295 

LISTINGS OF UNCATALOGED COLLECTIONS 

Fred L. BELLOMY: Head, and Lies N. JACCARINO: Systems Analyst, 
Library Systems Staff, University of California, Santa Barbara, California. 

An operational computerized system used by the UCSB Libraries produces 
listings of bibliographic data about items in collections where full cataloging 
treatment is not considered justified. The system produces listings of the 
brief bibliographic records sorted by any of the data elements in the record 
including up to twenty-five subjects terrrl8. Of special interest are the 
authority listings of descriptions and the coordinate indexes to the full 
records. 

INTRODUCTION 
This short report was extracted from the more comprehensive document, 
Listings of Uncataloged Collections- Systems Documentation, Santa 
Barbara: University of California, December 1969, Library Systems Docu-
ment LS 69-11. 

The Library Staff at the University of California at Santa Barbara is 
using computerized procedures to produce a variety of listings of biblio-
graphic information about items in uncataloged collections. Although many 
similar systems undoubtedly have been developed to do similar jobs, this 
one is noteworthy in two respects, first in being well-documented and sec-
ond because its versatility has been tested on three totally different col-
lections. The machine programs, written in PL/1, were first used to list 
the UCSB Art Exhibition Catalogs Collection, but they were designed to 
be versatile so that they could he applied easily to other similar collections 



296 Journal of Library Automation Vol. 3/4 December, 1970 

as well. At present these programs are also being used at UCSB to list 
the documentation of marine pollution due to major oil spills (The Oil 
Spill Information Center). The programs have been successfully tested 
also on about one hundred items of the UCSB collection of Early American 
Trade Catalogs. Application to other collections (such as the phono record 
collection or video tape file) has been studied and is feasible. 

Although it is usually difficult to use programs that were not specifically 
tailored for a particular user, these programs represent at least one instance 
where attention to versatility and the probable broad scope of possible 
applications has resulted in a system capable of producing listings for 
different collections at any location where there is access to an IBM System 
360 Computer and a staff capable of adapting about a half dozen Job 
Control Language ( JCL) statements. 

The machine written listings of catalogs provide a limited amount of 
bibliographic data about each item in the collection. The advantage of 
such listings is the expedition with which a new, not-yet-cataloged, collec-
tion can be made accessible. 

DESCRIPTION 
As a first step in obtaining a listing, library staff members examine ea~h 

item in the collection to be listed and transcribe the necessary bibliographic 
data to an input work sheet (Figure 1). 

Information on the work sheet is keypunched into one or more punched 
cards. These records, once in the computer, can be sorted in various ways 
to provide a variety of listings. Master listings can be produced at desired 
intervals (e.g. monthly). Multiple copies of each list can be produced, 
and the sheets of computer printout are a convenient form of access to 
the material when individual copies of the list are separated and placed 
in hard-board binders for distribution to the Library Service Desks. 

Program "packages" (i.e. JCL decks) contain many comment cards, so 
that each package is self explanatory after very little instruction. To keep 
the system simple for the librarians who use it, separate "packages" have 
been prepared for each different listing (or combination of listings) decided 
on. Listings of the full records (see Figure 2) have been prepared now 
by 1) classification letter, 2) accession number, 3) year of "exhibit", 11) 
mai~ and secondary subjects, 12) agency name, 13) agency city, and 17) 
author. Obviously, others are possible. Listings of subjects (Figure 3) and 
agencies with the number of times each was used accompany full record 
listings by subject and agency. These are used as authority lists for future 
term assignments. Another package, ARTINDX, is used to produce co-
ordinate indexes by subject, agency, author and others. An example of 
the subject index is shown in Figure 4. Such indexes are used with a 
master listing of the full bibliographic records in accession number order. 
This method reduces the amount of printout required to provide many 
different description approaches to the collection. 



