id sid tid token lemma pos 5245 1 1 ORTHOGRAPHIC orthographic NN 5245 1 2 ERROR error NN 5245 1 3 PATTERNS pattern NNS 5245 1 4 OF of IN 5245 1 5 AUTHOR author NN 5245 1 6 NAMES NAMES NNP 5245 1 7 IN in IN 5245 1 8 CATALOG catalog NN 5245 1 9 SEARCHES searches NN 5245 1 10 93 93 CD 5245 1 11 Renata Renata NNP 5245 1 12 TAGLIACOZZO TAGLIACOZZO NNP 5245 1 13 , , , 5245 1 14 Manfred Manfred NNP 5245 1 15 KOCHEN KOCHEN NNP 5245 1 16 , , , 5245 1 17 and and CC 5245 1 18 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 5245 1 19 ROSEN- ROSEN- NNP 5245 1 20 BERG BERG NNP 5245 1 21 : : : 5245 1 22 Mental Mental NNP 5245 1 23 Health Health NNP 5245 1 24 Research Research NNP 5245 1 25 Institute Institute NNP 5245 1 26 , , , 5245 1 27 The the DT 5245 1 28 University University NNP 5245 1 29 of of IN 5245 1 30 Michigan Michigan NNP 5245 1 31 , , , 5245 1 32 Ann Ann NNP 5245 1 33 Arbor Arbor NNP 5245 1 34 , , , 5245 1 35 Michigan Michigan NNP 5245 1 36 An an DT 5245 1 37 investigation investigation NN 5245 1 38 of of IN 5245 1 39 error error NN 5245 1 40 patterns pattern NNS 5245 1 41 in in IN 5245 1 42 author author NN 5245 1 43 names name NNS 5245 1 44 based base VBN 5245 1 45 on on IN 5245 1 46 data datum NNS 5245 1 47 from from IN 5245 1 48 a a DT 5245 1 49 survey survey NN 5245 1 50 of of IN 5245 1 51 library library JJ 5245 1 52 catalog catalog NN 5245 1 53 searches search NNS 5245 1 54 . . . 5245 2 1 Position position NN 5245 2 2 of of IN 5245 2 3 spelling spelling NN 5245 2 4 errors error NNS 5245 2 5 was be VBD 5245 2 6 noted note VBN 5245 2 7 and and CC 5245 2 8 related relate VBN 5245 2 9 to to IN 5245 2 10 length length NN 5245 2 11 of of IN 5245 2 12 name name NN 5245 2 13 . . . 5245 3 1 Probability probability NN 5245 3 2 of of IN 5245 3 3 a a DT 5245 3 4 name name NN 5245 3 5 having have VBG 5245 3 6 a a DT 5245 3 7 spelling spelling NN 5245 3 8 error error NN 5245 3 9 was be VBD 5245 3 10 found find VBN 5245 3 11 to to TO 5245 3 12 increase increase VB 5245 3 13 with with IN 5245 3 14 length length NN 5245 3 15 of of IN 5245 3 16 name name NN 5245 3 17 . . . 5245 4 1 Nearly nearly RB 5245 4 2 half half NN 5245 4 3 of of IN 5245 4 4 the the DT 5245 4 5 spell- spell- NN 5245 4 6 ing ing NNP 5245 4 7 mistakes mistake NNS 5245 4 8 were be VBD 5245 4 9 replacement replacement NN 5245 4 10 errors error NNS 5245 4 11 ; ; , 5245 4 12 following follow VBG 5245 4 13 , , , 5245 4 14 in in IN 5245 4 15 order order NN 5245 4 16 of of IN 5245 4 17 decreasing decrease VBG 5245 4 18 frequency frequency NN 5245 4 19 , , , 5245 4 20 were be VBD 5245 4 21 omission omission NN 5245 4 22 , , , 5245 4 23 addition addition NN 5245 4 24 , , , 5245 4 25 and and CC 5245 4 26 transposition transposition NN 5245 4 27 errors error NNS 5245 4 28 . . . 5245 5 1 Computer computer NN 5245 5 2 - - HYPH 5245 5 3 based base VBN 5245 5 4 catalog catalog NN 5245 5 5 searching searching NN 5245 5 6 may may MD 5245 5 7 fail fail VB 5245 5 8 if if IN 5245 5 9 a a DT 5245 5 10 searcher searcher NN 5245 5 11 provides provide VBZ 5245 5 12 an an DT 5245 5 13 author author NN 5245 5 14 or or CC 5245 5 15 title title NN 5245 5 16 which which WDT 5245 5 17 does do VBZ 5245 5 18 not not RB 5245 5 19 match match VB 5245 5 20 with with IN 5245 5 21 the the DT 5245 5 22 required require VBN 5245 5 23 exactitude exactitude NN 5245 5 24 the the DT 5245 5 25 corresponding correspond VBG 5245 5 26 computer computer NN 5245 5 27 - - HYPH 5245 5 28 stored store VBN 5245 5 29 catalog catalog NN 5245 5 30 entry entry NN 5245 5 31 ( ( -LRB- 5245 5 32 1 1 CD 5245 5 33 ) ) -RRB- 5245 5 34 . . . 5245 6 1 In in IN 5245 6 2 designing design VBG 5245 6 3 computer computer NN 5245 6 4 aids aid NNS 5245 6 5 to to TO 5245 6 6 catalog catalog NN 5245 6 7 searching search VBG 5245 6 8 , , , 5245 6 9 it -PRON- PRP 5245 6 10 is be VBZ 5245 6 11 important important JJ 5245 6 12 to to TO 5245 6 13 build build VB 5245 6 14 in in IN 5245 6 15 safety safety NN 5245 6 16 features feature NNS 5245 6 17 that that WDT 5245 6 18 decrease decrease VBP 5245 6 19 sensitivity sensitivity NN 5245 6 20 to to IN 5245 6 21 minor minor JJ 5245 6 22 errors error NNS 5245 6 23 . . . 5245 7 1 For for IN 5245 7 2 example example NN 5245 7 3 , , , 5245 7 4 compression compression NN 5245 7 5 coding code VBG 5245 7 6 techniques technique NNS 5245 7 7 may may MD 5245 7 8 be be VB 5245 7 9 used use VBN 5245 7 10 to to TO 5245 7 11 minimize minimize VB 5245 7 12 the the DT 5245 7 13 effects effect NNS 5245 7 14 of of IN 5245 7 15 spelling spelling NN 5245 7 16 errors error NNS 5245 7 17 on on IN 5245 7 18 retrieval retrieval NN 5245 7 19 ( ( -LRB- 5245 7 20 2 2 CD 5245 7 21 , , , 5245 7 22 3 3 CD 5245 7 23 , , , 5245 7 24 4 4 CD 5245 7 25 ) ) -RRB- 5245 7 26 . . . 5245 8 1 Preliminary preliminary JJ 5245 8 2 to to IN 5245 8 3 the the DT 5245 8 4 design design NN 5245 8 5 of of IN 5245 8 6 good good JJ 5245 8 7 protection protection NN 5245 8 8 devices device NNS 5245 8 9 , , , 5245 8 10 the the DT 5245 8 11 application application NN 5245 8 12 of of IN 5245 8 13 error error NN 5245 8 14 - - HYPH 5245 8 15 correction correction NN 5245 8 16 coding coding NN 5245 8 17 theory theory NN 5245 8 18 ( ( -LRB- 5245 8 19 5 5 CD 5245 8 20 , , , 5245 8 21 6 6 CD 5245 8 22 , , , 5245 8 23 7 7 CD 5245 8 24 ) ) -RRB- 5245 8 25 and and CC 5245 8 26 data datum NNS 5245 8 27 on on IN 5245 8 28 error error NN 5245 8 29 patterns pattern NNS 5245 8 30 in in IN 5245 8 31 actual actual JJ 5245 8 32 catalog catalog NN 5245 8 33 searches search NNS 5245 8 34 ( ( -LRB- 5245 8 35 8 8 CD 5245 8 36 , , , 5245 8 37 9 9 CD 5245 8 38 ) ) -RRB- 5245 8 39 may may MD 5245 8 40 be be VB 5245 8 41 helpful helpful JJ 5245 8 42 . . . 5245 9 1 A a DT 5245 9 2 recent recent JJ 5245 9 3 survey survey NN 5245 9 4 of of IN 5245 9 5 catalog catalog NN 5245 9 6 use use NN 5245 9 7 at at IN 5245 9 8 three three CD 5245 9 9 university university NN 5245 9 10 libraries library NNS 5245 9 11 yielded yield VBD 5245 9 12 some some DT 5245 9 13 data datum NNS 5245 9 14 of of IN 5245 9 15 the the DT 5245 9 16 above above RB 5245 9 17 - - HYPH 5245 9 18 mentioned mention VBN 5245 9 19 kind kind NN 5245 9 20 ( ( -LRB- 5245 9 21 10 10 CD 5245 9 22 ) ) -RRB- 5245 9 23 . . . 5245 10 1 The the DT 5245 10 2 aim aim NN 5245 10 3 of of IN 5245 10 4 this this DT 5245 10 5 paper paper NN 5245 10 6 is be VBZ 5245 10 7 to to TO 5245 10 8 pre- pre- RB 5245 10 9 sent send VBN 5245 10 10 and and CC 5245 10 11 analyze analyze VB 5245 10 12 those those DT 5245 10 13 results result NNS 5245 10 14 of of IN 5245 10 15 the the DT 5245 10 16 survey survey NN 5245 10 17 which which WDT 5245 10 18 bear bear VBP 5245 10 19 on on IN 5245 10 20 questions question NNS 5245 10 21 of of IN 5245 10 22 error error NN 5245 10 23 control control NN 5245 10 24 in in IN 5245 10 25 searching search VBG 5245 10 26 a a DT 5245 10 27 computer computer NN 5245 10 28 - - HYPH 5245 10 29 stored store VBN 5245 10 30 catalog catalog NN 5245 10 31 . . . 5245 11 1 In in IN 5245 11 2 the the DT 5245 11 3 survey survey NN 5245 11 4 , , , 5245 11 5 users user NNS 5245 11 6 were be VBD 5245 11 7 interviewed interview VBN 5245 11 8 at at IN 5245 11 9 random random JJ 5245 11 10 as as IN 5245 11 11 they -PRON- PRP 5245 11 12 approached approach VBD 5245 11 13 the the DT 5245 11 14 catalog catalog NN 5245 11 15 . . . 5245 12 1 Of of IN 5245 12 2 the the DT 5245 12 3 2167 2167 CD 5245 12 4 users user NNS 5245 12 5 interviewed interview VBN 5245 12 6 , , , 5245 12 7 1489 1489 CD 5245 12 8 were be VBD 5245 12 9 searching search VBG 5245 12 10 the the DT 5245 12 11 catalog catalog NN 5245 12 12 for for IN 5245 12 13 a a DT 5245 12 14 particular particular JJ 5245 12 15 item item NN 5245 12 16 ( ( -LRB- 5245 12 17 " " `` 5245 12 18 known know VBN 5245 12 19 - - HYPH 5245 12 20 item item NN 5245 12 21 searches search NNS 5245 12 22 " " '' 5245 12 23 ) ) -RRB- 5245 12 24 . . . 5245 13 1 Of of IN 5245 13 2 these these DT 5245 13 3 , , , 5245 13 4 67.9 67.9 CD 5245 13 5 % % NN 5245 13 6 first first RB 5245 13 7 entered enter VBD 5245 13 8 the the DT 5245 13 9 catalog catalog NN 5245 13 10 with with IN 5245 13 11 an an DT 5245 13 12 author author NN 5245 13 13 's 's POS 5245 13 14 or or CC 5245 13 15 editor editor NN 5245 13 16 's 's POS 5245 13 17 name name NN 5245 13 18 , , , 5245 13 19 26.2 26.2 CD 5245 13 20 % % NN 5245 13 21 with with IN 5245 13 22 a a DT 5245 13 23 title title NN 5245 13 24 , , , 5245 13 25 and and CC 5245 13 26 5.9 5.9 CD 5245 13 27 % % NN 5245 13 28 with with IN 5245 13 29 a a DT 5245 13 30 subject subject JJ 5245 13 31 heading heading NN 5245 13 32 . . . 5245 14 1 Approximately approximately RB 5245 14 2 half half PDT 5245 14 3 the the DT 5245 14 4 searchers searcher NNS 5245 14 5 had have VBD 5245 14 6 a a DT 5245 14 7 written write VBN 5245 14 8 citation citation NN 5245 14 9 , , , 5245 14 10 while while IN 5245 14 11 half half RB 5245 14 12 relied rely VBN 5245 14 13 on on IN 5245 14 14 memory memory NN 5245 14 15 for for IN 5245 14 16 the the DT 5245 14 17 relevant relevant JJ 5245 14 18 in- in- JJ 5245 14 19 94 94 CD 5245 14 20 Journal Journal NNP 5245 14 21 of of IN 5245 14 22 Library Library NNP 5245 14 23 Automation Automation NNP 5245 14 24 Vol Vol NNP 5245 14 25 . . . 5245 15 1 3/2 3/2 CD 5245 15 2 June June NNP 5245 15 3 , , , 5245 15 4 1970 1970 CD 5245 15 5 formation formation NN 5245 15 6 . . . 5245 16 1 Paradoxically paradoxically RB 5245 16 2 , , , 5245 16 3 though though RB 5245 16 4 most most RBS 5245 16 5 known know VBN 5245 16 6 - - HYPH 5245 16 7 item item NN 5245 16 8 searchers searcher NNS 5245 16 9 tried try VBD 5245 16 10 to to TO 5245 16 11 match match VB 5245 16 12 primarily primarily RB 5245 16 13 an an DT 5245 16 14 author author NN 5245 16 15 and and CC 5245 16 16 only only RB 5245 16 17 secondarily secondarily RB 5245 16 18 a a DT 5245 16 19 title title NN 5245 16 20 , , , 5245 16 21 there there EX 5245 16 22 were be VBD 5245 16 23 in in IN 5245 16 24 the the DT 5245 16 25 sample sample NN 5245 16 26 of of IN 5245 16 27 searches search NNS 5245 16 28 many many JJ 5245 16 29 more more JJR 5245 16 30 cases case NNS 5245 16 31 of of IN 5245 16 32 exact exact JJ 5245 16 33 title title NN 5245 16 34 citation citation NN 5245 16 35 than than IN 5245 16 36 of of IN 5245 16 37 exact exact JJ 5245 16 38 author author NN 5245 16 39 citation citation NN 5245 16 40 . . . 5245 17 1 IMPERFECT IMPERFECT NNP 5245 17 2 RECALL RECALL NNP 5245 17 3 OF of IN 5245 17 4 AUTHOR AUTHOR NNP 5245 17 5 NAME NAME NNP 5245 17 6 Of of IN 5245 17 7 the the DT 5245 17 8 1489 1489 CD 5245 17 9 " " `` 5245 17 10 known know VBN 5245 17 11 - - HYPH 5245 17 12 item item NN 5245 17 13 " " '' 5245 17 14 searches search NNS 5245 17 15 , , , 5245 17 16 1356 1356 CD 5245 17 17 could could MD 5245 17 18 be be VB 5245 17 19 verified verify VBN 5245 17 20 against against IN 5245 17 21 the the DT 5245 17 22 actual actual JJ 5245 17 23 item item NN 5245 17 24 . . . 