François-René de Chateaubriand - Wikipedia François-René de Chateaubriand From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search "Chateaubriand" redirects here. For the steak dish, see Chateaubriand (dish). For other uses, see Chateaubriand (disambiguation). François-René de Chateaubriand OLH KOESSH KOSL KOHS KOSM Chateaubriand Meditating on the Ruins of Rome (ca.1810s) by Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson. Oil on canvas. French Ambassador to the Papal States In office 4 January 1828 – 8 August 1829 Appointed by Jean-Baptiste de Martignac Preceded by Adrien-Pierre de Montmorency-Laval Succeeded by Auguste de La Ferronays Minister of Foreign Affairs In office 28 December 1822 – 4 August 1824 Prime Minister Jean-Baptiste de Villèle Preceded by Mathieu de Montmorency Succeeded by Hyacinthe Maxence de Damas French Ambassador to the United Kingdom In office 22 December 1822 – 28 December 1822 Appointed by Jean-Baptiste de Villèle Preceded by Antoine de Gramont Succeeded by Jules de Polignac French Ambassador to Prussia In office 14 December 1821 – 22 December 1822 Appointed by Jean-Baptiste de Villèle Preceded by Charles-François de Bonnay Succeeded by Maximilien Gérard de Rayneval French Ambassador to Sweden In office 3 April 1814 – 26 September 1815 Appointed by Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand Member of the Académie française In office 1811–1848 Preceded by Marie-Joseph Chénier Succeeded by Paul de Noailles Personal details Born (1768-09-04)4 September 1768 Saint-Malo, Brittany, France Died 4 July 1848(1848-07-04) (aged 79) Paris, Seine, France Spouse(s) Céleste Buisson de la Vigne ​ ​ (m. 1792; her d. 1847)​ Profession Writer, translator, diplomat Military service Allegiance Kingdom of France Branch/service Armée des Émigrés Years of service 1792 Rank Private Battles/wars French Revolutionary Wars Siege of Thionville Writing career Period 19th century Genre Novel, memoir, essay Subject Religion, exoticism, existentialism Literary movement Romanticism Conservatism Notable works Atala Génie du christianisme René Mémoires d'Outre-Tombe Years active 1793–1848 French literature by category French literary history Medieval Renaissance 17th 18th 19th 20th century Contemporary French writers Chronological list Writers by category Essayists Novelists Playwrights Poets Short story writers Children's writers Portals France Literature v t e Part of a series on Conservatism Variants Cultural Fiscal Green Liberal Libertarian National Neo New Right One-nation Paleo Paternalistic Progressive Reactionary Social Traditionalist Concepts Familism Family values Private property Rule of law Communitarianism Civil Society Solidarity People Edmund Burke Joseph de Maistre Louis de Bonald François-René de Chateaubriand Samuel Taylor Coleridge Klemens von Metternich Adam Müller Benjamin Disraeli Michael Oakeshott Russell Kirk William F. Buckley George Will Roger Scruton Organizations Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe European People's Party International Democrat Union Religious conservatism Christian Democracy (in Europe) Christian right Christian fundamentalism Jewish right Islamic fundamentalism Traditionalist Catholic National variants Australia Canada China Colombia Germany Conservative Revolution State Socialism Hong Kong India New Zealand Pakistan Serbia South Korea Taiwan Turkey United Kingdom United States Related topics Aristocracy Capitalism Centre-right politics Corporatism Counter-revolutionary Fascism Liberalism Monarchism Neoliberalism Old Right (United States) Radical centrism Radical right Europe United States Reactionary Right-wing politics Toryism  Conservatism portal  Politics portal v t e François-René, vicomte de Chateaubriand[a] OLH KOESSH KOSL KOHS KOSM (1768–1848) was a French writer, politician, diplomat and historian who had a notable influence on French literature of the nineteenth century. Descended from an old aristocratic family from Brittany, Chateaubriand was a royalist by political disposition. In an age when large numbers of intellectuals turned against the Church, he authored the Génie du christianisme in defense of the Catholic faith. His works include the autobiography Mémoires d'Outre-Tombe ("Memoirs from Beyond the Grave"), published posthumously in 1849–1850. Historian Peter Gay says that Chateaubriand saw himself as the greatest lover, the greatest writer, and the greatest philosopher of his age. Gay states that Chateaubriand "dominated the literary scene in France in the first half of the nineteenth century".[2] Contents 1 Biography 1.1 Early years and exile 1.2 Journey to America 1.3 Return to France 1.4 Exile in London 1.5 Consulate and Empire 1.6 Under the Restoration 1.7 July Monarchy 2 Influence 3 Honors and memberships 4 Works 4.1 Digitized works 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 7.1 Citations 7.2 Sources 8 Further reading 8.1 In French 8.2 Primary sources 9 External links Biography[edit] Early years and exile[edit] The château de Combourg, where Chateaubriand spent his childhood Born in Saint-Malo on 4 September 1768, the last of ten children, Chateaubriand grew up at his family's castle (the château de Combourg) in Combourg, Brittany. His father, René de Chateaubriand (1718–86), was a former sea captain turned ship owner and slave trader. His mother's maiden name was Apolline de Bedée. Chateaubriand's father was a morose, uncommunicative man, and the young Chateaubriand grew up in an atmosphere of gloomy solitude, only broken by long walks in the Breton countryside and an intense friendship with his sister Lucile. His youthful solitude and wild desire produced a suicide attempt with a hunting rifle, although the weapon failed to discharge. English agriculturist and pioneering travel writer Arthur Young visited Comburg in 1788 and he described the immediate environs of the "romantic" Chateau de Combourg thusly: "SEPTEMBER 1st. To Combourg, the country has a savage aspect; husbandry not much further advanced, at least in skill, than among the Hurons, which appears incredible amidst inclosures; the people almost as wild as their country, and their town of Combourg one of the most brutal filthy places that can be seen; mud houses, no windows, and a pavement so broken, as to impede all passengers, but ease none - yet here is a chateau, and inhabited; who is this Mons. de Chateaubriant, the owner, that has nerves strung for a residence amidst such filth and poverty? Below this hideous heap of wretchedness is a fine lake..."