Bernard Bailyn - Wikipedia Bernard Bailyn From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search American historian Bernard Bailyn Born (1922-09-09)September 9, 1922 Hartford, Connecticut, U.S. Died August 7, 2020(2020-08-07) (aged 97) Belmont, Massachusetts, U.S. Nationality American Alma mater Williams College Harvard University Awards Pulitzer Prize for History (1968, 1987) Golden Plate Award (1988)[1] Bancroft Prize (1968) Scientific career Fields American history Institutions Harvard University Doctoral students Gordon S. Wood, Pauline Maier Bernard Bailyn (September 9, 1922 – August 7, 2020) was an American historian, author, and academic specializing in U.S. Colonial and Revolutionary-era History. He was a professor at Harvard University from 1953. Bailyn won the Pulitzer Prize for History twice (in 1968 and 1987).[2] In 1998 the National Endowment for the Humanities selected him for the Jefferson Lecture.[3] He was a recipient of the 2010 National Humanities Medal. He specialized in American colonial and revolutionary-era history, looking at merchants, demographic trends, Loyalists, international links across the Atlantic, and especially the political ideas that motivated the Patriots. He was best known for studies of republicanism and Atlantic history that transformed the scholarship in those fields.[4] He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1963.[5] Contents 1 Education 2 History books 3 Major themes and ideas 4 Social history 5 Atlantic history 6 Personal life 7 Students 8 Bibliography 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links Education[edit] Bailyn was born in Hartford, Connecticut in 1922, the son of Esther (Schloss) and Charles Manuel Bailyn.[6] His family was Jewish. Bailyn earned his bachelor's degree from Williams College in 1945 and in 1953 earned his Ph.D from Harvard University. He was associated with Harvard for the rest of his life. As a graduate student at Harvard, he studied under Perry Miller, Samuel Eliot Morison, and Oscar Handlin. He was made a full professor in 1961, and professor emeritus in 1993. In 1979, he received an honorary doctorate from Grinnell College in Grinnell, Iowa.[7] History books[edit] Bernard Bailyn was the editor of Pamphlets of the American Revolution, the first volume of which, published in 1965, was awarded the Faculty Prize of the Harvard University Press for that year, and editor of The Apologia of Robert Keayne (1965) and the two-volume Debate on the Constitution (1993). He co-authored The Great Republic (1977), an American history textbook; and was co-editor of The Intellectual Migration, Europe and America, 1930–1960 (1969), Law in American History (1972), The Press and the American Revolution (1980), and Strangers within the Realm: Cultural Margins of the First British Empire. Major themes and ideas[edit] Bailyn's dissertation and first publications dealt with New England merchants. He argued that international commerce was an uncertain business, given the high risk of losses at sea in the very long turnaround times meant that information was often too old to be useful. Merchants reduced the uncertainty by pooling their resources, especially with marriages to other merchant families, and placing their kinfolk as trusted agents in London and other foreign ports. International commerce became a chief means of growing rich in colonial Massachusetts. However, there was an ongoing tension between the entrepreneurial spirit on the one hand and traditional Puritan culture on the other. The world of merchants became an engine of social change, undermining the isolationism, scholasticism, and religious zeal of the Puritan leadership. Bailyn pointed the younger generation of historians away from Puritan theology and toward broader social and economic forces. Bailyn expanded his research to the social structure of Virginia, showing how its leadership class was transformed in the 1660s. Like Edmund Morgan at Brown University and Yale, Bailyn emphasized the multiple roles of the family in the colonial social system.[8] Bailyn is known for meticulous research and for interpretations that sometimes challenge the conventional wisdom, especially those dealing with the causes and effects of the American Revolution. In his most influential work, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution, Bailyn analyzed pre-Revolutionary political pamphlets to show that colonists believed the British intended to establish a tyrannical state that would abridge the historical British rights. He thus argued that the Revolutionary rhetoric of liberty and freedom was not simply propagandistic but rather central to their understanding of the situation. This evidence was used to displace Charles A. Beard's theory, then the dominant understanding of the American Revolution, that the American Revolution was primarily a matter of class warfare and that the rhetoric of liberty was meaningless. Bailyn maintained that ideology was ingrained in the revolutionaries, an attitude he said exemplified the "transforming radicalism of the American Revolution."