5245 18 1 From from IN 5245 18 2 the the DT 5245 18 3 total total JJ 5245 18 4 nwnber nwnber NN 5245 18 5 of of IN 5245 18 6 searches search NNS 5245 18 7 ( ( -LRB- 5245 18 8 1260 1260 CD 5245 18 9 ) ) -RRB- 5245 18 10 in in IN 5245 18 11 which which WDT 5245 18 12 the the DT 5245 18 13 catalog catalog NN 5245 18 14 user user NN 5245 18 15 had have VBD 5245 18 16 provided provide VBN 5245 18 17 an an DT 5245 18 18 author author NN 5245 18 19 's 's POS 5245 18 20 ( ( -LRB- 5245 18 21 or or CC 5245 18 22 editor editor NN 5245 18 23 's 's POS 5245 18 24 ) ) -RRB- 5245 18 25 name name NN 5245 18 26 , , , 5245 18 27 those those DT 5245 18 28 works work NNS 5245 18 29 were be VBD 5245 18 30 subtracted subtract VBN 5245 18 31 which which WDT 5245 18 32 did do VBD 5245 18 33 not not RB 5245 18 34 have have VB 5245 18 35 a a DT 5245 18 36 personal personal JJ 5245 18 37 authorship authorship NN 5245 18 38 ( ( -LRB- 5245 18 39 208 208 CD 5245 18 40 ) ) -RRB- 5245 18 41 or or CC 5245 18 42 had have VBD 5245 18 43 multiple multiple JJ 5245 18 44 authors author NNS 5245 18 45 or or CC 5245 18 46 multiple multiple JJ 5245 18 47 editors editor NNS 5245 18 48 ( ( -LRB- 5245 18 49 127 127 CD 5245 18 50 ) ) -RRB- 5245 18 51 . . . 5245 19 1 This this DT 5245 19 2 left leave VBD 5245 19 3 925 925 CD 5245 19 4 searches search NNS 5245 19 5 , , , 5245 19 6 of of IN 5245 19 7 which which WDT 5245 19 8 470 470 CD 5245 19 9 had have VBD 5245 19 10 complete complete JJ 5245 19 11 and and CC 5245 19 12 correct correct VB 5245 19 13 author author NN 5245 19 14 entries entry NNS 5245 19 15 , , , 5245 19 16 while while IN 5245 19 17 455 455 CD 5245 19 18 contained contain VBD 5245 19 19 various various JJ 5245 19 20 degrees degree NNS 5245 19 21 of of IN 5245 19 22 imperfection imperfection NN 5245 19 23 in in IN 5245 19 24 the the DT 5245 19 25 author author NN 5245 19 26 citation citation NN 5245 19 27 . . . 5245 20 1 Table table NN 5245 20 2 1 1 CD 5245 20 3 gives give VBZ 5245 20 4 the the DT 5245 20 5 distribu- distribu- JJ 5245 20 6 tion tion NN 5245 20 7 of of IN 5245 20 8 incorrect incorrect JJ 5245 20 9 and/or and/or CC 5245 20 10 incomplete incomplete JJ 5245 20 11 author author NN 5245 20 12 citations citation NNS 5245 20 13 . . . 5245 21 1 In in IN 5245 21 2 the the DT 5245 21 3 study study NN 5245 21 4 an an DT 5245 21 5 au- au- NNP 5245 21 6 thor thor NN 5245 21 7 's 's POS 5245 21 8 name name NN 5245 21 9 was be VBD 5245 21 10 defined define VBN 5245 21 11 as as IN 5245 21 12 incomplete incomplete JJ 5245 21 13 when when WRB 5245 21 14 the the DT 5245 21 15 first first JJ 5245 21 16 name name NN 5245 21 17 , , , 5245 21 18 or or CC 5245 21 19 the the DT 5245 21 20 two two CD 5245 21 21 initials initial NNS 5245 21 22 , , , 5245 21 23 or or CC 5245 21 24 one one CD 5245 21 25 out out IN 5245 21 26 of of IN 5245 21 27 two two CD 5245 21 28 initials initial NNS 5245 21 29 was be VBD 5245 21 30 missing miss VBG 5245 21 31 . . . 5245 22 1 Table table NN 5245 22 2 1 1 CD 5245 22 3 . . . 5245 23 1 Incorrect Incorrect NNP 5245 23 2 and/or and/or CC 5245 23 3 Incomplete Incomplete NNP 5245 23 4 Author author NN 5245 23 5 Names Names NNP 5245 23 6 Categories Categories NNPS 5245 23 7 University University NNP 5245 23 8 of of IN 5245 23 9 Michigan Michigan NNP 5245 23 10 Libraries Libraries NNP 5245 23 11 I -PRON- PRP 5245 23 12 II II NNP 5245 23 13 III iii CD 5245 23 14 Total Total NNP 5245 23 15 General General NNP 5245 23 16 Library Library NNP 5245 23 17 144 144 CD 5245 23 18 25 25 CD 5245 23 19 6 6 CD 5245 23 20 175 175 CD 5245 23 21 Undergraduate Undergraduate NNP 5245 23 22 Library Library NNP 5245 23 23 94 94 CD 5245 23 24 35 35 CD 5245 23 25 4 4 CD 5245 23 26 133 133 CD 5245 23 27 Medical Medical NNP 5245 23 28 Library Library NNP 5245 23 29 110 110 CD 5245 23 30 27 27 CD 5245 23 31 10 10 CD 5245 23 32 147 147 CD 5245 23 33 -- -- : 5245 23 34 - - : 5245 23 35 Total total NN 5245 23 36 348 348 CD 5245 23 37 87 87 CD 5245 23 38 20 20 CD 5245 23 39 455 455 CD 5245 23 40 In in IN 5245 23 41 Category Category NNP 5245 23 42 I -PRON- PRP 5245 23 43 ( ( -LRB- 5245 23 44 the the DT 5245 23 45 most most RBS 5245 23 46 numerous numerous JJ 5245 23 47 ) ) -RRB- 5245 23 48 the the DT 5245 23 49 author author NN 5245 23 50 's 's POS 5245 23 51 last last JJ 5245 23 52 name name NN 5245 23 53 was be VBD 5245 23 54 correct correct JJ 5245 23 55 , , , 5245 23 56 but but CC 5245 23 57 the the DT 5245 23 58 author author NN 5245 23 59 citation citation NN 5245 23 60 as as IN 5245 23 61 a a DT 5245 23 62 whole whole NN 5245 23 63 was be VBD 5245 23 64 either either CC 5245 23 65 incomplete incomplete JJ 5245 23 66 or or CC 5245 23 67 incorrect incorrect JJ 5245 23 68 ; ; : 5245 23 69 i.e. i.e. FW 5245 23 70 , , , 5245 23 71 there there EX 5245 23 72 were be VBD 5245 23 73 mistakes mistake NNS 5245 23 74 and/or and/or CC 5245 23 75 omissions omission NNS 5245 23 76 in in IN 5245 23 77 the the DT 5245 23 78 first first JJ 5245 23 79 and and CC 5245 23 80 middle middle JJ 5245 23 81 name name NN 5245 23 82 or or CC 5245 23 83 initials initial NNS 5245 23 84 . . . 5245 24 1 Most Most JJS 5245 24 2 of of IN 5245 24 3 the the DT 5245 24 4 searches search NNS 5245 24 5 in in IN 5245 24 6 Category Category NNP 5245 24 7 I -PRON- PRP 5245 24 8 were be VBD 5245 24 9 incomplete incomplete JJ 5245 24 10 rather rather RB 5245 24 11 than than IN 5245 24 12 incorrect incorrect VB 5245 24 13 . . . 5245 25 1 Since since IN 5245 25 2 in in IN 5245 25 3 Category Category NNP 5245 25 4 I -PRON- PRP 5245 25 5 there there EX 5245 25 6 is be VBZ 5245 25 7 nothing nothing NN 5245 25 8 wrong wrong JJ 5245 25 9 with with IN 5245 25 10 the the DT 5245 25 11 au- au- NNP 5245 25 12 thor thor NNP 5245 25 13 's 's POS 5245 25 14 last last JJ 5245 25 15 name name NN 5245 25 16 , , , 5245 25 17 the the DT 5245 25 18 searcher searcher NN 5245 25 19 's 's POS 5245 25 20 ability ability NN 5245 25 21 to to TO 5245 25 22 gain gain VB 5245 25 23 access access NN 5245 25 24 to to IN 5245 25 25 the the DT 5245 25 26 right right JJ 5245 25 27 location location NN 5245 25 28 in in IN 5245 25 29 the the DT 5245 25 30 catalog catalog NN 5245 25 31 is be VBZ 5245 25 32 presumably presumably RB 5245 25 33 not not RB 5245 25 34 impaired impair VBN 5245 25 35 as as RB 5245 25 36 long long RB 5245 25 37 as as IN 5245 25 38 the the DT 5245 25 39 last last JJ 5245 25 40 name name NN 5245 25 41 is be VBZ 5245 25 42 not not RB 5245 25 43 too too RB 5245 25 44 common common JJ 5245 25 45 . . . 5245 26 1 Once once IN 5245 26 2 the the DT 5245 26 3 searcher searcher NN 5245 26 4 has have VBZ 5245 26 5 entered enter VBN 5245 26 6 the the DT 5245 26 7 catalog catalog NN 5245 26 8 , , , 5245 26 9 he -PRON- PRP 5245 26 10 will will MD 5245 26 11 make make VB 5245 26 12 use use NN 5245 26 13 of of IN 5245 26 14 other other JJ 5245 26 15 clues clue NNS 5245 26 16 , , , 5245 26 17 such such JJ 5245 26 18 as as IN 5245 26 19 title title NN 5245 26 20 or or CC 5245 26 21 knowledge knowledge NN 5245 26 22 of of IN 5245 26 23 the the DT 5245 26 24 topic topic NN 5245 26 25 , , , 5245 26 26 to to TO 5245 26 27 identify identify VB 5245 26 28 the the DT 5245 26 29 right right JJ 5245 26 30 item item NN 5245 26 31 . . . 5245 27 1 But but CC 5245 27 2 if if IN 5245 27 3 the the DT 5245 27 4 name name NN 5245 27 5 is be VBZ 5245 27 6 Smith Smith NNP 5245 27 7 or or CC 5245 27 8 Brown Brown NNP 5245 27 9 or or CC 5245 27 10 Johnson Johnson NNP 5245 27 11 , , , 5245 27 12 and and CC 5245 27 13 the the DT 5245 27 14 catalog catalog NN 5245 27 15 is be VBZ 5245 27 16 a a DT 5245 27 17 large large JJ 5245 27 18 one one NN 5245 27 19 , , , 5245 27 20 to to TO 5245 27 21 have have VB 5245 27 22 an an DT 5245 27 23 incomplete incomplete JJ 5245 27 24 author author NN 5245 27 25 's 's POS 5245 27 26 name name NN 5245 27 27 may may MD 5245 27 28 be be VB 5245 27 29 equivalent equivalent JJ 5245 27 30 to to IN 5245 27 31 having have VBG 5245 27 32 no no DT 5245 27 33 name name NN 5245 27 34 at at RB 5245 27 35 all all RB 5245 27 36 . . . 5245 28 1 ( ( -LRB- 5245 28 2 In in IN 5245 28 3 the the DT 5245 28 4 University University NNP 5245 28 5 of of IN 5245 28 6 Michigan Michigan NNP 5245 28 7 General General NNP 5245 28 8 Library Library NNP 5245 28 9 catalog catalog NN 5245 28 10 , , , 5245 28 11 which which WDT 5245 28 12 contains contain VBZ 5245 28 13 over over IN 5245 28 14 four four CD 5245 28 15 million million CD 5245 28 16 cards card NNS 5245 28 17 , , , 5245 28 18 the the DT 5245 28 19 entry entry NN 5245 28 20 " " `` 5245 28 21 Smith Smith NNP 5245 28 22 " " '' 5245 28 23 extends extend VBZ 5245 28 24 over over IN 5245 28 25 eight eight CD 5245 28 26 drawers drawer NNS 5245 28 27 , , , 5245 28 28 and and CC 5245 28 29 the the DT 5245 28 30 entries entry NNS 5245 28 31 " " `` 5245 28 32 Brown Brown NNP 5245 28 33 " " '' 5245 28 34 and and CC 5245 28 35 " " `` 5245 28 36 John- John- NNP 5245 28 37 son son NN 5245 28 38 " " '' 5245 28 39 over over IN 5245 28 40 four four CD 5245 28 41 drawers drawer NNS 5245 28 42 each each DT 5245 28 43 . . . 5245 28 44 ) ) -RRB- 5245 29 1 In in IN 5245 29 2 an an DT 5245 29 3 automated automated JJ 5245 29 4 catalog catalog NN 5245 29 5 it -PRON- PRP 5245 29 6 is be VBZ 5245 29 7 easy easy JJ 5245 29 8 to to TO 5245 29 9 limit limit VB 5245 29 10 the the DT 5245 29 11 set set NN 5245 29 12 of of IN 5245 29 13 entries entry NNS 5245 29 14 from from IN 5245 29 15 which which WDT 5245 29 16 the the DT 5245 29 17 right right JJ 5245 29 18 item item NN 5245 29 19 has have VBZ 5245 29 20 to to TO 5245 29 21 be be VB 5245 29 22 selected select VBN 5245 29 23 by by IN 5245 29 24 inter- inter- NNP 5245 29 25 secting secte VBG 5245 29 26 the the DT 5245 29 27 last last JJ 5245 29 28 name name NN 5245 29 29 of of IN 5245 29 30 the the DT 5245 29 31 author author NN 5245 29 32 with with IN 5245 29 33 some some DT 5245 29 34 other other JJ 5245 29 35 clues clue NNS 5245 29 36 . . . 5245 30 1 Incomplete- incomplete- JJ 5245 30 2 ness ness NN 5245 30 3 of of IN 5245 30 4 the the DT 5245 30 5 author author NN 5245 30 6 name name NN 5245 30 7 may may MD 5245 30 8 then then RB 5245 30 9 not not RB 5245 30 10 be be VB 5245 30 11 a a DT 5245 30 12 serious serious JJ 5245 30 13 handicap handicap NN 5245 30 14 . . . 5245 31 1 Orthographic Orthographic NNP 5245 31 2 Error Error NNP 5245 31 3 PatternsfTAGLIACOZZO patternsftagliacozzo CD 5245 31 4 95 95 CD 5245 31 5 Category Category NNP 5245 31 6 III III NNP 5245 31 7 includes include VBZ 5245 31 8 all all DT 5245 31 9 searches search NNS 5245 31 10 in in IN 5245 31 11 which which WDT 5245 31 12 the the DT 5245 31 13 searcher searcher NN 5245 31 14 had have VBD 5245 31 15 an an DT 5245 31 16 author author NN 5245 31 17 that that WDT 5245 31 18 turned turn VBD 5245 31 19 out out RP 5245 31 20 to to TO 5245 31 21 be be VB 5245 31 22 wrong wrong JJ 5245 31 23 . . . 