[3] Chateaubriand was educated in Dol, Rennes and Dinan. For a time he could not make up his mind whether he wanted to be a naval officer or a priest, but at the age of seventeen, he decided on a military career and gained a commission as a second lieutenant in the French Army based at Navarre. Within two years, he had been promoted to the rank of captain. He visited Paris in 1788 where he made the acquaintance of Jean-François de La Harpe, André Chénier, Louis-Marcelin de Fontanes and other leading writers of the time. When the French Revolution broke out, Chateaubriand was initially sympathetic, but as events in Paris - and throughout the countryside (including, presumably, "wretched" "brutal" and "filthy" Combourg) - became more violent he wisely decided to journey to North America in 1791.[4] He was given the idea to leave Europe by Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes, who also encouraged him to do some botanical studies.[5] Journey to America[edit] Young Chateaubriand, by Anne-Louis Girodet (c. 1790) In Voyage en Amérique, published in 1826, Chateaubriand writes that he arrived in Philadelphia on 10 July 1791. He visited New York, Boston and Lexington, before leaving by boat on the Hudson River to reach Albany.[6] He then followed the Mohawk Trail up the Niagara Falls where he broke his arm and spent a month in recovery in the company of a Native American tribe. Chateaubriand then describes Native American tribes' customs, as well as zoological, political and economic consideration. He then says that a raid along the Ohio River, the Mississippi River, Louisiana and Florida took him back to Philadelphia, where he embarked on the Molly in November to go back to France.[6] This experience provided the setting for his exotic novels Les Natchez (written between 1793 and 1799 but published only in 1826), Atala (1801) and René (1802). His vivid, captivating descriptions of nature in the sparsely settled American Deep South were written in a style that was very innovative for the time and spearheaded what later became the Romantic movement in France. As early as 1916,[7] some scholars have cast doubt on Chateaubriand's claims that he was granted an interview with George Washington and that he actually lived for a time with the Native Americans he wrote about. Critics have questioned the veracity of entire sections of Chateaubriand's claimed travels, notably his passage through the Mississippi Valley, Louisiana and Florida. Return to France[edit] Chateaubriand returned to France in 1792 and subsequently joined the army of Royalist émigrés in Koblenz under the leadership of Louis Joseph de Bourbon, Prince of Condé. Under strong pressure from his family, he married a young aristocratic woman, also from Saint-Malo, whom he had never previously met, Céleste Buisson de la Vigne (in later life, Chateaubriand was notoriously unfaithful to her, having a series of love affairs). His military career came to an end when he was wounded at the Siege of Thionville, a major clash between Royalist troops (of which Chateaubriand was a member) and the French Revolutionary Army. Half-dead, he was taken to Jersey and exiled to England, leaving his wife behind. Exile in London[edit] Chateaubriand spent most of his exile in extreme poverty in London, scraping a living offering French lessons and doing translation work, but a stay in Suffolk (Bungay)[8] proved to be more idyllic. Here Chateaubriand fell in love with a young English woman, Charlotte Ives, but the romance ended when he was forced to reveal he was already married. During his time in Britain, Chateaubriand also became familiar with English literature. This reading, particularly of John Milton's Paradise Lost (which he later translated into French prose), had a deep influence on his own literary work. His exile forced Chateaubriand to examine the causes of the French Revolution, which had cost the lives of many of his family and friends; these reflections inspired his first work, Essai sur les Révolutions (1797). An attempt in 18th-century style to explain the French Revolution, it predated his subsequent, romantic style of writing and was largely ignored. A major turning point in Chateaubriand's life was his conversion back to the Catholic faith of his childhood around 1798. Consulate and Empire[edit] Further information: French Consulate Further information: First French Empire Chateaubriand took advantage of the amnesty issued to émigrés to return to France in May 1800 (under the French Consulate); he edited the Mercure de France. In 1802, he won fame with Génie du christianisme ("The Genius of Christianity"), an apologia for the Catholic faith which contributed to the post-revolutionary religious revival in France. It also won him the favour of Napoleon Bonaparte, who was eager to win over the Catholic Church at the time. James McMillan argues that a Europe-wide Catholic Revival emerged from the change in the cultural climate from intellectually-oriented classicism to emotionally-based Romanticism. He concludes that Chateaubriand's book: did more than any other single work to restore the credibility and prestige of Christianity in intellectual circles and launched a fashionable rediscovery of the Middle Ages and their Christian civilisation. The revival was by no means confined to an intellectual elite, however, but was evident in the real, if uneven, rechristianisation of the French countryside.