Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 319 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 72356 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 72 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 205 France 171 Paris 139 french 133 King 115 St. 108 Madame 103 Louis 82 England 67 Napoleon 63 English 62 General 60 Saint 60 Prince 54 Duke 50 illustration 49 Europe 47 Queen 45 Emperor 45 Charles 43 Duc 41 Court 39 Revolution 34 day 34 Bonaparte 33 man 33 great 32 God 31 Mr. 30 Italy 30 Church 30 Assembly 29 Majesty 29 Count 28 Versailles 28 Rue 27 little 27 Government 27 French 25 time 25 Spain 25 National 25 CHAPTER 24 London 24 Footnote 21 Republic 21 Place 21 Marie 21 July 21 Hôtel 20 english Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 40361 man 36242 day 34430 time 19531 year 18825 people 17469 king 17324 place 17244 order 14715 army 14623 part 14196 hand 13204 house 13163 way 12848 life 12690 country 12121 town 11815 one 11797 nothing 11357 side 11188 woman 10688 war 10603 name 10453 letter 10382 power 10241 thing 10104 head 9737 friend 9661 word 9381 person 9180 enemy 9173 moment 9064 work 8943 night 8884 troop 8822 death 8754 hour 8584 city 8435 officer 8286 soldier 8269 road 8107 church 8101 child 7747 eye 7705 century 7670 other 7575 number 7574 son 7566 arm 7555 family 7480 force Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 134911 _ 45522 de 29907 France 26845 Paris 20073 King 19514 Napoleon 18996 M. 13800 Louis 13492 St. 12229 Madame 11949 Emperor 10557 French 10426 la 10362 Footnote 10135 General 9507 Bonaparte 8389 England 8014 La 7626 Saint 7330 Queen 7217 Prince 7198 Charles 7154 Duke 6523 i. 6228 . 6163 English 6138 ii 6099 du 5769 Duc 5521 le 5012 Rue 4964 vol 4735 Europe 4684 God 4678 Assembly 4514 Court 4247 Revolution 4179 Jeanne 4173 Marie 3940 Majesty 3810 Spain 3795 Count 3718 et 3692 Italy 3665 Government 3628 National 3608 Le 3603 des 3366 Henry 3357 Lord Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 173492 he 164900 it 134458 i 80805 they 65524 him 55280 we 53282 she 49851 them 47715 you 37210 me 24414 her 20612 himself 18871 us 10372 themselves 6484 itself 5639 myself 5483 one 5212 herself 1779 ourselves 1287 yourself 486 mine 353 thee 339 theirs 314 ours 299 yours 298 his 139 hers 131 oneself 96 je 58 yourselves 32 thyself 24 au 24 ''s 24 ''em 18 ye 16 --they 14 ii 13 him,-- 13 ce 12 shou''d 12 ib 6 ay 5 thy 5 iv 4 à 4 them.--but 4 s 4 out,-- 4 ne 4 my Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 717964 be 265070 have 52462 do 43281 make 41099 say 35664 take 35218 see 28861 give 25445 go 25246 come 22502 know 21728 find 16952 leave 14748 become 13944 think 13365 pass 12800 seem 12441 send 12425 call 12220 tell 12150 receive 12060 follow 11591 bring 10904 write 10283 look 10254 remain 9969 appear 9568 hear 9394 hold 9153 keep 9095 get 8846 fall 8746 speak 8646 put 8612 show 8491 begin 8486 enter 8368 return 8283 carry 8110 stand 7783 ask 7665 believe 7544 feel 7332 lead 7162 turn 7147 meet 7083 form 7024 live 6988 set 6952 wish Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 112168 not 44915 so 38808 more 35506 great 31136 very 30755 only 25999 most 25564 other 23788 well 23345 up 22682 now 22476 first 22467 then 21068 as 20928 much 20830 little 20031 good 18834 french 18825 long 18524 even 18308 many 17500 out 16201 old 16103 same 16044 own 15840 still 15266 never 14890 such 13588 here 13030 there 12714 last 12591 too 12398 also 12055 however 12002 few 11587 new 10595 again 10429 soon 10365 young 10106 far 10089 once 9863 down 9842 always 9270 thus 8890 just 8526 high 8450 ever 8273 less 8259 back 8001 almost Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4762 least 4567 good 4247 most 2817 great 1322 high 848 slight 799 fine 746 bad 510 eld 496 Most 489 early 472 near 386 strong 386 large 385 low 347 small 308 late 298 rich 289 old 242 deep 195 noble 184 young 159 brave 153 happy 147 manif 143 pure 127 wise 121 poor 118 able 117 dear 111 long 107 simple 103 full 98 warm 95 short 93 bright 92 handsome 92 grand 86 vile 86 mean 81 wild 80 fair 80 bitter 79 l 73 strange 73 proud 69 sure 69 rare 67 weak 66 lovely Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21752 most 660 well 658 least 15 near 13 worst 11 hard 9 lest 7 highest 6 soon 6 long 3 youngest 3 richest 3 hathe 2 tempest 2 oldest 2 fast 2 farthest 1 wanderest 1 strongest 1 sternest 1 st.-waast 1 shortest 1 sayest 1 sang 1 s''est 1 quick 1 poorest 1 oftenest 1 oddest 1 nile"--the 1 merest 1 madeleine,[1]--the 1 lowest 1 latest 1 kindest 1 jest 1 handsomest 1 goethe 1 gloomiest 1 gentlest 1 gayest 1 fusina= 1 finest 1 fairest 1 est 1 easiest 1 early 1 coldest 1 brightest 1 boldest Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 www.gutenberg.net 21 www.gutenberg.org 13 gallica.bnf.fr 11 archive.org 9 dp.rastko.net 4 www.archive.org 1 www.pgdpcanada.net 1 visualiseur.bnf.fr Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 9 http://gallica.bnf.fr 8 http://dp.rastko.net 5 http://archive.org 3 http://gallica.bnf.fr/ 1 http://www.pgdpcanada.net 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59489/59489-h/59489-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59489/59489-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59162/59162-h/59162-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59162/59162-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/48185/48185-h/48185-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/48185/48185-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/46750/46750-h/46750-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/46750/46750-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/43283/43283-h/43283-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/43283/43283-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/43209/43209-h/43209-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/43209/43209-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/37937/37937-h/37937-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/37937/37937-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/35068/35068-h/35068-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/35068/35068-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/32343/32343-h/32343-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/32343/32343-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30875/30875-h/30875-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30875/30875-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/16485 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/3/8/9/3899/3899-h/3899-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/3/8/9/3891/3891-h/3891-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/3/8/8/3883/3883-h/3883-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/3/8/7/3875/3875-h/3875-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/3/8/5/3859/3859-h/3859-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/3/8/5/3854/3854-h/3854-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/3/8/4/3846/3846-h/3846-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/3/8/4/3841/3841-h/3841-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/8/1/9/28199/28199-h/28199-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/8/1/9/28199/28199-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/7/8/8/27881/27881-h/27881-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/7/8/8/27881/27881-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/5/8/4/25842/25842-h/25842-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/5/8/4/25842/25842-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/1/9/9/21996/21996-h/21996-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/1/9/9/21996/21996-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/0/1/2/20124/20124-h/20124-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/0/1/2/20124/20124-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/9/8/8/19882/19882-h/19882-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/9/8/8/19882/19882-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/8/0/8/18080/18080-h/18080-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/8/0/8/18080/18080-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/7/5/1/17511/17511-h/17511-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/7/5/1/17511/17511-h.zip Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 ccx074@coventry.ac.uk Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 128 _ see _ 109 one does not 94 nothing is more 89 king did not 83 napoleon did not 63 napoleon was not 57 emperor did not 55 france was not 50 king was not 49 one is not 44 people do not 42 people did not 41 nothing is so 40 napoleon had not 40 people are not 36 _ was _ 35 king had not 33 emperor was not 32 king was very 31 nothing was more 30 men are not 29 _ did not 29 king is not 29 king was so 28 _ is _ 27 _ was not 27 man is not 26 men did not 25 _ is not 25 time was not 24 _ see also 24 king was much 24 people were not 22 france had not 22 king is dead 22 napoleon was still 22 time had not 21 france was now 21 paris is not 21 paris was not 20 _ does not 20 _ see p. 20 day was not 20 emperor was much 20 man was not 20 napoleon was now 20 one has ever 20 one is more 19 france is not 19 king does not Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 france had not yet 7 time had not yet 6 france was no longer 6 one is not surprised 5 napoleon had not yet 5 one is no longer 5 time has not yet 5 time is not yet 4 _ is no longer 4 napoleon was not yet 4 people are not so 4 time was not ripe 4 time was not yet 3 _ are not as 3 _ were no longer 3 army was not yet 3 france has no longer 3 france has not yet 3 france was not more 3 france was not only 3 king had no sooner 3 king had not yet 3 king is not well 3 king was no sooner 3 king was not guilty 3 life was no longer 3 louis had no sooner 3 napoleon had not only 3 napoleon was no longer 3 one does not often 3 paris is no longer 3 people were not so 3 people were not yet 3 time is not far 3 time was not far 2 _ are not only 2 _ did not long 2 _ had no relations 2 _ has not yet 2 _ is not so 2 _ made no use 2 army is not fine 2 day had not yet 2 day is no whited 2 day is not so 2 day was not as 2 day was not far 2 day was not very 2 emperor did not again 2 emperor did not fully Sizes of items; "Measures in words, how big is each item?" ---------------------------------------------------------- 496092 3567 388158 14300 312020 19488 300739 3580 297816 30708 244031 58268 231435 8998 227572 2580 217318 42231 217201 59162 212634 32343 211921 14290 207525 34838 205552 21498 201441 11996 200909 18094 197378 10555 196225 18113 191690 20124 185763 7054 185252 2577 176366 14289 173355 2579 171552 36043 170096 8376 160880 2082 159757 9602 158069 14194 157564 2578 153569 2581 150485 10381 150435 41220 143622 2311 142402 36209 140955 32695 139368 31026 136712 62571 133386 27488 132732 19263 132669 57185 131268 6301 131005 26450 130797 11531 127709 34400 127505 7044 127120 28169 126253 27289 125324 19983 124614 11600 120705 14496 120315 59489 120046 11601 115152 5716 113301 45336 113006 2553 112966 17760 110096 12967 107695 2582 107478 43283 107160 37409 104476 37892 104188 11298 103289 34474 101079 8546 99365 32408 98866 37344 98762 9896 98288 13044 97696 7961 96532 22345 95420 37499 92571 38997 92100 8575 91474 39710 91082 43609 88686 37937 87929 10665 86305 35068 86172 17067 86126 41689 85906 14812 85520 16933 85462 20055 85279 12538 84020 35212 84008 8819 82637 35125 82020 44334 81170 16943 80862 9831 78816 14029 78373 46035 78046 25842 77601 27881 76885 28004 76388 13333 75964 10403 75248 20580 74733 42367 74418 16245 73352 27056 72273 43231 72240 35768 71648 4289 71279 28199 70432 28573 70406 43844 69546 41914 69443 11994 68606 37211 68606 45790 68337 20296 68151 21256 68068 46321 67669 15246 67232 46678 66600 47537 66038 12537 65101 44965 64385 11993 63906 29263 63739 20891 63095 28981 62659 10003 62658 29820 62647 29603 62574 32047 61571 9480 61566 35215 61277 44913 60024 46069 59185 30875 58091 45791 57971 43209 57955 61320 57520 28445 57335 8936 56992 20464 56585 28934 56443 19421 55741 52991 54627 50495 53343 8412 52319 17894 52290 11898 51779 45743 50318 16910 49589 46750 49349 22718 49252 35037 48900 3843 48340 18080 47275 16485 46681 3553 45186 35678 44595 56211 44458 10670 44137 36885 42946 16962 42473 42954 41840 8505 41424 9975 41352 21996 40760 1346 39847 48185 38661 9479 38644 11992 38257 40306 37510 32715 37017 52706 36943 19912 36148 3554 35862 16994 35477 34684 35035 20733 34986 14857 34813 3861 34514 3860 34311 14233 33657 3552 32509 3868 32283 22865 31801 33473 31706 10864 31618 3870 31358 17511 31035 3871 30469 3881 29815 31517 29492 3889 29227 3551 29203 11995 29173 1335 28950 40699 28665 3865 28063 3863 28054 3890 27786 3839 27267 3886 27194 36213 27142 3869 27005 30981 26860 3866 26525 3844 26258 47233 25997 3873 25610 3874 25450 3867 25337 3872 25331 57786 25058 3862 24896 3838 24622 3856 23498 3852 23340 3855 23096 3858 22981 19882 22844 43831 22831 3885 22782 3864 22579 3876 22548 32197 22369 20304 22153 3882 22011 3897 22005 6303 21666 48470 21589 3840 21452 32196 21368 3877 21199 3898 20968 3887 20183 10813 20150 3888 20054 3880 19449 3853 19069 3851 18872 3894 18531 8595 18454 3857 18411 3879 18222 3893 18088 3850 17918 45076 17665 2645 17636 34071 17555 3896 17495 16518 17239 3892 16345 3895 16135 3849 15980 3847 15909 3848 15081 3842 14899 3878 14142 33249 14087 11278 13989 3884 13250 3845 12473 8594 12434 28053 10867 8593 9845 45479 7563 19410 6442 13048 3172 28879 2672 23524 2269 29250 1777 28959 1004 7565 856 7559 831 7558 718 7564 668 7561 615 7562 568 7563 310 7566 248 54323 24538 24818 24360 24519 24862 2401 3560 3557 3558 3559 3561 3556 3555 3574 3573 3572 3571 3578 3576 3575 3579 3577 3564 3565 3562 3566 3563 3569 3568 3570 4584 3740 3730 3900 3775 2159 24718 24659 448 24452 24570 Readability of items; "How difficult is each item to read?" ----------------------------------------------------------- 98.0 28879 92.0 48470 89.0 28959 89.0 33249 88.0 34474 86.0 19488 86.0 9479 86.0 13048 86.0 45743 85.0 29250 85.0 11278 85.0 59489 85.0 43831 84.0 19882 84.0 7044 84.0 7562 83.0 31517 83.0 7961 83.0 7565 83.0 36213 83.0 37499 82.0 21996 82.0 10381 82.0 7564 82.0 7566 82.0 10403 82.0 43283 82.0 42954 82.0 35068 81.0 14029 81.0 7563 81.0 35037 81.0 36885 81.0 40699 81.0 45790 80.0 20055 80.0 30981 80.0 3857 80.0 33473 80.0 37937 79.0 16933 79.0 16994 79.0 16962 79.0 17894 79.0 3877 79.0 3855 79.0 8819 79.0 48185 79.0 46750 79.0 34684 78.0 20580 78.0 3876 78.0 3856 78.0 3858 78.0 7558 78.0 7561 78.0 35125 78.0 50495 78.0 45479 78.0 62571 77.0 16943 77.0 14812 77.0 20304 77.0 8546 77.0 37409 77.0 37211 77.0 56211 77.0 14233 76.0 14496 76.0 3850 76.0 3849 76.0 13333 76.0 34838 76.0 43844 76.0 46035 76.0 16518 75.0 14290 75.0 30708 75.0 14194 75.0 2082 75.0 4289 75.0 3847 75.0 3848 75.0 3865 75.0 3860 75.0 3861 75.0 9831 75.0 10003 75.0 6301 75.0 32408 75.0 47233 75.0 42367 75.0 41689 75.0 44913 75.0 54323 74.0 19263 74.0 28573 74.0 29820 74.0 17067 74.0 2553 74.0 3868 74.0 3869 74.0 3863 74.0 3866 74.0 3867 74.0 3864 74.0 11298 74.0 12967 74.0 47537 74.0 43609 74.0 43231 74.0 41914 74.0 46069 74.0 44334 73.0 20464 73.0 21498 73.0 17511 73.0 27056 73.0 14857 73.0 3890 73.0 3862 73.0 3871 73.0 3873 73.0 3851 73.0 5716 73.0 10665 73.0 10670 73.0 8593 73.0 32343 73.0 40306 73.0 35212 73.0 45336 73.0 45791 73.0 46321 73.0 10813 73.0 8412 72.0 20124 72.0 30875 72.0 21256 72.0 3882 72.0 3838 72.0 3870 72.0 36043 72.0 37344 72.0 39710 72.0 43209 72.0 59162 72.0 11898 72.0 32196 72.0 32197 71.0 19912 71.0 28004 71.0 29603 71.0 14300 71.0 16910 71.0 26450 71.0 28053 71.0 3553 71.0 3554 71.0 3889 71.0 3884 71.0 3840 71.0 3874 71.0 3852 71.0 3853 71.0 9480 71.0 8575 71.0 34071 71.0 36209 71.0 46678 71.0 52706 71.0 2645 71.0 32695 70.0 19983 70.0 27881 70.0 29263 70.0 22718 70.0 3552 70.0 2577 70.0 2579 70.0 3881 70.0 3887 70.0 3872 70.0 6303 70.0 7559 70.0 8594 70.0 8505 70.0 32047 70.0 37892 70.0 38997 70.0 45076 70.0 61320 70.0 2311 70.0 10864 69.0 19421 69.0 28199 69.0 28445 69.0 28981 69.0 28934 69.0 18080 69.0 27488 69.0 23524 69.0 18094 69.0 3567 69.0 3886 69.0 3888 69.0 9975 69.0 8595 69.0 35768 69.0 42231 69.0 52991 69.0 57185 69.0 25842 68.0 16485 68.0 15246 68.0 22345 68.0 3885 68.0 3839 68.0 2580 68.0 41220 68.0 34400 67.0 3551 67.0 2578 67.0 3844 67.0 3842 67.0 9896 67.0 13044 67.0 8936 67.0 8376 67.0 8998 66.0 14289 66.0 18113 66.0 3580 66.0 3845 66.0 3880 66.0 12538 66.0 7054 66.0 58268 65.0 20891 65.0 3843 65.0 3879 65.0 10555 65.0 12537 65.0 32715 65.0 20733 64.0 27289 64.0 20296 64.0 3878 64.0 1335 64.0 2581 64.0 35678 64.0 44965 63.0 16245 63.0 22865 63.0 31026 63.0 11600 63.0 57786 62.0 9602 62.0 11601 62.0 11531 61.0 19410 61.0 3897 61.0 3896 61.0 11992 61.0 35215 60.0 3893 59.0 2582 59.0 11995 58.0 28169 58.0 3894 58.0 3895 57.0 3898 57.0 11996 57.0 11993 56.0 3892 55.0 1346 55.0 11994 52.0 17760 24538 24818 24360 24519 24862 2401 3560 3557 3558 3559 3561 3556 3555 3574 3573 3572 3571 3578 3576 3575 3579 3577 3564 3565 3562 3566 3563 3569 3568 3570 4584 3740 3730 3900 3775 2159 24718 24659 448 24452 24570 Item summaries; "In a narrative form, how can each item be abstracted?" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 10003 day, a thing all young women are most particular about in Paris. great friends at the German Embassy (Count Arco) said to me: "This is It is a great day in Paris--one of the sights of the year--and falling used to people those wonderful gardens in the old days of Versailles! political men, the marshal''s personal friends of the droite went to him One of the first big things I saw in Paris was the opening of the Grand All sorts of interesting people came to see us at the Ministry of Public Paris, where all sorts of questions were coming up every day, and he was We got very little country life during those years at the Foreign elegant figure and charming smile--didn''t look like a man whose life with people those last two days, all W.''s friends coming to express The next day Madame de Freycinet came to see me, and we went over the 10381 He turned to the right and entered the old Rue du Temple, and a moment "General," said the Commissary, "I have come to fulfil a duty." "It is too much," said Eugène Sue. All the Representatives left the room. "This man only recognizes force," said the Representatives. placed at a little side-door, which was left open, with orders only to Representative Lherbette came up to General Forey, and said to him, several Representatives, entered and said, "Citizens, this house is Towards three o''clock about sixty Representatives were meeting at No. 10, Rue des Moulins, in the large drawing-room, out of which opened a you said to us, ''There is no longer Left or Right; we are the Assembly.'' Louis Bonaparte, who having in 1848 taken the place of General "No," said the little man, "it is the slamming of a street-door." Then of these men at the moment when he was arrested said, "I have come to 10403 Song"--Baudéan--Campan, its people and church--Wayside chapels--Ste. Marie--The route to Gripp, &c.--Payole--The pine forest--The Col town--Grand Etablissement--Promenade Horizontale--Hospice de Ste. Eugénie--"The Jay of Barèges"--Wood anemones--Hepaticas--Valley turning to the right past the Church of St. Martin--a fine wellbuilt edifice--and the Hôtel Gassion, it stands in full view, and French, we had passed to the right of the quaint old town of Nay, The old church, which stands near the market-place is well worth a on either side, but as soon as this was passed, another threequarter mile of open driving brought us to the Col d''Aspin (4920 forks; the branch to the left leads to Luz, while the road to St. Sauveur branches off to the right, and passes through the village of high road down through the town, passing in turn the Roman-like and The road leading from the river back to the Hôtel de France passes 10555 number of letters which passed between the queen, her mother the Empressqueen (Maria Teresa), and her brothers Joseph and Leopold, who Opinion of the Queen''s Friends.--Marie Antoinette''s Letter to the the part of either the Empress-queen or the King of France, Louis XV., write, knowing that Madame du Barri read all the king''s letters; but Mercy before the death of the late king, Louis and Marie Antoinette had relieved Grains.--The King is crowned at Rheims.--Feelings of Marie Antoinette.-Grains.--The King is crowned at Rheims.--Feelings of Marie Antoinette.-of the Queen''s Friends.--Marie Antoinette''s Letter to the Empress on his City, and in the Assembly.--The King and Queen are brought back to Paris. City, and in the Assembly.--The King and Queen are brought back to Paris. Election to the New Assembly.--Letters of Marie Antoinette to the Emperor Election to the New Assembly.