id sid tid token lemma pos 1859 1 1 Copyright copyright NN 1859 1 2 : : : 1859 1 3 Regulation regulation NN 1859 1 4 Out out IN 1859 1 5 of of IN 1859 1 6 Line line NN 1859 1 7 with with IN 1859 1 8 Our -PRON- PRP$ 1859 1 9 Digital Digital NNP 1859 1 10 Reality reality NN 1859 1 11 ? ? . 1859 2 1 Abigail Abigail NNP 1859 2 2 J. J. NNP 1859 2 3 McDermott McDermott NNP 1859 2 4 INFORMATION INFORMATION VBD 1859 2 5 TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY NNP 1859 2 6 AND and CC 1859 2 7 LIBRARIES library NNS 1859 2 8 | | NNP 1859 2 9 MARCH MARCH NNP 1859 2 10 2012 2012 CD 1859 2 11 7 7 CD 1859 2 12 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT NNP 1859 2 13 This this DT 1859 2 14 paper paper NN 1859 2 15 provides provide VBZ 1859 2 16 a a DT 1859 2 17 brief brief JJ 1859 2 18 overview overview NN 1859 2 19 of of IN 1859 2 20 the the DT 1859 2 21 current current JJ 1859 2 22 state state NN 1859 2 23 of of IN 1859 2 24 copyright copyright NN 1859 2 25 law law NN 1859 2 26 in in IN 1859 2 27 the the DT 1859 2 28 United United NNP 1859 2 29 States States NNP 1859 2 30 , , , 1859 2 31 focusing focus VBG 1859 2 32 on on IN 1859 2 33 the the DT 1859 2 34 negative negative JJ 1859 2 35 impacts impact NNS 1859 2 36 of of IN 1859 2 37 these these DT 1859 2 38 policies policy NNS 1859 2 39 on on IN 1859 2 40 libraries library NNS 1859 2 41 and and CC 1859 2 42 patrons patron NNS 1859 2 43 . . . 1859 3 1 The the DT 1859 3 2 article article NN 1859 3 3 discusses discuss VBZ 1859 3 4 four four CD 1859 3 5 challenges challenge NNS 1859 3 6 current current JJ 1859 3 7 copyright copyright NN 1859 3 8 law law NN 1859 3 9 presents present NNS 1859 3 10 to to IN 1859 3 11 libraries library NNS 1859 3 12 and and CC 1859 3 13 the the DT 1859 3 14 public public NN 1859 3 15 in in IN 1859 3 16 general general JJ 1859 3 17 , , , 1859 3 18 highlighting highlight VBG 1859 3 19 three three CD 1859 3 20 concrete concrete JJ 1859 3 21 ways way NNS 1859 3 22 intellectual intellectual JJ 1859 3 23 property property NN 1859 3 24 law law NN 1859 3 25 interferes interfere VBZ 1859 3 26 with with IN 1859 3 27 digital digital JJ 1859 3 28 library library NN 1859 3 29 services service NNS 1859 3 30 and and CC 1859 3 31 systems system NNS 1859 3 32 . . . 1859 4 1 Finally finally RB 1859 4 2 , , , 1859 4 3 the the DT 1859 4 4 author author NN 1859 4 5 suggests suggest VBZ 1859 4 6 that that IN 1859 4 7 a a DT 1859 4 8 greater great JJR 1859 4 9 emphasis emphasis NN 1859 4 10 on on IN 1859 4 11 copyright copyright NN 1859 4 12 literacy literacy NN 1859 4 13 and and CC 1859 4 14 a a DT 1859 4 15 commitment commitment NN 1859 4 16 among among IN 1859 4 17 the the DT 1859 4 18 library library NN 1859 4 19 community community NN 1859 4 20 to to TO 1859 4 21 advocate advocate VB 1859 4 22 for for IN 1859 4 23 fairer fair JJR 1859 4 24 policies policy NNS 1859 4 25 is be VBZ 1859 4 26 vital vital JJ 1859 4 27 to to IN 1859 4 28 correcting correct VBG 1859 4 29 the the DT 1859 4 30 imbalance imbalance NN 1859 4 31 between between IN 1859 4 32 the the DT 1859 4 33 interests interest NNS 1859 4 34 of of IN 1859 4 35 the the DT 1859 4 36 public public NN 1859 4 37 and and CC 1859 4 38 those those DT 1859 4 39 of of IN 1859 4 40 copyright copyright NN 1859 4 41 holders holder NNS 1859 4 42 . . . 1859 5 1 INTRODUCTION introduction NN 1859 5 2 In in IN 1859 5 3 July July NNP 1859 5 4 2010 2010 CD 1859 5 5 , , , 1859 5 6 the the DT 1859 5 7 library library NN 1859 5 8 community community NN 1859 5 9 applauded applaud VBD 1859 5 10 when when WRB 1859 5 11 Librarian Librarian NNP 1859 5 12 of of IN 1859 5 13 Congress Congress NNP 1859 5 14 James James NNP 1859 5 15 H. H. NNP 1859 5 16 Billington Billington NNP 1859 5 17 announced announce VBD 1859 5 18 new new JJ 1859 5 19 exemptions exemption NNS 1859 5 20 to to IN 1859 5 21 the the DT 1859 5 22 Digital Digital NNP 1859 5 23 Millennium Millennium NNP 1859 5 24 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 5 25 Act Act NNP 1859 5 26 ( ( -LRB- 1859 5 27 DMCA DMCA NNP 1859 5 28 ) ) -RRB- 1859 5 29 . . . 1859 6 1 Those those DT 1859 6 2 with with IN 1859 6 3 visual visual JJ 1859 6 4 disabilities disability NNS 1859 6 5 and and CC 1859 6 6 the the DT 1859 6 7 librarians librarian NNS 1859 6 8 who who WP 1859 6 9 serve serve VBP 1859 6 10 them -PRON- PRP 1859 6 11 can can MD 1859 6 12 now now RB 1859 6 13 circumvent circumvent VB 1859 6 14 digital digital JJ 1859 6 15 rights right NNS 1859 6 16 management management NN 1859 6 17 ( ( -LRB- 1859 6 18 DRM DRM NNP 1859 6 19 ) ) -RRB- 1859 6 20 software software NN 1859 6 21 on on IN 1859 6 22 e e NNS 1859 6 23 - - HYPH 1859 6 24 books book NNS 1859 6 25 to to TO 1859 6 26 activate activate VB 1859 6 27 a a DT 1859 6 28 read read NN 1859 6 29 - - HYPH 1859 6 30 aloud aloud NN 1859 6 31 function.1 function.1 NNS 1859 6 32 In in IN 1859 6 33 addition addition NN 1859 6 34 , , , 1859 6 35 higher high JJR 1859 6 36 education education NN 1859 6 37 faculty faculty NN 1859 6 38 in in IN 1859 6 39 departments department NNS 1859 6 40 other other JJ 1859 6 41 than than IN 1859 6 42 film film NN 1859 6 43 and and CC 1859 6 44 media medium NNS 1859 6 45 studies study NNS 1859 6 46 can can MD 1859 6 47 now now RB 1859 6 48 break break VB 1859 6 49 through through IN 1859 6 50 DRM DRM NNP 1859 6 51 software software NN 1859 6 52 to to TO 1859 6 53 include include VB 1859 6 54 high high JJ 1859 6 55 - - HYPH 1859 6 56 resolution resolution NN 1859 6 57 film film NN 1859 6 58 clips clip NNS 1859 6 59 in in IN 1859 6 60 class class NN 1859 6 61 materials material NNS 1859 6 62 and and CC 1859 6 63 lectures lecture NNS 1859 6 64 . . . 1859 7 1 However however RB 1859 7 2 , , , 1859 7 3 their -PRON- PRP$ 1859 7 4 students student NNS 1859 7 5 can can MD 1859 7 6 not not RB 1859 7 7 , , , 1859 7 8 since since IN 1859 7 9 only only RB 1859 7 10 those those DT 1859 7 11 who who WP 1859 7 12 are be VBP 1859 7 13 pursuing pursue VBG 1859 7 14 a a DT 1859 7 15 degree degree NN 1859 7 16 in in IN 1859 7 17 film film NN 1859 7 18 can can MD 1859 7 19 legally legally RB 1859 7 20 do do VB 1859 7 21 the the DT 1859 7 22 same.2 same.2 NNS 1859 7 23 That that DT 1859 7 24 means mean VBZ 1859 7 25 that that IN 1859 7 26 English english JJ 1859 7 27 students student NNS 1859 7 28 who who WP 1859 7 29 want want VBP 1859 7 30 to to TO 1859 7 31 legally legally RB 1859 7 32 include include VB 1859 7 33 high high JJ 1859 7 34 - - HYPH 1859 7 35 resolution resolution NN 1859 7 36 clips clip NNS 1859 7 37 from from IN 1859 7 38 the the DT 1859 7 39 critically critically RB 1859 7 40 acclaimed acclaimed JJ 1859 7 41 film film NN 1859 7 42 Sense Sense NNP 1859 7 43 and and CC 1859 7 44 Sensibility sensibility NN 1859 7 45 in in IN 1859 7 46 their -PRON- PRP$ 1859 7 47 final final JJ 1859 7 48 projects project NNS 1859 7 49 on on IN 1859 7 50 Jane Jane NNP 1859 7 51 Austin Austin NNP 1859 7 52 ’s ’s POS 1859 7 53 novel novel NN 1859 7 54 will will MD 1859 7 55 have have VB 1859 7 56 to to TO 1859 7 57 wait wait VB 1859 7 58 another another DT 1859 7 59 three three CD 1859 7 60 years year NNS 1859 7 61 , , , 1859 7 62 when when WRB 1859 7 63 the the DT 1859 7 64 Librarian Librarian NNP 1859 7 65 of of IN 1859 7 66 Congress Congress NNP 1859 7 67 will will MD 1859 7 68 again again RB 1859 7 69 review review VB 1859 7 70 the the DT 1859 7 71 DMCA DMCA NNP 1859 7 72 . . . 1859 8 1 The the DT 1859 8 2 fact fact NN 1859 8 3 that that IN 1859 8 4 these these DT 1859 8 5 new new JJ 1859 8 6 exemptions exemption NNS 1859 8 7 to to IN 1859 8 8 the the DT 1859 8 9 DMCA DMCA NNP 1859 8 10 were be VBD 1859 8 11 a a DT 1859 8 12 cause cause NN 1859 8 13 for for IN 1859 8 14 celebration celebration NN 1859 8 15 is be VBZ 1859 8 16 one one CD 1859 8 17 indicator indicator NN 1859 8 18 of of IN 1859 8 19 the the DT 1859 8 20 imbalanced imbalanced JJ 1859 8 21 state state NN 1859 8 22 of of IN 1859 8 23 the the DT 1859 8 24 copyright copyright NN 1859 8 25 regulations regulation NNS 1859 8 26 that that WDT 1859 8 27 control control VBP 1859 8 28 creative creative JJ 1859 8 29 intellectual intellectual JJ 1859 8 30 property property NN 1859 8 31 in in IN 1859 8 32 this this DT 1859 8 33 country country NN 1859 8 34 . . . 1859 9 1 As as IN 1859 9 2 the the DT 1859 9 3 consumer consumer NN 1859 9 4 - - HYPH 1859 9 5 advocacy advocacy NN 1859 9 6 group group NN 1859 9 7 Public Public NNP 1859 9 8 Knowledge Knowledge NNP 1859 9 9 asserted assert VBD 1859 9 10 , , , 1859 9 11 “ " `` 1859 9 12 We -PRON- PRP 1859 9 13 continue continue VBP 1859 9 14 to to TO 1859 9 15 be be VB 1859 9 16 disappointed disappoint VBN 1859 9 17 that that IN 1859 9 18 the the DT 1859 9 19 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 9 20 Office Office NNP 1859 9 21 under under IN 1859 9 22 the the DT 1859 9 23 Digital Digital NNP 1859 9 24 Millennium Millennium NNP 1859 9 25 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 9 26 Act Act NNP 1859 9 27 can can MD 1859 9 28 grant grant VB 1859 9 29 extremely extremely RB 1859 9 30 limited limited JJ 1859 9 31 exemptions exemption NNS 1859 9 32 and and CC 1859 9 33 only only RB 1859 9 34 every every DT 1859 9 35 three three CD 1859 9 36 years year NNS 1859 9 37 . . . 1859 10 1 This this DT 1859 10 2 state state NN 1859 10 3 of of IN 1859 10 4 affairs affair NNS 1859 10 5 is be VBZ 1859 10 6 an an DT 1859 10 7 indication indication NN 1859 10 8 that that IN 1859 10 9 the the DT 1859 10 10 law law NN 1859 10 11 needs need VBZ 1859 10 12 to to TO 1859 10 13 be be VB 1859 10 14 changed change VBN 1859 10 15 . . . 1859 10 16 ”3 ”3 '' 1859 10 17 This this DT 1859 10 18 paper paper NN 1859 10 19 provides provide VBZ 1859 10 20 a a DT 1859 10 21 brief brief JJ 1859 10 22 overview overview NN 1859 10 23 of of IN 1859 10 24 the the DT 1859 10 25 current current JJ 1859 10 26 state state NN 1859 10 27 of of IN 1859 10 28 U.S. U.S. NNP 1859 10 29 copyright copyright NN 1859 10 30 law law NN 1859 10 31 , , , 1859 10 32 especially especially RB 1859 10 33 developments development NNS 1859 10 34 during during IN 1859 10 35 the the DT 1859 10 36 past past JJ 1859 10 37 fifteen fifteen CD 1859 10 38 years year NNS 1859 10 39 , , , 1859 10 40 with with IN 1859 10 41 a a DT 1859 10 42 focus focus NN 1859 10 43 on on IN 1859 10 44 the the DT 1859 10 45 negative negative JJ 1859 10 46 impact impact NN 1859 10 47 these these DT 1859 10 48 policies policy NNS 1859 10 49 have have VBP 1859 10 50 had have VBN 1859 10 51 and and CC 1859 10 52 will will MD 1859 10 53 continue continue VB 1859 10 54 to to TO 1859 10 55 have have VB 1859 10 56 on on IN 1859 10 57 libraries library NNS 1859 10 58 , , , 1859 10 59 librarians librarian NNS 1859 10 60 , , , 1859 10 61 and and CC 1859 10 62 the the DT 1859 10 63 patrons patron NNS 1859 10 64 they -PRON- PRP 1859 10 65 serve serve VBP 1859 10 66 . . . 1859 11 1 This this DT 1859 11 2 paper paper NN 1859 11 3 does do VBZ 1859 11 4 not not RB 1859 11 5 provide provide VB 1859 11 6 a a DT 1859 11 7 comprehensive comprehensive JJ 1859 11 8 and and CC 1859 11 9 impartial impartial JJ 1859 11 10 primer primer NN 1859 11 11 on on IN 1859 11 12 copyright copyright NN 1859 11 13 law law NN 1859 11 14 , , , 1859 11 15 a a DT 1859 11 16 complex complex JJ 1859 11 17 Abigail Abigail NNP 1859 11 18 J. J. NNP 1859 11 19 McDermott McDermott NNP 1859 11 20 ( ( -LRB- 1859 11 21 ajmcderm@umd.edu ajmcderm@umd.edu NN 1859 11 22 ) ) -RRB- 1859 11 23 is be VBZ 1859 11 24 Graduate Graduate NNP 1859 11 25 Research Research NNP 1859 11 26 Associate Associate NNP 1859 11 27 , , , 1859 11 28 The the DT 1859 11 29 Information Information NNP 1859 11 30 Policy Policy NNP 1859 11 31 and and CC 1859 11 32 Access Access NNP 1859 11 33 Center Center NNP 1859 11 34 ( ( -LRB- 1859 11 35 iPAC ipac NN 1859 11 36 ) ) -RRB- 1859 11 37 , , , 1859 11 38 and and CC 1859 11 39 Masters Masters NNP 1859 11 40 Candidate Candidate NNP 1859 11 41 in in IN 1859 11 42 Library Library NNP 1859 11 43 Science Science NNP 1859 11 44 , , , 1859 11 45 University University NNP 1859 11 46 of of IN 1859 11 47 Maryland Maryland NNP 1859 11 48 , , , 1859 11 49 College College NNP 1859 11 50 Park Park NNP 1859 11 51 . . . 