[9] Bailyn argued that republicanism was at the core of the values French radical thinkers had striven to affirm. He located the intellectual sources of the American Revolution within a broader British political framework, explaining how English country Whig ideas about civic virtue, corruption, ancient rights, and fear of autocracy were, in the colonies, transformed into the ideology of republicanism. According to Bailyn, The modernization of American Politics and government during and after the Revolution took the form of a sudden, radical realization of the program that had first been fully set forth by the opposition intelligentsia ... in the reign of George the First. Where the English opposition, forcing its way against a complacent social and political order, had only striven and dreamed, Americans driven by the same aspirations but living in a society in many ways modern, and now released politically, could suddenly act. Where the French opposition had vainly agitated for partial reforms ... American leaders moved swiftly and with little social disruption to implement systematically the outermost possibilities of the whole range of radically libertarian ideas. In the process they ... infused into American political culture ... the major themes of eighteenth-century radical libertarianism brought to realization here. The first is the belief that power is evil, a necessity perhaps but an evil necessity; that it is infinitely corrupting; and that it must be controlled, limited, restricted in every way compatible with a minimum of civil order. Written constitutions; the separation of powers; bill of rights; limitations on executives, on legislatures, and courts; restrictions on the right to coerce and wage war—all express the profound distrust of power that lies at the ideological heart of the American Revolution and that has remained with us as a permanent legacy ever after.[10] Bailyn's approach to the constellation of Whig ideas is artfully diachronic rather than structural; that is, contested libertarian meanings change through time as "the colonists" struggle to define, and to pursue, the property of independence. Recent historians, such as Tufts University wiki-skeptic and CUNY professor Benjamin Carp, hold that more than any other "colonist," Boston waterfront rebels channeled their "cosmopolitanism into a belief that 'the cause of America' was a libertarian 'cause for all mankind'" (Carp, Rebels Rising, 61). Social history[edit] In the 1980s, Bailyn turned from political and intellectual history to social and demographic history. His histories of the peopling of colonial North America explored questions of immigration, cultural contact, and settlement that his mentor Handlin had pioneered decades earlier. Bailyn was a major innovator in new research techniques, such as quantification, collective biography, and kinship analysis.[8] Bailyn is representative of those scholars who believe in the concept of American exceptionalism but avoid the terminology, and thereby avoid getting entangled in rhetorical debates. According to Michael Kammen and Stanley N. Katz, Bailyn: is very clearly a believer in the distinctiveness of American civilization. Although he rarely, if ever, uses the phrase "American exceptionalism," he repeatedly insists upon the "distinctive characteristics of British North American life." He has argued...that the process of social and cultural transmission resulted in peculiarly American patterns of education (in the broadest sense of the word); and he believes in the unique character of the American Revolution.[11] Atlantic history[edit] As a leading advocate of Atlantic history, Bailyn organized an annual international seminar on the "History of the Atlantic World" from the mid-1980s onward. Through the seminar, he promoted social and demographic studies, especially regarding flows of population into colonial America. [12] Bailyn's Atlantic History: Concepts and Contours (2005) explores the borders and contents of the emerging field, which emphasizes cosmopolitan and multicultural elements that have tended to be neglected or considered in isolation by traditional historiography dealing with the Americas. Personal life[edit] Bailyn was married to MIT Professor of Management Lotte (née Lazarsfeld). He was the father of Yale astrophysicist Charles Bailyn[13] and Stony Brook linguist John Bailyn.