5245 32 1 The the DT 5245 32 2 error error NN 5245 32 3 in in IN 5245 32 4 this this DT 5245 32 5 case case NN 5245 32 6 was be VBD 5245 32 7 not not RB 5245 32 8 in in IN 5245 32 9 incom- incom- JJ 5245 32 10 pleteness pleteness NN 5245 32 11 or or CC 5245 32 12 misspelling misspelling NN 5245 32 13 of of IN 5245 32 14 the the DT 5245 32 15 author author NN 5245 32 16 's 's POS 5245 32 17 name name NN 5245 32 18 , , , 5245 32 19 but but CC 5245 32 20 in in IN 5245 32 21 the the DT 5245 32 22 identity identity NN 5245 32 23 of of IN 5245 32 24 the the DT 5245 32 25 author author NN 5245 32 26 . . . 5245 33 1 No no DT 5245 33 2 further further JJ 5245 33 3 analysis analysis NN 5245 33 4 of of IN 5245 33 5 this this DT 5245 33 6 group group NN 5245 33 7 was be VBD 5245 33 8 conducted conduct VBN 5245 33 9 . . . 5245 34 1 Category Category NNP 5245 34 2 II II NNP 5245 34 3 is be VBZ 5245 34 4 the the DT 5245 34 5 one one CD 5245 34 6 which which WDT 5245 34 7 forms form VBZ 5245 34 8 the the DT 5245 34 9 object object NN 5245 34 10 o£ o£ NNP 5245 34 11 the the DT 5245 34 12 present present JJ 5245 34 13 report report NN 5245 34 14 . . . 5245 35 1 The the DT 5245 35 2 analysis analysis NN 5245 35 3 concerns concern NNS 5245 35 4 mainly mainly RB 5245 35 5 position position NN 5245 35 6 and and CC 5245 35 7 type type NN 5245 35 8 of of IN 5245 35 9 errors error NNS 5245 35 10 , , , 5245 35 11 and and CC 5245 35 12 the the DT 5245 35 13 inci- inci- JJ 5245 35 14 dence dence NN 5245 35 15 of of IN 5245 35 16 errors error NNS 5245 35 17 as as IN 5245 35 18 related relate VBN 5245 35 19 to to IN 5245 35 20 name name NN 5245 35 21 length length NN 5245 35 22 . . . 5245 36 1 POSITION POSITION NNP 5245 36 2 OF of IN 5245 36 3 ERRORS ERRORS NNP 5245 36 4 IN in IN 5245 36 5 AUTHOR author NN 5245 36 6 NAMES names VB 5245 36 7 The the DT 5245 36 8 location location NN 5245 36 9 of of IN 5245 36 10 errors error NNS 5245 36 11 in in IN 5245 36 12 the the DT 5245 36 13 author author NN 5245 36 14 citation citation NN 5245 36 15 is be VBZ 5245 36 16 important important JJ 5245 36 17 for for IN 5245 36 18 manual manual JJ 5245 36 19 systems system NNS 5245 36 20 , , , 5245 36 21 such such JJ 5245 36 22 as as IN 5245 36 23 traditional traditional JJ 5245 36 24 library library NN 5245 36 25 card card NN 5245 36 26 catalogs catalog NNS 5245 36 27 , , , 5245 36 28 as as RB 5245 36 29 well well RB 5245 36 30 as as IN 5245 36 31 for for IN 5245 36 32 auto- auto- NNP 5245 36 33 mated mated NNP 5245 36 34 systems system NNS 5245 36 35 . . . 5245 37 1 Table table NN 5245 37 2 2 2 CD 5245 37 3 shows show VBZ 5245 37 4 the the DT 5245 37 5 distribution distribution NN 5245 37 6 of of IN 5245 37 7 E e NN 5245 37 8 in in IN 5245 37 9 the the DT 5245 37 10 sample sample NN 5245 37 11 of of IN 5245 37 12 incorrect incorrect JJ 5245 37 13 author author NN 5245 37 14 citations citation NNS 5245 37 15 from from IN 5245 37 16 all all DT 5245 37 17 three three CD 5245 37 18 libraries library NNS 5245 37 19 , , , 5245 37 20 where where WRB 5245 37 21 E e NN 5245 37 22 is be VBZ 5245 37 23 the the DT 5245 37 24 position position NN 5245 37 25 of of IN 5245 37 26 the the DT 5245 37 27 letter letter NN 5245 37 28 , , , 5245 37 29 counting count VBG 5245 37 30 from from IN 5245 37 31 left leave VBN 5245 37 32 to to IN 5245 37 33 right right NN 5245 37 34 , , , 5245 37 35 in in IN 5245 37 36 which which WDT 5245 37 37 an an DT 5245 37 38 error error NN 5245 37 39 appeared appear VBD 5245 37 40 . . . 5245 38 1 In in IN 5245 38 2 the the DT 5245 38 3 fourteen fourteen CD 5245 38 4 cases case NNS 5245 38 5 in in IN 5245 38 6 which which WDT 5245 38 7 more more JJR 5245 38 8 than than IN 5245 38 9 one one CD 5245 38 10 error error NN 5245 38 11 occurred occur VBD 5245 38 12 in in IN 5245 38 13 the the DT 5245 38 14 same same JJ 5245 38 15 name name NN 5245 38 16 , , , 5245 38 17 only only RB 5245 38 18 the the DT 5245 38 19 first first JJ 5245 38 20 error error NN 5245 38 21 was be VBD 5245 38 22 considered consider VBN 5245 38 23 . . . 5245 39 1 In in IN 5245 39 2 a a DT 5245 39 3 few few JJ 5245 39 4 cases case NNS 5245 39 5 the the DT 5245 39 6 error error NN 5245 39 7 involved involve VBD 5245 39 8 a a DT 5245 39 9 string string NN 5245 39 10 of of IN 5245 39 11 letters letter NNS 5245 39 12 ( ( -LRB- 5245 39 13 e.g. e.g. RB 5245 39 14 , , , 5245 39 15 Friedman Friedman NNP 5245 39 16 for for IN 5245 39 17 Friedberg Friedberg NNP 5245 39 18 ) ) -RRB- 5245 39 19 . . . 5245 40 1 In in IN 5245 40 2 such such JJ 5245 40 3 cases case NNS 5245 40 4 the the DT 5245 40 5 position position NN 5245 40 6 of of IN 5245 40 7 the the DT 5245 40 8 first first JJ 5245 40 9 letter letter NN 5245 40 10 of of IN 5245 40 11 the the DT 5245 40 12 string string NN 5245 40 13 determined determine VBD 5245 40 14 the the DT 5245 40 15 location location NN 5245 40 16 of of IN 5245 40 17 the the DT 5245 40 18 error error NN 5245 40 19 . . . 5245 41 1 Table table NN 5245 41 2 2 2 CD 5245 41 3 . . . 5245 42 1 Position position NN 5245 42 2 of of IN 5245 42 3 Error Error NNP 5245 42 4 in in IN 5245 42 5 Last last JJ 5245 42 6 Name name NN 5245 42 7 of of IN 5245 42 8 Author Author NNP 5245 42 9 Incorrect Incorrect NNP 5245 42 10 Names Names NNP 5245 42 11 E e NN 5245 42 12 No no NN 5245 42 13 . . . 5245 43 1 % % NN 5245 43 2 Cumulative cumulative JJ 5245 43 3 % % NN 5245 43 4 1 1 CD 5245 43 5 2 2 CD 5245 43 6 2.3 2.3 CD 5245 43 7 2.3 2.3 CD 5245 43 8 2 2 CD 5245 43 9 11 11 CD 5245 43 10 12.6 12.6 CD 5245 43 11 14.9 14.9 CD 5245 43 12 3 3 CD 5245 43 13 11 11 CD 5245 43 14 12.6 12.6 CD 5245 43 15 27.6 27.6 CD 5245 43 16 4 4 CD 5245 43 17 19 19 CD 5245 43 18 21.8 21.8 CD 5245 43 19 49.4 49.4 CD 5245 43 20 5 5 CD 5245 43 21 13 13 CD 5245 43 22 14.9 14.9 CD 5245 43 23 64.4 64.4 CD 5245 43 24 6 6 CD 5245 43 25 12 12 CD 5245 43 26 13.8 13.8 CD 5245 43 27 78.2 78.2 CD 5245 43 28 7 7 CD 5245 43 29 7 7 CD 5245 43 30 8.0 8.0 CD 5245 43 31 86.2 86.2 CD 5245 43 32 8 8 CD 5245 43 33 6 6 CD 5245 43 34 6.9 6.9 CD 5245 43 35 93.1 93.1 CD 5245 43 36 9 9 CD 5245 43 37 3 3 CD 5245 43 38 3.4 3.4 CD 5245 43 39 96.6 96.6 CD 5245 43 40 10 10 CD 5245 43 41 2 2 CD 5245 43 42 2.3 2.3 CD 5245 43 43 98.9 98.9 CD 5245 43 44 11 11 CD 5245 43 45 1 1 CD 5245 43 46 1.1 1.1 CD 5245 43 47 100.0 100.0 CD 5245 43 48 Total total JJ 5245 43 49 87 87 CD 5245 43 50 Table table NN 5245 43 51 2 2 CD 5245 43 52 shows show VBZ 5245 43 53 that that IN 5245 43 54 about about IN 5245 43 55 half half PDT 5245 43 56 the the DT 5245 43 57 incorrect incorrect JJ 5245 43 58 author author NN 5245 43 59 names name NNS 5245 43 60 had have VBD 5245 43 61 errors error NNS 5245 43 62 in in IN 5245 43 63 one one CD 5245 43 64 of of IN 5245 43 65 the the DT 5245 43 66 first first JJ 5245 43 67 four four CD 5245 43 68 letters letter NNS 5245 43 69 , , , 5245 43 70 while while IN 5245 43 71 the the DT 5245 43 72 other other JJ 5245 43 73 half half NN 5245 43 74 had have VBD 5245 43 75 errors error NNS 5245 43 76 in in IN 5245 43 77 one one CD 5245 43 78 of of IN 5245 43 79 the the DT 5245 43 80 following follow VBG 5245 43 81 letters letter NNS 5245 43 82 , , , 5245 43 83 from from IN 5245 43 84 the the DT 5245 43 85 fifth fifth NN 5245 43 86 to to IN 5245 43 87 the the DT 5245 43 88 eleventh eleventh JJ 5245 43 89 position position NN 5245 43 90 . . . 5245 44 1 The the DT 5245 44 2 most most RBS 5245 44 3 frequently frequently RB 5245 44 4 misspelled misspell VBN 5245 44 5 is be VBZ 5245 44 6 the the DT 5245 44 7 fourth fourth JJ 5245 44 8 letter letter NN 5245 44 9 , , , 5245 44 10 which which WDT 5245 44 11 is be VBZ 5245 44 12 responsible responsible JJ 5245 44 13 for for IN 5245 44 14 21.8 21.8 CD 5245 44 15 % % NN 5245 44 16 of of IN 5245 44 17 the the DT 5245 44 18 total total JJ 5245 44 19 number number NN 5245 44 20 of of IN 5245 44 21 errors error NNS 5245 44 22 occurring occur VBG 5245 44 23 in in IN 5245 44 24 the the DT 5245 44 25 sample sample NN 5245 44 26 . . . 5245 45 1 The the DT 5245 45 2 ordinal ordinal JJ 5245 45 3 number number NN 5245 45 4 indicating indicate VBG 5245 45 5 the the DT 5245 45 6 position position NN 5245 45 7 of of IN 5245 45 8 the the DT 5245 45 9 error error NN 5245 45 10 is be VBZ 5245 45 11 not not RB 5245 45 12 , , , 5245 45 13 by by IN 5245 45 14 itself -PRON- PRP 5245 45 15 , , , 5245 45 16 a a DT 5245 45 17 sufficient sufficient JJ 5245 45 18 indicator indicator NN 5245 45 19 of of IN 5245 45 20 the the DT 5245 45 21 area area NN 5245 45 22 where where WRB 5245 45 23 the the DT 5245 45 24 error error NN 5245 45 25 occurred occur VBD 5245 45 26 . . . 5245 46 1 An an DT 5245 46 2 error error NN 5245 46 3 in in IN 5245 46 4 the the DT 5245 46 5 third third JJ 5245 46 6 letter letter NN 5245 46 7 , , , 5245 46 8 for for IN 5245 46 9 instance instance NN 5245 46 10 , , , 5245 46 11 is be VBZ 5245 46 12 close close JJ 5245 46 13 to to IN 5245 46 14 the the DT 5245 46 15 beginning beginning NN 5245 46 16 of of IN 5245 46 17 the the DT 5245 46 18 name name NN 5245 46 19 if if IN 5245 46 20 the the DT 5245 46 21 96 96 CD 5245 46 22 ] ] -RRB- 5245 46 23 ourMl ourMl NNS 5245 46 24 of of IN 5245 46 25 Library Library NNP 5245 46 26 Automation Automation NNP 5245 46 27 Vol Vol NNP 5245 46 28 . . . 5245 47 1 3/ 3/ CD 5245 47 2 2 2 CD 5245 47 3 June June NNP 5245 47 4 , , , 5245 47 5 1970 1970 CD 5245 47 6 name name NN 5245 47 7 is be VBZ 5245 47 8 9 9 CD 5245 47 9 letters letter NNS 5245 47 10 long long RB 5245 47 11 , , , 5245 47 12 but but CC 5245 47 13 close close RB 5245 47 14 to to IN 5245 47 15 the the DT 5245 47 16 end end NN 5245 47 17 if if IN 5245 47 18 the the DT 5245 47 19 name name NN 5245 47 20 is be VBZ 5245 47 21 4 4 CD 5245 47 22 letters letter NNS 5245 47 23 long long JJ 5245 47 24 . . . 5245 48 1 In in IN 5245 48 2 Table table NN 5245 48 3 3 3 NNP 5245 48 4 L L NNP 5245 48 5 indicates indicate VBZ 5245 48 6 the the DT 5245 48 7 length length NN 5245 48 8 ( ( -LRB- 5245 48 9 the the DT 5245 48 10 number number NN 5245 48 11 of of IN 5245 48 12 letters letter NNS 5245 48 13 ) ) -RRB- 5245 48 14 of of IN 5245 48 15 the the DT 5245 48 16 authot authot JJ 5245 48 17 name name NN 5245 48 18 and and CC 5245 48 19 Pa Pa NNP 5245 48 20 the the DT 5245 48 21 location location NN 5245 48 22 of of IN 5245 48 23 the the DT 5245 48 24 error error NN 5245 48 25 - - HYPH 5245 48 26 i.e i.e NNP 5245 48 27 . . NNP 5245 48 28 , , , 5245 48 29 the the DT 5245 48 30 position position NN 5245 48 31 of of IN 5245 48 32 the the DT 5245 48 33 first first JJ 5245 48 34 letter letter NN 5245 48 35 , , , 5245 48 36 counting count VBG 5245 48 37 from from IN 5245 48 38 left leave VBN 5245 48 39 to to IN 5245 48 40 right right NN 5245 48 41 , , , 5245 48 42 where where WRB 5245 48 43 an an DT 5245 48 44 error error NN 5245 48 45 appears appear VBZ 5245 48 46 . . . 