1859 12 1 mailto:ajmcderm@umd.edu mailto:ajmcderm@umd.edu NNP 1859 12 2 COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHT NNP 1859 12 3 : : : 1859 12 4 REGULATION regulation NN 1859 12 5 OUT out IN 1859 12 6 OF of IN 1859 12 7 LINE line NN 1859 12 8 WITH with IN 1859 12 9 OUR our PRP$ 1859 12 10 DIGITAL DIGITAL NNP 1859 12 11 REALITY REALITY NNP 1859 12 12 | | NNP 1859 12 13 MCDERMOTT MCDERMOTT NNP 1859 12 14 8 8 CD 1859 12 15 and and CC 1859 12 16 convoluted convolute VBN 1859 12 17 topic topic NN 1859 12 18 , , , 1859 12 19 instead instead RB 1859 12 20 identifying identify VBG 1859 12 21 concerns concern NNS 1859 12 22 about about IN 1859 12 23 the the DT 1859 12 24 effects effect NNS 1859 12 25 an an DT 1859 12 26 out out JJ 1859 12 27 - - HYPH 1859 12 28 of of IN 1859 12 29 - - HYPH 1859 12 30 balance balance NN 1859 12 31 intellectual intellectual JJ 1859 12 32 property property NN 1859 12 33 system system NN 1859 12 34 is be VBZ 1859 12 35 having have VBG 1859 12 36 on on IN 1859 12 37 the the DT 1859 12 38 library library NN 1859 12 39 profession profession NN 1859 12 40 , , , 1859 12 41 library library JJ 1859 12 42 services service NNS 1859 12 43 , , , 1859 12 44 and and CC 1859 12 45 creative creative JJ 1859 12 46 expression expression NN 1859 12 47 in in IN 1859 12 48 our -PRON- PRP$ 1859 12 49 digital digital JJ 1859 12 50 age age NN 1859 12 51 . . . 1859 13 1 As as IN 1859 13 2 with with IN 1859 13 3 any any DT 1859 13 4 area area NN 1859 13 5 of of IN 1859 13 6 public public JJ 1859 13 7 policy policy NN 1859 13 8 , , , 1859 13 9 the the DT 1859 13 10 battles battle NNS 1859 13 11 over over IN 1859 13 12 intellectual intellectual JJ 1859 13 13 property property NN 1859 13 14 issues issue NNS 1859 13 15 create create VBP 1859 13 16 an an DT 1859 13 17 every every DT 1859 13 18 fluctuating fluctuate VBG 1859 13 19 copyright copyright NN 1859 13 20 environment environment NN 1859 13 21 , , , 1859 13 22 and and CC 1859 13 23 therefore therefore RB 1859 13 24 , , , 1859 13 25 this this DT 1859 13 26 article article NN 1859 13 27 is be VBZ 1859 13 28 written write VBN 1859 13 29 to to TO 1859 13 30 be be VB 1859 13 31 current current JJ 1859 13 32 with with IN 1859 13 33 policy policy NN 1859 13 34 developments development NNS 1859 13 35 as as IN 1859 13 36 of of IN 1859 13 37 October October NNP 1859 13 38 2011 2011 CD 1859 13 39 . . . 1859 14 1 Finally finally RB 1859 14 2 , , , 1859 14 3 this this DT 1859 14 4 paper paper NN 1859 14 5 recommends recommend VBZ 1859 14 6 that that IN 1859 14 7 librarians librarian NNS 1859 14 8 seek seek VBP 1859 14 9 to to TO 1859 14 10 better well RBR 1859 14 11 educate educate VB 1859 14 12 themselves -PRON- PRP 1859 14 13 about about IN 1859 14 14 copyright copyright NN 1859 14 15 law law NN 1859 14 16 , , , 1859 14 17 and and CC 1859 14 18 some some DT 1859 14 19 innovative innovative JJ 1859 14 20 responses response NNS 1859 14 21 to to IN 1859 14 22 an an DT 1859 14 23 overly overly RB 1859 14 24 restrictive restrictive JJ 1859 14 25 system system NN 1859 14 26 , , , 1859 14 27 so so IN 1859 14 28 that that IN 1859 14 29 we -PRON- PRP 1859 14 30 can can MD 1859 14 31 effectively effectively RB 1859 14 32 advocate advocate VB 1859 14 33 on on IN 1859 14 34 our -PRON- PRP$ 1859 14 35 own own JJ 1859 14 36 behalf behalf NN 1859 14 37 , , , 1859 14 38 and and CC 1859 14 39 better well RBR 1859 14 40 serve serve VB 1859 14 41 our -PRON- PRP$ 1859 14 42 patrons patron NNS 1859 14 43 . . . 1859 15 1 THE the DT 1859 15 2 STATE STATE NNP 1859 15 3 OF of IN 1859 15 4 U.S. U.S. NNP 1859 16 1 COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHT NNP 1859 16 2 LAW LAW NNP 1859 16 3 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 16 4 law law NN 1859 16 5 is be VBZ 1859 16 6 a a DT 1859 16 7 response response NN 1859 16 8 to to IN 1859 16 9 what what WP 1859 16 10 is be VBZ 1859 16 11 known know VBN 1859 16 12 as as IN 1859 16 13 the the DT 1859 16 14 “ " `` 1859 16 15 progress progress NN 1859 16 16 clause clause NN 1859 16 17 ” " '' 1859 16 18 of of IN 1859 16 19 the the DT 1859 16 20 Constitution Constitution NNP 1859 16 21 , , , 1859 16 22 which which WDT 1859 16 23 charges charge VBZ 1859 16 24 Congress Congress NNP 1859 16 25 with with IN 1859 16 26 the the DT 1859 16 27 responsibility responsibility NN 1859 16 28 “ " `` 1859 16 29 to to TO 1859 16 30 promote promote VB 1859 16 31 the the DT 1859 16 32 Progress Progress NNP 1859 16 33 of of IN 1859 16 34 Science Science NNP 1859 16 35 and and CC 1859 16 36 the the DT 1859 16 37 useful useful JJ 1859 16 38 Arts art NNS 1859 16 39 . . . 1859 17 1 . . . 1859 18 1 . . . 1859 19 1 to to IN 1859 19 2 this this DT 1859 19 3 end end NN 1859 19 4 , , , 1859 19 5 copyright copyright NN 1859 19 6 assures assure NNS 1859 19 7 authors author NNS 1859 19 8 the the DT 1859 19 9 right right NN 1859 19 10 to to IN 1859 19 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 1859 19 12 original original JJ 1859 19 13 expression expression NN 1859 19 14 , , , 1859 19 15 but but CC 1859 19 16 encourages encourage VBZ 1859 19 17 others other NNS 1859 19 18 to to TO 1859 19 19 build build VB 1859 19 20 freely freely RB 1859 19 21 upon upon IN 1859 19 22 the the DT 1859 19 23 ideas idea NNS 1859 19 24 and and CC 1859 19 25 information information NN 1859 19 26 conveyed convey VBN 1859 19 27 by by IN 1859 19 28 a a DT 1859 19 29 work work NN 1859 19 30 . . . 1859 19 31 ”4 ”4 NNP 1859 19 32 Fair Fair NNP 1859 19 33 use use NN 1859 19 34 , , , 1859 19 35 a a DT 1859 19 36 statutory statutory JJ 1859 19 37 exception exception NN 1859 19 38 to to IN 1859 19 39 U.S. U.S. NNP 1859 19 40 copyright copyright NN 1859 19 41 law law NN 1859 19 42 , , , 1859 19 43 is be VBZ 1859 19 44 a a DT 1859 19 45 complex complex JJ 1859 19 46 subject subject NN 1859 19 47 , , , 1859 19 48 but but CC 1859 19 49 a a DT 1859 19 50 brief brief JJ 1859 19 51 examination examination NN 1859 19 52 of of IN 1859 19 53 the the DT 1859 19 54 principle principle NN 1859 19 55 gets get VBZ 1859 19 56 to to IN 1859 19 57 the the DT 1859 19 58 heart heart NN 1859 19 59 of of IN 1859 19 60 copyright copyright NN 1859 19 61 law law NN 1859 19 62 itself -PRON- PRP 1859 19 63 . . . 1859 20 1 When when WRB 1859 20 2 determining determine VBG 1859 20 3 fair fair JJ 1859 20 4 use use NN 1859 20 5 , , , 1859 20 6 courts court NNS 1859 20 7 consider consider VBP 1859 20 8 1 1 CD 1859 20 9 . . . 1859 20 10 the the DT 1859 20 11 purpose purpose NN 1859 20 12 and and CC 1859 20 13 character character NN 1859 20 14 of of IN 1859 20 15 the the DT 1859 20 16 use use NN 1859 20 17 ; ; : 1859 20 18 2 2 LS 1859 20 19 . . . 1859 20 20 the the DT 1859 20 21 nature nature NN 1859 20 22 of of IN 1859 20 23 the the DT 1859 20 24 copyrighted copyright VBN 1859 20 25 work work NN 1859 20 26 ; ; : 1859 20 27 3 3 LS 1859 20 28 . . . 1859 20 29 the the DT 1859 20 30 amount amount NN 1859 20 31 and and CC 1859 20 32 substantiality substantiality NN 1859 20 33 of of IN 1859 20 34 the the DT 1859 20 35 portion portion NN 1859 20 36 used use VBN 1859 20 37 in in IN 1859 20 38 relation relation NN 1859 20 39 to to IN 1859 20 40 the the DT 1859 20 41 copyrighted copyright VBN 1859 20 42 work work NN 1859 20 43 as as IN 1859 20 44 a a DT 1859 20 45 whole whole NN 1859 20 46 ; ; : 1859 20 47 and and CC 1859 20 48 4 4 CD 1859 20 49 . . . 1859 20 50 the the DT 1859 20 51 effect effect NN 1859 20 52 of of IN 1859 20 53 the the DT 1859 20 54 use use NN 1859 20 55 upon upon IN 1859 20 56 the the DT 1859 20 57 potential potential JJ 1859 20 58 market market NN 1859 20 59 for for IN 1859 20 60 the the DT 1859 20 61 copyrighted copyright VBN 1859 20 62 work.5 work.5 CD 1859 20 63 While while IN 1859 20 64 fair fair JJ 1859 20 65 use use NN 1859 20 66 is be VBZ 1859 20 67 an an DT 1859 20 68 “ " `` 1859 20 69 affirmative affirmative JJ 1859 20 70 defense defense NN 1859 20 71 ” " '' 1859 20 72 to to IN 1859 20 73 copyright copyright VB 1859 20 74 infringement,6 infringement,6 JJ 1859 20 75 invoking invoke VBG 1859 20 76 fair fair JJ 1859 20 77 use use NN 1859 20 78 is be VBZ 1859 20 79 not not RB 1859 20 80 the the DT 1859 20 81 same same JJ 1859 20 82 as as IN 1859 20 83 admitting admit VBG 1859 20 84 to to IN 1859 20 85 copyright copyright NN 1859 20 86 infringement infringement NN 1859 20 87 . . . 1859 21 1 Teaching teaching NN 1859 21 2 , , , 1859 21 3 scholarship scholarship NN 1859 21 4 , , , 1859 21 5 and and CC 1859 21 6 research research NN 1859 21 7 , , , 1859 21 8 as as RB 1859 21 9 well well RB 1859 21 10 as as IN 1859 21 11 instances instance NNS 1859 21 12 in in IN 1859 21 13 which which WDT 1859 21 14 the the DT 1859 21 15 use use NN 1859 21 16 is be VBZ 1859 21 17 not not RB 1859 21 18 - - HYPH 1859 21 19 for for IN 1859 21 20 - - HYPH 1859 21 21 profit profit NN 1859 21 22 and and CC 1859 21 23 noncommercial noncommercial NN 1859 21 24 , , , 1859 21 25 are be VBP 1859 21 26 all all DT 1859 21 27 legitimate legitimate JJ 1859 21 28 examples example NNS 1859 21 29 of of IN 1859 21 30 fair fair JJ 1859 21 31 use use NN 1859 21 32 , , , 1859 21 33 even even RB 1859 21 34 if if IN 1859 21 35 fair fair JJ 1859 21 36 use use NN 1859 21 37 is be VBZ 1859 21 38 determined determine VBN 1859 21 39 on on IN 1859 21 40 a a DT 1859 21 41 case case NN 1859 21 42 - - HYPH 1859 21 43 by by IN 1859 21 44 - - HYPH 1859 21 45 case case NN 1859 21 46 basis.7 basis.7 NN 1859 21 47 Despite despite IN 1859 21 48 the the DT 1859 21 49 byzantine byzantine JJ 1859 21 50 nature nature NN 1859 21 51 of of IN 1859 21 52 copyright copyright NN 1859 21 53 law law NN 1859 21 54 , , , 1859 21 55 there there EX 1859 21 56 are be VBP 1859 21 57 four four CD 1859 21 58 key key JJ 1859 21 59 issues issue NNS 1859 21 60 that that WDT 1859 21 61 present present VBP 1859 21 62 the the DT 1859 21 63 greatest great JJS 1859 21 64 challenges challenge NNS 1859 21 65 and and CC 1859 21 66 obstacles obstacle NNS 1859 21 67 to to IN 1859 21 68 librarians librarian NNS 1859 21 69 and and CC 1859 21 70 people people NNS 1859 21 71 in in IN 1859 21 72 general general NNP 1859 21 73 : : : 1859 21 74 the the DT 1859 21 75 effect effect NN 1859 21 76 of of IN 1859 21 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NN 1859 21 115 of of IN 1859 21 116 orphan orphan NN 1859 21 117 works work NNS 1859 21 118 . . . 1859 22 1 The the DT 1859 22 2 Digital Digital NNP 1859 22 3 Millennium Millennium NNP 1859 22 4 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 22 5 Act Act NNP 1859 22 6 ( ( -LRB- 1859 22 7 DMCA DMCA NNP 1859 22 8 ) ) -RRB- 1859 22 9 The the DT 1859 22 10 DMCA DMCA NNP 1859 22 11 has have VBZ 1859 22 12 been be VBN 1859 22 13 controversial controversial JJ 1859 22 14 since since IN 1859 22 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 1859 22 16 passage passage NN 1859 22 17 in in IN 1859 22 18 1998 1998 CD 1859 22 19 . . . 1859 23 1 Title Title NNP 1859 23 2 I I NNP 1859 23 3 of of IN 1859 23 4 the the DT 1859 23 5 DMCA DMCA NNP 1859 23 6 implements implement NNS 1859 23 7 two two CD 1859 23 8 1996 1996 CD 1859 23 9 World World NNP 1859 23 10 Intellectual Intellectual NNP 1859 23 11 Property Property NNP 1859 23 12 Organization Organization NNP 1859 23 13 ( ( -LRB- 1859 23 14 WIPO WIPO NNP 1859 23 15 ) ) -RRB- 1859 23 16 treaties treaty NNS 1859 23 17 that that WDT 1859 23 18 obligate obligate VBP 1859 23 19 member member NN 1859 23 20 states state NNS 1859 23 21 to to TO 1859 23 22 enforce enforce VB 1859 23 23 laws law NNS 1859 23 24 that that WDT 1859 23 25 make make VBP 1859 23 26 tampering tamper VBG 1859 23 27 with with IN 1859 23 28 DRM DRM NNP 1859 23 29 software software NN 1859 23 30 illegal illegal JJ 1859 23 31 . . . 1859 24 1 The the DT 1859 24 2 DMCA DMCA NNP 1859 24 3 added add VBN 1859 24 4 chapter chapter NN 1859 24 5 12 12 CD 1859 24 6 to to IN 1859 24 7 the the DT 1859 24 8 U.S. U.S. NNP 1859 25 1 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 25 2 Act Act NNP 1859 25 3 ( ( -LRB- 1859 25 4 17 17 CD 1859 25 5 U.S.C. U.S.C. NNP 1859 26 1 § § ADD 1859 26 2 § § ADD 1859 26 3 1201–1205 1201–1205 CD 1859 26 4 ) ) -RRB- 1859 26 5 , , , 1859 26 6 and and CC 1859 26 7 it -PRON- PRP 1859 26 8 criminalized criminalize VBD 1859 26 9 the the DT 1859 26 10 trafficking trafficking NN 1859 26 11 of of IN 1859 26 12 “ " `` 1859 26 13 technologies technology NNS 1859 26 14 designed design VBN 1859 26 15 to to IN 1859 26 16 circumvent circumvent JJ 1859 26 17 access access NN 1859 26 18 control control NN 1859 26 19 devices device NNS 1859 26 20 protecting protect VBG 1859 26 21 copyrighted copyright VBN 1859 26 22 material material NN 1859 26 23 from from IN 1859 26 24 unauthorized unauthorized JJ 1859 26 25 INFORMATION INFORMATION NNP 1859 26 26 TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY NNP 1859 26 27 AND and CC 1859 26 28 LIBRARIES library NNS 1859 26 29 | | NNP 1859 26 30 MARCH MARCH NNP 1859 26 31 2012 2012 CD 1859 26 32 9 9 CD 1859 26 33 copying copying NN 1859 26 34 or or CC 1859 26 35 use use NN 1859 26 36 . . . 