NN 3262 35 19 results result NNS 3262 35 20 by by IN 3262 35 21 selecting select VBG 3262 35 22 the the DT 3262 35 23 most most RBS 3262 35 24 relevant relevant JJ 3262 35 25 ones one NNS 3262 35 26 to to IN 3262 35 27 the the DT 3262 35 28 search search NN 3262 35 29 query query NN 3262 35 30 , , , 3262 35 31 and and CC 3262 35 32 repeat repeat VB 3262 35 33 the the DT 3262 35 34 search search NN 3262 35 35 with with IN 3262 35 36 the the DT 3262 35 37 new new JJ 3262 35 38 information information NN 3262 35 39 . . . 3262 36 1 This this DT 3262 36 2 process process NN 3262 36 3 is be VBZ 3262 36 4 illustrated illustrate VBN 3262 36 5 in in IN 3262 36 6 figure figure NN 3262 36 7 1 1 CD 3262 36 8 . . . 3262 37 1 The the DT 3262 37 2 following follow VBG 3262 37 3 sections section NNS 3262 37 4 will will MD 3262 37 5 examine examine VB 3262 37 6 some some DT 3262 37 7 exist- exist- NN 3262 37 8 ing ing NN 3262 37 9 content content NN 3262 37 10 - - HYPH 3262 37 11 based base VBN 3262 37 12 information information NN 3262 37 13 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 37 14 techniques technique NNS 3262 37 15 for for IN 3262 37 16 most most JJS 3262 37 17 common common JJ 3262 37 18 information information NN 3262 37 19 formats format NNS 3262 37 20 ( ( -LRB- 3262 37 21 image image NN 3262 37 22 , , , 3262 37 23 audio audio NN 3262 37 24 , , , 3262 37 25 and and CC 3262 37 26 video video NN 3262 37 27 ) ) -RRB- 3262 37 28 in in IN 3262 37 29 digital digital JJ 3262 37 30 libraries library NNS 3262 37 31 , , , 3262 37 32 as as RB 3262 37 33 well well RB 3262 37 34 as as IN 3262 37 35 their -PRON- PRP$ 3262 37 36 limitations limitation NNS 3262 37 37 and and CC 3262 37 38 trends trend NNS 3262 37 39 . . . 3262 38 1 Gary Gary NNP 3262 38 2 ( ( -LRB- 3262 38 3 Gang Gang NNP 3262 38 4 ) ) -RRB- 3262 38 5 Wan Wan NNP 3262 38 6 ( ( -LRB- 3262 38 7 gwan@tamu.edu gwan@tamu.edu -RRB- 3262 38 8 ) ) -RRB- 3262 38 9 is be VBZ 3262 38 10 a a DT 3262 38 11 Science Science NNP 3262 38 12 Librarian Librarian NNP 3262 38 13 and and CC 3262 38 14 Assistant Assistant NNP 3262 38 15 Professor Professor NNP 3262 38 16 , , , 3262 38 17 and and CC 3262 38 18 zao zao NNP 3262 38 19 Liu Liu NNP 3262 38 20 ( ( -LRB- 3262 38 21 zliu@tamu.edu zliu@tamu.edu NNP 3262 38 22 ) ) -RRB- 3262 38 23 is be VBZ 3262 38 24 a a DT 3262 38 25 Distance Distance NNP 3262 38 26 Learning Learning NNP 3262 38 27 Librarian Librarian NNP 3262 38 28 and and CC 3262 38 29 Assistant Assistant NNP 3262 38 30 Professor Professor NNP 3262 38 31 at at IN 3262 38 32 Sterling Sterling NNP 3262 38 33 C. C. NNP 3262 38 34 Evans Evans NNP 3262 38 35 Library Library NNP 3262 38 36 , , , 3262 38 37 Texas Texas NNP 3262 38 38 A&M A&M NNP 3262 38 39 University University NNP 3262 38 40 , , , 3262 38 41 College College NNP 3262 38 42 Station Station NNP 3262 38 43 , , , 3262 38 44 Texas Texas NNP 3262 38 45 . . . 3262 39 1 Gary Gary NNP 3262 39 2 ( ( -LRB- 3262 39 3 Gang Gang NNP 3262 39 4 ) ) -RRB- 3262 39 5 Wan Wan NNP 3262 39 6 and and CC 3262 39 7 Zao Zao NNP 3262 39 8 Liu Liu NNP 3262 39 9 42 42 CD 3262 39 10 inFoRmation information NN 3262 39 11 tECHnoLoGY tECHnoLoGY : 3262 39 12 anD and CC 3262 39 13 LiBRaRiEs LiBRaRiEs NNP 3262 39 14 | | NNP 3262 39 15 maRCH maRCH VBZ 3262 39 16 200842 200842 CD 3262 39 17 inFoRmation information NN 3262 39 18 tECHnoLoGY tECHnoLoGY : 3262 39 19 anD and CC 3262 39 20 LiBRaRiEs LiBRaRiEs NNP 3262 39 21 | | NNP 3262 39 22 maRCH march CD 3262 39 23 2008 2008 CD 3262 39 24 ■ ■ NFP 3262 39 25 Content content NN 3262 39 26 - - HYPH 3262 39 27 based base VBN 3262 39 28 image image NN 3262 39 29 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 39 30 There there EX 3262 39 31 have have VBP 3262 39 32 been be VBN 3262 39 33 a a DT 3262 39 34 large large JJ 3262 39 35 number number NN 3262 39 36 of of IN 3262 39 37 different different JJ 3262 39 38 content- content- NNP 3262 39 39 based base VBN 3262 39 40 image image NN 3262 39 41 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 39 42 ( ( -LRB- 3262 39 43 CBIR CBIR NNP 3262 39 44 ) ) -RRB- 3262 39 45 systems system NNS 3262 39 46 proposed propose VBN 3262 39 47 in in IN 3262 39 48 the the DT 3262 39 49 last last JJ 3262 39 50 few few JJ 3262 39 51 years year NNS 3262 39 52 , , , 3262 39 53 either either CC 3262 39 54 building build VBG 3262 39 55 on on IN 3262 39 56 prior prior JJ 3262 39 57 work work NN 3262 39 58 or or CC 3262 39 59 exploring explore VBG 3262 39 60 novel novel JJ 3262 39 61 directions direction NNS 3262 39 62 . . . 3262 40 1 One one CD 3262 40 2 similarity similarity NN 3262 40 3 among among IN 3262 40 4 these these DT 3262 40 5 systems system NNS 3262 40 6 is be VBZ 3262 40 7 that that IN 3262 40 8 most most JJS 3262 40 9 perform perform VBP 3262 40 10 feature feature NN 3262 40 11 extraction extraction NN 3262 40 12 as as IN 3262 40 13 the the DT 3262 40 14 first first JJ 3262 40 15 step step NN 3262 40 16 in in IN 3262 40 17 the the DT 3262 40 18 process process NN 3262 40 19 , , , 3262 40 20 obtaining obtain VBG 3262 40 21 global global JJ 3262 40 22 image image NN 3262 40 23 features feature NNS 3262 40 24 such such JJ 3262 40 25 as as IN 3262 40 26 color color NN 3262 40 27 , , , 3262 40 28 shape shape NN 3262 40 29 , , , 3262 40 30 and and CC 3262 40 31 texture texture NN 3262 40 32 ( ( -LRB- 3262 40 33 Datta Datta NNP 3262 40 34 et et FW 3262 40 35 al al NNP 3262 40 36 . . NNP 3262 40 37 , , , 3262 40 38 2005 2005 CD 3262 40 39 ) ) -RRB- 3262 40 40 . . . 3262 41 1 One one CD 3262 41 2 of of IN 3262 41 3 the the DT 3262 41 4 most most RBS 3262 41 5 well well RB 3262 41 6 - - HYPH 3262 41 7 known know VBN 3262 41 8 CBIR CBIR NNP 3262 41 9 systems system NNS 3262 41 10 is be VBZ 3262 41 11 query query NN 3262 41 12 by by IN 3262 41 13 image image NN 3262 41 14 content content NN 3262 41 15 ( ( -LRB- 3262 41 16 QBIC QBIC NNP 3262 41 17 ) ) -RRB- 3262 41 18 , , , 3262 41 19 which which WDT 3262 41 20 was be VBD 3262 41 21 developed develop VBN 3262 41 22 by by IN 3262 41 23 IBM IBM NNP 3262 41 24 . . . 3262 42 1 It -PRON- PRP 3262 42 2 uses use VBZ 3262 42 3 several several JJ 3262 42 4 different different JJ 3262 42 5 features feature NNS 3262 42 6 , , , 3262 42 7 including include VBG 3262 42 8 color color NN 3262 42 9 , , , 3262 42 10 sketches sketch NNS 3262 42 11 , , , 3262 42 12 texture texture NN 3262 42 13 , , , 3262 42 14 shape shape NN 3262 42 15 , , , 3262 42 16 and and CC 3262 42 17 example example NN 3262 42 18 images image NNS 3262 42 19 to to TO 3262 42 20 retrieve retrieve VB 3262 42 21 images image NNS 3262 42 22 from from IN 3262 42 23 image image NN 3262 42 24 and and CC 3262 42 25 video video NN 3262 42 26 databases database NNS 3262 42 27 . . . 3262 43 1 Since since IN 3262 43 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 3262 43 3 launch launch NN 3262 43 4 in in IN 3262 43 5 1995 1995 CD 3262 43 6 , , , 3262 43 7 the the DT 3262 43 8 QBIC QBIC NNP 3262 43 9 model model NN 3262 43 10 has have VBZ 3262 43 11 been be VBN 3262 43 12 employed employ VBN 3262 43 13 for for IN 3262 43 14 quite quite PDT 3262 43 15 a a DT 3262 43 16 few few JJ 3262 43 17 digital digital JJ 3262 43 18 libraries library NNS 3262 43 19 or or CC 3262 43 20 collections collection NNS 3262 43 21 . . . 3262 44 1 One one CD 3262 44 2 recent recent JJ 3262 44 3 adopter adopter NN 3262 44 4 is be VBZ 3262 44 5 the the DT 3262 44 6 State State NNP 3262 44 7 Hermitage Hermitage NNP 3262 44 8 Museum Museum NNP 3262 44 9 in in IN 3262 44 10 Russia Russia NNP 3262 44 11 ( ( -LRB- 3262 44 12 www.hermitage www.hermitage NNP 3262 44 13 . . . 3262 45 1 ru ru NNP 3262 45 2 ) ) -RRB- 3262 45 3 , , , 3262 45 4 which which WDT 3262 45 5 uses use VBZ 3262 45 6 QBIC QBIC NNP 3262 45 7 for for IN 3262 45 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 3262 45 9 Web web NN 3262 45 10 - - HYPH 3262 45 11 based base VBN 3262 45 12 digital digital JJ 3262 45 13 image image NN 3262 45 14 col- col- NN 3262 45 15 lection lection NN 3262 45 16 . . . 3262 46 1 Users user NNS 3262 46 2 can can MD 3262 46 3 find find VB 3262 46 4 artwork artwork NN 3262 46 5 images image NNS 3262 46 6 by by IN 3262 46 7 selecting select VBG 3262 46 8 colors color NNS 3262 46 9 from from IN 3262 46 10 a a DT 3262 46 11 palette palette NN 3262 46 12 or or CC 3262 46 13 by by IN 3262 46 14 sketching sketch VBG 3262 46 15 shapes shape NNS 3262 46 16 on on IN 3262 46 17 a a DT 3262 46 18 canvas canvas NN 3262 46 19 . . . 3262 47 1 The the DT 3262 47 2 user user NN 3262 47 3 can can MD 3262 47 4 also also RB 3262 47 5 refine refine VB 3262 47 6 existing exist VBG 3262 47 7 search search NN 3262 47 8 results result NNS 3262 47 9 by by IN 3262 47 10 requesting request VBG 3262 47 11 all all DT 3262 47 12 artwork artwork NN 3262 47 13 images image NNS 3262 47 14 with with IN 3262 47 15 similar similar JJ 3262 47 16 visual visual JJ 3262 47 17 attributes attribute NNS 3262 47 18 . . . 3262 48 1 The the DT 3262 48 2 following follow VBG 3262 48 3 screenshots screenshot NNS 3262 48 4 demonstrate demonstrate VBP 3262 48 5 how how WRB 3262 48 6 a a DT 3262 48 7 user user NN 3262 48 8 can can MD 3262 48 9 do do VB 3262 48 10 a a DT 3262 48 11 content content NN 3262 48 12 - - HYPH 3262 48 13 based base VBN 3262 48 14 image image NN 3262 48 15 search search NN 3262 48 16 with with IN 3262 48 17 QBIC QBIC NNP 3262 48 18 technology technology NN 3262 48 19 . . . 3262 49 1 In in IN 3262 49 2 figure figure NN 3262 49 3 2.1 2.1 CD 3262 49 4 , , , 3262 49 5 the the DT 3262 49 6 user user NN 3262 49 7 chooses choose VBZ 3262 49 8 a a DT 3262 49 9 color color NN 3262 49 10 from from IN 3262 49 11 the the DT 3262 49 12 palette palette NN 3262 49 13 and and CC 3262 49 14 composes compose VBZ 3262 49 15 the the DT 3262 49 16 color color NN 3262 49 17 schema schema NN 3262 49 18 of of IN 3262 49 19 artwork artwork NN 3262 49 20 he -PRON- PRP 3262 49 21 or or CC 3262 49 22 she -PRON- PRP 3262 49 23 is be VBZ 3262 49 24 looking look VBG 3262 49 25 for for IN 3262 49 26 . . . 3262 50 1 Figure figure NN 3262 50 2 2.2 2.2 CD 3262 50 3 shows show VBZ 3262 50 4 the the DT 3262 50 5 artwork artwork NN 3262 50 6 images image NNS 3262 50 7 that that WDT 3262 50 8 match match VBP 3262 50 9 the the DT 3262 50 10 query query NN 3262 50 11 schema schema NNP 3262 50 12 . . . 3262 51 1 Another another DT 3262 51 2 example example NN 3262 51 3 of of IN 3262 51 4 digital digital JJ 3262 51 5 libraries library NNS 3262 51 6 or or CC 3262 51 7 collections collection NNS 3262 51 8 that that WDT 3262 51 9 have have VBP 3262 51 10 incorporated incorporate VBN 3262 51 11 CBIR CBIR NNP 3262 51 12 technology technology NN 3262 51 13 is be VBZ 3262 51 14 the the DT 3262 51 15 National National NNP 3262 51 16 Science Science NNP 3262 51 17 Foundation Foundation NNP 3262 51 18 ’s ’s POS 3262 51 19 International International NNP 3262 51 20 Digital Digital NNP 3262 51 21 Library Library NNP 3262 51 22 Project Project NNP 3262 51 23 ( ( -LRB- 3262 51 24 www.memorynet.org www.memorynet.org NNP 3262 51 25 ) ) -RRB- 3262 51 26 , , , 3262 51 27 a a DT 3262 51 28 project project NN 3262 51 29 that that WDT 3262 51 30 is be VBZ 3262 51 31 composed compose VBN 3262 51 32 of of IN 3262 51 33 several several JJ 3262 51 34 image image NN 3262 51 35 collections collection NNS 3262 51 36 . . . 3262 52 1 The the DT 3262 52 2 information information NN 3262 52 3 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 52 4 sys- sys- NNP 3262 52 5 tem tem NN 3262 52 6 for for IN 3262 52 7 these these DT 3262 52 8 collections collection NNS 3262 52 9 includes include VBZ 3262 52 10 both both CC 3262 52 11 a a DT 3262 52 12 traditional traditional JJ 3262 52 13 text text NN 3262 52 14 - - HYPH 3262 52 15 based base VBN 3262 52 16 search search NN 3262 52 17 engine engine NN 3262 52 18 and and CC 3262 52 19 a a DT 3262 52 20 CBIR CBIR NNP 3262 52 21 system system NN 3262 52 22 called call VBN 3262 52 23 SIMPLIcity simplicity NN 3262 52 24 ( ( -LRB- 3262 52 25 Semantics Semantics NNP 3262 52 26 - - HYPH 3262 52 27 sensitive sensitive JJ 3262 52 28 Integrated Integrated NNP 3262 52 29 Matching Matching NNP 3262 52 30 for for IN 3262 52 31 Picture Picture NNP 3262 52 32 Libraries Libraries NNPS 3262 52 33 ) ) -RRB- 3262 52 34 developed develop VBN 3262 52 35 by by IN 3262 52 36 Wang Wang NNP 3262 52 37 et et NNP 3262 52 38 al al NNP 3262 52 39 . . . 3262 53 1 ( ( -LRB- 3262 53 2 2001 2001 CD 3262 53 3 ) ) -RRB- 3262 53 4 of of IN 3262 53 5 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 3262 53 6 State State NNP 3262 53 7 University University NNP 3262 53 8 . . . 3262 54 1 From from IN 3262 54 2 the the DT 3262 54 3 front front JJ 3262 54 4 page page NN 3262 54 5 of of IN 3262 54 6 these these DT 3262 54 7 image image NN 3262 54 8 collections collection NNS 3262 54 9 , , , 3262 54 10 a a DT 3262 54 11 user user NN 3262 54 12 can can MD 3262 54 13 choose choose VB 3262 54 14 to to TO 3262 54 15 display display VB 3262 54 16 a a DT 3262 54 17 random random JJ 3262 54 18 group group NN 3262 54 19 of of IN 3262 54 20 images image NNS 3262 54 21 ( ( -LRB- 3262 54 22 figure figure VB 3262 54 23 3.1 3.1 CD 3262 54 24 ) ) -RRB- 3262 54 25 . . . 3262 55 1 Below below IN 3262 55 2 each each DT 3262 55 3 image image NN 3262 55 4 is be VBZ 3262 55 5 a a DT 3262 55 6 “ " `` 3262 55 7 similar similar JJ 3262 55 8 ” " '' 3262 55 9 button button NN 3262 55 10 ; ; , 3262 55 11 clicking click VBG 3262 55 12 this this DT 3262 55 13 allows allow VBZ 3262 55 14 the the DT 3262 55 15 user user NN 3262 55 16 to to TO 3262 55 17 view view VB 3262 55 18 a a DT 3262 55 19 group group NN 3262 55 20 of of IN 3262 55 21 images image NNS 3262 55 22 that that WDT 3262 55 23 contain contain VBP 3262 55 24 similar similar JJ 3262 55 25 objects object NNS 3262 55 26 to to IN 3262 55 27 the the DT 3262 55 28 previously previously RB 3262 55 29 selected select VBN 3262 55 30 one one CD 3262 55 31 ( ( -LRB- 3262 55 32 figure figure NN 3262 55 33 3.2 3.2 CD 3262 55 34 ) ) -RRB- 3262 55 35 . . . 3262 56 1 By by IN 3262 56 2 providing provide VBG 3262 56 3 feedback feedback NN 3262 56 4 to to IN 3262 56 5 the the DT 3262 56 6 search search NN 3262 56 7 engine engine NN 3262 56 8 this this DT 3262 56 9 way way NN 3262 56 10 , , , 3262 56 11 the the DT 3262 56 12 user user NN 3262 56 13 can can MD 3262 56 14 find find VB 3262 56 15 images image NNS 3262 56 16 of of IN 3262 56 17 desired desire VBN 3262 56 18 objects object NNS 3262 56 19 without without IN 3262 56 20 knowing know VBG 3262 56 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 3262 56 22 names name NNS 3262 56 23 or or CC 3262 56 24 descriptions description NNS 3262 56 25 . . . 