5245 49 1 The the DT 5245 49 2 incorrect incorrect JJ 5245 49 3 author author NN 5245 49 4 names name NNS 5245 49 5 of of IN 5245 49 6 the the DT 5245 49 7 sample sample NN 5245 49 8 ( ( -LRB- 5245 49 9 87 87 CD 5245 49 10 ) ) -RRB- 5245 49 11 have have VBP 5245 49 12 a a DT 5245 49 13 length length NN 5245 49 14 of of IN 5245 49 15 between between IN 5245 49 16 3 3 CD 5245 49 17 and and CC 5245 49 18 12 12 CD 5245 49 19 letters letter NNS 5245 49 20 . . . 5245 50 1 The the DT 5245 50 2 column column NN 5245 50 3 on on IN 5245 50 4 the the DT 5245 50 5 right right NN 5245 50 6 of of IN 5245 50 7 the the DT 5245 50 8 table table NN 5245 50 9 , , , 5245 50 10 EL el NN 5245 50 11 , , , 5245 50 12 indicates indicate VBZ 5245 50 13 the the DT 5245 50 14 distribution distribution NN 5245 50 15 of of IN 5245 50 16 names name NNS 5245 50 17 of of IN 5245 50 18 a a DT 5245 50 19 given give VBN 5245 50 20 length length NN 5245 50 21 . . . 5245 51 1 The the DT 5245 51 2 row row NN 5245 51 3 at at IN 5245 51 4 the the DT 5245 51 5 bottom bottom NN 5245 51 6 of of IN 5245 51 7 the the DT 5245 51 8 table table NN 5245 51 9 gives give VBZ 5245 51 10 the the DT 5245 51 11 distribution distribution NN 5245 51 12 of of IN 5245 51 13 errors error NNS 5245 51 14 occurring occur VBG 5245 51 15 in in IN 5245 51 16 a a DT 5245 51 17 given give VBN 5245 51 18 position position NN 5245 51 19 . . . 5245 52 1 Mistakes mistake NNS 5245 52 2 are be VBP 5245 52 3 shown show VBN 5245 52 4 to to TO 5245 52 5 occur occur VB 5245 52 6 anywhere anywhere RB 5245 52 7 from from IN 5245 52 8 the the DT 5245 52 9 first first JJ 5245 52 10 letter letter NN 5245 52 11 to to IN 5245 52 12 the the DT 5245 52 13 eleventh eleventh JJ 5245 52 14 letter letter NN 5245 52 15 . . . 5245 53 1 When when WRB 5245 53 2 the the DT 5245 53 3 error error NN 5245 53 4 consists consist VBZ 5245 53 5 in in IN 5245 53 6 the the DT 5245 53 7 addition addition NN 5245 53 8 of of IN 5245 53 9 a a DT 5245 53 10 letter letter NN 5245 53 11 to to IN 5245 53 12 the the DT 5245 53 13 end end NN 5245 53 14 of of IN 5245 53 15 the the DT 5245 53 16 correct correct JJ 5245 53 17 name name NN 5245 53 18 , , , 5245 53 19 Pa Pa NNP 5245 53 20 is be VBZ 5245 53 21 beyond beyond IN 5245 53 22 the the DT 5245 53 23 name name NN 5245 53 24 itself -PRON- PRP 5245 53 25 . . . 5245 54 1 The the DT 5245 54 2 figures figure NNS 5245 54 3 which which WDT 5245 54 4 appear appear VBP 5245 54 5 next next RB 5245 54 6 to to IN 5245 54 7 the the DT 5245 54 8 dia- dia- NNP 5245 54 9 gonal gonal JJ 5245 54 10 line line NN 5245 54 11 , , , 5245 54 12 on on IN 5245 54 13 the the DT 5245 54 14 right right NN 5245 54 15 , , , 5245 54 16 indicate indicate VBP 5245 54 17 mistakes mistake NNS 5245 54 18 of of IN 5245 54 19 this this DT 5245 54 20 sort sort NN 5245 54 21 . . . 5245 55 1 A a DT 5245 55 2 sununary sununary JJ 5245 55 3 inspection inspection NN 5245 55 4 of of IN 5245 55 5 the the DT 5245 55 6 table table NN 5245 55 7 produces produce VBZ 5245 55 8 the the DT 5245 55 9 impression impression NN 5245 55 10 that that IN 5245 55 11 errors error NNS 5245 55 12 are be VBP 5245 55 13 clustered cluster VBN 5245 55 14 toward toward IN 5245 55 15 the the DT 5245 55 16 end end NN 5245 55 17 of of IN 5245 55 18 the the DT 5245 55 19 names name NNS 5245 55 20 , , , 5245 55 21 or or CC 5245 55 22 at at IN 5245 55 23 least least JJS 5245 55 24 that that IN 5245 55 25 they -PRON- PRP 5245 55 26 are be VBP 5245 55 27 more more RBR 5245 55 28 prevalent prevalent JJ 5245 55 29 in in IN 5245 55 30 the the DT 5245 55 31 second second JJ 5245 55 32 half half NN 5245 55 33 of of IN 5245 55 34 the the DT 5245 55 35 name name NN 5245 55 36 than than IN 5245 55 37 in in IN 5245 55 38 the the DT 5245 55 39 first first JJ 5245 55 40 half half NN 5245 55 41 . . . 5245 56 1 This this DT 5245 56 2 seems seem VBZ 5245 56 3 to to TO 5245 56 4 be be VB 5245 56 5 a a DT 5245 56 6 direct direct JJ 5245 56 7 consequence consequence NN 5245 56 8 of of IN 5245 56 9 the the DT 5245 56 10 fact fact NN 5245 56 11 that that IN 5245 56 12 the the DT 5245 56 13 first first JJ 5245 56 14 column column NN 5245 56 15 of of IN 5245 56 16 the the DT 5245 56 17 table table NN 5245 56 18 ( ( -LRB- 5245 56 19 errors error NNS 5245 56 20 in in IN 5245 56 21 position position NN 5245 56 22 1 1 CD 5245 56 23 ) ) -RRB- 5245 56 24 is be VBZ 5245 56 25 almost almost RB 5245 56 26 empty empty JJ 5245 56 27 . . . 5245 57 1 It -PRON- PRP 5245 57 2 is be VBZ 5245 57 3 tempting tempting JJ 5245 57 4 to to TO 5245 57 5 say say VB 5245 57 6 that that IN 5245 57 7 errors error NNS 5245 57 8 very very RB 5245 57 9 rarely rarely RB 5245 57 10 occur occur VBP 5245 57 11 in in IN 5245 57 12 the the DT 5245 57 13 first first JJ 5245 57 14 letter letter NN 5245 57 15 of of IN 5245 57 16 a a DT 5245 57 17 proper proper JJ 5245 57 18 name name NN 5245 57 19 . . . 5245 58 1 But but CC 5245 58 2 is be VBZ 5245 58 3 this this DT 5245 58 4 really really RB 5245 58 5 so so RB 5245 58 6 ? ? . 5245 59 1 It -PRON- PRP 5245 59 2 is be VBZ 5245 59 3 true true JJ 5245 59 4 that that IN 5245 59 5 English English NNP 5245 59 6 - - HYPH 5245 59 7 speaking speak VBG 5245 59 8 people people NNS 5245 59 9 place place VBP 5245 59 10 particular particular JJ 5245 59 11 emphasis emphasis NN 5245 59 12 on on IN 5245 59 13 initials initial NNS 5245 59 14 , , , 5245 59 15 to to IN 5245 59 16 the the DT 5245 59 17 extent extent NN 5245 59 18 that that IN 5245 59 19 initials initial NNS 5245 59 20 are be VBP 5245 59 21 often often RB 5245 59 22 sufficient sufficient JJ 5245 59 23 for for IN 5245 59 24 identifying identify VBG 5245 59 25 well well RB 5245 59 26 - - HYPH 5245 59 27 known know VBN 5245 59 28 figures figure NNS 5245 59 29 . . . 5245 60 1 The the DT 5245 60 2 special special JJ 5245 60 3 attention attention NN 5245 60 4 given give VBN 5245 60 5 to to IN 5245 60 6 the the DT 5245 60 7 first first JJ 5245 60 8 Table table NN 5245 60 9 3 3 CD 5245 60 10 . . . 5245 61 1 Position position NN 5245 61 2 of of IN 5245 61 3 Error Error NNP 5245 61 4 vs. vs. IN 5245 62 1 Length length NN 5245 62 2 of of IN 5245 62 3 Name Name NNP 5245 62 4 Length Length NNP 5245 62 5 ( ( -LRB- 5245 62 6 L L NNP 5245 62 7 ) ) -RRB- 5245 62 8 Errors error NNS 5245 62 9 ( ( -LRB- 5245 62 10 PE PE NNP 5245 62 11 ) ) -RRB- 5245 62 12 Frequency Frequency NNP 5245 62 13 ( ( -LRB- 5245 62 14 EL EL NNP 5245 62 15 ) ) -RRB- 5245 62 16 1 1 CD 5245 62 17 2 2 CD 5245 62 18 3 3 CD 5245 62 19 4 4 CD 5245 62 20 5 5 CD 5245 62 21 6 6 CD 5245 62 22 7 7 CD 5245 62 23 8 8 CD 5245 62 24 9 9 CD 5245 62 25 10 10 CD 5245 62 26 11 11 CD 5245 62 27 3 3 CD 5245 62 28 1 1 CD 5245 62 29 1 1 CD 5245 62 30 4 4 CD 5245 62 31 1 1 CD 5245 62 32 3 3 CD 5245 62 33 5 5 CD 5245 62 34 5 5 CD 5245 62 35 1 1 CD 5245 62 36 2 2 CD 5245 62 37 1 1 CD 5245 62 38 7 7 CD 5245 62 39 6 6 CD 5245 62 40 1 1 CD 5245 62 41 3 3 CD 5245 62 42 6 6 CD 5245 62 43 21 21 CD 5245 62 44 7 7 CD 5245 62 45 4 4 CD 5245 62 46 2 2 CD 5245 62 47 6 6 CD 5245 62 48 19 19 CD 5245 62 49 8 8 CD 5245 62 50 2 2 CD 5245 62 51 3 3 CD 5245 62 52 2 2 CD 5245 62 53 16 16 CD 5245 62 54 9 9 CD 5245 62 55 2 2 CD 5245 62 56 1 1 CD 5245 62 57 1 1 CD 5245 62 58 1 1 CD 5245 62 59 1 1 CD 5245 62 60 1 1 CD 5245 62 61 1 1 CD 5245 62 62 8 8 CD 5245 62 63 10 10 CD 5245 62 64 1 1 CD 5245 62 65 1 1 CD 5245 62 66 2 2 CD 5245 62 67 1 1 CD 5245 62 68 2 2 CD 5245 62 69 7 7 CD 5245 62 70 11 11 CD 5245 62 71 1 1 CD 5245 62 72 1 1 CD 5245 62 73 2 2 CD 5245 62 74 12 12 CD 5245 62 75 1 1 CD 5245 62 76 1 1 CD 5245 62 77 Total total JJ 5245 62 78 2 2 CD 5245 62 79 11 11 CD 5245 62 80 11 11 CD 5245 62 81 19 19 CD 5245 62 82 13 13 CD 5245 62 83 12 12 CD 5245 62 84 7 7 CD 5245 62 85 6 6 CD 5245 62 86 3 3 CD 5245 62 87 2 2 CD 5245 62 88 1 1 CD 5245 62 89 87 87 CD 5245 62 90 Orthographic Orthographic NNP 5245 62 91 Error Error NNP 5245 62 92 PatternsjTAGLIACOZZO patternsjtagliacozzo CD 5245 62 93 97 97 CD 5245 62 94 letter letter NN 5245 62 95 of of IN 5245 62 96 a a DT 5245 62 97 name name NN 5245 62 98 would would MD 5245 62 99 certainly certainly RB 5245 62 100 contribute contribute VB 5245 62 101 to to IN 5245 62 102 the the DT 5245 62 103 scarcity scarcity NN 5245 62 104 of of IN 5245 62 105 errors error NNS 5245 62 106 in in IN 5245 62 107 such such PDT 5245 62 108 a a DT 5245 62 109 letter letter NN 5245 62 110 . . . 5245 63 1 But but CC 5245 63 2 it -PRON- PRP 5245 63 3 is be VBZ 5245 63 4 also also RB 5245 63 5 possible possible JJ 5245 63 6 that that IN 5245 63 7 when when WRB 5245 63 8 errors error NNS 5245 63 9 in in IN 5245 63 10 the the DT 5245 63 11 first first JJ 5245 63 12 letter letter NN 5245 63 13 occur occur VBP 5245 63 14 , , , 5245 63 15 they -PRON- PRP 5245 63 16 so so RB 5245 63 17 transform transform VBP 5245 63 18 the the DT 5245 63 19 name name NN 5245 63 20 that that WDT 5245 63 21 it -PRON- PRP 5245 63 22 becomes become VBZ 5245 63 23 unrecognizable unrecognizable JJ 5245 63 24 . . . 5245 64 1 Sev- Sev- NNP 5245 64 2 eral eral JJ 5245 64 3 such such JJ 5245 64 4 authors author NNS 5245 64 5 may may MD 5245 64 6 have have VB 5245 64 7 ended end VBN 5245 64 8 up up RP 5245 64 9 in in IN 5245 64 10 the the DT 5245 64 11 category category NN 5245 64 12 of of IN 5245 64 13 non non JJ 5245 64 14 - - JJ 5245 64 15 verified verified JJ 5245 64 16 authors author NNS 5245 64 17 necessarily necessarily RB 5245 64 18 excluded exclude VBN 5245 64 19 from from IN 5245 64 20 the the DT 5245 64 21 analysis analysis NN 5245 64 22 . . . 5245 65 1 It -PRON- PRP 5245 65 2 would would MD 5245 65 3 be be VB 5245 65 4 interesting interesting JJ 5245 65 5 to to TO 5245 65 6 verify verify VB 5245 65 7 whether whether IN 5245 65 8 the the DT 5245 65 9 " " `` 5245 65 10 serial serial JJ 5245 65 11 - - HYPH 5245 65 12 position position NN 5245 65 13 effect effect NN 5245 65 14 " " '' 5245 65 15 that that WDT 5245 65 16 some some DT 5245 65 17 authors author NNS 5245 65 18 found find VBN 5245 65 19 in in IN 5245 65 20 the the DT 5245 65 21 spelling spelling NN 5245 65 22 of of IN 5245 65 23 common common JJ 5245 65 24 nouns noun NNS 5245 65 25 is be VBZ 5245 65 26 present present JJ 5245 65 27 also also RB 5245 65 28 in in IN 5245 65 29 the the DT 5245 65 30 spelling spelling NN 5245 65 31 of of IN 5245 65 32 proper proper JJ 5245 65 33 names name NNS 5245 65 34 . . . 5245 66 1 According accord VBG 5245 66 2 to to IN 5245 66 3 Jensen Jensen NNP 5245 66 4 and and CC 5245 66 5 to to IN 5245 66 6 Kooi Kooi NNP 5245 66 7 et et FW 5245 66 8 al al NNP 5245 66 9 . . NNP 5245 66 10 , , , 5245 66 11 the the DT 5245 66 12 distribution distribution NN 5245 66 13 of of IN 5245 66 14 spelling spelling NN 5245 66 15 errors error NNS 5245 66 16 in in IN 5245 66 17 relation relation NN 5245 66 18 to to IN 5245 66 19 letter letter NN 5245 66 20 position position NN 5245 66 21 closely closely RB 5245 66 22 approximates approximate VBZ 5245 66 23 the the DT 5245 66 24 serial serial JJ 5245 66 25 - - HYPH 5245 66 26 position position NN 5245 66 27 curve curve NN 5245 66 28 for for IN 5245 66 29 errors error NNS 5245 66 30 found find VBN 5245 66 31 in in IN 5245 66 32 serial serial JJ 5245 66 33 rote rote NN 5245 66 34 learn- learn- NNP 5245 66 35 ing ing NNP 5245 66 36 ( ( -LRB- 5245 66 37 11 11 CD 5245 66 38 , , , 5245 66 39 12 12 CD 5245 66 40 ) ) -RRB- 5245 66 41 . . . 