1859 26 37 ”8 ”8 '' 1859 26 38 While while IN 1859 26 39 film film NN 1859 26 40 studios studio NNS 1859 26 41 , , , 1859 26 42 e e NN 1859 26 43 - - HYPH 1859 26 44 book book NN 1859 26 45 publishers publisher NNS 1859 26 46 , , , 1859 26 47 and and CC 1859 26 48 record record NN 1859 26 49 producers producer NNS 1859 26 50 have have VBP 1859 26 51 the the DT 1859 26 52 right right NN 1859 26 53 to to TO 1859 26 54 protect protect VB 1859 26 55 their -PRON- PRP$ 1859 26 56 intellectual intellectual JJ 1859 26 57 property property NN 1859 26 58 from from IN 1859 26 59 illegal illegal JJ 1859 26 60 pirating pirating NN 1859 26 61 , , , 1859 26 62 the the DT 1859 26 63 DMCA DMCA NNP 1859 26 64 struck strike VBD 1859 26 65 a a DT 1859 26 66 serious serious JJ 1859 26 67 blow blow NN 1859 26 68 to to IN 1859 26 69 the the DT 1859 26 70 principle principle NN 1859 26 71 of of IN 1859 26 72 fair fair JJ 1859 26 73 use use NN 1859 26 74 , , , 1859 26 75 placing place VBG 1859 26 76 librarians librarian NNS 1859 26 77 and and CC 1859 26 78 others other NNS 1859 26 79 who who WP 1859 26 80 could could MD 1859 26 81 likely likely RB 1859 26 82 claim claim VB 1859 26 83 fair fair JJ 1859 26 84 use use NN 1859 26 85 when when WRB 1859 26 86 copying copy VBG 1859 26 87 a a DT 1859 26 88 DVD dvd NN 1859 26 89 or or CC 1859 26 90 PDF pdf NN 1859 26 91 file file NN 1859 26 92 in in IN 1859 26 93 a a DT 1859 26 94 Catch-22 catch-22 CD 1859 26 95 scenario scenario NN 1859 26 96 . . . 1859 27 1 While while IN 1859 27 2 the the DT 1859 27 3 act act NN 1859 27 4 of of IN 1859 27 5 copying copy VBG 1859 27 6 the the DT 1859 27 7 file file NN 1859 27 8 may may MD 1859 27 9 be be VB 1859 27 10 legal legal JJ 1859 27 11 according accord VBG 1859 27 12 to to IN 1859 27 13 fair fair JJ 1859 27 14 use use NN 1859 27 15 , , , 1859 27 16 breaking break VBG 1859 27 17 through through IN 1859 27 18 any any DT 1859 27 19 DRM DRM NNP 1859 27 20 technology technology NN 1859 27 21 that that WDT 1859 27 22 prevents prevent VBZ 1859 27 23 that that IN 1859 27 24 copying copying NN 1859 27 25 is be VBZ 1859 27 26 now now RB 1859 27 27 illegal.9 illegal.9 NNS 1859 27 28 The the DT 1859 27 29 Sonny Sonny NNP 1859 27 30 Bono Bono NNP 1859 27 31 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 27 32 Term Term NNP 1859 27 33 Extension Extension NNP 1859 27 34 Act Act NNP 1859 27 35 While while IN 1859 27 36 the the DT 1859 27 37 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 27 38 Act Act NNP 1859 27 39 of of IN 1859 27 40 1790 1790 CD 1859 27 41 only only RB 1859 27 42 provided provide VBD 1859 27 43 authors author NNS 1859 27 44 and and CC 1859 27 45 publishers publisher NNS 1859 27 46 with with IN 1859 27 47 twenty twenty CD 1859 27 48 - - HYPH 1859 27 49 eight eight CD 1859 27 50 years year NNS 1859 27 51 of of IN 1859 27 52 copyright copyright NN 1859 27 53 protection protection NN 1859 27 54 , , , 1859 27 55 the the DT 1859 27 56 Sonny Sonny NNP 1859 27 57 Bono Bono NNP 1859 27 58 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 27 59 Term Term NNP 1859 27 60 Extension Extension NNP 1859 27 61 Act Act NNP 1859 27 62 of of IN 1859 27 63 1998 1998 CD 1859 27 64 increased increase VBD 1859 27 65 the the DT 1859 27 66 copyright copyright NN 1859 27 67 terms term NNS 1859 27 68 of of IN 1859 27 69 all all DT 1859 27 70 copyrighted copyright VBN 1859 27 71 works work NNS 1859 27 72 that that WDT 1859 27 73 were be VBD 1859 27 74 eligible eligible JJ 1859 27 75 for for IN 1859 27 76 renewal renewal NN 1859 27 77 in in IN 1859 27 78 1998 1998 CD 1859 27 79 to to IN 1859 27 80 ninety ninety CD 1859 27 81 - - HYPH 1859 27 82 five five CD 1859 27 83 years year NNS 1859 27 84 after after IN 1859 27 85 the the DT 1859 27 86 year year NN 1859 27 87 of of IN 1859 27 88 the the DT 1859 27 89 creator creator NN 1859 27 90 ’s ’s POS 1859 27 91 death death NN 1859 27 92 . . . 1859 28 1 In in IN 1859 28 2 addition addition NN 1859 28 3 , , , 1859 28 4 all all DT 1859 28 5 works work NNS 1859 28 6 copyrighted copyright VBN 1859 28 7 on on IN 1859 28 8 or or CC 1859 28 9 after after IN 1859 28 10 January January NNP 1859 28 11 1 1 CD 1859 28 12 , , , 1859 28 13 1978 1978 CD 1859 28 14 , , , 1859 28 15 now now RB 1859 28 16 receive receive VB 1859 28 17 copyright copyright NN 1859 28 18 protection protection NN 1859 28 19 for for IN 1859 28 20 the the DT 1859 28 21 life life NN 1859 28 22 of of IN 1859 28 23 the the DT 1859 28 24 creator creator NN 1859 28 25 plus plus CC 1859 28 26 seventy seventy CD 1859 28 27 years year NNS 1859 28 28 ( ( -LRB- 1859 28 29 or or CC 1859 28 30 ninety ninety CD 1859 28 31 - - HYPH 1859 28 32 five five CD 1859 28 33 years year NNS 1859 28 34 from from IN 1859 28 35 the the DT 1859 28 36 date date NN 1859 28 37 of of IN 1859 28 38 publication publication NN 1859 28 39 for for IN 1859 28 40 works work NNS 1859 28 41 produced produce VBN 1859 28 42 by by IN 1859 28 43 multiple multiple JJ 1859 28 44 creators).10 creators).10 NN 1859 28 45 Jack Jack NNP 1859 28 46 Valenti Valenti NNP 1859 28 47 , , , 1859 28 48 former former JJ 1859 28 49 president president NN 1859 28 50 of of IN 1859 28 51 the the DT 1859 28 52 Motion Motion NNP 1859 28 53 Picture Picture NNP 1859 28 54 Association Association NNP 1859 28 55 of of IN 1859 28 56 American American NNP 1859 28 57 , , , 1859 28 58 was be VBD 1859 28 59 not not RB 1859 28 60 successful successful JJ 1859 28 61 in in IN 1859 28 62 pushing push VBG 1859 28 63 copyright copyright NN 1859 28 64 law law NN 1859 28 65 past past IN 1859 28 66 the the DT 1859 28 67 bounds bound NNS 1859 28 68 of of IN 1859 28 69 the the DT 1859 28 70 Constitution Constitution NNP 1859 28 71 , , , 1859 28 72 which which WDT 1859 28 73 mandates mandate VBZ 1859 28 74 that that IN 1859 28 75 copyright copyright NN 1859 28 76 be be VB 1859 28 77 limited limit VBN 1859 28 78 , , , 1859 28 79 although although IN 1859 28 80 he -PRON- PRP 1859 28 81 did do VBD 1859 28 82 try try VB 1859 28 83 to to TO 1859 28 84 circumvent circumvent VB 1859 28 85 this this DT 1859 28 86 Constitutional constitutional JJ 1859 28 87 requirement requirement NN 1859 28 88 by by IN 1859 28 89 suggesting suggest VBG 1859 28 90 that that IN 1859 28 91 copyright copyright NN 1859 28 92 terms term NNS 1859 28 93 last last VBP 1859 28 94 forever forever RB 1859 28 95 less less JJR 1859 28 96 one one CD 1859 28 97 day.11 day.11 NN 1859 28 98 The the DT 1859 28 99 Era era NN 1859 28 100 of of IN 1859 28 101 Automatic automatic JJ 1859 28 102 Copyright copyright NN 1859 28 103 Registration Registration NNP 1859 28 104 Perhaps perhaps RB 1859 28 105 the the DT 1859 28 106 most most RBS 1859 28 107 problematic problematic JJ 1859 28 108 facet facet NN 1859 28 109 of of IN 1859 28 110 modern modern JJ 1859 28 111 U.S. U.S. NNP 1859 28 112 copyright copyright NN 1859 28 113 law law NN 1859 28 114 appears appear VBZ 1859 28 115 at at IN 1859 28 116 first first JJ 1859 28 117 glance glance NN 1859 28 118 to to TO 1859 28 119 be be VB 1859 28 120 the the DT 1859 28 121 most most RBS 1859 28 122 innocuous innocuous JJ 1859 28 123 . . . 1859 29 1 The the DT 1859 29 2 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 29 3 Act Act NNP 1859 29 4 of of IN 1859 29 5 1976 1976 CD 1859 29 6 did do VBD 1859 29 7 away away RB 1859 29 8 with with IN 1859 29 9 the the DT 1859 29 10 registration registration NN 1859 29 11 requirement requirement NN 1859 29 12 established establish VBN 1859 29 13 by by IN 1859 29 14 the the DT 1859 29 15 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 29 16 Act Act NNP 1859 29 17 of of IN 1859 29 18 1790.12 1790.12 CD 1859 29 19 That that DT 1859 29 20 means mean VBZ 1859 29 21 that that IN 1859 29 22 any any DT 1859 29 23 creative creative JJ 1859 29 24 work work NN 1859 29 25 “ " `` 1859 29 26 fixed fix VBN 1859 29 27 in in IN 1859 29 28 any any DT 1859 29 29 tangible tangible JJ 1859 29 30 medium medium NN 1859 29 31 of of IN 1859 29 32 expression expression NN 1859 29 33 ” " '' 1859 29 34 is be VBZ 1859 29 35 automatically automatically RB 1859 29 36 copyrighted copyright VBN 1859 29 37 at at IN 1859 29 38 the the DT 1859 29 39 moment moment NN 1859 29 40 of of IN 1859 29 41 its -PRON- PRP$ 1859 29 42 creation.13 creation.13 NNP 1859 29 43 That that WDT 1859 29 44 includes include VBZ 1859 29 45 family family NN 1859 29 46 vacation vacation NN 1859 29 47 photos photo NNS 1859 29 48 stored store VBN 1859 29 49 on on IN 1859 29 50 a a DT 1859 29 51 computer computer NN 1859 29 52 hard hard JJ 1859 29 53 drive drive NN 1859 29 54 ; ; : 1859 29 55 they -PRON- PRP 1859 29 56 are be VBP 1859 29 57 copyrighted copyright VBN 1859 29 58 and and CC 1859 29 59 your -PRON- PRP$ 1859 29 60 permission permission NN 1859 29 61 is be VBZ 1859 29 62 required require VBN 1859 29 63 to to TO 1859 29 64 use use VB 1859 29 65 them -PRON- PRP 1859 29 66 . . . 1859 30 1 The the DT 1859 30 2 previous previous JJ 1859 30 3 requirement requirement NN 1859 30 4 of of IN 1859 30 5 registration registration NN 1859 30 6 meant mean VBN 1859 30 7 authors author NNS 1859 30 8 and and CC 1859 30 9 creators creator NNS 1859 30 10 had have VBD 1859 30 11 to to TO 1859 30 12 actively actively RB 1859 30 13 register register VB 1859 30 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 1859 30 15 works work NNS 1859 30 16 , , , 1859 30 17 so so RB 1859 30 18 anything anything NN 1859 30 19 that that WDT 1859 30 20 was be VBD 1859 30 21 not not RB 1859 30 22 registered register VBN 1859 30 23 entered enter VBD 1859 30 24 the the DT 1859 30 25 public public JJ 1859 30 26 domain domain NN 1859 30 27 , , , 1859 30 28 replenishing replenish VBG 1859 30 29 that that IN 1859 30 30 important important JJ 1859 30 31 cultural cultural JJ 1859 30 32 realm.14 realm.14 NNP 1859 30 33 Now now RB 1859 30 34 that that IN 1859 30 35 copyright copyright NN 1859 30 36 attaches attach VBZ 1859 30 37 at at IN 1859 30 38 the the DT 1859 30 39 moment moment NN 1859 30 40 an an DT 1859 30 41 idea idea NN 1859 30 42 is be VBZ 1859 30 43 expressed express VBN 1859 30 44 through through IN 1859 30 45 a a DT 1859 30 46 cocktail cocktail NN 1859 30 47 napkin napkin NN 1859 30 48 doodle doodle NN 1859 30 49 or or CC 1859 30 50 an an DT 1859 30 51 outline outline NN 1859 30 52 , , , 1859 30 53 virtually virtually RB 1859 30 54 nothing nothing NN 1859 30 55 new new JJ 1859 30 56 enters enter VBZ 1859 30 57 the the DT 1859 30 58 public public JJ 1859 30 59 domain domain NN 1859 30 60 until until IN 1859 30 61 its -PRON- PRP$ 1859 30 62 copyright copyright NN 1859 30 63 term term NN 1859 30 64 expires expire VBZ 1859 30 65 — — : 1859 30 66 at at RB 1859 30 67 least least JJS 1859 30 68 seventy seventy CD 1859 30 69 years year NNS 1859 30 70 later later RB 1859 30 71 . . . 1859 31 1 In in IN 1859 31 2 fact fact NN 1859 31 3 , , , 1859 31 4 nothing nothing NN 1859 31 5 new new JJ 1859 31 6 will will MD 1859 31 7 enter enter VB 1859 31 8 the the DT 1859 31 9 public public JJ 1859 31 10 domain domain NN 1859 31 11 through through IN 1859 31 12 copyright copyright NN 1859 31 13 expiration expiration NN 1859 31 14 until until IN 1859 31 15 2019 2019 CD 1859 31 16 . . . 1859 32 1 Until until IN 1859 32 2 then then RB 1859 32 3 , , , 1859 32 4 the the DT 1859 32 5 public public JJ 1859 32 6 domain domain NN 1859 32 7 is be VBZ 1859 32 8 essentially essentially RB 1859 32 9 frozen freeze VBN 1859 32 10 in in IN 1859 32 11 the the DT 1859 32 12 year year NN 1859 32 13 1922.15 1922.15 CD 1859 32 14 The the DT 1859 32 15 Problem problem NN 1859 32 16 of of IN 1859 32 17 Orphan Orphan NNP 1859 32 18 Works work VBZ 1859 32 19 In in IN 1859 32 20 addition addition NN 1859 32 21 , , , 1859 32 22 the the DT 1859 32 23 incredibly incredibly RB 1859 32 24 long long JJ 1859 32 25 copyright copyright NN 1859 32 26 terms term NNS 1859 32 27 that that WDT 1859 32 28 apply apply VBP 1859 32 29 to to IN 1859 32 30 all all DT 1859 32 31 books book NNS 1859 32 32 , , , 1859 32 33 photographs photograph NNS 1859 32 34 , , , 1859 32 35 and and CC 1859 32 36 sound sound JJ 1859 32 37 recordings recording NNS 1859 32 38 have have VBP 1859 32 39 created create VBN 1859 32 40 the the DT 1859 32 41 problem problem NN 1859 32 42 of of IN 1859 32 43 orphan orphan NN 1859 32 44 works work NNS 1859 32 45 . . . 