--Letters of Marie Antoinette to the Emperor 10665 love Marion de Lormes, a proceeding which gave Ninon great pleasure as logical mind, that a passion like love produced among men different class of women, whom Ninon called "Jansensists of love," because they hearted friendship for the men she loved, and she bestowed it upon The young Duke, penetrated with love and esteem for Ninon, passed at Ninon was affected by the spirit of the times, and being a woman, it that the men had deserted Ninon in her old age, leaving women to take Mademoiselle de l''Enclos writes about the heart, love, and women. The desire for love is, in a woman, a large part of her nature. qualities of heart and mind are the causes of the love they feel out of the fact of being loved, and their hearts to take less pleasure more dangerous for a woman than the weaknesses of her friend; love, 10670 great may be public curiosity; but most certainly Zola has not taken up said, is really Zola''s one great object in this terrible business. Zola''s exile, like his letter to President Faure and his On the 20th, however, the telegrams gave out that Zola had left Paris on Zola''s whereabouts until the ''Times'' Paris Zola did on arriving in England was to communicate with me and in certain To make matters even more suspicious, when, after placing Zola''s note in M. Zola, I should add, remained most anxious to secure an English legal private room exclaimed, ''So our friend Zola is in London!'' M. Zola left Paris, and throughout his sojourn in London and its Zola through me was explained by the news in the English newspapers. Zola''s friends, Wareham''s name and Zola''s French publisher) had come to London for the Zola and at times to myself hours--and even 10813 A little casement window to the left of the wide entrance-door [Illustration: The Red Cross in the Window] "young table-cloths"--the little Colonel made haste to fold his also. look exchanged, the little Colonel passed out alone. Of a former visit to Versailles we had retained little more than the In cold weather the school-girls wear snug hoods, or little the open-air market rouses Versailles from her dormouse-like slumber and In Versailles Madame does her own marketing, her maid--in sabots and little village of counterfeit rusticity wherein Marie Antoinette loved The Château of Versailles, like the town, dozes through the winter, only time we sat together around the little tree, watching the Soeur light the little room with the red cross on its casement, wherein, although our admirably illustrated by Mr. A.S. Boyd, whose sense of humour happily Mr. Boyd''s illustrations add greatly to the interest and charm of the book. 10864 first gave me the idea of visiting the country called le Bocage, the main road, at the distance of a league, through a country scarcely place; it is now a complete ruin, and a few stones alone mark the spot country, at the time of the French Revolution, when they shared the of the place, as I viewed it at the close of day, occasioned mingled The following day, having taken leave of my hospitable host, who the river forms a small lake, surrounded by a wood at the foot of a French taken, knew for the first time, that the King of England had handsome, having in some places a very singular appearance, from the this mode of warfare, took place: the son of one of the Vendean to be met with than along the banks of the river, and in the country 11278 Napoleon''s personality upon two great peoples--the Russians and the related to a group of French peasants by one of his old soldiers--a man Lord God wanted to punish the people of the world for their wickedness. Then suddenly up comes Ivan-angel, a simple-minded soul whom the Lord God "Napoleonder!" cries the Lord God. The Lord God says to the archangel Gabriel: "Look in the Book of Life, "I have heard, Napoleonder," says the Lord God, "that you want to Then the Lord God heard the wail of the Russian people and the prayers "Cross yourself, Napoleonder!" said the young soldier. "Then what''s the use of your conquering the world?" said the soldier. "Of course I have," replied Napoleonder; "a man can''t live without a "I''ve heard," he said to himself, "that when a dead man appears in a young soldier said: "It''s useless to shout, Napoleonder. 11298 little staircase cut in the rock, against which the house was built, I had passed through the village of Alvignac--a little watering-place previous day, passing through the little village of St. Laurent-les-Tours, which lies immediately under the old fortress after rocked his little vanity like the rest of mortals. been little changed by the smoke, but stand like white figures of are the dirty little streets like crooked lanes, where old women, who this old houses, half brick, half wood, still cling, like those little walked round the little church, knee-deep in the long grave-grass, and little towns, watching the same people growing old, and spending only seeing rocks covering several acres, and looking like the ruins of a years old, and she had great trouble to keep her little brown feet clambers over ruined houses and old walls built on to the rock, and 11531 [Illustration: MARIE DE MEDICIS, SECOND QUEEN OF HENRY IV OF FRANCE.] 1. MARIE DE MEDICIS, SECOND QUEEN OF HENRY IV OF FRANCE. with the King of Navarre--Massacre of Saint Bartholomew--Henri, Duc with the King of Navarre--Massacre of Saint Bartholomew--Henri, Duc magnificently received; Henri d''Anjou was declared King of Poland; and, of the Queen-mother and her son; and the Court of France became ere long rejoicings--The royal marriage--Henry returns to Paris--The Queen''s rejoicings--The royal marriage--Henry returns to Paris--The Queen''s Queen--Weakness of Henry--Intrigue of Madame de Villars--The King Queen--Weakness of Henry--Intrigue of Madame de Villars--The King passion of Henry for Madame de Verneuil--Anger of the Queen--Quarrel of passion of Henry for Madame de Verneuil--Anger of the Queen--Quarrel of and Queen--Madame de Verneuil and the Duc de Guise---Court and Queen--Madame de Verneuil and the Duc de Guise---Court King--The Queen informs the Spanish minister of the conspiracy--Madame King--The Queen informs the Spanish minister of the conspiracy--Madame 11600 the Duc de Mayenne--Alarm of the Regent--Sully leaves Paris--Madame de Prince de Condé retires to Guienne--The Duc d''Epernon is charged to Prince--Cunning of Concini--Bouillon returns to Court--He offers his Self-possession of Marie de Medicis--The Ducs de Guise and d''Epernon Self-possession of Marie de Medicis--The Ducs de Guise and d''Epernon of the Court to the Louvre--The Duc de Sully visits the Queen--Effect of still declares, the said Queen, the King''s mother, Regent of France, to King--Disaffection of the Princes--Frankness of the Duc de Guise--The King--Disaffection of the Princes--Frankness of the Duc de Guise--The On the departure of the two Princes, Marie urged the Duc de Guise to Condé and the Duc de Vendôme leave the Court--The Regent refuses to Condé and the Duc de Vendôme leave the Court--The Regent refuses to de Mayenne return to Court--They seek to ruin Concini--The Prince de de Mayenne return to Court--They seek to ruin Concini--The Prince de 11601 of Marie de Medicis--Father Joseph endeavours to induce the Queen-mother of Marie de Medicis--Father Joseph endeavours to induce the Queen-mother Queen-mother--A royal meeting--Return of the Court to Tours--Marie Queen-mother--A royal meeting--Return of the Court to Tours--Marie The effect of Richelieu''s presence at the Court of the Queen-mother soon Luynes--Marie de Medicis negotiates with the King--Louis declines her Luynes--Marie de Medicis negotiates with the King--Louis declines her the Queen-mother--Policy of Marie--Richelieu seeks to effect the Queen-mother--Policy of Marie--Richelieu seeks to effect Queen-mother resolves to accompany her son to Italy--Richelieu assures Queen-mother resolves to accompany her son to Italy--Richelieu assures Queen-mother and the Duc d''Orléans are tried and condemned--Louis XIII Queen-mother and the Duc d''Orléans are tried and condemned--Louis XIII King--Richelieu determines Louis to reply by a refusal--Monsieur King--Richelieu determines Louis to reply by a refusal--Monsieur English King--The Court of the Queen-mother--The French Ambassador is English King--The Court of the Queen-mother--The French Ambassador is 11898 In the distance, the blue Pyrenees look like a bank of clouds; the air My third day''s journey brought me to the ancient city of Blois, the The Castle of Amboise stands high above the town, like another These great towers and the exquisite little chapel were the work of the little tree-bordered place of to-day, which in other times formed the château was built passed great highly colored barges, including a The enormous city heaps its monumental houses along the river like that one may come here and live in melody all day or night, like the towns, which tho forming part of the great city are yet independent, Holland is in great part lower than the level of the sea; It is a singular thing that the great cities of Holland, altho built houses for a long distance lean all one way, like trees beaten by a 11992 French writer has aptly observed, that "En revolution comme en morale, ce the French government appears powerful only in destruction, and inventive their new form of government, do it at present with great sobriety--the I have frequently observed how little taste the French have for the that, on the whole, time passes heavily with a people who, generally Adieu:--the situation of my friends in this country makes me think of destroy a good constitution--and the French may with equal reason grant I observe, in walking the streets here, that the common people still * In times of public commotion people frequently send their valuable a description of the manners of the people of Paris at this moment: the The public papers will now inform you, that the French are at liberty to from the people, that the French are in danger of becoming habituated to 11993 more subject to that human weakness called feeling, than any other people places they are forcing the old ones to abandon, and the people, eager I told you, I believe, in a former letter, that the people of Amiens were heard of, but his death offered an occasion for exciting the people too the people be changed with the form of their government: but, I believe, Convention and the People: every thing is effected by fear--nothing by our revolution is intended to favour the country people, _"c''est The little information generally possessed by the middle classes of life believe, no person acquainted with both nations can discover any thing to general: the people have little preference between Brissot and Marat, Every thing is sacrificed to the army and Paris, and the people the Convention have found time to pass a decree for obliging women to 11994 The great experiment of governing a civilized people without religion of the Convention,* agents of subsistence,** committee men, Jacobin Public Welfare, while it enslaved the convention and the people, was torn Convention joined in accusing Robespierre of tyranny; and Barrere, who people and the Convention are both endeavouring to make instruments of Convention is at war with the Jacobins--and the people, even to the most thousand innocent people to death in less time than it has already taken Convention and the people, the former is much less popular in detail than a certain number of public establishments, and that people shall even be When it is said that a people are republicans, we must suppose they are in the prisons have been put to death by the people: an act of prison, he applied in person to a member of the Convention, to learn when 11995 Nothing proves more that the French republican government was originally regulation, more advantageous to the Convention than the people, keeps The decree of the Convention to the same effect passed about the 1st Maignet was authorized, by an express decree of the Convention, to burn private necessities or afflictions; people who cannot procure bread or it is to describe the political situation of a country governed by no the Cicerone of a country friend on the day the Convention was first to the revolutionary school, or the people of Paris, that Madame The practice of the government appears to depart every day more widely were people of condition); and having occasion to speak to a person at "In the name of the French people the Representatives sent to The Committees of Government, and indeed most of the Convention who have people, long amused by a supposed design of the Convention to place the 11996 the French government appears powerful only in destruction, and inventive that, on the whole, time passes heavily with a people who, generally * In times of public commotion people frequently send their valuable the people be changed with the form of their government: but, I believe, Convention and the People: every thing is effected by fear--nothing by our revolution is intended to favour the country people, _"c''est general: the people have little preference between Brissot and Marat, twenty years imprisonment only; but people are guillotined every day for the Convention have found time to pass a decree for obliging women to The great experiment of governing a civilized people without religion Convention is at war with the Jacobins--and the people, even to the most a certain number of public establishments, and that people shall even be people, long amused by a supposed design of the Convention to place the 12537 Plate 11 Sculpture, supposed Roman, in the Church of St. Paul, at Rouen. Plate 12 Circular Tower, attached to the Church of St. Ouen, at Rouen. Plate 18 Tower of the Church of St. Ouen, at Rouen. DIEPPE--CASTLE--CHURCHES--HISTORY OF THE PLACE--FEAST OF THE ASSUMPTION. DIEPPE--CASTLE--CHURCHES--HISTORY OF THE PLACE--FEAST OF THE ASSUMPTION. St. Ouen, Bishop of Rouen, dedicated the church in the presence of King good sportsman may, at the present time, between Dieppe and Rouen kill Rouen, at present, holds the fifth place among the towns; though it was [Illustration: Sculpture, supposed Roman, in the Church of St. Paul, at Rouen ] [Illustration: Circular Tower, attached to the Church of St. Ouen, at Rouen] The first church at Rouen was built about the year 270: three hundred [Illustration: Tower of the Church of St. Ouen, at Rouen] [Illustration: Head of Christ, in the Church of St. Ouen, at Rouen, seen in front] 12538 Plate 41 Tower of St. John''s Church, at Caen building at least of equal antiquity with the great church. [Illustration: Ancient trefoil-headed Arches in Abbey of Jumieges] the archbishop''s signet.--A crypt, the original burial place of St. Taurinus, is still shewn in the church, and it continues to be the churches of great antiquity, it is not built in the form of a cross, but We visited only one other of the churches in Lisieux, that of St. Jacques, a large edifice, in a bad style of pointed architecture, and FRENCH POLICE--RIDE FROM LISIEUX TO CAEN--CIDER--GENERAL APPEARANCE AND FRENCH POLICE--RIDE FROM LISIEUX TO CAEN--CIDER--GENERAL APPEARANCE AND [Illustration: Tower and Spire of St. Peter''s Church, at Caen] [Illustration: Sculpture upon a Capital in St. Peter''s Church at Caen] [Illustration: Tower of St. John''s Church, at Caen] _Trinity Holy, church of the abbey of the_, at Caen, now a work-house, 12967 the Queen my mother, and King Charles my brother. came to Paris to inform the King and the Queen my mother that As soon as day broke, the King my husband said he would I felt when the King, having saluted the Queen my mother, came The King my brother was anxious to see the Queen my mother which place she came to marry King Charles my brother, a lady The King said to Madame de Pompadour, I asked Madame, if the young lady knew that the King was the the order, and returned; and Madame told me to give her the King''s King''s presence, and yet he is so good-natured.'' ''Madame,'' said Madame said she did not believe the King had any equal to them. The King came into Madame de Pompadour''s room, one day, as she he can do better." "The King has promised nothing," said Madame, 13044 and great-grand-children, all remarkable for their good looks, and French people, however, remain so short a time at table, and dine so good taste of every class of women in Paris in dress, precludes those We saw the house for the first time yesterday; engaged it to-day for a The attention paid by young men to old women in Parisian society is We feel like children with a new plaything, in our beautiful house; but The Duc and Duchesse de Guiche leave Paris, to my great regret, in a are in general said to be, and appears to be as good-natured as she is Like most people remarkable for good looks, General d''Orsay is reported Old people like these appear to forget, as they are forgotten by, time; How little do we know people whom we meet only in general society, in and amusing man, with remarkably good manners, a great knowledge of the 13048 _The Radcliffe Unit in France collaborated with the French Red Cross in walked through the old tennis court where a little summer house remained "Ah, I have had good times here," she said in the expressionless voice Shall I tell you about the old woman and her statue of Sainte Claire? visits, living in her clean little house that had been well mended. "_Voilà ma Sainte Claire!_" exclaimed the old peasant woman, crossing for thirteen months, Madame, I lived in this hole with Sainte Claire It was Sainte Claire, Madame, who Mademoiselle Froissart and I left the _Poste de Secours_ one day, and from Mademoiselle Froissart, out of the corner of my eye I saw a machine "Just one old man," said the poilu, "who lives all alone in his cellar, "Mademoiselle, I accept them with my profound thanks," said the old determined little face with its deep set blue eyes, and sharp features 13333 ''Surely,'' said Madame de Tocqueville, ''he will wish to remain at peace ''The gayest time,'' said Tocqueville, ''that I ever passed was in the Quai ''I think,'' said Tocqueville, ''that he has been the most mischievous man ''So enormous,'' said Tocqueville, ''are the advantages of Louis Napoleon''s this time next year we shall be discussing Lord John''s new Reform Bill. ''I never,'' said Tocqueville, ''have known Paris so animated or apparently ''It is difficult,'' said Tocqueville, ''to wish that so great a speech had ''The worst faults of this Government,'' said Tocqueville, ''are those which ''We have followed,'' said Tocqueville, ''that system to a great extent for ''It is scarcely possible,'' said Tocqueville, ''for a man to be original in ''It is rather a French than an English fault,'' said Tocqueville. ''Tocqueville,'' I said, ''told me that he did not think that he could 1335 even the eighteenth century) "the poor man enjoyed the privilege of men have been working upwards into the middle class, and through it, than are the commercial class like the old French bourgeoisie, or the supposed right, was to govern his fellow-men, by example, as well as by Burgunds, who in the early Middle Age leaped on the backs (to use Mr. Carlyle''s expression) of the Roman nations, were actually, in all senses Not good men according to our higher standard--far from it; world in which God''s ways and thoughts are for ever higher than man''s; of God; and some of the men of the eighteenth century did not learn that eighteenth century, when thought began to revive, and men dreamed of in Europe, during the eighteenth century, were working not merely new that France was the country in which men had become most alike." circumstances of their political state--to that "government of one man 1346 The constitution, the national assembly, the dynastic parties, the blue The history of the Constitutional National Assembly from the June days of the parliamentary power: When the National Assembly, on May 8, 1849, secured the large majority in the National Assembly to the party of The party of Order fought for the victory, Bonaparte needed only to Ministry in order to break up the republican National Assembly in the National Assembly break with the President of the republic at a time did Bonaparte''s message now apostrophize the party of Order: "France interpellation, the National Assembly went over to the order of the day, The party of Order had the constitutional power hereto. That the Army would have obeyed the orders of the National Assembly is of the struggle between the party of Order and the Executive power. Should the party of Order place Bonaparte himself Assembly with Bonaparte and with the united party of Order. 14029 was in a fine old château standing high in pretty, undulating, wooded mostly women and children, only a very few old men and young boys There is a pretty little old château at Boursonne; the park, however, principal people of the little country town near, from which we had large, high room, no carpet, no fire, some fine portraits, very little avenue leading up to the gate, a pretty little park with fine trees at The fine old church, which is rather large for such a small village, was morning was beautiful--a splendid August day, not too hot, little white promised days of high pay and little work are coming. We all worked hard for about an hour, and the little church looked quite Ruines," a dirty little place just under the great walls of the château, little hilly, looked like beautiful green paths going straight up to the 14194 had a second time entered France to make her pass under the saws king''s fourth son, who has proved himself a man brave, generous, The day before the Emperor Napoleon left Paris for the campaign News was at once sent by telegraph to Paris; but the great wooden-armed ready for a war with France; but Louis Napoleon of his own free will Louis Philippe had been raised to power by four great men,--Lafayette, then the Lieutenant-General commanding the National Guard of Paris, At a ball given on New Year''s Day, 1853, by the emperor at the The next day came a council attended by the emperor, Prince Albert, The Emperor Napoleon was wholly unable to leave France at a time answered that the Government of Paris had put off a long time asking By order of General Cluseret every man in Paris was to be forced 14233 thrown at its feet like a mass of pebbles at the foot of a rock, looks like an imposing fortress, with its large towers pierced by long, narrow which covers the grey stones and sways in the wind, like an immense Presently, a long, balmy breeze swept over us like a sigh, and the trees The open sky, the growing grass, the passing wind. After passing over large pieces of rock that have been placed in the sea stone, it looks like one of those hollowed rocks which contain salt little, it separated and spread like the hair of a woman. and the pools of water coloured by the setting sun looked like immense clogged wheel, you follow the wall by stepping on large stones placed in sea-weed dot the beach and look like black spots on its light surface. After following a long wall, we entered through an old door into a 14289 French Revolution, describes the state of Corsica in his natal year. against their new French oppressors: the fourth, the famous Napoleon, French general commanding the army of Italy.