5245 67 1 To to TO 5245 67 2 ascertain ascertain VB 5245 67 3 if if IN 5245 67 4 this this DT 5245 67 5 is be VBZ 5245 67 6 the the DT 5245 67 7 case case NN 5245 67 8 for for IN 5245 67 9 author author NN 5245 67 10 names name NNS 5245 67 11 , , , 5245 67 12 a a DT 5245 67 13 data data NN 5245 67 14 base base NN 5245 67 15 much much RB 5245 67 16 larger large JJR 5245 67 17 than than IN 5245 67 18 that that DT 5245 67 19 used use VBN 5245 67 20 for for IN 5245 67 21 this this DT 5245 67 22 study study NN 5245 67 23 would would MD 5245 67 24 be be VB 5245 67 25 needed need VBN 5245 67 26 . . . 5245 68 1 DISTRIBUTION distribution NN 5245 68 2 OF of IN 5245 68 3 ERRORS ERRORS NNP 5245 68 4 AND and CC 5245 68 5 LENGTH LENGTH NNP 5245 68 6 OF of IN 5245 68 7 NAMES NAMES NNP 5245 68 8 Is be VBZ 5245 68 9 the the DT 5245 68 10 probability probability NN 5245 68 11 of of IN 5245 68 12 a a DT 5245 68 13 catalog catalog NN 5245 68 14 searcher searcher NN 5245 68 15 misspelling misspell VBG 5245 68 16 the the DT 5245 68 17 name name NN 5245 68 18 of of IN 5245 68 19 an an DT 5245 68 20 author author NN 5245 68 21 dependent dependent JJ 5245 68 22 to to IN 5245 68 23 any any DT 5245 68 24 extent extent NN 5245 68 25 on on IN 5245 68 26 the the DT 5245 68 27 length length NN 5245 68 28 of of IN 5245 68 29 the the DT 5245 68 30 name name NN 5245 68 31 ? ? . 5245 69 1 Table table NN 5245 69 2 3 3 CD 5245 69 3 shows show VBZ 5245 69 4 the the DT 5245 69 5 frequency frequency NN 5245 69 6 of of IN 5245 69 7 occurrence occurrence NN 5245 69 8 of of IN 5245 69 9 names name NNS 5245 69 10 of of IN 5245 69 11 a a DT 5245 69 12 given give VBN 5245 69 13 length length NN 5245 69 14 in in IN 5245 69 15 the the DT 5245 69 16 87 87 CD 5245 69 17 misspelled misspell VBN 5245 69 18 names name NNS 5245 69 19 ( ( -LRB- 5245 69 20 column column NN 5245 69 21 EL EL NNP 5245 69 22 ) ) -RRB- 5245 69 23 . . . 5245 70 1 The the DT 5245 70 2 next next JJ 5245 70 3 step step NN 5245 70 4 was be VBD 5245 70 5 to to TO 5245 70 6 calculate calculate VB 5245 70 7 the the DT 5245 70 8 dis- dis- NN 5245 70 9 tribution tribution NN 5245 70 10 of of IN 5245 70 11 the the DT 5245 70 12 length length NN 5245 70 13 of of IN 5245 70 14 author author NN 5245 70 15 names name NNS 5245 70 16 in in IN 5245 70 17 the the DT 5245 70 18 whole whole JJ 5245 70 19 group group NN 5245 70 20 of of IN 5245 70 21 verified verify VBN 5245 70 22 author author NN 5245 70 23 citations citation NNS 5245 70 24 provided provide VBN 5245 70 25 by by IN 5245 70 26 the the DT 5245 70 27 catalog catalog NN 5245 70 28 searchers searcher NNS 5245 70 29 . . . 5245 71 1 This this DT 5245 71 2 group group NN 5245 71 3 , , , 5245 71 4 it -PRON- PRP 5245 71 5 should should MD 5245 71 6 be be VB 5245 71 7 remembered remember VBN 5245 71 8 , , , 5245 71 9 does do VBZ 5245 71 10 not not RB 5245 71 11 include include VB 5245 71 12 multiple multiple JJ 5245 71 13 authors author NNS 5245 71 14 , , , 5245 71 15 multiple multiple JJ 5245 71 16 editors editor NNS 5245 71 17 or or CC 5245 71 18 non- non- NN 5245 71 19 personal personal JJ 5245 71 20 authors author NNS 5245 71 21 . . . 5245 72 1 The the DT 5245 72 2 ratio ratio NN 5245 72 3 of of IN 5245 72 4 the the DT 5245 72 5 corresponding corresponding JJ 5245 72 6 figures figure NNS 5245 72 7 in in IN 5245 72 8 the the DT 5245 72 9 two two CD 5245 72 10 distri- distri- JJ 5245 72 11 butions bution NNS 5245 72 12 will will MD 5245 72 13 give give VB 5245 72 14 the the DT 5245 72 15 percentage percentage NN 5245 72 16 of of IN 5245 72 17 names name NNS 5245 72 18 of of IN 5245 72 19 a a DT 5245 72 20 given give VBN 5245 72 21 length length NN 5245 72 22 having have VBG 5245 72 23 spelling spelling NN 5245 72 24 mistakes mistake NNS 5245 72 25 ( ( -LRB- 5245 72 26 Table table NN 5245 72 27 4 4 CD 5245 72 28 ) ) -RRB- 5245 72 29 . . . 5245 73 1 Table table NN 5245 73 2 4 4 CD 5245 73 3 . . . 5245 74 1 Probability Probability NNP 5245 74 2 of of IN 5245 74 3 Errors Errors NNPS 5245 74 4 in in IN 5245 74 5 Recall Recall NNP 5245 74 6 of of IN 5245 74 7 Author Author NNP 5245 74 8 Names Names NNPS 5245 74 9 of of IN 5245 74 10 a a DT 5245 74 11 Given give VBN 5245 74 12 Length Length NNP 5245 74 13 Length Length NNP 5245 74 14 Frequency Frequency NNP 5245 74 15 of of IN 5245 74 16 Frequency Frequency NNP 5245 74 17 of of IN 5245 74 18 Percentage Percentage NNP 5245 74 19 of of IN 5245 74 20 of of IN 5245 74 21 Name Name NNP 5245 74 22 Incorrect Incorrect NNP 5245 74 23 Names Names NNP 5245 74 24 All all DT 5245 74 25 Names Names NNPS 5245 74 26 Incorrect Incorrect NNP 5245 74 27 Names name NNS 5245 74 28 2 2 CD 5245 74 29 1 1 CD 5245 74 30 3 3 CD 5245 74 31 1 1 CD 5245 74 32 9 9 CD 5245 74 33 11.1 11.1 CD 5245 74 34 % % NN 5245 74 35 } } -RRB- 5245 74 36 4 4 CD 5245 74 37 5 5 CD 5245 74 38 87 87 CD 5245 74 39 5.7 5.7 CD 5245 74 40 % % NN 5245 74 41 4.9 4.9 CD 5245 74 42 % % NN 5245 74 43 ( ( -LRB- 5245 74 44 short short JJ 5245 74 45 5 5 CD 5245 74 46 7 7 CD 5245 74 47 169 169 CD 5245 74 48 4 4 CD 5245 74 49 . . . 5245 75 1 1 1 CD 5245 75 2 % % NN 5245 75 3 names name NNS 5245 75 4 ) ) -RRB- 5245 75 5 6 6 CD 5245 75 6 21 21 CD 5245 75 7 215 215 CD 5245 75 8 9.8%"\ 9.8%"\ NN 5245 75 9 7 7 CD 5245 75 10 19 19 CD 5245 75 11 191 191 CD 5245 75 12 9.9 9.9 CD 5245 75 13 % % NN 5245 75 14 J j NN 5245 75 15 10.5 10.5 CD 5245 75 16 % % NN 5245 75 17 ( ( -LRB- 5245 75 18 medium medium NNP 5245 75 19 8 8 CD 5245 75 20 16 16 CD 5245 75 21 127 127 CD 5245 75 22 12.6 12.6 CD 5245 75 23 % % NN 5245 75 24 names name NNS 5245 75 25 ) ) -RRB- 5245 75 26 9 9 CD 5245 75 27 8 8 CD 5245 75 28 59 59 CD 5245 75 29 13.6 13.6 CD 5245 75 30 % % NN 5245 75 31 } } -RRB- 5245 75 32 10 10 CD 5245 75 33 7 7 CD 5245 75 34 36 36 CD 5245 75 35 19.4 19.4 CD 5245 75 36 % % NN 5245 75 37 14.3 14.3 CD 5245 75 38 % % NN 5245 75 39 ( ( -LRB- 5245 75 40 long long RB 5245 75 41 11 11 CD 5245 75 42 2 2 CD 5245 75 43 26 26 CD 5245 75 44 7.7 7.7 CD 5245 75 45 % % NN 5245 75 46 names name NNS 5245 75 47 ) ) -RRB- 5245 75 48 12 12 CD 5245 75 49 1 1 CD 5245 75 50 5 5 CD 5245 75 51 20.0 20.0 CD 5245 75 52 % % NN 5245 75 53 87 87 CD 5245 75 54 925 925 CD 5245 75 55 There there EX 5245 75 56 is be VBZ 5245 75 57 an an DT 5245 75 58 observable observable JJ 5245 75 59 trend trend NN 5245 75 60 toward toward IN 5245 75 61 an an DT 5245 75 62 increase increase NN 5245 75 63 of of IN 5245 75 64 mistakes mistake NNS 5245 75 65 with with IN 5245 75 66 length length NN 5245 75 67 of of IN 5245 75 68 name name NN 5245 75 69 . . . 5245 76 1 Of of RB 5245 76 2 course course RB 5245 76 3 , , , 5245 76 4 the the DT 5245 76 5 two two CD 5245 76 6 extremes extreme NNS 5245 76 7 of of IN 5245 76 8 length length NN 5245 76 9 distribution distribution NN 5245 76 10 are be VBP 5245 76 11 scarcely scarcely RB 5245 76 12 98 98 CD 5245 76 13 Journal Journal NNP 5245 76 14 of of IN 5245 76 15 Library Library NNP 5245 76 16 Automation Automation NNP 5245 76 17 Vol Vol NNP 5245 76 18 . . . 5245 77 1 3/2 3/2 CD 5245 77 2 June June NNP 5245 77 3 , , , 5245 77 4 1970 1970 CD 5245 77 5 represented represent VBD 5245 77 6 , , , 5245 77 7 and and CC 5245 77 8 this this DT 5245 77 9 is be VBZ 5245 77 10 probably probably RB 5245 77 11 responsible responsible JJ 5245 77 12 for for IN 5245 77 13 inconsistencies inconsistency NNS 5245 77 14 in in IN 5245 77 15 the the DT 5245 77 16 percentage percentage NN 5245 77 17 disb·ibution disb·ibution NN 5245 77 18 . . . 5245 78 1 Grouping group VBG 5245 78 2 names name NNS 5245 78 3 into into IN 5245 78 4 three three CD 5245 78 5 length length NN 5245 78 6 categories category NNS 5245 78 7 ( ( -LRB- 5245 78 8 i.e. i.e. FW 5245 78 9 , , , 5245 78 10 short short JJ 5245 78 11 names name NNS 5245 78 12 , , , 5245 78 13 middle middle JJ 5245 78 14 - - HYPH 5245 78 15 length length NN 5245 78 16 names name NNS 5245 78 17 , , , 5245 78 18 and and CC 5245 78 19 long long JJ 5245 78 20 names name NNS 5245 78 21 ) ) -RRB- 5245 78 22 makes make VBZ 5245 78 23 more more RBR 5245 78 24 apparent apparent JJ 5245 78 25 differences difference NNS 5245 78 26 in in IN 5245 78 27 percentages percentage NNS 5245 78 28 of of IN 5245 78 29 incorrect incorrect JJ 5245 78 30 names name NNS 5245 78 31 . . . 5245 79 1 The the DT 5245 79 2 differences difference NNS 5245 79 3 are be VBP 5245 79 4 significant significant JJ 5245 79 5 at at IN 5245 79 6 the the DT 5245 79 7 .01 .01 CD 5245 79 8 level level NN 5245 79 9 of of IN 5245 79 10 confidence confidence NN 5245 79 11 . . . 5245 80 1 TYPE TYPE NNP 5245 80 2 OF of IN 5245 80 3 ERROR ERROR NNP 5245 80 4 IN in IN 5245 80 5 AUTHOR AUTHOR NNP 5245 80 6 NAMES NAMES NNP 5245 80 7 Errors Errors NNPS 5245 80 8 which which WDT 5245 80 9 occurred occur VBD 5245 80 10 in in IN 5245 80 11 the the DT 5245 80 12 spelling spelling NN 5245 80 13 of of IN 5245 80 14 the the DT 5245 80 15 last last JJ 5245 80 16 names name NNS 5245 80 17 of of IN 5245 80 18 authors author NNS 5245 80 19 were be VBD 5245 80 20 grouped group VBN 5245 80 21 into into IN 5245 80 22 four four CD 5245 80 23 broad broad JJ 5245 80 24 categories category NNS 5245 80 25 : : : 5245 80 26 replacement replacement NN 5245 80 27 errors error NNS 5245 80 28 , , , 5245 80 29 omission omission NN 5245 80 30 errors error NNS 5245 80 31 , , , 5245 80 32 addition addition NN 5245 80 33 errors error NNS 5245 80 34 , , , 5245 80 35 and and CC 5245 80 36 transposition transposition NN 5245 80 37 errors error NNS 5245 80 38 . . . 5245 81 1 While while IN 5245 81 2 it -PRON- PRP 5245 81 3 is be VBZ 5245 81 4 true true JJ 5245 81 5 , , , 5245 81 6 especially especially RB 5245 81 7 in in IN 5245 81 8 badly badly RB 5245 81 9 mangled mangle VBN 5245 81 10 words word NNS 5245 81 11 , , , 5245 81 12 that that IN 5245 81 13 an an DT 5245 81 14 error error NN 5245 81 15 can can MD 5245 81 16 often often RB 5245 81 17 be be VB 5245 81 18 said say VBN 5245 81 19 to to TO 5245 81 20 be be VB 5245 81 21 of of IN 5245 81 22 any any DT 5245 81 23 of of IN 5245 81 24 several several JJ 5245 81 25 types type NNS 5245 81 26 , , , 5245 81 27 it -PRON- PRP 5245 81 28 was be VBD 5245 81 29 generally generally RB 5245 81 30 easy easy JJ 5245 81 31 to to TO 5245 81 32 identify identify VB 5245 81 33 the the DT 5245 81 34 simplest simple JJS 5245 81 35 necessary necessary JJ 5245 81 36 transformation transformation NN 5245 81 37 of of IN 5245 81 38 the the DT 5245 81 39 letters letter NNS 5245 81 40 , , , 5245 81 41 and and CC 5245 81 42 to to TO 5245 81 43 assign assign VB 5245 81 44 the the DT 5245 81 45 incorrect incorrect JJ 5245 81 46 name name NN 5245 81 47 to to IN 5245 81 48 the the DT 5245 81 49 type type NN 5245 81 50 of of IN 5245 81 51 error error NN 5245 81 52 corresponding correspond VBG 5245 81 53 to to IN 5245 81 54 that that DT 5245 81 55 kind kind NN 5245 81 56 of of IN 5245 81 57 transformation transformation NN 5245 81 58 . . . 