3262 57 1 Simply simply RB 3262 57 2 put put VBN 3262 57 3 , , , 3262 57 4 SIMPLIcity simplicity NN 3262 57 5 segments segment NNS 3262 57 6 each each DT 3262 57 7 image image NN 3262 57 8 into into IN 3262 57 9 small small JJ 3262 57 10 regions region NNS 3262 57 11 , , , 3262 57 12 extracts extract VBZ 3262 57 13 several several JJ 3262 57 14 features feature NNS 3262 57 15 ( ( -LRB- 3262 57 16 such such JJ 3262 57 17 as as IN 3262 57 18 color color NN 3262 57 19 , , , 3262 57 20 Figure figure NN 3262 57 21 1 1 CD 3262 57 22 . . . 3262 58 1 The the DT 3262 58 2 general general JJ 3262 58 3 process process NN 3262 58 4 of of IN 3262 58 5 content content NN 3262 58 6 - - HYPH 3262 58 7 based base VBN 3262 58 8 information information NN 3262 58 9 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 58 10 Figure Figure NNP 3262 58 11 2.1 2.1 CD 3262 58 12 . . . 3262 59 1 A a DT 3262 59 2 user user NN 3262 59 3 query query NN 3262 59 4 Figure figure NN 3262 59 5 2.2 2.2 CD 3262 59 6 . . . 3262 60 1 The the DT 3262 60 2 search search NN 3262 60 3 results result VBZ 3262 60 4 for for IN 3262 60 5 this this DT 3262 60 6 query query NN 3262 60 7 aRtiCLE article CD 3262 60 8 titLE title CD 3262 60 9 | | NNP 3262 60 10 autHoR autHoR NNP 3262 60 11 43ContEnt 43ContEnt NNP 3262 60 12 - - HYPH 3262 60 13 BasED BasED NNP 3262 60 14 inFoRmation information NN 3262 60 15 REtRiEvaL REtRiEvaL NNP 3262 60 16 anD and CC 3262 60 17 DiGitaL DiGitaL NNP 3262 60 18 LiBRaRiEs LiBRaRiEs NNP 3262 60 19 | | NNP 3262 60 20 Wan Wan NNP 3262 60 21 anD and CC 3262 60 22 Liu Liu NNP 3262 60 23 43 43 CD 3262 60 24 location location NN 3262 60 25 , , , 3262 60 26 and and CC 3262 60 27 shape shape NN 3262 60 28 ) ) -RRB- 3262 60 29 from from IN 3262 60 30 these these DT 3262 60 31 small small JJ 3262 60 32 regions region NNS 3262 60 33 , , , 3262 60 34 and and CC 3262 60 35 clas- clas- NNP 3262 60 36 sifies sifie VBZ 3262 60 37 these these DT 3262 60 38 regions region NNS 3262 60 39 into into IN 3262 60 40 some some DT 3262 60 41 semantic semantic JJ 3262 60 42 categories category NNS 3262 60 43 ( ( -LRB- 3262 60 44 such such JJ 3262 60 45 as as IN 3262 60 46 textured texture VBN 3262 60 47 / / SYM 3262 60 48 nontextured nontextured JJ 3262 60 49 and and CC 3262 60 50 graph graph NNP 3262 60 51 / / SYM 3262 60 52 photograph photograph NNP 3262 60 53 ) ) -RRB- 3262 60 54 . . . 3262 61 1 When when WRB 3262 61 2 computing compute VBG 3262 61 3 the the DT 3262 61 4 similarity similarity NN 3262 61 5 between between IN 3262 61 6 the the DT 3262 61 7 query query NN 3262 61 8 image image NN 3262 61 9 and and CC 3262 61 10 images image NNS 3262 61 11 in in IN 3262 61 12 the the DT 3262 61 13 database database NN 3262 61 14 , , , 3262 61 15 all all PDT 3262 61 16 these these DT 3262 61 17 features feature NNS 3262 61 18 will will MD 3262 61 19 be be VB 3262 61 20 consid- consid- NN 3262 61 21 ered ered JJ 3262 61 22 and and CC 3262 61 23 integrated integrate VBN 3262 61 24 , , , 3262 61 25 and and CC 3262 61 26 best good JJS 3262 61 27 matching matching NN 3262 61 28 results result NNS 3262 61 29 will will MD 3262 61 30 be be VB 3262 61 31 retrieved retrieve VBN 3262 61 32 ( ( -LRB- 3262 61 33 Wang Wang NNP 3262 61 34 et et NNP 3262 61 35 al al NNP 3262 61 36 . . NNP 3262 61 37 , , , 3262 61 38 2001 2001 CD 3262 61 39 ) ) -RRB- 3262 61 40 . . . 3262 62 1 Similar similar JJ 3262 62 2 applications application NNS 3262 62 3 of of IN 3262 62 4 CBIR CBIR NNP 3262 62 5 technology technology NN 3262 62 6 in in IN 3262 62 7 digital digital JJ 3262 62 8 libraries library NNS 3262 62 9 include include VBP 3262 62 10 the the DT 3262 62 11 University University NNP 3262 62 12 of of IN 3262 62 13 California California NNP 3262 62 14 – – : 3262 62 15 Berkeley Berkeley NNP 3262 62 16 ’s ’s POS 3262 62 17 Digital Digital NNP 3262 62 18 Library Library NNP 3262 62 19 Project Project NNP 3262 62 20 ( ( -LRB- 3262 62 21 http://bnhm.berkeley.edu http://bnhm.berkeley.edu NNP 3262 62 22 ) ) -RRB- 3262 62 23 , , , 3262 62 24 the the DT 3262 62 25 National National NNP 3262 62 26 STEM STEM NNP 3262 62 27 Digital Digital NNP 3262 62 28 Library Library NNP 3262 62 29 ( ( -LRB- 3262 62 30 ongoing ongoing JJ 3262 62 31 ) ) -RRB- 3262 62 32 , , , 3262 62 33 and and CC 3262 62 34 Virginia Virginia NNP 3262 62 35 Tech Tech NNP 3262 62 36 ’s ’s POS 3262 62 37 anthropology anthropology NN 3262 62 38 digital digital JJ 3262 62 39 library library NN 3262 62 40 , , , 3262 62 41 ETANA ETANA NNP 3262 62 42 ( ( -LRB- 3262 62 43 ongoing ongoing JJ 3262 62 44 ) ) -RRB- 3262 62 45 . . . 3262 63 1 While while IN 3262 63 2 these these DT 3262 63 3 feature feature NN 3262 63 4 - - HYPH 3262 63 5 based base VBN 3262 63 6 approaches approach NNS 3262 63 7 have have VBP 3262 63 8 been be VBN 3262 63 9 explored explore VBN 3262 63 10 over over IN 3262 63 11 the the DT 3262 63 12 years year NNS 3262 63 13 , , , 3262 63 14 an an DT 3262 63 15 emerging emerge VBG 3262 63 16 new new JJ 3262 63 17 research research NN 3262 63 18 direction direction NN 3262 63 19 in in IN 3262 63 20 CBIR CBIR NNP 3262 63 21 is be VBZ 3262 63 22 automatic automatic JJ 3262 63 23 concept concept NN 3262 63 24 recognition recognition NN 3262 63 25 and and CC 3262 63 26 annotation annotation NN 3262 63 27 . . . 3262 64 1 Ideally ideally RB 3262 64 2 , , , 3262 64 3 automatic automatic JJ 3262 64 4 concept concept NN 3262 64 5 recognition recognition NN 3262 64 6 and and CC 3262 64 7 annotation annotation NN 3262 64 8 can can MD 3262 64 9 discover discover VB 3262 64 10 the the DT 3262 64 11 concepts concept NNS 3262 64 12 that that WDT 3262 64 13 an an DT 3262 64 14 image image NN 3262 64 15 con- con- NN 3262 64 16 veys vey NNS 3262 64 17 and and CC 3262 64 18 assign assign VB 3262 64 19 a a DT 3262 64 20 set set NN 3262 64 21 of of IN 3262 64 22 metadata metadata NN 3262 64 23 to to IN 3262 64 24 it -PRON- PRP 3262 64 25 , , , 3262 64 26 thus thus RB 3262 64 27 allowing allow VBG 3262 64 28 image image NN 3262 64 29 search search NN 3262 64 30 through through IN 3262 64 31 the the DT 3262 64 32 use use NN 3262 64 33 of of IN 3262 64 34 text text NN 3262 64 35 . . . 3262 65 1 A a DT 3262 65 2 trusted trust VBN 3262 65 3 automatic automatic JJ 3262 65 4 concept concept NN 3262 65 5 recognition recognition NN 3262 65 6 and and CC 3262 65 7 annotation annotation NN 3262 65 8 system system NN 3262 65 9 can can MD 3262 65 10 be be VB 3262 65 11 a a DT 3262 65 12 good good JJ 3262 65 13 solution solution NN 3262 65 14 for for IN 3262 65 15 large large JJ 3262 65 16 data data NN 3262 65 17 sets set NNS 3262 65 18 . . . 3262 66 1 However however RB 3262 66 2 , , , 3262 66 3 the the DT 3262 66 4 semantic semantic JJ 3262 66 5 gap gap NN 3262 66 6 between between IN 3262 66 7 computer computer NN 3262 66 8 processors processor NNS 3262 66 9 and and CC 3262 66 10 human human JJ 3262 66 11 brains brain NNS 3262 66 12 remains remain VBZ 3262 66 13 the the DT 3262 66 14 major major JJ 3262 66 15 challenge challenge NN 3262 66 16 in in IN 3262 66 17 the the DT 3262 66 18 development development NN 3262 66 19 of of IN 3262 66 20 a a DT 3262 66 21 robust robust JJ 3262 66 22 auto- auto- NNP 3262 66 23 matic matic JJ 3262 66 24 concept concept NN 3262 66 25 recognition recognition NN 3262 66 26 and and CC 3262 66 27 annotation annotation NN 3262 66 28 system system NN 3262 66 29 ( ( -LRB- 3262 66 30 Datta Datta NNP 3262 66 31 et et FW 3262 66 32 al al NNP 3262 66 33 . . NNP 3262 66 34 , , , 3262 66 35 2005 2005 CD 3262 66 36 ) ) -RRB- 3262 66 37 . . . 3262 67 1 A a DT 3262 67 2 recent recent JJ 3262 67 3 example example NN 3262 67 4 of of IN 3262 67 5 efforts effort NNS 3262 67 6 in in IN 3262 67 7 this this DT 3262 67 8 field field NN 3262 67 9 is be VBZ 3262 67 10 Li Li NNP 3262 67 11 and and CC 3262 67 12 Wang Wang NNP 3262 67 13 ’s ’s NNP 3262 67 14 ALIPR ALIPR NNP 3262 67 15 ( ( -LRB- 3262 67 16 Automatic Automatic NNP 3262 67 17 Linguistic Linguistic NNP 3262 67 18 Indexing Indexing NNP 3262 67 19 of of IN 3262 67 20 Pictures Pictures NNPS 3262 67 21 — — : 3262 67 22 Real real JJ 3262 67 23 Time time NN 3262 67 24 , , , 3262 67 25 http://alipr.com http://alipr.com ADD 3262 67 26 ) ) -RRB- 3262 67 27 project project NN 3262 67 28 ( ( -LRB- 3262 67 29 2006 2006 CD 3262 67 30 ) ) -RRB- 3262 67 31 . . . 3262 68 1 Through through IN 3262 68 2 a a DT 3262 68 3 Web web NN 3262 68 4 interface interface NN 3262 68 5 , , , 3262 68 6 users user NNS 3262 68 7 are be VBP 3262 68 8 able able JJ 3262 68 9 to to TO 3262 68 10 search search VB 3262 68 11 images image NNS 3262 68 12 in in IN 3262 68 13 several several JJ 3262 68 14 different different JJ 3262 68 15 ways way NNS 3262 68 16 : : : 3262 68 17 They -PRON- PRP 3262 68 18 may may MD 3262 68 19 do do VB 3262 68 20 text text NN 3262 68 21 searches search NNS 3262 68 22 and and CC 3262 68 23 provide provide VB 3262 68 24 feedback feedback NN 3262 68 25 to to IN 3262 68 26 the the DT 3262 68 27 system system NN 3262 68 28 to to TO 3262 68 29 find find VB 3262 68 30 similar similar JJ 3262 68 31 images image NNS 3262 68 32 . . . 3262 69 1 Users user NNS 3262 69 2 may may MD 3262 69 3 also also RB 3262 69 4 upload upload VB 3262 69 5 an an DT 3262 69 6 image image NN 3262 69 7 , , , 3262 69 8 and and CC 3262 69 9 the the DT 3262 69 10 system system NN 3262 69 11 will will MD 3262 69 12 per- per- RB 3262 69 13 form form VB 3262 69 14 concept concept NN 3262 69 15 analysis analysis NN 3262 69 16 and and CC 3262 69 17 generate generate VB 3262 69 18 a a DT 3262 69 19 set set NN 3262 69 20 of of IN 3262 69 21 annotations annotation NNS 3262 69 22 or or CC 3262 69 23 tags tag NNS 3262 69 24 automatically automatically RB 3262 69 25 , , , 3262 69 26 as as IN 3262 69 27 shown show VBN 3262 69 28 in in IN 3262 69 29 figure figure NN 3262 69 30 4 4 CD 3262 69 31 . . . 3262 70 1 The the DT 3262 70 2 system system NN 3262 70 3 then then RB 3262 70 4 retrieves retrieve VBZ 3262 70 5 images image NNS 3262 70 6 from from IN 3262 70 7 the the DT 3262 70 8 database database NN 3262 70 9 that that WDT 3262 70 10 are be VBP 3262 70 11 visually visually RB 3262 70 12 similar similar JJ 3262 70 13 to to IN 3262 70 14 the the DT 3262 70 15 uploaded uploaded JJ 3262 70 16 image image NN 3262 70 17 . . . 3262 71 1 In in IN 3262 71 2 the the DT 3262 71 3 process process NN 3262 71 4 of of IN 3262 71 5 auto- auto- FW 3262 71 6 matic matic JJ 3262 71 7 annotation annotation NN 3262 71 8 , , , 3262 71 9 if if IN 3262 71 10 the the DT 3262 71 11 user user NN 3262 71 12 does do VBZ 3262 71 13 n’t not RB 3262 71 14 think think VB 3262 71 15 the the DT 3262 71 16 tags tag NNS 3262 71 17 given give VBN 3262 71 18 by by IN 3262 71 19 the the DT 3262 71 20 system system NN 3262 71 21 are be VBP 3262 71 22 suitable suitable JJ 3262 71 23 , , , 3262 71 24 he -PRON- PRP 3262 71 25 or or CC 3262 71 26 she -PRON- PRP 3262 71 27 can can MD 3262 71 28 input input VB 3262 71 29 other other JJ 3262 71 30 tags tag NNS 3262 71 31 to to TO 3262 71 32 describe describe VB 3262 71 33 the the DT 3262 71 34 image image NN 3262 71 35 . . . 3262 72 1 This this DT 3262 72 2 is be VBZ 3262 72 3 also also RB 3262 72 4 the the DT 3262 72 5 “ " `` 3262 72 6 training training NN 3262 72 7 ” " '' 3262 72 8 process process NN 3262 72 9 for for IN 3262 72 10 the the DT 3262 72 11 ALIPR ALIPR NNP 3262 72 12 system system NN 3262 72 13 . . . 3262 73 1 Since since IN 3262 73 2 CBIR CBIR NNP 3262 73 3 is be VBZ 3262 73 4 the the DT 3262 73 5 major major JJ 3262 73 6 research research NN 3262 73 7 area area NN 3262 73 8 and and CC 3262 73 9 has have VBZ 3262 73 10 the the DT 3262 73 11 lon- lon- NN 3262 73 12 gest g JJS 3262 73 13 history history NN 3262 73 14 in in IN 3262 73 15 content content NN 3262 73 16 - - HYPH 3262 73 17 based base VBN 3262 73 18 information information NN 3262 73 19 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 73 20 , , , 3262 73 21 there there EX 3262 73 22 are be VBP 3262 73 23 many many JJ 3262 73 24 models model NNS 3262 73 25 , , , 3262 73 26 products product NNS 3262 73 27 , , , 3262 73 28 and and CC 3262 73 29 ongoing ongoing JJ 3262 73 30 projects project NNS 3262 73 31 in in IN 3262 73 32 addi- addi- JJ 3262 73 33 tion tion NN 3262 73 34 to to IN 3262 73 35 the the DT 3262 73 36 above above JJ 3262 73 37 examples example NNS 3262 73 38 . . . 3262 74 1 As as IN 3262 74 2 image image NN 3262 74 3 collections collection NNS 3262 74 4 become become VBP 3262 74 5 a a DT 3262 74 6 significant significant JJ 3262 74 7 part part NN 3262 74 8 of of IN 3262 74 9 digital digital JJ 3262 74 10 libraries library NNS 3262 74 11 , , , 3262 74 12 more more JJR 3262 74 13 attention attention NN 3262 74 14 has have VBZ 3262 74 15 been be VBN 3262 74 16 paid pay VBN 3262 74 17 to to IN 3262 74 18 possibilities possibility NNS 3262 74 19 of of IN 3262 74 20 providing provide VBG 3262 74 21 content content NN 3262 74 22 - - HYPH 3262 74 23 based base VBN 3262 74 24 image image NN 3262 74 25 search search NN 3262 74 26 as as IN 3262 74 27 a a DT 3262 74 28 complement complement NN 3262 74 29 to to IN 3262 74 30 existing exist VBG 3262 74 31 metadata metadata NN 3262 74 32 search search NN 3262 74 33 . . . 3262 75 1 ■ ■ NFP 3262 75 2 Content content NN 3262 75 3 - - HYPH 3262 75 4 based base VBN 3262 75 5 audio audio JJ 3262 75 6 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 75 7 Compared compare VBN 3262 75 8 with with IN 3262 75 9 CBIR CBIR NNP 3262 75 10 , , , 3262 75 11 content content NN 3262 75 12 - - HYPH 3262 75 13 based base VBN 3262 75 14 audio audio JJ 3262 75 15 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 75 16 ( ( -LRB- 3262 75 17 CBAR CBAR NNP 3262 75 18 ) ) -RRB- 3262 75 19 is be VBZ 3262 75 20 relatively relatively RB 3262 75 21 new new JJ 3262 75 22 , , , 3262 75 23 and and CC 3262 75 24 fewer few JJR 3262 75 25 research research NN 3262 75 26 projects project NNS 3262 75 27 on on IN 3262 75 28 it -PRON- PRP 3262 75 29 can can MD 3262 75 30 be be VB 3262 75 31 found find VBN 3262 75 32 . . . 3262 76 1 In in IN 3262 76 2 general general JJ 3262 76 3 , , , 3262 76 4 existing exist VBG 3262 76 5 CBAR CBAR NNP 3262 76 6 approaches approach NNS 3262 76 7 start start VBP 3262 76 8 from from IN 3262 76 9 the the DT 3262 76 10 content content NN 3262 76 11 analysis analysis NN 3262 76 12 of of IN 3262 76 13 audio audio JJ 3262 76 14 clips clip NNS 3262 76 15 . . . 