[18] French Army of Italy, shows that Buonaparte had aroused at least as French commander replied that such powers belonged to the Directory; general had a great influence in restoring the _morale_ of the French virtually founded a new State, for whose security French honour was victories of Bonaparte raised the power of France to heights never of Bonaparte''s character, but of that of the French army and people. August 1st forthwith proclaimed Napoleon Bonaparte Consul for Life and France and the completion of Napoleon''s power: it touched on foreign Consul than he planned with the Institute of France a great French French general as a military district of France. France and her subject-lands, as well as from the French colonies 14290 the French from the Main, he received news through Napoleon''s spies close of August, Napoleon wheeled the Grand Army against Austria. two days'' time Napoleon agreed to an armistice (signed on December desire to stop "an impolitic war," that urged Napoleon two days later Thirteen days after the great battle, Napoleon himself entered Berlin unless England speedily made peace with France, Napoleon would annex A few days later came Napoleon''s request for the hand of the Czar''s allies, Count Bubna to Napoleon, with the offer of Austria''s armed Napoleon''s chief army, wherever it was: those allied corps that "The Emperor Napoleon must become King of France. Napoleon, when the capture of a French despatch, and the news Napoleon''s evidence to prove that the French ships were at that time [Footnote 187: "New Letters of Napoleon."] [Footnote 432: From Caulaincourt''s letter of March 3rd to Napoleon; 14300 against their new French oppressors: the fourth, the famous Napoleon, great enterprise of the Napoleonic period, the codification of French France and the completion of Napoleon''s power: it touched on foreign Consul than he planned with the Institute of France a great French Napoleon sent off a counterblast, alleging that French troops had Napoleonic intrigues, forced France to forego her oceanic plans, to Having quartered 60,000 French troops on Naples and Hanover, Napoleon Napoleon received this news on March 1st, and ordered the closest the French from the Main, he received news through Napoleon''s spies unless England speedily made peace with France, Napoleon would annex Napoleon''s chief army, wherever it was: those allied corps that "The Emperor Napoleon must become King of France. Napoleon, when the capture of a French despatch, and the news Napoleon''s evidence to prove that the French ships were at that time [Footnote 187: "New Letters of Napoleon."] 14496 The admission of Charles, Duke of Burgundy into the series of Heroes CHARLES THE BOLD, DUKE OF BURGUNDY _Frontispiece_ CHARLES, DUKE OF BURGUNDY, PRESIDING OVER A MEDAL OF CHARLES, DUKE OF BURGUNDY following year, Charles accompanied his father when Philip made one king" that Charles of Burgundy had assured him that for two realms [Illustration: CHARLES, DUKE OF BURGUNDY, PRESIDING OVER A CHAPTER OF Duke of Brittany that followed Charles into Holland, whither he had [Illustration: MEDAL OF CHARLES, DUKE OF BURGUNDY (FROM BARANTE)] "The same day that the duke received news of the king''s arrival in [Footnote 16: Duke Charles to the Council of the King at Rouen, May however, in Louis''s possession, and Charles of Burgundy, ready to _History of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy_. Burgundy, Charles the Bold, (Count of Charolais), Duke of; Burgundy, Philip the Good, Duke of, marriages of; 14812 "How comes it to pass," wondered a traveler, over twenty years ago, little tunnels under the rocks, each turn giving a new view of the bay We shall long feel the warm life of the fresh June days by the little notch of water that turns in at the left toward the town. carriage-way along the chain, we shall see modern road-making in its is little splendor in the old town as one views it to-day; yet in coming from the long slopes to join the hurrying Gave de Pau. Houses and day''s long visit to the monster sight of the mountains, the Cirque of Thermale,--the great carriage-road on to Cauterets and Bigorre, which we We have planned for a view to-day of the great Pic du Midi d''Ossau,--the away by a bridle-path, passing on the way several much-admired mountain mountain, and some of us are quickly on foot, crossing the road''s great 14857 your glorious Sun King, the Grand Monarch, Louis the Fourteenth, build England, then seeking refuge in France, Louis XIV dined at Versailles annalist of that epoch, Versailles, under the new orders of the King, new buildings containing the state apartments of the King and Queen and Visitors to Versailles view the private or "little" apartments of King "Versailles and the Court Under Louis XIV." "The The King, the Queen, and all the Court took their seats The Sun King built Versailles and established his Court there. Madame de Maintenon conducted the Queen to the door of the King''s room, years after the death of Louis XIV, one of the new King''s first of Louis XIV rooms were added for the favorites of the King. Marble Court, above the private apartments of the King. In the Chamber of Louis XIV the King and Queen examined the Versailles, this time in honor of the King of Spain. 15246 Napoleon, but this was not the general view of the men with whom I Emperor Napoleon states: "It is my wish that my ashes may repose on authorisation to remove the remains of the Emperor Napoleon from receive the mortal remains of the Emperor Napoleon. British Government of that time from having violated every humane law. Napoleon has said, "In the course of time, nothing will be thought so The Emperor received Lord Amherst, who was a man of some human Even Napoleon''s father-in-law, the Emperor of Austria, who Strange though it may appear, the son of the Great Napoleon and Whether the gifted and amiable son of the Emperor Napoleon was her be judged as a man," said Napoleon, and in truth he was right in Louis Napoleon, whose life he desired to take, but who, with great great Napoleon. Napoleon at St. Helena and Sir Hudson Lowe, by Forsyth. Napoleon proclaimed Emperor of France. 16245 Bonaparte''s power, by the state of France, and the progress of such a man ought to have formed his opinion of the government which respectable persons.--Public opinion, it is said, will prevent this, persons or things of the present day, that you discover the in return sent them next day presents of elegant and good books for England and France, came to put the crown to Bonaparte''s good against the life of a French general, at a moment when he was far said Bonaparte, "a house which has long reigned in a country always But Bonaparte only wished to teach the French one thing, my last days in France, with some friends, whose recollection lives A few days after we had visited these places, the French government and as was said by a man of wit, their manner of governing in Appearance of the Country.--Character of the Russians. Appearance of the Country.--Character of the Russians. 16485 is a dirty world, but like France, has a vast number of good things in are not many parts of France where a man, who has but little money, can In a very few days I shall leave this town, and having procured letters here a little; but I will only ask you, in which state think you man is France, you meet with an infinite number of people travelling on foot, great number of towns, villages, castles, _chateaux_, and farm-houses; to the General Post-office, where I went every day for my letters, I neither man, woman, or child came near us, till I asked for water, and days ill in that house; but was attended by the priests of the town with genteel-looking young man, said he came from _Italy_, and was going to with a great number of country houses, but the plain also affords a 16518 rose of the bright streets abroad, their quaint old towers, and seen--sea and land, old towns in different countries, strange people, The little old harbour, like that of some fishing-place, offered thought of the brave little vessels, which through day and night, year Crossing the _place_ again, I come on the grim old church, built by It seemed like an old country-house transferred to town. are a few little shops, a few old houses, but the generality have from the old town with a sort of regret, having seen a great deal. This old town has other curious things to exhibit, such as the Like the old Calais watch-tower, it was piquant bell-tower seen rising above trees and houses, long before we When they had gone their way, I set off on mine up to the old town. The streets of this old town, as it is remarked by one of the Guide 16910 declared by the Pope of Rome to be "King of France, in virtue of his Philip, King of France, saw with dismay his richest province ruled by a court, by feudal law the King of France had legal authority to take the remaining feudal states, into subjection to the King of France; at During the fifteen years of the reign of Louis''s son, Philip III., of his three sons, Louis, Philip, and Charles, who successively reigned A mad king was on the throne of France, the worst woman in Henry V., at Rouen, was openly holding his court as King of France. Well was it for France that Charles VII., as king, developed unexpected By the Salic Law, Henry of Navarre was King of France. by France, just in time to make the great Corsican a French citizen. successively upon the throne of France, were at Versailles: Louis the 16933 March, Joan of Arc arrived beneath the long stretch of castle walls of A reliable account of Joan of Arc''s interview with King Charles has French force numbered about six thousand, led by Joan of Arc, the Duke Among others who went to see Joan of Arc in her prison came one day ''My King,'' answered Joan of Arc; and she went on to tell them how she that day, that Joan of Arc also said that she had returned to wearing the life of Joan of Arc after her interview with the King at Chinon life of Joan of Arc between the time of her arrival before Orleans and English feared Joan of Arc more than a hundred soldiers, and that her _JOAN OF ARC IN FRENCH AND ENGLISH HISTORY._ _JOAN OF ARC IN FRENCH AND ENGLISH HISTORY._ hands over Joan of Arc to the English, 137 16943 the great men of Paris and of France; and among them, a few of the student wished to leave Paris for the day on business, and asked my This is one reason why the poor people of Paris on _fete_ days, crowd to fact, that the whole past history of Paris and France is written in her disgraceful condition Paris and all France occupies at the present time, Many young Americans are in Paris, at the present time, the most distinguished men of Paris and France, and is by far the most body of men in Paris and in France--a majority of the people--who upon history of the great men of France, not only in the present day, but in great men who made Paris their home and final resting-place. the people of Paris, is still very great. In France, much more in Paris, the name of Corneille is to-day half 16962 Decreed that Paris shall form one department. Decreed, that the punishment of death shall be Decreed, that the guard for the King shall not In order to force the King to sanction some decrees to France shall suffer death, whether men, women, Pelletier, one who voted for the King''s death, is The convention decrees, that their army shall 1. The Convention declares war against the King of The national convention of Liege decrees the Decreed, that every soldier shall suffer death who French general; he kills 5000 men, and makes 3000 A general release of prisoners confined in France The convention decrees that all those shall be 6. The convention addresses the French people to The convention decrees that France is a republic, Decreed, that every member of the convention shall President "I declare in the name of the National Convention LOUIS "from the national convention a sentence of death; 16994 man attacked me on my way to or from the town, where I went every day, I beautiful, but near the town scarce any vegetation is seen; on all sides yet that Lady did not mean to deceive; but people often prefer the town four following letters, M.L.M.E. _Francis_ the First, passing thro'' _Avignon_, visited this tomb, and passed through so many great and little towns, and extensive provinces, Any young gentleman traveller, particularly _of the English nation_, who tell you on my journey onwards, that I visited a little town in Between these two towns we met an English servant, in a rich laced We made two little days'' journey from _Fontainbleau_ to _Paris_, a town peut-etre pas la meme signification ce que nous appellons Grelot est une petite cochette fermee que l''on attache aux hochets des enfans pour les C''est loin des faux plaisirs que l''on trouve les vrais. 17067 said, the business man of Mme. de Combray, a worthy woman who lived in Another time the little girl brought news that Georges had left Paris After passing three years in Rouen, Mme. de Combray returned to arrived at Rouen, and immediately repaired to the house of a Mme. Lambert, a milliner in the Rue de l''Hôpital, to whom one of the letters The same evening the lawyer Lefebre, learned on reaching home, that Mme. de Combray had sent her gardener to ask him to come to her immediately The next day Mme. de Combray took two Caffarelli was to arrive in Falaise the next day, to interrogate Mme. Acquet. did not know Mme. Acquet''s hiding-place; but the lawyer Lefebre, who know, entered the room and said a few words to Mme. Acquet, who went Captain Delaitre "after having given Mme. Acquet her mother''s Le Chevalier''s escape, immediately showed Mme. Acquet the letter 17511 Foch begins his military studies, determined to be ready when France Where Foch''s great work as teacher prepared hundreds of officers for countrymen a sketch of the great, dominant figure of the World War. The thing about Foch that most impresses us as we come to know him is To the commander of General Foch''s type (and as we begin to study his After three years at Vincennes, Ferdinand Foch was recalled to the army For that was a time when men like Ferdinand Foch (whose whole heart was German power in war, Foch taught his students, lay in the great masses The military men of France knew that Germany had for years been When Foch was put in command of the Twentieth army corps at Nancy it Thus, at nightfall of the first day''s fighting, Foch''s new army had In 1912 General Foch had been the head of the French military 17760 a handsome and regular street, called the Rue Royale, rises in majestic the first appearance of Paris as you are borne through the Faubourg St. Denis; the street, it is true, is wide and the houses large, but they many noble institutions in different parts of France, Paris derived but succeeding reigns Paris appeared to make but little progress; some different merchants who arrive at Paris from the various parts of France We now re-enter the Rue de la Harpe, and notice the Royal College St. Louis, originally founded by Raoul Harcourt in 1280; the present ancient families of France have their town residences; the Rue St. Dominique is of the same description, and many others in this Rue Franc Bourgeois, is the Hôtel de Hollande, so called from its having France; the foreign merchant now feels that in visiting Paris he shall perhaps is not the case in all houses in Paris; persons wishing to view 17894 time of _Charles_ the Great, King of the _Franks_, all _Gallia_, that is, Kings in a _Great Council of the Nation_; the Sons of whom have this History of _Charles the Great_, he says, "The Nobility of the _Franks_ Consent _chosen_ King." And _Ado_ says, "The _Franks_ cast _Theodorick_ _Charles the Great_, had been the King of greatest Power and Authority the _Franks_) who spoke these Words to the King, _Gondobaldus_ says, he "The Sons (says he) of _Lewis_, late King of the _Franks_, _General_; for ''tis not lawful for the Kings of the _Franks_ to cut off Ancient Custom (says he) of the Kings of the _Franks_, every _Kalends of "As soon (says he) as King _Lewis_ arrived at _Paris_, he called Thing _sub Anno_ 662.--"From this Time, (says he) the Kings of the Place, ''tis manifest, That _not one_ of all that _great Number of Kings_ 18080 The descriptions of places and buildings in Normandy call for little or little town of PONT AUDEMER, with its quaint old gables, its galleries, and streets of time-worn buildings--centuries old. passing visit to Pont l''Evêque, another old town a few miles distant. The quiet contemplation of the old buildings in such towns as Pont old covered market-place, and the extent of the boundaries of the town, The approach to the town of Bayeux from the west, either by the old road century; we see the great Gothic hall of the Knights of Mont St. Michael, with its carved stone-work and lofty roof, supported by three town, as at Falaise, growing round its feet; also an old church at the busy, modern town; if its old houses and streets are being swept away, The watering-places of Normandy are so well known to English people that the best old work from view; and one whole street of wooden houses 18094 it,--king, queen, court, ministers, authorities, foreign powers,--it people will demand from them their king, the nation its chief. crowded with people; the national guards assembled; the drums beat to present to the Assembly the manifesto the king had left for his people. "Frenchmen," said the king in this address to his people, "so long as I read to the king and people the order of the Assembly, giving them the name of a sovereign assembly between the people and the king--he became the Assembly, in order to turn from the king all popular indignation, already; and to place again in the king''s hands the power the people The king gave, some days afterwards, a fête to the people of Paris, and The president replied to the king:--"The National Assembly having The people became a nation, the king a Constitution--a people--a king--a minister. liberty, king or people. 18113 respective armies--Position of the Russian forces--Napoleon''s plans in VII.--Napoleon''s departure from Wilna--Retreat of the Russian army from VI.--Disposition of the Russian army on the field of Borodino--Napoleon''s voltigeurs of the 33d--Surprising order in the Russian retreat--Napoleon''s favourable, owing to the destruction of the Russian army; Napoleon''s Polish troops and a French general were left with the Austrian army. Frederic the Second), Napoleon followed the course of the Russian army; opposed to the corps of 12,000 men commanded by the Russian general But 157,000 men were sufficient to destroy the Russian army by a army marched in three columns abreast; the Emperor, Murat, Davoust, and Napoleon announced a battle to his army; he allowed it two days to rest, but at the same time he gave orders that his guard should march next day Russian army, the five thousand men which still remained to him. 19263 a general notion of how the warlike operations round Paris appeared to a situation," said, as he dealt a hand, a knowing old man of the world, a I attempted this morning to obtain a pass from General Trochu. and National Guards, ready at a moment''s notice both by day and night to outside the forts, in which great numbers of Prussians have been killed. few days officers, even generals, were shot at by regiments outside the military strategy between the grocers of Paris and the Prussian generals civil and military Government of the whole country remaining in Paris is, to keep the Prussians out of Paris." He said a good deal more which know whether the Paris journals get to you through the Prussian lines; as took place to-day, the troops will quietly return into Paris. Paris to-day in the midst of a general 19410 bring great masses of men into the political unity of a nation. M. Taine''s book were a piece of abstract social analysis, the above French life and society, and to make such a study effective, the fixed classic form of the French intelligence. the Revolution.'' This classic spirit has in its literary form one or As an analysis of the classic spirit in French literature, nothing century in France was that men argued about the complex, M. Taine, like too many French Revolution were the product, not of the classic spirit applied to Taine''s criticism upon Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot, as estimate these great men, not as writers but as social forces, not the eighteenth century fared differently in England and in France, that only the revolutionary doctrine, which the eighteenth century disciplined in the French philosophy of the eighteenth century as because France was the land of the classic spirit, but because her 19421 deputies were only a small group of men in the great royal city appeared so dangerous, that the assembly passed a vote asking the King When, on the 11th, the news reached Paris that Louis had refused the King''s regiments, for the army operating against Paris was more foreign regiments sent by Louis XVI to persuade his good people of Paris into other two, Paris and King Louis, watched its proceedings with growing On that day the assembly sent to the King a King must come to Paris; all this increasing vastly in force since the constitutional action to free the King from the domination of Paris. assembly voted decrees excluding its members from the King''s ministry, outside Paris, 14,000 national guards assembled. point of view, the Convention voted that the King should be brought to these, she destroyed the French army, Paris and the Revolution might 19488 [Footnote 97: Jean Chartier, _Chronique de Charles VII_, vol. The voice said: "I come from God to help thee to live a good had Jeanne seen Madame Sainte Marguerite at church, painted life-size, Christian King, by my Lord Saint Remi, not doubtless in the Church''s who is the true King of France, and that he shall grant me men-at-arms Jeanne answered Jean de Metz: "I came hither to the King''s territory On the next day Jeanne went to the King''s mass. [Footnote 868: _Le siège d''Orléans, Jeanne d''Arc et les capitouls de [Footnote 879: Jeanne says (in her _Trial_) from 10,000 to 12,000 men; Less than ten days before Jeanne''s coming to Sainte-Marguerite Jeanne replied: "When I came to the King, certain asked me whether The Lord Bishop thus addressed the Maid: "Jeanne," said he, "all Jeanne who had taken King Charles to be crowned at Reims. 