5245 82 1 In in IN 5245 82 2 some some DT 5245 82 3 cases case NNS 5245 82 4 this this DT 5245 82 5 meant mean VBD 5245 82 6 adding add VBG 5245 82 7 a a DT 5245 82 8 string string NN 5245 82 9 of of IN 5245 82 10 letters letter NNS 5245 82 11 or or CC 5245 82 12 replacing replace VBG 5245 82 13 one one CD 5245 82 14 string string NN 5245 82 15 by by IN 5245 82 16 another another DT 5245 82 17 . . . 5245 83 1 Altogether altogether RB 5245 83 2 the the DT 5245 83 3 sample sample NN 5245 83 4 of of IN 5245 83 5 87 87 CD 5245 83 6 incorrect incorrect JJ 5245 83 7 authors author NNS 5245 83 8 contained contain VBD 5245 83 9 104 104 CD 5245 83 10 errors error NNS 5245 83 11 . . . 5245 84 1 Eleven eleven CD 5245 84 2 names name NNS 5245 84 3 exhibited exhibit VBD 5245 84 4 two two CD 5245 84 5 errors error NNS 5245 84 6 each each DT 5245 84 7 , , , 5245 84 8 three three CD 5245 84 9 had have VBD 5245 84 10 three three CD 5245 84 11 errors error NNS 5245 84 12 , , , 5245 84 13 and and CC 5245 84 14 the the DT 5245 84 15 remaining remain VBG 5245 84 16 just just RB 5245 84 17 one one CD 5245 84 18 error error NN 5245 84 19 . . . 5245 85 1 Of of IN 5245 85 2 the the DT 5245 85 3 104 104 CD 5245 85 4 errors error NNS 5245 85 5 , , , 5245 85 6 50 50 CD 5245 85 7 were be VBD 5245 85 8 replacement replacement NN 5245 85 9 errors error NNS 5245 85 10 ; ; : 5245 85 11 these these DT 5245 85 12 are be VBP 5245 85 13 cases case NNS 5245 85 14 in in IN 5245 85 15 which which WDT 5245 85 16 one one CD 5245 85 17 letter letter NN 5245 85 18 or or CC 5245 85 19 string string NN 5245 85 20 of of IN 5245 85 21 letters letter NNS 5245 85 22 of of IN 5245 85 23 the the DT 5245 85 24 correct correct JJ 5245 85 25 name name NN 5245 85 26 has have VBZ 5245 85 27 been be VBN 5245 85 28 replaced replace VBN 5245 85 29 by by IN 5245 85 30 a a DT 5245 85 31 different different JJ 5245 85 32 letter letter NN 5245 85 33 or or CC 5245 85 34 string string NN 5245 85 35 of of IN 5245 85 36 letters letter NNS 5245 85 37 ( ( -LRB- 5245 85 38 e.g. e.g. RB 5245 86 1 Hoiser Hoiser NNP 5245 86 2 for for IN 5245 86 3 Hoijer Hoijer NNP 5245 86 4 , , , 5245 86 5 Friedman Friedman NNP 5245 86 6 for for IN 5245 86 7 Friedberg Friedberg NNP 5245 86 8 ) ) -RRB- 5245 86 9 . . . 5245 87 1 The the DT 5245 87 2 most most RBS 5245 87 3 common common JJ 5245 87 4 replacement replacement NN 5245 87 5 errors error NNS 5245 87 6 appear appear VBP 5245 87 7 in in IN 5245 87 8 Table Table NNP 5245 87 9 5 5 CD 5245 87 10 , , , 5245 87 11 in in IN 5245 87 12 order order NN 5245 87 13 of of IN 5245 87 14 decreasing decrease VBG 5245 87 15 frequency frequency NN 5245 87 16 . . . 5245 88 1 Table table NN 5245 88 2 5 5 CD 5245 88 3 . . . 5245 89 1 Single single JJ 5245 89 2 - - HYPH 5245 89 3 Letter Letter NNP 5245 89 4 Replacement Replacement NNP 5245 89 5 Errors Errors NNP 5245 89 6 No no UH 5245 89 7 . . . 5245 90 1 of of IN 5245 90 2 Errors Errors NNPS 5245 90 3 Correct Correct NNP 5245 90 4 Lettet Lettet NNP 5245 90 5 ' ' '' 5245 90 6 Incorrect Incorrect NNP 5245 90 7 Letter Letter NNP 5245 90 8 6 6 CD 5245 90 9 0 0 CD 5245 90 10 a a NN 5245 90 11 , , , 5245 90 12 a a NN 5245 90 13 , , , 5245 90 14 a a NN 5245 90 15 , , , 5245 90 16 a a DT 5245 90 17 , , , 5245 90 18 p p NNP 5245 90 19 , , , 5245 90 20 r r NNP 5245 90 21 5 5 CD 5245 90 22 a a DT 5245 90 23 , , , 5245 90 24 e e NNP 5245 90 25 , , , 5245 90 26 y y NNP 5245 90 27 , , , 5245 90 28 y y NNP 5245 90 29 , , , 5245 90 30 y y NNP 5245 90 31 4 4 CD 5245 90 32 y y NNP 5245 90 33 a a NN 5245 90 34 , , , 5245 90 35 i i PRP 5245 90 36 , , , 5245 90 37 u u NNP 5245 90 38 , , , 5245 90 39 z z NNP 5245 90 40 3 3 CD 5245 90 41 a a DT 5245 90 42 i i NN 5245 90 43 , , , 5245 90 44 o o XX 5245 90 45 , , , 5245 90 46 0 0 CD 5245 90 47 3 3 CD 5245 90 48 s s NNP 5245 90 49 c c NNP 5245 90 50 , , , 5245 90 51 r r NNP 5245 90 52 , , , 5245 90 53 z z NNP 5245 90 54 3 3 CD 5245 90 55 v v NN 5245 90 56 b b NNP 5245 90 57 , , , 5245 90 58 f f NNP 5245 90 59 , , , 5245 90 60 w w NNP 5245 90 61 2 2 CD 5245 90 62 e e NNP 5245 90 63 i i NN 5245 90 64 , , , 5245 90 65 0 0 CD 5245 90 66 2 2 CD 5245 90 67 g g NN 5245 90 68 c c NNP 5245 90 69 , , , 5245 90 70 r r NNP 5245 90 71 28 28 CD 5245 90 72 Not not RB 5245 90 73 included include VBN 5245 90 74 in in IN 5245 90 75 the the DT 5245 90 76 table table NN 5245 90 77 are be VBP 5245 90 78 the the DT 5245 90 79 10 10 CD 5245 90 80 letters letter NNS 5245 90 81 which which WDT 5245 90 82 were be VBD 5245 90 83 each each DT 5245 90 84 replaced replace VBN 5245 90 85 just just RB 5245 90 86 once once RB 5245 90 87 and and CC 5245 90 88 the the DT 5245 90 89 12 12 CD 5245 90 90 strings string NNS 5245 90 91 of of IN 5245 90 92 letters letter NNS 5245 90 93 . . . 5245 91 1 In in IN 5245 91 2 four four CD 5245 91 3 cases case NNS 5245 91 4 , , , 5245 91 5 the the DT 5245 91 6 replaced replace VBN 5245 91 7 letter letter NN 5245 91 8 was be VBD 5245 91 9 the the DT 5245 91 10 second second JJ 5245 91 11 of of IN 5245 91 12 a a DT 5245 91 13 double double JJ 5245 91 14 letter letter NN 5245 91 15 . . . 5245 92 1 There there EX 5245 92 2 were be VBD 5245 92 3 34 34 CD 5245 92 4 omission omission NN 5245 92 5 errors error NNS 5245 92 6 in in RB 5245 92 7 all all DT 5245 92 8 . . . 5245 93 1 Four four CD 5245 93 2 of of IN 5245 93 3 these these DT 5245 93 4 involved involve VBD 5245 93 5 a a DT 5245 93 6 string string NN 5245 93 7 of of IN 5245 93 8 letters letter NNS 5245 93 9 ; ; : 5245 93 10 all all PDT 5245 93 11 the the DT 5245 93 12 rest rest NN 5245 93 13 were be VBD 5245 93 14 single single JJ 5245 93 15 - - HYPH 5245 93 16 letter letter NN 5245 93 17 omissions omission NNS 5245 93 18 . . . 5245 94 1 Eleven eleven CD 5245 94 2 single single JJ 5245 94 3 - - HYPH 5245 94 4 letter letter NN 5245 94 5 omissions omission NNS 5245 94 6 occurred occur VBD 5245 94 7 in in IN 5245 94 8 the the DT 5245 94 9 last last JJ 5245 94 10 letter letter NN 5245 94 11 of of IN 5245 94 12 the the DT 5245 94 13 name name NN 5245 94 14 ( ( -LRB- 5245 94 15 e.g. e.g. RB 5245 95 1 Abbot abbot JJ 5245 95 2 instead instead RB 5245 95 3 of of IN 5245 95 4 Abbott Abbott NNP 5245 95 5 ) ) -RRB- 5245 95 6 , , , 5245 95 7 and and CC 5245 95 8 19 19 CD 5245 95 9 in in IN 5245 95 10 the the DT 5245 95 11 middle middle NN 5245 95 12 of of IN 5245 95 13 the the DT 5245 95 14 name name NN 5245 95 15 ( ( -LRB- 5245 95 16 e. e. NNP 5245 95 17 g. g. NNP 5245 95 18 Brent Brent NNP 5245 95 19 instead instead RB 5245 95 20 of of IN 5245 95 21 Orthographic Orthographic NNP 5245 95 22 Error Error NNP 5245 95 23 PatternsjTAGLIACOZZO patternsjtagliacozzo CD 5245 95 24 99 99 CD 5245 95 25 Brendt Brendt NNP 5245 95 26 ) ) -RRB- 5245 95 27 . . . 5245 96 1 Table table NN 5245 96 2 6 6 CD 5245 96 3 gives give VBZ 5245 96 4 the the DT 5245 96 5 frequency frequency NN 5245 96 6 distribution distribution NN 5245 96 7 of of IN 5245 96 8 the the DT 5245 96 9 omitted omitted JJ 5245 96 10 letters letter NNS 5245 96 11 . . . 5245 97 1 The the DT 5245 97 2 asterisk asterisk NN 5245 97 3 indicates indicate VBZ 5245 97 4 that that IN 5245 97 5 the the DT 5245 97 6 omitted omitted JJ 5245 97 7 letter letter NN 5245 97 8 was be VBD 5245 97 9 the the DT 5245 97 10 second second JJ 5245 97 11 of of IN 5245 97 12 a a DT 5245 97 13 double double JJ 5245 97 14 letter letter NN 5245 97 15 . . . 5245 98 1 Table table NN 5245 98 2 6 6 CD 5245 98 3 . . . 5245 99 1 Single single JJ 5245 99 2 - - HYPH 5245 99 3 Letter letter NN 5245 99 4 Omission Omission NNP 5245 99 5 Errors Errors NNPS 5245 99 6 No no UH 5245 99 7 . . . 5245 100 1 of of IN 5245 100 2 Error Error NNP 5245 100 3 in in IN 5245 100 4 Middle Middle NNP 5245 100 5 Error Error NNP 5245 100 6 in in IN 5245 100 7 Final Final NNP 5245 100 8 Letter Letter NNP 5245 100 9 Errors Errors NNPS 5245 100 10 Position Position NNP 5245 100 11 Position Position NNP 5245 100 12 Omitted omit VBD 5245 100 13 8 8 CD 5245 100 14 5 5 CD 5245 100 15 3 3 CD 5245 100 16 e e CD 5245 100 17 4 4 CD 5245 100 18 4 4 CD 5245 100 19 a a DT 5245 100 20 4 4 CD 5245 100 21 40 40 CD 5245 100 22 t t NN 5245 100 23 3 3 CD 5245 100 24 1 1 CD 5245 100 25 20 20 CD 5245 100 26 n n CD 5245 100 27 2 2 CD 5245 100 28 2 2 CD 5245 100 29 h h NN 5245 100 30 2 2 CD 5245 100 31 2 2 CD 5245 100 32 i i CD 5245 100 33 2 2 CD 5245 100 34 20 20 CD 5245 100 35 1 1 CD 5245 100 36 2 2 CD 5245 100 37 1 1 CD 5245 100 38 1 1 CD 5245 100 39 s s NN 5245 100 40 1 1 CD 5245 100 41 1 1 CD 5245 100 42 c c NN 5245 100 43 1 1 CD 5245 100 44 1 1 CD 5245 100 45 d d NN 5245 100 46 1 1 CD 5245 100 47 1 1 CD 5245 100 48 r r NN 5245 100 49 30 30 CD 5245 100 50 Addition addition NN 5245 100 51 errors error NNS 5245 100 52 totaled total VBD 5245 100 53 18 18 CD 5245 100 54 . . . 5245 101 1 In in IN 5245 101 2 one one CD 5245 101 3 case case NN 5245 101 4 the the DT 5245 101 5 addition addition NN 5245 101 6 consisted consist VBD 5245 101 7 of of IN 5245 101 8 a a DT 5245 101 9 string string NN 5245 101 10 of of IN 5245 101 11 letters letter NNS 5245 101 12 , , , 5245 101 13 while while IN 5245 101 14 in in IN 5245 101 15 the the DT 5245 101 16 others other NNS 5245 101 17 only only RB 5245 101 18 one one CD 5245 101 19 letter letter NN 5245 101 20 was be VBD 5245 101 21 added add VBN 5245 101 22 . . . 5245 102 1 Addition addition NN 5245 102 2 errors error NNS 5245 102 3 can can MD 5245 102 4 occur occur VB 5245 102 5 in in IN 5245 102 6 the the DT 5245 102 7 middle middle NN 5245 102 8 of of IN 5245 102 9 a a DT 5245 102 10 name name NN 5245 102 11 ( ( -LRB- 5245 102 12 e.g. e.g. RB 5245 103 1 Berelison Berelison NNP 5245 103 2 for for IN 5245 103 3 Berelson Berelson NNP 5245 103 4 ) ) -RRB- 5245 103 5 or or CC 5245 103 6 at at IN 5245 103 7 the the DT 5245 103 8 end end NN 5245 103 9 of of IN 5245 103 10 it -PRON- PRP 5245 103 11 ( ( -LRB- 5245 103 12 e.g. e.g. RB 5245 104 1 Haller Haller NNP 5245 104 2 for for IN 5245 104 3 Halle Halle NNP 5245 104 4 ) ) -RRB- 5245 104 5 . . . 5245 105 1 In in IN 5245 105 2 the the DT 5245 105 3 latter latter JJ 5245 105 4 case case NN 5245 105 5 , , , 5245 105 6 the the DT 5245 105 7 added add VBN 5245 105 8 letter letter NN 5245 105 9 is be VBZ 5245 105 10 found find VBN 5245 105 11 beyond beyond IN 5245 105 12 the the DT 5245 105 13 last last JJ 5245 105 14 letter letter NN 5245 105 15 of of IN 5245 105 16 the the DT 5245 105 17 correct correct JJ 5245 105 18 name name NN 5245 105 19 ( ( -LRB- 5245 105 20 these these DT 5245 105 21 were be VBD 5245 105 22 the the DT 5245 105 23 errors error NNS 5245 105 24 on on IN 5245 105 25 the the DT 5245 105 26 right right NN 5245 105 27 of of IN 5245 105 28 the the DT 5245 105 29 diagonal diagonal JJ 5245 105 30 in in IN 5245 105 31 Table Table NNP 5245 105 32 3 3 CD 5245 105 33 ) ) -RRB- 5245 105 34 . . . 