[9] Appointed secretary of the legation to the Holy See by Napoleon, he accompanied Cardinal Fesch to Rome. But the two men soon quarrelled and Chateaubriand was nominated as minister to Valais (in Switzerland). He resigned his post in disgust after Napoleon ordered the execution in 1804 of Louis XVI's cousin, Louis-Antoine-Henri de Bourbon-Condé, duc d'Enghien. Chateaubriand was, after his resignation, completely dependent on his literary efforts. However, and quite unexpectedly, he received a large sum of money from the Russian Tsarina Elizabeth Alexeievna. She had seen him as a defender of Christianity and thus worthy of her royal support. Chateaubriand used his new-found wealth in 1806 to visit Greece, Asia Minor, Palestine, Egypt, Tunisia, and Spain. The notes he made on his travels later formed part of a prose epic, Les Martyrs, set during the Roman persecution of early Christianity. His notes also furnished a running account of the trip itself, published in 1811 as the Itinéraire de Paris à Jérusalem (Itinerary from Paris to Jerusalem). The Spanish stage of the journey inspired a third novella, Les aventures du dernier Abencérage (The Adventures of the Last Abencerrage), which appeared in 1826. On his return to France at the end of 1806, he published a severe criticism of Napoleon, comparing him to Nero and predicting the emergence of a new Tacitus. Napoleon famously threatened to have Chateaubriand sabred on the steps of the Tuileries Palace for it, but settled for merely banishing him from the city.[10] Chateaubriand therefore retired, in 1807, to a modest estate he called Vallée-aux-Loups ("Wolf Valley"), in Châtenay-Malabry, 11 km (6.8 mi) south of central Paris, where he lived until 1817. Here he finished Les Martyrs, which appeared in 1809, and began the first drafts of his Mémoires d’Outre-Tombe. He was elected to the Académie française in 1811, but, given his plan to infuse his acceptance speech with criticism of the Revolution, he could not occupy his seat until after the Bourbon Restoration. His literary friends during this period included Madame de Staël, Joseph Joubert and Pierre-Simon Ballanche. Under the Restoration[edit] Further information: Bourbon Restoration Chateaubriand as a Peer of France (1828) Chateaubriand became a major figure in politics as well as literature. At first he was a strong Royalist in the period up to 1824. His liberal phase lasted from 1824 to 1830. After that he was much less active. After the fall of Napoleon, Chateaubriand rallied to the Bourbons. On 30 March 1814, he wrote a pamphlet against Napoleon, titled De Buonaparte et des Bourbons, of which thousands of copies were published. He then followed Louis XVIII into exile to Ghent during the Hundred Days (March–July 1815), and was nominated ambassador to Sweden. After Napoleon's final defeat in the Battle of Waterloo (of which he heard the distant cannon rumblings outside Ghent), Chateaubriand became peer of France and state minister (1815). In December 1815 he voted for Marshal Ney's execution. However, his criticism of King Louis XVIII in La Monarchie selon la Charte, after the Chambre introuvable was dissolved, resulted in his disgrace. He lost his function of state minister, and joined the opposition, siding with the Ultra-royalist group supporting the future Charles X, and becoming one of the main writers of its mouthpiece, Le Conservateur. Chateaubriand sided again with the Court after the murder of the Duc de Berry (1820), writing for the occasion the Mémoires sur la vie et la mort du duc. He then served as ambassador to Prussia (1821) and the United Kingdom (1822), and even rose to the office of Minister of Foreign Affairs (28 December 1822 – 4 August 1824). A plenipotentiary to the Congress of Verona (1822), he decided in favor of the Quintuple Alliance's intervention in Spain during the Trienio Liberal, despite opposition from the Duke of Wellington. Chateaubriand was soon relieved of his office by Prime Minister Joseph de Villèle on 5 June 1824, over his objections to a law the latter proposed that would have resulted in the widening of the electorate. Chateaubriand was subsequently appointed French ambassador to Genoa.[11] Consequently, he moved towards the liberal opposition, both as a Peer and as a contributor to Journal des Débats (his articles there gave the signal of the paper's similar switch, which, however, was more moderate than Le National, directed by Adolphe Thiers and Armand Carrel). Opposing Villèle, he became highly popular as a defender of press freedom and the cause of Greek independence. After Villèle's downfall, Charles X appointed Chateaubriand ambassador to the Holy See in 1828, but he resigned upon the accession of the Prince de Polignac as premier (November 1829). In 1830, he donated a monument to the French painter Nicolas Poussin in the church of San Lorenzo in Lucina in Rome. July Monarchy[edit] Further information: July Monarchy His last home, 120 rue du Bac, where Chateaubriand had an apartment on the ground floor In 1830, after the July Revolution, his refusal to swear allegiance to the new House of Orléans king Louis-Philippe put an end to his political career. He withdrew from political life to write his Mémoires d'Outre-Tombe ("Memoirs from Beyond the Grave"), published posthumously in two volumes in 1849–1850. It reflects his growing pessimism regarding the future. Although his contemporaries celebrated the present and future as an extension of the past, Chateaubriand and the new Romanticists couldn’t share their nostalgic outlook. Instead he foresaw chaos, discontinuity, and disaster. His diaries and letters often focused on the upheavals he could see every day — abuses of power, excesses of daily life, and disasters yet to come. His melancholy tone suggested astonishment, surrender, betrayal, and bitterness.[12][13] His Études historiques was an introduction to a projected History of France. He became a harsh critic of the "bourgeois king" Louis-Philippe and the July Monarchy, and his planned volume on the arrest of Marie-Caroline, duchesse de Berry caused him to be (unsuccessfully) prosecuted. Chateaubriand, along with other Catholic traditionalists such as Ballanche or, on the other side of the political divide, the socialist and republican Pierre Leroux, was one of the few men of his time who attempted to conciliate the three terms of Liberté, égalité and fraternité, going beyond the antagonism between liberals and socialists as to what interpretation to give the seemingly contradictory terms.[14] Chateaubriand thus gave a Christian interpretation of the revolutionary motto, stating in the 1841 conclusion to his Mémoires d'Outre-Tombe: Far from being at its term, the religion of the Liberator is now only just entering its third phase, the political period, liberty, equality, fraternity.