[14] Bailyn died on August 7, 2020, at his home in Belmont, Massachusetts. He was 97, and suffered from heart failure.[14] Students[edit] Former students of Bailyn include Pulitzer Prize winners Michael Kammen, Jack N. Rakove and Gordon S. Wood as well as Pulitzer Prize finalist Mary Beth Norton. Other notable Bailyn students include: Fred Anderson (Crucible of War and A People's Army); Virginia DeJohn Anderson (Creatures of Empire); Richard L. Bushman (From Puritan to Yankee); Philip J. Greven (The Protestant Temperament, Spare the Child); Richard D. Brown (Revolutionary Politics in Massachusetts: The Boston Committee of Correspondence and the Towns, 1772–1774 and Knowledge Is Power: The Diffusion of Information in Early America, 1700–1865); Sally E. Hadden (Slave Patrols); David Hancock (historian) ("Oceans of Wine: Madeira and the Emergence of American Trade and Taste," "Citizens of the World: London Merchants and the Integration of the British Atlantic Community, 1735–1785) James Henretta (Families and farms: Mentalité in Pre-Industrial America); Peter Charles Hoffer (Law and People in Colonial America, among others); Stanley N. Katz (Newcastle's New York); Pauline Maier (American Scripture on the Declaration and Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788, winner of the 2011 George Washington Book Prize and the Fraunces Tavern Book Prize); William E. Nelson, legal and constitutional historian and Edward Weinfeld Professor of Law at New York University School of Law, author of The Fourteenth Amendment: From Political Principle to Judicial Doctrine (1988), winner of the Littleton-Griswold Prize of the American Historical Association, and many other books Daniel Oliver (policymaker), former executive editor of National Review and former chairman of the Federal Trade Commission Jeffrey Pasley (The First Presidential Contest, The Tyranny of Printers, Beyond the Founders Mark A. Peterson (The City State of Boston); George David Smith (practitioner of applied economic and business history and founding partner of The Winthrop Group, Inc. Anatomy of a Business Strategy" [Co-winner: Best book on Business and Industry, American Publishers' Assn.]; "From Monopoly to Competition;" "The New Financial Capitalists, with George Baker; History of The Firm [McKinsey & Co.], lead author, Peter H. Wood (Black Majority); Michael Zuckerman (Peaceable Kingdoms) Many of these historians have gone on to train a new generation of American historians; others have branched out into fields as diverse as law and the history of science. Bibliography[edit] This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. Bailyn, Bernard (1955). The New England merchants in the Seventeenth Century. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-61280-8. Massachusetts Shipping, 1697–1714: A Statistical Study. (with Lotte Bailyn) Harvard University Press, 1959. Education in the Forming of American Society: Needs and Opportunities for Study. University of North Carolina Press, 1960. Bailyn, Bernard, ed. Pamphlets of the American Revolution, 1750–1776. Harvard University Press, 1965. The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution. Harvard University Press, 1967; awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the Bancroft Prize in 1968. The Origins of American Politics. Knopf, 1968. The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson. Harvard University Press, 1974; winner of the 1975 National Book Award in History.[15] The Great Republic: A History of the American People. Little, Brown, 1977; coauthored college textbook; several editions. The Peopling of British North America: An Introduction. Knopf, 1986. Voyagers to the West: A Passage in the Peopling of America on the Eve of the Revolution. Knopf, 1986; won the Pulitzer Prize in History, the Saloutos Award of the Immigration History Society, and distinguished book awards from the Society of Colonial Wars and the Society of the Cincinnati. Faces of Revolution: Personalities and Themes in the Struggle for American Independence. Knopf, 1990. Bailyn, Bernard, ed. The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Antifederalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters During the Struggle for Ratification. Part One: September 1787 to February 1788. Library of America, 1993. ISBN 978-0-940450-42-4 Bailyn, Bernard, ed. The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Antifederalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters During the Struggle for Ratification. Part Two: January to August 1788. Library of America, 1993. ISBN 978-0-940450-64-6 On the Teaching and Writing of History. 