5245 106 1 The the DT 5245 106 2 distribution distribution NN 5245 106 3 of of IN 5245 106 4 addition addition NN 5245 106 5 errors error NNS 5245 106 6 is be VBZ 5245 106 7 shown show VBN 5245 106 8 in in IN 5245 106 9 Table Table NNP 5245 106 10 7 7 CD 5245 106 11 . . . 5245 107 1 The the DT 5245 107 2 asterisk asterisk NN 5245 107 3 indicates indicate VBZ 5245 107 4 that that IN 5245 107 5 the the DT 5245 107 6 added add VBN 5245 107 7 letter letter NN 5245 107 8 duplicated duplicate VBD 5245 107 9 the the DT 5245 107 10 previous previous JJ 5245 107 11 letter letter NN 5245 107 12 . . . 5245 108 1 Table table NN 5245 108 2 7 7 CD 5245 108 3 . . . 5245 109 1 Single single JJ 5245 109 2 - - HYPH 5245 109 3 Letter Letter NNP 5245 109 4 Addition Addition NNP 5245 109 5 Errors Errors NNPS 5245 109 6 No no UH 5245 109 7 . . . 5245 110 1 of of IN 5245 110 2 Error Error NNP 5245 110 3 in in IN 5245 110 4 Middle Middle NNP 5245 110 5 Errors Errors NNPS 5245 110 6 Position Position NNP 5245 110 7 5 5 CD 5245 110 8 2 2 CD 5245 110 9 2 2 CD 5245 110 10 2 2 CD 5245 110 11 1 1 CD 5245 110 12 1 1 CD 5245 110 13 1 1 CD 5245 110 14 1 1 CD 5245 110 15 l l NN 5245 110 16 1 1 CD 5245 110 17 17 17 CD 5245 110 18 Error Error NNP 5245 110 19 in in IN 5245 110 20 Final Final NNP 5245 110 21 Position Position NNP 5245 110 22 4 4 CD 5245 110 23 1 1 CD 5245 110 24 1 1 CD 5245 110 25 1 1 CD 5245 110 26 .L .L . 5245 110 27 Added Added NNP 5245 110 28 Letter Letter NNP 5245 110 29 s s NNP 5245 110 30 c c NNP 5245 110 31 e e NN 5245 110 32 i i NNP 5245 110 33 a a DT 5245 110 34 f f NN 5245 110 35 1 1 CD 5245 110 36 m m NNP 5245 110 37 n n CC 5245 110 38 z z NNP 5245 110 39 100 100 CD 5245 110 40 Journal Journal NNP 5245 110 41 of of IN 5245 110 42 Library Library NNP 5245 110 43 Automation Automation NNP 5245 110 44 Vol Vol NNP 5245 110 45 . . . 5245 111 1 3/2 3/2 CD 5245 111 2 June June NNP 5245 111 3 , , , 5245 111 4 1970 1970 CD 5245 111 5 There there EX 5245 111 6 were be VBD 5245 111 7 two two CD 5245 111 8 transposition transposition NN 5245 111 9 errors error NNS 5245 111 10 : : : 5245 111 11 ie ie NNP 5245 111 12 for for IN 5245 111 13 ei ei NNP 5245 111 14 and and CC 5245 111 15 ai ai VB 5245 111 16 for for IN 5245 111 17 ia ia PRP 5245 111 18 . . . 5245 112 1 In in IN 5245 112 2 cases case NNS 5245 112 3 of of IN 5245 112 4 second second JJ 5245 112 5 and and CC 5245 112 6 third third JJ 5245 112 7 errors error NNS 5245 112 8 in in IN 5245 112 9 the the DT 5245 112 10 name name NN 5245 112 11 , , , 5245 112 12 there there EX 5245 112 13 were be VBD 5245 112 14 five five CD 5245 112 15 replacement replacement NN 5245 112 16 errors error NNS 5245 112 17 , , , 5245 112 18 seven seven CD 5245 112 19 omission omission NN 5245 112 20 errors error NNS 5245 112 21 , , , 5245 112 22 and and CC 5245 112 23 five five CD 5245 112 24 addition addition NN 5245 112 25 errors error NNS 5245 112 26 . . . 5245 113 1 Table table NN 5245 113 2 8 8 CD 5245 113 3 summarizes summarize VBZ 5245 113 4 the the DT 5245 113 5 type type NN 5245 113 6 of of IN 5245 113 7 errors error NNS 5245 113 8 encountered encounter VBN 5245 113 9 in in IN 5245 113 10 the the DT 5245 113 11 sample sample NN 5245 113 12 of of IN 5245 113 13 incorrect incorrect JJ 5245 113 14 authors author NNS 5245 113 15 . . . 5245 114 1 Figures figure NNS 5245 114 2 in in IN 5245 114 3 this this DT 5245 114 4 table table NN 5245 114 5 include include VBP 5245 114 6 strings string NNS 5245 114 7 as as RB 5245 114 8 well well RB 5245 114 9 as as IN 5245 114 10 single single JJ 5245 114 11 letters letter NNS 5245 114 12 , , , 5245 114 13 and and CC 5245 114 14 second second JJ 5245 114 15 and and CC 5245 114 16 third third JJ 5245 114 17 errors error NNS 5245 114 18 , , , 5245 114 19 as as RB 5245 114 20 well well RB 5245 114 21 as as IN 5245 114 22 first first JJ 5245 114 23 errors error NNS 5245 114 24 . . . 5245 115 1 Table table NN 5245 115 2 8 8 CD 5245 115 3 . . . 5245 116 1 Distribution distribution NN 5245 116 2 of of IN 5245 116 3 Types type NNS 5245 116 4 of of IN 5245 116 5 Errors Errors NNPS 5245 116 6 Middle Middle NNP 5245 116 7 Position Position NNP 5245 116 8 Replacement Replacement NNP 5245 116 9 errors error NNS 5245 116 10 Omission Omission NNP 5245 116 11 errors error NNS 5245 116 12 Addition Addition NNP 5245 116 13 errors error NNS 5245 116 14 Transposition transposition NN 5245 116 15 errors error NNS 5245 116 16 CONCLUSION conclusion NN 5245 116 17 Four four CD 5245 116 18 trends trend NNS 5245 116 19 could could MD 5245 116 20 be be VB 5245 116 21 observed observe VBN 5245 116 22 : : : 5245 116 23 44 44 CD 5245 116 24 21 21 CD 5245 116 25 10 10 CD 5245 116 26 2 2 CD 5245 116 27 Final Final NNP 5245 116 28 Total Total NNP 5245 116 29 Position Position NNP 5245 116 30 6 6 CD 5245 116 31 50 50 CD 5245 116 32 13 13 CD 5245 116 33 34 34 CD 5245 116 34 8 8 CD 5245 116 35 18 18 CD 5245 116 36 2 2 CD 5245 116 37 104 104 CD 5245 116 38 1 1 CD 5245 116 39 ) ) -RRB- 5245 116 40 Vowels Vowels NNP 5245 116 41 usually usually RB 5245 116 42 replaced replace VBD 5245 116 43 vowels vowel NNS 5245 116 44 , , , 5245 116 45 and and CC 5245 116 46 consonants consonant NNS 5245 116 47 usually usually RB 5245 116 48 replaced replace VBD 5245 116 49 consonants consonant NNS 5245 116 50 . . . 5245 117 1 Apparently apparently RB 5245 117 2 the the DT 5245 117 3 probability probability NN 5245 117 4 of of IN 5245 117 5 misspelling misspell VBG 5245 117 6 a a DT 5245 117 7 single single JJ 5245 117 8 letter letter NN 5245 117 9 was be VBD 5245 117 10 slightly slightly RB 5245 117 11 higher high JJR 5245 117 12 for for IN 5245 117 13 vowels vowel NNS 5245 117 14 than than IN 5245 117 15 for for IN 5245 117 16 consonants consonant NNS 5245 117 17 . . . 5245 118 1 With with IN 5245 118 2 the the DT 5245 118 3 latter latter JJ 5245 118 4 , , , 5245 118 5 there there EX 5245 118 6 is be VBZ 5245 118 7 some some DT 5245 118 8 indication indication NN 5245 118 9 that that IN 5245 118 10 the the DT 5245 118 11 substitution substitution NN 5245 118 12 was be VBD 5245 118 13 guided guide VBN 5245 118 14 by by IN 5245 118 15 phonetic phonetic JJ 5245 118 16 similarity similarity NN 5245 118 17 ( ( -LRB- 5245 118 18 " " `` 5245 118 19 » » ADD 5245 118 20 • • NN 5245 118 21 1 1 CD 5245 118 22 d d NN 5245 118 23 b b NNP 5245 118 24 " " `` 5245 118 25 b b NNP 5245 118 26 " " '' 5245 118 27 " " `` 5245 118 28 f f NNP 5245 118 29 " " '' 5245 118 30 " " '' 5245 118 31 ") ") '' 5245 118 32 e.g. e.g. RB 5245 118 33 , , , 5245 118 34 v v NNP 5245 118 35 IS IS NNP 5245 118 36 rep rep NNP 5245 118 37 ace ace NNP 5245 118 38 y y NNP 5245 118 39 , , , 5245 118 40 or or CC 5245 118 41 , , , 5245 118 42 or or CC 5245 118 43 w w NNP 5245 118 44 . . . 5245 119 1 2 2 LS 5245 119 2 ) ) -RRB- 5245 119 3 Most Most JJS 5245 119 4 omissions omission NNS 5245 119 5 in in IN 5245 119 6 which which WDT 5245 119 7 the the DT 5245 119 8 correct correct JJ 5245 119 9 name name NN 5245 119 10 had have VBD 5245 119 11 a a DT 5245 119 12 double double JJ 5245 119 13 letter letter NN 5245 119 14 oc- oc- XX 5245 119 15 curred curre VBN 5245 119 16 at at IN 5245 119 17 the the DT 5245 119 18 end end NN 5245 119 19 of of IN 5245 119 20 the the DT 5245 119 21 word word NN 5245 119 22 . . . 5245 120 1 3 3 LS 5245 120 2 ) ) -RRB- 5245 120 3 Replacement replacement NN 5245 120 4 errors error NNS 5245 120 5 tended tend VBD 5245 120 6 to to TO 5245 120 7 come come VB 5245 120 8 earlier early RBR 5245 120 9 in in IN 5245 120 10 words word NNS 5245 120 11 than than IN 5245 120 12 did do VBD 5245 120 13 omis- omis- JJ 5245 120 14 sions sion NNS 5245 120 15 and and CC 5245 120 16 additions addition NNS 5245 120 17 . . . 5245 121 1 ( ( -LRB- 5245 121 2 This this DT 5245 121 3 is be VBZ 5245 121 4 not not RB 5245 121 5 due due JJ 5245 121 6 to to IN 5245 121 7 the the DT 5245 121 8 fact fact NN 5245 121 9 that that IN 5245 121 10 addition addition NN 5245 121 11 and and CC 5245 121 12 omis- omis- NN 5245 121 13 sion sion NN 5245 121 14 errors error NNS 5245 121 15 contained contain VBD 5245 121 16 a a DT 5245 121 17 disproportionately disproportionately RB 5245 121 18 high high JJ 5245 121 19 number number NN 5245 121 20 of of IN 5245 121 21 final final JJ 5245 121 22 errors error NNS 5245 121 23 ; ; : 5245 121 24 even even RB 5245 121 25 when when WRB 5245 121 26 these these DT 5245 121 27 final final JJ 5245 121 28 errors error NNS 5245 121 29 are be VBP 5245 121 30 excluded exclude VBN 5245 121 31 , , , 5245 121 32 replacement replacement NN 5245 121 33 errors error NNS 5245 121 34 still still RB 5245 121 35 come come VBP 5245 121 36 earlier early RBR 5245 121 37 than than IN 5245 121 38 other other JJ 5245 121 39 types type NNS 5245 121 40 . . . 5245 121 41 ) ) -RRB- 5245 122 1 4 4 LS 5245 122 2 ) ) -RRB- 5245 122 3 Second second JJ 5245 122 4 and and CC 5245 122 5 third third JJ 5245 122 6 errors error NNS 5245 122 7 in in IN 5245 122 8 a a DT 5245 122 9 name name NN 5245 122 10 have have VBP 5245 122 11 comparatively comparatively RB 5245 122 12 few few JJ 5245 122 13 replace- replace- JJ 5245 122 14 ment ment JJ 5245 122 15 errors error NNS 5245 122 16 . . . 5245 123 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENT acknowledgment DT 5245 123 2 This this DT 5245 123 3 work work NN 5245 123 4 was be VBD 5245 123 5 supported support VBN 5245 123 6 in in IN 5245 123 7 part part NN 5245 123 8 by by IN 5245 123 9 the the DT 5245 123 10 National National NNP 5245 123 11 Science Science NNP 5245 123 12 Foundation Foundation NNP 5245 123 13 , , , 5245 123 14 Grant Grant NNP 5245 123 15 GN GN NNP 5245 123 16 716 716 CD 5245 123 17 . . . 5245 124 1 REFERENCES reference NNS 5245 124 2 1 1 CD 5245 124 3 . . . 5245 125 1 Kilgour Kilgour NNP 5245 125 2 , , , 5245 125 3 F. F. NNP 5245 125 4 G. G. NNP 5245 125 5 : : : 5245 125 6 " " `` 5245 125 7 Retrieval Retrieval NNP 5245 125 8 of of IN 5245 125 9 Single Single NNP 5245 125 10 Entries Entries NNPS 5245 125 11 from from IN 5245 125 12 a a DT 5245 125 13 Computerized Computerized NNP 5245 125 14 Library Library NNP 5245 125 15 Catalog Catalog NNP 5245 125 16 File File NNP 5245 125 17 , , , 5245 125 18 " " '' 5245 125 19 Proceedings proceeding NNS 5245 125 20 of of IN 5245 125 21 the the DT 5245 125 22 American American NNP 5245 125 23 Society Society NNP 5245 125 24 for for IN 5245 125 25 I I NNP 5245 125 26 nfo1'11Ultion nfo1'11Ultion NNP 5245 125 27 Science Science NNP 5245 125 28 , , , 5245 125 29 5 5 CD 5245 125 30 ( ( -LRB- 5245 125 31 1968 1968 CD 5245 125 32 ) ) -RRB- 5245 125 33 , , , 5245 125 34 133 133 CD 5245 125 35 - - SYM 5245 125 36 136 136 CD 5245 125 37 . . . 5245 126 1 2 2 LS 5245 126 2 . . . 