[14][15] In his final years, he lived as a recluse in an apartment at 120 rue du Bac, Paris, leaving his house only to pay visits to Juliette Récamier in Abbaye-aux-Bois. His final work, Vie de Rancé, was written at the suggestion of his confessor and published in 1844. It is a biography of Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé, a worldly seventeenth-century French aristocrat who withdrew from society to become the founder of the Trappist order of monks. The parallels with Chateaubriand's own life are striking. As late as 1845-1847, he also kept revising Mémoires d’Outre-Tombe, particularly the earlier sections, as evidenced by the revision dates on the manuscript. Chateaubriand died in Paris on 4 July 1848, in the midst of the Revolution of 1848, in the arms of his dear friend Juliette Récamier,[16] and was buried, as he had requested, on the tidal island Grand Bé near Saint-Malo, accessible only when the tide is out. Influence[edit] His descriptions of Nature and his analysis of emotion made him the model for a generation of Romantic writers, not only in France but also abroad. For example, Lord Byron was deeply impressed by René. The young Victor Hugo scribbled in a notebook, "To be Chateaubriand or nothing." Even his enemies found it hard to avoid his influence. Stendhal, who despised him for political reasons, made use of his psychological analyses in his own book, De l'amour. Chateaubriand was the first to define the vague des passions ("intimations of passion") that later became a commonplace of Romanticism: "One inhabits, with a full heart, an empty world" (Génie du Christianisme). His political thought and actions seem to offer numerous contradictions: he wanted to be the friend both of legitimist royalty and of republicans, alternately defending whichever of the two seemed more in danger: "I am a Bourbonist out of honour, a monarchist out of reason, and a republican out of taste and temperament". He was the first of a series of French men of letters (Lamartine, Victor Hugo, André Malraux, Paul Claudel) who tried to mix political and literary careers. "We are convinced that the great writers have told their own story in their works", wrote Chateaubriand in Génie du christianisme. "One only truly describes one's own heart by attributing it to another, and the greater part of genius is composed of memories". This is certainly true of Chateaubriand himself. All his works have strong autobiographical elements, overt or disguised. George Brandes, in 1901, compared the works of Chateaubriand to those of Rousseau and others: The year 1800 was the first to produce a book bearing the imprint of the new era, a work small in size, but great in significance and mighty in the impression it made. Atala took the French public by storm in a way which no book had done since the days of Paul and Virginia. It was a romance of the plains and mysterious forests of North America, with a strong, strange aroma of the untilled soil from which it sprang; it glowed with rich foreign colouring, and with the fiercer glow of consuming passion.[17] Chateaubriand was a food enthusiast; Chateaubriand steak is most likely to have been named after him.[18] Honors and memberships[edit] Chateaubriand was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1816.[19] A French school in Rome (Italy) is named after him. Works[edit] Itinéraire de Paris à Jérusalem et de Jérusalem à Paris, 1821 1797: Essai sur les révolutions. 1801: Atala, ou Les Amours de Deux Sauvages dans le Desert. 1802: René. 1802: Génie du christianisme. 1809: Les Martyrs. 1811: Itinéraire de Paris à Jérusalem. English translation by Frederic Shoberl, 1814. Travels in Greece, Palestine, Egypt, and Barbary, during the years 1806 and 1807. 1814: "On Buonaparte and the Bourbons", in Blum, Christopher Olaf, editor and translator, 2004. Critics of the Enlightenment. Wilmington, DE: ISI Books. 3–42. 1820: Mémoires sur la vie et la mort du duc de Berry. 1826: Les Natchez. 1826: Les Aventures du dernier Abencérage. 1827: Voyage en Amérique. 1831: Études historiques. 1833: Mémoires sur la captivité de Madame la duchesse de Berry. 1844: La Vie de Rancé. 1848–50. Mémoires d'Outre-Tombe. "Progress," in Menczer, Béla, 1962. Catholic Political Thought, 1789–1848, University of Notre Dame Press. Digitized works[edit] [Opere]. 1. Génie du Cristianisme. [Opere]. 2. Itinéraire de Paris a Jérusalem et de Jérusalem a Paris. Martyrs. Voyage en Amérique. Mélanges politiques. Polémique. Études historiques. Analyse raisonnée de l'histoire de la France. Paradise lost. Congrès de Verone. Mémoires d'outre-tombe. 1. Mémoires d'outre-tombe. 2. Mémoires d'outre-tombe. 3. Mémoires d'outre-tombe. 4. Mémoires d'outre-tombe. 5. Mémoires d'outre-tombe. 6. Dernières années de Chateaubriand. See also[edit] Biography portal Conservatism portal Chateaubriand steak Viscountcy of Chateaubriand (cr. 1817) List of Ambassadors of France to the United Kingdom Notes[edit] ^ English pronunciation: /ʃæˌtoʊbriːˈɑːn/;[1] French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa ʁəne də ʃɑtobʁijɑ̃]. References[edit] Citations[edit] ^ "Chateaubriand". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. ^ Peter Gay, "The Complete Romantic," Horizon (1966) 8#2 pp 12-19. ^ Young, Arthur (1794). Travels During the Years 1787, 1788 & 1789; Undertaken More Particularly With a View of Ascertaining the Cultivation, Wealth, Resources and National Prosperity of the Kingdom of France (Second ed.). W. Richardson, Royal Exchange, London. p. 97. ^ Nitze, William A. "Chateaubriand in America", The Dial, Vol. LXV, June–December 1918. ^ Tapié, V.