3262 77 1 An an DT 3262 77 2 example example NN 3262 77 3 of of IN 3262 77 4 this this DT 3262 77 5 content content NN 3262 77 6 analysis analysis NN 3262 77 7 is be VBZ 3262 77 8 extracting extract VBG 3262 77 9 basic basic JJ 3262 77 10 audio audio JJ 3262 77 11 elements element NNS 3262 77 12 , , , 3262 77 13 such such JJ 3262 77 14 as as IN 3262 77 15 duration duration NN 3262 77 16 , , , 3262 77 17 pitch pitch NN 3262 77 18 , , , 3262 77 19 amplitude amplitude NN 3262 77 20 , , , 3262 77 21 brightness brightness NN 3262 77 22 , , , 3262 77 23 and and CC 3262 77 24 band- band- VBZ 3262 77 25 Figure Figure NNP 3262 77 26 3.1 3.1 CD 3262 77 27 . . . 3262 78 1 A a DT 3262 78 2 group group NN 3262 78 3 of of IN 3262 78 4 random random JJ 3262 78 5 images image NNS 3262 78 6 in in IN 3262 78 7 the the DT 3262 78 8 collection collection NN 3262 78 9 Figure Figure NNP 3262 78 10 3.2 3.2 CD 3262 78 11 . . . 3262 79 1 CBIR CBIR NNP 3262 79 2 results result VBZ 3262 79 3 Figure figure NN 3262 79 4 4 4 CD 3262 79 5 . . . 3262 80 1 ALIPR ALIPR NNP 3262 80 2 ’s ’s POS 3262 80 3 automatic automatic JJ 3262 80 4 annotation annotation NN 3262 80 5 feature feature NN 3262 80 6 44 44 CD 3262 80 7 inFoRmation information NN 3262 80 8 tECHnoLoGY tECHnoLoGY : 3262 80 9 anD and CC 3262 80 10 LiBRaRiEs LiBRaRiEs NNP 3262 80 11 | | NNP 3262 80 12 maRCH maRCH VBZ 3262 80 13 200844 200844 CD 3262 80 14 inFoRmation information NN 3262 80 15 tECHnoLoGY tECHnoLoGY : 3262 80 16 anD and CC 3262 80 17 LiBRaRiEs LiBRaRiEs NNP 3262 80 18 | | NNP 3262 80 19 maRCH maRCH NNP 3262 80 20 2008 2008 CD 3262 80 21 width width NN 3262 80 22 ( ( -LRB- 3262 80 23 Wold Wold NNP 3262 80 24 et et NNP 3262 80 25 al al NNP 3262 80 26 . . NNP 3262 80 27 , , , 3262 80 28 1996 1996 CD 3262 80 29 ) ) -RRB- 3262 80 30 . . . 3262 81 1 Because because IN 3262 81 2 of of IN 3262 81 3 the the DT 3262 81 4 great great JJ 3262 81 5 difficulties difficulty NNS 3262 81 6 in in IN 3262 81 7 recognizing recognize VBG 3262 81 8 audio audio JJ 3262 81 9 content content NN 3262 81 10 , , , 3262 81 11 research research NN 3262 81 12 in in IN 3262 81 13 this this DT 3262 81 14 area area NN 3262 81 15 is be VBZ 3262 81 16 less less RBR 3262 81 17 mature mature JJ 3262 81 18 than than IN 3262 81 19 that that DT 3262 81 20 in in IN 3262 81 21 content content NN 3262 81 22 - - HYPH 3262 81 23 based base VBN 3262 81 24 image image NN 3262 81 25 and and CC 3262 81 26 video video NN 3262 81 27 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 81 28 . . . 3262 82 1 Although although IN 3262 82 2 no no DT 3262 82 3 CBAR CBAR NNP 3262 82 4 system system NN 3262 82 5 has have VBZ 3262 82 6 been be VBN 3262 82 7 found find VBN 3262 82 8 to to TO 3262 82 9 be be VB 3262 82 10 implemented implement VBN 3262 82 11 by by IN 3262 82 12 any any DT 3262 82 13 digital digital JJ 3262 82 14 library library NN 3262 82 15 so so RB 3262 82 16 far far RB 3262 82 17 , , , 3262 82 18 quite quite PDT 3262 82 19 a a DT 3262 82 20 few few JJ 3262 82 21 projects project NNS 3262 82 22 provide provide VBP 3262 82 23 good good JJ 3262 82 24 prototypes prototype NNS 3262 82 25 or or CC 3262 82 26 directions direction NNS 3262 82 27 . . . 3262 83 1 One one CD 3262 83 2 good good JJ 3262 83 3 example example NN 3262 83 4 is be VBZ 3262 83 5 Zhang Zhang NNP 3262 83 6 and and CC 3262 83 7 Kuo Kuo NNP 3262 83 8 ’s ’s , 3262 83 9 ( ( -LRB- 3262 83 10 2001 2001 CD 3262 83 11 ) ) -RRB- 3262 83 12 research research NN 3262 83 13 project project NN 3262 83 14 on on IN 3262 83 15 audio audio JJ 3262 83 16 classification classification NN 3262 83 17 and and CC 3262 83 18 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 83 19 . . . 3262 84 1 The the DT 3262 84 2 proto- proto- NN 3262 84 3 type type NN 3262 84 4 system system NN 3262 84 5 is be VBZ 3262 84 6 composed compose VBN 3262 84 7 of of IN 3262 84 8 three three CD 3262 84 9 stages stage NNS 3262 84 10 : : : 3262 84 11 coarse coarse JJ 3262 84 12 - - HYPH 3262 84 13 level level NN 3262 84 14 audio audio JJ 3262 84 15 segmentation segmentation NN 3262 84 16 , , , 3262 84 17 fine fine JJ 3262 84 18 - - HYPH 3262 84 19 level level NN 3262 84 20 classification classification NN 3262 84 21 , , , 3262 84 22 and and CC 3262 84 23 audio audio JJ 3262 84 24 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 84 25 . . . 3262 85 1 In in IN 3262 85 2 the the DT 3262 85 3 first first JJ 3262 85 4 stage stage NN 3262 85 5 , , , 3262 85 6 audio audio JJ 3262 85 7 signals signal NNS 3262 85 8 are be VBP 3262 85 9 semantically semantically RB 3262 85 10 segmented segmented JJ 3262 85 11 and and CC 3262 85 12 classified classify VBD 3262 85 13 into into IN 3262 85 14 several several JJ 3262 85 15 basic basic JJ 3262 85 16 types type NNS 3262 85 17 includ- includ- NNP 3262 85 18 ing ing NNP 3262 85 19 speech speech NN 3262 85 20 , , , 3262 85 21 music music NN 3262 85 22 , , , 3262 85 23 song song NN 3262 85 24 , , , 3262 85 25 speech speech NN 3262 85 26 with with IN 3262 85 27 music music NN 3262 85 28 background background NN 3262 85 29 , , , 3262 85 30 environment environment NN 3262 85 31 sounds sound VBZ 3262 85 32 , , , 3262 85 33 and and CC 3262 85 34 silence silence NN 3262 85 35 . . . 3262 86 1 Some some DT 3262 86 2 physical physical JJ 3262 86 3 audio audio NN 3262 86 4 features feature NNS 3262 86 5 — — : 3262 86 6 such such JJ 3262 86 7 as as IN 3262 86 8 the the DT 3262 86 9 energy energy NN 3262 86 10 function function NN 3262 86 11 , , , 3262 86 12 the the DT 3262 86 13 fundamental fundamental JJ 3262 86 14 frequency frequency NN 3262 86 15 , , , 3262 86 16 and and CC 3262 86 17 the the DT 3262 86 18 spectral spectral JJ 3262 86 19 peak peak NN 3262 86 20 tracks track NNS 3262 86 21 — — : 3262 86 22 are be VBP 3262 86 23 examined examine VBN 3262 86 24 in in IN 3262 86 25 this this DT 3262 86 26 stage stage NN 3262 86 27 . . . 3262 87 1 In in IN 3262 87 2 the the DT 3262 87 3 second second JJ 3262 87 4 stage stage NN 3262 87 5 , , , 3262 87 6 further further JJ 3262 87 7 classification classification NN 3262 87 8 is be VBZ 3262 87 9 conducted conduct VBN 3262 87 10 for for IN 3262 87 11 every every DT 3262 87 12 basic basic JJ 3262 87 13 type type NN 3262 87 14 . . . 3262 88 1 Features feature NNS 3262 88 2 are be VBP 3262 88 3 extracted extract VBN 3262 88 4 from from IN 3262 88 5 the the DT 3262 88 6 time time NN 3262 88 7 - - HYPH 3262 88 8 frequency frequency NN 3262 88 9 representation representation NN 3262 88 10 of of IN 3262 88 11 audio audio JJ 3262 88 12 signals signal NNS 3262 88 13 to to TO 3262 88 14 reveal reveal VB 3262 88 15 subtle subtle JJ 3262 88 16 differences difference NNS 3262 88 17 of of IN 3262 88 18 timbre timbre NN 3262 88 19 and and CC 3262 88 20 pattern pattern NN 3262 88 21 among among IN 3262 88 22 different different JJ 3262 88 23 classes class NNS 3262 88 24 of of IN 3262 88 25 sounds sound NNS 3262 88 26 . . . 3262 89 1 Based base VBN 3262 89 2 on on IN 3262 89 3 these these DT 3262 89 4 differences difference NNS 3262 89 5 , , , 3262 89 6 the the DT 3262 89 7 coarse coarse JJ 3262 89 8 - - HYPH 3262 89 9 level level NN 3262 89 10 segmentation segmentation NN 3262 89 11 obtained obtain VBN 3262 89 12 in in IN 3262 89 13 stage stage NN 3262 89 14 one one PRP 3262 89 15 can can MD 3262 89 16 be be VB 3262 89 17 classified classify VBN 3262 89 18 to to TO 3262 89 19 narrower narrower VB 3262 89 20 categories category NNS 3262 89 21 . . . 3262 90 1 For for IN 3262 90 2 example example NN 3262 90 3 , , , 3262 90 4 speech speech NN 3262 90 5 can can MD 3262 90 6 be be VB 3262 90 7 differentiated differentiate VBN 3262 90 8 into into IN 3262 90 9 the the DT 3262 90 10 voices voice NNS 3262 90 11 of of IN 3262 90 12 men man NNS 3262 90 13 , , , 3262 90 14 women woman NNS 3262 90 15 , , , 3262 90 16 and and CC 3262 90 17 children child NNS 3262 90 18 . . . 3262 91 1 Finally finally RB 3262 91 2 , , , 3262 91 3 in in IN 3262 91 4 the the DT 3262 91 5 information information NN 3262 91 6 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 91 7 stage stage NN 3262 91 8 , , , 3262 91 9 two two CD 3262 91 10 approaches approach NNS 3262 91 11 — — : 3262 91 12 query query NN 3262 91 13 - - HYPH 3262 91 14 by by IN 3262 91 15 - - HYPH 3262 91 16 keyword keyword NN 3262 91 17 and and CC 3262 91 18 query query NN 3262 91 19 - - HYPH 3262 91 20 by by IN 3262 91 21 - - HYPH 3262 91 22 exam- exam- NN 3262 91 23 ple ple NN 3262 91 24 — — : 3262 91 25 are be VBP 3262 91 26 employed employ VBN 3262 91 27 . . . 3262 92 1 The the DT 3262 92 2 query query NN 3262 92 3 - - HYPH 3262 92 4 by by IN 3262 92 5 - - HYPH 3262 92 6 keyword keyword NN 3262 92 7 approach approach NN 3262 92 8 is be VBZ 3262 92 9 more more JJR 3262 92 10 like like IN 3262 92 11 the the DT 3262 92 12 traditional traditional JJ 3262 92 13 text text NN 3262 92 14 - - HYPH 3262 92 15 based base VBN 3262 92 16 search search NN 3262 92 17 system system NN 3262 92 18 . . . 3262 93 1 The the DT 3262 93 2 query query NN 3262 93 3 - - HYPH 3262 93 4 by by IN 3262 93 5 - - HYPH 3262 93 6 example example NN 3262 93 7 approach approach NN 3262 93 8 is be VBZ 3262 93 9 similar similar JJ 3262 93 10 to to IN 3262 93 11 content content NN 3262 93 12 - - HYPH 3262 93 13 based base VBN 3262 93 14 image image NN 3262 93 15 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 93 16 systems system NNS 3262 93 17 where where WRB 3262 93 18 an an DT 3262 93 19 image image NN 3262 93 20 can can MD 3262 93 21 be be VB 3262 93 22 searched search VBN 3262 93 23 by by IN 3262 93 24 color color NN 3262 93 25 , , , 3262 93 26 texture texture NN 3262 93 27 , , , 3262 93 28 and and CC 3262 93 29 histogram histogram NNP 3262 93 30 , , , 3262 93 31 and and CC 3262 93 32 audio audio JJ 3262 93 33 clips clip NNS 3262 93 34 can can MD 3262 93 35 be be VB 3262 93 36 retrieved retrieve VBN 3262 93 37 with with IN 3262 93 38 distinct distinct JJ 3262 93 39 features feature NNS 3262 93 40 , , , 3262 93 41 such such JJ 3262 93 42 as as IN 3262 93 43 timbre timbre NNP 3262 93 44 , , , 3262 93 45 pitch pitch NN 3262 93 46 , , , 3262 93 47 and and CC 3262 93 48 rhythm rhythm NN 3262 93 49 . . . 3262 94 1 This this DT 3262 94 2 way way NN 3262 94 3 , , , 3262 94 4 a a DT 3262 94 5 user user NN 3262 94 6 may may MD 3262 94 7 choose choose VB 3262 94 8 from from IN 3262 94 9 a a DT 3262 94 10 given give VBN 3262 94 11 list list NN 3262 94 12 of of IN 3262 94 13 features feature NNS 3262 94 14 , , , 3262 94 15 listen listen VB 3262 94 16 to to IN 3262 94 17 the the DT 3262 94 18 retrieved retrieve VBN 3262 94 19 samples sample NNS 3262 94 20 , , , 3262 94 21 and and CC 3262 94 22 modify modify VB 3262 94 23 the the DT 3262 94 24 input input NN 3262 94 25 feature feature NN 3262 94 26 set set VBN 3262 94 27 to to TO 3262 94 28 get get VB 3262 94 29 more more RBR 3262 94 30 desired desire VBN 3262 94 31 results result NNS 3262 94 32 . . . 3262 95 1 Zhang Zhang NNP 3262 95 2 and and CC 3262 95 3 Kuo Kuo NNP 3262 95 4 ’s ’s POS 3262 95 5 prototype prototype NN 3262 95 6 is be VBZ 3262 95 7 a a DT 3262 95 8 very very RB 3262 95 9 typical typical JJ 3262 95 10 and and CC 3262 95 11 classic classic JJ 3262 95 12 CBAR CBAR NNP 3262 95 13 system system NN 3262 95 14 . . . 3262 96 1 It -PRON- PRP 3262 96 2 is be VBZ 3262 96 3 relatively relatively RB 3262 96 4 mature mature JJ 3262 96 5 and and CC 3262 96 6 can can MD 3262 96 7 be be VB 3262 96 8 used use VBN 3262 96 9 by by IN 3262 96 10 large large JJ 3262 96 11 digital digital JJ 3262 96 12 audio audio JJ 3262 96 13 libraries library NNS 3262 96 14 . . . 3262 97 1 More more RBR 3262 97 2 recently recently RB 3262 97 3 , , , 3262 97 4 Li Li NNP 3262 97 5 et et NNP 3262 97 6 al al NNP 3262 97 7 . . . 3262 98 1 ( ( -LRB- 3262 98 2 2003 2003 CD 3262 98 3 ) ) -RRB- 3262 98 4 proposed propose VBD 3262 98 5 a a DT 3262 98 6 new new JJ 3262 98 7 feature feature NN 3262 98 8 extraction extraction NN 3262 98 9 method method NN 3262 98 10 particularly particularly RB 3262 98 11 for for IN 3262 98 12 music music NN 3262 98 13 genre genre NN 3262 98 14 classifica- classifica- NN 3262 98 15 tion tion NN 3262 98 16 named name VBN 3262 98 17 Daubechies Daubechies NNP 3262 98 18 Wavelet Wavelet NNP 3262 98 19 Coefficient Coefficient NNP 3262 98 20 Histograms Histograms NNPS 3262 98 21 ( ( -LRB- 3262 98 22 DWCHs DWCHs NNP 3262 98 23 ) ) -RRB- 3262 98 24 . . . 3262 99 1 DWCHs dwch NNS 3262 99 2 capture capture VBP 3262 99 3 the the DT 3262 99 4 local local JJ 3262 99 5 and and CC 3262 99 6 global global JJ 3262 99 7 informa- informa- NN 3262 99 8 tion tion NN 3262 99 9 of of IN 3262 99 10 music music NN 3262 99 11 signals signal NNS 3262 99 12 simultaneously simultaneously RB 3262 99 13 by by IN 3262 99 14 computing compute VBG 3262 99 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 3262 99 16 histograms histogram NNS 3262 99 17 . . . 3262 100 1 Similar similar JJ 3262 100 2 to to IN 3262 100 3 other other JJ 3262 100 4 CBAR CBAR NNP 3262 100 5 strategies strategy NNS 3262 100 6 , , , 3262 100 7 this this DT 3262 100 8 method method NN 3262 100 9 divides divide VBZ 3262 100 10 the the DT 3262 100 11 process process NN 3262 100 12 of of IN 3262 100 13 music music NN 3262 100 14 genre genre NN 3262 100 15 classification classification NN 3262 100 16 into into IN 3262 100 17 two two CD 3262 100 18 steps step NNS 3262 100 19 : : : 3262 100 20 feature feature NN 3262 100 21 extraction extraction NN 3262 100 22 and and CC 3262 100 23 multi multi JJ 3262 100 24 - - JJ 3262 100 25 class class JJ 3262 100 26 classification classification NN 3262 100 27 . . . 3262 101 1 The the DT 3262 101 2 music music NN 3262 101 3 signal signal NN 3262 101 4 information information NN 3262 101 5 representing represent VBG 3262 101 6 the the DT 3262 101 7 music music NN 3262 101 8 is be VBZ 3262 101 9 extracted extract VBN 3262 101 10 first first RB 3262 101 11 , , , 3262 101 12 and and CC 3262 101 13 then then RB 3262 101 14 an an DT 3262 101 15 algorithm algorithm NN 3262 101 16 is be VBZ 3262 101 17 used use VBN 3262 101 18 to to TO 3262 101 19 identify identify VB 3262 101 20 the the DT 3262 101 21 labels label NNS 3262 101 22 from from IN 3262 101 23 the the DT 3262 101 24 representation representation NN 3262 101 25 of of IN 3262 101 26 the the DT 3262 101 27 music music NN 3262 101 28 sounds sound VBZ 3262 101 29 with with IN 3262 101 30 respect respect NN 3262 101 31 to to IN 3262 101 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 3262 101 33 features feature NNS 3262 101 34 . . . 