1994. — (March 1996). "Context in history". History. Quadrant. 40 (3): 9–15.[16] To Begin the World Anew: The Genius and Ambiguities of the American Founders. Knopf, 2003. Atlantic History: Concept and Contours. Harvard University Press, 2005. The Barbarous Years: The Peopling of British North America: The Conflict of Civilizations, 1600–1675, Alfred A. Knopf, 2012, ISBN 978-0-394-51570-0. Sometimes an Art: Nine Essays on History, Alfred A. Knopf, 2015, ISBN 978-1-101-87447-9. References[edit] ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. ^ "History". Past winners & finalists by category. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2012-03-17. ^ Jefferson Lecturers at NEH Website (retrieved January 22, 2009). ^ Jack N. Rakove, "Bernard Bailyn" in Robert Allen Rutland, ed. "Clio's Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States, 1945–2000" (2000) pp 5–22 ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved May 5, 2011. ^ https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/bailyn-bernard-1922 ^ "Past Honorary Degrees Grinnell College". Archived from the original on February 23, 2017. ^ a b A. Roger Ekirch, "Bernard Bailyn," in Clyde N. Wilson, ed. Twentieth-century American Historians (Gale Research Company, 1983) pp 19–26 ^ Bailyn, The ideological origins of the American Revolution (1992 edition) Page v ^ Bernard Bailyn, "The Central Themes of the American Revolution: An Interpretation," in S. Kurtz and J. Hutson, eds., Essays on the American Revolution (1960), pp. 26–27. ^ Michael Kammen and Stanley N. Katz, "Bernard Bailyn, Historian, and Teacher: An Appreciation." in James A. Henretta, Michael Kämmen, and Stanley N. Katz, eds. The Transformation of Early American History: Society, Authority, and Ideology (1991) p 10. ^ See See course details ^ "Heads of the Two New Residential Colleges Are Named" (July 6, 2016). YaleNews (News.Yale.edu). Retrieved October 3, 2018. ^ a b McLean, Renwick; Schuessler, Jennifer (August 7, 2020). "Bernard Bailyn, Eminent Historian of Early America, Dies at 97". The New York Times. Retrieved August 7, 2020. ^ "National Book Awards – 1975". National Book Foundation. Archived from the original on September 9, 2011. Retrieved March 17, 2012. ^ Edited version of the 1995 Charles La Trobe Lecture. Further reading[edit] Boyd, Kelly, ed. Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writers (Rutledge, 1999) 1:66–68. Coclanis, Peter A. "Drang Nach Osten: Bernard Bailyn, the World-Island, and the Idea of Atlantic History." Journal of World History 13.1 (2002): 169–182. Ekirch, A. Roger "Bernard Bailyn," in Clyde N. Wilson, ed. Twentieth-century American Historians (Gale Research Company, 1983) pp 19–26 Kammen, Michael and Stanley N. Katz, "Bernard Bailyn, Historian, and Teacher: An Appreciation." in James A. Henretta, Michael Kämmen, and Stanley N. Katz, eds. The Transformation of Early American History: Society, Authority, and Ideology (1991) pp 3–15 Rakove, Jack N. "'How Else Could It End?' Bernard Bailyn and the Problem of Authority and Early America." in James A. Henretta, Michael Kämmen, and Stanley N. Katz, eds. The Transformation of Early American History: Society, Authority, and Ideology (1991) pp 51–69 Rakove, Jack N. "Bernard Bailyn" in Robert Allen Rutland, ed. "Clio's Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States, 1945–2000" (U of Missouri Press. 2000) pp 5–22. Wood, Gordon. "The creative imagination of Bernard Bailyn," in James A. Henretta, Michael Kämmen, and Stanley N. Katz, eds. The Transformation of Early American History: Society, Authority, and Ideology (1991) pp 16–50. External links[edit] Wikiquote has quotations related to: Bernard Bailyn "To Begin the World Anew"-Politics and the Creative Imagination Jefferson Lecture for the National Endowment for the Humanities Bernard Bailyn: An Appreciation Considering the Slave Trade: History and Memory History News Network Appearances on C-SPAN "Into the Wilderness: ‘The Barbarous Years,’ by Bernard Bailyn", Charles C. 