-L. (1965) Chateaubriand. Seuil. ^ a b Chateaubriand, F-R. (1826) Voyage en Amérique ^ Lebègue, R. (1965) Le problème du voyage de Chateaubriand en Amérique. Journal des Savants, 1,1 from http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/jds_0021-8103_1965_num_1_1_1104 ^ "Bungay: a new book by local author Terry Reeve". iceni Post News from the North folk & South folk. 13 September 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2020. ^ James McMillan, "Catholic Christianity in France from the Restoration to the separation of church and state, 1815-1905." in Sheridan Gilley and Brian Stanley, eds., The Cambridge history of Christianity (2014) 8: 217-232 ^ Douglas Hilt, "Chateaubriand and Napoleon" History Today (Dec 1973), Vol. 23 Issue 12, pp 831-838 ^ Bernard, J.F. (1973). Talleyrand: A Biography. New York: Putnam. p. 503. ISBN 0-399-11022-4. ^ Peter Fritzsche, "Chateaubriand's Ruins: Loss and Memory after the French Revolution." History and Memory 10.2 (1998): 102-117. online ^ Peter Fritzsche, "Specters of history: On nostalgia, exile, and modernity." American Historical Review 106.5 (2001): 1587-1618. ^ a b Mona Ozouf, "Liberté, égalité, fraternité", in Lieux de Mémoire (dir. Pierre Nora), tome III, Quarto Gallimard, 1997, pp.4353–4389 (in French) (abridged translation, Realms of Memory, Columbia University Press, 1996–1998 (in English)) ^ French: "Loin d'être à son terme, la religion du Libérateur entre à peine dans sa troisième période, la période politique, liberté, égalité, fraternité. ^ https://archive.org/details/chateaubriandhis00grib/page/344/mode/2up ^ George Brandes, Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature, 1:The Emigrant Literature p. 7 ^ see the Chateaubriand steak article for discussion ^ American Antiquarian Society Members Directory Sources[edit] This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:  Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Chateaubriand, François René Auguste" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead. Marc Fumaroli, Chateaubriand: poésie et terreur, Fallois, Paris: 2004. Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "Chateaubriand, François Auguste" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton. Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "François-René de Chateaubriand" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Chateaubriand, François René" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Further reading[edit] Boorsch, Jean. "Chateaubriand and Napoleon." Yale French Studies 26 (1960): 55-62 online. Bouvier, Luke. "Death and the Scene of Inception: Autobiographical Impropriety and the Birth of Romanticism in Chateaubriand's Mémoires d'outre-tombe." French Forum (1998), vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 23-46. online Byrnes, Joseph F. "Chateaubriand and Destutt de Tracy: Defining religious and secular polarities in France at the beginning of the nineteenth century." Church History 60.3 (1991): 316-330 online. Counter, Andrew J. "A Nation of Foreigners: Chateaubriand and Repatriation." Nineteenth-Century French Studies 46.3 (2018): 285-306. online Fritzsche, Peter. "Chateaubriand's Ruins: Loss and Memory after the French Revolution." History and Memory 10.2 (1998): 102-117 online. Huet, Marie-Hélène. "Chateaubriand and the Politics of (Im) mortality." Diacritics 30.3 (2000): 28-39 online. Painter, George D. Chateaubriand: A Biography: Volume I (1768–93) The Longed-For Tempests. (1997) online review Rosenthal, Léon, and Marc Sandoz. "Chateaubriand, Francois-Auguste-Rene, Vicomte De 1768–1848." in Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760–1850 (2013): 168. Scott, Malcolm. Chateaubriand: The Paradox of Change (Peter Lang, 2015). vi + 216 pp. online review Thompson, Christopher W. French romantic travel writing: Chateaubriand to Nerval (Oxford University Press, 2012). In French[edit] Ghislain de Diesbach, Chateaubriand (Paris: Perrin, 1995). Jean-Claude Berchet, Chateaubriand (Paris: Gallimard, 2012). Primary sources[edit] de Chateaubriand, François-René. Chateaubriand's Travels in America. (University Press of Kentucky, 2015). Chateaubriand, François-René. The genius of Christianity (1884). online Chateaubriand, François-René. Travels in Greece, Palestine, Egypt and Barbary: during the years 1806 and 1807 (1814). online Chateaubriand's works were edited in 20 volumes by Sainte-Beuve, with an introductory study of his own (1859–60). External links[edit] François-René de Chateaubriandat Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Wikimedia Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Resources from Wikiversity Works by François-René de Chateaubriand at Project Gutenberg Works by or about François-René de Chateaubriand at Internet Archive Works by François-René de Chateaubriand at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) Maison de Chateaubriand à la Vallée-aux-Loups (in French) Atala, René, Le Dernier Abencerage at athena.unige.ch (in French) Works in digital reading (in English) Mémoires d'Outre-Tombe at Poetry in Translation: a complete English translation of the Memoirs by A. S. Kline, with a hyper-linked in-depth index and over 600 illustrations of the people, places and events of Chateaubriand's life. Retrieved 27 August 2015. (in French) Complete works v t e Académie française seat 19 François de Porchères d'Arbaud (1634) Olivier Patru (1640) Nicolas Potier de Novion (1681) Philippe Goibaut (1693) Charles Boileau (1694) Gaspard Abeille (1704) Nicolas-Hubert de Mongault (1718) Charles Pinot Duclos (1746) Nicolas Beauzée (1772) Jean-Jacques Barthélemy (1789) Marie-Joseph Chénier (1803) François-René de Chateaubriand (1811) Paul, 6th duc de Noailles (1849) Édouard Hervé (1886) Paul Deschanel (1899) Auguste Jonnart (1923) Maurice Paléologue (1928) Charles de Chambrun (1946) Fernand Gregh (1953) René Clair (1960) Pierre Moinot (1982) Jean-Loup Dabadie (2008) v t e French Revolution Causes Timeline Ancien Régime Revolution Constitutional monarchy Republic Directory Consulate Glossary Journals Museum Significant civil and political events by year 1788 Day of the Tiles (7 Jun 1788) Assembly of Vizille (21 Jul 1788) 1789 What Is the Third Estate? (Jan 1789) Réveillon riots (28 Apr 1789) Convocation of the Estates General (5 May 1789) Death of the Dauphin (4 June 1789) National Assembly (17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790) Tennis Court Oath (20 Jun 1789) National Constituent Assembly (9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791) Storming of the Bastille (14 Jul 1789) Great Fear (20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789) Abolition of Feudalism (4-11 Aug 1789) Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (27 Aug 1789) Women's March on Versailles (5 Oct 1789) 1790 Abolition of the Parlements (Feb–Jul 1790) Abolition