House of Stuart - Wikipedia House of Stuart From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search European royal house "Stuarts" redirects here. For the defunct New England store chain, see Stuarts (store). Stuart Stewart Royal house Coat of arms of the last Stuart monarch Anne, Queen of Great Britain, 1707–1714 Parent family Clan Stewart Country Scotland, England, Ireland, Great Britain Founded c. 1371 650 years ago Founder Robert II of Scotland (1371–1390) Final ruler Anne, Queen of Great Britain (1702–1714) Titles List King and Queen of Scotland King and Queen of England King and Queen of Ireland Queen of Great Britain King and Queen of France[note 1] High Steward of Scotland Duke of Aubigny Duke of Albany Marquess of Bute Earl of Lennox Earl of Moray Lord of Ireland[note 2] Dissolution 1807 (1807) Cadet branches List Stewart of Ardvorlich Stewart of Ballechin Stewart of Castle Stewart Stewart of Darnley Stewart of Galloway The House of Stuart, originally Stewart, was a royal house of Scotland, England, Ireland and later Great Britain. The family name itself comes from the office of High Steward of Scotland, which had been held by the family scion Walter fitz Alan (c. 1150). The name "Stewart" and variations had become established as a family name by the time of his grandson, Walter Stewart. The first monarch of the Stewart line was Robert II, whose descendants were kings and queens of Scotland from 1371 until the union with England in 1707. Mary, Queen of Scots was brought up in France where she adopted the French spelling of the name, Stuart. In 1503, James IV married Margaret Tudor, thus linking the royal houses of Scotland and England. Elizabeth I of England died without issue in 1603, and James IV's great-grandson (and Mary's only son) James VI of Scotland succeeded to the thrones of England and Ireland as James I in the Union of the Crowns. The Stuarts were monarchs of Britain and Ireland and its growing empire until the death of Queen Anne in 1714, except for the period of the Commonwealth between 1649 and 1660.[note 3] In total, nine Stewart/Stuart monarchs ruled Scotland alone from 1371 until 1603, the last of which was James VI, before his accession in England. Two Stuart queens ruled the isles following the Glorious Revolution in 1688: Mary II and Anne. Both were the Protestant daughters of James VII and II by his first wife Anne Hyde and the great-grandchildren of James VI and I. Their father had converted to Catholicism and his new wife gave birth to a son in 1688, who was brought up a Roman Catholic and preceded his half-sisters; so James was deposed by Parliament in 1689, in favour of his daughters. But neither had any children who survived to adulthood, so the crown passed to the House of Hanover on the death of Queen Anne in 1714 under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Act of Security 1704. After the loss of the throne, the descendants of James VII and II came to be known as the Jacobites and continued for several generations to attempt to reclaim the English (and later British) throne as the rightful heirs, though since the early 19th century there have been no more active claimants from the Stuart family. The current Jacobite heir to the claims of the historical Stuart monarchs is Franz, Duke of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach. The senior living member of the royal Stewart family, descended in a legitimate male line from Robert II of Scotland, is Arthur Stuart, 8th Earl Castle Stewart. Contents 1 Origins 1.1 Etymology 1.2 Background 2 History 3 Present-day 4 List of monarchs 4.1 Monarchs of Scotland 4.2 Monarchs of England, Scotland and Ireland 5 Family tree 5.1 Origin 5.2 House of Stewart 5.3 House of Stuart 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 Sources 10 Further reading 11 External links Origins[edit] Etymology[edit] This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The name Stewart derives from the political position of office similar to a governor, known as a steward. It was originally adopted as the family surname by Walter Stewart, 3rd High Steward of Scotland, who was the third member of the family to hold the position. Prior to this, family names were not used, but instead they had patronyms