James Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale - Wikipedia James Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search The Earl of Lauderdale Earl of Lauderdale Reign 17 August 1789 – 10 September 1839 Predecessor James Maitland, 7th Earl of Lauderdale Successor James Maitland, 9th Earl of Lauderdale Born (1759-01-26)26 January 1759 Died 10 September 1839(1839-09-10) (aged 80) Spouse(s) Eleanor Todd Issue 10 Father James Maitland, 7th Earl of Lauderdale James Maitland by Joseph Nollekens The Maitland tomb, St Mary's Church, Haddington James Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale KT PC (26 January 1759 – 10 September 1839) was Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland and a representative peer for Scotland in the House of Lords. Contents 1 Early years 2 Parliamentary career 3 French Revolution 4 New peerage 5 Napoleonic treaty 6 Banner dispute 7 Writings 8 Death 9 Family 10 Works 11 References 12 External links Early years[edit] Born at Haltoun House near Ratho, the eldest son and heir of James Maitland, 7th Earl of Lauderdale, whom he succeeded in 1789, he became a controversial Scottish politician and writer. His tutor had been the learned Dr. Andrew Dalzell and James Maitland then attended the universities of Edinburgh and Glasgow, completing his education in Paris where, it is said, he became radicalised. Parliamentary career[edit] Upon his return home in 1780, he was admitted a member of the Faculty of Advocates and successfully stood for election to parliament the same year. From 1780 until 1784 he was a member of parliament representing Newport and from 1784 to 1789, Malmesbury. In the House of Commons he supported the prominent Whig Charles Fox and took an active part in debate and was one of the managers of the Impeachment of Warren Hastings. From 1789, in the House of Lords, where he was a representative peer for Scotland, he was prominent as an opponent of the policy of William Pitt the Younger and the English government with regard to France. He was a frequent speaker and also distinguished himself by his active opposition to the Habeas Corpus Suspension Act, the Sedition Bill, and other measures. Upon the outbreak of the French Revolution, of which he was thought to be in sympathy, he ostentatiously appeared in the house in the rough costume of Jacobinism. In July 1792, he fought a bloodless duel with Benedict Arnold after impugning Arnold's honour in the House of Lords.[1] French Revolution[edit] In 1792, in the company of John Moore, Lord Lauderdale travelled again to France. The attack on the Tuileries and the imprisonment of King Louis XVI of France, took place three days after the earl's arrival in the French capital. After the massacres of 2 September, the British ambassador having left Paris, the earl left Paris on the 4th for Calais. However, he returned to Paris the following month and did not leave for London until 5 December. Upon his return from France/ he published a Journal during the residence in France from the beginning of August to the middle of December 1792. According to antiquarian Andrew Thomson, "James Maitland 8th Earl of Lauderdale was known as 'Citizen Maitland'. An extremist, he was in Paris during the French Revolution and was a personal friend of Jean-Paul Marat. He rarely visited Scotland." The earl had helped to found the British Society of the Friends of the People in 1792. New peerage[edit] Upon the formation of the Grenville administration in February 1806, Lauderdale was made a peer of the United Kingdom as Baron Lauderdale of Thirlestane and sworn a member of the Privy Council. For a short time from July 1806 he was keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland. Napoleonic treaty[edit] On 2 August 1806 the earl, fully fluent in French, departed for France, invested with full powers to conclude peace, the negotiations for which had been for several weeks carried on by the Earl of Yarmouth. Arriving on the 5th he and Yarmouth set about the arduous task of treating with Napoleon and Tallyrand. Yarmouth was recalled on the 14th and Lauderdale was left alone. Following the renewal of hostilities he left Paris for London on 9 October. A full account of the progress and termination of the negotiations appeared in the London Gazette of 21 October 1806. After acting as the leader of the Whigs in Scotland, Lauderdale became a Tory and voted against the Reform Bill of 1832. Lord Lauderdale was made a Privy Counsellor in 1806 and a Knight of the Thistle in 1821. Banner dispute[edit] In 1672 on the death of the Earl of Dundee, the Duke of Lauderdale was appointed Hereditary Bearer for the Sovereign of the Standard of Scotland, and this right was retained by his heirs until 1910. In 1790, James Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale matriculated arms in the character of Hereditary Bearer for the Sovereign of the Standard of Scotland and Hereditary Bearer for the Sovereign of the National Flag of Scotland. In 1952 after a meeting with the Earls of Lauderdale and Dundee the Lord Lyon advised the Queen to confirm the Earl of Lauderdale's right to bear the saltire as the Bearer of the National Flag of Scotland, and to confirm that the Earl of Dundee as the Bearer of the Royal Banner bears the Royal Standard of the lion rampant. Writings[edit] Inquiry into the nature and origin of public wealth, 1819 Maitland wrote an Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Public Wealth (1804 and 1819), in which he introduced the concept that has come to be known as the "Lauderdale Paradox": there is an inverse correlation between public wealth and private wealth; an increase in the one can only come at the cost of a decrease in the other.