of the Nobility (19 Jun 1790) Civil Constitution of the Clergy (12 Jul 1790) Fête de la Fédération (14 Jul 1790) 1791 Flight to Varennes (20–21 Jun 1791) Champ de Mars massacre (17 Jul 1791) Declaration of Pillnitz (27 Aug 1791) The Constitution of 1791 (3 Sep 1791) National Legislative Assembly (1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792) 1792 France declares war (20 Apr 1792) Brunswick Manifesto (25 Jul 1792) Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary (Jun 1792) 10th of August (10 Aug 1792) September Massacres (Sep 1792) National Convention (20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795) First republic declared (22 Sep 1792) 1793 Execution of Louis XVI (21 Jan 1793) Revolutionary Tribunal (9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795) Reign of Terror (27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794) Committee of Public Safety Committee of General Security Fall of the Girondists (2 Jun 1793) Assassination of Marat (13 Jul 1793) Levée en masse (23 Aug 1793) The Death of Marat (painting) Law of Suspects (17 Sep 1793) Marie Antoinette is guillotined (16 Oct 1793) Anti-clerical laws (throughout the year) 1794 Danton and Desmoulins guillotined (5 Apr 1794) Law of 22 Prairial (10 Jun 1794) Thermidorian Reaction (27 Jul 1794) Robespierre guillotined (28 Jul 1794) White Terror (Fall 1794) Closing of the Jacobin Club (11 Nov 1794) 1795–6 Constitution of the Year III (22 Aug 1795) Directoire (1795–99) Council of Five Hundred Council of Ancients 13 Vendémiaire 5 Oct 1795 Conspiracy of the Equals (May 1796) 1797 Coup of 18 Fructidor (4 Sep 1797) Second Congress of Rastatt (Dec 1797) 1799 Coup of 30 Prairial VII (18 Jun 1799) Coup of 18 Brumaire (9 Nov 1799) Constitution of the Year VIII (24 Dec 1799) Consulate Revolutionary campaigns 1792 Verdun Thionville Valmy Royalist Revolts Chouannerie Vendée Dauphiné Lille Siege of Mainz Jemappes Namur [fr] 1793 First Coalition War in the Vendée Battle of Neerwinden) Battle of Famars (23 May 1793) Expedition to Sardinia (21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793) Battle of Kaiserslautern Siege of Mainz Battle of Wattignies Battle of Hondschoote Siege of Bellegarde Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees) Siege of Toulon (18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793) First Battle of Wissembourg (13 Oct 1793) Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees) Second Battle of Wissembourg (26–27 Dec 1793) 1794 Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies (24 Apr 1794) Second Battle of Boulou (Pyrenees) (30 Apr – 1 May 1794) Battle of Tourcoing (18 May 1794) Battle of Tournay (22 May 1794) Battle of Fleurus (26 Jun 1794) Chouannerie Battle of Aldenhoven (2 Oct 1794) 1795 Peace of Basel 1796 Battle of Lonato (3–4 Aug 1796) Battle of Castiglione (5 Aug 1796) Battle of Theiningen Battle of Neresheim (11 Aug 1796) Battle of Amberg (24 Aug 1796) Battle of Würzburg (3 Sep 1796) Battle of Rovereto (4 Sep 1796) First Battle of Bassano (8 Sep 1796) Battle of Emmendingen (19 Oct 1796) Battle of Schliengen (26 Oct 1796) Second Battle of Bassano (6 Nov 1796) Battle of Calliano (6–7 Nov 1796) Battle of Arcole (15–17 Nov 1796) Ireland expedition (Dec 1796) 1797 Naval Engagement off Brittany (13 Jan 1797) Battle of Rivoli (14–15 Jan 1797) Battle of the Bay of Cádiz (25 Jan 1797) Treaty of Leoben (17 Apr 1797) Battle of Neuwied (18 Apr 1797) Treaty of Campo Formio (17 Oct 1797) 1798 French invasion of Switzerland (28 January – 17 May 1798) French Invasion of Egypt (1798–1801) Irish Rebellion of 1798 (23 May – 23 Sep 1798) Quasi-War (1798–1800) Peasants' War (12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798) 1799 Second Coalition (1798–1802) Siege of Acre (20 Mar – 21 May 1799) Battle of Ostrach (20–21 Mar 1799) Battle of Stockach (25 Mar 1799) Battle of Magnano (5 Apr 1799) Battle of Cassano (27 Apr 1799) First Battle of Zurich (4–7 Jun 1799) Battle of Trebbia (19 Jun 1799) Battle of Novi (15 Aug 1799) Second Battle of Zurich (25–26 Sep 1799) 1800 Battle of Marengo (14 Jun 1800) Convention of Alessandria (15 Jun 1800) Battle of Hohenlinden (3 Dec 1800) League of Armed Neutrality (1800–02) 1801 Treaty of Lunéville (9 Feb 1801) Treaty of Florence (18 Mar 1801) Algeciras campaign (8 Jul 1801) 1802 Treaty of Amiens (25 Mar 1802) Military leaders France French Army Eustache Charles d'Aoust Pierre Augereau Alexandre de Beauharnais Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte Louis-Alexandre Berthier Jean-Baptiste Bessières Guillaume Brune Jean François Carteaux Jean-Étienne Championnet Chapuis de Tourville Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine Louis-Nicolas Davout Louis Desaix Jacques François Dugommier Thomas-Alexandre Dumas Charles François Dumouriez Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino Louis-Charles de Flers Paul Grenier Emmanuel de Grouchy Jacques Maurice Hatry Lazare Hoche Jean-Baptiste Jourdan François Christophe de Kellermann Jean-Baptiste Kléber Pierre Choderlos de Laclos Jean Lannes Charles Leclerc Claude Lecourbe François Joseph Lefebvre Jacques MacDonald Jean-Antoine Marbot Marcellin Marbot François Séverin Marceau Auguste de Marmont André Masséna Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey Jean Victor Marie Moreau Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise Joachim Murat Michel Ney Pierre-Jacques Osten [fr] Nicolas Oudinot Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon Jean-Charles Pichegru Józef Poniatowski Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier Joseph Souham Jean-de-Dieu Soult Louis-Gabriel Suchet Belgrand de Vaubois Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno French Navy Charles-Alexandre Linois Opposition Austria József Alvinczi Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen Count of Clerfayt (Walloon) Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze (Swiss) Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth Pál Kray (Hungarian) Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc (French) Maximilian Baillet de Latour (Walloon) Karl Mack von Leiberich Rudolf Ritter von Otto (Saxon) Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló (Hungarian) Karl Philipp Sebottendorf