defined through the father; for example the first two High Stewards were known as FitzAlan and FitzWalter respectively. The gallicised spelling was first borne by John Stewart of Darnley after his time in the French wars. During the 16th century, the French spelling Stuart was adopted by Mary, Queen of Scots, when she was living in France. She sanctioned the change to ensure the correct pronunciation of the Scots version of the name Stewart, because retaining the letter "w" would have made it difficult for French speakers, who followed the Germans in usually rendering "w" as /v/. The spelling Stuart was also used by her second husband, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley; he was the father of James VI and I, so the official spelling Stuart for the British royal family derives from him. Principal members of the house of Stuart following the 1603 Union of the Crowns. Background[edit] The ancestral origins of the Stuart family are obscure—their probable ancestry is traced back to Alan FitzFlaad, a Breton who came over to Great Britain not long after the Norman conquest.[1] Alan had been the hereditary steward of the Bishop of Dol in the Duchy of Brittany;[2] Alan had a good relationship with Henry I of England who awarded him with lands in Shropshire.[2] The FitzAlan family quickly established themselves as a prominent Anglo-Norman noble house, with some of its members serving as High Sheriff of Shropshire.[2][3] It was the great-grandson of Alan named Walter FitzAlan who became the first hereditary High Steward of Scotland, while his brother William's family went on to become Earls of Arundel. When the civil war in the Kingdom of England, known as The Anarchy, broke out between legitimist claimant Matilda, Lady of the English and her cousin who had usurped her, King Stephen, Walter had sided with Matilda.[4] Another supporter of Matilda was her uncle David I of Scotland from the House of Dunkeld.[4] After Matilda was pushed out of England into the County of Anjou, essentially failing in her legitimist attempt for the throne, many of her supporters in England fled also. It was then that Walter followed David up to the Kingdom of Scotland, where he was granted lands in Renfrewshire and the title for life of Lord High Steward.[4] The next monarch of Scotland, Malcolm IV, made the High Steward title a hereditary arrangement. While High Stewards, the family were based at Dundonald, South Ayrshire between the 12th and 13th centuries. History[edit] This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Stewart of Stewart Stewart of Albany Stewart of Barclye Stewart of Garlies Stewart of Minto Stewart of Atholl Stewart of Bute Stuart of Bute Stewart of Ardvorlich Stewart of Physgill Stewart of Rothesay The sixth High Steward of Scotland, Walter Stewart (1293–1326), married Marjorie, daughter of Robert the Bruce, and also played an important part in the Battle of Bannockburn gaining further favour. Their son Robert was heir to the House of Bruce, the Lordship of Cunningham and the Bruce lands of Bourtreehill; he eventually inherited the Scottish throne when his uncle David II died childless in 1371. In 1503, James IV attempted to secure peace with England by marrying King Henry VII's daughter, Margaret Tudor. The birth of their son, later James V, brought the House of Stewart into the line of descent of the House of Tudor, and the English throne. Margaret Tudor later married Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, and their daughter, Margaret Douglas, was the mother of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. In 1565, Darnley married his half-cousin Mary, Queen of Scots, the daughter of James V. Darnley's father was Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, a member of the Stewart of Darnley branch of the House. Lennox was a descendant of Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland, also descended from James II, being Mary's heir presumptive. Thus Darnley was also related to Mary on his father's side and because of this connection, Mary's heirs remained part of the House of Stuart. Following John Stewart of Darnley's ennoblement for his part at the Battle of Baugé in 1421 and the grant of lands to him at Aubigny and Concressault, the