Listings of Uncataloged CollectionsfBELLOMY and JACCARINO 297 

CATALOG COLLECTIONS 
Input Worksheet 

Column 
1. Classification letter ___ 2-3 
2. Accession Number 4-8 
3. Year of Exhibit 9-12 
4. 8&W Illustration No. 13-15 
5. Color Illustration No. 16-18 
6. Chronology (Y=yes, N=no) __ 19 
7. Bibliography No. Pages __ 20-21 
8. Bib.Ft.Notes (Y=yes,N=no)_ 22 
9. Pages No. 23-25 

10. Spare 26-30 
11. Subject(s) (separate with ";"} Var 

1 2. Agency name Var 

13. Agency City Var 
14. Agency State Var 
1 5. Agency Country Var 
1 6. Title Var 

17. Au thor _________ _ Var 

18. Spare __________ _ Var 

Note: Data elements 1-10 are fixed field 
and are to be keyed into the card columns 
indicated. The card sequence number is 
always keyed into column 1. Data elements 
11-18 are variable field and each is to be 
terminated with a"". Every record must 
contain exac tly eight of the s e end of 
variable field marks (" "). 

Fig. 1. Input Worksheet for Catalog Collections. 



A~T E~H I B ITION CATALOG IN DA TE SEQUENCE DECEMBER 1, 1968 PAG E 3 
~ 

<---------A GENC Y---------> <~O.> <-------------SUBJECT--------------> <DAT E> <---------------~O I ES ,AUT HOR ,TITLE , ETC . ---- -----------> g5 
BRITISH MUSEUM 

LONOON ,GREAT BR ITAI N 

AR ITI SH 'I USEUM 
LON OON,GREAT BR ITA IN 

f iTZ WILLIAM MU SEUM 
CAMBR I DGE,GREA T BRITAIN 

MAGGS BROS. 
LONOON ,GR EAT BRITAIN 

KLEIN~ERGER,F .,GALLER I ES 
NEW YORK , NEW YOR K 
USA 

OROUOT, HOTEL 
PARIS , FR A.'lCE 

NATIO NA L LOAN COLLECTION T 
RUST 
LONDO'l,GREAT BRITAIN 

BELVEDERE 
VIENNA,AUSTRI4 

OROUOT , HOTEL 
PAR!S,FRANCE 

MAGGS BROS, 
LONDON,G REAT BRITAIN 

NAT I ONAL HUSEET 
CO PENHAGEN , OENMARK 

933 BRITISH MUSEUM, LONOON,GRE AT BRl TA INt 
COLLECT I ONS ,HA NOAOOKS MANUAL S AND 
GUI'lES; 
LONDON,GREAT 8R ITAIN ,GA LLERI ES AND 
MUSEU~ S,COLLECTI ONS; 
BRONZE AGE,EUROPEAN,COLLECTIONS; 
BRON7.ES,EURO PEAN, CP.LLfC TIONS; 
~RONZES,CELTIC,COLLECTIONS 

113 BRITISH MU SEUM,L ONOON,G RF.AT BRITAIN, 
COLLECT IONS,HANOB 80KS MANUALS AND 
GU I OF.S; 
LONO'lN ,GREAT BRITAIN,GALLER I ES AND 
MUSEUMS,COLLECTI ONS,HANDBOOK S 
~ANUALS ANO GUIDES; 
ART, fGYPTI AN, COLLECTIONS 

774 FITlWILLIAM MlJSEUM,CAMBRIOGE,GREAT 
BRITAIN,COLLECTIONS,HANDBOOKS 
MAN UALS AND GU I DES; 
ChMBRIDGE,GRO.AT BRITAIN,GALLERIES 
AND "USEU MS,COLLECTIONS,HANOBO OKS 
MANUA LS AND GUIDES 

670 GRAPH I C ARTS 

70 1 PAINTING, ITALIAN, 15TH CEN TURY; 
CHARITJES,AMERJ CAN,20 TH CENTURY ; 
PAINTING,JTALIAN,l6TH CEN TURY; 
WORLD WAR ,l914-191 8 tCHARITIE S, 
A"ERICAN 

7 2 SA I NT-AUBIN,GABRIEL JACQUES OE,l724-
1780; 
GRAPHIC ARTS,FRENCH,18TH CENTU~Y 

789 NAT IONA L LOAN COLL EC TION TRUS T, 
LONOON,GREAT BRJTAI N, CO LLECTIONSt 
HANDBOOKS MANUAL S ANO GUIDES; 
LONOON,GREAT BRITAIN,GALLERIES AND 
MUSEUMS,COLLECTIONS: 
PAINTING,COLLECTION S 

224 TAPESTRY,GOBELIN 

70 UHDE,WILHELM,l874-19~7; 
COLLECTORS AND COLLEC TING,20TH 
CENTURY 

669 GRAPHIC ARTS 

641 HANET,EDOUAR0,1 832-188~ ; 
PAINT I NG , FRENCH,19TH CENTURY 

Fig. 2. Sample Listin g of Full Record. 