[2] This work, which was translated into French and Italian, produced a controversy between the author and Lord Brougham; The Depreciation of the Paper-currency of Great Britain Proved (1812); and other writings of a similar nature. The "Inquiry" was the first work to draw attention to the economic consequences of a budget surplus or deficit and its influence on the expansion or contraction of the economy, and was thus the basis of the later Keynesian economic theories which are now widely applied. Death[edit] He died at Thirlestane Castle, near Lauder, Berwickshire, at 80. He is buried in the Maitland vault, also called the Lauderdale Aisle, at St Mary's Collegiate Church, Haddington. Family[edit] Eleanor Todd, Countess of Lauderdale, painted by Angelica Kauffmann He married on 15 August 1782, Eleanor Todd (1762–1856), only daughter and heiress of Anthony Todd, Secretary of the General Post Office. They had ten children : Lady Eleanor, married James Balfour (parents of James Maitland Balfour MP, and grandparents of Prime Minister Arthur Balfour) Lady Mary, married Edward Stanley of Cross Hall, near Ormskirk. Mother of Edward Stanley MP. Lady Julia, married in 1823 Sir John Warrender, 5th Baronet (1786–1867) James Maitland, 9th Earl of Lauderdale (1784–1860) Admiral Sir Anthony Maitland, 10th Earl of Lauderdale (1785–1863) Five other sons. None of his seven sons were married. Works[edit] An Inquiry into The Nature and Origin of Public Wealth and into the Means and Causes of its Increase 1804 (second edition 1819) References[edit] Anderson, William, The Scottish Nation, Edinburgh, 1867, vol.i, p. 637–638. Lauder & Lauderdale, by Andrew Thomson, FSA (Scot), Galashiels, 1902. Barker, George Fisher Russell (1893). "Maitland, James" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. 35. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 355–357. Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages [self-published source][better source needed] ^ Fahey, Curtis (1983). "Arnold, Benedict". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. V (1801–1820) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press. Retrieved 9 December 2007. ^ Clark, Brett; Foster, John Bellamy (2010). "Marx's Ecology in the 21st Century" (PDF). World Review of Political Economy. 1 (1): 142. External links[edit] Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Earl of Lauderdale Book Collection Parliament of Great Britain Preceded by John Frederick Richard Bull Member of Parliament for Newport 1780 – 1784 With: John Coghill Succeeded by Sir John Coghill, Bt Sir John Riggs-Miller, Bt Preceded by John Calvert Viscount Fairford Member of Parliament for Malmesbury 1784–1789 With: The Viscount Melbourne Succeeded by The Viscount Melbourne Paul Benfield Political offices Preceded by Alexander Gordon Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland 1806–1807 Succeeded by Alexander Gordon Peerage of Scotland Preceded by James Maitland Earl of Lauderdale 1789–1839 Succeeded by James Maitland Peerage of Great Britain New creation Baron Lauderdale of Thirlestane 1806–1839 Succeeded by James Maitland v t e Classical economists Francis Hutcheson Bernard Mandeville David Hume Adam Smith Jean-Baptiste Say Thomas Malthus James Mill Francis Place David Ricardo Henry Thornton John Ramsay McCulloch James Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale Jeremy Bentham Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi Johann Heinrich von Thünen John Stuart Mill Nassau William Senior Edward Gibbon Wakefield Frédéric Bastiat Thomas Tooke Robert Torrens v t e Schools of economic thought Pre-modern Ancient schools Medieval Islamic Scholasticism Modern era Early modern Cameralism Mercantilism Physiocrats School of Salamanca Late modern American (National) Anarchist Mutualism Austrian Birmingham Classical Ricardian English historical French Liberal Georgism German historical Malthusian Marginalism Marxian Neoclassical Lausanne Socialist Contemporary (20th and 21st centuries) Behavioral Buddhist Capability approach Carnegie Chartalism Modern Monetary Theory Chicago Constitutional Disequilibrium Ecological Evolutionary Feminist Freiburg Institutional Keynesian Neo- (neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis) New Post- Circuitism Monetarism (Market) Neo-Malthusian Neo-Marxian Neo-Ricardian Neoliberalism New classical Rational expectations theory Real business-cycle theory New institutional New neoclassical synthesis Organizational Public choice Regulation Saltwater/freshwater Stockholm Structuralist Supply-side Thermoeconomics Virginia Social credit Related History of economic thought History of macroeconomic thought Economics Political economy Mainstream economics Heterodox economics Post-autistic economics Degrowth World-systems theory Economic systems Authority control BNE: XX1762116 BNF: cb12280123c (data) GND: 100182933 ISNI: 0000 0001 2281 9218 LCCN: n86135321 NTA: 081548109 PLWABN: 9810663090505606 SNAC: w6wd4jsg SUDOC: 085906964 Trove: 1175271 VIAF: 74192558 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n86135321 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Maitland,_8th_Earl_of_Lauderdale&oldid=995241607" Categories: 1759 births 1839 deaths People from Edinburgh Keepers of the Great Seal of Scotland Scottish representative peers Earls of Lauderdale Knights of the Thistle Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom Members of the Faculty of Advocates British MPs 1780–1784 British MPs 1784–1790 Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for constituencies in Cornwall Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France British duellists Classical economists Hidden categories: CS1: long volume value EngvarB from November 2018 Use dmy dates from November 2018 Articles incorporating Cite DNB template All articles lacking reliable references Articles lacking reliable references from February 2012 Wikipedia articles incorporating an LRPP template without an unnamed parameter Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages Deutsch Esperanto Français Italiano Русский Svenska Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 19 December 2020, at 23:54 (UTC). 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