3262 102 1 Since since IN 3262 102 2 the the DT 3262 102 3 decomposition decomposition NN 3262 102 4 of of IN 3262 102 5 audio audio JJ 3262 102 6 signal signal NN 3262 102 7 can can MD 3262 102 8 produce produce VB 3262 102 9 a a DT 3262 102 10 set set NN 3262 102 11 of of IN 3262 102 12 subband subband JJ 3262 102 13 signals signal NNS 3262 102 14 at at IN 3262 102 15 different different JJ 3262 102 16 frequencies frequency NNS 3262 102 17 cor- cor- IN 3262 102 18 responding respond VBG 3262 102 19 to to IN 3262 102 20 different different JJ 3262 102 21 characteristics characteristic NNS 3262 102 22 , , , 3262 102 23 Li Li NNP 3262 102 24 et et FW 3262 102 25 al al NNP 3262 102 26 . . . 3262 103 1 ( ( -LRB- 3262 103 2 2003 2003 CD 3262 103 3 ) ) -RRB- 3262 103 4 proposed propose VBD 3262 103 5 a a DT 3262 103 6 new new JJ 3262 103 7 methodology methodology NN 3262 103 8 , , , 3262 103 9 the the DT 3262 103 10 DWCHs DWCHs NNP 3262 103 11 algorithm algorithm NN 3262 103 12 , , , 3262 103 13 for for IN 3262 103 14 feature feature NN 3262 103 15 extraction extraction NN 3262 103 16 . . . 3262 104 1 With with IN 3262 104 2 this this DT 3262 104 3 algorithm algorithm NN 3262 104 4 , , , 3262 104 5 the the DT 3262 104 6 decomposi- decomposi- NNP 3262 104 7 tion tion NN 3262 104 8 of of IN 3262 104 9 the the DT 3262 104 10 music music NN 3262 104 11 signals signal NNS 3262 104 12 is be VBZ 3262 104 13 obtained obtain VBN 3262 104 14 at at IN 3262 104 15 the the DT 3262 104 16 beginning beginning NN 3262 104 17 , , , 3262 104 18 and and CC 3262 104 19 then then RB 3262 104 20 a a DT 3262 104 21 histogram histogram NN 3262 104 22 of of IN 3262 104 23 each each DT 3262 104 24 subband subband NN 3262 104 25 is be VBZ 3262 104 26 constructed construct VBN 3262 104 27 . . . 3262 105 1 Hence hence RB 3262 105 2 , , , 3262 105 3 the the DT 3262 105 4 energy energy NN 3262 105 5 for for IN 3262 105 6 each each DT 3262 105 7 subband subband NN 3262 105 8 is be VBZ 3262 105 9 computed compute VBN 3262 105 10 , , , 3262 105 11 and and CC 3262 105 12 the the DT 3262 105 13 charac- charac- JJ 3262 105 14 teristics teristic NNS 3262 105 15 of of IN 3262 105 16 the the DT 3262 105 17 music music NN 3262 105 18 are be VBP 3262 105 19 represented represent VBN 3262 105 20 by by IN 3262 105 21 these these DT 3262 105 22 subbands subband NNS 3262 105 23 . . . 3262 106 1 One one CD 3262 106 2 finding find VBG 3262 106 3 from from IN 3262 106 4 this this DT 3262 106 5 research research NN 3262 106 6 reveals reveal VBZ 3262 106 7 that that IN 3262 106 8 this this DT 3262 106 9 methodol- methodol- JJ 3262 106 10 ogy ogy NN 3262 106 11 , , , 3262 106 12 along along IN 3262 106 13 with with IN 3262 106 14 advanced advanced JJ 3262 106 15 machine machine NN 3262 106 16 learning learning NN 3262 106 17 techniques technique NNS 3262 106 18 , , , 3262 106 19 has have VBZ 3262 106 20 significantly significantly RB 3262 106 21 improved improve VBN 3262 106 22 accuracy accuracy NN 3262 106 23 of of IN 3262 106 24 music music NN 3262 106 25 genre genre NN 3262 106 26 clas- clas- JJ 3262 106 27 sification sification NN 3262 106 28 ( ( -LRB- 3262 106 29 Li Li NNP 3262 106 30 et et FW 3262 106 31 al al NNP 3262 106 32 . . . 3262 107 1 2003 2003 CD 3262 107 2 ) ) -RRB- 3262 107 3 . . . 3262 108 1 Therefore therefore RB 3262 108 2 , , , 3262 108 3 this this DT 3262 108 4 methodology methodology NN 3262 108 5 potentially potentially RB 3262 108 6 can can MD 3262 108 7 be be VB 3262 108 8 used use VBN 3262 108 9 by by IN 3262 108 10 those those DT 3262 108 11 digital digital JJ 3262 108 12 music music NN 3262 108 13 libraries library NNS 3262 108 14 widely widely RB 3262 108 15 developed develop VBN 3262 108 16 in in IN 3262 108 17 past past JJ 3262 108 18 several several JJ 3262 108 19 years year NNS 3262 108 20 . . . 3262 109 1 ■ ■ NFP 3262 109 2 Content content NN 3262 109 3 - - HYPH 3262 109 4 based base VBN 3262 109 5 video video NN 3262 109 6 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 109 7 Content Content NNP 3262 109 8 - - HYPH 3262 109 9 based base VBN 3262 109 10 video video NN 3262 109 11 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 109 12 ( ( -LRB- 3262 109 13 CBVR CBVR NNP 3262 109 14 ) ) -RRB- 3262 109 15 is be VBZ 3262 109 16 a a DT 3262 109 17 more more RBR 3262 109 18 recent recent JJ 3262 109 19 research research NN 3262 109 20 topic topic NN 3262 109 21 than than IN 3262 109 22 CBIR CBIR NNP 3262 109 23 and and CC 3262 109 24 CBAR CBAR NNP 3262 109 25 , , , 3262 109 26 partly partly RB 3262 109 27 because because IN 3262 109 28 the the DT 3262 109 29 digitization digitization NN 3262 109 30 technology technology NN 3262 109 31 for for IN 3262 109 32 video video NN 3262 109 33 appeared appear VBD 3262 109 34 later later RB 3262 109 35 than than IN 3262 109 36 those those DT 3262 109 37 for for IN 3262 109 38 image image NN 3262 109 39 and and CC 3262 109 40 audio audio NN 3262 109 41 . . . 3262 110 1 As as IN 3262 110 2 digital digital JJ 3262 110 3 video video NN 3262 110 4 Websites website NNS 3262 110 5 such such JJ 3262 110 6 as as IN 3262 110 7 YouTube YouTube NNP 3262 110 8 and and CC 3262 110 9 Google Google NNP 3262 110 10 Video Video NNP 3262 110 11 become become VBP 3262 110 12 more more RBR 3262 110 13 popular popular JJ 3262 110 14 , , , 3262 110 15 how how WRB 3262 110 16 to to TO 3262 110 17 retrieve retrieve VB 3262 110 18 desired desire VBN 3262 110 19 video video NN 3262 110 20 clips clip NNS 3262 110 21 effectively effectively RB 3262 110 22 is be VBZ 3262 110 23 a a DT 3262 110 24 great great JJ 3262 110 25 con- con- NN 3262 110 26 cern cern NN 3262 110 27 . . . 3262 111 1 Searching search VBG 3262 111 2 by by IN 3262 111 3 some some DT 3262 111 4 features feature NNS 3262 111 5 of of IN 3262 111 6 video video NN 3262 111 7 , , , 3262 111 8 such such JJ 3262 111 9 as as IN 3262 111 10 motion motion NN 3262 111 11 and and CC 3262 111 12 texture texture NN 3262 111 13 , , , 3262 111 14 can can MD 3262 111 15 be be VB 3262 111 16 a a DT 3262 111 17 good good JJ 3262 111 18 complement complement NN 3262 111 19 to to IN 3262 111 20 the the DT 3262 111 21 traditional traditional JJ 3262 111 22 text text NN 3262 111 23 - - HYPH 3262 111 24 based base VBN 3262 111 25 search search NN 3262 111 26 method method NN 3262 111 27 . . . 3262 112 1 One one CD 3262 112 2 of of IN 3262 112 3 the the DT 3262 112 4 earliest early JJS 3262 112 5 examples example NNS 3262 112 6 is be VBZ 3262 112 7 the the DT 3262 112 8 VideoQ videoq JJ 3262 112 9 system system NN 3262 112 10 developed develop VBN 3262 112 11 by by IN 3262 112 12 Chang Chang NNP 3262 112 13 et et FW 3262 112 14 al al NNP 3262 112 15 . . . 3262 113 1 ( ( -LRB- 3262 113 2 1997 1997 CD 3262 113 3 ) ) -RRB- 3262 113 4 of of IN 3262 113 5 Columbia Columbia NNP 3262 113 6 University University NNP 3262 113 7 ( ( -LRB- 3262 113 8 www.ctr.columbia.edu/VideoQ www.ctr.columbia.edu/VideoQ NNP 3262 113 9 ) ) -RRB- 3262 113 10 , , , 3262 113 11 which which WDT 3262 113 12 allows allow VBZ 3262 113 13 a a DT 3262 113 14 user user NN 3262 113 15 to to TO 3262 113 16 search search VB 3262 113 17 video video NN 3262 113 18 based base VBN 3262 113 19 on on IN 3262 113 20 a a DT 3262 113 21 rich rich JJ 3262 113 22 set set NN 3262 113 23 of of IN 3262 113 24 visual visual JJ 3262 113 25 features feature NNS 3262 113 26 and and CC 3262 113 27 spatio spatio NN 3262 113 28 - - HYPH 3262 113 29 temporal temporal JJ 3262 113 30 relationships relationship NNS 3262 113 31 . . . 3262 114 1 The the DT 3262 114 2 video video NN 3262 114 3 clips clip NNS 3262 114 4 in in IN 3262 114 5 the the DT 3262 114 6 data- data- JJ 3262 114 7 base base NN 3262 114 8 are be VBP 3262 114 9 stored store VBN 3262 114 10 as as IN 3262 114 11 MPEG mpeg NN 3262 114 12 files file NNS 3262 114 13 . . . 3262 115 1 Through through IN 3262 115 2 a a DT 3262 115 3 Web web NN 3262 115 4 interface interface NN 3262 115 5 , , , 3262 115 6 the the DT 3262 115 7 user user NN 3262 115 8 can can MD 3262 115 9 formulate formulate VB 3262 115 10 a a DT 3262 115 11 query query NN 3262 115 12 scene scene NN 3262 115 13 as as IN 3262 115 14 a a DT 3262 115 15 collection collection NN 3262 115 16 of of IN 3262 115 17 objects object NNS 3262 115 18 with with IN 3262 115 19 different different JJ 3262 115 20 attributes attribute NNS 3262 115 21 , , , 3262 115 22 including include VBG 3262 115 23 motion motion NN 3262 115 24 , , , 3262 115 25 shape shape NN 3262 115 26 , , , 3262 115 27 color color NN 3262 115 28 , , , 3262 115 29 and and CC 3262 115 30 texture texture NN 3262 115 31 . . . 3262 116 1 Once once IN 3262 116 2 the the DT 3262 116 3 user user NN 3262 116 4 has have VBZ 3262 116 5 formulated formulate VBN 3262 116 6 the the DT 3262 116 7 query query NN 3262 116 8 , , , 3262 116 9 it -PRON- PRP 3262 116 10 is be VBZ 3262 116 11 sent send VBN 3262 116 12 to to IN 3262 116 13 a a DT 3262 116 14 query query NN 3262 116 15 server server NN 3262 116 16 , , , 3262 116 17 which which WDT 3262 116 18 contains contain VBZ 3262 116 19 several several JJ 3262 116 20 databases database NNS 3262 116 21 for for IN 3262 116 22 different different JJ 3262 116 23 content content NN 3262 116 24 features feature NNS 3262 116 25 . . . 3262 117 1 On on IN 3262 117 2 the the DT 3262 117 3 query query NN 3262 117 4 server server NN 3262 117 5 , , , 3262 117 6 the the DT 3262 117 7 similarities similarity NNS 3262 117 8 between between IN 3262 117 9 the the DT 3262 117 10 features feature NNS 3262 117 11 of of IN 3262 117 12 each each DT 3262 117 13 object object NN 3262 117 14 specified specify VBN 3262 117 15 in in IN 3262 117 16 the the DT 3262 117 17 query query NN 3262 117 18 and and CC 3262 117 19 those those DT 3262 117 20 of of IN 3262 117 21 the the DT 3262 117 22 objects object NNS 3262 117 23 in in IN 3262 117 24 the the DT 3262 117 25 database database NN 3262 117 26 are be VBP 3262 117 27 com- com- RB 3262 117 28 puted put VBN 3262 117 29 ; ; : 3262 117 30 a a DT 3262 117 31 list list NN 3262 117 32 of of IN 3262 117 33 video video NN 3262 117 34 clips clip NNS 3262 117 35 is be VBZ 3262 117 36 then then RB 3262 117 37 retrieved retrieve VBN 3262 117 38 based base VBN 3262 117 39 on on IN 3262 117 40 their -PRON- PRP$ 3262 117 41 similarity similarity NN 3262 117 42 values value NNS 3262 117 43 . . . 3262 118 1 For for IN 3262 118 2 each each DT 3262 118 3 of of IN 3262 118 4 these these DT 3262 118 5 video video NN 3262 118 6 clips clip NNS 3262 118 7 , , , 3262 118 8 key key NN 3262 118 9 - - HYPH 3262 118 10 frames frame NNS 3262 118 11 are be VBP 3262 118 12 dynamically dynamically RB 3262 118 13 extracted extract VBN 3262 118 14 from from IN 3262 118 15 the the DT 3262 118 16 video video NN 3262 118 17 database database NN 3262 118 18 and and CC 3262 118 19 returned return VBD 3262 118 20 to to IN 3262 118 21 browser browser NN 3262 118 22 . . . 3262 119 1 The the DT 3262 119 2 matched match VBN 3262 119 3 objects object NNS 3262 119 4 are be VBP 3262 119 5 highlighted highlight VBN 3262 119 6 in in IN 3262 119 7 the the DT 3262 119 8 returned return VBN 3262 119 9 key key NN 3262 119 10 - - HYPH 3262 119 11 frame frame NN 3262 119 12 . . . 3262 120 1 The the DT 3262 120 2 user user NN 3262 120 3 can can MD 3262 120 4 interactively interactively RB 3262 120 5 view view VB 3262 120 6 these these DT 3262 120 7 matched match VBN 3262 120 8 video video NN 3262 120 9 clips clip NNS 3262 120 10 by by IN 3262 120 11 simply simply RB 3262 120 12 clicking click VBG 3262 120 13 on on IN 3262 120 14 the the DT 3262 120 15 key- key- NN 3262 120 16 frame frame NN 3262 120 17 . . . 3262 121 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB 3262 121 2 , , , 3262 121 3 the the DT 3262 121 4 video video NN 3262 121 5 clip clip NN 3262 121 6 corresponding correspond VBG 3262 121 7 to to IN 3262 121 8 that that DT 3262 121 9 key key JJ 3262 121 10 - - HYPH 3262 121 11 frame frame NN 3262 121 12 is be VBZ 3262 121 13 extracted extract VBN 3262 121 14 from from IN 3262 121 15 the the DT 3262 121 16 video video NN 3262 121 17 database database NN 3262 121 18 ( ( -LRB- 3262 121 19 Chang Chang NNP 3262 121 20 et et FW 3262 121 21 al al NNP 3262 121 22 . . . 3262 122 1 1997 1997 CD 3262 122 2 ) ) -RRB- 3262 122 3 . . . 3262 123 1 Figures figure NNS 3262 123 2 5.1–5.2 5.1–5.2 CD 3262 123 3 show show VBP 3262 123 4 an an DT 3262 123 5 example example NN 3262 123 6 of of IN 3262 123 7 a a DT 3262 123 8 visual visual JJ 3262 123 9 search search NN 3262 123 10 through through IN 3262 123 11 the the DT 3262 123 12 VideoQ videoq JJ 3262 123 13 system system NN 3262 123 14 . . . 3262 124 1 Many many JJ 3262 124 2 other other JJ 3262 124 3 CBVR CBVR NNP 3262 124 4 projects project NNS 3262 124 5 also also RB 3262 124 6 examine examine VBP 3262 124 7 these these DT 3262 124 8 content content NN 3262 124 9 features feature NNS 3262 124 10 and and CC 3262 124 11 try try VBP 3262 124 12 to to TO 3262 124 13 find find VB 3262 124 14 more more RBR 3262 124 15 efficient efficient JJ 3262 124 16 ways way NNS 3262 124 17 to to TO 3262 124 18 retrieve retrieve VB 3262 124 19 data datum NNS 3262 124 20 . . . 3262 125 1 A a DT 3262 125 2 recent recent JJ 3262 125 3 example example NN 3262 125 4 is be VBZ 3262 125 5 Wang Wang NNP 3262 125 6 et et NNP 3262 125 7 al al NNP 3262 125 8 . . . 3262 125 9 ’s ’s NNP 3262 125 10 ( ( -LRB- 3262 125 11 2006 2006 CD 3262 125 12 ) ) -RRB- 3262 125 13 project project NN 3262 125 14 , , , 3262 125 15 Vferret Vferret NNP 3262 125 16 , , , 3262 125 17 a a DT 3262 125 18 content content NN 3262 125 19 - - HYPH 3262 125 20 based base VBN 3262 125 21 similarity similarity NN 3262 125 22 search search NN 3262 125 23 tool tool NN 3262 125 24 for for IN 3262 125 25 continu- continu- NNP 3262 125 26 ous ous NNP 3262 125 27 archived archived JJ 3262 125 28 video video NN 3262 125 29 . . . 3262 126 1 The the DT 3262 126 2 Vferret Vferret NNP 3262 126 3 system system NN 3262 126 4 segments segment VBZ 3262 126 5 video video NN 3262 126 6 data datum NNS 3262 126 7 into into IN 3262 126 8 clips clip NNS 3262 126 9 and and CC 3262 126 10 extracts extract VBZ 3262 126 11 both both CC 3262 126 12 visual visual JJ 3262 126 13 and and CC 3262 126 14 audio audio JJ 3262 126 15 features feature NNS 3262 126 16 as as IN 3262 126 17 metadata metadata NN 3262 126 18 . . . 