Dagobert von Wurmser Britain Sir Ralph Abercromby James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany Netherlands William V, Prince of Orange Prussia Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen Russia Alexander Korsakov Alexander Suvorov Spain Luis Firmin de Carvajal Antonio Ricardos Other significant figures and factions Patriotic Society of 1789 Jean Sylvain Bailly Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt Isaac René Guy le Chapelier Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord Nicolas de Condorcet Feuillants and monarchiens Madame de Lamballe Madame du Barry Louis de Breteuil Loménie de Brienne Charles Alexandre de Calonne de Chateaubriand Jean Chouan Grace Elliott Arnaud de La Porte Jean-Sifrein Maury Jacques Necker François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas Antoine Barnave Lafayette Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth Charles Malo François Lameth André Chénier Jean-François Rewbell Camille Jordan Madame de Staël Boissy d'Anglas Jean-Charles Pichegru Pierre Paul Royer-Collard Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac Girondins Jacques Pierre Brissot Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière Madame Roland Father Henri Grégoire Étienne Clavière Marquis de Condorcet Charlotte Corday Marie Jean Hérault Jean Baptiste Treilhard Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve Jean Debry Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil Olympe de Gouges Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux The Plain Abbé Sieyès de Cambacérès Charles-François Lebrun Pierre-Joseph Cambon Bertrand Barère Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot Philippe Égalité Louis Philippe I Mirabeau Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville Jean Joseph Mounier Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours François de Neufchâteau Montagnards Maximilien Robespierre Georges Danton Jean-Paul Marat Camille Desmoulins Louis Antoine de Saint-Just Paul Barras Louis Philippe I Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau Jacques-Louis David Marquis de Sade Georges Couthon Roger Ducos Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois Jean-Henri Voulland Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier Jean-Pierre-André Amar Prieur de la Côte-d'Or Prieur de la Marne Gilbert Romme Jean Bon Saint-André Jean-Lambert Tallien Pierre Louis Prieur Antoine Christophe Saliceti Hébertists and Enragés Jacques Hébert Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne Pierre Gaspard Chaumette Charles-Philippe Ronsin Antoine-François Momoro François-Nicolas Vincent François Chabot Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel François Hanriot Jacques Roux Stanislas-Marie Maillard Charles-Philippe Ronsin Jean-François Varlet Theophile Leclerc Claire Lacombe Pauline Léon Gracchus Babeuf Sylvain Maréchal Others Charles X Louis XVI Louis XVII Louis XVIII Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien Louis Henri, Prince of Condé Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé Marie Antoinette Napoléon Bonaparte Lucien Bonaparte Joseph Bonaparte Joseph Fesch Empress Joséphine Joachim Murat Jean Sylvain Bailly Jacques-Donatien Le Ray Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes Talleyrand Thérésa Tallien Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target Catherine Théot List of people associated with the French Revolution Influential thinkers Les Lumières Beaumarchais Edmund Burke Anacharsis Cloots Charles-Augustin de Coulomb Pierre Claude François Daunou Diderot Benjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson Antoine Lavoisier Montesquieu Thomas Paine Jean-Jacques Rousseau Abbé Sieyès Voltaire Mary Wollstonecraft Cultural impact La Marseillaise Cockade of France Flag of France Liberté, égalité, fraternité Marianne Bastille Day Panthéon French Republican calendar Metric system Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Cult of the Supreme Being Cult of Reason Temple of Reason Sans-culottes Phrygian cap Women in the French Revolution Incroyables and merveilleuses Symbolism in the French Revolution Historiography of the French Revolution Influence of the French Revolution v t e Ministry of Joseph de Villèle (14 December 1821 to 6 December 1827) Head of state: King Louis XVIII of France − Charles X of France President of the council Jean-Baptiste de Villèle Villèle Finance Jean-Baptiste de Villèle Foreign Affairs Mathieu de Montmorency François-René de Chateaubriand Ange Hyacinthe Maxence de Damas Interior Jacques-Joseph Corbière Justice Pierre-Denis de Peyronnet Navy and Colonies Aimé, duc de Clermont-Tonnerre Christophe de Chabrol de Crouzol War Claude-Victor Perrin Ange Hyacinthe Maxence de Damas Aimé, duc de Clermont-Tonnerre King's Household Jacques Lauriston Ambroise-Polycarpe de La Rochefoucauld Religious Affairs Denis-Luc Frayssinous Minister of State Alexandre, vicomte Digeon v t e Foreign Ministers of France Ancien Régime Revol Villeroy A. J. Richelieu Sillery R. Phélypeaux Bouthillier Chavigny Brienne Lionne Pomponne Croissy Torcy Huxelles Dubois Morville Chauvelin Chaillou Noailles Argenson Puisieulx Saint-Contest Rouillé Bernis E. Choiseul C. Choiseul E. Choiseul L. Phélypeaux Aiguillon Bertin Vergennes Montmorin Vauguyon Montmorin Lessart Dumouriez Naillac Chambonas Dubouchage Sainte-Croix First Republic Lebrun-Tondu Deforgues Goujon Herman Delacroix Talleyrand Reinhard Talleyrand First Empire Talleyrand Champagny Bassano Caulaincourt First Restoration Laforest Talleyrand Hundred Days Caulaincourt Bignon Second Restoration Talleyrand A. E. Richelieu Dessolles Pasquier M. Montmorency Chateaubriand Damas La Ferronays Montmorency-Laval Portalis Polignac Mortemart July Monarchy Bignon Jourdan Molé Maison Sébastiani V. Broglie Rigny Bresson Rigny V. Broglie Thiers Molé Montebello Soult Thiers Guizot Second Republic Lamartine Bastide Bedeau Bastide Drouyn de Lhuys Tocqueville Rayneval La Hitte Drouyn de Lhuys Brénier Baroche Turgot Drouyn de Lhuys Second Empire Drouyn de Lhuys Walewski Baroche Thouvenel Drouyn de Lhuys La Valette Moustier La Valette La Tour Auvergne Daru Ollivier Gramont La Tour d'Auvergne Third Republic Favre Rémusat A. Broglie Decazes