11905 1 1~8P 1153 BtW llL US t 1 COLOR !LLUS , INC . CHRONOLOGYI 
AUTHOR: lEA),C~ARLcS A.;SHIT H, REGIN AL O; TillE: GUI DE TO 
THE ANT!~UIT IES OF THE EARLY BRONZE AGE OF CENTRAL ANO 
WESTERN EU~JPE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF BRITISH AND 
MEDI AEVAL ANIIQ UIT! fS !BRITISH MUSEUMI 

119091 32SP 1233 Bt tl I LLUS, 1P BIBLIOGRAPHY, FOOTNOTES, I NC. 
CHRONOLO:OY I AUT HOR: BU'lGE,E,A .WAL LIS ; TITLE: GUIDE TO 
T~E EGYPTIAN COLLE CTI ONS IN THE BR ITI SH MUSEUM 

119121 240P 1223 B&W ILL US I TITLE: PR IN CIPAL PICTURES OF THE 
FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM 0 CAM 8RIDGE 

119151 105P 127 B&W IL LUSI TITl E: ENGRAV I NGS , ETCHINGS AND 
DRAWINGS ! CATALOGUE 134?1 

119171 26 0P 1102 B&W I LLUS , 3P BIBLIOGRAPHY, FOO TN OTESI AUTHOR 
: SIREN,JSVALO;BROCKWELL ,MAUR IC E w.; T ITL E: LOAN 
EXH IBITI ON OF ITALIAN PRIMI TIVE S IN AIO OF THE AMERI CAN 
WAR RELI EF 

119191 63P 140 BtW ILLUS, FOOTN OTES I TITLE: EAUX-FO RT ES 
ORIGINALES , GRAVURES,OESSINS , L I VRES ET CATALOGUES 
!LLUSTRES 

119191 1l3P 153 BtW lllUS, IP III BLIOGR APHY, FOO TNOTE S, INC. 
CHRONOLO~YI TITL E: CAT ALOGUE OF PICTUR ES IN .THE 
NATIONAL LOAN COLLECT ION TRUST,LONOON 

119211 71P 124 BtW IL LUS , FOOTN OTES I AUT HOR: BALOASS,LUOW I G 
V~; TI TLE: KATA LOG .OER GO~ELINS-AUSS TELLUNG I PART 2 OF 
A WORK I~ 3 PARTSI 

119211 IZP 11 6 3tW ILLUS) TITLE: CATALOGUE DES TABLEAUX: 
AQUARELLcS,OESS IN S,COLLECTION UHOE , SALLE N.l. 

119221 146P 142 BtW I LLU SI TITLE: ENGRAVINGS,ETCHINGS AND 
DRAW I NGS ! CATA LOGUE •4301 

11 9221 36P 17 Bt w ILL US , 1 P BIBliOGRAPHY, FOOTNOTESI T I TLE : 
EOOUARO MANET CUISIAL LNIN G AV HANS ARBETEN I 
SK4 NDINAVISK AGOI 

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Listings of Uncataloged CollectionsjBELLOMY and JACCARINO 299 

COUNT 

1 
3 
l 
1 
1 
4 
6 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
fl 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
7 
1 
1 
8 
3 
q 

1 
1 
1 
2 
R 
1 

14 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
4 
1 
4 
1 
1 
2 
1 
4 
1 