Darnley Stewarts' surname was gallicised to Stuart. Both Mary, Queen of Scots, and Lord Darnley had strong claims on the English throne, through their mutual grandmother, Margaret Tudor. This eventually led to the accession of the couple's only child James as King of Scotland, England, and Ireland in 1603. However, this was a Personal Union, as the three Kingdoms shared a monarch, but had separate governments, churches, and institutions. Indeed, the personal union did not prevent an armed conflict, known as the Bishops' Wars, breaking out between England and Scotland in 1639. This was to become part of the cycle of political and military conflict that marked the reign of Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland, culminating in a series of conflicts known as the War of the Three Kingdoms. The trial and execution of Charles I by the English Parliament in 1649 began 11 years of republican government known as the English Interregnum. Scotland initially recognised the late King's son, also called Charles, as their monarch, before being subjugated and forced to enter Cromwell's Commonwealth by General Monck's occupying army. During this period, the principal members of the House of Stuart lived in exile in mainland Europe. The younger Charles returned to Britain to assume his three thrones in 1660 as "Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland", but dated his reign from his father's death eleven years before. In feudal and dynastic terms, the Scottish reliance on French support was revived during the reign of Charles II, whose own mother was French. His sister Henrietta married into the French royal family. Charles II left no legitimate children, but his numerous illegitimate descendants included the Dukes of Buccleuch, the Dukes of Grafton, the Dukes of Saint Albans and the Dukes of Richmond. Monument to the Royal Stuarts in St. Peter's Basilica – Work of Antonio Canova. These French and Roman Catholic connections proved unpopular and resulted in the downfall of the Stuarts, whose mutual enemies identified with Protestantism and because James VII and II offended the Anglican establishment by proposing tolerance not only for Catholics but for Protestant Dissenters. The Glorious Revolution caused the overthrow of King James in favour of his son-in-law and his daughter, William and Mary. James continued to claim the thrones of England and Scotland to which he had been crowned, and encouraged revolts in his name, and his grandson Charles (also known as Bonnie Prince Charlie) led an ultimately unsuccessful rising in 1745, ironically becoming symbols of conservative rebellion and Romanticism. Some blame the identification of the Roman Catholic Church with the Stuarts for the extremely lengthy delay in the passage of Catholic emancipation until Jacobitism (as represented by direct Stuart heirs) was extinguished; however it was as likely to be caused by entrenched anti-Catholic prejudice among the Anglican establishment of England. Despite the Whig intentions of tolerance to be extended to Irish subjects, this was not the preference of Georgian Tories and their failure at compromise played a subsequent role in the present division of Ireland.[citation needed] Present-day[edit] The Royal House of Stuart became extinct with the death of Cardinal Henry Benedict Stuart, brother of Charles Edward Stuart, in 1807. Duke Francis of Bavaria is the current senior heir.[5] However, Charles II had a number of illegitimate sons whose surviving descendants in the male line include Charles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of Richmond; Henry FitzRoy, 12th Duke of Grafton; Murray Beauclerk, 14th Duke of St Albans; and Richard Scott, 10th Duke of Buccleuch. In addition, James II's illegitimate son, James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, founded the House of FitzJames comprising two branches, one in France and one in Spain. The last of the French branch died in 1967; the senior heir of James II's male-line descendants is Jacobo Hernando Fitz-James Stuart, 16th Duke of Peñaranda de Duero. List of monarchs[edit] Monarchs of Scotland[edit] This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Portrait Name From Until Relationship with predecessor Robert