19882 CORSICA, its Rail, Carriage and Forest Roads, with 6 Maps from the important of the Forest roads extends S.W. to Porto by and Porto great Forest roads penetrate into the interior 16 railway and the road between Ajaccio and Corté near Vivario 27 The road now from Corté to Bastia traverses the Quilico Col, 1932 ft., the Francardo bridge, 856 ft., where it meets the great Forest Road from Junction here with road to Corté, 55½ miles, south-east, passing through miles eastwards to the Col Capronale, 4495 feet, in the forest of Ometa. the road having passed over the Col Staggiola, 930 feet, within a short valley of the Asco, with magnificent forest trees, to the village of the Col Cesario, 1200 ft., 10½ m.; the villages of Feliceto, inn, pop. Five miles beyond Cauro, the Sartène road attains the summit of the Col S.W. This forest road, No. 4, ascends the valley of the 19912 The fighting around Paris continues violent and the troops of Versailles A few days before two men employed in guarding the church were arrested. Paris, and the Versailles troops have silenced the firing of the fort of batteries outside the city he saw some very good men, but that, taken as many insurgent officers and 300 prisoners and cannon." The Commune batteries people have been hurriedly leaving Paris in great numbers. There has been a general heavy firing to-day, and the Point du Jour has The Versailles troops entered Paris at 4 o''clock this afternoon at two A wounded Insurgent General attempted to pass the Prussian outposts, but The barricade of the Insurgents at the end of the Rue Royale was taken of the women whom I have seen marched from Paris as prisoners are pass through the gates of Paris, and to-day the streets are filled to 19983 great attention to the use of aperients; I believe all is said that an old like any other "land-fall," merely pleasant; and I even looked upon St. Paul''s as an old and a rather familiar friend. case at the time the little occurrence I am about to relate took place. think it vulgar to receive in her great drawing-room of a morning, I was near the little gate, when an old man, in a strictly court dress, their great advantages, or properly understand how much a place like New may surprise you, as coming from a nation as old and as great as France; true state of the case, he merely observed, "He is a great man;" and yet I have met with a good many people of the old court at Paris, and though house; but, in France, many little things are found, it is not usual to 20055 To the ears of Clovis, the king of the Franks, came, as we have said, "Clovis, king of the Franks, has sent me to thee," said Aurelian. Clotilde, fearing that he would forget his promise, sent secretly to St. Remy, bishop of Rheims, to come and use his influence with the king. the battle, then, be those your war-cry, those words that came from God. In the army of our Lord let nought be heard but that one shout, ''God friends, but shall serve with my whole heart the good king of France, head of the advancing army, the king wearing in his hat the cross of St. Andrew of Burgundy, his false voice shouting "Hurrah for Burgundy!" "Brother," said the king the next day, "if you still need my help, do victory, and in the end to become king of France, as Henry IV. 20124 though the town is too light and cheerful-looking at the present day, to charming view of the town and castle, and fine country round. convents, every year, all round the walls of the said town, within, the more fully to love the said Church, suddenly appeared to me the Blessed At mid-day we reached Niort, a fine, clean, good-looking new town, with young man whose remarkably handsome face and figure was little set off "Good friend," said the young man, "you seem in great recollections of times long past, such as few towns in France can now generally good complexions, rich colour, fine dark eyes and very long told us she was from Le Mans, a great way off, in a charming country, curious door-way, which appeared like the entrance to a church, and was There are few old towns in France, which can be called fine in 20296 Military Tribunal.--French Female Confidence.--Town House.--Convent of fresh linen, a little coffee, and a good night''s repose: her information all their friends to her house_ (a little french fib of Madame F----''s, good landlady, a little plain dinner, such as is suitable to our present places, in order to make room for the reception of the grand National A short time preceding my arrival in France, Bonaparte had rendered general, contrives to exhibit her elegant person to great advantage; by As Monsieur O---pressed me by one hand, and placed that of his little Amongst the english, who were at this time in Paris, a little prejudice were formed to display the different tastes of the english, french, and manners which are even still observed in all the french places of public Madame S----, like a true french mother, was delighted with the little displayed great beauty and fashion, a stage, or tribune, appeared in 20304 possible; and lastly, I wanted to examine the gardens near Paris. The next day, Sunday 29th, early in the morning, we entered Paris, and At Paris I received 42 livres 15 sous for each guinea; soon after which The churches in Paris are not much frequented on the week days, at silver crown piece of six livres has on one side the king''s head in 2. The _French_ playhouse is at present called _Theatre de la Nation_. As to the size of Paris, I saw two very large plans of that city and of carrying heads upon pikes, and of the march of almost all Paris in arms; were then immediately cut to pieces; the people likewise put the Swiss I did not see a _louis d''or_ this time in Paris, it is probable that a [Note 41: I saw many thousands of these men (from my windows) on 20464 Member of The American Industrial Commission to France. The American Industrial Commission in France, organized under the out of place for a delegation of Americans to plan a visit to France and American Industrial Commission to France. American Industrial Commission to France. the world; a thorough French scholar, he had lived many years in France French, for final distribution in France, the report of the Commission. great American Industrial Commission to explore Darkest France. He said the best soldiers of both the French and the German armies were THE FRENCH STEEL INDUSTRY IN WAR TIME THE FRENCH STEEL INDUSTRY IN WAR TIME the American Industrial Commission to France, arrived in New York on the Chairman American Industrial Commission to France. A large number of women are employed in France doing men''s work, on French Steel Industry in war time you so kindly sent me. Member of the American Commission to France, 20580 "Whereas Citizen Charles-Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, born at Paris, present in his place in the Assembly, on the day this oath was taken; Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte descended from the tribune, went up to General The Constitution to which Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte took oath on Louis Bonaparte is a man of middle height, cold, pale, slow in his the man of the people, the poor day-labourer who is out of work, the nothing more,--men, women, children, and old people who looked upon the have no bump on his head,'' said a soldier; the old man had fallen upon free speech was suppressed, by Louis Bonaparte, that man of silence and Louis Bonaparte is in very truth the man who said to one of his former resistance to Louis Bonaparte''s crime; and the court "orders that the sacred; this man, this Louis Bonaparte, this prince who carries the M. Bonaparte Louis believes in men''s oaths! 20733 all the men of the Revolution, Robespierre has suffered most from the The time was now come when such men as Robespierre were to be tried with Robespierre had now risen to be one of the foremost men in France. Paris on the one part, and the Committee and Robespierre on the other, Danton, Robespierre, and the Committee were all equally fairer--until Robespierre''s Law of Prairial--than people usually Why, then, did Robespierre, who also passed as a man of order and to the designs of the Committee, and that if Danton and Robespierre had death of Danton, the relations between Robespierre and the Committees Danton had said: ''Robespierre is the least of a Committee came to the Convention to crush Robespierre, that would end in But Robespierre, having for the first time in his life Whether Robespierre was shot by an officer of the Conventional force, or of either Danton or of Robespierre. 2082 Duras--Conversation with the king--The next day--A visit from the duc Duras--Conversation with the king--The next day--A visit from the duc to madame du Barry--"The court of king Petaud," a satire--Letter of to madame du Barry--"The court of king Petaud," a satire--Letter of d''Aloigny--The duc d''Aiguillon and madame de Bearn--Anger of the king''s d''Aloigny--The duc d''Aiguillon and madame de Bearn--Anger of the king''s "Ah," replied the king, "is it madame de Bearn that you present to me? de Choiseul--The king speaks to him of madame du Barry--Voltaire writes de Choiseul--The king speaks to him of madame du Barry--Voltaire writes "Ah," said the king, remembering the letter to the duc d''Aiguillon, king and the duc de Choiseul relative to madame du Barry--The comtesse king and the duc de Choiseul relative to madame du Barry--The comtesse the project for confessing the king--The friends of madame du Barry the project for confessing the king--The friends of madame du Barry 20891 The distance from Paris to this place is about 24 miles: the road of becomes more cheerful; and its fine old cathedral forms a good central second visit took place; and desirous also to preserve a fine bas relief rest of the town, seen from this point, is broken into fine masses of woody bank, Trevoux affords a perfect idea of a little Tuscan town. view, Lyons really presents a princely appearance.[5] The line of quays bridge is situated a large open space of ground, called Les Brotteaux, appearance of the town itself, indeed, forms a strong contrast both to distance beyond this spot stands Montsegur, a little old fortified town stands on a little rock just out of the town, looking on the sea, and rocks; on entering which the town of Saorgio appears, after a mile or The road appears to be commanded by no spot 21256 Conversation with a French Veteran_--_Character of Mr. Parker''s Hotel_--_Departure, and romantic Road_--_Fête Champetre _Departure from Avignon_--_Olive and Mulberry Fields_--_Orgon_--_St. Canat_--_French Divorces_--_Inn at St. Canat_--_Aix_--_Situation_--_Cathedral_--_Society_--_Provisions_--_Price _Morning View of Port--Arrival and landing--A Day at Calais.--French _Morning View of Port--Arrival and landing--A Day at Calais.--French occasion frequently to observe, that the French ladies infinitely excel the country towns of England; the French without hats, with close caps, _General Character of the Town--Public Walk--Gardens--Half-yearly _General Character of the Town--Public Walk--Gardens--Half-yearly let no traveller assert that France is a country of open fields; moderate," said Mr. Younge, "the price of land in France, both as to fell in with two young girls, the daughters of the better kind of French and lovely country, and there is certainly not a town in France or in _Comparative Estimate of French and English Country Inns--Tremendous _Comparative Estimate of French and English Country Inns--Tremendous 21498 Aire-sur-la-Lys--Local and general elections in France--A public meeting the great historic France of the French people; and with submitting to The Third French Republic, as it exists to-day, is just ten years old. deal of the social and political life of France, and I long ago learned work, not of the French people, but of the kings of France, not less but religion out of France, and the education of the French people into what councillors-general in France; and it is evident that the French local the men who then got control for a time of the government of France, in country a farm worth 30,000 francs eight years ago, to-day would not have seen and known of France, that the people in a place like Château ''true Republic'' leave the working-men of France, so far as co-operation Vicar-General of Paris receives no more than 4,500 francs a year. 2159 21996 In old French towns, the words boulevard and tramway are American and English visitors to the Riviera soon come to know Cagnes by see the city set on a hill between Cannes and Nice. "No livery stable in this town--come five francs on it," said the Artist. separate at Villeneuve-Loubet, a mile back from the Nice-Cannes road. panorama of the Riviera, sea and mountains, towns and valleys, lay before On a hill a mile or so back from the Cannes-Nice road, just before one For tourists, Nice is the center of the Riviera, the place to come back Artist confessed to me that in student days the Riviera meant Nice to quay and keeping the Old Town on the left, you come to the castle hill, Cannes-Grasse road after you pass the ten-kilometer stone on the way to there was a time, long before Roman days, when Fréjus, like the towns of 22345 congress of Vienna, that placed the Emperor Napoleon out of the pale government party, the general had been proscribed by the Emperor. is no longer my sovereign; I am the subject of the Emperor Napoleon: Emperor, however, gave orders to the soldiers of the guard to take off rallying words, "Long live the Emperor!" The people and the soldiers the Empress the news of the Emperor''s return, with orders to come NAPOLEON, Emperor of the French, &c. which the Emperor Napoleon is conducting to Paris, covered with national guards; and General Corbineau, whom the Emperor Napoleon had said to the national guard of Paris, "We yet know of none however, to make known the sentiments of Napoleon to the Emperor of the King of France and the French nation, or any other government that The Emperor Napoleon was to receive two millions of francs a 22718 Within the French Church from early times, these two great forces were of true mediæval greatness, it is the finest church of the city. and is a little dead city, the seat of an ancient Provençal "Cathedral parish church is of the very far past, having lost its Cathedral rank small, Saint-Jérome is large, where the old church is simple, the newer created the Church of Saint-Mary, co-cathedral with that of Notre-Dame the Church in the tight little city of the Provençal hills. church, the traveller passed under the old round arch of the Bishop''s The little Cathedral-churches of Provence are See and its lost city, the Cathedral-church was established at the light of its every-day life, the great height of the church and its However, as a Bishop must have a Cathedral-church, the Church of Saint-Michel which has been the Cathedral since 1803, a 22865 Turgot''s passion for good government 118 It will be observed, moreover, that Turgot was born half a generation before the Christian era; and of Saint Turgot in the eleventh century, [Footnote 6: Letter to Turgot, _OEuv. de Condorcet_, i. righteous men like Turgot, who would not fight in masks, the end might good, but, alas, as Turgot had occasion by and by to say, little comes perfect social equality, Turgot did not show a more lively sense of the come to pass in Turgot''s time. Turgot escaped these passions more completely than any man of his time The progress of the human mind means to Turgot the progress of Turgot, far as he was from many of the narrownesses of his time, yet did Turgot was one of the men to whom good government is a religion. Turgot himself, however, found time, in his industry at Limoges, to make 2311 The case of Smollett''s Travels, there is good reason to hope, is clever people about Nice in modern times, one would probably find that French history both as the home of famous men in great number and as, great way out to sea, sometimes even as far as the coast of England. Sussex pay English gold for great quantities of French brandy, tea, day, in the skirts of the town, a great number of females thus mounted, in a day or two for Montpellier, although that place is a good way out great body of excellent water, which by pipes and other small branching Next day we journeyed by the way of Antibes, a small maritime town, It contains several small towns, and a great number of villages; chiefly supplied by a small stream of very fine water; another great What further I have to say of Nice, you shall know in good time; at 23524 Volume Four: French Revolution III. LOCAL SERVICES DUE BY THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES. PUBLIC SERVICES DUE BY THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES. Intervention by the popular leaders with the Government. The Government and the nation in the hands of the revolutionary party. I. Powers of the Central Government. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW POLITICAL ORGAN. State of France at the end of 1791. The Girondins have worked for the benefit of the Jacobins. I. The second stage of the Jacobin conquest. I. The second stage of the Jacobin conquest. V. The Jacobins forming alone the Sovereign People. The central Jacobin committee in power. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT. JACOBIN GOVERNMENT Institutions of the Revolutionary Government THE JACOBIN PARTY I. The Central Government Administration. THE MODERN REGIME, VOLUME 1 [NAPOLEON] Napoleon''s Dominant Passion: Power. FORMATION AND CHARACTER OF THE NEW STATE. THE NEW GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION. Excellence of Local Government after Napoleon. 2401 24360 24452 24519 24538 24570 24659 24718 24818 24862 2553 who came to speak for Jeanne at the second trial, held long after her "Jeanne," he said, "you must go to the help of the King of know, and I would gladly satisfy you." "Jeanne," said the King in his "Jeanne," said the Archbishop of Rheims, taking the first word, probably who was sent for to the King and questioned as to Jeanne''s life in her asked," said Jeanne. this, Jeanne confessed that the voice said she should be led to the town asked if she thought it well done to fight on a holy day, and answered, Asked, how many men her King gave her when she began her work, answered, her present prison, answered: "Ask me this in three months'' time; I can the King of France of whose party Jeanne was, without calling him, We have said that Jeanne''s answers to the Inquisitors in prison had a 2577 beginning men lived thus, herding together like animals and following Saint-Claude he acquires this right over any person that passes a year man to whom, for over twenty years, one says good-morning every day on [Footnote 1343: Archives nationales, Reports of the States-General of [Footnote 1428: He who has the right of receiving the first year''s 750 million francs of to day;[2106] when a king aims at imposing display [Footnote 2105: People were run over almost every day in Paris by the [Footnote 2147: When the ladies of the king''s court, and especially the hours a day, brings men together; natural feeling in accord with the man, society, law and government.[3303] So long as Reason is limited an old man, a fool lead the wise, and a handful of people live in equal to nineteen days'' work: a new direct tax, which, like the taille, 2578 persons in private life who address the King, the National Assembly, or municipal assembly of Louviers, the end of August, 1789.--Letter of million electors and National Guards, are just the men in France who municipal officers and commanders of the National Guard, for never arrival of grain in a town; the excited people or the National Guards authority: here, through a decree of the King and the National Assembly, National Guard, mayor, the sole authority in the use of armed force, and day and night:" handed over to the National Guards and municipalities in by force; the people favor it, while the National Guards refuse to act commissioners sent by the King and by the National Assembly, men following day, on leaving the mass, the National Guards come, by way of chateau and to place in it a guard of sixty men: on the following day 2579 Declaration of rights read by Robespierre in the Jacobin club, April 21, One day a Jacobin in the tribune declared: "We shall be a nation of [Footnote 1217: The rules of the Paris club state that members must [Footnote 2219: Mercure de France, Nov. 5, 1791 (session of Oct. 25).--Ibid., Dec. 23.-Moniteur, XII. Paris National Guard, on his own authority, orders the King to remain not pass away," and, by order of the president, the National Assembly [Footnote 2330: April 9, at the Jacobin Club, Vergniaud, the president, "The National Assembly may still save France; let it decree that all galleries of the National Assembly and at the Jacobin Club," but then to Paris, and denounce patriots to the National Assembly and the King, national guard staff major-general, order of the day, letter of citizen the sovereignty of the people in the National Assembly." The same day a 2580 Convention "authorizes the Committee of General Security to order the [Footnote 1153: Archives Nationales, ibid., (letter of General Wimpffen [Footnote 1178: Seventy thousand men were required to reduce Lyons, [Footnote 2105: Decree of 13 Brumaire, year II.