1859 33 1 Orphan Orphan NNP 1859 33 2 works work NNS 1859 33 3 are be VBP 1859 33 4 those those DT 1859 33 5 works work NNS 1859 33 6 that that WDT 1859 33 7 are be VBP 1859 33 8 under under IN 1859 33 9 copyright copyright NN 1859 33 10 protection protection NN 1859 33 11 , , , 1859 33 12 but but CC 1859 33 13 whose whose WP$ 1859 33 14 owners owner NNS 1859 33 15 are be VBP 1859 33 16 difficult difficult JJ 1859 33 17 or or CC 1859 33 18 impossible impossible JJ 1859 33 19 to to TO 1859 33 20 locate locate VB 1859 33 21 , , , 1859 33 22 often often RB 1859 33 23 due due JJ 1859 33 24 to to IN 1859 33 25 death.16 death.16 NNP 1859 33 26 These these DT 1859 33 27 publications publication NNS 1859 33 28 are be VBP 1859 33 29 problematic problematic JJ 1859 33 30 for for IN 1859 33 31 researchers researcher NNS 1859 33 32 , , , 1859 33 33 librarians librarian NNS 1859 33 34 , , , 1859 33 35 and and CC 1859 33 36 the the DT 1859 33 37 public public NN 1859 33 38 in in IN 1859 33 39 general general JJ 1859 33 40 : : : 1859 33 41 Orphan Orphan NNP 1859 33 42 works work NNS 1859 33 43 are be VBP 1859 33 44 perceived perceive VBN 1859 33 45 to to TO 1859 33 46 be be VB 1859 33 47 inaccessible inaccessible JJ 1859 33 48 because because IN 1859 33 49 of of IN 1859 33 50 the the DT 1859 33 51 risk risk NN 1859 33 52 of of IN 1859 33 53 infringement infringement NN 1859 33 54 liability liability NN 1859 33 55 that that IN 1859 33 56 a a DT 1859 33 57 user user NN 1859 33 58 might may MD 1859 33 59 incur incur VB 1859 33 60 if if IN 1859 33 61 and and CC 1859 33 62 when when WRB 1859 33 63 a a DT 1859 33 64 copyright copyright NN 1859 33 65 owner owner NN 1859 33 66 subsequently subsequently RB 1859 33 67 appears appear VBZ 1859 33 68 . . . 1859 34 1 Consequently consequently RB 1859 34 2 , , , 1859 34 3 many many JJ 1859 34 4 works work NNS 1859 34 5 that that WDT 1859 34 6 are be VBP 1859 34 7 , , , 1859 34 8 COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHT NNP 1859 34 9 : : : 1859 34 10 REGULATION regulation NN 1859 34 11 OUT out IN 1859 34 12 OF of IN 1859 34 13 LINE line NN 1859 34 14 WITH with IN 1859 34 15 OUR our PRP$ 1859 34 16 DIGITAL DIGITAL NNP 1859 34 17 REALITY REALITY NNP 1859 34 18 | | NNP 1859 34 19 MCDERMOTT MCDERMOTT NNP 1859 34 20 10 10 CD 1859 34 21 in in IN 1859 34 22 fact fact NN 1859 34 23 , , , 1859 34 24 abandoned abandon VBN 1859 34 25 by by IN 1859 34 26 owners owner NNS 1859 34 27 are be VBP 1859 34 28 withheld withhold VBN 1859 34 29 from from IN 1859 34 30 public public JJ 1859 34 31 view view NN 1859 34 32 and and CC 1859 34 33 circulation circulation NN 1859 34 34 because because IN 1859 34 35 of of IN 1859 34 36 uncertainty uncertainty NN 1859 34 37 about about IN 1859 34 38 the the DT 1859 34 39 owner owner NN 1859 34 40 and and CC 1859 34 41 the the DT 1859 34 42 risk risk NN 1859 34 43 of of IN 1859 34 44 liability.17 liability.17 NNP 1859 34 45 If if IN 1859 34 46 copyright copyright NN 1859 34 47 expired expire VBD 1859 34 48 with with IN 1859 34 49 the the DT 1859 34 50 death death NN 1859 34 51 of of IN 1859 34 52 the the DT 1859 34 53 author author NN 1859 34 54 , , , 1859 34 55 or or CC 1859 34 56 if if IN 1859 34 57 there there EX 1859 34 58 were be VBD 1859 34 59 a a DT 1859 34 60 clause clause NN 1859 34 61 that that WDT 1859 34 62 would would MD 1859 34 63 allow allow VB 1859 34 64 these these DT 1859 34 65 works work NNS 1859 34 66 to to TO 1859 34 67 pass pass VB 1859 34 68 into into IN 1859 34 69 the the DT 1859 34 70 public public JJ 1859 34 71 domain domain NN 1859 34 72 if if IN 1859 34 73 the the DT 1859 34 74 copyright copyright NN 1859 34 75 holder holder NN 1859 34 76 ’s ’s POS 1859 34 77 heirs heir NNS 1859 34 78 did do VBD 1859 34 79 not not RB 1859 34 80 actively actively RB 1859 34 81 renew renew VB 1859 34 82 copyright copyright NN 1859 34 83 for for IN 1859 34 84 another another DT 1859 34 85 term term NN 1859 34 86 , , , 1859 34 87 then then RB 1859 34 88 these these DT 1859 34 89 materials material NNS 1859 34 90 would would MD 1859 34 91 be be VB 1859 34 92 far far RB 1859 34 93 less less RBR 1859 34 94 likely likely JJ 1859 34 95 to to TO 1859 34 96 fall fall VB 1859 34 97 into into IN 1859 34 98 legal legal JJ 1859 34 99 limbo limbo NN 1859 34 100 . . . 1859 35 1 Currently currently RB 1859 35 2 , , , 1859 35 3 many many JJ 1859 35 4 are be VBP 1859 35 5 protected protect VBN 1859 35 6 despite despite IN 1859 35 7 the the DT 1859 35 8 fact fact NN 1859 35 9 that that IN 1859 35 10 acquiring acquire VBG 1859 35 11 permission permission NN 1859 35 12 to to TO 1859 35 13 use use VB 1859 35 14 them -PRON- PRP 1859 35 15 is be VBZ 1859 35 16 all all DT 1859 35 17 but but CC 1859 35 18 impossible impossible JJ 1859 35 19 . . . 1859 36 1 A a DT 1859 36 2 study study NN 1859 36 3 of of IN 1859 36 4 orphan orphan NN 1859 36 5 works work VBZ 1859 36 6 in in IN 1859 36 7 the the DT 1859 36 8 collections collection NNS 1859 36 9 of of IN 1859 36 10 United United NNP 1859 36 11 Kingdom Kingdom NNP 1859 36 12 public public JJ 1859 36 13 sector sector NN 1859 36 14 institutions institution NNS 1859 36 15 found find VBD 1859 36 16 that that IN 1859 36 17 these these DT 1859 36 18 works work NNS 1859 36 19 are be VBP 1859 36 20 likely likely JJ 1859 36 21 to to TO 1859 36 22 have have VB 1859 36 23 little little JJ 1859 36 24 commercial commercial JJ 1859 36 25 value value NN 1859 36 26 , , , 1859 36 27 but but CC 1859 36 28 high high JJ 1859 36 29 “ " `` 1859 36 30 academic academic JJ 1859 36 31 and and CC 1859 36 32 cultural cultural JJ 1859 36 33 significance significance NN 1859 36 34 , , , 1859 36 35 ” " '' 1859 36 36 and and CC 1859 36 37 when when WRB 1859 36 38 contacted contact VBN 1859 36 39 , , , 1859 36 40 these these DT 1859 36 41 difficult difficult JJ 1859 36 42 - - HYPH 1859 36 43 to to IN 1859 36 44 - - HYPH 1859 36 45 trace trace NN 1859 36 46 rights right NNS 1859 36 47 holders holder NNS 1859 36 48 often often RB 1859 36 49 grant grant VBP 1859 36 50 permission permission NN 1859 36 51 for for IN 1859 36 52 reproduction reproduction NN 1859 36 53 without without IN 1859 36 54 asking ask VBG 1859 36 55 for for IN 1859 36 56 compensation.18 compensation.18 NNP 1859 36 57 Put put VB 1859 36 58 another another DT 1859 36 59 way way NN 1859 36 60 , , , 1859 36 61 orphan orphan NN 1859 36 62 works work NNS 1859 36 63 are be VBP 1859 36 64 essentially essentially RB 1859 36 65 “ " `` 1859 36 66 locking lock VBG 1859 36 67 up up RP 1859 36 68 culture culture NN 1859 36 69 and and CC 1859 36 70 other other JJ 1859 36 71 public public JJ 1859 36 72 sector sector NN 1859 36 73 content content NN 1859 36 74 and and CC 1859 36 75 preventing prevent VBG 1859 36 76 organizations organization NNS 1859 36 77 from from IN 1859 36 78 serving serve VBG 1859 36 79 the the DT 1859 36 80 public public JJ 1859 36 81 interest interest NN 1859 36 82 . . . 1859 36 83 ”19 ”19 UH 1859 36 84 The the DT 1859 36 85 row row NN 1859 36 86 that that WDT 1859 36 87 arose arise VBD 1859 36 88 in in IN 1859 36 89 September September NNP 1859 36 90 2011 2011 CD 1859 36 91 between between IN 1859 36 92 the the DT 1859 36 93 HathiTrust HathiTrust NNP 1859 36 94 institutions institution NNS 1859 36 95 and and CC 1859 36 96 the the DT 1859 36 97 Authors Authors NNP 1859 36 98 Guild Guild NNP 1859 36 99 over over IN 1859 36 100 the the DT 1859 36 101 University University NNP 1859 36 102 of of IN 1859 36 103 Michigan Michigan NNP 1859 36 104 ’s ’s NNP 1859 36 105 orphan orphan NN 1859 36 106 works work VBZ 1859 36 107 digitization digitization NN 1859 36 108 project project NN 1859 36 109 , , , 1859 36 110 with with IN 1859 36 111 J. J. NNP 1859 36 112 R. R. NNP 1859 36 113 Salamanca Salamanca NNP 1859 36 114 ’s ’s POS 1859 36 115 long- long- JJ 1859 36 116 out out RB 1859 36 117 - - HYPH 1859 36 118 of of IN 1859 36 119 - - HYPH 1859 36 120 print print NN 1859 36 121 1958 1958 CD 1859 36 122 novel novel NN 1859 36 123 The the DT 1859 36 124 Lost Lost NNP 1859 36 125 Country country NN 1859 36 126 serving serve VBG 1859 36 127 as as IN 1859 36 128 the the DT 1859 36 129 pivot pivot NN 1859 36 130 point point NN 1859 36 131 in in IN 1859 36 132 the the DT 1859 36 133 dispute dispute NN 1859 36 134 , , , 1859 36 135 is be VBZ 1859 36 136 an an DT 1859 36 137 example example NN 1859 36 138 of of IN 1859 36 139 the the DT 1859 36 140 orphan orphan NN 1859 36 141 works work VBZ 1859 36 142 problem problem NN 1859 36 143 . . . 1859 37 1 The the DT 1859 37 2 fact fact NN 1859 37 3 that that IN 1859 37 4 University University NNP 1859 37 5 of of IN 1859 37 6 Michigan Michigan NNP 1859 37 7 Associate Associate NNP 1859 37 8 University University NNP 1859 37 9 Librarian Librarian NNP 1859 37 10 John John NNP 1859 37 11 Price Price NNP 1859 37 12 Wilkin Wilkin NNP 1859 37 13 was be VBD 1859 37 14 forced force VBN 1859 37 15 to to TO 1859 37 16 assure assure VB 1859 37 17 the the DT 1859 37 18 public public NN 1859 37 19 that that IN 1859 37 20 “ " `` 1859 37 21 no no DT 1859 37 22 copyrighted copyright VBN 1859 37 23 books book NNS 1859 37 24 were be VBD 1859 37 25 made make VBN 1859 37 26 accessible accessible JJ 1859 37 27 to to IN 1859 37 28 any any DT 1859 37 29 students student NNS 1859 37 30 ” " '' 1859 37 31 illustrates illustrate VBZ 1859 37 32 the the DT 1859 37 33 absurdity absurdity NN 1859 37 34 in in IN 1859 37 35 arguing argue VBG 1859 37 36 over over IN 1859 37 37 whether whether IN 1859 37 38 it -PRON- PRP 1859 37 39 ’s ’ VBZ 1859 37 40 right right JJ 1859 37 41 to to TO 1859 37 42 digitize digitize VB 1859 37 43 books book NNS 1859 37 44 that that WDT 1859 37 45 are be VBP 1859 37 46 no no RB 1859 37 47 longer long RBR 1859 37 48 even even RB 1859 37 49 accessible accessible JJ 1859 37 50 in in IN 1859 37 51 their -PRON- PRP$ 1859 37 52 printed print VBN 1859 37 53 form.20 form.20 NNP 1859 37 54 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 1859 37 55 , , , 1859 37 56 DIGITIZATION digitization NN 1859 37 57 , , , 1859 37 58 AND and CC 1859 37 59 COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHT NNP 1859 37 60 LAW law NN 1859 37 61 : : : 1859 37 62 THE the DT 1859 37 63 QUIET QUIET NNP 1859 37 64 CRISIS crisi NNS 1859 37 65 While while IN 1859 37 66 one one PRP 1859 37 67 can can MD 1859 37 68 debate debate VB 1859 37 69 if if IN 1859 37 70 U.S. U.S. NNP 1859 37 71 copyright copyright NN 1859 37 72 law law NN 1859 37 73 is be VBZ 1859 37 74 still still RB 1859 37 75 oriented orient VBN 1859 37 76 toward toward IN 1859 37 77 the the DT 1859 37 78 public public JJ 1859 37 79 good good NN 1859 37 80 , , , 1859 37 81 the the DT 1859 37 82 more more RBR 1859 37 83 relevant relevant JJ 1859 37 84 question question NN 1859 37 85 in in IN 1859 37 86 this this DT 1859 37 87 context context NN 1859 37 88 is be VBZ 1859 37 89 the the DT 1859 37 90 effect effect NN 1859 37 91 copyright copyright NN 1859 37 92 law law NN 1859 37 93 has have VBZ 1859 37 94 on on IN 1859 37 95 the the DT 1859 37 96 library library NN 1859 37 97 profession profession NN 1859 37 98 . . . 1859 38 1 DRM DRM NNP 1859 38 2 technology technology NN 1859 38 3 can can MD 1859 38 4 get get VB 1859 38 5 in in IN 1859 38 6 the the DT 1859 38 7 way way NN 1859 38 8 of of IN 1859 38 9 serving serve VBG 1859 38 10 library library NN 1859 38 11 patrons patron NNS 1859 38 12 with with IN 1859 38 13 visual visual JJ 1859 38 14 disabilities disability NNS 1859 38 15 and and CC 1859 38 16 every every DT 1859 38 17 library library NN 1859 38 18 needs need VBZ 1859 38 19 to to TO 1859 38 20 place place VB 1859 38 21 a a DT 1859 38 22 copyright copyright NN 1859 38 23 disclaimer disclaimer NN 1859 38 24 on on IN 1859 38 25 the the DT 1859 38 26 photocopiers photocopier NNS 1859 38 27 , , , 1859 38 28 but but CC 1859 38 29 how how WRB 1859 38 30 much much RB 1859 38 31 more more JJR 1859 38 32 of of IN 1859 38 33 a a DT 1859 38 34 stumbling stumble VBG 1859 38 35 block block NN 1859 38 36 is be VBZ 1859 38 37 intellectual intellectual JJ 1859 38 38 property property NN 1859 38 39 law law NN 1859 38 40 to to IN 1859 38 41 librarians librarian NNS 1859 38 42 in in IN 1859 38 43 general general JJ 1859 38 44 , , , 1859 38 45 and and CC 1859 38 46 the the DT 1859 38 47 advance advance NN 1859 38 48 of of IN 1859 38 49 library library NN 1859 38 50 systems system NNS 1859 38 51 and and CC 1859 38 52 technology technology NN 1859 38 53 in in IN 1859 38 54 particular particular JJ 1859 38 55 ? ? . 1859 39 1 The the DT 1859 39 2 answer answer NN 1859 39 3 is be VBZ 1859 39 4 undeniably undeniably RB 1859 39 5 that that IN 1859 39 6 current current JJ 1859 39 7 U.S. U.S. NNP 1859 39 8 copyright copyright NN 1859 39 9 legislation legislation NN 1859 39 10 places place VBZ 1859 39 11 obstacles obstacle NNS 1859 39 12 in in IN 1859 39 13 the the DT 1859 39 14 way way NN 1859 39 15 of of IN 1859 39 16 librarians librarian NNS 1859 39 17 working work VBG 1859 39 18 in in IN 1859 39 19 all all DT 1859 39 20 types type NNS 1859 39 21 of of IN 1859 39 22 libraries library NNS 1859 39 23 . . . 