II 22 February 1371 19 April 1390 nephew[6] of David II who died without issue. Robert's mother Marjorie Bruce was daughter of Robert I. Robert III 19 April 1390 4 April 1406 son of Robert II of Scotland. James I 4 April 1406 21 February 1437 son of Robert III of Scotland. James II 21 February 1437 3 August 1460 son of James I of Scotland. James III 3 August 1460 11 June 1488 son of James II of Scotland. James IV 11 June 1488 9 September 1513 son of James III of Scotland. James V 9 September 1513 14 December 1542 son of James IV of Scotland. Mary 14 December 1542 24 July 1567 daughter of James V of Scotland. James VI 24 July 1567 27 March 1625 son of Mary, Queen of Scots. Monarchs of England, Scotland and Ireland[edit] This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) From the Acts of Union 1707, which came into effect on 1 May 1707, the last Stuart monarch, Anne, became Queen of Great Britain and Ireland. Portrait Name From Until Relationship with predecessor James VI and I 24 March 1603 27 March 1625 Great-Great grandson of Henry VII of England. King of Scotland alone until inheriting the titles King of England and Ireland, including claim to France from the extinct Tudors. Charles I 27 March 1625 30 January 1649 (executed) son of James VI and I Charles II 30 January 1649 (de jure); 2 May 1660 (de facto) 6 February 1685 son of Charles I. Prohibited by Parliament from assuming the throne during a republican period of government known as the Commonwealth of England, but then accepted as king in 1661. James VII and II 6 February 1685 11 December 1688 brother of Charles II, who died without legitimate issue. Son of Charles I. Overthrown at the Revolution of 1688. Died in 1701. Mary II 13 February 1689 28 December 1694 daughter of James II & VII, who was still alive and pretending to the throne. Co-monarch was William III & II who outlived his wife. Anne 8 March 1702 1 August 1714 sister of Mary II. daughter of James II & VII. Name of state changed to Great Britain with the political Acts of Union 1707, though family has used title since James I & VI. Died childless, rights pass to House of Hanover. Armorial tablet of the Stewarts at Falkland Palace, Fife Family tree[edit] See also: Stuart Scottish monarchs family tree and Stuart British monarchs family tree Round provided a family tree[7] to embody his essential findings, which is adapted below. Alan, Dapifer Dolensis (Seneschal or Steward of Dol) Alan, Dapifer Dolensis, Took part in First Crusade, 1097. Flaald Occurs at Monmouth, 1101/2 Rhiwallon Monk of St Florent. Alan Fitz Flaad, Founder of Sporle Priory Jordan Fitz Alan, Dapifer in Brittany, Benefactor of Sele Priory. William Fitz Alan, Lord of Oswestry Founder/benefactor of Haughmond Abbey, Died 1160 Walter Fitz Alan Dapifer Regis Scotiae, Founder of Paisley Abbey, Died 1177 Alan Fitz Jordan, Dapifer Dolensis. William Fitz Alan II, Lord of Oswestry and Clun Alan the Steward Senescallus Regis Scotiae Origin[edit] Alan fitz Flaad William FitzAlan, Lord of Oswestry William Fitz Alan, 1st Lord of Oswestry and Clun William Fitz Alan, 2nd Lord of Oswestry and Clun John Fitzalan, Lord of Oswestry John FitzAlan, 6th Earl of Arundel House of FitzAlan Jordan fitz Alan, Seneschal of Dol Walter fitz Alan, 1st High Steward of Scotland Alan fitz Walter, 2nd High Steward of Scotland Walter Stewart, 3rd High Steward of Scotland Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland Robert II of Scotland John Stewart of Ralston John Stewart of Bonkyll Alexander Stewart of Bonkyll Earls of Angus (extinct 1361) Alan Stewart of Dreghorn Stewart of Darnley Earls of Lennox Stewart of Garlies Earls of Galloway Stewart of Burray Stewart of Physgill (Phisgal) Stewart of Minto Lords Blantyre Stewart of Tongrie Stewart of Barclye Walter Stewart of Garlies and Dalswinton John Stewart of Dalswinton Walter Stewart of Garlies and Dalswinton James Stewart of Pearston Stewart of Pearston Stewart of Lorn Clan Stewart of Appin Earls of Atholl Earls of Buchan Earls of Traquair (illegitimate) John Stewart of Daldon Robert Stewart of Daldowie Walter Bailloch Earls of Menteith Robert Stewart, Lord of Darnley Simon fitz Alan Clan Boyd House of Stewart[edit] Robert II of Scotland Robert III of Scotland