3262 127 1 Then then RB 3262 127 2 a a DT 3262 127 3 user user NN 3262 127 4 can can MD 3262 127 5 do do VB 3262 127 6 a a DT 3262 127 7 metadata metadata NN 3262 127 8 search search NN 3262 127 9 or or CC 3262 127 10 aRtiCLE article CD 3262 127 11 titLE title CD 3262 127 12 | | NNP 3262 127 13 autHoR autHoR NNP 3262 127 14 45ContEnt 45ContEnt NNP 3262 127 15 - - HYPH 3262 127 16 BasED BasED NNP 3262 127 17 inFoRmation information NN 3262 127 18 REtRiEvaL REtRiEvaL NNP 3262 127 19 anD and CC 3262 127 20 DiGitaL DiGitaL NNP 3262 127 21 LiBRaRiEs LiBRaRiEs NNP 3262 127 22 | | NNP 3262 127 23 Wan Wan NNP 3262 127 24 anD and CC 3262 127 25 Liu Liu NNP 3262 127 26 45 45 CD 3262 127 27 content content NN 3262 127 28 - - HYPH 3262 127 29 based base VBN 3262 127 30 search search NN 3262 127 31 to to TO 3262 127 32 retrieve retrieve VB 3262 127 33 desired desire VBN 3262 127 34 video video NN 3262 127 35 clips clip NNS 3262 127 36 . . . 3262 128 1 In in IN 3262 128 2 the the DT 3262 128 3 first first JJ 3262 128 4 stage stage NN 3262 128 5 , , , 3262 128 6 a a DT 3262 128 7 simple simple JJ 3262 128 8 segmentation segmentation NN 3262 128 9 method method NN 3262 128 10 is be VBZ 3262 128 11 used use VBN 3262 128 12 to to TO 3262 128 13 split split VB 3262 128 14 the the DT 3262 128 15 archived archived JJ 3262 128 16 digital digital JJ 3262 128 17 video video NN 3262 128 18 into into IN 3262 128 19 five five CD 3262 128 20 - - HYPH 3262 128 21 minute minute NN 3262 128 22 video video NN 3262 128 23 clips clip NNS 3262 128 24 . . . 3262 129 1 The the DT 3262 129 2 system system NN 3262 129 3 then then RB 3262 129 4 extracts extract VBZ 3262 129 5 twenty twenty CD 3262 129 6 image image NN 3262 129 7 frames frame NNS 3262 129 8 evenly evenly RB 3262 129 9 from from IN 3262 129 10 each each DT 3262 129 11 of of IN 3262 129 12 these these DT 3262 129 13 five five CD 3262 129 14 - - HYPH 3262 129 15 minute minute NN 3262 129 16 video video NN 3262 129 17 clips clip NNS 3262 129 18 for for IN 3262 129 19 visual visual JJ 3262 129 20 feature feature NN 3262 129 21 extraction extraction NN 3262 129 22 . . . 3262 130 1 Additionally additionally RB 3262 130 2 , , , 3262 130 3 the the DT 3262 130 4 system system NN 3262 130 5 splits split VBZ 3262 130 6 the the DT 3262 130 7 audio audio JJ 3262 130 8 channel channel NN 3262 130 9 of of IN 3262 130 10 each each DT 3262 130 11 clip clip NN 3262 130 12 into into IN 3262 130 13 twenty twenty CD 3262 130 14 individual individual JJ 3262 130 15 fifteen- fifteen- NN 3262 130 16 second second JJ 3262 130 17 segments segment NNS 3262 130 18 for for IN 3262 130 19 further further JJ 3262 130 20 audio audio JJ 3262 130 21 feature feature NN 3262 130 22 extraction extraction NN 3262 130 23 . . . 3262 131 1 In in IN 3262 131 2 the the DT 3262 131 3 second second JJ 3262 131 4 stage stage NN 3262 131 5 , , , 3262 131 6 both both CC 3262 131 7 audio audio JJ 3262 131 8 and and CC 3262 131 9 visual visual JJ 3262 131 10 features feature NNS 3262 131 11 are be VBP 3262 131 12 extracted extract VBN 3262 131 13 . . . 3262 132 1 For for IN 3262 132 2 visual visual JJ 3262 132 3 features feature NNS 3262 132 4 , , , 3262 132 5 the the DT 3262 132 6 color color NN 3262 132 7 element element NN 3262 132 8 is be VBZ 3262 132 9 used use VBN 3262 132 10 as as IN 3262 132 11 the the DT 3262 132 12 content content NN 3262 132 13 feature feature NN 3262 132 14 . . . 3262 133 1 For for IN 3262 133 2 audio audio JJ 3262 133 3 features feature NNS 3262 133 4 , , , 3262 133 5 154 154 CD 3262 133 6 audio audio NN 3262 133 7 fea- fea- : 3262 133 8 tures ture NNS 3262 133 9 originally originally RB 3262 133 10 used use VBN 3262 133 11 by by IN 3262 133 12 Ellis Ellis NNP 3262 133 13 and and CC 3262 133 14 Lee Lee NNP 3262 133 15 ( ( -LRB- 3262 133 16 2004 2004 CD 3262 133 17 ) ) -RRB- 3262 133 18 to to TO 3262 133 19 describe describe VB 3262 133 20 audio audio JJ 3262 133 21 segments segment NNS 3262 133 22 are be VBP 3262 133 23 computed compute VBN 3262 133 24 . . . 3262 134 1 For for IN 3262 134 2 each each DT 3262 134 3 fifteen fifteen CD 3262 134 4 - - HYPH 3262 134 5 second second JJ 3262 134 6 video video NN 3262 134 7 segment segment NN 3262 134 8 , , , 3262 134 9 the the DT 3262 134 10 visual visual JJ 3262 134 11 feature feature NN 3262 134 12 vector vector NN 3262 134 13 extracted extract VBN 3262 134 14 from from IN 3262 134 15 the the DT 3262 134 16 sample sample NN 3262 134 17 image image NN 3262 134 18 and and CC 3262 134 19 the the DT 3262 134 20 audio audio JJ 3262 134 21 feature feature NN 3262 134 22 vector vector NN 3262 134 23 extracted extract VBN 3262 134 24 from from IN 3262 134 25 the the DT 3262 134 26 corresponding corresponding JJ 3262 134 27 audio audio NN 3262 134 28 segment segment NN 3262 134 29 are be VBP 3262 134 30 combined combine VBN 3262 134 31 into into IN 3262 134 32 a a DT 3262 134 33 single single JJ 3262 134 34 feature feature NN 3262 134 35 vector vector NN 3262 134 36 . . . 3262 135 1 In in IN 3262 135 2 the the DT 3262 135 3 information information NN 3262 135 4 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 135 5 stage stage NN 3262 135 6 , , , 3262 135 7 the the DT 3262 135 8 user user NN 3262 135 9 submits submit VBZ 3262 135 10 a a DT 3262 135 11 video video NN 3262 135 12 clip clip NN 3262 135 13 query query NN 3262 135 14 at at IN 3262 135 15 first first RB 3262 135 16 , , , 3262 135 17 then then RB 3262 135 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 3262 135 19 feature feature NN 3262 135 20 vector vector NN 3262 135 21 is be VBZ 3262 135 22 computed compute VBN 3262 135 23 and and CC 3262 135 24 compared compare VBN 3262 135 25 with with IN 3262 135 26 that that DT 3262 135 27 of of IN 3262 135 28 video video NN 3262 135 29 clips clip NNS 3262 135 30 in in IN 3262 135 31 the the DT 3262 135 32 database database NN 3262 135 33 , , , 3262 135 34 and and CC 3262 135 35 the the DT 3262 135 36 most most RBS 3262 135 37 similar similar JJ 3262 135 38 clips clip NNS 3262 135 39 are be VBP 3262 135 40 retrieved retrieve VBN 3262 135 41 ( ( -LRB- 3262 135 42 Wang Wang NNP 3262 135 43 et et NNP 3262 135 44 al al NNP 3262 135 45 . . . 3262 136 1 2006 2006 CD 3262 136 2 ) ) -RRB- 3262 136 3 . . . 3262 137 1 Similar similar JJ 3262 137 2 projects project NNS 3262 137 3 in in IN 3262 137 4 this this DT 3262 137 5 area area NN 3262 137 6 include include VBP 3262 137 7 Carnegie Carnegie NNP 3262 137 8 Mellon Mellon NNP 3262 137 9 University University NNP 3262 137 10 ’s ’s POS 3262 137 11 Informedia Informedia NNP 3262 137 12 Digital Digital NNP 3262 137 13 Video Video NNP 3262 137 14 Library Library NNP 3262 137 15 ( ( -LRB- 3262 137 16 www www NNP 3262 137 17 . . . 3262 138 1 informedia.cs.cmu.edu informedia.cs.cmu.edu NFP 3262 138 2 ) ) -RRB- 3262 138 3 and and CC 3262 138 4 MUVIS MUVIS NNP 3262 138 5 of of IN 3262 138 6 Finland Finland NNP 3262 138 7 ’s ’s , 3262 138 8 Tampere Tampere NNP 3262 138 9 University University NNP 3262 138 10 of of IN 3262 138 11 Technology Technology NNP 3262 138 12 ( ( -LRB- 3262 138 13 http://muvis.cs.tut.fi/index http://muvis.cs.tut.fi/index ADD 3262 138 14 . . . 3262 139 1 html html NNP 3262 139 2 ) ) -RRB- 3262 139 3 . . . 3262 140 1 Content content NN 3262 140 2 - - HYPH 3262 140 3 based base VBN 3262 140 4 information information NN 3262 140 5 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 140 6 for for IN 3262 140 7 other other JJ 3262 140 8 digital digital JJ 3262 140 9 formats format NNS 3262 140 10 With with IN 3262 140 11 the the DT 3262 140 12 advance advance NN 3262 140 13 of of IN 3262 140 14 digitization digitization NN 3262 140 15 technology technology NN 3262 140 16 , , , 3262 140 17 the the DT 3262 140 18 content content NN 3262 140 19 and and CC 3262 140 20 formats format NNS 3262 140 21 of of IN 3262 140 22 digital digital JJ 3262 140 23 libraries library NNS 3262 140 24 are be VBP 3262 140 25 much much RB 3262 140 26 richer rich JJR 3262 140 27 than than IN 3262 140 28 before before RB 3262 140 29 . . . 3262 141 1 They -PRON- PRP 3262 141 2 are be VBP 3262 141 3 not not RB 3262 141 4 limited limit VBN 3262 141 5 to to IN 3262 141 6 text text NN 3262 141 7 , , , 3262 141 8 image image NN 3262 141 9 , , , 3262 141 10 audio audio NN 3262 141 11 , , , 3262 141 12 and and CC 3262 141 13 video video NN 3262 141 14 . . . 3262 142 1 Some some DT 3262 142 2 new new JJ 3262 142 3 formats format NNS 3262 142 4 of of IN 3262 142 5 digital digital JJ 3262 142 6 content content NN 3262 142 7 are be VBP 3262 142 8 emerging emerge VBG 3262 142 9 . . . 3262 143 1 Digital digital JJ 3262 143 2 libraries library NNS 3262 143 3 of of IN 3262 143 4 3-D 3-d CD 3262 143 5 objects object NNS 3262 143 6 are be VBP 3262 143 7 good good JJ 3262 143 8 examples example NNS 3262 143 9 . . . 3262 144 1 Since since IN 3262 144 2 3-D 3-d CD 3262 144 3 models model NNS 3262 144 4 have have VBP 3262 144 5 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 3262 144 6 topologies topology NNS 3262 144 7 and and CC 3262 144 8 can- can- JJS 3262 144 9 not not RB 3262 144 10 be be VB 3262 144 11 easily easily RB 3262 144 12 “ " `` 3262 144 13 parameterized parameterize VBN 3262 144 14 ” " '' 3262 144 15 using use VBG 3262 144 16 a a DT 3262 144 17 standard standard JJ 3262 144 18 template template NN 3262 144 19 as as IN 3262 144 20 in in IN 3262 144 21 the the DT 3262 144 22 case case NN 3262 144 23 for for IN 3262 144 24 2-D 2-d CD 3262 144 25 forms form NNS 3262 144 26 ( ( -LRB- 3262 144 27 Bustos Bustos NNP 3262 144 28 et et NNP 3262 144 29 al al NNP 3262 144 30 . . . 3262 145 1 2005 2005 CD 3262 145 2 ) ) -RRB- 3262 145 3 , , , 3262 145 4 content- content- NNP 3262 145 5 based base VBN 3262 145 6 3-D 3-d CD 3262 145 7 model model NN 3262 145 8 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 145 9 is be VBZ 3262 145 10 a a DT 3262 145 11 more more RBR 3262 145 12 challenging challenging JJ 3262 145 13 research research NN 3262 145 14 topic topic NN 3262 145 15 than than IN 3262 145 16 other other JJ 3262 145 17 multimedia multimedia NNS 3262 145 18 formats format NNS 3262 145 19 discussed discuss VBN 3262 145 20 earlier early RBR 3262 145 21 . . . 3262 146 1 So so RB 3262 146 2 far far RB 3262 146 3 , , , 3262 146 4 four four CD 3262 146 5 types type NNS 3262 146 6 of of IN 3262 146 7 solutions solution NNS 3262 146 8 — — : 3262 146 9 primitive primitive NN 3262 146 10 - - HYPH 3262 146 11 based base VBN 3262 146 12 , , , 3262 146 13 statis- statis- NNP 3262 146 14 tics tics NNP 3262 146 15 - - HYPH 3262 146 16 based base VBN 3262 146 17 , , , 3262 146 18 geometry geometry NN 3262 146 19 - - HYPH 3262 146 20 based base VBN 3262 146 21 , , , 3262 146 22 and and CC 3262 146 23 view view NN 3262 146 24 - - HYPH 3262 146 25 based base VBN 3262 146 26 — — : 3262 146 27 have have VBP 3262 146 28 been be VBN 3262 146 29 found find VBN 3262 146 30 ( ( -LRB- 3262 146 31 Bimbo Bimbo NNP 3262 146 32 and and CC 3262 146 33 Pala Pala NNP 3262 146 34 2006 2006 CD 3262 146 35 ) ) -RRB- 3262 146 36 . . . 3262 147 1 Primitive primitive NN 3262 147 2 - - HYPH 3262 147 3 based base VBN 3262 147 4 solutions solution NNS 3262 147 5 represent represent VBP 3262 147 6 3-D 3-d CD 3262 147 7 objects object NNS 3262 147 8 with with IN 3262 147 9 a a DT 3262 147 10 basic basic JJ 3262 147 11 set set NN 3262 147 12 of of IN 3262 147 13 parameterized parameterize VBN 3262 147 14 primitive primitive JJ 3262 147 15 elements element NNS 3262 147 16 . . . 3262 148 1 Parameters parameter NNS 3262 148 2 are be VBP 3262 148 3 used use VBN 3262 148 4 to to TO 3262 148 5 control control VB 3262 148 6 the the DT 3262 148 7 shape shape NN 3262 148 8 of of IN 3262 148 9 each each DT 3262 148 10 primitive primitive JJ 3262 148 11 element element NN 3262 148 12 and and CC 3262 148 13 to to TO 3262 148 14 fit fit VB 3262 148 15 each each DT 3262 148 16 primitive primitive JJ 3262 148 17 element element NN 3262 148 18 with with IN 3262 148 19 a a DT 3262 148 20 part part NN 3262 148 21 of of IN 3262 148 22 the the DT 3262 148 23 model model NN 3262 148 24 . . . 3262 149 1 With with IN 3262 149 2 statistics statistic NNS 3262 149 3 - - HYPH 3262 149 4 based base VBN 3262 149 5 approaches approach NNS 3262 149 6 , , , 3262 149 7 shape shape NN 3262 149 8 descriptions description NNS 3262 149 9 based base VBN 3262 149 10 on on IN 3262 149 11 statistical statistical JJ 3262 149 12 mod- mod- NN 3262 149 13 Figure Figure NNP 3262 149 14 5.1 5.1 CD 3262 149 15 . . . 3262 150 1 The the DT 3262 150 2 user user NN 3262 150 3 composes compose VBZ 3262 150 4 a a DT 3262 150 5 query query NN 3262 150 6 Figure figure NN 3262 150 7 5.2 5.2 CD 3262 150 8 . . . 3262 151 1 Search search NN 3262 151 2 results result NNS 3262 151 3 for for IN 3262 151 4 the the DT 3262 151 5 sample sample NN 3262 151 6 query query NN 3262 151 7 46 46 CD 3262 151 8 inFoRmation information NN 3262 151 9 tECHnoLoGY tECHnoLoGY : 3262 151 10 anD and CC 3262 151 11 LiBRaRiEs LiBRaRiEs NNP 3262 151 12 | | NNP 3262 151 13 maRCH maRCH VBZ 3262 151 14 200846 200846 CD 3262 151 15 inFoRmation information NN 3262 151 16 tECHnoLoGY tECHnoLoGY : 3262 151 17 anD and CC 3262 151 18 LiBRaRiEs LiBRaRiEs NNP 3262 151 19 | | NNP 3262 151 20 maRCH march CD 3262 151 21 2008 2008 CD 3262 151 22 els el NNS 3262 151 23 are be VBP 3262 151 24 created create VBN 3262 151 25 and and CC 3262 151 26 measured measure VBN 3262 151 27 . . . 3262 152 1 Geometry geometry NN 3262 152 2 - - HYPH 3262 152 3 based base VBN 3262 152 4 methods method NNS 3262 152 5 , , , 3262 152 6 however however RB 3262 152 7 , , , 3262 152 8 use use VB 3262 152 9 geometric geometric JJ 3262 152 10 properties property NNS 3262 152 11 of of IN 3262 152 12 the the DT 3262 152 13 3-D 3-d CD 3262 152 14 object object NN 3262 152 15 and and CC 3262 152 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 3262 152 17 measures measure NNS 3262 152 18 as as IN 3262 152 19 global global JJ 3262 152 20 shape shape NN 3262 152 21 descriptors descriptor NNS 3262 152 22 . . . 