1859 40 1 While while IN 1859 40 2 there there EX 1859 40 3 are be VBP 1859 40 4 many many JJ 1859 40 5 ways way NNS 1859 40 6 that that WDT 1859 40 7 copyright copyright NN 1859 40 8 law law NN 1859 40 9 affects affect VBZ 1859 40 10 library library JJ 1859 40 11 services service NNS 1859 40 12 and and CC 1859 40 13 collections collection NNS 1859 40 14 in in IN 1859 40 15 this this DT 1859 40 16 digital digital JJ 1859 40 17 area area NN 1859 40 18 , , , 1859 40 19 three three CD 1859 40 20 challenges challenge NNS 1859 40 21 are be VBP 1859 40 22 particularly particularly RB 1859 40 23 pressing press VBG 1859 40 24 : : : 1859 40 25 the the DT 1859 40 26 problem problem NN 1859 40 27 of of IN 1859 40 28 ownership ownership NN 1859 40 29 and and CC 1859 40 30 licensing licensing NN 1859 40 31 of of IN 1859 40 32 digital digital JJ 1859 40 33 content content NN 1859 40 34 or or CC 1859 40 35 collections collection NNS 1859 40 36 ; ; : 1859 40 37 the the DT 1859 40 38 librarian librarian NN 1859 40 39 as as IN 1859 40 40 de de FW 1859 40 41 facto facto FW 1859 40 42 copyright copyright NN 1859 40 43 expert expert NN 1859 40 44 ; ; : 1859 40 45 and and CC 1859 40 46 copyright copyright NN 1859 40 47 law law NN 1859 40 48 as as IN 1859 40 49 it -PRON- PRP 1859 40 50 relates relate VBZ 1859 40 51 to to IN 1859 40 52 library library JJ 1859 40 53 digitization digitization NN 1859 40 54 programs program NNS 1859 40 55 generally generally RB 1859 40 56 , , , 1859 40 57 and and CC 1859 40 58 the the DT 1859 40 59 Google Google NNP 1859 40 60 Book Book NNP 1859 40 61 settlement settlement NN 1859 40 62 in in IN 1859 40 63 particular particular JJ 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Likewise likewise RB 1859 43 2 , , , 1859 43 3 when when WRB 1859 43 4 physical physical JJ 1859 43 5 collections collection NNS 1859 43 6 were be VBD 1859 43 7 their -PRON- PRP$ 1859 43 8 only only JJ 1859 43 9 concern concern NN 1859 43 10 , , , 1859 43 11 librarians librarian NNS 1859 43 12 could could MD 1859 43 13 rely rely VB 1859 43 14 on on IN 1859 43 15 Sections Sections NNP 1859 43 16 108 108 CD 1859 43 17 and and CC 1859 43 18 109 109 CD 1859 43 19 of of IN 1859 43 20 the the DT 1859 43 21 copyright copyright NN 1859 43 22 law law NN 1859 43 23 to to TO 1859 43 24 protect protect VB 1859 43 25 them -PRON- PRP 1859 43 26 from from IN 1859 43 27 liability liability NN 1859 43 28 when when WRB 1859 43 29 they -PRON- PRP 1859 43 30 copied copy VBD 1859 43 31 a a DT 1859 43 32 book book NN 1859 43 33 or or CC 1859 43 34 other other JJ 1859 43 35 work work NN 1859 43 36 and and CC 1859 43 37 when when WRB 1859 43 38 they -PRON- PRP 1859 43 39 loaned loan VBD 1859 43 40 materials material NNS 1859 43 41 in in IN 1859 43 42 their -PRON- PRP$ 1859 43 43 collections collection NNS 1859 43 44 to to IN 1859 43 45 patrons.21 patrons.21 NNP 1859 43 46 Today Today NNP 1859 43 47 , , , 1859 43 48 we -PRON- PRP 1859 43 49 live live VBP 1859 43 50 partly partly RB 1859 43 51 in in IN 1859 43 52 the the DT 1859 43 53 physical physical JJ 1859 43 54 world world NN 1859 43 55 and and CC 1859 43 56 https://exch.mail.umd.edu/owa/WebReadyViewBody.aspx?t=att&id=RgAAAADXsLSgBeEwTJ9q0yHNKIt2BwBoUJgPO3tVSoU0x%2bkwIYfQALrqJtSLAABoUJgPO3tVSoU0x%2bkwIYfQAPIULedYAAAJ&attid0=EACjse6ZzPHuQ6QbFqVhBhu8&attcnt=1&pn=1#footnote19#footnote19 https://exch.mail.umd.edu/owa/WebReadyViewBody.aspx?t=att&id=RgAAAADXsLSgBeEwTJ9q0yHNKIt2BwBoUJgPO3tVSoU0x%2bkwIYfQALrqJtSLAABoUJgPO3tVSoU0x%2bkwIYfQAPIULedYAAAJ&attid0=EACjse6ZzPHuQ6QbFqVhBhu8&attcnt=1&pn=1#footnote19#footnote19 NNP 1859 43 57 INFORMATION INFORMATION VBD 1859 43 58 TECHNOLOGY technology NN 1859 43 59 AND and CC 1859 43 60 LIBRARIES library NNS 1859 43 61 | | NNP 1859 43 62 MARCH MARCH NNP 1859 43 63 2012 2012 CD 1859 43 64 11 11 CD 1859 43 65 partly partly RB 1859 43 66 in in IN 1859 43 67 the the DT 1859 43 68 digital digital JJ 1859 43 69 world world NN 1859 43 70 , , , 1859 43 71 reaching reach VBG 1859 43 72 out out RP 1859 43 73 and and CC 1859 43 74 connecting connect VBG 1859 43 75 to to IN 1859 43 76 each each DT 1859 43 77 other other JJ 1859 43 78 across across IN 1859 43 79 fiber fiber NN 1859 43 80 optic optic JJ 1859 43 81 lines line NNS 1859 43 82 in in IN 1859 43 83 the the DT 1859 43 84 same same JJ 1859 43 85 way way NN 1859 43 86 we -PRON- PRP 1859 43 87 once once RB 1859 43 88 did do VBD 1859 43 89 around around IN 1859 43 90 the the DT 1859 43 91 water water NN 1859 43 92 cooler cooler NN 1859 43 93 . . . 1859 44 1 Likewise likewise RB 1859 44 2 , , , 1859 44 3 the the DT 1859 44 4 digital digital JJ 1859 44 5 means mean NNS 1859 44 6 of of IN 1859 44 7 production production NN 1859 44 8 are be VBP 1859 44 9 widely widely RB 1859 44 10 distributed distribute VBN 1859 44 11 . . . 1859 45 1 In in IN 1859 45 2 a a DT 1859 45 3 multimedia multimedia NNS 1859 45 4 world world NN 1859 45 5 , , , 1859 45 6 where where WRB 1859 45 7 sharing share VBG 1859 45 8 an an DT 1859 45 9 informative informative JJ 1859 45 10 or or CC 1859 45 11 entertaining entertaining JJ 1859 45 12 video video NN 1859 45 13 clip clip NN 1859 45 14 is be VBZ 1859 45 15 as as RB 1859 45 16 easy easy JJ 1859 45 17 as as IN 1859 45 18 embedding embed VBG 1859 45 19 a a DT 1859 45 20 link link NN 1859 45 21 onto onto IN 1859 45 22 someone someone NN 1859 45 23 ’s ’s POS 1859 45 24 Facebook Facebook NNP 1859 45 25 wall wall NN 1859 45 26 , , , 1859 45 27 the the DT 1859 45 28 temptation temptation NN 1859 45 29 to to TO 1859 45 30 infringe infringe VB 1859 45 31 on on IN 1859 45 32 rights right NNS 1859 45 33 by by IN 1859 45 34 distributing distribute VBG 1859 45 35 , , , 1859 45 36 reproducing reproduce VBG 1859 45 37 , , , 1859 45 38 or or CC 1859 45 39 displaying display VBG 1859 45 40 a a DT 1859 45 41 creative creative JJ 1859 45 42 work work NN 1859 45 43 is be VBZ 1859 45 44 all all RB 1859 45 45 too too RB 1859 45 46 common common JJ 1859 45 47 , , , 1859 45 48 and and CC 1859 45 49 all all DT 1859 45 50 too too RB 1859 45 51 easy.22 easy.22 NNP 1859 45 52 Many many JJ 1859 45 53 librarians librarian NNS 1859 45 54 believe believe VBP 1859 45 55 that that IN 1859 45 56 disclaimers disclaimer NNS 1859 45 57 on on IN 1859 45 58 public public JJ 1859 45 59 - - HYPH 1859 45 60 access access NN 1859 45 61 computer computer NN 1859 45 62 terminals terminal NNS 1859 45 63 will will MD 1859 45 64 protect protect VB 1859 45 65 them -PRON- PRP 1859 45 66 from from IN 1859 45 67 lawsuit lawsuit NN 1859 45 68 , , , 1859 45 69 but but CC 1859 45 70 they -PRON- PRP 1859 45 71 do do VBP 1859 45 72 not not RB 1859 45 73 often often RB 1859 45 74 consider consider VB 1859 45 75 placing place VBG 1859 45 76 such such JJ 1859 45 77 disclaimers disclaimer NNS 1859 45 78 on on IN 1859 45 79 their -PRON- PRP$ 1859 45 80 CD cd NN 1859 45 81 or or CC 1859 45 82 DVD dvd NN 1859 45 83 collections collection NNS 1859 45 84 . . . 1859 46 1 Yet yet RB 1859 46 2 a a DT 1859 46 3 copyright copyright NN 1859 46 4 holder holder NN 1859 46 5 would would MD 1859 46 6 not not RB 1859 46 7 have have VB 1859 46 8 to to TO 1859 46 9 prove prove VB 1859 46 10 the the DT 1859 46 11 library library NN 1859 46 12 is be VBZ 1859 46 13 aware aware JJ 1859 46 14 of of IN 1859 46 15 piracy piracy NN 1859 46 16 to to TO 1859 46 17 accuse accuse VB 1859 46 18 the the DT 1859 46 19 library library NN 1859 46 20 of of IN 1859 46 21 vicarious vicarious JJ 1859 46 22 infringement infringement NN 1859 46 23 of of IN 1859 46 24 copyright copyright NN 1859 46 25 . . . 1859 47 1 The the DT 1859 47 2 copyright copyright NN 1859 47 3 holder holder NN 1859 47 4 may may MD 1859 47 5 even even RB 1859 47 6 be be VB 1859 47 7 able able JJ 1859 47 8 to to TO 1859 47 9 argue argue VB 1859 47 10 that that IN 1859 47 11 the the DT 1859 47 12 library library NN 1859 47 13 sees see VBZ 1859 47 14 some some DT 1859 47 15 financial financial JJ 1859 47 16 gain gain NN 1859 47 17 from from IN 1859 47 18 this this DT 1859 47 19 piracy piracy NN 1859 47 20 if if IN 1859 47 21 the the DT 1859 47 22 existence existence NN 1859 47 23 of of IN 1859 47 24 the the DT 1859 47 25 material material NN 1859 47 26 that that WDT 1859 47 27 is be VBZ 1859 47 28 being be VBG 1859 47 29 pirated pirate VBN 1859 47 30 serves serve NNS 1859 47 31 as as IN 1859 47 32 the the DT 1859 47 33 primary primary JJ 1859 47 34 reason reason NN 1859 47 35 a a DT 1859 47 36 patron patron NN 1859 47 37 visits visit VBZ 1859 47 38 the the DT 1859 47 39 library.23 library.23 NNP 1859 47 40 Even even RB 1859 47 41 the the DT 1859 47 42 physical physical JJ 1859 47 43 CD cd NN 1859 47 44 collection collection NN 1859 47 45 in in IN 1859 47 46 the the DT 1859 47 47 public public JJ 1859 47 48 library library NN 1859 47 49 can can MD 1859 47 50 place place VB 1859 47 51 the the DT 1859 47 52 institution institution NN 1859 47 53 in in IN 1859 47 54 danger danger NN 1859 47 55 of of IN 1859 47 56 copyright copyright NN 1859 47 57 infringement infringement NN 1859 47 58 ; ; : 1859 47 59 yet yet CC 1859 47 60 the the DT 1859 47 61 copyright copyright NN 1859 47 62 challenges challenge NNS 1859 47 63 raised raise VBN 1859 47 64 by by IN 1859 47 65 cutting cut VBG 1859 47 66 - - HYPH 1859 47 67 edge edge NN 1859 47 68 digital digital JJ 1859 47 69 resources resource NNS 1859 47 70 , , , 1859 47 71 like like IN 1859 47 72 e e NNS 1859 47 73 - - HYPH 1859 47 74 books book NNS 1859 47 75 , , , 1859 47 76 are be VBP 1859 47 77 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 1859 47 78 more more RBR 1859 47 79 complicated complicated JJ 1859 47 80 . . . 1859 48 1 E E NNS 1859 48 2 - - NNS 1859 48 3 books book NNS 1859 48 4 are be VBP 1859 48 5 replacing replace VBG 1859 48 6 traditional traditional JJ 1859 48 7 books book NNS 1859 48 8 in in IN 1859 48 9 many many JJ 1859 48 10 contexts contexts NN 1859 48 11 . . . 1859 49 1 Like like IN 1859 49 2 most most JJS 1859 49 3 digital digital JJ 1859 49 4 works work NNS 1859 49 5 today today NN 1859 49 6 , , , 1859 49 7 e e NNP 1859 49 8 - - HYPH 1859 49 9 books book NNS 1859 49 10 are be VBP 1859 49 11 licensed license VBN 1859 49 12 , , , 1859 49 13 not not RB 1859 49 14 purchased purchase VBN 1859 49 15 outright outright RB 1859 49 16 . . . 1859 50 1 The the DT 1859 50 2 problem problem NN 1859 50 3 licensing license VBG 1859 50 4 presents present NNS 1859 50 5 to to IN 1859 50 6 libraries library NNS 1859 50 7 is be VBZ 1859 50 8 that that IN 1859 50 9 licensed license VBN 1859 50 10 works work NNS 1859 50 11 are be VBP 1859 50 12 not not RB 1859 50 13 sold sell VBN 1859 50 14 , , , 1859 50 15 they -PRON- PRP 1859 50 16 are be VBP 1859 50 17 granted grant VBN 1859 50 18 through through IN 1859 50 19 contracts contract NNS 1859 50 20 , , , 1859 50 21 and and CC 1859 50 22 contracts contract NNS 1859 50 23 can can MD 1859 50 24 change change VB 1859 50 25 suddenly suddenly RB 1859 50 26 and and CC 1859 50 27 negate negate VB 1859 50 28 fair fair JJ 1859 50 29 - - HYPH 1859 50 30 use use NN 1859 50 31 provisions provision NNS 1859 50 32 of of IN 1859 50 33 U.S. U.S. NNP 1859 50 34 copyright copyright NN 1859 50 35 law.24 law.24 NNS 1859 50 36 While while IN 1859 50 37 libraries library NNS 1859 50 38 are be VBP 1859 50 39 now now RB 1859 50 40 adept adept JJ 1859 50 41 at at IN 1859 50 42 negotiating negotiate VBG 1859 50 43 contracts contract NNS 1859 50 44 with with IN 1859 50 45 subscription subscription NN 1859 50 46 database database NN 1859 50 47 providers provider NNS 1859 50 48 , , , 1859 50 49 e e NN 1859 50 50 - - HYPH 1859 50 51 books book NNS 1859 50 52 are be VBP 1859 50 53 in in IN 1859 50 54 many many JJ 1859 50 55 ways way NNS 1859 50 56 even even RB 1859 50 57 more more RBR 1859 50 58 difficult difficult JJ 1859 50 59 to to TO 1859 50 60 manage manage VB 1859 50 61 , , , 1859 50 62 with with IN 1859 50 63 many many JJ 1859 50 64 vendors vendor NNS 1859 50 65 requiring require VBG 1859 50 66 that that IN 1859 50 67 patrons patron NNS 1859 50 68 delete delete VB 1859 50 69 or or CC 1859 50 70 destroy destroy VB 1859 50 71 the the DT 1859 50 72 licensed license VBN 1859 50 73 content content NN 1859 50 74 on on IN 1859 50 75 their -PRON- PRP$ 1859 50 76 personal personal JJ 1859 50 77 e e NNS 1859 50 78 - - NNS 1859 50 79 readers reader NNS 1859 50 80 at at IN 1859 50 81 the the DT 1859 50 82 end end NN 1859 50 83 of of IN 1859 50 84 the the DT 1859 50 85 lending lending NN 1859 50 86 period.25 period.25 NNP 1859 50 87 The the DT 1859 50 88 entire entire JJ 1859 50 89 library library NN 1859 50 90 community community NN 1859 50 91 was be VBD 1859 50 92 rocked rock VBN 1859 50 93 by by IN 1859 50 94 HarperCollins HarperCollins NNP 1859 50 95 ’s ’s NNP 1859 50 96 February February NNP 1859 50 97 2011 2011 CD 1859 50 98 decision decision NN 1859 50 99 to to TO 1859 50 100 limit limit VB 1859 50 101 licenses license NNS 1859 50 102 on on IN 1859 50 103 e e NNP 1859 50 104 - - HYPH 1859 50 105 books book NNS 1859 50 106 offered offer VBN 1859 50 107 through through IN 1859 50 108 library library NN 1859 50 109 e- e- NN 1859 50 110 book book NN 1859 50 111 vendors vendor NNS 1859 50 112 like like IN 1859 50 113 OverDrive OverDrive NNP 1859 50 114 to to TO 1859 50 115 twenty twenty CD 1859 50 116 - - HYPH 1859 50 117 six six CD 1859 50 118 circulations circulation NNS 1859 50 119 , , , 1859 50 120 with with IN 1859 50 121 many many JJ 1859 50 122 librarians librarian NNS 1859 50 123 questioning question VBG 1859 50 124 the the DT 1859 50 125 publisher publisher NN 1859 50 126 ’s ’s POS 1859 50 127 assertion assertion NN 1859 50 128 that that IN 1859 50 129 this this DT 1859 50 130 seemingly seemingly RB 1859 50 131 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 1859 50 132 limitation limitation NN 1859 50 133 is be VBZ 1859 50 134 related relate VBN 1859 50 135 to to IN 1859 50 136 the the DT 1859 50 137 average average JJ 1859 50 138 lifespan lifespan NN 1859 50 139 of of IN 1859 50 140 a a DT 1859 50 141 single single JJ 1859 50 142 print print NN 1859 50 143 copy.26 copy.26 NNP 1859 50 144 License License NNP 1859 50 145 holders holder NNS 1859 50 146 have have VBP 1859 50 147 an an DT 1859 50 148 easy easy JJ 1859 50 149 time time NN 1859 50 150 arguing argue VBG 1859 50 151 that that IN 1859 50 152 any any DT 1859 50 153 use use NN 1859 50 154 of of IN 1859 50 155 their -PRON- PRP$ 1859 50 156 content content NN 1859 50 157 without without IN 1859 50 158 paying pay VBG 1859 50 159 fees fee NNS 1859 50 160 is be VBZ 1859 50 161 a a DT 1859 50 162 violation violation NN 1859 50 163 of of IN 1859 50 164 their -PRON- PRP$ 1859 50 165 copyright copyright NN 1859 50 166 . . . 