23 
3 
1 

57 

SURJECT 

PA I~TING,AME~ ICAN ,2 0TH CENTURY, 1qA3-1967 
PAINTING,ARGENTINEr20TH CENTURY 
PAI~TING,AUSTRAIN,15TH C~NTURY 

PAINTING,AUSTRALIAN,20TH CENTURY,l954-1966,COLL~(TIONS 
PAINTING,AUSTR!AN,lBTH CENTURY 
PAINTING~AUSTRIANrl9TH rENTURV 
PAT~TING,AUSTRIAN,20TH CENTURY 
PAlNTING,AUSTRIAN,20TH CENTURY,COLLECTIONS 
PAINTING,BAROQUE,OUTCH,l7TH CE~TURY 
PATNTING,BAROQUE,FLEMISH,1?TH CEN TURY 
?AINTING,BAROQUE,ITALY 
PAJNTING,BAROQUE,lBTH CENTURY 
PAINTINGrBELGIAN,lQTH CFNTURY 
PAINTING,BELGIA~.20TH CENTURY 
PAINTING,BRASILIAN,20TH CENTURY 
DAI~TING,BRITISHrl9TH CENTURY 
PAT~TING,CANAOA,ZOTH CE NTURY 
PAINTING,CANADIANrl9TH CENTU~Y 
PAINTING,CANADIAN,2 0 TH CENTURY 
PAINTING,CHINESE,COLLECTI ONS 
PATNTING,COLLECTtnNS. 
PAINTING, COLLECTIONS 
PAINTING,CZECHOSLOVAK,17TH CENTURY 
PAINTING,OUTCH,COLLECTIONS 
PAINTING,OUTCH,17TH CFNTURY 
PATNTING,DUTCH,1qTH CENTURY 
PAINTING,OUTCH,20TH CENTURY 
PAINTING,ENGLISH,COLLFCTIQNS 
PATNTING,ENGLISH,NOR~I\.H SCHOOL 
PAINTING,ENGLISH,l6TH CENTUPY 
PAINTING,ENGLISH,18TH CENTURY 
PAINTING,ENGLISH,l9TH CENTURY 
PAJNTING,ENGLISY,19TH CENTURY,COLLECTIONS 
PAINTING,ENGLISH, 20T H CENTURY 
PATNTING,ENGLJSH,?OTH C~ETURY 
PAl~TING,EUREPEA~ 

PAINTING,EUROPEA~ 

PAINTING,FLE~ISH,COLLECTI~NS 

PATNTING,FLEMISH,l6TH CENTURY,COLLECTIGNS 
PAT~TING,FLEMISH,t7TH CE~TURV 

PATNTING,FLEMISH,17TH CFNTURY,COLLECTIO~S 
Pt.TNTING,FRENCH 
PATNTING,FRENCH,COLLECTI0NS 
PATNTING,FRE~CH,l6TH CENTURY,l530-1619 
PATNTING,FRE~CH,l7TH CENTURY 
PAtNTING,FRENCH,17TH .CENTURY,CrLLECTlONS 
PAINTING,FR ENCH,J~TH CcNT~RY 
PAINTING,FRE~CH,lRTH C~~T~RY,COLLECTIONS 

PATNTING,FRENCH,19TH CE~TURY 
PAINTJNG,FRENCH,19TH CFNTURY,CnLL~CTIONS 
PAlNTING,FRENCH,l9TH CENTURY,t892-1897 
DAJNTING,FRENCH,20TH CENTURY 

Fig. 3. Subject Listing. 



OIL OIL SPILL INFOR"ATION CENTER Sli8JEC T IN DE X tC TOBER, 1970 PAGE 102 OH c.o 
8 

OIL IHPORTS.HISTDRY ~E 0007 
...... 
0 
~ 

OIL IHFC~lS.~ESlRlllll~S JO Ol.lJ 
'"'t 
~ 
~ ...... 

OIL IN NAVICA8l£ WATERS ACT 119221 Jt 1100 J O 1013 JO 1195 .Q.. 
JO 2065 

~ .... 
OIL IN NAVIGA8L£ WH£RS ALT .AMENDHENTS J~ 1100 ~ 

119631 ~ 
~ 

OIL LANDS NE 0603 JO 0129 
~ 
1:: 

OIL lUKAGE J() 016 0 GP 0068 ..... 
0 

OIL LEAKS JO 0038 ~ ..... .... 
OIL POllUTION GP UO.lO GP 001l GP 0012 JO OOU GP OCC4 GP OOSS Gf 0 056 GP 0057 JO 0008 GP 0069 

