id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
en-wikipedia-org-5095		Euthyphro dilemma - Wikipedia			.html	text/html	11970	1864	68	The Mu'tazilah school of Islamic theology also defended the view (with, for example, Nazzam maintaining that God is powerless to engage in injustice or lying),[4] as did the Islamic philosopher Averroes.[5] Thomas Aquinas never explicitly addresses the Euthyphro dilemma, but Aquinas scholars often put him on this side of the issue.[6][7] Aquinas draws a distinction between what is good or evil in itself and what is good or evil because of God's commands,[8] with unchangeable moral standards forming the bulk of natural law.[9] Thus he contends that not even God can change the Ten Commandments (adding, however, that God can change what individuals deserve in particular cases, in what might look like special dispensations to murder or steal).[10] Among later Scholastics, Gabriel Vásquez is particularly clear-cut about obligations existing prior to anyone's will, even God's.[11][12] Modern natural law theory saw Grotius and Leibniz also putting morality prior to God's will, comparing moral truths to unchangeable mathematical truths, and engaging voluntarists like Pufendorf in philosophical controversy.[13] Cambridge Platonists like Benjamin Whichcote and Ralph Cudworth mounted seminal attacks on voluntarist theories, paving the way for the later rationalist metaethics of Samuel Clarke and Richard Price;[14][15][16] what emerged was a view on which eternal moral standards, though dependent on God in some way, exist independently of God's will and prior to God's commands.	./cache/en-wikipedia-org-5095.html	./txt/en-wikipedia-org-5095.txt