--Report by Cambon, Feb. 1, 1793. [Footnote 2132: Order of the day of the Convention September 17, 1792; [Footnote 2182: Journal of the debates of the Jacobin Club, No. 532, Brumaire 20, year II. Public Safety by the Jacobin Club of Montereau, Thermidor, year II.)] years in Paris, had read Taine''s footnote and asked the national library 26, year II.) "The Convention decrees that the food of persons kept in [Footnote 31140: The committee of Public Safety, and Robespierre Committee of Public Safety, allowing two thousand francs to the new revolutionary committee, with full powers, Frimaire 9, year II.) (Orders of the Committee of Public Safety, Prairial 26, year II.) "The 2581 have seen how ideas of Society, State, Government, Sovereignty, Rights, on society, laws, government, France and the French, some penetrate and [Footnote 1145: Napoleon uses the French word just which means both in the other communes."--Ibid., 380 (Report of the year VII): "General letter gives a good summary of his ideas on government.) "In France, mere order of the Council of State restores civil and political rights [Footnote 3114: Decision of the Council of State, Pluviôse 5, year VIII who works 300 days of the year, ought to pay out of his 345 francs wages [Footnote 3268: Law of Ventôse 17, year VIII, title III., articles I and [Footnote 3325: The declaration of Human Rights in 1789 stated that: [Footnote 3370: "Travels in France during the years 1814 and 1815." [Footnote 3370: "Travels in France during the years 1814 and 1815." [Footnote 4227: On the communal system in France, and on the reforms 2582 the compulsory public education of children; next, the Napoleonic laws, shall govern the teaching, preaching, and public or special instruction in the government of the French Church, limit the authority of the Pope this way, all the great existing churches of the Catholic universe are thousand francs to build a school-house with a work-room attached to it, 1811.) "The Pope exercised the authority of universal bishop at the time in France at present, of common law, is that the bishops govern their [Footnote 5346: The principal means of action of the State is the right --How the university takes away their pupils.--Day-schools as [Footnote 6103: Our last son entered the French School system at the age In its essence, the Catholic church, like the French State, is a Roman [Footnote 6306: Today, in year 2000, the educational machinery in France [Footnote 6389: In 1994 there were in France 1389 public and 841 private 25842 French royal parks and palaces, those of the kings and queens of surrounding parks and gardens, or those royal hunting preserves in the THE LOUVRE, THE TUILERIES AND THE PALAIS ROYAL OF TO-DAY _facing_ 12 Of the celebrated French palace and chateau gardens which are not Mollet was one of the most famous gardeners of the time of Louis XIV. The chief names in French gardening--before the days of Le Notre--were the display was a French royal hunting-lodge in the style of Louis XVI, In the days of Francis I and his sons, the royal hunt was given a great hunts of France, a relic of the days of Louis XIV. development, in time, to be the royal palace of Saint Cloud. It is the Chateau Neuf of the time of Henri IV which is to-day known as much to preserve this great forest, and Louis XIV in his time developed 2645 departure from France, a great firing of guns took place. French frigate, and brought his father''s best respects to his Royal this coffin, containing the mortal remains of the Emperor Napoleon, was in a solemn manner, the imperial coffin from the hands of General great French nation should forego its natural desire of recovering the proper French way, "sword in hand, in the severe costume of board-ship procession and to do the French nation honor. that on the passage of Napoleon''s coffin down the Seine, old soldiers Look, I pray you, at the manner in which the French nation has performed "Hush, my dear," said that old lady, looking round alarmed at her great procession of priests came down from the altar. place: the old soldiers were firing off the great guns, which made a In this manner, my dear Miss Smith, the great Napoleon was buried. 26450 monarchy: "Paris, France and the Dukes and Kings of the French, are induced the king to found the abbey and church of St. Vincent (St. Germain des Prés), to receive the relic and a great part of the spoil In the early sixth century the abbots of St. Germain des Prés at Paris held possession of nearly 90,000 acres of Paris, cradle of the great French Monarchy and home of art, learning Melun, Abelard returned to Paris and opened a school on Mont St. Genevieve, whither crowds of students followed him. [Footnote 95: In 1421 and 1422 the people of Paris had seen Henry V. would never return in Paris until there were a French king, the [Footnote 106: Students in Paris in the days of King Francis had cause Paris_, the king began to pull down the great tower of the Louvre, in 27056 death.--Estrangement of the king and queen.--Joy of the nation.--Birth of the king and queen.--Orders of Louis XIII. recognized king.--Palais Royal.--Apartments of the queen His brother, Monsieur, the duke of Orleans, the king had never loved. Immediately after the death of the king, Anne of Austria held a Paris, the queen regent and her son the king rode out to meet them. Motteville states in her memoirs "that the king, queen, and cardinal King of France.--Gallantry of Louis.--Influence of Anne and Mazarin forced to retire.--The king invited to return.--The Duke of Orleans The king, the queen regent, and the whole court The king, with his court, returned to Paris. days after the exile of Mary, the king and court, with a magnificent of Spain.--Increasing ambition of Louis XIV.--Festivities at St. Cloud.--Dying scene.--Death of the queen-mother.--Funeral king.--Death scene of Henrietta.--Suspicion of Louis.--Development of from Duke of Orleans you should one day become King of France, I know 27289 Napoleon''s Tactics -The Battle Indecisive -The French Army main French army, and with that end in view to attack the Russian of Napoleon were given, his army of a hundred thousand men was in Napoleon had virtually doubled his army; the new levies were kept in the German-Roman emperor, and, like Napoleon, had set the crown on his Emperor of the French a few days later--on February second--wrote with French army of forty thousand men should be formed at Bayonne, to be success of Spain were daily giving new comfort to Napoleon''s enemies Opposing Forces -Napoleon''s Strategic Plan -French Victories The news from central Europe which reached Napoleon in Spain was of a The French Army on the Lobau -Napoleon''s New Tactics -The a French army under the dreaded Napoleon. the last Napoleonic war, since it was not for a new army that the 27488 At that time the law by which power follows property, New men began to appear who represented the rising classes: Camille Rights of Man. When the Assembly was fully constituted, it had to regulate its During the days spent in making terms between the king, the Assembly, royal authority; that the king and the Assembly had accepted and conflict was between the authority of history and the Rights of Man. The Declaration was the signal of those who meant to rescue France Rights of Man, which declared that the nation transmits all powers and An officer who came on foot from Paris told the king of his Minister of the Interior, advised the king to meet the army of Paris minister then said: "When the king gives no orders, a general must power, the king of France in his authority, the people in its rage; I 27881 Paris en route, but Miss Cassandra begged for a few days on Lake Como, Miss Cassandra and Lydia do not know, and we have no good histories or old château of Plessis-les-Tours, which Louis built and fortified to Walter never saw this château, but like many other places that he was and died at Amboise, inhabiting a little manor house near the château. correct Polly''s English or Miss Cassandra''s French, for as Walter says, husbands in those days," said Miss Cassandra. being a French woman, evidently resented and said she had little love time, as she gave no end of trouble to her husband, the good King Louis. "Good King Louis, indeed!" exclaimed Miss Cassandra. our thoughts turn back to the time when the kings and nobles of France By the time we reached the château, we were, as Miss Cassandra Walter warned us, little time to loiter by the way, great as the 28004 towers, rising above the little Place de l''Archevêché, lift their Originally placed in the great abbey-church of Saint Martin, which was but which makes a great impression--the very interesting old church of place--a very definite little woman, with pointed features, an intensely Saussaye, the author of the very complete little account of the place on the left bank of the river--a little white-faced town staring across should mention that we spent a great deal of time in looking at the old grey arch beneath a fine clock-tower, I had passed through on my way little garden is formed, on the side that turns away from the town, by you look over it at the charming little vegetable-gardens with which the completed, to my great satisfaction, my little tour in France. (there is no _place_ in France too little to contain an effigy to a last century--a dear old place, with little blue-green perspectives and 28053 "Celebration in Baltimore of the Triumph of Liberty in France: with achieved by the people of France, Col. SAMUEL MOORE was called to the October, 1830, in Commemoration of the Triumph of Liberty in France_: congratulations on the triumph of liberty in France. France, who stood by _us_ in the darkest days of our own revolution; liberty, in America and in France--a cause which he has never ceased In the first place, the state of political information in France, and France was not prepared for that revolution: nor were the people With regard to France, her people had been buried, for ages, in the government, attempted to stop the revolution at the point of a limited them but to recognize the existing government of France, and to sufficient power to persuade the people of France to leave the port that the people of France, with the lights of their past experience THE PEOPLE OF FRANCE. 28169 spirit of revolution, and order from absolute power, so long will France general opinion, its power was so universally admitted, and so little independence of mind to man, and right to government, formed the right-minded, sensible people; but they passed for little with a public governed when this aged King, without state or army, should be called on decided was, whether power should pass over to the _Right-hand_ party, _Right-hand_ party unfit to govern France. the _Right-hand_ party to power, would have been very different from the DE VILLÈLE AND THE RIGHT-HAND PARTY OBTAIN POWER. attacks of the right and left-hand parties, who established its power in Chamber, the King would at length feel the necessity of replacing power general policy of the Restoration and the Government of France, that than that of 1815, the new Chamber belonged to the right-hand party; the Thus, after six years of government by the right-hand party, and three 28199 Duke of Orleans.--Assembling of the States-General.--Commotion This bold act announced to all France that the Duke of Orleans was monarchy, and to place the Duke of Orleans upon the throne. Louis Philippe, the eldest son of the Duke of Orleans, then a the birth of Louis Philippe, the oldest son of the Duke of Orleans, [Footnote B: Life and Times of Louis Philippe, King of the French, by situation of the sister of the _Duke of Orleans_, as Louis Philippe in favor of placing the Duke of Orleans upon the throne. the Duke of Orleans, entered a college in Paris; a natural thing, it widow also of the king''s second son, the Duke de Berri, was at St. Cloud with her two children, a daughter ten years old, and the little the hands of Louis Philippe, the Duke of Orleans. The king, the queen, the Duchess of Orleans, and the Duke de 28445 Characters developed by the French Revolution.--Madame Roland.--Gratien views of congeniality between man and wife.--Her mother''s death.--Jane''s of married life.--Madame Roland''s devotion to her husband.--Birth Girondists.--The Jacobins.--Meetings at Madame Roland''s.--Appearance appeal of Madame Roland, replied, "I will do all in my power to save The powerful influence which Madame Roland was thus exerting could not desert the king.--Madame Roland''s influence over the Girondists.--Buzot death.--Danton at Madame Roland''s.--New scenes of violence.--Outrages power.--Madame Roland''s disgust at the horrors of the Revolution. Girondists, through Madame Roland, urged the Minister of the Interior imagination of Madame Roland should not, at times, feel inwardly the One day, when Madame Roland was in power, she had just passed from her jailer''s wife.--Madame Roland enters her cell.--Her first night As the fate of the Girondist party, of which Madame Roland was the power.--Madame Roland''s letter to Robespierre.--Supports of enthusiasm.--Her influence upon the prisoners.--Madame Roland''s man.--Situation of the guillotine.--Death of Madame Roland.--Wonderful 28573 in our thankful hearts--every day shall we pray that the Great Giver of lost his way--Agreeable vespers--Night in the forest--Wolves--Up a beech The woodcock--Its habits in the forests of Le Morvan--Aversion of dogs this trap--A night in the forest with Navarre--The young lover--Dreadful farmer--Death of the wolves, the dogs, and the peasant--The wolf-skin Navarre was lame of the right leg, a boar having one day kindly applied forest--Wolves--Up a beech tree--A friend in need--The student bids Charms of a forest life to the sportsman--The Poachers--Le Père Charms of a forest life to the sportsman--The Poachers--Le Père much art or care, in form like a large brown ball, is generally placed Woodcock fly--The Banker has a day''s sport--Arrives at the Woodcock fly--The Banker has a day''s sport--Arrives at the wolf, dogs, and sportsmen pass and disappear like leaves in a whirlwind, the forest, and meet his fate like a man. 28879 St. Louis Mediating Between Henry III. Charles the Bad, King of Navarre, in Prison��335 THE WARS OF ITALY.� CHARLES VIII. Coligny at the Death-bed of Francis Ii.��295 Henry of Lorraine (duke Of Guise)��332 Henry Iii. and the Murder of Guise��437 HENRY IV., PROTESTANT KING. HENRY IV., CATHOLIC KING. LOUIS XIII., CARDINAL RICHELIEU, AND THE COURT. LOUIS XIII., CARDINAL RICHELIEU, AND THE PROVINCES. LOUIS XIII., RICHELIEU--CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS. LOUIS XIII., CARDINAL RICHELIEU, AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS. LOUIS XIII., RICHELIEU, AND LITERATURE. LOUIS XIV., THE FRONDE--CARDINAL MAZARIN. LOUIS XIV., HIS WARS AND HIS CONQUESTS. LOUIS XIV., HIS WARS AND HIS REVERSES. Charles de Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne��35 Corneille Reading to Louis XIV.��642 LOUIS XV., THE REGENCY, AND CARDINAL DUBOIS. LOUIS XV., FRANCE IN THE COLONIES. LOUIS XV., THE SEVEN YEARS'' WAR. LOUIS XVI., FRANCE ABROAD.�UNITED STATES'' WAR LOUIS XVI., FRANCE AT HOME.�MINISTRY OF M. Death of Madame de Maintenon.��34 The Death-bed of Louis XIV.��50 28934 On what terms Captain Maitland received Buonaparte on board command of His Majesty''s ship Bellerophon, and under the orders of Copy of a Letter received by Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, Extract of a Letter from Captain Maitland, of His Majesty''s ship this day came on board His Majesty''s ship under my command, with a General Bertrand came first up the ship''s side, and said to me, "The Viscount Keith, G.C.B., Dated on Board H.M. Ship Bellerophon, at Sea, placed when induced to receive Napoleon Buonaparte into the ship I ordered to prevent every person whatever from coming on board the ship Bellerophon and Myrmidon, having on board Napoleon Buonaparte and his After the ship''s arrival in England, Buonaparte seldom left the cabin As soon as the Admiral had left the ship, Buonaparte sent for me, and Napoleon Buonaparte, when he came on board the Bellerophon, on the 28959 CHAPTER III Concerning Rouen, the Ancient Capital of Normandy CHAPTER IV Concerning the Cathedral City of Evreux and the Road to Bernay CHAPTER V Concerning Lisieux and the Romantic Town of Falaise CHAPTER VII Concerning Mont St Michel THE CHURCH AT GISORS, SEEN FROM THE WALLS OF THE NORMAN CASTLE left of the railway the little Norman Church of Notre-Dame-sur-l''Eau. THE CLOCK GATE, VIRE CHAPTER I��ACROSS THE MOORS FROM PICKERING TO WHITBY CHAPTER IX��FROM PICKERING TO RIEVAULX ABBEY THE FOREST AND VALE OF PICKERING IN PALAEOLITHIC AND PRE-GLACIAL TIMES HOW THE ROMAN OCCUPATION OF BRITAIN AFFECTED THE FOREST AND VALE OF PICKERING, B.C. 55 TO A.D. 418 THE FOREST AND VALE IN NORMAN TIMES, A.D. 1066 TO 1154 Concerning the Villages and Scenery of the Forest and Vale of Pickering South Side of the Nave of Pickering Church Wall Paintings in Pickering Church Font at Pickering Church 28981 division, whether by night or by day, was an affair of about five Daylight left the two armies looking at each other, near the village Our division followed his movement, and took post, for the night, at When the enemy retired, our division advanced and occupied Rueda, a The French army having, in the mean time, been largely reinforced; Our division got under arms this morning before daylight, passed the river was occupied by the enemy''s advanced posts, and we saw their time, afforded a good view of the field of battle to our left, and I right place was at the head of a regiment in the face of an enemy. The movements of the two or three days following placed the enemy Towards the end of the month, some divisions of the French army having head-quarters, to join the army; when, after a few days'' forced 29250 Message from the Duc d''Anjou, Afterwards Henri III., to King Charles His The Duc d''Alencon Makes His Escape from Court.�Queen Marguerite''s SECTION VII.�THE QUEEN�CONSORT OF LOUIS XIV. SECTION XI.�THE DUCHESSE D''ORLEANS, WIFE OF THE REGENT. SECTION XIV.�THE FIRST DAUPHIN. SECTION XVIII.�THE DUC DE BERRI. SECTION XXII.�THE ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN OF THE REGENT, DUC D''ORLEANS. SECTION XXV.�THE DUCHESSE LOUISE-FRANCISQUE, CONSORT OF LOUIS III., DUC SECTION XXX.�THE PRINCESS PALATINE, MARIE-THERESE DE BOURBON, WIFE OF SECTION XXXVI.�THE GRAND DUCHESS, WIFE OF COSMO II. SECTION XXXVIII.�THE DUC DU MAINE, LOUIS-AUGUSTUS. MEMOIRS OF LOUIS XIV AND HIS COURT AND OF THE REGENCY, MEMOIRS OF LOUIS XIV AND HIS COURT AND OF THE REGENCY, MEMOIRS OF LOUIS XIV AND HIS COURT AND OF THE REGENCY, MEMOIRS OF LOUIS XIV AND HIS COURT AND OF THE REGENCY, MEMOIRS OF THE COURT OF MARIE ANTOINETTE, QUEEN OF FRANCE, MEMOIRS OF THE COURT OF MARIE ANTOINETTE, QUEEN OF FRANCE, 29263 After staying in the town for the time stated, a thousand of us were We remained here about a month this time, when General Whitelock came those men who were in action at the time he received his wound, but having taken the colonel''s command, he did so, and saw me placed on man from the time I was put on till I came off myself in the morning. Lord Wellington then ordered the town to be attacked on the night of to my wounds, which kept me in camp at the time the town was taken; that time and place, and we found that night''s meal as good a one as one day a French officer was seen coming up the mountain, having laid I then went on in search of my comrades, who had by this time left the took place than did there, for we were on the move the whole time, 29603 Henry.--The Duke of Lorraine.--His hatred toward the Protestants.--The by his subjects, but that they should revere him as the image of God. Henry, who was a Protestant from considerations of state policy rather Protestants, and the bosom friend of Henry of Navarre, was standing, The Duke of Guise was now in great favor with Henry III. Henry was received with royal honors in the Protestant town of The king was very anxious to get Henry of Navarre again in his Protestant leaders that Henry of Navarre, notwithstanding his many assassinate Henry of Navarre by the partisans of the Duke of Guise. hopes of Henry of Navarre, and secure the crown to the Duke of Guise The king immediately sent to Henry of Navarre, promising to confer combined forces of the king and Henry of Navarre on one side, and of As our sovereign lord King Henry, the soldier of Navarre?" 29820 A little to the right lies the one-time cathedral of Notre Dame, architectural splendours, which, with the Cathedral of Notre Dame, form architecturally, with the grand Cathedral of Notre Dame de Reims. Of all the cathedrals of France, Notre Dame de Paris is most firmly western façade, the grand portal of the usually accepted great church secular monuments, headed by the grand Cathedral of Notre Dame, form an is the fact that this cathedral is the only Gothic church, so ranking, a wonderful old church which at one time ranked as a cathedral, and port, the Cathedral of Notre Dame exists to-day more as a monument to throughout France during the five centuries of church building in the In general this thirteenth-century church is in the best style of its Cathedral of Notre Dame and the Church of St. Pierre. Notre Dame de Coutances is one of the few really great Gothic churches 30708 "The Prince of Condé went from hence in a horse litter to the court of St. Germain, where he found the Protestant preachers prohibited from preaching Guise avoided the more direct gate of St. Martin, and took that of St. Denis, through which the kings of France were accustomed to pass. calling to the king''s old Huguenot foster-mother who was close at hand, [Sidenote: Catharine''s attempt to seduce Condé from the Huguenots.] [Sidenote: Cardinal Lorraine to be seized and King Charles liberated.] [Sidenote: King Charles entreats his mother to avoid war.] [Sidenote: Huguenot petition to the king.] [628] News-letter from Paris, from the Huguenot physician of the Duke of later in the day, the King of Navarre, the Prince of Condé, and La a Huguenot like himself; intending to place the Prince of Condé upon the ("Henry III., King of France, His Court and Times," i. 30875 of the courtiers.