3262 153 1 For for IN 3262 153 2 view- view- JJ 3262 153 3 based base VBN 3262 153 4 solutions solution NNS 3262 153 5 , , , 3262 153 6 a a DT 3262 153 7 set set NN 3262 153 8 of of IN 3262 153 9 2-D 2-d CD 3262 153 10 views view NNS 3262 153 11 of of IN 3262 153 12 the the DT 3262 153 13 model model NN 3262 153 14 and and CC 3262 153 15 descriptors descriptor NNS 3262 153 16 of of IN 3262 153 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 3262 153 18 content content NN 3262 153 19 are be VBP 3262 153 20 used use VBN 3262 153 21 to to TO 3262 153 22 represent represent VB 3262 153 23 the the DT 3262 153 24 3-D 3-d CD 3262 153 25 object object NN 3262 153 26 shape shape NN 3262 153 27 ( ( -LRB- 3262 153 28 Bimbo Bimbo NNP 3262 153 29 and and CC 3262 153 30 Pala Pala NNP 3262 153 31 2006 2006 CD 3262 153 32 ) ) -RRB- 3262 153 33 . . . 3262 154 1 Another another DT 3262 154 2 novel novel JJ 3262 154 3 example example NN 3262 154 4 is be VBZ 3262 154 5 Moustakas Moustakas NNP 3262 154 6 et et FW 3262 154 7 al al NNP 3262 154 8 . . . 3262 154 9 ’s ’s '' 3262 154 10 ( ( -LRB- 3262 154 11 2005 2005 CD 3262 154 12 ) ) -RRB- 3262 154 13 project project NN 3262 154 14 on on IN 3262 154 15 3-D 3-d CD 3262 154 16 model model NN 3262 154 17 search search NN 3262 154 18 using use VBG 3262 154 19 sketches sketch NNS 3262 154 20 . . . 3262 155 1 In in IN 3262 155 2 the the DT 3262 155 3 experimental experimental JJ 3262 155 4 system system NN 3262 155 5 , , , 3262 155 6 the the DT 3262 155 7 vector vector NN 3262 155 8 of of IN 3262 155 9 geometrical geometrical JJ 3262 155 10 descrip- descrip- XX 3262 155 11 tors tor NNS 3262 155 12 for for IN 3262 155 13 each each DT 3262 155 14 3-D 3-d CD 3262 155 15 model model NN 3262 155 16 is be VBZ 3262 155 17 calculated calculate VBN 3262 155 18 during during IN 3262 155 19 the the DT 3262 155 20 feature feature NN 3262 155 21 extraction extraction NN 3262 155 22 stage stage NN 3262 155 23 . . . 3262 156 1 In in IN 3262 156 2 the the DT 3262 156 3 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 156 4 stage stage NN 3262 156 5 , , , 3262 156 6 a a DT 3262 156 7 user user NN 3262 156 8 can can MD 3262 156 9 ini- ini- VB 3262 156 10 tially tially RB 3262 156 11 use use VB 3262 156 12 one one CD 3262 156 13 of of IN 3262 156 14 the the DT 3262 156 15 sketching sketch VBG 3262 156 16 interfaces interface NNS 3262 156 17 ( ( -LRB- 3262 156 18 such such JJ 3262 156 19 as as IN 3262 156 20 the the DT 3262 156 21 virtual virtual JJ 3262 156 22 reality reality NN 3262 156 23 interface interface NN 3262 156 24 or or CC 3262 156 25 by by IN 3262 156 26 using use VBG 3262 156 27 an an DT 3262 156 28 air air NN 3262 156 29 mouse mouse NN 3262 156 30 ) ) -RRB- 3262 156 31 to to TO 3262 156 32 sketch sketch VB 3262 156 33 a a DT 3262 156 34 2-D 2-d CD 3262 156 35 contour contour NN 3262 156 36 of of IN 3262 156 37 the the DT 3262 156 38 desired desire VBN 3262 156 39 3-D 3-d CD 3262 156 40 object object NN 3262 156 41 . . . 3262 157 1 The the DT 3262 157 2 2-D 2-d CD 3262 157 3 shape shape NN 3262 157 4 is be VBZ 3262 157 5 recognized recognize VBN 3262 157 6 by by IN 3262 157 7 the the DT 3262 157 8 system system NN 3262 157 9 , , , 3262 157 10 and and CC 3262 157 11 a a DT 3262 157 12 sample sample NN 3262 157 13 primi- primi- NN 3262 157 14 tive tive JJ 3262 157 15 is be VBZ 3262 157 16 automatically automatically RB 3262 157 17 inserted insert VBN 3262 157 18 in in IN 3262 157 19 the the DT 3262 157 20 scene scene NN 3262 157 21 . . . 3262 158 1 Next next RB 3262 158 2 , , , 3262 158 3 the the DT 3262 158 4 user user NN 3262 158 5 defines define VBZ 3262 158 6 other other JJ 3262 158 7 elements element NNS 3262 158 8 that that WDT 3262 158 9 can can MD 3262 158 10 not not RB 3262 158 11 be be VB 3262 158 12 described describe VBN 3262 158 13 by by IN 3262 158 14 the the DT 3262 158 15 2-D 2-d CD 3262 158 16 contour contour NN 3262 158 17 , , , 3262 158 18 such such JJ 3262 158 19 as as IN 3262 158 20 the the DT 3262 158 21 height height NN 3262 158 22 of of IN 3262 158 23 the the DT 3262 158 24 object object NN 3262 158 25 , , , 3262 158 26 and and CC 3262 158 27 manip- manip- JJ 3262 158 28 ulates ulate NNS 3262 158 29 the the DT 3262 158 30 2-D 2-d CD 3262 158 31 contour contour NN 3262 158 32 until until IN 3262 158 33 it -PRON- PRP 3262 158 34 reaches reach VBZ 3262 158 35 its -PRON- PRP$ 3262 158 36 target target NN 3262 158 37 position position NN 3262 158 38 . . . 3262 159 1 The the DT 3262 159 2 final final JJ 3262 159 3 query query NN 3262 159 4 is be VBZ 3262 159 5 formed form VBN 3262 159 6 after after IN 3262 159 7 all all PDT 3262 159 8 the the DT 3262 159 9 primitives primitive NNS 3262 159 10 are be VBP 3262 159 11 inserted insert VBN 3262 159 12 . . . 3262 160 1 Finally finally RB 3262 160 2 , , , 3262 160 3 the the DT 3262 160 4 system system NN 3262 160 5 computes compute VBZ 3262 160 6 the the DT 3262 160 7 similarities similarity NNS 3262 160 8 between between IN 3262 160 9 the the DT 3262 160 10 query query NN 3262 160 11 model model NN 3262 160 12 and and CC 3262 160 13 each each DT 3262 160 14 3-D 3-d CD 3262 160 15 model model NN 3262 160 16 in in IN 3262 160 17 the the DT 3262 160 18 database database NN 3262 160 19 , , , 3262 160 20 and and CC 3262 160 21 renders render VBZ 3262 160 22 the the DT 3262 160 23 best good JJS 3262 160 24 matching matching NN 3262 160 25 records record NNS 3262 160 26 . . . 3262 161 1 An an DT 3262 161 2 online online JJ 3262 161 3 demonstration demonstration NN 3262 161 4 can can MD 3262 161 5 be be VB 3262 161 6 found find VBN 3262 161 7 for for IN 3262 161 8 a a DT 3262 161 9 European european JJ 3262 161 10 project project NN 3262 161 11 specifically specifically RB 3262 161 12 designed design VBN 3262 161 13 for for IN 3262 161 14 a a DT 3262 161 15 3-D 3-d CD 3262 161 16 digital digital NNP 3262 161 17 museum museum NN 3262 161 18 col- col- NN 3262 161 19 lection lection NN 3262 161 20 , , , 3262 161 21 SCULPTEUR SCULPTEUR NNP 3262 161 22 ( ( -LRB- 3262 161 23 www.sculpteurweb.org www.sculpteurweb.org NN 3262 161 24 ) ) -RRB- 3262 161 25 . . . 3262 162 1 From from IN 3262 162 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 3262 162 3 Web web NN 3262 162 4 - - HYPH 3262 162 5 based base VBN 3262 162 6 search search NN 3262 162 7 interface interface NN 3262 162 8 , , , 3262 162 9 a a DT 3262 162 10 user user NN 3262 162 11 can can MD 3262 162 12 choose choose VB 3262 162 13 to to TO 3262 162 14 do do VB 3262 162 15 a a DT 3262 162 16 meta- meta- JJ 3262 162 17 data data NN 3262 162 18 search search NN 3262 162 19 or or CC 3262 162 20 content content NN 3262 162 21 - - HYPH 3262 162 22 based base VBN 3262 162 23 search search NN 3262 162 24 for for IN 3262 162 25 a a DT 3262 162 26 3-D 3-d CD 3262 162 27 object object NN 3262 162 28 . . . 3262 163 1 The the DT 3262 163 2 search search NN 3262 163 3 strategy strategy NN 3262 163 4 here here RB 3262 163 5 is be VBZ 3262 163 6 somewhat somewhat RB 3262 163 7 similar similar JJ 3262 163 8 to to IN 3262 163 9 that that DT 3262 163 10 in in IN 3262 163 11 some some DT 3262 163 12 CBIR CBIR NNP 3262 163 13 systems system NNS 3262 163 14 : : : 3262 163 15 the the DT 3262 163 16 user user NN 3262 163 17 can can MD 3262 163 18 upload upload VB 3262 163 19 a a DT 3262 163 20 3-D 3-d CD 3262 163 21 model model NN 3262 163 22 in in IN 3262 163 23 VRML VRML NNP 3262 163 24 formats format NNS 3262 163 25 , , , 3262 163 26 then then RB 3262 163 27 select select VB 3262 163 28 a a DT 3262 163 29 search search NN 3262 163 30 algorithm algorithm NN 3262 163 31 ( ( -LRB- 3262 163 32 such such JJ 3262 163 33 as as IN 3262 163 34 similar similar JJ 3262 163 35 color color NN 3262 163 36 , , , 3262 163 37 texture texture NN 3262 163 38 , , , 3262 163 39 etc etc FW 3262 163 40 . . . 3262 163 41 ) ) -RRB- 3262 164 1 to to TO 3262 164 2 perform perform VB 3262 164 3 a a DT 3262 164 4 search search NN 3262 164 5 within within IN 3262 164 6 a a DT 3262 164 7 digital digital JJ 3262 164 8 collection collection NN 3262 164 9 of of IN 3262 164 10 3-D 3-d CD 3262 164 11 models model NNS 3262 164 12 . . . 3262 165 1 As as IN 3262 165 2 3-D 3-d CD 3262 165 3 computer computer NN 3262 165 4 visualization visualization NN 3262 165 5 has have VBZ 3262 165 6 been be VBN 3262 165 7 widely widely RB 3262 165 8 used use VBN 3262 165 9 in in IN 3262 165 10 a a DT 3262 165 11 variety variety NN 3262 165 12 of of IN 3262 165 13 areas area NNS 3262 165 14 , , , 3262 165 15 there there EX 3262 165 16 are be VBP 3262 165 17 more more JJR 3262 165 18 research research NN 3262 165 19 projects project NNS 3262 165 20 focusing focus VBG 3262 165 21 on on IN 3262 165 22 the the DT 3262 165 23 content content NN 3262 165 24 - - HYPH 3262 165 25 based base VBN 3262 165 26 informa- informa- JJ 3262 165 27 tion tion NN 3262 165 28 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 165 29 techniques technique NNS 3262 165 30 for for IN 3262 165 31 this this DT 3262 165 32 new new JJ 3262 165 33 multimedia multimedia NNS 3262 165 34 format format NN 3262 165 35 . . . 3262 166 1 ■ ■ NFP 3262 166 2 Conclusion Conclusion NNP 3262 166 3 There there EX 3262 166 4 is be VBZ 3262 166 5 no no DT 3262 166 6 doubt doubt NN 3262 166 7 that that IN 3262 166 8 content content NN 3262 166 9 - - HYPH 3262 166 10 based base VBN 3262 166 11 information information NN 3262 166 12 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 166 13 technology technology NN 3262 166 14 is be VBZ 3262 166 15 an an DT 3262 166 16 emerging emerge VBG 3262 166 17 trend trend NN 3262 166 18 for for IN 3262 166 19 digital digital JJ 3262 166 20 library library NN 3262 166 21 development development NN 3262 166 22 and and CC 3262 166 23 will will MD 3262 166 24 be be VB 3262 166 25 an an DT 3262 166 26 important important JJ 3262 166 27 comple- comple- NN 3262 166 28 ment ment JJ 3262 166 29 to to IN 3262 166 30 the the DT 3262 166 31 traditional traditional JJ 3262 166 32 text text NN 3262 166 33 - - HYPH 3262 166 34 based base VBN 3262 166 35 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 166 36 technology technology NN 3262 166 37 . . . 3262 167 1 The the DT 3262 167 2 ideal ideal JJ 3262 167 3 CBIR CBIR NNP 3262 167 4 system system NN 3262 167 5 can can MD 3262 167 6 semantically semantically RB 3262 167 7 understand understand VB 3262 167 8 the the DT 3262 167 9 information information NN 3262 167 10 in in IN 3262 167 11 a a DT 3262 167 12 digital digital JJ 3262 167 13 library library NN 3262 167 14 , , , 3262 167 15 and and CC 3262 167 16 render render VB 3262 167 17 users user NNS 3262 167 18 the the DT 3262 167 19 most most RBS 3262 167 20 desirable desirable JJ 3262 167 21 data datum NNS 3262 167 22 . . . 3262 168 1 However however RB 3262 168 2 , , , 3262 168 3 the the DT 3262 168 4 machine machine NN 3262 168 5 understand- understand- NNP 3262 168 6 ing ing NNP 3262 168 7 of of IN 3262 168 8 semantic semantic JJ 3262 168 9 information information NN 3262 168 10 still still RB 3262 168 11 remains remain VBZ 3262 168 12 to to TO 3262 168 13 be be VB 3262 168 14 a a DT 3262 168 15 great great JJ 3262 168 16 difficulty difficulty NN 3262 168 17 . . . 3262 169 1 Therefore therefore RB 3262 169 2 , , , 3262 169 3 most most JJS 3262 169 4 current current JJ 3262 169 5 research research NN 3262 169 6 projects project NNS 3262 169 7 , , , 3262 169 8 including include VBG 3262 169 9 those those DT 3262 169 10 discussed discuss VBN 3262 169 11 in in IN 3262 169 12 this this DT 3262 169 13 paper paper NN 3262 169 14 , , , 3262 169 15 deal deal VBP 3262 169 16 with with IN 3262 169 17 the the DT 3262 169 18 understanding understanding NN 3262 169 19 and and CC 3262 169 20 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 169 21 of of IN 3262 169 22 lower low JJR 3262 169 23 - - HYPH 3262 169 24 level level NN 3262 169 25 features feature NNS 3262 169 26 or or CC 3262 169 27 physical physical JJ 3262 169 28 features feature NNS 3262 169 29 of of IN 3262 169 30 multimedia multimedia NNS 3262 169 31 content content NN 3262 169 32 . . . 3262 170 1 Certainly certainly RB 3262 170 2 , , , 3262 170 3 as as IN 3262 170 4 related related JJ 3262 170 5 disciplines discipline NNS 3262 170 6 such such JJ 3262 170 7 as as IN 3262 170 8 computer computer NN 3262 170 9 vision vision NN 3262 170 10 and and CC 3262 170 11 artificial artificial JJ 3262 170 12 intelligence intelligence NN 3262 170 13 keep keep VBP 3262 170 14 developing develop VBG 3262 170 15 , , , 3262 170 16 more more JJR 3262 170 17 researches research NNS 3262 170 18 will will MD 3262 170 19 be be VB 3262 170 20 done do VBN 3262 170 21 on on IN 3262 170 22 higher high JJR 3262 170 23 - - HYPH 3262 170 24 level level NN 3262 170 25 feature feature NN 3262 170 26 - - HYPH 3262 170 27 based base VBN 3262 170 28 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 170 29 . . . 3262 171 1 In in IN 3262 171 2 addition addition NN 3262 171 3 , , , 3262 171 4 the the DT 3262 171 5 growing grow VBG 3262 171 6 varieties variety NNS 3262 171 7 of of IN 3262 171 8 multimedia multimedia NNS 3262 171 9 content content NN 3262 171 10 in in IN 3262 171 11 digital digital JJ 3262 171 12 libraries library NNS 3262 171 13 have have VBP 3262 171 14 also also RB 3262 171 15 brought bring VBN 3262 171 16 many many JJ 3262 171 17 new new JJ 3262 171 18 challenges challenge NNS 3262 171 19 . . . 3262 172 1 For for IN 3262 172 2 instance instance NN 3262 172 3 , , , 3262 172 4 3-D 3-d CD 3262 172 5 models model NNS 3262 172 6 now now RB 3262 172 7 become become VBP 3262 172 8 impor- impor- JJ 3262 172 9 tant tant JJ 3262 172 10 components component NNS 3262 172 11 of of IN 3262 172 12 many many JJ 3262 172 13 digital digital JJ 3262 172 14 libraries library NNS 3262 172 15 and and CC 3262 172 16 museums museum NNS 3262 172 17 . . . 3262 173 1 Content content NN 3262 173 2 - - HYPH 3262 173 3 based base VBN 3262 173 4 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 173 5 technology technology NN 3262 173 6 can can MD 3262 173 7 be be VB 3262 173 8 a a DT 3262 173 9 good good JJ 3262 173 10 direc- direc- NN 3262 173 11 tion tion NN 3262 173 12 for for IN 3262 173 13 this this DT 3262 173 14 type type NN 3262 173 15 of of IN 3262 173 16 content content NN 3262 173 17 , , , 3262 173 18 since since IN 3262 173 19 the the DT 3262 173 20 shapes shape NNS 3262 173 21 of of IN 3262 173 22 these these DT 3262 173 23 3-D 3-d CD 3262 173 24 objects object NNS 3262 173 25 are be VBP 3262 173 26 often often RB 3262 173 27 found find VBN 3262 173 28 more more RBR 3262 173 29 effectively effectively RB 3262 173 30 if if IN 3262 173 31 the the DT 3262 173 32 user user NN 3262 173 33 can can MD 3262 173 34 compose compose VB 3262 173 35 the the DT 3262 173 36 query query NN 3262 173 37 visually visually RB 3262 173 38 . . . 