1859 51 1 That that DT 1859 51 2 is be VBZ 1859 51 3 not not RB 1859 51 4 the the DT 1859 51 5 case case NN 1859 51 6 when when WRB 1859 51 7 a a DT 1859 51 8 fair fair JJ 1859 51 9 use use NN 1859 51 10 argument argument NN 1859 51 11 is be VBZ 1859 51 12 justified justified JJ 1859 51 13 , , , 1859 51 14 and and CC 1859 51 15 while while IN 1859 51 16 many many JJ 1859 51 17 in in IN 1859 51 18 the the DT 1859 51 19 library library NN 1859 51 20 community community NN 1859 51 21 may may MD 1859 51 22 acquiesce acquiesce VB 1859 51 23 to to IN 1859 51 24 these these DT 1859 51 25 arguments argument NNS 1859 51 26 , , , 1859 51 27 “ " `` 1859 51 28 in in IN 1859 51 29 recent recent JJ 1859 51 30 cases case NNS 1859 51 31 , , , 1859 51 32 courts court NNS 1859 51 33 have have VBP 1859 51 34 found find VBN 1859 51 35 the the DT 1859 51 36 use use NN 1859 51 37 of of IN 1859 51 38 a a DT 1859 51 39 work work NN 1859 51 40 to to TO 1859 51 41 be be VB 1859 51 42 fair fair JJ 1859 51 43 despite despite IN 1859 51 44 the the DT 1859 51 45 existence existence NN 1859 51 46 of of IN 1859 51 47 a a DT 1859 51 48 licensing licensing NN 1859 51 49 market market NN 1859 51 50 . . . 1859 51 51 ”27 ”27 NNP 1859 51 52 When when WRB 1859 51 53 license license NN 1859 51 54 agreements agreement NNS 1859 51 55 are be VBP 1859 51 56 paired pair VBN 1859 51 57 with with IN 1859 51 58 DRM DRM NNP 1859 51 59 technology technology NN 1859 51 60 , , , 1859 51 61 libraries library NNS 1859 51 62 may may MD 1859 51 63 find find VB 1859 51 64 themselves -PRON- PRP 1859 51 65 managing manage VBG 1859 51 66 thousands thousand NNS 1859 51 67 of of IN 1859 51 68 micropayments micropayment NNS 1859 51 69 to to TO 1859 51 70 allow allow VB 1859 51 71 their -PRON- PRP$ 1859 51 72 users user NNS 1859 51 73 to to TO 1859 51 74 view view VB 1859 51 75 , , , 1859 51 76 copy copy VBP 1859 51 77 , , , 1859 51 78 move move NN 1859 51 79 , , , 1859 51 80 print print NN 1859 51 81 , , , 1859 51 82 or or CC 1859 51 83 embed embe VBN 1859 51 84 , , , 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OUR our PRP$ 1859 54 22 DIGITAL DIGITAL NNP 1859 54 23 REALITY REALITY NNP 1859 54 24 | | NNP 1859 54 25 MCDERMOTT MCDERMOTT NNP 1859 54 26 12 12 CD 1859 54 27 the the DT 1859 54 28 firm firm NN 1859 54 29 she -PRON- PRP 1859 54 30 works work VBZ 1859 54 31 for for IN 1859 54 32 that that DT 1859 54 33 they -PRON- PRP 1859 54 34 should should MD 1859 54 35 not not RB 1859 54 36 copy copy VB 1859 54 37 and and CC 1859 54 38 paste paste VB 1859 54 39 the the DT 1859 54 40 full full JJ 1859 54 41 text text NN 1859 54 42 of of IN 1859 54 43 news news NN 1859 54 44 or or CC 1859 54 45 law law NN 1859 54 46 review review NN 1859 54 47 journal journal NN 1859 54 48 articles article NNS 1859 54 49 into into IN 1859 54 50 their -PRON- PRP$ 1859 54 51 e e NN 1859 54 52 - - HYPH 1859 54 53 mails mail NNS 1859 54 54 , , , 1859 54 55 and and CC 1859 54 56 instead instead RB 1859 54 57 , , , 1859 54 58 they -PRON- PRP 1859 54 59 should should MD 1859 54 60 send send VB 1859 54 61 a a DT 1859 54 62 link link NN 1859 54 63 . . . 1859 55 1 The the DT 1859 55 2 basis basis NN 1859 55 3 of of IN 1859 55 4 her -PRON- PRP$ 1859 55 5 argument argument NN 1859 55 6 is be VBZ 1859 55 7 the the DT 1859 55 8 third third JJ 1859 55 9 factor factor NN 1859 55 10 of of IN 1859 55 11 fair fair JJ 1859 55 12 use use NN 1859 55 13 mentioned mention VBN 1859 55 14 earlier early RBR 1859 55 15 : : : 1859 55 16 the the DT 1859 55 17 amount amount NN 1859 55 18 or or CC 1859 55 19 substantiality substantiality NN 1859 55 20 of of IN 1859 55 21 the the DT 1859 55 22 portion portion NN 1859 55 23 of of IN 1859 55 24 the the DT 1859 55 25 copyrighted copyright VBN 1859 55 26 work work NN 1859 55 27 being be VBG 1859 55 28 used.29 used.29 NNP 1859 55 29 Since since IN 1859 55 30 fair fair JJ 1859 55 31 use use NN 1859 55 32 is be VBZ 1859 55 33 not not RB 1859 55 34 a a DT 1859 55 35 “ " `` 1859 55 36 bright bright JJ 1859 55 37 line line NN 1859 55 38 ” " '' 1859 55 39 principle principle NN 1859 55 40 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https://exch.mail.umd.edu/owa/webreadyviewbody.aspx?t=att&id=rgaaaadxslsgbeewtj9q0yhnkit2bwboujgpo3tvsou0x%2bkwiyfqalrqjtslaaboujgpo3tvsou0x%2bkwiyfqapiuledyaaaj&attid0=eacjse6zzphuq6qbfqvhbhu8&attcnt=1&pn=1#footnote65#footnote65 JJ 1859 111 4 INFORMATION information NN 1859 111 5 TECHNOLOGY technology NN 1859 111 6 AND and CC 1859 111 7 LIBRARIES library NNS 1859 111 8 | | NNP 1859 111 9 MARCH MARCH NNP 1859 111 10 2012 2012 CD 1859 111 11 17 17 CD 1859 111 12 The the DT 1859 111 13 Internet internet NN 1859 111 14 has have VBZ 1859 111 15 become become VBN 1859 111 16 such such PDT 1859 111 17 a a DT 1859 111 18 strong strong JJ 1859 111 19 incubator incubator NN 1859 111 20 of of IN 1859 111 21 creative creative JJ 1859 111 22 expression expression NN 1859 111 23 and and CC 1859 111 24 innovation innovation NN 1859 111 25 that that IN 1859 111 26 the the DT 1859 111 27 innovators innovator NNS 1859 111 28 are be VBP 1859 111 29 looking look VBG 1859 111 30 for for IN 1859 111 31 a a 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REGULATION regulation NN 1859 153 7 OUT out IN 1859 153 8 OF of IN 1859 153 9 LINE line NN 1859 153 10 WITH with IN 1859 153 11 OUR our PRP$ 1859 153 12 DIGITAL DIGITAL NNP 1859 153 13 REALITY REALITY NNP 1859 153 14 | | NNP 1859 153 15 MCDERMOTT MCDERMOTT NNP 1859 153 16 18 18 CD 1859 153 17 16 16 CD 1859 153 18 . . . 1859 154 1 Brian Brian NNP 1859 154 2 T. T. NNP 1859 154 3 Yeh Yeh NNP 1859 154 4 , , , 1859 154 5 “ " `` 1859 154 6 Orphan Orphan NNP 1859 154 7 Works Works NNP 1859 154 8 ” " '' 1859 154 9 in in IN 1859 154 10 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 154 11 Law Law NNP 1859 154 12 , , , 1859 154 13 prepared prepare VBN 1859 154 14 by by IN 1859 154 15 the the DT 1859 154 16 Congressional Congressional NNP 1859 154 17 Research Research NNP 1859 154 18 Service Service NNP 1859 154 19 ( ( -LRB- 1859 154 20 Washington Washington NNP 1859 154 21 , , , 1859 154 22 DC DC NNP 1859 154 23 : : : 1859 154 24 Library Library NNP 1859 154 25 of of IN 1859 154 26 Congress Congress NNP 1859 154 27 , , , 1859 154 28 2002 2002 CD 1859 154 29 ) ) -RRB- 1859 154 30 , , , 1859 154 31 summary summary NN 1859 154 32 . . . 1859 155 1 17 17 CD 1859 155 2 . . . 1859 156 1 Ibid ibid RB 1859 156 2 . . . 1859 157 1 18 18 CD 1859 157 2 . . . 1859 158 1 JISC JISC NNP 1859 158 2 , , , 1859 158 3 In in IN 1859 158 4 from from IN 1859 158 5 the the DT 1859 158 6 Cold Cold NNP 1859 158 7 : : : 1859 158 8 An an DT 1859 158 9 Assessment Assessment NNP 1859 158 10 of of IN 1859 158 11 the the DT 1859 158 12 Scope Scope NNP 1859 158 13 of of IN 1859 158 14 “ " `` 1859 158 15 Orphan Orphan NNP 1859 158 16 Works Works NNP 1859 158 17 ” " '' 1859 158 18 and and CC 1859 158 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 1859 158 20 Impact Impact NNP 1859 158 21 on on IN 1859 158 22 the the DT 1859 158 23 Delivery Delivery NNP 1859 158 24 of of IN 1859 158 25 Services Services NNPS 1859 158 26 to to IN 1859 158 27 the the DT 1859 158 28 Public Public NNP 1859 158 29 ( ( -LRB- 1859 158 30 Cambridge Cambridge NNP 1859 158 31 , , , 1859 158 32 UK UK NNP 1859 158 33 : : : 1859 158 34 JISC JISC NNP 1859 158 35 , , , 1859 158 36 2009 2009 CD 1859 158 37 ) ) -RRB- 1859 158 38 , , , 1859 158 39 6 6 CD 1859 158 40 . . . 1859 159 1 19 19 CD 1859 159 2 . . . 1859 160 1 Ibid ibid RB 1859 160 2 . . . 1859 161 1 20 20 CD 1859 161 2 . . . 1859 162 1 Andrew Andrew NNP 1859 162 2 Albanese Albanese NNP 1859 162 3 , , , 1859 162 4 “ " `` 1859 162 5 HathiTrust HathiTrust NNP 1859 162 6 Suspends suspend VBZ 1859 162 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 1859 162 8 Orphan Orphan NNP 1859 162 9 Works work NNS 1859 162 10 Release Release NNP 1859 162 11 , , , 1859 162 12 ” " '' 1859 162 13 Publishers Publishers NNPS 1859 162 14 Weekly Weekly NNP 1859 162 15 , , , 1859 162 16 Sept Sept NNP 1859 162 17 , , , 1859 162 18 16 16 CD 1859 162 19 , , , 1859 162 20 2011 2011 CD 1859 162 21 , , , 1859 162 22 http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by- http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by- NNP 1859 162 23 topic topic NN 1859 162 24 / / SYM 1859 162 25 digital digital JJ 1859 162 26 / / SYM 1859 162 27 copyright copyright NN 1859 162 28 / / SYM 1859 162 29 article/48722-hathitrust article/48722-hathitrust NN 1859 162 30 - - HYPH 1859 162 31 suspends suspend VBZ 1859 162 32 - - HYPH 1859 162 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 1859 162 34 - - HYPH 1859 162 35 orphan orphan NN 1859 162 36 - - HYPH 1859 162 37 works work NNS 1859 162 38 - - HYPH 1859 162 39 release-.html release-.html NN 1859 162 40 ( ( -LRB- 1859 162 41 accessed access VBN 1859 162 42 October October NNP 1859 162 43 13 13 CD 1859 162 44 , , , 1859 162 45 2011 2011 CD 1859 162 46 ) ) -RRB- 1859 162 47 . . . 1859 163 1 21 21 CD 1859 163 2 . . . 1859 164 1 U.S. U.S. NNP 1859 165 1 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 165 2 Office Office NNP 1859 165 3 , , , 1859 165 4 “ " `` 1859 165 5 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 165 6 Law Law NNP 1859 165 7 of of IN 1859 165 8 the the DT 1859 165 9 United United NNP 1859 165 10 States States NNP 1859 165 11 , , , 1859 165 12 ” " '' 1859 165 13 under under IN 1859 165 14 “ " `` 1859 165 15 Chapter chapter NN 1859 165 16 1 1 CD 1859 165 17 . . . 1859 165 18 ” " '' 1859 165 19 22 22 CD 1859 165 20 . . . 1859 166 1 U.S. U.S. NNP 1859 167 1 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 167 2 Office Office NNP 1859 167 3 , , , 1859 167 4 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 167 5 Basics Basics NNP 1859 167 6 ( ( -LRB- 1859 167 7 Washington Washington NNP 1859 167 8 , , , 1859 167 9 DC DC NNP 1859 167 10 : : : 1859 167 11 U.S. U.S. NNP 1859 168 1 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 168 2 Office Office NNP 1859 168 3 , , , 1859 168 4 2000 2000 CD 1859 168 5 ) ) -RRB- 1859 168 6 , , , 1859 168 7 www.copyright.gov/circs/circl/html www.copyright.gov/circs/circl/html NNP 1859 168 8 ( ( -LRB- 1859 168 9 accessed access VBN 1859 168 10 December December NNP 1859 168 11 8 8 CD 1859 168 12 , , , 1859 168 13 2010 2010 CD 1859 168 14 ) ) -RRB- 1859 168 15 . . . 1859 169 1 23 23 CD 1859 169 2 . . . 1859 170 1 Mary Mary NNP 1859 170 2 Minnow Minnow NNP 1859 170 3 , , , 1859 170 4 California California NNP 1859 170 5 Library Library NNP 1859 170 6 Association Association NNP 1859 170 7 , , , 1859 170 8 “ " `` 1859 170 9 Library Library NNP 1859 170 10 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 170 11 Liability Liability NNP 1859 170 12 and and CC 1859 170 13 Pirating Pirating NNP 1859 170 14 Patrons Patrons NNPS 1859 170 15 , , , 1859 170 16 ” " '' 1859 170 17 http://www.cla-net.org/resources/articles/minow_pirating.php http://www.cla-net.org/resources/articles/minow_pirating.php JJ 1859 170 18 ( ( -LRB- 1859 170 19 accessed access VBN 1859 170 20 December December NNP 1859 170 21 10 10 CD 1859 170 22 , , , 1859 170 23 2010 2010 CD 1859 170 24 ) ) -RRB- 1859 170 25 . . . 