0 
~ 

GP 0060 JO 1011 J G 002 2 JO 0103 GP 0034 JO 002 5 J t 0Cl6 JO 0037 JO 0098 JO 0009 
JO COijO JO 2021 J O 0032 JO OIH GP OC61t JO 003.5 JC OC86 JO 0071 JO 0118 JO 0039 < J(; 0100 Nf 101t1 JO 0 082 JO OISl JU OC11t JO C0~5 JC OIU J~ 0087 JO l l~t8 JO 0089 
JO 0120 Nf 2111 JG 0092 JO 1013 JO OOllt J O C105 Jt 0126 JO 0097 JO 2018 JO 0099 £. 
.JO 10oU Nf 2261 JC 0102 JU 1213 JO CC41t J(J 0115 JC Olit6 JU 0127 NE 0608 JO 0109 
JU 1100 JG 0132 NE 0603 Jll 0 094 J O 1165 Jll 1196 JO 1067 NE I 008 JO 0129 c.o 
J~ 20QO Jll 1002 NE IOU JU 010 4 J() £ 025 J( £036 JO 1297 Nf 1088 JO 0199 -NE 06IU JC lOll NE IUS) Jll 0154 JO 2065 NE 2016 r.e· 0607 NE £048 J O 1209 ,;:.. Nf 1040 JO 1092 NE 1073 JO 1014 NE 0615 M 21t6 hE 1 0 67 NE 2088 JO 1229 
NE 1070 JC llti2 NE 2U03 JO IC44 NE 2035 NE 2246 ~E 2097 NE 2188 JO 1299 
NE 2090 JO 2002 NE 2083 JO IC54 NE 2045 1<£ 2.l5t H 2257 NE 2228 NE 0609 t::J 
NE 22•0 JU 2012 N£ 2093 JG 1C6'< NE 2085 "E 22~6 I<E 2317 NE 2H8 NE 1049 Cb 
Rt 0030 NE 01>02 NE 210l JO 1084 I<E 2095 "e 2356 ~e oo21 NE 2258 Nf 1069 () 

NE 1032 NE 2103 JO 1294 NE 21H RE 0036 NE 2268 NE 2099 Cb 
NE 1082 NE £183 NE C614 NE 229~ NE 2119 s 
I<E 2042 NE 2243 NE 1064 RE COO 5 NE 22 19 cr' 
Nf 2052 NE 2303 NE 2014 RE 0035 Nf 2£79 Cb 
NE 2092 Nf nu NE 2C84 ~'"I 
NE 2102 N~ 2Hl Nt 2094 
NE 2212 PA OOOl NE 21C4 

,_. 
NE 2892 RE 0033 NE 2114 co 
P4 0002 NE 2264 -.1 
RE 0002 NE 23 14 

0 
NE £384 
NE 2~3lo 
NE 2l14 

Fig. 4. Coordinate Index of Subjects. 



Listings of Uncataloged CollectionsjBELLOMY and JACCARINO 301 

COMPUTER PROGRAM 
The computer program for the listings consists of several separate job 

steps. The job step, ARTREAD, which reads the data cards into the ma-
chine, prepares a file in correct form for the sorting and printing steps. 
ARTREAD will also prepare the master file on disk for fmther processing. 

The second step, SORTD, is a standard utility program in the IBM 
Computer Library. It sorts records according to specifications on one of 
the cards in the program package. The third job step, ARTPRNT, prints 
the listing. This program is so designed that it can print either the agency 
field or the subject field on the left-hand side of the page; it also permits 
printing or omitting agency state or agency country, or both. A completely 
separate program, called ARTUPDT, enables the Librarian to update the 
master file periodically. It allows addition and deletion of records and 
changes in records already listed. 

A special feature of the ARTREAD program is worth mentioning. The 
input record has room for five separate subjects and each subject has 
room for five separate subdivisions. It is possible to specify an option in 
ARTREAD whereby the subjects in the subject field are rotated so that 
separate records are created, each with a different subject in the first field. 
This option would make up to five records out of one. There is also an 
option enabling a maximum of 25 records to be made out of one, whereby 
each subject subdivision is printed in the first position in the subject field. 
These two options are of importance when subject sorting takes place; 
the latter one is of particular use when subject indexes are printed. An 
example of the way these options operate is shown below. 
The original data in field 11: 

DADAISM, FRENCH, 20th CENTURY; 
DUCHAMP, MARCEL, 1887-1968 

Option 0 will file the original record as: 
DADAISM, FRENCH, 20TH CENTURY; 

DUCHAMP, MARCEL, 1887-1968 
Option 1 will file the same as Option 0 and in addition it will file : 

DUCHAMP, MARCEL, 1887-1968; 
DADAISM, FRENCH, 20TH CENTURY 

Option 2 will file the same as Option 1 and in addition it will file: 
FRENCH, 20TH CENTURY, DADAISM ; 