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Gottschalk (1953) Merle Curti (1954) Lynn Thorndike (1955) Dexter Perkins (1956) William L. Langer (1957) Walter Prescott Webb (1958) Allan Nevins (1959) Bernadotte Everly Schmitt (1960) Samuel Flagg Bemis (1961) Carl Bridenbaugh (1962) Crane Brinton (1963) Julian P. Boyd (1964) Frederic C. Lane (1965) Roy Franklin Nichols (1966) Hajo Holborn (1967) John K. Fairbank (1968) C. Vann Woodward (1969) Robert Roswell Palmer (1970) David M. Potter (1971) Joseph Strayer (1971) Thomas C. Cochran (1972) Lynn Townsend White Jr. (1973) Lewis Hanke (1974) Gordon Wright (1975) 1976–2000 Richard B. Morris (1976) Charles Gibson (1977) William J. Bouwsma (1978) John Hope Franklin (1979) David H. Pinkney (1980) Bernard Bailyn (1981) Gordon A. Craig (1982) Philip D. Curtin (1983) Arthur S. Link (1984) William H. McNeill (1985) Carl Neumann Degler (1986) Natalie Zemon Davis (1987) Akira Iriye (1988) Louis R. Harlan (1989) David Herlihy (1990) William Leuchtenburg (1991) Frederic Wakeman (1992) Louise A. Tilly (1993) Thomas C. Holt (1994) John Henry Coatsworth (1995) Caroline Walker Bynum (1996) Joyce Appleby (1997) Joseph C. Miller (1998) Robert Darnton (1999) Eric Foner (2000) 2001–present Wm. Roger Louis (2001) Lynn Hunt (2002) James M. McPherson (2003) Jonathan Spence (2004) James J. Sheehan (2005) Linda K. Kerber (2006) Barbara Weinstein (2007) Gabrielle M. Spiegel (2008) Laurel Thatcher Ulrich (2009) Barbara D. Metcalf (2010) Anthony Grafton (2011) William Cronon (2012) Kenneth Pomeranz (2013) Jan E. Goldstein (2014) Vicki L. Ruiz (2015) Patrick Manning (2016) Tyler E. Stovall (2017) Mary Beth Norton (2018) J. R. McNeill (2019) Mary Lindemann (2020) v t e Pulitzer Prize for History (1951–1975) R. Carlyle Buley (1951) Oscar Handlin (1952) George Dangerfield (1953) Bruce Catton (1954) Paul Horgan (1955) Richard Hofstadter (1956) George F. Kennan (1957) Bray Hammond (1958) Leonard D. White and Jean Schneider (1959) Margaret Leech (1960) Herbert Feis (1961) Lawrence H. Gipson (1962) Constance McLaughlin Green (1963) Sumner Chilton Powell (1964) Irwin Unger (1965) Perry Miller (1966) William H. Goetzmann (1967) Bernard Bailyn (1968) Leonard Levy (1969) Dean Acheson (1970) James MacGregor Burns (1971) Carl Neumann Degler (1972) Michael Kammen (1973) Daniel J. Boorstin (1974) Dumas Malone (1975) Complete list 1917–1925 1926–1950 1951–1975 1976–2000 2001–2025 v t e Pulitzer Prize for History (1976–2000) Paul Horgan (1976) David M. Potter (completed and edited by Don E. Fehrenbacher) (1977) Alfred D. Chandler Jr. (1978) Don E. Fehrenbacher (1979) Leon Litwack (1980) Lawrence A. Cremin (1981) C. Vann Woodward (1982) Rhys Isaac (1983) Thomas K. McCraw (1985) Walter A. McDougall (1986) Bernard Bailyn (1987) Robert V. Bruce (1988) James M. McPherson / Taylor Branch (1989) Stanley Karnow (1990) Laurel Thatcher Ulrich (1991) Mark E. Neely Jr. (1992) Gordon S. Wood (1993) Doris Kearns Goodwin (1995) Alan Taylor (1996) Jack N. Rakove (1997) Edward Larson (1998) Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace (1999) David M. Kennedy (2000) Complete list 1917–1925 1926–1950 1951–1975 1976–2000 2001–2025 Authority control BIBSYS: 90058936 BNE: XX1722287 BNF: cb120971306 (data) GND: 119514370 ISNI: 0000 0001 0931 2631 LCCN: n50016110 NDL: 00432087 NKC: ola2003196329 NLA: 35012134 NLK: KAC201004305 NTA: 06754374X PLWABN: 9810622528205606 SNAC: w6dj662q SUDOC: 029320003 VIAF: 108394198 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n50016110 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Bailyn&oldid=997553004" Categories: 1922 births 2020 deaths 20th-century American historians 20th-century American male writers 21st-century American historians 21st-century American male writers Academics of the University of Cambridge Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences Harvard University alumni Harvard University faculty Historians of the American Revolution Historians of the Thirteen Colonies Historians of political thought Jewish American historians National Book Award winners National Humanities Medal recipients Presidents of the American Historical Association Pulitzer Prize for History winners Quadrant (magazine) people Williams College alumni American male non-fiction writers Writers from Hartford, Connecticut Historians from Connecticut Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Use American English from October 2019 All Wikipedia articles written in American English Use mdy dates from October 2019 Articles with hCards Incomplete lists from August 2018 Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikiquote Languages تۆرکجه Deutsch Español Français 한국어 Italiano עברית 日本語 Русский Simple English Suomi Türkçe Edit links This page was last edited on 1 January 2021, at 02:44 (UTC). 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