Banneville Waddington Freycinet Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire Gambetta Freycinet Duclerc Fallières Challemel-Lacour Ferry Freycinet Flourens Goblet Spuller Ribot Develle Casimir-Perier Hanotaux Berthelot Bourgeois Hanotaux Delcassé Rouvier Bourgeois Pichon Cruppi Selves Poincaré Jonnart Pichon Doumergue Bourgeois Viviani Doumergue Delcassé Viviani Briand Ribot Barthou Pichon Millerand Leygues Briand Poincaré Lefebvre Herriot Briand Herriot Briand Laval Tardieu Herriot Paul-Boncour Daladier Barthou Laval Flandin Delbos Paul-Boncour Bonnet Daladier Reynaud Daladier Reynaud Baudouin Vichy France Baudouin Laval Flandin Darlan Laval Provisional Government Bidault Blum Fourth Republic Bidault Schuman Bidault Mendès France Faure Pinay Pineau Pleven Couve de Murville Fifth Republic Couve de Murville Debré Schumann Bettencourt Jobert Sauvagnargues Guiringaud François-Poncet Cheysson Dumas Raimond Dumas Juppé Charette Védrine Villepin Barnier Douste-Blazy Kouchner Alliot-Marie Juppé Fabius Ayrault Le Drian v t e Romanticism Countries Denmark England (literature) France (literature) Germany Norway Poland Russia (literature) Scotland Spain (literature) Sweden (literature) Movements Bohemianism Coppet group Counter-Enlightenment Dark romanticism Düsseldorf School Gesamtkunstwerk Gothic fiction Gothic Revival (architecture) Hudson River School Indianism Jena Romanticism Lake Poets Nazarene movement Ossian Romantic hero Romanticism and Bacon Romanticism in science Romantic nationalism Romantic poetry Opium and Romanticism Transcendentalism Ultra-Romanticism Wallenrodism Writers Abovian Abreu Alencar Alfieri Alves Andersen A. v. Arnim B. v. Arnim Azevedo Baratashvili Baratynsky Barbauld (Aikin) Batyushkov Baudelaire Bécquer Beer Bertrand Blake Botev Brentano Bryant Burns Byron Castelo Branco Castilho Chateaubriand Chavchavadze Clare Coleridge Cooper De Quincey Dias Dumas Eichendorff Emerson Eminescu Espronceda Fouqué Foscolo Frashëri Fredro Freire Garrett Gautier Goethe Grimm Brothers Günderrode Gutiérrez Gutzkow Hauff Hawthorne Heine Heliade Herculano Hoffmann Hölderlin Hugo Kostić Irving Isaacs Jakšić Jean Paul Karamzin Keats Kleist Krasiński Küchelbecker Lamartine Landor Lenau Leopardi Lermontov Longfellow Lowell Macedonski Macedo Mácha Magalhães Malczewski Manzoni Maturin Mérimée Mickiewicz Mörike Musset Nalbandian Nerval Njegoš Nodier Norwid Novalis Oehlenschläger O'Neddy Orbeliani Poe Polidori Potocki Prešeren Pushkin Raffi Saavedra Sand Schiller Schwab Scott Seward M. Shelley P. B. Shelley Shevchenko Słowacki Southey De Staël Stendhal Tieck Tyutchev Uhland Varela Vörösmarty Vyazemsky Wordsworth Zhukovsky Zorrilla Music Adam Alkan Auber Beethoven Bellini Bennett Berlioz Bertin Berwald Busoni Brahms Bruch Bruckner Cherubini Chopin Czerny Félicien David Ferdinand David Donizetti Dvořák Elgar Fauré Field Franck Franz Glinka Grieg Gomis Halévy Hummel Joachim Kalkbrenner Liszt Loewe Mahler Marschner Masarnau Medtner Méhul Fanny Mendelssohn Felix Mendelssohn Méreaux Meyerbeer Moniuszko Moscheles Moszkowski Mussorgsky Niedermeyer Onslow Paganini Paderewski Prudent Rachmaninoff Reicha Rimsky-Korsakov Rossini Rubinstein Saint-Saëns Schubert Clara Schumann Robert Schumann Scriabin Sibelius Smetana Sor Spohr Spontini Richard Strauss Tchaikovsky Thalberg Verdi Voříšek Wagner Weber Wolf Theologians and philosophers Barante Belinsky Berchet Chaadayev Coleridge Constant Díaz Emerson Feuerbach Fichte Goethe Hazlitt Hegel Hunt Khomyakov Lamennais Larra Mazzini Michelet Müller Pellico Quinet Ritschl Rousseau Schiller A. Schlegel F. Schlegel Schleiermacher Senancour De Staël Tieck Wackenroder Visual artists Aivazovsky Bierstadt Blake Bonington Bryullov Chassériau Church Constable Cole Corot Dahl David d'Angers Delacroix Friedrich Fuseli Géricault Girodet Głowacki Goya Gude Hayez Janmot Jones Kiprensky Koch Lampi Leutze Loutherbourg Maison Martin Michałowski Palmer Porto-Alegre Préault Révoil Richard Rude Runge Saleh Scheffer Stattler Stroj Tidemand Todorović Tropinin Turner Veit Ward Wiertz Related topics German idealism Historical fiction Mal du siècle Medievalism Neo-romanticism Preromanticism Post-romanticism Sturm und Drang  « Age of Enlightenment Realism »  Authority control BIBSYS: 1498562808354 BNE: XX837764 BNF: cb11896324t (data) CANTIC: a10434963 CiNii: DA00347427 GND: 118520237 HDS: 041446 ICCU: IT\ICCU\CFIV\005341 ISNI: 0000 0001 2119 2089 LCCN: n80038427 LNB: 000115873 Léonore: LH/502/50 MBA: 7f23ea3f-1784-4ea7-beba-afbef095a629 NDL: 00435798 NKC: ola2002112613 NLA: 35932083 NLG: 115567 NLI: 000030958 NLK: KAC199604888 NSK: 000011411 NTA: 068598289 PLWABN: 9810675953905606 RERO: 02-A000034496 SELIBR: 181448 SNAC: w6qv3mjq SUDOC: 026782022 Trove: 1151780 ULAN: 500218565 VcBA: 495/30559 VIAF: 7388218 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n80038427 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=François-René_de_Chateaubriand&oldid=994535125" Categories: 1768 births 1848 deaths 18th-century French writers 18th-century male writers 19th-century French novelists Anti-natalists Breton writers Christian apologists Conservatism in France Coppet group French counter-revolutionaries French diplomats French Foreign Ministers French historians French journalists French literary critics French memoirists French monarchists French people of Breton descent French philhellenes French political writers French Roman Catholics French travel writers French Ultra-royalists Historians of the French Revolution Members of the Chamber of Peers of the Bourbon Restoration Literary peers Knights of Malta 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links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikisource Languages Afrikaans العربية تۆرکجه Беларуская Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎ Български Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Italiano עברית ქართული Қазақша Kreyòl ayisyen Latina Lëtzebuergesch Magyar Македонски مصرى Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Piemontèis Polski Português Română Русский Scots Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 吴语 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 16 December 2020, at 06:01 (UTC). 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