--Emotions of the young king and queen.--Homage of the courtiers.--Burial of Louis XV.--The king and queen leave of the queen.--Maria''s children.--Royal visitors.--Extravagant At four o''clock of that same morning, the young king and queen, with the The king came in at the same moment, and said, "You find the queen much arrived at Versailles, informing the king and queen of the terrible of the kings of France, now the prison of the royal family. surrounded the palace when the king and queen had entered, and the doors apartments of the king and queen were kept open night and day, and a attempts on that day to assassinate the king and queen. family.--Spirit of the queen.--The king''s calmness.--The mother and The king and queen, with their two children, Madame Elizabeth, and a few While the king was suffering upon the guillotine, the queen, with Madame 30981 of students are having a "Pernod," after a long day''s work at the Presently a little old woman approaches, shriveled and smiling, in her Before a long table at one end of the room is the crowd of American students, who do as little work as possible and rest themselves for the "One day," says little Marguerite (she who lives in the rue Monge), "one dinners at the little restaurant near his studio, where they dined among the cafés, like the rest, and sometimes poses for the head of an old "Many grow old so young," she continued; "I knew a little model once In Paris I make a good living; ten francs a day--that''s not [Illustration: OLD MAN MODEL] queer little ''type'' at the long table--the tall girl in black actually and besides, the tall girl in black has known the little "type" for a 31026 Cobenzl wrote that Bonaparte behaved like a crazy man, and the French The effect of Bonaparte''s success in forcing such a peace upon Austria between the United States and the rival powers of France and England. mover of French politics, until restored to power by Bonaparte, when Bonaparte''s departure from Italy made no change in French policy or general war by throwing an army into Rome, the French troops in Italy Great Britain -Bonaparte''s Appeal to the Army -The Military order recognized, and Bonaparte felt assured, as he declared at St. Helena, that in view of France''s overwhelming influence in Italy, the new conditions of French life, as Bonaparte meant to mold them. Napoleon Bonaparte be consul for life? observe France and mark Bonaparte''s policy, Russia and Austria began Napoleon Bonaparte be intrusted with the government of France as give Napoleon the Emperor a new hold on France, that second string to 31517 COLONEL SIR WILLIAM HOWE DE LANCEY, _c._ 1813 " 38 father of Sir William De Lancey, was born in New York City about 1740; yielded.[13] Six weeks before the battle of Waterloo, Sir William day of the battle[15] Sir William was knocked from his horse by a Waterloo campaigns," edited by Major-General Sir Edward Sabine, R.A. On the 29th June Sir Augustus writes to Lady Frazer from Mons: "I Major-General Sir William Ponsonby, followed by a second _P.S._ [Illustration: COLONEL SIR WILLIAM HOWE DE LANCEY (_c._ 1813).] About two, Sir William went again to the Duke, and he was sleeping The day I went to Waterloo, Sir William told me the Duke(30) had The night I went, Sir William desired me to take some rest, for I Sir William said he wished to try what Dr Hume was speaking of, and I At that time Sir William De Lancey held an 32047 Marriage of Josephine and Napoleon.--The army of Italy.--Proclamation --Napoleon''s love for Josephine.--Her influence over him.--A young Napoleon unquestionably loved Josephine as ardently as he Josephine secures friends to Napoleon.--Residence at the Luxembourg. Napoleon and Josephine habitually spent this day at is indicative not only of the depth of Napoleon''s love for Josephine, Napoleon and Josephine, and most of the friends who surrounded The tact of Josephine, however, and the power of Napoleon Josephine''s heart.--The palace of St. Cloud.--Napoleon''s views of Early in the year 1802 Josephine accompanied Napoleon in various remain in the carriages while Napoleon and Josephine dined. Napoleon passed the night in the apartment of Josephine, it was known to day Josephine and Napoleon had broken away from courtiers and palaces, Napoleon and Josephine, Napoleon was proud of Josephine, and often said that there was no Josephine knew Napoleon. In one of Josephine''s letters to Napoleon, she 32196 armies marched, how the sun stood relative to the advancing force, and retreat of 130 miles, including the day of battle itself, took up not more the fighting men actually counted, and that Edward''s whole force certainly The attempt to construct an accurate time-table of the march which Edward miles to the north in one day, which would be a terribly long march for It was a ten-mile march, and the whole force could be on the banks before The crossing of that ford and the advance to Crécy field must form the (1) Edward marched with his _whole_ army to the ford or it could not Though the French army had been pursuing Edward during his march upon the Before these advance lines of the French army, and between it and Edward''s shorter bank defended the line, a mile and a half long, upon which Edward 32197 French king to come south in his pursuit, and when that enemy should be that, measured along the roads the Black Prince followed, he covered that the Black Prince with his 7000 men and his heavy train of booty had The great forces of the French king, coming down slantways A man following to-day that great road between Poitiers and Chauvigny The mounted men of this force turned northward off the high road, and Black Prince had that the French army, so far from having abandoned the The army reached the high road, and crossed it long after the French The defensive position taken up by Edward, the Black Prince, upon Sunday merely marched down the great south-western road to block Prince Edward''s follows: the French host included 8000 fully-armed mounted men; that is, You would have seen a force such as that of the Black Prince or of King 32343 was withal a very good fellow, said one day: "Mais enfin, mon ami, ça ne Paris one morning, many years afterwards; "there are certain days in the meant years ago; that is what it still means to-day--of course, I "Twenty or twenty-five years ago," said Dr. Véron, one day, after Alphonsine Plessis had left the dinner table, "a to present the young ones on New Year''s Day with a receipt for a seven years, because his son has not come up to time like a race-horse. society in a general way, he liked coming to the Boulevards, after his they had known them, the Comte de Paris might be King of France to-day. Louis-Napoléon not a "well-dressed man" -The Empress wished to Louis-Napoléon not a "well-dressed man" -The Empress wished to "On the second day of the Commune," he said, "the want of money 32408 Like Marie Antoinette, Madame Roland loved nature and the arts. Dumouriez sincerely desired the King''s safety; Madame Roland swore that and said to the King: ''Sire, the National Guard would be greatly When he bade adieu to Louis XVI., the King said to annoyed," said the Queen to Dumouriez in Louis XVI.''s presence; "I dare the King, the National Assembly, and above all to its authors, whose King''s life is in danger, the National Assembly has called an Brunk, says to the King: "Sire, the National Assembly sends us to hate kings and queens." A deputy accosted Marie Antoinette, saying in National Guards on duty cried: "Long live the King!" The others said: King desires it." The officer replied: "It shall be done." Louis XVI. the King and his family from entering the National Assembly; you are an army before Paris, 150; Madame Roland''s letter to the King, read to, 32695 At the beginning of the reign of the good King Robert, the France over the news of the death of Louis the Fat. Eleanor was thus Queen of France no marriages: when the king wished to marry his son to the young Blanche 6th Queen Blanche and King Louis VIII. whom he might well admire and love, the fair, and good, and great Queen should have called to mind the great goodness of my son, the king." Her confessor of Saint Louis says: "The queen mother displayed great was no Queen Blanche to husband the resources of France that her son France, we hear little more of Jeanne and Blanche in the accounts of time of the good Charlemagne, king of France, there never fell so great little lady, and was presented to the king when she arrived in France. Louis''s wife, Jeanne de France, was a good, gentle, loving 32715 APPENDIX: PRESIDING OFFICERS OF FRENCH CABINETS. On July 19 the French Embassy at Berlin declared a state of war. of which General Trochu became President, Jules Favre Minister of Executive Power of the French Republic." It was he who, thirty years of executive power," was called "President of the French Republic." He republicanism of Gambetta declaring war on clericalism, and proclaiming Mac-Mahon was not the President of a seven years'' republic, but been voted and, on December 31, the Assembly, which had governed France public powers (President, Senate, Chamber of Deputies, Ministers, By the Constitution of 1875 the government of the French Republic was clergy, the elections in October resulted in a new Republican Chamber. National Assembly, which chose as President for seven years Jules Grévy. elected Chamber of Deputies saved the Cabinet on a vote of confidence. France and Germany were on the brink of war in the so-called Schnaebele PRESIDING OFFICERS OF FRENCH CABINETS 33249 archivolt topping the semi-circular arch rests on a granite stone The Romanesque church is formed by a two-row nave Saint-Pair-sur-Mer. The church is shown here from the north-east Saint-Pair-sur-Mer. The old Romanesque church, after a drawing Saint-Pair-sur-Mer. The plan of the present church. Saint-Pair-sur-Mer. The Romanesque tower is square, and its two Saint-Pair-sur-Mer. The Romanesque tower. Saint-Pair-sur-Mer. The Romanesque tower. Saint-Pair-sur-Mer. The Romanesque tower. Saint-Pair-sur-Mer. Sketch of the south-western pier of the tower. Saint-Pair-sur-Mer. Detail of the north pier of the tower. built in the 19th century in the north wall of the choir, the church south wall of the nave has a large porch from the 15th century. church gate is opened in the south wall of the nave, with a porch. church of Dragey was given to Mont Saint-Michel in the 11th century by floor is open to the north, south and west by walled-up Romanesque twin 33473 _winter''s_ residence particularly, in Tours, has frequently proved The wines grown near Tours, are divided into three classes, namely, what The champagne wines are light in quality in respect to spirit, the acid gas is also present; and when they contain Iron as in the springs matter _Sea Water_ contains varies in different latitudes thus, between The general effects of mineral waters are modified by temperature, qualities depend, acidulous waters contain generally carbonates of Soda, precaution is not necessary with a water containing sulphate of iron. With respect to the use of mineral waters in general, we consider them The mineral waters of this place, containing a population of 2700, are mineral waters at this place, was discovered by the following singular The waters are found on analysis to contain carbonic watering places in France. The proportion of carbonic acid which the waters of Saint-Galmier } Generous white wines, 34071 Threatened--Pepin King--Charlemagne--Alliance with Pope--France, Italy, The great Roman Empire had said: "I am Christian." people in France at this time led through heavy shadows. authorization from the King, that by the time this nominal head of the all classes in France, from King to serf, were for the first time moved England, the dream of that nation was the conquest of France. bestowed upon him a kingdom, and upon France a King! was the man who held the destinies of France at this time. brought when only six years old to the Court of France to be trained Protestant and a Huguenot was King of France. blood of the future Kings of France. be slain by the people three years later, but Louis the King died at history of France, and indeed of Europe, was that of one man, Napoleon France was for the second time an Empire, and Napoleon III. 34400 rank and sent as chief of the staff to Kellermann, commanding the Army the army and returned to Paris, leaving the major-general in command of that Murat saved the Emperor and the French army from the difficult and Emperor despatched his brother-in-law to command the French corps which Grand Army, he left the King of Naples in command, with orders to rally Marshal of France refusing to obey orders in the face of the enemy, he command of the army corps at Boulogne, the young general of thirty-five caused the King in the December of 1814 to appoint him Minister of War. Such was his position when news arrived of Napoleon''s landing at Fréjus. 1796 to command the cavalry of General Coland''s division in the Army of command of the cavalry of the Army of Italy, under General Brune. When the French evacuated Moscow the Marshal, at the Emperor''s commands, 34474 little maid darted away she turned to the girl by her side: "Jeanne is so "Fear not, mother; I shall sleep well," answered Jeanne cheerily. "Jeanne," said Jacques D''Arc one morning as the little girl rose from the tears Jeanne took the weeping little girl to a tree, and sat down under "Leave the tables and paddles, little one," she said, as she saw Jeanne "I come from God to help thee live a good and holy life," it said. Jeanne, Maid of France, consecrated heart and soul to her country. "These gentle maids have a way of turning at times, and Jeanne doth not came Jeanne on a great white horse that the King had given her. After a few days'' rest Jeanne set forth for Chinon, where the King still "Jeanne," said he, "the King and his Council are in great perplexity to 34684 For instance, some fifty years ago, a great English wit, Sydney Smith, Would _Monsieur_ like to see my English stock?" In French commerce, When English people alight at a French hotel and find no soap on the In England, people are witty "to their fingers'' end"; in France, "to the In England, they "take French leave"; but in France we "take English English are religious (I mean church-going), the French sentimental; HIGH-LIFE ANGLO-FRENCH GIBBERISH AS USED IN FRANCE AND IN ENGLAND. "as good as French." England is foremost among those countries. To think that those worthy French and English people, who only live _there_ is a man," said I, "who speaks English admirably." the French want to know all about English snobs, they must turn to invariably asked by the French who visit English churches and chapels. differently the thing is understood in French and English schools. 34838 Neither Napoleon nor the French nation was deceived; a peace made dangerous to Austria than a Napoleonic empire confined to France. French Advance and the Austrian Retreat -Napoleon''s Effort to desire to ruin Napoleon''s imperial power, but to save France either Napoleon''s schemes, and a few days later the French attendants of the eight members--Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, Russia, France, Spain, only to the "French fury" with which Napoleon''s army would fight for In the foreground of Napoleon''s position was the French army, also within it; Napoleon III had dreams of its return to the new France he Napoleon and English Policy -His Work in Germany -French Napoleon Bonaparte, and the retreat of the French army, 1812. =Bayonne=, formation of new French army at, iii. schemes of Napoleonic and French empire over, 10, 29, 214, 272, position in the French Empire, iii. French forces at, iii. French forces at, iii. 35037 exiled Emperor, Betsy may have recalled her own first impressions of St. Helena and cast a half-pitying thought toward the great man who now saw "Jane," said Betsy to her sister, not long after Napoleon''s arrival, play, Napoleon and Jane against Las Cases and Betsy. As he turned to leave the room, Napoleon saw the red-eyed Betsy standing "Come," said Napoleon one day when Betsy was wandering around the "Ah," said Napoleon, turning to Betsy, "this reminds me that when I was Napoleon, after hearing Betsy''s legend, said: "When I ride that way "Sir," said Betsy to Napoleon one day, "may I present a lady to you? After a little more teasing, Betsy learned that Napoleon had seen the Betsy was not the only one of the Balcombe family whom Napoleon loved to "I am sure," said Betsy long afterwards, "after seeing Napoleon in every That Napoleon whom Betsy Balcombe knew at The 35068 Besides facing the Old Port (the ancient harbor) our hotel looked on the but this _oursin_ looked a great deal more like an old, black, stopped in a shady, green place, and picnicked on those good things for King René''s castle does not look like a place for romance. human look stir to life a little way down the row. Joy said, "It would be a good place for bad dreams." The head of the the good French things, ending with fresh strawberries, great bowls of By day Vevey is a busy, prosperous-looking, though unhurried, place, its belonging to a hotel, and came to a little pond where some old men and by an old Frenchman, at a little booth across the way, and we looked battle had taken place, and Joan''s little force for the first time had A little way down the road I had to 35125 The love and knowledge of Alexandre Dumas _père_ for Paris was great, and kilomètres from Paris on the road to Soissons,--Dumas came early in touch coming to the day in which Dumas wrote (1867), Paris was truly--and in There would seem to be no good reason why a book treating of Dumas'' Paris time Dumas had built his own Chalet de Monte Cristo near St. Germain, a Among the women famous in the _monde_ of Paris at the time of Dumas'' Paris of Dumas'' day, this most "famous resting-place" has far more From that time on Dumas may be said to have known Paris intimately--its various aspects of the social and economic life of Paris at the time Dumas Of the bridges of Paris, Dumas in his romances has not a little to say. Conspirators," Dumas places the opening scene at that end of the Pont Neuf "Orleans Bureau," Dumas found his first occupation in Paris,--took place 35212 places which shelter a great cathedral church in the south are of little However, little remains in church architecture of the pre-tenth century diocese is to-day a suffragan of Bourges, and its cathedral of St. Etienne, while not a very ancient structure, is most interesting as to second, the city''s grand architectural monuments, cathedrals, churches, Some have said that this cathedral church dates from the fifth century. The chief ecclesiastical monuments of Aix are the cathedral of St. Sauveur, with its most unusual _baptistère_; the church of St. Jean-de-Malte of the fourteenth century; and the comparatively modern The cathedral of St. Sauveur is, in part, an eleventh-century church. As to its churches, its old twelfth-century cathedral remains to-day a smaller cathedral church of the early eleventh century. Three cathedral churches here before the XIth century Gothic church (not, however, the former cathedral), XVth century 35215 in spite of their great popularity at the time of the Revolution and of was called in the French tongue, "the States-General." But as a True, the French people during the revolutionary wars made short work of nation like the French, in the midst of powerful enemies, could make Paris, for instance, it was seen when the time came for physical force very great proportion of the French army at that moment consisted of governing power in France during the three critical years that followed; common with the nation it governs at the hands of allied Europe. between France and any other great Power of the time--England, Prussia, Still, however national, the wars of the time preceding the Revolution of discipline, and the apparent breakdown of the French military power, the right one: to concentrate all the French forces (abandoning the the main French army had taken up this position of safety, Valenciennes 3551 MEMOIRS OF NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, VOLUME 1. same year as Napoleon Bonaparte, and he was the friend and companion of idea of the young officer of the artillery, of the great General, and of B-------, and ''Memoires secrets sur Napoleon Bonaparte, An anonymous publication, entitled the ''History of Napoleon Bonaparte'', post reported the matter to the officer, Napoleon Bonaparte, who in an On his arrival at the Military School of Paris, Bonaparte found the the people with the army of Italy ordered that General Bonaparte should either ignorant of the orders given to General Bonaparte, or persons Bonaparte said at St. Helena that he was a short time imprisoned by order General Bonaparte''s papers, and of the orders he had received relative to General Bonaparte returned to Paris, where I also arrived from Germany Bonaparte''s life at this time seem so little known that it may be 3552 complaint from Bonaparte to the Executive Directory--Note respecting Directory ordered General Bonaparte to demand the liberty of MM. of persons in Paris; and when I became the secretary of the General-inChief I saw a despatch of the Directory, dated May, 1796, committing the opinion to the Directory respecting the generals employed in his army, conversations with Bonaparte respecting the army of the Rhine were far Bonaparte wrote as follows, to the Directory on the 26th Fructidor: General Bonaparte thought it quite inexplicable that the Directory should Paris, wrote a letter to General Bonaparte, in which he complained that Bonaparte found a letter from the Directory summoning him to Paris. How could it ever be said that the Directory "kept General Bonaparte away On our arrival at Rastadt I soon found that General Bonaparte was In consequence of General Bonaparte''s victories, the peace he had of me--Letter to Louis Bonaparte--Success of the French army-- 3553 army--Dejection of the General-in-Chief--His plan respecting Egypt return to Cairo, Bonaparte frequently spoke to me of Sulkowsky in terms of news from France--Bonaparte and Madame Fourés--The Egyptian The loss of the fleet convinced General Bonaparte of the necessity of Bonaparte assured General Reynier in a letter which he wrote to him six Since the month of August the attention of General Bonaparte had been One day I went with an order from Bonaparte to the chief of his staff, "General Bonaparte left Cairo in the utmost haste to place himself Turkish army had it not been for the arrival of General Bonaparte Tripoli for sending news from Egypt, and for letting Bonaparte know General Kléber, to whose command Bonaparte had resigned the army, was his return to Paris Bonaparte spoke and acted like a man who felt his own On the day after his arrival Bonaparte visited the Directors[35]. 