3262 174 1 New new JJ 3262 174 2 CBIR CBIR NNP 3262 174 3 approaches approach NNS 3262 174 4 need need VBP 3262 174 5 to to TO 3262 174 6 be be VB 3262 174 7 developed develop VBN 3262 174 8 for for IN 3262 174 9 these these DT 3262 174 10 novel novel JJ 3262 174 11 formats format NNS 3262 174 12 . . . 3262 175 1 Furthermore furthermore RB 3262 175 2 , , , 3262 175 3 most most JJS 3262 175 4 CBIR CBIR NNP 3262 175 5 projects project NNS 3262 175 6 today today NN 3262 175 7 tend tend VBP 3262 175 8 to to TO 3262 175 9 be be VB 3262 175 10 Web web NN 3262 175 11 - - HYPH 3262 175 12 based base VBN 3262 175 13 . . . 3262 176 1 By by IN 3262 176 2 contrast contrast NN 3262 176 3 , , , 3262 176 4 many many JJ 3262 176 5 project project NN 3262 176 6 were be VBD 3262 176 7 based base VBN 3262 176 8 on on IN 3262 176 9 client client NN 3262 176 10 applications application NNS 3262 176 11 in in IN 3262 176 12 the the DT 3262 176 13 1990s 1990s CD 3262 176 14 . . . 3262 177 1 These these DT 3262 177 2 Web web NN 3262 177 3 - - HYPH 3262 177 4 based base VBN 3262 177 5 CBIR CBIR NNP 3262 177 6 tools tool NNS 3262 177 7 will will MD 3262 177 8 have have VB 3262 177 9 significant significant JJ 3262 177 10 influence influence NN 3262 177 11 on on IN 3262 177 12 digital digital JJ 3262 177 13 libraries library NNS 3262 177 14 or or CC 3262 177 15 repositories repository NNS 3262 177 16 , , , 3262 177 17 as as IN 3262 177 18 most most JJS 3262 177 19 of of IN 3262 177 20 them -PRON- PRP 3262 177 21 are be VBP 3262 177 22 also also RB 3262 177 23 Web web NN 3262 177 24 - - HYPH 3262 177 25 based base VBN 3262 177 26 . . . 3262 178 1 Particularly particularly RB 3262 178 2 in in IN 3262 178 3 the the DT 3262 178 4 age age NN 3262 178 5 of of IN 3262 178 6 Web web NN 3262 178 7 2.0 2.0 CD 3262 178 8 , , , 3262 178 9 some some DT 3262 178 10 large large JJ 3262 178 11 digital digital JJ 3262 178 12 repositories repository NNS 3262 178 13 — — : 3262 178 14 such such JJ 3262 178 15 as as IN 3262 178 16 Flickr Flickr NNP 3262 178 17 for for IN 3262 178 18 images image NNS 3262 178 19 and and CC 3262 178 20 YouTube YouTube NNP 3262 178 21 and and CC 3262 178 22 Google Google NNP 3262 178 23 Video Video NNP 3262 178 24 for for IN 3262 178 25 video video NN 3262 178 26 — — : 3262 178 27 are be VBP 3262 178 28 changing change VBG 3262 178 29 people people NNS 3262 178 30 ’s ’s POS 3262 178 31 daily daily JJ 3262 178 32 lives life NNS 3262 178 33 . . . 3262 179 1 The the DT 3262 179 2 implementation implementation NN 3262 179 3 of of IN 3262 179 4 CBIR CBIR NNP 3262 179 5 will will MD 3262 179 6 be be VB 3262 179 7 a a DT 3262 179 8 great great JJ 3262 179 9 benefit benefit NN 3262 179 10 to to IN 3262 179 11 millions million NNS 3262 179 12 of of IN 3262 179 13 users user NNS 3262 179 14 . . . 3262 180 1 Since since IN 3262 180 2 the the DT 3262 180 3 nature nature NN 3262 180 4 of of IN 3262 180 5 CBIR CBIR NNP 3262 180 6 is be VBZ 3262 180 7 to to TO 3262 180 8 provide provide VB 3262 180 9 better well JJR 3262 180 10 search search NN 3262 180 11 aids aid NNS 3262 180 12 to to TO 3262 180 13 end end VB 3262 180 14 users user NNS 3262 180 15 , , , 3262 180 16 it -PRON- PRP 3262 180 17 is be VBZ 3262 180 18 extremely extremely RB 3262 180 19 important important JJ 3262 180 20 to to TO 3262 180 21 focus focus VB 3262 180 22 on on IN 3262 180 23 the the DT 3262 180 24 actual actual JJ 3262 180 25 user user NN 3262 180 26 ’s ’s POS 3262 180 27 needs need VBZ 3262 180 28 and and CC 3262 180 29 how how WRB 3262 180 30 well well RB 3262 180 31 the the DT 3262 180 32 user user NN 3262 180 33 can can MD 3262 180 34 use use VB 3262 180 35 these these DT 3262 180 36 new new JJ 3262 180 37 search search NN 3262 180 38 tools tool NNS 3262 180 39 . . . 3262 181 1 It -PRON- PRP 3262 181 2 is be VBZ 3262 181 3 surprising surprising JJ 3262 181 4 to to TO 3262 181 5 find find VB 3262 181 6 that that DT 3262 181 7 little little JJ 3262 181 8 usabil- usabil- JJ 3262 181 9 ity ity NN 3262 181 10 testing testing NN 3262 181 11 has have VBZ 3262 181 12 been be VBN 3262 181 13 done do VBN 3262 181 14 for for IN 3262 181 15 most most JJS 3262 181 16 CBIR cbir JJ 3262 181 17 projects project NNS 3262 181 18 . . . 3262 182 1 Such such JJ 3262 182 2 testing testing NN 3262 182 3 should should MD 3262 182 4 be be VB 3262 182 5 incorporated incorporate VBN 3262 182 6 into into IN 3262 182 7 future future JJ 3262 182 8 CBIR CBIR NNP 3262 182 9 research research NN 3262 182 10 before before IN 3262 182 11 it -PRON- PRP 3262 182 12 is be VBZ 3262 182 13 widely widely RB 3262 182 14 adopted adopt VBN 3262 182 15 . . . 3262 183 1 Bibliography Bibliography NNP 3262 183 2 Bimbo Bimbo NNP 3262 183 3 , , , 3262 183 4 A. A. NNP 3262 183 5 and and CC 3262 183 6 P. P. NNP 3262 183 7 Pala Pala NNP 3262 183 8 . . . 3262 184 1 2006 2006 CD 3262 184 2 . . . 3262 185 1 Content content NN 3262 185 2 - - HYPH 3262 185 3 based base VBN 3262 185 4 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 185 5 of of IN 3262 185 6 3-D 3-d CD 3262 185 7 mod- mod- NN 3262 185 8 els els NNP 3262 185 9 . . . 3262 186 1 ACM ACM NNP 3262 186 2 Transactions Transactions NNPS 3262 186 3 on on IN 3262 186 4 Multimedia Multimedia NNP 3262 186 5 Computing Computing NNP 3262 186 6 , , , 3262 186 7 Communica- Communica- NNP 3262 186 8 tions tion NNS 3262 186 9 , , , 3262 186 10 and and CC 3262 186 11 Applications Applications NNP 3262 186 12 2 2 CD 3262 186 13 , , , 3262 186 14 no no UH 3262 186 15 . . . 3262 187 1 1 1 LS 3262 187 2 : : : 3262 187 3 20–43 20–43 CD 3262 187 4 . . . 3262 188 1 Bustos Bustos NNP 3262 188 2 , , , 3262 188 3 B. B. NNP 3262 188 4 , , , 3262 188 5 et et NNP 3262 188 6 al al NNP 3262 188 7 . . . 3262 189 1 2005 2005 CD 3262 189 2 . . . 3262 190 1 Feature feature NN 3262 190 2 - - HYPH 3262 190 3 based base VBN 3262 190 4 similarity similarity NN 3262 190 5 search search NN 3262 190 6 in in IN 3262 190 7 3-D 3-d CD 3262 190 8 object object NN 3262 190 9 databases database NNS 3262 190 10 . . . 3262 191 1 ACM ACM NNP 3262 191 2 Computing Computing NNP 3262 191 3 Surveys Surveys NNP 3262 191 4 37 37 CD 3262 191 5 , , , 3262 191 6 no no UH 3262 191 7 . . . 3262 192 1 4 4 LS 3262 192 2 : : : 3262 192 3 345–387 345–387 CD 3262 192 4 . . . 3262 193 1 Chang Chang NNP 3262 193 2 , , , 3262 193 3 S. S. NNP 3262 193 4 , , , 3262 193 5 et et NNP 3262 193 6 al al NNP 3262 193 7 . . . 3262 194 1 1997 1997 CD 3262 194 2 ) ) -RRB- 3262 194 3 . . . 3262 195 1 VideoQ VideoQ NNP 3262 195 2 : : : 3262 195 3 an an DT 3262 195 4 automated automate VBN 3262 195 5 content content NN 3262 195 6 based base VBN 3262 195 7 video video NN 3262 195 8 search search NN 3262 195 9 system system NN 3262 195 10 using use VBG 3262 195 11 visual visual JJ 3262 195 12 cues cue NNS 3262 195 13 . . . 3262 196 1 In in IN 3262 196 2 Proceedings proceeding NNS 3262 196 3 of of IN 3262 196 4 the the DT 3262 196 5 5th 5th JJ 3262 196 6 ACM ACM NNP 3262 196 7 International International NNP 3262 196 8 Conference Conference NNP 3262 196 9 on on IN 3262 196 10 Multimedia Multimedia NNP 3262 196 11 , , , 3262 196 12 E. E. NNP 3262 196 13 P. P. NNP 3262 196 14 Glinert Glinert NNP 3262 196 15 , , , 3262 196 16 et et NNP 3262 196 17 al al NNP 3262 196 18 . . NNP 3262 196 19 , , , 3262 196 20 eds eds NNP 3262 196 21 . . . 3262 197 1 New New NNP 3262 197 2 York York NNP 3262 197 3 : : : 3262 197 4 ACM ACM NNP 3262 197 5 . . . 3262 198 1 Datta Datta NNP 3262 198 2 R. R. NNP 3262 198 3 , , , 3262 198 4 et et NNP 3262 198 5 al al NNP 3262 198 6 . . . 3262 199 1 2005 2005 CD 3262 199 2 . . . 3262 200 1 Content content NN 3262 200 2 - - HYPH 3262 200 3 based base VBN 3262 200 4 image image NN 3262 200 5 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 200 6 : : : 3262 200 7 approaches approach NNS 3262 200 8 and and CC 3262 200 9 trends trend NNS 3262 200 10 of of IN 3262 200 11 the the DT 3262 200 12 new new JJ 3262 200 13 age age NN 3262 200 14 . . . 3262 201 1 In in IN 3262 201 2 Proceedings proceeding NNS 3262 201 3 of of IN 3262 201 4 the the DT 3262 201 5 7th 7th JJ 3262 201 6 Interna- Interna- NNP 3262 201 7 tional tional JJ 3262 201 8 Workshop Workshop NNP 3262 201 9 on on IN 3262 201 10 Multimedia Multimedia NNP 3262 201 11 Information Information NNP 3262 201 12 Retrieval Retrieval NNP 3262 201 13 , , , 3262 201 14 in in IN 3262 201 15 Con- Con- NNP 3262 201 16 junction junction NN 3262 201 17 with with IN 3262 201 18 ACM ACM NNP 3262 201 19 International International NNP 3262 201 20 Conference Conference NNP 3262 201 21 on on IN 3262 201 22 Multimedia Multimedia NNP 3262 201 23 , , , 3262 201 24 H. H. NNP 3262 201 25 Zhang Zhang NNP 3262 201 26 , , , 3262 201 27 , , , 3262 201 28 J. J. NNP 3262 201 29 Smith Smith NNP 3262 201 30 , , , 3262 201 31 and and CC 3262 201 32 Q. Q. NNP 3262 201 33 Tian Tian NNP 3262 201 34 , , , 3262 201 35 eds eds XX 3262 201 36 . . . 3262 202 1 New New NNP 3262 202 2 York York NNP 3262 202 3 : : : 3262 202 4 ACM ACM NNP 3262 202 5 . . . 3262 203 1 Ellis Ellis NNP 3262 203 2 , , , 3262 203 3 D. D. NNP 3262 203 4 and and CC 3262 203 5 K. K. NNP 3262 203 6 Lee Lee NNP 3262 203 7 . . . 3262 204 1 Minimal minimal JJ 3262 204 2 - - HYPH 3262 204 3 impact impact NN 3262 204 4 audio audio NN 3262 204 5 - - HYPH 3262 204 6 based base VBN 3262 204 7 personal personal JJ 3262 204 8 archives archive NNS 3262 204 9 . . . 3262 205 1 In in IN 3262 205 2 Proceedings Proceedings NNP 3262 205 3 of of IN 3262 205 4 the the DT 3262 205 5 1st 1st JJ 3262 205 6 ACM ACM NNP 3262 205 7 workshop workshop NN 3262 205 8 on on IN 3262 205 9 Continuous Continuous NNP 3262 205 10 Archival Archival NNP 3262 205 11 and and CC 3262 205 12 Retrieval Retrieval NNP 3262 205 13 of of IN 3262 205 14 Personal Personal NNP 3262 205 15 Experiences Experiences NNPS 3262 205 16 CARPE CARPE NNP 3262 205 17 , , , 3262 205 18 J. J. NNP 3262 205 19 Gem- Gem- NNP 3262 205 20 mell mell NNP 3262 205 21 , , , 3262 205 22 et et NNP 3262 205 23 al al NNP 3262 205 24 . . NNP 3262 205 25 , , , 3262 205 26 eds eds NNP 3262 205 27 . . . 3262 206 1 New New NNP 3262 206 2 York York NNP 3262 206 3 : : : 3262 206 4 ACM ACM NNP 3262 206 5 . . . 3262 207 1 Li Li NNP 3262 207 2 , , , 3262 207 3 T. T. NNP 3262 207 4 , , , 3262 207 5 et et NNP 3262 207 6 al al NNP 3262 207 7 . . . 3262 208 1 2003 2003 CD 3262 208 2 . . . 3262 209 1 A a DT 3262 209 2 comparative comparative JJ 3262 209 3 study study NN 3262 209 4 on on IN 3262 209 5 content content NN 3262 209 6 - - HYPH 3262 209 7 based base VBN 3262 209 8 music music NN 3262 209 9 genre genre NN 3262 209 10 classification classification NN 3262 209 11 . . . 3262 210 1 In in IN 3262 210 2 Proceedings proceeding NNS 3262 210 3 of of IN 3262 210 4 the the DT 3262 210 5 26th 26th JJ 3262 210 6 Annual Annual NNP 3262 210 7 Interna- Interna- NNP 3262 210 8 tional tional JJ 3262 210 9 ACM ACM NNP 3262 210 10 SIGIR SIGIR NNP 3262 210 11 Conference Conference NNP 3262 210 12 on on IN 3262 210 13 Research Research NNP 3262 210 14 and and CC 3262 210 15 Development Development NNP 3262 210 16 in in IN 3262 210 17 Information Information NNP 3262 210 18 Retrieval Retrieval NNP 3262 210 19 , , , 3262 210 20 C. C. NNP 3262 210 21 Clarke Clarke NNP 3262 210 22 , , , 3262 210 23 et et NNP 3262 210 24 al al NNP 3262 210 25 . . NNP 3262 210 26 , , , 3262 210 27 eds eds NNP 3262 210 28 . . . 3262 211 1 New New NNP 3262 211 2 York York NNP 3262 211 3 : : : 3262 211 4 ACM ACM NNP 3262 211 5 . . . 3262 212 1 Li Li NNP 3262 212 2 , , , 3262 212 3 J. J. NNP 3262 212 4 and and CC 3262 212 5 J. J. NNP 3262 212 6 Wang Wang NNP 3262 212 7 , , , 3262 212 8 J. J. NNP 3262 213 1 2006 2006 CD 3262 213 2 . . . 3262 214 1 Real real JJ 3262 214 2 - - HYPH 3262 214 3 time time NN 3262 214 4 computerized computerized JJ 3262 214 5 annotation annotation NN 3262 214 6 of of IN 3262 214 7 pictures picture NNS 3262 214 8 . . . 3262 215 1 In in IN 3262 215 2 Proceedings proceeding NNS 3262 215 3 of of IN 3262 215 4 the the DT 3262 215 5 14th 14th JJ 3262 215 6 Annual Annual NNP 3262 215 7 ACM ACM NNP 3262 215 8 International International NNP 3262 215 9 aRtiCLE aRtiCLE : 3262 215 10 titLE title NN 3262 215 11 | | NNP 3262 215 12 autHoR autHoR NNP 3262 215 13 47ContEnt 47ContEnt NNP 3262 215 14 - - HYPH 3262 215 15 BasED BasED NNP 3262 215 16 inFoRmation information NN 3262 215 17 REtRiEvaL REtRiEvaL NNP 3262 215 18 anD and CC 3262 215 19 DiGitaL DiGitaL NNP 3262 215 20 LiBRaRiEs LiBRaRiEs NNP 3262 215 21 | | NNP 3262 215 22 Wan Wan NNP 3262 215 23 anD and CC 3262 215 24 Liu Liu NNP 3262 215 25 47 47 CD 3262 215 26 Conference Conference NNP 3262 215 27 on on IN 3262 215 28 Multimedia Multimedia NNP 3262 215 29 , , , 3262 215 30 K. K. NNP 3262 215 31 Nahrstedt Nahrstedt NNP 3262 215 32 , , , 3262 215 33 et et NNP 3262 215 34 al al NNP 3262 215 35 . . NNP 3262 215 36 , , , 3262 215 37 eds eds NNP 3262 215 38 . . . 3262 216 1 New New NNP 3262 216 2 York York NNP 3262 216 3 : : : 3262 216 4 ACM ACM NNP 3262 216 5 . . . 3262 217 1 Marques Marques NNP 3262 217 2 , , , 3262 217 3 O. O. NNP 3262 217 4 and and CC 3262 217 5 B. B. NNP 3262 217 6 Furht Furht NNP 3262 217 7 . . . 3262 218 1 2002 2002 CD 3262 218 2 . . . 3262 219 1 Content content NN 3262 219 2 - - HYPH 3262 219 3 based base VBN 3262 219 4 Image Image NNP 3262 219 5 and and CC 3262 219 6 Video Video NNP 3262 219 7 Retrieval Retrieval NNP 3262 219 8 . . . 3262 220 1 Norwell Norwell NNP 3262 220 2 , , , 3262 220 3 Mass Mass NNP 3262 220 4 : : : 3262 220 5 Kluwer Kluwer NNP 3262 220 6 . . . 3262 221 1 Moustakas Moustakas NNP 3262 221 2 , , , 3262 221 3 K. K. NNP 3262 221 4 , , , 3262 221 5 et et NNP 3262 221 6 al al NNP 3262 221 7 . . . 3262 222 1 2005 2005 CD 3262 222 2 . . . 3262 223 1 MASTER master NN 3262 223 2 - - HYPH 3262 223 3 PIECE PIECE NNP 3262 223 4 : : : 3262 223 5 A a DT 3262 223 6 multimodal multimodal NN 3262 223 7 ( ( -LRB- 3262 223 8 gesture+speech gesture+speech NNP 3262 223 9 ) ) -RRB- 3262 223 10 interface interface NN 3262 223 11 for for IN 3262 223 12 3D 3d JJ 3262 223 13 model model NN 3262 223 14 search search NN 3262 223 15 and and CC 3262 223 16 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 223 17 integrated integrate VBN 3262 223 18 in in IN 3262 223 19 a a DT 3262 223 20 virtual virtual JJ 3262 223 21 assembly assembly NN 3262 223 22 application application NN 3262 223 23 . . . 