DUCHAMP, MARCEL, 1887-1968 
20TH CENTURY, DADAISM, FRENCH; 

DUCHAMP, MARCEL, 1887-1968 
MARCEL, 1887-1968, DUCHAMP; 

DADAISM, FRENCH, 20TH CENTURY 
1887-1968, DUCHAMP, MARCEL; 

DADAISM, FRENCH, 20TH CENTURY 



302 Journal of Library Automation Vol. 3/4 December, 1970 

Option 3 may be used when producing an author listing. When this option 
is specified, a separate record is created for each second, third, etc. author 
in permuted order. For example, when field 17 contains: 

AUTHOR: LIPCHITZ, JACQUES; GRIS, 
JUAN; TITLE: JUAN GRIS 1887-1927. 

Option 3 creates the additional record: 
AUTHOR: GRIS, JUAN; LIPCHITZ, JACQUES 

TITLE: JUAN GRIS 1887-1927. 
The length of each record is variable, with a limit of 1,223 characters 

per record, a number arrived at by summing the maximum field lengths 
observed in a sample of 100 typical records. 

Detailed listings of the programs and program packages ( JCL) are 
available at the UCSB Library Systems Office. 

IMPLEMENTATION 
The program packages mentioned earlier were designed for user con-

venience. A program package is a deck of control cards (IBM JCL) that 
call on the stored programs, ARTREAD, SORTD, ARTPRNT, ARTUPDT 
and ARTINDX when needed, and include all the options required for a 
particular type of listing. The program package with a current heading 
card in place and punched data cards inserted is ready for submission 
to the computer. Such a package for an update run is shown in Figure 5. 

I NITIAL-
IZATION 

& 
AR T READ 

Fig. 5. ARTUPDT Program Package. 

CONCLUSION 

UPDATE CARDS 
GO HERE 

HEADING CARD FOR 
UPDATE TRANSACTIONS 
GOES HERE 

This classical systems development effort has demonstrated that highly 
versatile systems capable of meeting a wide range of requirements can be 



Listings of Uncataloged CollectionsjBELLOMY and JACCARINO 303 

developed when attention is given to the full scope of requirements the 
new system may be called upon to meet. That the new computerized pro-
cedures are in fact satisfying diverse needs is attested to by the following 
two statements from Librarians using the machine produced lists with 
different uncataloged collections : Virginia Smith, Arts Library, says : 

"This system of listing Art Exhibition Catalogs has several advantages. 
The access to each catalog is so much greater than in a standard cata-
loging system that the regular method seems antiquated. Each cata-
log can be retrieved by almost any kind of information - author, 
title, date, agency (sponsoring or exhibiting institution), city, country, 
or one of the possible twenty-five subject descriptors. The economy 
is another advantage- there is a 40% increase in production over the 
standard cataloging. The processing is simpler and faster, and the end 
product (computerized printout) is a facile tool adaptable for any 
level of patron, freshman to doctoral candidate." 

Maria Patermann, Oil Spell Information Center, reports: 
"The base of our retrospective search module consists of more than 
10,000 citations to a wide range of library materials (journal articles, 
photographs, newspaper clippings, aerial photographs, maps, films, 
tapes, texts and monographs) related to major oil spills. The data 
base is expected to grow to 100,000 items. All material is indexed at 
an average level of 9.5 terms per item using a controlled vocabulary 
( theasaurus) of our own design which must satisfy a wide range of 
user needs. 
The system of producing selective listings can serve well. Its major 

advantage is providing access to a multi-discipline, multiform collec-
tion and the elimination of duplicate processing operations. The multi-
ple subject entries make it unnecessary to obtain more than one copy 
of any document. The reduction of search time and the flexibility of 
refining the thesaums with a built-in weeding capability are the 
most important benefits for our growing collection. Input can be pre-
pared by non-professionals - an economic advantage which offsets, 
to some extent, the cost of keypunching operations. This automated 
system is expected to become an attractive customer service in that 
it gives a dynamic impact of selected information from a large data 
bank." 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

The system described in this document is the work of many hands, and 
without the encouragment of the University Librarian, Donald C. David-
son, and the Assistant University Librarian- Services, Eugene E. Graziano, 
and the enthusiasm of the Head of the Arts Library, William R. Treese, 
these pr<:>grams might never have been developed.