David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay James I of Scotland Alexander Stewart, Duke of Rothesay James II of Scotland James III of Scotland James IV of Scotland James, Duke of Rothesay Arthur Stewart, Duke of Rothesay James V of Scotland James, Duke of Rothesay Arthur, Duke of Albany Mary, Queen of Scots Alexander Stewart, Duke of Ross James Stewart, Duke of Ross John Stewart, Earl of Mar Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany Alexander Stewart, Bishop of Moray John Stewart, Duke of Albany David Stewart, Earl of Moray John Stewart, Earl of Mar Sir John Stewart (illegitimate) Stewart of Ballechin Walter, Lord of Fife Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany Robert Stewart Walter Stewart Lords Avandale Lords Stuart of Ochiltree Barons Castle Stewart Earls Castle Stewart Alasdair Stewart James Mor Stewart James "Beg" Stewart (illegitimate) Stewart of Balquhidder Stewart of Ardvorlich Stewart of Glen Buckie Stewart of Gartnafuaran Stewart of Annat John Stewart, Earl of Buchan Robert Stewart, Earl of Ross Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, the Wolf of Badenoch Illegitimate sons Stewart of Atholl David Stewart, Earl of Strathearn Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl Alan Stewart, 4th Earl of Caithness David Stewart, Master of Atholl John Stewart, Sheriff of Bute (illegitimate) Clan Stuart of Bute House of Stuart[edit] Descended from the Stewarts of Darnley (Stewarts of Lennox) Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, husband of Mary, Queen of Scots James VI and I Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales Charles I of England Charles II of England James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth (illegitimate) Dukes of Buccleuch Charles FitzCharles, 1st Earl of Plymouth (illegitimate) Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland (illegitimate) Dukes of Cleveland (extinct 1774) Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton (illegitimate) Dukes of Grafton George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland (illegitimate) Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans (illegitimate) Dukes of St Albans Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond (illegitimate) Dukes of Richmond, Lennox and Gordon James II of England Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge James Stuart, Duke of Cambridge Charles Stuart, Duke of Kendal Edgar, Duke of Cambridge Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge James Francis Edward Stuart Charles Edward Stuart Henry Benedict Stuart James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick (illegitimate) House of FitzJames Dukes of Berwick Dukes of Fitz-James (extinct 1967) Henry FitzJames (illegitimate) Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester Robert Stuart, Duke of Kintyre and Lorne See also[edit] Jacobitism, for more on the legitimist House of Stuart, following the Glorious Revolution John Barbour, the first Stewart court poet and genealogist List of Scottish monarchs List of British monarchs Clan Stewart Barony and Castle of Corsehill Stewarton in Ayrshire and the Stuart connection Armorial of the House of Stuart Notes[edit] ^ titular claim rather than de facto ^ Title assumed by James V of Scotland, in correspondence with Irish chieftains, as a challenge to Henry VIII, who had recently been declared 'King of Ireland.' ^ The Earls of Galloway are the senior surviving line of the Stuarts. They are descended from a line which originated from the second son of Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland and are not members of the Stewart/Stuart royal line; however, they are part of the peerage. References[edit] ^ "J.H. Round: The Origin of the Stewarts: Part 1". MedievalGenealogy.org.uk. Retrieved on 13 November 2008. ^ a b c Bartlett, England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings, 1075–1225, 544. ^ Lieber, Encyclopædia Americana, 30. ^ a b c King, The Anarchy of King Stephen's Reign, 249. ^ Alleyne, Richard; de Quetteville, Harry (7 April 2008). "Act repeal could make Franz Herzog von Bayern new King of England and Scotland". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 June 2008. ^ The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ^ "Studies in peerage and family history". Sources[edit] King, Edmund (1994). The Anarchy of King Stephen's Reign. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-820364-0. Barrow, G. W. S. (2003). The Kingdom of the Scots. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1802-3. Barrow, G. W. S. (2004). "Stewart family (per. c.1110–c.1350)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/49411. Retrieved 11 October 2010. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Round, J. Horace (1901). Studies in Peerage and Family History. Westminster, London: Archibald Constable & Co Ltd. Further reading[edit] Addington, Arthur C. The Royal House of Stuart: The Descendants of King James VI of Scotland (James I of England). 3v. Charles Skilton, 1969–76. Cassavetti, Eileen. The Lion & the Lilies: The Stuarts and France. Macdonald & Jane's, 1977. External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to House of Stuart. 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Hohenzollern Württemberg Oldenburg Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg Orange-Nassau Nassau-Weilburg Mecklenburg Vasa Palatine Zweibrücken Hesse Holstein-Gottorp Romanov Bonaparte Wettin Lippe Zähringen Hungary Árpád Přemyslid Wittelsbach Angevin Luxembourg Hunyadi Jagiellon Szapolyai Ottoman Habsburg Habsburg-Lorraine Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Poland Piast Přemyslid Samborides Griffins Jagiellon Valois Báthory Vasa Wiśniowiecki Sobieski Wettin Leszczyński Poniatowski After partitions: Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov Kingdom of Poland Habsburg Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Wettin Duchy of Warsaw Lefebvre Duchy of Gdańsk Hohenzollern Duchy of Poznań v t e British Lord High Treasurers under the House of Stuart (1603–1649; 1660–1714) James I (1603–1625) 1st Earl of Dorset (1603–1608) 1st Earl of Salisbury (1608–1612) 1st Earl of Northampton (1612–1613) 1st Baron Ellesmere (1613–1614) 1st Earl of Suffolk (1614–1618) George Abbot (1618–1620) 1st Earl of Manchester (1620–1621) 1st Earl of Middlesex (1621–1624) 1st Earl of Marlborough (1624–1625) Charles I (1625–1649) 1st Earl of Marlborough (1625–1628) 1st Earl of Portland (1628–1633) William Laud (1635–1636) William Juxon (1636–1641) 1st Baron Lyttleton (1641–1643) 1st Baron Cottington (1643–1646) Charles II (1660–1685) 1st Earl of Clarendon (June–September 1660) 4th Earl of Southampton (1660–1667) 1st Duke of Albemarle (1667–1670) 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh (1672–1673) 1st Duke of Leeds (1673–March 1679) 1st Earl of Essex (March–November 1679) 1st Earl of Rochester (November 1679–1684) 1st Earl of Godolphin (1684–1685) James II (1685–1688) 1st Earl of Rochester (1685–1686) 1st Baron Belasyse (1687–December 1688) William & Mary (1689–1694) 1st Baron Belasyse (December 1688–April 1689) 3rd Earl of Peterborough (April 1689–March 1690) 1st Viscount Lonsdale (March 1690–November 1690) 1st Earl of Godolphin (November 1690–1694) William III (1694–1702) 1st Earl of Godolphin (1694–1697) 1st Earl of Halifax (1697–1699) 1st Earl of Tankerville (1699–1700) 1st Earl of Godolphin (1700–1701) 3rd Earl of Carlisle (1701–1702) Anne (1702–1714) 1st Earl of Godolphin (1702–1710) 1st Earl Poulett (1710–1711) 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer (1711–July 1714) 1st Duke of Shrewsbury (July–October 1714) Italics indicate service as First Lord of the Treasury when HM Treasury was ruled by Commission v t e Chancellors of the Exchequer under the House of Stuart (1603–1649; 1660–1714) James I (1603–1625) 1st Earl of Dunbar (1603–1606) Sir Julius Caesar (1606–1614) 1st Baron Brooke (1614–1621) 1st Earl of Portland (1621–1625) Charles I (1625–1649) 1st Earl of Portland (1625–1628) 1st Lord Barrett of Newburgh (1628–1629) 1st Baron Cottington (1629–1642) 1st Baron Colepeper (1642–1643) 1st Earl of Clarendon (1643–1646) Charles II (1660–1685) 1st Earl of Shaftesbury (1661–1672) John Duncombe (1672–1676) John Ernle (1676–1685) James II (1685–1688) John Ernle (1685–1688) William & Mary (1689–1694) John Ernle (1688–1689) 1st Earl of Warrington (1689–1690) Richard Hampden (1690–1694) William III (1694–1702) 1st Earl of Halifax (1694–1699) John Smith (1699–1701) 