3262 224 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS 3262 224 2 of of IN 3262 224 3 the the DT 3262 224 4 eNTERFACE enterface NN 3262 224 5 : : : 3262 224 6 62–75 62–75 CD 3262 224 7 . . . 3262 225 1 Wang Wang NNP 3262 225 2 , , , 3262 225 3 J. J. NNP 3262 225 4 , , , 3262 225 5 et et NNP 3262 225 6 al al NNP 3262 225 7 . . . 3262 226 1 2001 2001 CD 3262 226 2 . . . 3262 227 1 SIMPLIcity simplicity NN 3262 227 2 : : : 3262 227 3 semantics semantic NNS 3262 227 4 - - HYPH 3262 227 5 sensitive sensitive JJ 3262 227 6 integrated integrated JJ 3262 227 7 matching matching NN 3262 227 8 for for IN 3262 227 9 picture picture NN 3262 227 10 libraries library NNS 3262 227 11 . . . 3262 228 1 IEEE IEEE NNP 3262 228 2 Trans Trans NNPS 3262 228 3 . . . 3262 229 1 Pattern Pattern NNP 3262 229 2 Analysis Analysis NNP 3262 229 3 and and CC 3262 229 4 Machine Machine NNP 3262 229 5 Intelligence Intelligence NNP 3262 229 6 23 23 CD 3262 229 7 , , , 3262 229 8 no no UH 3262 229 9 . . . 3262 230 1 9 9 CD 3262 230 2 : : : 3262 230 3 947–963 947–963 CD 3262 230 4 . . . 3262 231 1 Wang Wang NNP 3262 231 2 , , , 3262 231 3 Z. Z. NNP 3262 231 4 , , , 3262 231 5 et et NNP 3262 231 6 al al NNP 3262 231 7 . . . 3262 232 1 2006 2006 CD 3262 232 2 . . . 3262 233 1 VFerret vferret NN 3262 233 2 : : : 3262 233 3 content content NN 3262 233 4 - - HYPH 3262 233 5 based base VBN 3262 233 6 similarity similarity NN 3262 233 7 search search NN 3262 233 8 tool tool NN 3262 233 9 for for IN 3262 233 10 continuous continuous JJ 3262 233 11 archived archived JJ 3262 233 12 video video NN 3262 233 13 . . . 3262 234 1 In in IN 3262 234 2 Proceedings Proceedings NNP 3262 234 3 of of IN 3262 234 4 the the DT 3262 234 5 3rd 3rd JJ 3262 234 6 ACM ACM NNP 3262 234 7 Workshop Workshop NNP 3262 234 8 on on IN 3262 234 9 Continuous Continuous NNP 3262 234 10 Archival Archival NNP 3262 234 11 and and CC 3262 234 12 Retrival Retrival NNP 3262 234 13 of of IN 3262 234 14 Personal Personal NNP 3262 234 15 Experiences Experiences NNPS 3262 234 16 , , , 3262 234 17 K. K. NNP 3262 234 18 Maze Maze NNP 3262 234 19 et et NNP 3262 234 20 al al NNP 3262 234 21 . . NNP 3262 234 22 , , , 3262 234 23 eds eds NNP 3262 234 24 . . . 3262 235 1 New New NNP 3262 235 2 York York NNP 3262 235 3 : : : 3262 235 4 ACM ACM NNP 3262 235 5 . . . 3262 236 1 Wold Wold NNP 3262 236 2 , , , 3262 236 3 E. E. NNP 3262 236 4 , , , 3262 236 5 et et NNP 3262 236 6 al al NNP 3262 236 7 . . . 3262 237 1 1996 1996 CD 3262 237 2 . . . 3262 238 1 Content content NN 3262 238 2 - - HYPH 3262 238 3 based base VBN 3262 238 4 classification classification NN 3262 238 5 , , , 3262 238 6 search search NN 3262 238 7 , , , 3262 238 8 and and CC 3262 238 9 retrieval retrieval NN 3262 238 10 of of IN 3262 238 11 audio audio NNP 3262 238 12 . . . 3262 239 1 IEEE IEEE NNP 3262 239 2 MultiMedia MultiMedia NNP 3262 239 3 3 3 CD 3262 239 4 , , , 3262 239 5 no no UH 3262 239 6 . . . 3262 240 1 3 3 CD 3262 240 2 : : SYM 3262 240 3 27–36 27–36 CD 3262 240 4 . . . 3262 241 1 Zhang Zhang NNP 3262 241 2 , , , 3262 241 3 T. T. NNP 3262 241 4 and and CC 3262 241 5 C. C. NNP 3262 241 6 Kuo Kuo NNP 3262 241 7 . . . 3262 242 1 2001 2001 CD 3262 242 2 . . . 3262 243 1 Content content NN 3262 243 2 - - HYPH 3262 243 3 based base VBN 3262 243 4 Audio Audio NNP 3262 243 5 Classification Classification NNP 3262 243 6 and and CC 3262 243 7 Retrieval Retrieval NNP 3262 243 8 for for IN 3262 243 9 Audiovisual Audiovisual NNP 3262 243 10 Data Data NNP 3262 243 11 Parsing Parsing NNP 3262 243 12 . . . 3262 244 1 Norwell Norwell NNP 3262 244 2 , , , 3262 244 3 Mass. Massachusetts NNP 3262 245 1 : : : 3262 245 2 Kluwer Kluwer NNP 3262 245 3 . . . 3262 246 1 LITA LITA NNP 3262 246 2 National National NNP 3262 246 3 Forum Forum NNP 3262 246 4 cover cover NN 3262 246 5 2 2 CD 3262 246 6 LITA LITA NNP 3262 246 7 Guides Guides NNPS 3262 246 8 cover cover VBP 3262 246 9 3 3 CD 3262 246 10 LITA LITA NNP 3262 246 11 Workshops Workshops NNPS 3262 246 12 cover cover VBP 3262 246 13 4 4 CD 3262 246 14 Index Index NNP 3262 246 15 to to IN 3262 246 16 Advertisers Advertisers NNPS 3262 246 17 STATEMENT statement NN 3262 246 18 OF of IN 3262 246 19 OWNERSHIP OWNERSHIP NNP 3262 246 20 , , , 3262 246 21 MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT NNP 3262 246 22 , , , 3262 246 23 AND and CC 3262 246 24 CIRCULATION CIRCULATION NNP 3262 246 25 Information Information NNP 3262 246 26 Technology Technology NNP 3262 246 27 and and CC 3262 246 28 Libraries Libraries NNPS 3262 246 29 , , , 3262 246 30 Publication Publication NNP 3262 246 31 No no NN 3262 246 32 . . . 3262 247 1 280 280 CD 3262 247 2 - - SYM 3262 247 3 800 800 CD 3262 247 4 , , , 3262 247 5 is be VBZ 3262 247 6 published publish VBN 3262 247 7 quarterly quarterly RB 3262 247 8 in in IN 3262 247 9 March March NNP 3262 247 10 , , , 3262 247 11 June June NNP 3262 247 12 , , , 3262 247 13 September September NNP 3262 247 14 , , , 3262 247 15 and and CC 3262 247 16 December December NNP 3262 247 17 by by IN 3262 247 18 the the DT 3262 247 19 Library Library NNP 3262 247 20 Information Information NNP 3262 247 21 and and CC 3262 247 22 Technology Technology NNP 3262 247 23 Association Association NNP 3262 247 24 , , , 3262 247 25 American American NNP 3262 247 26 Library Library NNP 3262 247 27 Association Association NNP 3262 247 28 , , , 3262 247 29 50 50 CD 3262 247 30 E. E. NNP 3262 247 31 Huron Huron NNP 3262 247 32 St. St. NNP 3262 247 33 , , , 3262 247 34 Chicago Chicago NNP 3262 247 35 , , , 3262 247 36 Illinois Illinois NNP 3262 247 37 60611 60611 CD 3262 247 38 - - SYM 3262 247 39 2795 2795 CD 3262 247 40 . . . 3262 248 1 Editor editor NN 3262 248 2 : : : 3262 248 3 John John NNP 3262 248 4 Webb Webb NNP 3262 248 5 , , , 3262 248 6 Librarian Librarian NNP 3262 248 7 Emeritus Emeritus NNP 3262 248 8 , , , 3262 248 9 Washington Washington NNP 3262 248 10 State State NNP 3262 248 11 University University NNP 3262 248 12 Libraries Libraries NNPS 3262 248 13 , , , 3262 248 14 Pullman Pullman NNP 3262 248 15 , , , 3262 248 16 WA WA NNP 3262 248 17 99164 99164 CD 3262 248 18 - - HYPH 3262 248 19 5610 5610 CD 3262 248 20 . . . 3262 249 1 Annual annual JJ 3262 249 2 subscription subscription NN 3262 249 3 price price NN 3262 249 4 , , , 3262 249 5 $ $ $ 3262 249 6 55 55 CD 3262 249 7 . . . 3262 250 1 Printed Printed NNP 3262 250 2 in in IN 3262 250 3 U.S.A. U.S.A. NNP 3262 250 4 with with IN 3262 250 5 periodical periodical JJ 3262 250 6 - - HYPH 3262 250 7 class class NN 3262 250 8 postage postage NN 3262 250 9 paid pay VBN 3262 250 10 at at IN 3262 250 11 Chicago Chicago NNP 3262 250 12 , , , 3262 250 13 Illinois Illinois NNP 3262 250 14 , , , 3262 250 15 and and CC 3262 250 16 other other JJ 3262 250 17 locations location NNS 3262 250 18 . . . 3262 251 1 As as IN 3262 251 2 a a DT 3262 251 3 nonprofit nonprofit JJ 3262 251 4 organization organization NN 3262 251 5 authorized authorize VBN 3262 251 6 to to TO 3262 251 7 mail mail VB 3262 251 8 at at IN 3262 251 9 special special JJ 3262 251 10 rates rate NNS 3262 251 11 ( ( -LRB- 3262 251 12 DMM DMM NNP 3262 251 13 Section Section NNP 3262 251 14 424.12 424.12 CD 3262 251 15 only only RB 3262 251 16 ) ) -RRB- 3262 251 17 , , , 3262 251 18 the the DT 3262 251 19 purpose purpose NN 3262 251 20 , , , 3262 251 21 function function NN 3262 251 22 , , , 3262 251 23 and and CC 3262 251 24 nonprofit nonprofit JJ 3262 251 25 status status NN 3262 251 26 for for IN 3262 251 27 federal federal JJ 3262 251 28 income income NN 3262 251 29 tax tax NN 3262 251 30 purposes purpose NNS 3262 251 31 have have VBP 3262 251 32 not not RB 3262 251 33 changed change VBN 3262 251 34 during during IN 3262 251 35 the the DT 3262 251 36 preceding precede VBG 3262 251 37 twelve twelve CD 3262 251 38 months month NNS 3262 251 39 . . . 3262 252 1 EXTENT extent NN 3262 252 2 AND and CC 3262 252 3 NATURE nature NN 3262 252 4 OF of IN 3262 252 5 CIRCULATION circulation NN 3262 252 6 ( ( -LRB- 3262 252 7 Average average JJ 3262 252 8 figures figure NNS 3262 252 9 denote denote VBP 3262 252 10 the the DT 3262 252 11 average average JJ 3262 252 12 number number NN 3262 252 13 of of IN 3262 252 14 copies copy NNS 3262 252 15 printed print VBN 3262 252 16 each each DT 3262 252 17 issue issue NN 3262 252 18 during during IN 3262 252 19 the the DT 3262 252 20 preceding precede VBG 3262 252 21 twelve twelve CD 3262 252 22 months month NNS 3262 252 23 ; ; : 3262 252 24 actual actual JJ 3262 252 25 figures figure NNS 3262 252 26 denote denote VBP 3262 252 27 actual actual JJ 3262 252 28 number number NN 3262 252 29 of of IN 3262 252 30 copies copy NNS 3262 252 31 of of IN 3262 252 32 single single JJ 3262 252 33 issue issue NN 3262 252 34 published publish VBD 3262 252 35 nearest near JJS 3262 252 36 to to IN 3262 252 37 filing filing NN 3262 252 38 date date NN 3262 252 39 : : : 3262 252 40 June June NNP 3262 252 41 2007 2007 CD 3262 252 42 issue issue NN 3262 252 43 ) ) -RRB- 3262 252 44 . . . 3262 253 1 Total total JJ 3262 253 2 number number NN 3262 253 3 of of IN 3262 253 4 copies copy NNS 3262 253 5 printed print VBN 3262 253 6 : : : 3262 253 7 average average NNP 3262 253 8 , , , 3262 253 9 5,354 5,354 CD 3262 253 10 ; ; : 3262 253 11 actual actual JJ 3262 253 12 , , , 3262 253 13 5,280 5,280 CD 3262 253 14 . . . 3262 254 1 Sales sale NNS 3262 254 2 through through IN 3262 254 3 dealers dealer NNS 3262 254 4 and and CC 3262 254 5 carriers carrier NNS 3262 254 6 , , , 3262 254 7 street street NN 3262 254 8 vendors vendor NNS 3262 254 9 , , , 3262 254 10 and and CC 3262 254 11 counter counter NN 3262 254 12 sales sale NNS 3262 254 13 : : : 3262 254 14 average average JJ 3262 254 15 , , , 3262 254 16 0 0 CD 3262 254 17 ; ; : 3262 254 18 actual actual JJ 3262 254 19 462 462 CD 3262 254 20 . . . 3262 255 1 Paid pay VBN 3262 255 2 or or CC 3262 255 3 requested request VBN 3262 255 4 mail mail NN 3262 255 5 subscriptions subscription NNS 3262 255 6 : : : 3262 255 7 average average JJ 3262 255 8 , , , 3262 255 9 4,283 4,283 CD 3262 255 10 ; ; : 3262 255 11 actual actual JJ 3262 255 12 , , , 3262 255 13 4,193 4,193 CD 3262 255 14 . . . 3262 256 1 Free free JJ 3262 256 2 distribution distribution NN 3262 256 3 ( ( -LRB- 3262 256 4 total total NN 3262 256 5 ) ) -RRB- 3262 256 6 : : : 3262 256 7 average average JJ 3262 256 8 , , , 3262 256 9 292 292 CD 3262 256 10 ; ; : 3262 256 11 actual actual JJ 3262 256 12 , , , 3262 256 13 292 292 CD 3262 256 14 . . . 3262 257 1 Total total JJ 3262 257 2 distribution distribution NN 3262 257 3 : : : 3262 257 4 average average JJ 3262 257 5 , , , 3262 257 6 5,028 5,028 CD 3262 257 7 ; ; : 3262 257 8 actual actual JJ 3262 257 9 , , , 3262 257 10 4,947 4,947 CD 3262 257 11 . . . 3262 258 1 Office office NN 3262 258 2 use use NN 3262 258 3 , , , 3262 258 4 leftover leftover NN 3262 258 5 , , , 3262 258 6 unaccounted unaccounted JJ 3262 258 7 , , , 3262 258 8 spoiled spoil VBD 3262 258 9 after after IN 3262 258 10 printing print VBG 3262 258 11 : : : 3262 258 12 average average JJ 3262 258 13 , , , 3262 258 14 326 326 CD 3262 258 15 ; ; : 3262 258 16 actual actual JJ 3262 258 17 , , , 3262 258 18 333 333 CD 3262 258 19 . . . 3262 259 1 Total total NN 3262 259 2 : : : 3262 259 3 average average JJ 3262 259 4 , , , 3262 259 5 5,354 5,354 CD 3262 259 6 ; ; : 3262 259 7 actual actual JJ 3262 259 8 , , , 3262 259 9 5,280 5,280 CD 3262 259 10 . . . 3262 260 1 Percentage percentage NN 3262 260 2 paid pay VBN 3262 260 3 : : : 3262 260 4 average average JJ 3262 260 5 , , , 3262 260 6 94.19 94.19 CD 3262 260 7 ; ; : 3262 260 8 actual actual JJ 3262 260 9 , , , 3262 260 10 94.10 94.10 CD 3262 260 11 . . . 3262 261 1 S S NNP 3262 261 2 t t NNP 3262 261 3 a a DT 3262 261 4 t t NN 3262 261 5 e e NNP 3262 261 6 m m NNP 3262 261 7 e e NNP 3262 261 8 n n NNP 3262 261 9 t t NNP 3262 261 10 o o NN 3262 261 11 f f NN 3262 261 12 O o NN 3262 261 13 w w NN 3262 261 14 n n NNP 3262 261 15 e e NNP 3262 261 16 r r NNP 3262 261 17 s s NNP 3262 261 18 h h NNP 3262 261 19 i i NNP 3262 261 20 p p NN 3262 261 21 , , , 3262 261 22 M M NNP 3262 261 23 a a DT 3262 261 24 n n NN 3262 261 25 a a NN 3262 261 26 g g NN 3262 261 27 e e NNP 3262 261 28 m m NNP 3262 261 29 e e NNP 3262 261 30 n n NNP 3262 261 31 t t NNP 3262 261 32 , , , 3262 261 33 a a DT 3262 261 34 n n NNP 3262 261 35 d d NNP 3262 261 36 C c NN 3262 261 37 i i NN 3262 261 38 r r NN 3262 261 39 c c NN 3262 261 40 u u NNP 3262 261 41 l l NNP 3262 261 42 a a DT 3262 261 43 t t NN 3262 261 44 i i NN 3262 261 45 o o XX 3262 261 46 n n NN 3262 261 47 ( ( -LRB- 3262 261 48 P p NN 3262 261 49 S S NNP 3262 261 50 F F NNP 3262 261 51 o o NN 3262 261 52 r r NNP 3262 261 53 m m NNP 3262 261 54 3 3 CD 3262 261 55 5 5 CD 3262 261 56 2 2 CD 3262 261 57 6 6 CD 3262 261 58 , , , 3262 261 59 S S NNP 3262 261 60 e e NNP 3262 261 61 p p NN 3262 261 62 t t NNP 3262 261 63 e e NNP 3262 261 64 m m NNP 3262 261 65 b b NNP 3262 261 66 e e NNP 3262 261 67 r r NNP 3262 261 68 2 2 CD 3262 261 69 0 0 CD 3262 261 70 0 0 CD 3262 261 71 7 7 CD 3262 261 72 ) ) -RRB- 3262 261 73 f f NNP 3262 261 74 i i NN 3262 261 75 l l NNP 3262 261 76 e e NNP 3262 261 77 d d NNP 3262 261 78 w w NNP 3262 261 79 i i NNP 3262 261 80 t t NNP 3262 261 81 h h NNP 3262 261 82 t t NN 3262 261 83 h h NN 3262 261 84 e e NN 3262 261 85 U u NN 3262 261 86 n n NN 3262 261 87 i i NN 3262 261 88 t t NN 3262 261 89 e e NNP 3262 261 90 d d NNP 3262 261 91 S S NNP 3262 261 92 t t NN 3262 261 93 a a DT 3262 261 94 t t NN 3262 261 95 e e NN 3262 261 96 s s NNP 3262 261 97 P p NN 3262 261 98 o o NN 3262 261 99 s s NN 3262 261 100 t t NN 3262 261 101 O o NN 3262 261 102 f f NNP 3262 261 103 f f NN 3262 261 104 i i NN 3262 261 105 c c NN 3262 261 106 e e NNP 3262 261 107 P p NN 3262 261 108 o o NN 3262 261 109 s s NNP 3262 261 110 t t NNP 3262 261 111 m m NNP 3262 261 112 a a NNP 3262 261 113 s s NNP 3262 261 114 t t NNP 3262 261 115 e e NNP 3262 261 116 r r NN 3262 261 117 i i NN 3262 261 118 n n CC 3262 261 119 C C NNP 3262 261 120 h h NN 3262 261 121 i i NN 3262 261 122 c c NN 3262 261 123 a a DT 3262 261 124 g g NN 3262 261 125 o o NN 3262 261 126 , , , 3262 261 127 O o UH 3262 261 128 c c NN 3262 261 129 t t NN 3262 261 130 o o NNP 3262 261 131 b b NNP 3262 261 132 e e NNP 3262 261 133 r r NNP 3262 261 134 1 1 CD 3262 261 135 , , , 3262 261 136 2 2 CD 3262 261 137 0 0 CD 3262 261 138 0 0 CD 3262 261 139 7 7 CD 3262 261 140 . . .