1859 171 1 24 24 CD 1859 171 2 . . . 1859 172 1 Bailey Bailey NNP 1859 172 2 , , , 1859 172 3 “ " `` 1859 172 4 Strong strong JJ 1859 172 5 Copyright copyright NN 1859 172 6 , , , 1859 172 7 ” " '' 1859 172 8 118 118 CD 1859 172 9 . . . 1859 173 1 25 25 CD 1859 173 2 . . . 1859 174 1 Overdrive overdrive JJ 1859 174 2 , , , 1859 174 3 “ " `` 1859 174 4 Copyright copyright NN 1859 174 5 , , , 1859 174 6 ” " '' 1859 174 7 http://www.overdrive.com/copyright.asp http://www.overdrive.com/copyright.asp NNP 1859 174 8 ( ( -LRB- 1859 174 9 accessed access VBN 1859 174 10 December December NNP 1859 174 11 13 13 CD 1859 174 12 , , , 1859 174 13 2010 2010 CD 1859 174 14 ) ) -RRB- 1859 174 15 . . . 1859 175 1 26 26 CD 1859 175 2 . . . 1859 176 1 Josh Josh NNP 1859 176 2 Hadro Hadro NNP 1859 176 3 , , , 1859 176 4 “ " `` 1859 176 5 HarperCollins HarperCollins NNP 1859 176 6 Puts put VBZ 1859 176 7 26 26 CD 1859 176 8 Loan loan NN 1859 176 9 Cap Cap NNP 1859 176 10 on on IN 1859 176 11 EBook EBook NNP 1859 176 12 Circulations Circulations NNPS 1859 176 13 , , , 1859 176 14 ” " '' 1859 176 15 Library Library NNP 1859 176 16 Journal Journal NNP 1859 176 17 ( ( -LRB- 1859 176 18 February February NNP 1859 176 19 25 25 CD 1859 176 20 2011 2011 CD 1859 176 21 ) ) -RRB- 1859 176 22 , , , 1859 176 23 http://www.libraryjournal.com/lj/home/889452- http://www.libraryjournal.com/lj/home/889452- NNP 1859 176 24 264 264 CD 1859 176 25 / / SYM 1859 176 26 harpercollins_puts_26_loan_cap.html.csp harpercollins_puts_26_loan_cap.html.csp NNP 1859 176 27 ( ( -LRB- 1859 176 28 accessed access VBN 1859 176 29 October October NNP 1859 176 30 13 13 CD 1859 176 31 , , , 1859 176 32 2011 2011 CD 1859 176 33 ) ) -RRB- 1859 176 34 . . . 1859 177 1 27 27 CD 1859 177 2 . . . 1859 178 1 Butler Butler NNP 1859 178 2 , , , 1859 178 3 “ " `` 1859 178 4 Urban Urban NNP 1859 178 5 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 178 6 Legends Legends NNPS 1859 178 7 , , , 1859 178 8 ” " '' 1859 178 9 18 18 CD 1859 178 10 . . . 1859 179 1 28 28 CD 1859 179 2 . . . 1859 180 1 Bailey Bailey NNP 1859 180 2 , , , 1859 180 3 “ " `` 1859 180 4 Strong strong JJ 1859 180 5 Copyright copyright NN 1859 180 6 , , , 1859 180 7 ” " '' 1859 180 8 118 118 CD 1859 180 9 . . . 1859 181 1 29 29 CD 1859 181 2 . . . 1859 182 1 Library library NN 1859 182 2 of of IN 1859 182 3 Congress Congress NNP 1859 182 4 , , , 1859 182 5 Fair Fair NNP 1859 182 6 Use Use NNP 1859 182 7 on on IN 1859 182 8 the the DT 1859 182 9 Internet internet NN 1859 182 10 , , , 1859 182 11 3 3 CD 1859 182 12 . . . 1859 183 1 30 30 CD 1859 183 2 . . . 1859 184 1 Ibid Ibid NNP 1859 184 2 . . . 1859 184 3 , , , 1859 184 4 summary summary NN 1859 184 5 . . . 1859 185 1 31 31 CD 1859 185 2 . . . 1859 186 1 Matthew Matthew NNP 1859 186 2 K. K. NNP 1859 186 3 Dames Dames NNP 1859 186 4 , , , 1859 186 5 “ " `` 1859 186 6 Education education NN 1859 186 7 Use Use NNP 1859 186 8 in in IN 1859 186 9 the the DT 1859 186 10 Digital Digital NNP 1859 186 11 Age Age NNP 1859 186 12 , , , 1859 186 13 ” " '' 1859 186 14 Information Information NNP 1859 186 15 Today Today NNP 1859 186 16 27 27 CD 1859 186 17 , , , 1859 186 18 no no UH 1859 186 19 . . . 1859 187 1 4 4 LS 1859 187 2 ( ( -LRB- 1859 187 3 April April NNP 1859 187 4 2010 2010 CD 1859 187 5 ) ) -RRB- 1859 187 6 : : : 1859 187 7 18 18 CD 1859 187 8 . . . 1859 188 1 32 32 CD 1859 188 2 . . . 1859 189 1 Ibid ibid RB 1859 189 2 . . . 1859 190 1 33 33 CD 1859 190 2 . . . 1859 191 1 Dames dame NNS 1859 191 2 , , , 1859 191 3 “ " `` 1859 191 4 Education education NN 1859 191 5 Use Use NNP 1859 191 6 in in IN 1859 191 7 the the DT 1859 191 8 Digital Digital NNP 1859 191 9 Age,”18 Age,”18 NNP 1859 191 10 . . . 1859 192 1 34 34 CD 1859 192 2 . . . 1859 193 1 Matthew Matthew NNP 1859 193 2 K. K. NNP 1859 193 3 Dames Dames NNP 1859 193 4 , , , 1859 193 5 “ " `` 1859 193 6 Making make VBG 1859 193 7 a a DT 1859 193 8 Case case NN 1859 193 9 for for IN 1859 193 10 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 193 11 Officers Officers NNPS 1859 193 12 , , , 1859 193 13 ” " '' 1859 193 14 Information Information NNP 1859 193 15 Today Today NNP 1859 193 16 25 25 CD 1859 193 17 , , , 1859 193 18 no no UH 1859 193 19 . . . 1859 194 1 7 7 LS 1859 194 2 ( ( -LRB- 1859 194 3 July July NNP 1859 194 4 2010 2010 CD 1859 194 5 ) ) -RRB- 1859 194 6 : : : 1859 194 7 16 16 CD 1859 194 8 . . . 1859 195 1 35 35 CD 1859 195 2 . . . 1859 196 1 William William NNP 1859 196 2 C. C. NNP 1859 196 3 Dougherty Dougherty NNP 1859 196 4 , , , 1859 196 5 “ " `` 1859 196 6 The the DT 1859 196 7 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 196 8 Quagmire Quagmire NNP 1859 196 9 , , , 1859 196 10 ” " '' 1859 196 11 Journal Journal NNP 1859 196 12 of of IN 1859 196 13 Academic Academic NNP 1859 196 14 Librarianship Librarianship NNP 1859 196 15 36 36 CD 1859 196 16 , , , 1859 196 17 no no UH 1859 196 18 . . . 1859 197 1 4 4 LS 1859 197 2 ( ( -LRB- 1859 197 3 July July NNP 1859 197 4 2010 2010 CD 1859 197 5 ) ) -RRB- 1859 197 6 : : : 1859 197 7 351 351 CD 1859 197 8 . . . 1859 198 1 36 36 CD 1859 198 2 . . . 1859 199 1 Ibid ibid RB 1859 199 2 . . . 1859 200 1 37 37 CD 1859 200 2 . . . 1859 201 1 Library Library NNP 1859 201 2 of of IN 1859 201 3 Congress Congress NNP 1859 201 4 , , , 1859 201 5 “ " `` 1859 201 6 Digital Digital NNP 1859 201 7 Rights Rights NNPS 1859 201 8 ” " '' 1859 201 9 and and CC 1859 201 10 Fair Fair NNP 1859 201 11 Use Use NNP 1859 201 12 in in IN 1859 201 13 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 201 14 Law Law NNP 1859 201 15 , , , 1859 201 16 9 9 CD 1859 201 17 . . . 1859 202 1 38 38 CD 1859 202 2 . . . 1859 203 1 Dougherty dougherty NN 1859 203 2 , , , 1859 203 3 “ " `` 1859 203 4 The the DT 1859 203 5 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 203 6 Quagmire Quagmire NNP 1859 203 7 , , , 1859 203 8 ” " '' 1859 203 9 351 351 CD 1859 203 10 . . . 1859 204 1 39 39 CD 1859 204 2 . . . 1859 205 1 Kevin Kevin NNP 1859 205 2 Smith Smith NNP 1859 205 3 , , , 1859 205 4 “ " `` 1859 205 5 Streaming Streaming NNP 1859 205 6 Video Video NNP 1859 205 7 Case case NN 1859 205 8 Dismissed dismiss VBD 1859 205 9 , , , 1859 205 10 ” " '' 1859 205 11 Scholarly Scholarly NNP 1859 205 12 Communications Communications NNPS 1859 205 13 @ @ , 1859 205 14 Duke Duke NNP 1859 205 15 , , , 1859 205 16 October October NNP 1859 205 17 4 4 CD 1859 205 18 , , , 1859 205 19 2011 2011 CD 1859 205 20 , , , 1859 205 21 http://blogs.library.duke.edu/scholcomm/2011/10/04/streaming-video-case- http://blogs.library.duke.edu/scholcomm/2011/10/04/streaming-video-case- NN 1859 205 22 dismissed/ dismissed/ NNP 1859 205 23 ( ( -LRB- 1859 205 24 accessed access VBN 1859 205 25 October October NNP 1859 205 26 13 13 CD 1859 205 27 , , , 1859 205 28 2011 2011 CD 1859 205 29 ) ) -RRB- 1859 205 30 . . . 1859 206 1 http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/copyright/article/48722-hathitrust-suspends-its-orphan-works-release-.html http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/copyright/article/48722-hathitrust-suspends-its-orphan-works-release-.html NNP 1859 206 2 http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/copyright/article/48722-hathitrust-suspends-its-orphan-works-release-.html http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/copyright/article/48722-hathitrust-suspends-its-orphan-works-release-.html NNP 1859 206 3 https://exch.mail.umd.edu/owa/redir.aspx?C=01cfbeb60fb24d1594b179edf974dcfd&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.copyright.gov%2fcircs%2fcircl%2fhtml https://exch.mail.umd.edu/owa/redir.aspx?C=01cfbeb60fb24d1594b179edf974dcfd&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.copyright.gov%2fcircs%2fcircl%2fhtml NNP 1859 206 4 https://exch.mail.umd.edu/owa/redir.aspx?C=01cfbeb60fb24d1594b179edf974dcfd&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.cla-net.org%2fresources%2farticles%2fminow_pirating.php https://exch.mail.umd.edu/owa/redir.aspx?c=01cfbeb60fb24d1594b179edf974dcfd&url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.cla-net.org%2fresources%2farticles%2fminow_pirating.php JJ 1859 206 5 https://exch.mail.umd.edu/owa/redir.aspx?C=01cfbeb60fb24d1594b179edf974dcfd&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.overdrive.com%2fcopyright.asp https://exch.mail.umd.edu/owa/redir.aspx?C=01cfbeb60fb24d1594b179edf974dcfd&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.overdrive.com%2fcopyright.asp NNP 1859 206 6 http://www.libraryjournal.com/lj/home/889452-264/harpercollins_puts_26_loan_cap.html.csp http://www.libraryjournal.com/lj/home/889452-264/harpercollins_puts_26_loan_cap.html.csp JJ 1859 206 7 http://www.libraryjournal.com/lj/home/889452-264/harpercollins_puts_26_loan_cap.html.csp http://www.libraryjournal.com/lj/home/889452-264/harpercollins_puts_26_loan_cap.html.csp NN 1859 206 8 http://blogs.library.duke.edu/scholcomm/2011/10/04/streaming-video-case-dismissed/ http://blogs.library.duke.edu/scholcomm/2011/10/04/streaming-video-case-dismissed/ NNP 1859 206 9 http://blogs.library.duke.edu/scholcomm/2011/10/04/streaming-video-case-dismissed/ http://blogs.library.duke.edu/scholcomm/2011/10/04/streaming-video-case-dismissed/ NNP 1859 206 10 INFORMATION INFORMATION VBD 1859 206 11 TECHNOLOGY technology NN 1859 206 12 AND and CC 1859 206 13 LIBRARIES library NNS 1859 206 14 | | NNP 1859 206 15 MARCH MARCH NNP 1859 206 16 2012 2012 CD 1859 206 17 19 19 CD 1859 206 18 40 40 CD 1859 206 19 . . . 1859 207 1 Dougherty dougherty NN 1859 207 2 , , , 1859 207 3 “ " `` 1859 207 4 The the DT 1859 207 5 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 207 6 Quagmire Quagmire NNP 1859 207 7 , , , 1859 207 8 ” " '' 1859 207 9 351 351 CD 1859 207 10 . . . 1859 208 1 41 41 CD 1859 208 2 . . . 1859 209 1 LibraryLaw.com LibraryLaw.com NNP 1859 209 2 , , , 1859 209 3 “ " `` 1859 209 4 Library Library NNP 1859 209 5 Digitization Digitization NNP 1859 209 6 Table table NN 1859 209 7 . . . 1859 209 8 ” " '' 1859 209 9 42 42 CD 1859 209 10 . . . 1859 210 1 Kate Kate NNP 1859 210 2 M. M. NNP 1859 210 3 Manuel Manuel NNP 1859 210 4 , , , 1859 210 5 The the DT 1859 210 6 Google Google NNP 1859 210 7 Library Library NNP 1859 210 8 Project Project NNP 1859 210 9 : : : 1859 210 10 Is be VBZ 1859 210 11 Digitization digitization NN 1859 210 12 for for IN 1859 210 13 Purposes Purposes NNPS 1859 210 14 of of IN 1859 210 15 Online Online NNP 1859 210 16 Indexing Indexing NNP 1859 210 17 Fair Fair NNP 1859 210 18 Use Use NNP 1859 210 19 Under Under NNP 1859 210 20 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 210 21 Law Law NNP 1859 210 22 , , , 1859 210 23 prepared prepare VBN 1859 210 24 by by IN 1859 210 25 the the DT 1859 210 26 Congressional Congressional NNP 1859 210 27 Research Research NNP 1859 210 28 Service Service NNP 1859 210 29 ( ( -LRB- 1859 210 30 Washington Washington NNP 1859 210 31 , , , 1859 210 32 DC DC NNP 1859 210 33 : : : 1859 210 34 Library Library NNP 1859 210 35 of of IN 1859 210 36 Congress Congress NNP 1859 210 37 , , , 1859 210 38 2009 2009 CD 1859 210 39 ) ) -RRB- 1859 210 40 , , , 1859 210 41 1–2 1–2 CD 1859 210 42 . . . 1859 211 1 43 43 CD 1859 211 2 . . . 1859 212 1 Jeweler Jeweler NNP 1859 212 2 , , , 1859 212 3 “ " `` 1859 212 4 Digital Digital NNP 1859 212 5 Rights Rights NNPS 1859 212 6 ” " '' 1859 212 7 and and CC 1859 212 8 Fair Fair NNP 1859 212 9 Use Use NNP 1859 212 10 in in IN 1859 212 11 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 212 12 Law Law NNP 1859 212 13 , , , 1859 212 14 2 2 CD 1859 212 15 . . . 1859 213 1 44 44 CD 1859 213 2 . . . 1859 214 1 Ibid ibid RB 1859 214 2 . . . 1859 215 1 45 45 CD 1859 215 2 . . . 1859 216 1 Ibid ibid RB 1859 216 2 . . . 1859 217 1 46 46 CD 1859 217 2 . . . 1859 218 1 Manuel Manuel NNP 1859 218 2 , , , 1859 218 3 The the DT 1859 218 4 Google Google NNP 1859 218 5 Library Library NNP 1859 218 6 Project Project NNP 1859 218 7 , , , 1859 218 8 2 2 CD 1859 218 9 . . . 1859 219 1 47 47 CD 1859 219 2 . . . 