1st Baron Carleton (1701–1702) Anne (1702–1714) 1st Baron Carleton (1702–1708) John Smith (1708–1710) 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer (1710–1711) 1st Baron Bingley (1711–1713) Sir William Wyndham (1713–1714) v t e Masters of the Royal Mint (1331–1879) House of Plantagenet (1216–1399) Richard de Snowshill/Richard of Grimsby (1331) Henry de Bruselee and John Chichester (1351–?) Walter dei Bardi (1361–1361) John Chichester (1365–1367) Walter dei Bardi (1375–1391) John Wildeman (1391–1391) Houses of Lancaster and York (1399–1485) Richard Garner (1411–1414) Sir Lewis John (1413–1414) Sir Lewis John (1418–1420) Bartholomew Goldbeter (1421–1432) John Paddesley (1435–1446) Robert Manfield (1446–1459) Sir Richard Tonstall (1459–1461) William Hastings (1461–April 1483) Sir Robert Brackenbury (April–June 1483) Sir Robert Brackenbury (June 1483–1485) House of Tudor (1485–1603) Sir Giles Daubeney (1485–1490) Sir Bartholomew Reed and Robert Fenrother (1492–1498) 4th Baron Mountjoy (1509–1534) Ralph Rowlet/Sir Martin Bowes (1543) Sir Martin Bowes (1544) Sir John York (1547–1553) Thomas Egerton (1553–1555) Sir Thomas Stanley (1560–1571) John Lonyson (1571–1582) Sir Richard Martin (1582–1603) House of Stuart (1603–1649) Sir Richard Martin (1603–1609) Sir Edward Villiers (1617–1623) Sir Randal Cranfield (1623–1626) Sir Robert Harley (1626–1635) Sir Ralph Freeman/Sir Thomas Aylesbury (1635–1643) Sir Robert Harley (1643–1649) Interregnum (1649–1660) Aaron Guerdon (1649–1653) House of Stuart (1660–1714) Sir Ralph Freeman (1660–1662) Sir Ralph Freeman/Henry Slingsby (1662–1667) Henry Slingsby (1667–1680) Sir John Buckworth/Charles Duncombe/James Hoare (1680–1684) Thomas Neale/Charles Duncombe/James Hoare (1684–1686) Thomas Neale (1686–1699) Sir Isaac Newton (1700–1714) House of Hanover (1714–1901) Sir Isaac Newton (1714–1727) John Conduitt (1727–1737) Hon. Richard Arundell (1737–1745) 3rd Viscount Chetwynd (1745–1769) 1st Earl Cadogan (1769–1784) 3rd Earl of Effingham (1784–1789) 5th Earl of Chesterfield (1789–1790) 2nd Marquess Townshend (1790–1794) Sir George Yonge (1794–1799) 2nd Earl of Liverpool (1799–1801) 2nd Baron Arden (1801–1802) John Smyth (1802–1804) 3rd Earl Bathurst (1804–1806) Lord Charles Spencer (1806) Charles Bathurst (1806–1807) 3rd Earl Bathurst (1807–1812) 2nd Earl of Clancarty (1812–1814) 3rd Earl of Mornington (1814–1823) 1st Baron Wallace (1823–1827) George Tierney (1827–1828) John Charles Herries (1828–1830) 1st Earl of Auckland (1830–1834) 1st Baron Dunfermline (1834–1835) 1st Baron Ashburton (1835) 1st Baron Taunton (1835–1841) William Ewart Gladstone (1841–1845) Sir George Clerk (1845–1846) Richard Lalor Sheil (1846–1850) Sir John Herschel (1850–1855) Thomas Graham (1855–1869) Vacant (1869–1879) Office abolished in 1879 with duties given to the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Authority control GND: 118756117 LCCN: sh85129230 LNB: 000071539 NKC: jx20060403092 PLWABN: 9810656779805606 VIAF: 127422607 WorldCat Identities: viaf-127422607 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Stuart&oldid=998777002" Categories: House of Stuart Scottish monarchy Medieval royal families People of the Stuart period Scoto-Norman families Breton people Hidden categories: Pages using the EasyTimeline extension Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata EngvarB from August 2014 Articles needing additional references from July 2012 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May 2009 Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB Commons category link is on Wikidata Use dmy dates from August 2014 Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with LNB identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages Afrikaans العربية Asturianu Azərbaycanca Беларуская Български Bosanski Català Чӑвашла Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Қазақша Кыргызча Latviešu Magyar Македонски مازِرونی မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Norsk nynorsk Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча پنجابی Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt 吴语 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 7 January 2021, at 00:17 (UTC). 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