5245 127 1 Nugent Nugent NNP 5245 127 2 , , , 5245 127 3 William William NNP 5245 127 4 R. R. NNP 5245 127 5 : : : 5245 127 6 " " `` 5245 127 7 Compression Compression NNP 5245 127 8 Word Word NNP 5245 127 9 Coding Coding NNP 5245 127 10 Techniques Techniques NNPS 5245 127 11 for for IN 5245 127 12 Information Information NNP 5245 127 13 Retrieval Retrieval NNP 5245 127 14 , , , 5245 127 15 " " '' 5245 127 16 Journal Journal NNP 5245 127 17 of of IN 5245 127 18 Library Library NNP 5245 127 19 Automation Automation NNP 5245 127 20 , , , 5245 127 21 1 1 CD 5245 127 22 ( ( -LRB- 5245 127 23 Decem- Decem- NNP 5245 127 24 ber ber NNP 5245 127 25 1968 1968 CD 5245 127 26 ) ) -RRB- 5245 127 27 , , , 5245 127 28 250 250 CD 5245 127 29 - - SYM 5245 127 30 260 260 CD 5245 127 31 . . . 5245 128 1 Orthographic Orthographic NNP 5245 128 2 Error Error NNP 5245 128 3 PatternsjTAGLIACOZZO patternsjtagliacozzo CD 5245 128 4 101 101 CD 5245 128 5 3 3 CD 5245 128 6 . . . 5245 129 1 Ruecking ruecke VBG 5245 129 2 , , , 5245 129 3 Frederick Frederick NNP 5245 129 4 H H NNP 5245 129 5 . . . 5245 129 6 , , , 5245 129 7 Jr. Jr. NNP 5245 129 8 : : : 5245 129 9 " " `` 5245 129 10 Bibliographic Bibliographic NNP 5245 129 11 Retrieval Retrieval NNP 5245 129 12 from from IN 5245 129 13 Biblio- Biblio- NNP 5245 129 14 graphic graphic JJ 5245 129 15 Input input NN 5245 129 16 ; ; : 5245 129 17 the the DT 5245 129 18 Hypothesis Hypothesis NNP 5245 129 19 and and CC 5245 129 20 Construction Construction NNP 5245 129 21 of of IN 5245 129 22 a a DT 5245 129 23 Test test NN 5245 129 24 , , , 5245 129 25 " " '' 5245 129 26 Journal Journal NNP 5245 129 27 of of IN 5245 129 28 Library Library NNP 5245 129 29 Automation Automation NNP 5245 129 30 , , , 5245 129 31 1 1 CD 5245 129 32 ( ( -LRB- 5245 129 33 December December NNP 5245 129 34 1968 1968 CD 5245 129 35 ) ) -RRB- 5245 129 36 , , , 5245 129 37 227 227 CD 5245 129 38 - - SYM 5245 129 39 238 238 CD 5245 129 40 . . . 5245 130 1 4 4 LS 5245 130 2 . . . 5245 131 1 Dolby Dolby NNP 5245 131 2 , , , 5245 131 3 James James NNP 5245 131 4 L. L. NNP 5245 131 5 : : : 5245 131 6 " " `` 5245 131 7 An an DT 5245 131 8 Algorithm Algorithm NNP 5245 131 9 for for IN 5245 131 10 Noisy Noisy NNP 5245 131 11 Matches Matches NNPS 5245 131 12 in in IN 5245 131 13 Catalog Catalog NNP 5245 131 14 Searching search VBG 5245 131 15 . . . 5245 131 16 " " '' 5245 132 1 In in IN 5245 132 2 : : : 5245 132 3 A a DT 5245 132 4 Study Study NNP 5245 132 5 of of IN 5245 132 6 the the DT 5245 132 7 Organization Organization NNP 5245 132 8 and and CC 5245 132 9 Search Search NNP 5245 132 10 of of IN 5245 132 11 Biblio- Biblio- NNP 5245 132 12 graphic graphic JJ 5245 132 13 Holdings Holdings NNPS 5245 132 14 Records Records NNPS 5245 132 15 in in IN 5245 132 16 On on IN 5245 132 17 - - HYPH 5245 132 18 Line Line NNP 5245 132 19 Computer Computer NNP 5245 132 20 Systems Systems NNPS 5245 132 21 : : : 5245 132 22 Phase phase VB 5245 132 23 I. i. NN 5245 133 1 ( ( -LRB- 5245 133 2 Berkeley Berkeley NNP 5245 133 3 , , , 5245 133 4 Cal Cal NNP 5245 133 5 . . . 5245 134 1 : : : 5245 134 2 Institute Institute NNP 5245 134 3 of of IN 5245 134 4 Library Library NNP 5245 134 5 Research Research NNP 5245 134 6 , , , 5245 134 7 University University NNP 5245 134 8 of of IN 5245 134 9 Califor- Califor- NNP 5245 134 10 nia nia NNP 5245 134 11 March March NNP 5245 134 12 1969 1969 CD 5245 134 13 ) ) -RRB- 5245 134 14 , , , 5245 134 15 119 119 CD 5245 134 16 - - SYM 5245 134 17 136 136 CD 5245 134 18 . . . 5245 135 1 5 5 CD 5245 135 2 . . . 5245 136 1 Peterson Peterson NNP 5245 136 2 , , , 5245 136 3 William William NNP 5245 136 4 W. W. NNP 5245 136 5 : : : 5245 136 6 Error Error NNP 5245 136 7 Correcting Correcting NNP 5245 136 8 Codes Codes NNPS 5245 136 9 ( ( -LRB- 5245 136 10 New New NNP 5245 136 11 York York NNP 5245 136 12 : : : 5245 136 13 Wiley Wiley NNP 5245 136 14 , , , 5245 136 15 1961 1961 CD 5245 136 16 ) ) -RRB- 5245 136 17 . . . 5245 137 1 6 6 CD 5245 137 2 . . . 5245 138 1 Alberga Alberga NNP 5245 138 2 , , , 5245 138 3 Cyril Cyril NNP 5245 138 4 N. N. NNP 5245 138 5 : : : 5245 138 6 " " `` 5245 138 7 String String NNP 5245 138 8 Similarity Similarity NNP 5245 138 9 and and CC 5245 138 10 Mispellings Mispellings NNPS 5245 138 11 , , , 5245 138 12 " " '' 5245 138 13 Communica- Communica- NNP 5245 138 14 tions tion NNS 5245 138 15 of of IN 5245 138 16 the the DT 5245 138 17 ACM ACM NNP 5245 138 18 , , , 5245 138 19 10 10 CD 5245 138 20 ( ( -LRB- 5245 138 21 1967 1967 CD 5245 138 22 ) ) -RRB- 5245 138 23 , , , 5245 138 24 302 302 CD 5245 138 25 - - SYM 5245 138 26 313 313 CD 5245 138 27 . . . 5245 139 1 7 7 LS 5245 139 2 . . . 5245 140 1 Galli Galli NNP 5245 140 2 , , , 5245 140 3 Enrico Enrico NNP 5245 140 4 J. J. NNP 5245 140 5 ; ; : 5245 140 6 Yamada Yamada NNP 5245 140 7 , , , 5245 140 8 Hisao Hisao NNP 5245 140 9 M. M. NNP 5245 140 10 : : : 5245 140 11 " " `` 5245 140 12 Experimental Experimental NNP 5245 140 13 Studies Studies NNPS 5245 140 14 in in IN 5245 140 15 Com- Com- NNP 5245 140 16 puter puter NN 5245 140 17 - - . 5245 140 18 Assisted Assisted NNP 5245 140 19 Correction Correction NNP 5245 140 20 of of IN 5245 140 21 Unorthographic Unorthographic NNP 5245 140 22 Text Text NNP 5245 140 23 , , , 5245 140 24 " " '' 5245 140 25 IEEE IEEE NNP 5245 140 26 Transac- Transac- NNP 5245 140 27 tions tion NNS 5245 140 28 on on IN 5245 140 29 Engineering Engineering NNP 5245 140 30 Writing Writing NNP 5245 140 31 and and CC 5245 140 32 Speech Speech NNP 5245 140 33 , , , 5245 140 34 EWS-11 ews-11 JJ 5245 140 35 ( ( -LRB- 5245 140 36 August August NNP 5245 140 37 1968 1968 CD 5245 140 38 ) ) -RRB- 5245 140 39 , , , 5245 140 40 75 75 CD 5245 140 41 - - SYM 5245 140 42 84 84 CD 5245 140 43 . . . 5245 141 1 8 8 LS 5245 141 2 . . . 5245 142 1 Tagliacozzo Tagliacozzo NNP 5245 142 2 , , , 5245 142 3 R. R. NNP 5245 142 4 , , , 5245 142 5 et et NNP 5245 142 6 al al NNP 5245 142 7 . . . 5245 143 1 : : : 5245 143 2 " " `` 5245 143 3 Patterns pattern NNS 5245 143 4 of of IN 5245 143 5 Searching search VBG 5245 143 6 in in IN 5245 143 7 Library Library NNP 5245 143 8 Catalogs Catalogs NNP 5245 143 9 . . . 5245 143 10 " " '' 5245 144 1 In in IN 5245 144 2 : : : 5245 144 3 Integrative integrative JJ 5245 144 4 Mechanisms Mechanisms NNP 5245 144 5 in in IN 5245 144 6 Literature Literature NNP 5245 144 7 Growth Growth NNP 5245 144 8 . . . 5245 145 1 Vol Vol NNP 5245 145 2 IV IV NNP 5245 145 3 . . . 5245 146 1 ( ( -LRB- 5245 146 2 Uni- uni- DT 5245 146 3 versity versity NN 5245 146 4 of of IN 5245 146 5 Michigan Michigan NNP 5245 146 6 , , , 5245 146 7 Mental Mental NNP 5245 146 8 Health Health NNP 5245 146 9 Research Research NNP 5245 146 10 Institute Institute NNP 5245 146 11 , , , 5245 146 12 January January NNP 5245 146 13 1970 1970 CD 5245 146 14 ) ) -RRB- 5245 146 15 . . . 5245 147 1 Report report VB 5245 147 2 to to IN 5245 147 3 the the DT 5245 147 4 National National NNP 5245 147 5 Science Science NNP 5245 147 6 Foundation Foundation NNP 5245 147 7 , , , 5245 147 8 GN GN NNP 5245 147 9 716 716 CD 5245 147 10 . . . 5245 148 1 9 9 CD 5245 148 2 . . . 5245 149 1 University University NNP 5245 149 2 of of IN 5245 149 3 Chicago Chicago NNP 5245 149 4 Graduate Graduate NNP 5245 149 5 Library Library NNP 5245 149 6 School School NNP 5245 149 7 : : : 5245 149 8 Requirements Requirements NNP 5245 149 9 Study Study NNP 5245 149 10 for for IN 5245 149 11 Future Future NNP 5245 149 12 Catalogs Catalogs NNPS 5245 149 13 , , , 5245 149 14 ( ( -LRB- 5245 149 15 Chicago Chicago NNP 5245 149 16 : : : 5245 149 17 University University NNP 5245 149 18 of of IN 5245 149 19 Chicago Chicago NNP 5245 149 20 Graduate Graduate NNP 5245 149 21 Li- Li- NNP 5245 149 22 brary brary NN 5245 149 23 School School NNP 5245 149 24 , , , 5245 149 25 1968 1968 CD 5245 149 26 ) ) -RRB- 5245 149 27 . . . 5245 150 1 10 10 CD 5245 150 2 . . . 5245 151 1 Tagliacozzo Tagliacozzo NNP 5245 151 2 , , , 5245 151 3 Renata Renata NNP 5245 151 4 ; ; : 5245 151 5 Rosenberg Rosenberg NNP 5245 151 6 , , , 5245 151 7 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 5245 151 8 ; ; : 5245 151 9 Kochen Kochen NNP 5245 151 10 , , , 5245 151 11 Manfred Manfred NNP 5245 151 12 : : : 5245 151 13 Access Access NNP 5245 151 14 and and CC 5245 151 15 Recognition Recognition NNP 5245 151 16 : : : 5245 151 17 From from IN 5245 151 18 Users Users NNPS 5245 151 19 ' ' POS 5245 151 20 Data datum NNS 5245 151 21 to to IN 5245 151 22 Catalog Catalog NNP 5245 151 23 Entries Entries NNP 5245 151 24 ( ( -LRB- 5245 151 25 Ann Ann NNP 5245 151 26 Arbor Arbor NNP 5245 151 27 , , , 5245 151 28 Mich. Michigan NNP 5245 151 29 : : : 5245 151 30 The the DT 5245 151 31 University University NNP 5245 151 32 of of IN 5245 151 33 Michigan Michigan NNP 5245 151 34 , , , 5245 151 35 Mental Mental NNP 5245 151 36 Health Health NNP 5245 151 37 Research Research NNP 5245 151 38 Institute Institute NNP 5245 151 39 , , , 5245 151 40 October October NNP 5245 151 41 1969 1969 CD 5245 151 42 , , , 5245 151 43 Communication communication NN 5245 151 44 No no NN 5245 151 45 . . . 5245 152 1 257 257 CD 5245 152 2 ) ) -RRB- 5245 152 3 . . . 5245 153 1 11 11 CD 5245 153 2 . . . 5245 154 1 Jensen Jensen NNP 5245 154 2 , , , 5245 154 3 Arthur Arthur NNP 5245 154 4 R. R. NNP 5245 154 5 : : : 5245 154 6 " " `` 5245 154 7 Spelling Spelling NNP 5245 154 8 Errors Errors NNPS 5245 154 9 and and CC 5245 154 10 the the DT 5245 154 11 Serial Serial NNP 5245 154 12 - - HYPH 5245 154 13 Position Position NNP 5245 154 14 Effect Effect NNP 5245 154 15 , , , 5245 154 16 " " '' 5245 154 17 Journal Journal NNP 5245 154 18 of of IN 5245 154 19 Educational Educational NNP 5245 154 20 Psychology Psychology NNP 5245 154 21 , , , 5245 154 22 53 53 CD 5245 154 23 ( ( -LRB- 5245 154 24 June June NNP 5245 154 25 1962 1962 CD 5245 154 26 ) ) -RRB- 5245 154 27 , , , 5245 154 28 105 105 CD 5245 154 29 - - SYM 5245 154 30 109 109 CD 5245 154 31 . . . 5245 155 1 12 12 CD 5245 155 2 . . . 5245 156 1 Kooi Kooi NNP 5245 156 2 , , , 5245 156 3 Beverly Beverly NNP 5245 156 4 Y. Y. NNP 5245 156 5 ; ; : 5245 156 6 Schutz Schutz NNP 5245 156 7 , , , 5245 156 8 Richard Richard NNP 5245 156 9 E. E. NNP 5245 156 10 ; ; : 5245 156 11 Baker Baker NNP 5245 156 12 , , , 5245 156 13 Robert Robert NNP 5245 156 14 L. L. NNP 5245 156 15 : : : 5245 156 16 " " `` 5245 156 17 Spelling Spelling NNP 5245 156 18 Errors Errors NNPS 5245 156 19 and and CC 5245 156 20 the the DT 5245 156 21 Serial Serial NNP 5245 156 22 - - HYPH 5245 156 23 Position Position NNP 5245 156 24 Effect Effect NNP 5245 156 25 , , , 5245 156 26 " " '' 5245 156 27 Journal Journal NNP 5245 156 28 of of IN 5245 156 29 Educational Educational NNP 5245 156 30 Psy- Psy- NNP 5245 156 31 chology chology NN 5245 156 32 , , , 5245 156 33 56 56 CD 5245 156 34 ( ( -LRB- 5245 156 35 1965 1965 CD 5245 156 36 ) ) -RRB- 5245 156 37 , , , 5245 156 38 .334 .334 CD 5245 156 39 - - SYM 5245 156 40 336 336 CD 5245 156 41 . . .