1859 220 1 Amir Amir NNP 1859 220 2 Efrati Efrati NNP 1859 220 3 and and CC 1859 220 4 Jeffrey Jeffrey NNP 1859 220 5 A. a. NN 1859 220 6 Trachtenberg Trachtenberg NNP 1859 220 7 , , , 1859 220 8 “ " `` 1859 220 9 Judge Judge NNP 1859 220 10 Rejects Rejects NNP 1859 220 11 Google Google NNP 1859 220 12 Books Books NNP 1859 220 13 Settlement Settlement NNP 1859 220 14 , , , 1859 220 15 ” " '' 1859 220 16 Wall Wall NNP 1859 220 17 Street Street NNP 1859 220 18 Journal Journal NNP 1859 220 19 , , , 1859 220 20 March March NNP 1859 220 21 23 23 CD 1859 220 22 , , , 1859 220 23 2011 2011 CD 1859 220 24 , , , 1859 220 25 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704461304576216923562033348.html http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704461304576216923562033348.html NNP 1859 220 26 ( ( -LRB- 1859 220 27 accessed access VBN 1859 220 28 October October NNP 1859 220 29 13 13 CD 1859 220 30 , , , 1859 220 31 2011 2011 CD 1859 220 32 ) ) -RRB- 1859 220 33 . . . 1859 221 1 48 48 CD 1859 221 2 . . . 1859 222 1 Jennings Jennings NNP 1859 222 2 , , , 1859 222 3 Fair Fair NNP 1859 222 4 Use Use NNP 1859 222 5 on on IN 1859 222 6 the the DT 1859 222 7 Internet internet NN 1859 222 8 , , , 1859 222 9 7 7 CD 1859 222 10 . . . 1859 223 1 49 49 CD 1859 223 2 . . . 1859 224 1 Manuel Manuel NNP 1859 224 2 , , , 1859 224 3 The the DT 1859 224 4 Google Google NNP 1859 224 5 Library Library NNP 1859 224 6 Project Project NNP 1859 224 7 , , , 1859 224 8 2 2 CD 1859 224 9 . . . 1859 225 1 50 50 CD 1859 225 2 . . . 1859 226 1 Ibid Ibid NNP 1859 226 2 . . . 1859 226 3 , , , 1859 226 4 9–10 9–10 NNP 1859 226 5 . . . 1859 227 1 51 51 CD 1859 227 2 . . . 1859 228 1 Ibid ibid RB 1859 228 2 . . . 1859 229 1 52 52 CD 1859 229 2 . . . 1859 230 1 Ibid ibid RB 1859 230 2 . . . 1859 231 1 53 53 CD 1859 231 2 . . . 1859 232 1 Pamela Pamela NNP 1859 232 2 Samuelson Samuelson NNP 1859 232 3 , , , 1859 232 4 “ " `` 1859 232 5 Google Google NNP 1859 232 6 Books Books NNPS 1859 232 7 is be VBZ 1859 232 8 Not not RB 1859 232 9 a a DT 1859 232 10 Library library NN 1859 232 11 , , , 1859 232 12 ” " '' 1859 232 13 Huffington Huffington NNP 1859 232 14 Post Post NNP 1859 232 15 , , , 1859 232 16 October October NNP 1859 232 17 13 13 CD 1859 232 18 , , , 1859 232 19 2009 2009 CD 1859 232 20 , , , 1859 232 21 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/pamela-samuelson/google-books-is-not-a-lib_b_317518.html http://www.huffingtonpost.com/pamela-samuelson/google-books-is-not-a-lib_b_317518.html CD 1859 232 22 ( ( -LRB- 1859 232 23 accessed access VBN 1859 232 24 December December NNP 1859 232 25 10 10 CD 1859 232 26 , , , 1859 232 27 2009 2009 CD 1859 232 28 ) ) -RRB- 1859 232 29 . . . 1859 233 1 54 54 CD 1859 233 2 . . . 1859 234 1 Ivy Ivy NNP 1859 234 2 Anderson Anderson NNP 1859 234 3 , , , 1859 234 4 “ " `` 1859 234 5 Hurtling hurtle VBG 1859 234 6 Toward toward IN 1859 234 7 the the DT 1859 234 8 Finish finish JJ 1859 234 9 Line line NN 1859 234 10 : : : 1859 234 11 Should Should MD 1859 234 12 the the DT 1859 234 13 Google Google NNP 1859 234 14 Book Book NNP 1859 234 15 Settlement Settlement NNP 1859 234 16 be be VB 1859 234 17 Approved approve VBN 1859 234 18 ? ? . 1859 234 19 ” " '' 1859 234 20 Against against IN 1859 234 21 the the DT 1859 234 22 Grain Grain NNP 1859 234 23 22 22 CD 1859 234 24 , , , 1859 234 25 no no UH 1859 234 26 . . . 1859 235 1 3 3 LS 1859 235 2 ( ( -LRB- 1859 235 3 June June NNP 1859 235 4 2010 2010 CD 1859 235 5 ) ) -RRB- 1859 235 6 : : : 1859 235 7 18 18 CD 1859 235 8 . . . 1859 236 1 55 55 CD 1859 236 2 . . . 1859 237 1 Samuelson Samuelson NNP 1859 237 2 , , , 1859 237 3 “ " `` 1859 237 4 Google Google NNP 1859 237 5 Books Books NNP 1859 237 6 is be VBZ 1859 237 7 not not RB 1859 237 8 a a DT 1859 237 9 Library library NN 1859 237 10 . . . 1859 237 11 ” " '' 1859 237 12 56 56 CD 1859 237 13 . . . 1859 238 1 Jeweler Jeweler NNP 1859 238 2 , , , 1859 238 3 “ " `` 1859 238 4 ‘ ' `` 1859 238 5 Digital Digital NNP 1859 238 6 Rights Rights NNPS 1859 238 7 ” " '' 1859 238 8 and and CC 1859 238 9 Fair Fair NNP 1859 238 10 Use Use NNP 1859 238 11 in in IN 1859 238 12 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 238 13 Law Law NNP 1859 238 14 , , , 1859 238 15 3 3 CD 1859 238 16 . . . 1859 239 1 57 57 CD 1859 239 2 . . . 1859 240 1 Bailey Bailey NNP 1859 240 2 , , , 1859 240 3 “ " `` 1859 240 4 Strong strong JJ 1859 240 5 Copyright copyright NN 1859 240 6 , , , 1859 240 7 ” " '' 1859 240 8 116 116 CD 1859 240 9 . . . 1859 241 1 58 58 CD 1859 241 2 . . . 1859 242 1 Cushla Cushla NNP 1859 242 2 Kapitzke Kapitzke NNP 1859 242 3 , , , 1859 242 4 “ " `` 1859 242 5 Rethinking rethink VBG 1859 242 6 Copyrights Copyrights NNPS 1859 242 7 for for IN 1859 242 8 the the DT 1859 242 9 Library Library NNP 1859 242 10 through through IN 1859 242 11 Creative Creative NNP 1859 242 12 Commons Commons NNPS 1859 242 13 Licensing Licensing NNP 1859 242 14 , , , 1859 242 15 ” " '' 1859 242 16 Library Library NNP 1859 242 17 Trends Trends NNP 1859 242 18 58 58 CD 1859 242 19 , , , 1859 242 20 no no UH 1859 242 21 . . . 1859 243 1 1 1 LS 1859 243 2 ( ( -LRB- 1859 243 3 Summer summer NN 1859 243 4 2009 2009 CD 1859 243 5 ) ) -RRB- 1859 243 6 : : : 1859 243 7 106 106 CD 1859 243 8 . . . 1859 244 1 59 59 CD 1859 244 2 . . . 1859 245 1 Ibid ibid RB 1859 245 2 . . . 1859 246 1 60 60 CD 1859 246 2 . . . 1859 247 1 University University NNP 1859 247 2 of of IN 1859 247 3 Maryland Maryland NNP 1859 247 4 University University NNP 1859 247 5 College College NNP 1859 247 6 , , , 1859 247 7 “ " `` 1859 247 8 Member Member NNP 1859 247 9 Community Community NNP 1859 247 10 , , , 1859 247 11 ” " '' 1859 247 12 Center center NN 1859 247 13 for for IN 1859 247 14 Intellectual Intellectual NNP 1859 247 15 Property Property NNP 1859 247 16 , , , 1859 247 17 http://cipcommunity.org/s/1039/start.aspx http://cipcommunity.org/s/1039/start.aspx NNP 1859 247 18 ( ( -LRB- 1859 247 19 accessed access VBN 1859 247 20 February February NNP 1859 247 21 21 21 CD 1859 247 22 , , , 1859 247 23 2011 2011 CD 1859 247 24 ) ) -RRB- 1859 247 25 . . . 1859 248 1 61 61 CD 1859 248 2 . . . 1859 249 1 Robin Robin NNP 1859 249 2 Jeweler Jeweler NNP 1859 249 3 , , , 1859 249 4 Copyright Copyright NNP 1859 249 5 Law Law NNP 1859 249 6 : : : 1859 249 7 Digital Digital NNP 1859 249 8 Rights Rights NNPS 1859 249 9 Management Management NNP 1859 249 10 Legislation Legislation NNP 1859 249 11 , , , 1859 249 12 prepared prepare VBN 1859 249 13 by by IN 1859 249 14 the the DT 1859 249 15 Congressional Congressional NNP 1859 249 16 Research Research NNP 1859 249 17 Service Service NNP 1859 249 18 ( ( -LRB- 1859 249 19 Washington Washington NNP 1859 249 20 , , , 1859 249 21 DC DC NNP 1859 249 22 : : : 1859 249 23 Library Library NNP 1859 249 24 of of IN 1859 249 25 Congress Congress NNP 1859 249 26 , , , 1859 249 27 2004 2004 CD 1859 249 28 ) ) -RRB- 1859 249 29 , , , 1859 249 30 summary summary NN 1859 249 31 . . . 1859 250 1 62 62 CD 1859 250 2 . . . 1859 251 1 Creative Creative NNP 1859 251 2 Commons Commons NNPS 1859 251 3 , , , 1859 251 4 “ " `` 1859 251 5 History history NN 1859 251 6 , , , 1859 251 7 ” " '' 1859 251 8 http://creativecommons.org/about/history/ http://creativecommons.org/about/history/ NNP 1859 251 9 ( ( -LRB- 1859 251 10 accessed access VBN 1859 251 11 December December NNP 1859 251 12 8 8 CD 1859 251 13 , , , 1859 251 14 2010 2010 CD 1859 251 15 ) ) -RRB- 1859 251 16 . . . 1859 252 1 63 63 CD 1859 252 2 . . . 1859 253 1 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 1859 253 2 Lessig Lessig NNP 1859 253 3 , , , 1859 253 4 “ " `` 1859 253 5 The the DT 1859 253 6 Vision Vision NNP 1859 253 7 for for IN 1859 253 8 the the DT 1859 253 9 Creative Creative NNP 1859 253 10 Commons Commons NNPS 1859 253 11 ? ? . 1859 254 1 What what WP 1859 254 2 are be VBP 1859 254 3 We -PRON- PRP 1859 254 4 and and CC 1859 254 5 Where where WRB 1859 254 6 are be VBP 1859 254 7 We -PRON- PRP 1859 254 8 Headed head VBN 1859 254 9 ? ? . 1859 255 1 Free Free NNP 1859 255 2 Culture Culture NNP 1859 255 3 , , , 1859 255 4 ” " '' 1859 255 5 in in IN 1859 255 6 Open Open NNP 1859 255 7 Content Content NNP 1859 255 8 Licensing licensing NN 1859 255 9 : : : 1859 255 10 Cultivating cultivate VBG 1859 255 11 the the DT 1859 255 12 Creative Creative NNP 1859 255 13 Commons Commons NNPS 1859 255 14 , , , 1859 255 15 ed ed NN 1859 255 16 . . . 1859 256 1 Brian Brian NNP 1859 256 2 Fitzgerald Fitzgerald NNP 1859 256 3 ( ( -LRB- 1859 256 4 Sydney Sydney NNP 1859 256 5 : : : 1859 256 6 Sydney Sydney NNP 1859 256 7 University University NNP 1859 256 8 Press Press NNP 1859 256 9 , , , 1859 256 10 2007 2007 CD 1859 256 11 ) ) -RRB- 1859 256 12 , , , 1859 256 13 42 42 CD 1859 256 14 . . . 1859 257 1 64 64 CD 1859 257 2 . . . 1859 258 1 Steven Steven NNP 1859 258 2 J. J. NNP 1859 258 3 Melamut Melamut NNP 1859 258 4 , , , 1859 258 5 “ " `` 1859 258 6 Free Free NNP 1859 258 7 Creativity creativity NN 1859 258 8 : : : 1859 258 9 Understanding understand VBG 1859 258 10 the the DT 1859 258 11 Creative Creative NNP 1859 258 12 Commons Commons NNPS 1859 258 13 Licenses Licenses NNPS 1859 258 14 , , , 1859 258 15 ” " '' 1859 258 16 American American NNP 1859 258 17 Association Association NNP 1859 258 18 of of IN 1859 258 19 Law Law NNP 1859 258 20 Libraries Libraries NNP 1859 258 21 14 14 CD 1859 258 22 , , , 1859 258 23 no no UH 1859 258 24 . . . 1859 259 1 6 6 LS 1859 259 2 ( ( -LRB- 1859 259 3 April April NNP 1859 259 4 2010 2010 CD 1859 259 5 ) ) -RRB- 1859 259 6 : : : 1859 259 7 22 22 CD 1859 259 8 . . . 1859 259 9 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704461304576216923562033348.html http://online.wsj.com/article/sb10001424052748704461304576216923562033348.html ADD 1859 259 10 https://exch.mail.umd.edu/owa/redir.aspx?C=01cfbeb60fb24d1594b179edf974dcfd&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2fpamela-samuelson%2fgoogle-books-is-not-a-lib_b_317518.html https://exch.mail.umd.edu/owa/redir.aspx?C=01cfbeb60fb24d1594b179edf974dcfd&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2fpamela-samuelson%2fgoogle-books-is-not-a-lib_b_317518.html . 1859 259 11 https://exch.mail.umd.edu/owa/redir.aspx?C=01cfbeb60fb24d1594b179edf974dcfd&URL=http%3a%2f%2fcipcommunity.org%2fs%2f1039%2fstart.aspx https://exch.mail.umd.edu/owa/redir.aspx?C=01cfbeb60fb24d1594b179edf974dcfd&URL=http%3a%2f%2fcipcommunity.org%2fs%2f1039%2fstart.aspx NNPS 1859 259 12 https://exch.mail.umd.edu/owa/redir.aspx?C=01cfbeb60fb24d1594b179edf974dcfd&URL=http%3a%2f%2fcreativecommons.org%2fabout%2fhistory%2f https://exch.mail.umd.edu/owa/redir.aspx?c=01cfbeb60fb24d1594b179edf974dcfd&url=http%3a%2f%2fcreativecommons.org%2fabout%2fhistory%2f NN 1859 259 13 COPYRIGHT copyright NN 1859 259 14 : : : 1859 259 15 REGULATION regulation NN 1859 259 16 OUT out IN 1859 259 17 OF of IN 1859 259 18 LINE line NN 1859 259 19 WITH with IN 1859 259 20 OUR our PRP$ 1859 259 21 DIGITAL DIGITAL NNP 1859 259 22 REALITY REALITY NNP 1859 259 23 | | NNP 1859 259 24 MCDERMOTT MCDERMOTT NNP 1859 259 25 20 20 CD 1859 259 26 65 65 CD 1859 259 27 . . . 1859 260 1 Lessig Lessig NNS 1859 260 2 , , , 1859 260 3 “ " `` 1859 260 4 The the DT 1859 260 5 Vision Vision NNP 1859 260 6 for for IN 1859 260 7 the the DT 1859 260 8 Creative Creative NNP 1859 260 9 Commons Commons NNPS 1859 260 10 ? ? . 1859 260 11 ” " '' 1859 260 12 45 45 CD 1859 260 13 . . . 1859 261 1 66 66 CD 1859 261 2 . . . 1859 262 1 Creative Creative NNP 1859 262 2 Commons Commons NNPS 1859 262 3 , , , 1859 262 4 “ " `` 1859 262 5 About about RB 1859 262 6 , , , 1859 262 7 ” " '' 1859 262 8 http://creativecommons.org/about/ http://creativecommons.org/about/ PRP 1859 262 9 ( ( -LRB- 1859 262 10 accessed access VBN 1859 262 11 December December NNP 1859 262 12 8 8 CD 1859 262 13 , , , 1859 262 14 2010 2010 CD 1859 262 15 ) ) -RRB- 1859 262 16 . . . 1859 263 1 67 67 CD 1859 263 2 . . . 1859 264 1 Ibid ibid RB 1859 264 2 . . . 1859 265 1 68 68 CD 1859 265 2 . . . 1859 266 1 Ibid ibid RB 1859 266 2 . . . 1859 267 1 69 69 CD 1859 267 2 . . . 1859 268 1 Bridgewater bridgewater NN 1859 268 2 , , , 1859 268 3 “ " `` 1859 268 4 Tipping tip VBG 1859 268 5 the the DT 1859 268 6 Scales Scales NNPS 1859 268 7 , , , 1859 268 8 ” " '' 1859 268 9 21 21 CD 1859 268 10 . . . 1859 269 1 70 70 CD 1859 269 2 . . . 1859 270 1 Ibid ibid RB 1859 270 2 . . . 1859 271 1 71 71 CD 1859 271 2 . . . 1859 272 1 Woody Woody NNP 1859 272 2 Evans Evans NNP 1859 272 3 , , , 1859 272 4 “ " `` 1859 272 5 Commons Commons NNPS 1859 272 6 and and CC 1859 272 7 Creativity Creativity NNP 1859 272 8 , , , 1859 272 9 ” " '' 1859 272 10 Searcher Searcher NNP 1859 272 11 17 17 CD 1859 272 12 , , , 1859 272 13 no no UH 1859 272 14 . . . 1859 273 1 9 9 CD 1859 273 2 ( ( -LRB- 1859 273 3 October October NNP 1859 273 4 2009 2009 CD 1859 273 5 ) ) -RRB- 1859 273 6 : : : 1859 273 7 34 34 CD 1859 273 8 . . . 1859 273 9 https://exch.mail.umd.edu/owa/redir.aspx?C=01cfbeb60fb24d1594b179edf974dcfd&URL=http%3a%2f%2fcreativecommons.org%2fabout%2f https://exch.mail.umd.edu/owa/redir.aspx?C=01cfbeb60fb24d1594b179edf974dcfd&URL=http%3a%2f%2fcreativecommons.org%2fabout%2f NNP