3554 Difficulties of a new Government--State of Europe--Bonaparte''s wish earnest wish to obtain peace Bonaparte said, "You see, Bourrienne, I have In answer to the wellfounded portion of the charges Bonaparte said little; but he seemed to In his social relations Bonaparte''s temper was bad; but his fits of illhumour passed away like a cloud, and spent themselves in words. One thing which gave Bonaparte great pleasure when in the country was to Thus did Bonaparte receive into the Councils of the Consulate the men who Bonaparte speaking to me of him one day said, "Mack is a man of the Bonaparte had said to me before we went to Egypt or respecting his other possession of the Palace of the Kings of France I observed to Bonaparte soon he was gone I entered the little cabinet; Bonaparte said to me, confidence that Bonaparte, neither as General, Consul, nor Emperor, ever 3555 3556 3557 3558 3559 3560 3561 3562 3563 3564 3565 3566 3567 of the people with the army of Italy ordered that General Bonaparte either ignorant of the orders given to General Bonaparte, or persons General Bonaparte''s papers, and of the orders he had received relative General Bonaparte returned to Paris, where I also arrived from Germany Paris, wrote a letter to General Bonaparte, in which he complained that On his return to Paris Bonaparte lost no time in setting on foot the On his return to Paris Bonaparte spoke and acted like a man I recollect that on the second day of our arrival Bonaparte said to the Consulate, when Bonaparte wished to send a courier to General Difficulties of a new Government--State of Europe--Bonaparte''s wish On the day of our arrival, as soon as dinner was ended, Bonaparte said received a little after the battle, and which stated that Bonaparte said Order of the day, which Napoleon said he had sent only to the Marshals 35678 views, and possessed of a wide knowledge of France and the French, for some time past formed a very real portion of French sea power. country, but Paris is the least French portion of France. What does the average middle-class family know of the French residents _sou du franc_ amounts to a considerable sum in the course of a year, French man and woman grow up to do their share in the world''s work it force which sends other peoples out into new lands in great numbers; in France; but the French are not an irreligious people, and perhaps a francs a day, which does not go far in Paris, where the cost of living The breeding of horses in great numbers takes place in the north coast [11] _Château and Country Life in France_, Mary K. French sea-coast watering-places fall easily into two groups--those of 3568 3569 3570 3571 3572 3573 3574 3575 3576 35768 A few years ago there was published in Paris a life of King Joseph, in existing between those extraordinary men, Joseph and Napoleon Bonaparte. --Habits of Napoleon.--Studies of the Brothers.--Mirabeau.--Joseph months after the birth of Joseph, his world-renowned brother Napoleon Thus while Joseph was by birth an Italian, his brother Napoleon Joseph and Napoleon were exceedingly attached to General Paoli. Reforms.--New Public Works.--Report of Joseph to the Emperor.--Letter King Joseph was but the agent of his brother Napoleon. On the 22d of June, 1806, Napoleon wrote to Joseph, "MY BROTHER--the Letter to Julie.--Victories of the Emperor.--Joseph and Napoleon meet at Emperor Napoleon was king of Italy, and Joseph, reigning at Naples, On the first day of the year Joseph had written to Napoleon, and, in the government of Joseph, unless protected by French troops. At Prangins, in 1815, Joseph learned that Napoleon had landed in France, 3577 3578 3579 3580 One day the valet on duty came in great haste to tell me that the Emperor seen that even on that day his Majesty, the Emperor of the French, did "Sire," said he to the Emperor, "your Majesty dresses too A few days after their arrival their Majesties, the Emperor and Empress, At five o''clock his Majesty the Emperor came to visit the King and Queen The day after their arrival at Saint-Cloud, the Emperor and Empress went The Sunday following the Emperor''s arrival, his Majesty received at the One day Madame de Montesquieu received orders from the Emperor to take summoned immediately on his Majesty''s orders, and the Emperor was soon Emperor: I heard it said by many general officers that a great battle coolness between him and the Emperor at the time his Majesty left the service of his Majesty received no present, and the Emperor thought the 36043 All Paris abandoned itself to the men of the Hôtel-de-Ville, forgetting "Elections at Paris would bring back days like June," said he. immediately communicated to the officers and soldiers of the Rue des National Guard--he boasted of it before the council of war--left open Commune_: "The general assembled his men, and _sword in hand_ he bravely In the evening two delegates of the Central Committee of Paris arrived the bank lived like men condemned to death, every day expecting the Commission had refused to arm the communes round Paris that asked to Thiers to augment to 130,000 men the number of soldiers round Paris, days chief of the general staff, he was the best-informed man in Paris Government will not bombard Paris, as the men of the Commune will not Assembly and of the Commune; the army to leave Paris; the Government to 36209 advancing IInd German Army against the French forces in Alsace, and the 4th only one weak Division and a cavalry brigade of the Ist French Corps The French Division, which had been attacked by three German Corps, General von Kameke (commanding 14th Infantry Division) ordered an General von Stülpnagel (commanding 5th Infantry Division) soon enemy in his position, General von der Tann sent his Ist Brigade over cavalry brigade; which, under the command of General von Werder, marched The French IIIrd Corps advanced on the right bank of the Moselle against This movement of the French XVIth Corps compelled General von Tann, at 3rd Brigade, General von Manteuffel ordered the 15th Division to join in General von Strubberg (commanding 30th Infantry Brigade, VIIIth Corps), Divisions of the XVIIIth French Corps attempted to cross to the right Brigade, 9th Division, Vth Corps), by order from the commanding General, 36213 GERMANS CAPTURED THE MESSINES-WYTSCHAETE RIDGE, AND THE BRITISH FELL The Germans continued to bombard Ypres with large calibre shells, [Illustration: THE FIRST GERMAN POISON-GAS ATTACK _(April 24, 1915.)_] On the right of the Ypres-Roulers Road, the British encountered a very The British then attacked the second German lines. [Illustration: FRENCH TROOPS PASSING IN FRONT OF THE RUINS OF YPRES the Lys. While, in the first German offensive the British right had [Illustration: THE GERMANS ATTACK THE CHAIN OF HILLS WHICH PROTECT [Illustration: GERMAN POSITION NORTH OF YPRES, CAPTURED BY BELGIAN [Illustration: BRITISH CEMETERY ON THE PLOEGSTEERT ROAD AT MESSINES] [Illustration: BRITISH CEMETERY JUST OUTSIDE YPRES, ON THE ROAD TO _To the right and left of the road from Ypres to Menin, beyond Hooge, [Illustration: MERVILLE CHURCH, AS THE GERMAN SHELLS LEFT IT [Illustration: GERMAN CEMETERY ON THE RIGHT OF THE ROAD FROM LA BASSÉE 36885 [Illustration: RHEIMS, AS SEEN FROM THE GERMAN LINES (_Photograph found [Illustration: THE OLD CASTLE OF THE ARCHBISHOPS OF RHEIMS, RAZED TO THE [Illustration: GERMAN SHELLS BURSTING IN A STREET OF RHEIMS] [Illustration: LEFT-HAND DOOR OF THE NORTHERN TRANSEPT: THE LAST [Illustration: LEFT-HAND DOOR OF THE NORTHERN TRANSEPT: THE LAST left into the Rue de Sedan._ The house at No. 3 was destroyed by shells, The square tower greatly resembles the old belfry on the doorway of St. Remi Church in Rheims, and, like the latter, dates apparently from the [Illustration: THE ROAD FROM RHEIMS TO JOUY, NEAR THE LATTER VILLAGE _Turn to the right in the village, opposite the church._ The road rises [Illustration: CROSSING OF THE THILLOIS AND RHEIMS ROADS] _Leaving the church behind on the right, turn to the left, to reach the was destroyed in the time of Charles VI., during the Hundred Years'' War. The present village suffered severely during the German bombardments, 37211 _Castles and Châteaux of Old Touraine and the Loire Country_ In history the Loire valley is rich indeed, from the days of the ancient important Romanesque churches in all France, and the cathedral of St. Gatien, with its "bejewelled façade," at Tours, the twin-spired St. Maurice at Angers, and even the pompous, and not very good Gothic, Of all the cities of the Loire, Orleans, Blois, Tours, Angers, and The Château de la Source is a seventeenth-century edifice, of no great The great château of the Counts of Blois is built upon an inclined rock François Premier, the ancient Tour de Château Regnault, or De Moulins, little tree-bordered _place_ of to-day, which in other times formed a great events for France were culminating at the château. The interior of the château to-day presents the following remarkable other days which surrounded the old château and its faubourg. the château of Plessis-les-Tours on the Loire, Henri III. 3730 37344 episcopatulos." A French emigrant priest entered my house one day, he said, in great good-nature, "These old women will make a papist of lecture, I said I did not wish to engage in reading a great work in old English reading-rooms are set up at Tours and in other great towns; English family who, arriving early in the evening at an inn in France, want of time to visit this great city, so well worthy of the curiosity passing the day at the place of our visit, and returning in the cool of a man of twenty thousand francs a year lives in a larger house than a From Lyons, where he passed two days, Kenelm took the road to Paris by In the evening of the same day, this same man said to me, "Your son is sea, and into the great square, at one time called Place Napoleon, but 3740 37409 The Grande Mademoiselle believed herself in accord with her King and Saint-Fargeau, the King permitted him to retire to Blois.[17] Monsieur The entire Court of France recognised the Grande Mademoiselle before "The King always surprises me," relates Mme. de Maintenon at Saint Cyr, Lesdiguières, which in the bottom of his heart he was offering to Mme. de Sévigné, "The King had hardly departed when the crowd commenced to marriage, which took place June 9th in the church of Saint-Jean-de-Luz. Some days later, the Court retook the road to Paris. received from the King commands to return to Saint-Fargeau, "until new not touch it, the King and Mademoiselle, aided by Monsieur and Madame, repeated to all, that Mademoiselle had said that the King had himself [Footnote 295: _Mme. de Montespan et Louis XIV._] [Footnote 295: _Mme. de Montespan et Louis XIV._] Court of France, Mademoiselle returns to, 2, 57-59, 72; 37499 his first letters to Josephine, that Napoleon knew nothing of this at doubt the letters of the Emperor Napoleon are rarer and shorter than this time a General without an army."--_Napoleon to the Austrian _My Good Little Josephine_,--Your letter has come. _October 11th.--Birth of Napoleon Charles, son of Louis Bonaparte _December 2nd.--Napoleon crowns himself Emperor, and Josephine the French army, if the Emperor, journeying night and day, had not LETTER OF THE EMPRESS JOSEPHINE TO THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON. LETTER OF THE EMPRESS JOSEPHINE TO THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON. LETTER OF THE EMPRESS JOSEPHINE TO THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON. and two days before Napoleon''s letter to Carnot just mentioned, the war time Napoleon had to insist on Eugène keeping his letters and the first letter to Josephine signed Napoleon. received a letter from Hortense soon after Napoleon joined her _I am well placed._--On the same day Napoleon writes his brother REPUTED LETTERS OF NAPOLEON TO JOSEPHINE. 3775 37892 there ensued a great lull in political passion, a sort of general extent the government of that day, towards its close, assumed the ways with empty words; I knew that, if one great revolution is able to countries and other days; for the history of our own times, however new Moreover, at that time I saw the great vanity of any sort of political Men who show no fear in times of revolution are like princes with the they attack the National Assembly, we will come and defend you." I feel republican opinions, while at the same time it gave to long-established general election, the great majority of the exceptional men whom the time on the day before the opening of the Assembly in the new house, people, seize upon the government, and by a great effort establish it prodigious revolution which had in a few days taken place in men''s 37937 Paris Old and New--The Heart of France--Saint Louis--Old shall see in the course of this book, Paris left the hands of the place of the greater part of English writers visiting Paris who of Paris--which is the large building opposite Sainte Chapelle. Rue Saint-Honoré and the Grands Boulevards were built, and so the city Turning to the left up the Rue Vieille du Temple we come at No. 87 to a very beautiful ancient mansion, with a spacious courtyard, road from Paris to the north and to England, and by the Rue St. Martin Brisemiche, quite one of the best of the old narrow Paris streets, presented his pictures to Paris a few years ago; another room is But the French and English, London and Paris, are not really to be For life in Paris in the days in which this street was des Tournelles, and a few years later Henri IV., to whom old Paris 3838 Queen her mother, and King Charles her brother, married Henri, King of Queen Marguerite Permitted to Go to the King Her Husband.--Is Accompanied parents, brought up in the Court of the Kings my father and brothers, the Queen my mother, and King Charles my brother. inform the King and the Queen my mother that the Huguenot army was Upon this occasion, the Queen my mother represented to the King that the went immediately to the King and the Queen my mother, and informed them of my good brother King Charles, whom I loved more than any one besides, King my husband had foretold was come to pass; for the Queen my mother misunderstanding betwixt my brother and the King my husband. having joined my brother, as the King my husband and he acted in to receive to the particular favour of the King and the Queen my mother, 3839 out for Spa. At length my brother returned to Court, accompanied by all the Catholic The King, having now obtained assurances of my brother''s assistance in God the King your brother would come to a resolution of reconquering this brother-in-law, who had been there since the peace betwixt the King of King Charles my brother, a lady very high in the estimation of the orders from the King my brother to conduct me in safety on my return. betwixt the King''s favourites and Bussi and my brother''s principal The King desired my brother not to take anything ill that had been done, the King and the Queen my mother, coming up to me, said it would be offended; that, when it became known to the King my brother and the Queen to the King my brother. the King my brother himself was desirous of seeing me, and that if I 3840 other lands; and Charles went over to the English King. the Dauphin''s party in Paris assassinated the only great man France had desired to welcome Henry of England; the Queen of France also went over In 1422 King Henry died; a few weeks later Charles he was willing to recognise Charles as King of France. With the end of the English wars new life began to gleam out on France; At the time of Duke Philip''s death a new league had been formed against Louis, embracing the King of England, Edward IV., the Dukes of Burgundy broke truce and made war on the King, marching into northern France, As Duke Charles had left no male heir, the King at once resumed the duchy the English King and Francois I., leaving Charles V. the new King, Charles IX., was only, ten years old, and her position as 3842 Franche Comte, where Cardinal Mazarin gave orders for his being arrested; our Cardinal went as far as Valenciennes on his way to Paris, but was not The Duc de Retz, head of our family, broke at that time, by the King''s The Cardinal was of another mind, and had a great opinion--indeed, with own nature and by reason of his great favour with the Cardinal, the most good character from the Cardinal; for, when he was told how well I had Paris to mind his affairs at Court, told me these particulars by the sent for by the Count to Sedan to tell him the state of Paris. capable, I thought it high time to think of my own affairs. M. de Mesmes, that Cardinal de Richelieu had not one great quality but The Cardinal de Richelieu died in 1642, before the good Bishop had made 3843 The Court, overjoyed to see the Parliament and the people together by the Queen acquainted the Parliament by some of the King''s Council that, Parliament House in great pomp, and carry a wheedling declaration with please the Court I told the Queen and Cardinal how the Parisians then The Parliament hearing the cries of the people for Broussel, after having The next day the King''s Council carried an order of Council to Parliament I told the Prince that, considering how the minds of the Parliament were Prince de Conde flew out against the Parliament in the Queen''s presence; entreaties for a general peace, as the Parliament has wisely ordered, all fury of the people, though at the same time the Parliament believed the Court and the Parliament; though I had protested twenty times in the same When Parliament met upon State affairs, the Duc d''Orleans and the Prince 3844 In Paris the people libelled not only the Cardinal, but the Queen. Being informed that the Prince de Conde intended to oblige the King to The Prince, being one day at Court, and seeing the Cardinal give himself On the 14th the Prince de Conde went to Parliament and demanded that a The Queen sent a letter from the King to the Parliament with the reasons, Tellier had orders from the Cardinal to remove the Princes from the Bois mention to the Parliament what the Cardinal had told the King with were at liberty, and Cardinal Mazarin removed from the King''s person and the Palais Royal till the Princes were set at liberty and the Cardinal On the same day the Queen sent again to desire the Duc d''Orleans to come Cardinal Mazarin, condemned by the Parliament, from carrying the King out the Queen, the Duc d''Orleans, and the Prince de Conde, should be carried 3845 Cardinal passage; to desire the King to acquaint the Pope and other King against the return of the Cardinal, made their report in Parliament, Mazarin, arriving at Court again, persuaded the King to go to Saumur, their proceedings, and said the King had sent him carte blanche in order to lay down his arms as soon as the decrees against Cardinal Mazarin were the meantime, the King''s declaration against Cardinal Mazarin, and all prisoner to Cardinal Mazarin, the Duc d''Orleans should be desired to take King to return to his good city of Paris. wait upon the King with their thanks for removing Cardinal Mazarin, and power to bring the King back to Paris and to prevent Mazarin ever return to Paris; but orders were sent to the Duc d''Orleans to retire next came one day to tell me of the happy return of Cardinal Mazarin to Paris, 3847 Court lady, whose beauty bewitched a great King, and whose ruthless of Gabrielle, my heart has let itself be captured, not by a great king, The love-affair between Mademoiselle de la Valliere and the King having The King affectionately took hold of both my hands, and gently said: good friend, do not steal away the King''s heart from me!" When As the Queen-mother''s malady grew worse, the Court left Saint Germain to King set in brilliants, much to the surprise of the Queen-mother and his The Young Queen.--Her Portrait.--Her Whims.--Her Love for the King.--Her On leaving Spain and the King, young princess was moved to tears. Out of affection and respect for the Queen-mother, the King had until "His rank as king," replied Mademoiselle de la Valliere, "is not the d''Orleans, you one day become King of France, I know you well enough to Love-affair between Mademoiselle de la Valliere and the King 3848 Madame Scarron.--Her Petition.--The King''s Aversion to Her.--She is Presented to Madame de Montespan.--The Queen of Portugal Thinks of Birth of the Comte de Vegin.--Madame Scarron as Governess.--The King''s affectionately, the King said to me, "Be of good courage, madame; present The King soon came thither, and pointing to Saint Denis, said, The King said to me; "Madame, I believe Ibrahim has proclaimed your When the King had gone, Madame Scarron asked me why I disapproved of this The King arranged with Madame de Montausier, lady-in-waiting to the The King continued, "Madame, I know that the late M. "Madame de Thianges," replied the King, "pray, let us be friends. Madame de Montespan''s Intimacy with the King. It was not long before the King joined us, who said, "Madame, I never "Oh, madame!" exclaimed the King. "Do you think you will be able to manage them, madame?" asked the King, 3849 to the present time, widows and daughters of kings have married mere The Universal Jubilee.--Court Preachers.--King David.--Madame de This answer amused the King not a little, and he said to me: "I was told "Why, that Madame will do well to respect his Majesty the King as her At the same time, the King got rid of that little she-dwarf, named One day, by way of a short cut, the King was passing through the Queen''s One day he went up to the grande Mademoiselle de Montpensier, and said to measles, the Queen was inconsolable, and the King, good father that he poor little Vegin, and the Duc d''Anjou," said the King to me. President said to his wife, ''Madame, we are going to have a King. ''Your young King will turn out a despot.'' That is what Madame la "Madame," said the King, "here you see the one man in 3850 When the time came to set out by coach, madame went off into violent Like the King, she is somewhat grave; she has the same large brown eyes, Certain foreign princes proposed for her hand, when the King replied that Family.--Her Grandfather''s Papers Restored to Her. As Madame de Maintenon''s character happened to please the King, as I have King likes to talk about matters of State when she is present. Then the King smiled, and said to the young Flemish lady: "Pray, madame," quoth the King, "be so good as to finish your toilet; I Having made confession of all this to the King, his Majesty set him free, One day the King was passing through some of the large rooms of the The Page-Dauphin.--A Billet from the King.--Madame de Maintenon''s young person, who gave Madame de Mortemart a good deal of anxiety, as she 3851 According to all laws, human and divine, the King ought to punish Madame said to me: "I begin to fear that the King of Versailles is not acting I sent word to the King that the Marquis refused to assist his generous The King went in advance of us to Corbeil; Madame de Maintenon, her "His Majesty," said Madame de Maintenon, "has been enchanted with your "Pardon me," resumed Madame de Maintenon; "the King is never inhuman and As for you, madame, I know that the King considers you for the young man, and her Majesty begged the prince to solicit from the King of brother, the King of France, and asked him a brevet as duke for young day Queen of France by marrying Monsieur le Dauphin, whom she loved Two or three days after our arrival at Fontevrault, the King, who loves "Monseigneur will never love that woman," I said to the King. 3852 The King, followed by the Queen and all his Court,--by Monsieur le Madame de Maintenon, as lady in waiting, went on this journey; and Monsieur, having come some days afterwards to the King, complained of Madame de Maintenon, who, he said, had given offence to his wife. Life.--Ninon''s Secret for Beauty.--The King Would Remain Young or Become "Madame," answered the lady in waiting, "her Majesty does not prefer me "''And me, madame,'' said the prince, ''would you consent to make me young The Queen having been taken to Saint Denis, the King, Madame de between Madame de Maintenon and the King, it occurred to me to suspect Madame de Maintenon, having become a great lady, could, not reasonably Madame la Princesse de Conti, whom the King, up to this time, had not The time for mass being come, Madame de Maintenon said to the fair 3853 "Good-day, Monsieur Petitot," said the monarch to our artist, who rose on great talent has no concern?" said the King to him, gently. Madame de Montespan, in great alarm, has told me that you wished to leave The King said then: "I was ignorant of that fact; but the crown of the hand him a respectful petition on the subject, his Majesty begged Madame The King smiled at the conclusions of the lady in waiting, and said to repair, not to the King, my father, but to Madame la Marquise de At the time when I founded my little community of Saint Joseph, Madame de The King, having wished to know The King, who all his life had loved children greatly, did not take long any more except in the great carriage of the King, where we saw her in Madame de Maintenon, profiting by the King 3855 money, the disagreeable old Maintenon asked me in the King''s name to He made old Maintenon come, and said to her, "Madame is it was not the will of God. After the King''s death I repaired to St. Cyr to pay a visit to Madame de Maintenon told me that the King said to her, "Now that I am old my legitimated daughter of Madame de Montespan and the King, was Madame de Ludres, the King''s mistress, was an agreeable person; The King, the late Monsieur, the Dauphin, and the Duc de Berri were great When one of Madame de Montespan''s children died, the King was deeply The King at first could not bear Madame de Montespan,--[Daughter of Montespan was the cause of the King''s love for old Maintenon. Nobody, knows what the King said to Maintenon on his death bed. "Go away, Madame," said she; "the King is too much affected while he 3856 My son visits his wife every day, and when she is in good She said arrogantly, and yet my son kept his temper, "Is not the Dauphine "But, Madame," said my son, "you know, from the report which has been The old Maintenon wished to have the Duc du Maine made Regent; but my her husband, her son, and her brother-in-law put together; and that, like Madame d''Orleans has great influence over my son. other persons, to know whether, upon my son''s death, she would become the The King of Spain and Alberoni have a personal hatred against my son, would counsel him better than any other person." My son''s wife remains Maintenon and the Duc du Maine, that the King has believed him, and, loved the Dauphin more like a son than a husband. The Dauphine of Burgundy was the person whom the King loved above all 3857 wife of infidelity with the King, her brother-in-law, he told me, all her great terror, and said when he entered the house that he had seen Madame. old woman (Maintenon) once said, "bad company spoils good manners." To The Prince de Conti said he should like to have "The Imitation of The Prince and Princess are very fond of each other; but it is said they The Duke''s wife is not an ill-looking person: she has good eyes, and condition, she told the King that Madame de Berri and my son were Although the Duke and the Prince de Conti are brothers-in-law in two Duke has said that he never would have married that Princess, and that to the King all that was necessary to be said to him respecting my son''s The Prince de Conti said to Mr. Law, "Do you know When he took leave of my son, Law said 3858 Madame de Cornuel shook her head, and said, "I have seen this King James; His brother, the King, was desirous, it is said, at first, to have made Prince''s replying in the affirmative, the King, his brother, struck him. The Prince said, "You are my King and my brother, and therefore I cannot said upon her death-bed, "that from the time of her becoming Queen she presented you to the King some years ago, said that you could find When the Duke found himself in the King''s presence, he said to him, good-looking as you are?"--"That is very probable," said the King, still The Queen-mother is said to have eaten four times a day in a frightful King, having heard her story, said, "This is your own fault; why did you King''s ghost is said to appear, but the good Francois I. Her mother said once at Court, "My daughter has not come with me to-day 3860 The King''s Natural Children.--Proposed Marriage of the Duc de Chartres.-Position of the Prince of Orange.--Strange Conduct of the King.--Surprise the King.--Death of Monsieur.--Various Forms of Grief.--The Duc de Death and Last Days of Madame de Montespan.--Selfishness of the King.-de Bourgogne.--Madame.--A Swiss Asleep.--Picture of a Court.--The HeirApparent''s Night.--The King Returns to Marly.--Character of Monseigneur. The King Unhappy and Ill at Ease.--Court Paid to Him.--A New Scheme to Conduct of Madame de Maintenon.--The King''s Death. Projected Marriages of the King and of the Daughter of the Duc d''Orleans_ favourite of a King long dead,--with no new friends at Court,--to acquire the King, having led a great siege this year, would rest the next. eldest daughter of the King and Madame de Montespan, had married Monsieur time past Madame de Maintenon, even more than the King, had thought of friend of every new mistress of the King; and when he favoured Madame de 3861 For some time past he had lost favour with the King and About this time the King of England thought matters were ripe for an recalled, and pleased the King so much that Madame de Maintenon, in fear passing near the frigates said that the King and Queen were looking on, the King fixed the day for the marriage of the Duc de Bourgogne to the To witness it, the King, Madame de Maintenon, all between the King and Madame de Maintenon. In the evening while I was at the King''s supper, I was sent for by Madame reprimand from the King, a good scolding from Madame de Maintenon, and He wrote, for the amusement of the King and Madame de Maintenon, Neither the King nor Madame de Maintenon ever spoke to him farrier, in order to oblige the King to declare Madame de Maintenon 3862 The King of Spain made a great stir in consequence of what had taken The King listened very attentively, and then said to Madame de Maintenon, went to mass, during which at his right hand was the new King of Spain, The King returned into the palace for some time, in order to recover King, and but little known to the Queen, was of great service to both. Monsieur, and I know that you do not like me." The King, surprised and the apartments of Madame de Maintenon, where was the King with the Such was the affection of the King: such that of Madame de Maintenon! arriving there the King went to visit Madame and her son and daughter-inlaw separately. between the King and Madame de Maintenon, whether it was that of marriage better treated afterwards by the King and by Madame de Maintenon. 3863 followed the King in all his conquests in the Low Countries and FrancheComte; but he had remained little at the Court since his voyage to Spain, Madame des Ursins soon managed to obtain the entire confidence of this them, and Madame des Ursins, of whom they were old friends, soon showed But Madame des Ursins, who thought that the time had not yet Rhine, Madame des Ursins was pressing matters to extremities in Spain. He wrote a letter to the King, without showing it to Madame des Madame des Ursins, and no longer under their influence, than the King allow Madame des Ursins, not to return into Spain--that would have been the King turned round to speak to her and Madame de Maintenon, who came Madame des Ursins, and was close to the King--the conversation between In relating what happened to Madame des Ursins upon her return to Spain, 3864 the King made people dance who had long since passed the age for doing commander of the Marechals of France, and although the King refused him once went to the King, who was in the apartments of Madame de Maintenon. M. d''Orleans had in the mean time been forced to lead his army to Turin, Since she had quitted the Court the King gave her twelve thousand Louis indeed made itself felt so much at this time, that the King was obliged that the King had ordered the news to be kept secret. reached Versailles the King was informed of what had taken place. her as being to Monseigneur, what Madame de Maintenon was to the King. The King and Madame de Maintenon were in no way ignorant of all this, but short time before her death, the King gave her a hundred thousand francs 3865 But the King merely said that the Dukes ought to have presented left the robes; The news of what had taken place, and of the King''s At last, however, Madame de Maintenon being gained over, the King was than the King would have felt by this what manner of man was this general gave time to the English to join them; thereupon the King held a council, places, and Vendome actually wrote to the King, begging him to remember bow to the King, another to Madame de Maintenon, passed before the few The King spoke sufficiently at table to Monseigneur le Duc de Bourgogne; the King in the apartments of Madame de Maintenon. Next day he passed an hour with the King at Madame de Maintenon''s. Monseigneur, and, when he dared, to the King, he would have been thought During this time Madame de Bourgogne spoke to Monseigneur of the 3866 Madame de Maintenon, who, in her turn, was as much disturbed, the King The King one day asked him if he had much desire to return into Spain. time the King gave orders to M. his life had for a long time offended the King, the Court, and the Madame de Maintenon actually caused the King to offer her received Madame de Maintenon at Dinan, when the King was besieging Namur; In the evening of that day, the King found Madame Voysin King, hated by Madame de Maintenon and Monseigneur, and regarded with an consequently brother of the Duc de Bourgogne and of the King of Spain). had been taken to see the King at the apartments of Madame de Maintenon, Monseigneur by piquing the King against Madame la Duchesse, and making Duc d''Orleans to speak to the King. received by the King, and complimented agreeably by Madame de Maintenon. 3867 never appeared while the King was with Monseigneur, but kept close in her and that the King had sent word to Madame de Bourgogne that he was going At Marly everybody had felt so confident that the King''s return there was illness of Monseigneur, the King, as I have said, asked Madame de Monseigneur le Duc de Bourgogne become Dauphin, Madame la Dauphine went every day to Marly to see him. were resumed immediately after the death of Monseigneur, the King passing Madame de Maintenon, but without that of the King, who would have made a King entered the Dauphine''s chamber, which Madame de Maintenon scarcely King came early next morning to see the Dauphine. The Dauphin reached the chamber of the King, full just then of company. The King and Madame de Maintenon saw him separately several time the King dined in Madame de Maintenon''s apartments once or twice a 3868 The Queen of Spain, for a long time violently attacked with the king''s her heart upon this, and the king of Spain was a long time before he King, too, was much vexed with Madame des Ursins; vexed also to see peace what the King had said; Castries told it to Madame la Duchesse d''Orleans, upon a person like Madame des Ursins, who up to this time had been on the King of Spain as soon as Madame des Ursins was out of Quadraque, of Madame des Ursins than if the King had never known her. of Madame des Ursins than if the King had never known her. the King of Spain signed the order by which the Princesse des Ursins was Madame la Duchesse de Berry, came during the morning to beg the King, in King perceived her, "Madame," said he to her, like a man full of 3869 Soon after the Chancellor left the King, Madame de Maintenon, who On Tuesday, the 27th of August, the King said to Madame de Maintenon, time to taste it, than the pride of the King made him wish to astonish du Maine and Madame la Duchesse, whom the King wished to these children were taken to Madame de Montespan, then shown to the King, Montespan, who several times made the King give presents to her. the intervention of Madame de Maintenon, in order to attract the King to King spoke more freely to Madame de Maintenon, and that she; venturing to usual to work with the King in Madame de Maintenon''s rooms. taken rather unwell at Madame de Maintenon''s, that the King had forced by chance the King stopped at the name Madame de Maintenon wished, the The King nearly always hesitated, and asked Madame de Maintenon what she 3870 this pause the King gave audiences when he wished to accord any; spoke mornings when there was no council, the King usually passed from mass to At other times when he came from Saint-Cloud, the King, on arriving at The King, wishing to retire, went and fed his dogs; then said good night, person of the King, of the Regent, of the Court, and of Paris. On the day after the arrival of the King at Vincennes, the Regent worked time a positive order from the King of England, written and signed by his to the King of Spain the very moment he received this order, and to le Duc d''Orleans, for the King order to depart, and to inform the Duc de Saint-Aignan that the King of wished to come into France during the time of the late King, who civilly but as having received through the Marechal the King''s order, and that 3871 le Duc d''Orleans, in the name of the Parliament, and to prepare for le Duc d''Orleans, and afterwards that a Bed of justice was wanted, le Duc d''Orleans in bed with fever, as he said; after quitting me, than the Duc du Maine went to speak to the Marechal de A little while after the Duc du Maine placed himself towards the Duc du Maine''s seat, which had been taken by the Keeper of le Duc d''Orleans said something, I don''t know what, of silence the Regent said, that the peers had had for some time good The Regent having returned back to his place, said to le Duc d''Orleans said, in a very composed manner, that he did not every time he went to the King on this occasion the Regent rose and his eyes on the Chief-President, and said: The King wishes to be obeyed, 3872 le Duc d''Orleans that Madame de Mouchy, one of the M. le Duc d''Orleans informed me then of the fixed design of Madame la Madame la Duchesse d''Orleans was at Montmartre for a few days, and M. le Duc d''Orleans dilated upon his troubles, his anger, that of Madame le Duc and Madame la Duchesse d''Orleans would le Duc and Madame la Duchesse d''Orleans would M. le Duc d''Orleans distributed a large number of the Company''s shares to M. le Duc d''Orleans; he had drawn, too, a good deal from Law, in private. said: the Regent, in reply, named several young people, who, although of le Duc d''Orleans sent to the AttorneyGeneral 200,000 livres in coin, and as much in bank notes of 100 livres, le Duc d''Orleans and Law. The crowd was very great. le Duc d''Orleans, "Law The Regent and the Abbe Dubois, who for a long time had only too many 3873 For a long time a species of war had been declared between the King of The King went in state to Notre Dame and Saint Genevieve to thank God. These mummeries, thus prolonged, extended to the end of August and the daily life of the King and Queen of Spain, which in many respects was immediately came and presented to the King his slippers and his dressinggown; he at once passed across the empty room and entered into a cabinet, The Queen, as soon as the King had passed into his cabinet, put on her These long details upon the daily life of the King and Queen may appear The chase was every day the amusement of the King, and the Queen was this was at an end, the King went towards the Queen, and I followed him some time; after which my son came back and knelt before the King again 3874 arranging his papers when I saw Cardinal Dubois enter like a whirlwind, M. le Duc d''Orleans put several questions to Dubois, I took Duc d''Orleans begged the King to step into a little back cabinet, where le Duc d''Orleans looked fixedly at the Marechal and said, the Regent; I mean when he carried the news of the arrest to the King. M. le Duc d''Orleans having returned from the King, saying that the news six days at Villeroy; and as he was not dangerous away from the King, he and after the King''s death we saw each other nearly every day at Paris, Lauzun, in the utmost surprise, wished to know why, to see the King or le Duc d''Orleans, there must be another master besides the King, M. le Duc d''Orleans had everything prepared to go and work with the King. le Duc to the King, having probably made his 3876 said she to me, one day, "that the King learns expressions which said to Madame de Pompadour, who sat next to him at table, "People are The King called a groom, and said to him, "You see that little slightest restraint) one day said to Madame de Pompadour, in my presence, Madame de Pompadour scolded her, and said, "I don''t like to be treated "What is the matter?" said Madame de Pompadour. of him, Sire," said Madame de Pompadour. come my kittens," said Madame de Pompadour; "all that we are about is Madame called me, one day, into her closet, where the King was walking up I asked Madame, if the young lady knew that the King was the father of To return to my history: Madame de Pompadour said to me, "Be constantly An anonymous letter was addressed to the King and Madame de Pompadour; "How is Madame de Pompadour?" said 3877 pity," said Madame to me, "that the Abbe Chauvelin cannot know this." He The next day, the Abbe wrote word that Madame Bontemps also said to him, He came, one day, to visit Madame de Pompadour, at a time Pompadour''s room one day, in a great passion, and said, "Would you promised nothing, but I related the history to Madame, who said she would The King came into Madame de Pompadour''s room, one day, as she was lowest," said I to Madame, one day, when she was speaking to me of some Madame said to him, "I have heard a great deal of a charming story you Madame de Pompadour was ill, and the King came to see her several times a Madame told the King of the days after this, Madame de said to me, "I have two great delights; M. One day, but long afterwards, Madame said 3878 SECRET COURT MEMOIRS OF LOUIS XVI. A person, high in the confidence of the Princess, through the means of "The character of Maria Theresa, the Empress-mother of Marie Antoinette, which youth and beauty might obtain over such a King and Court. Archduchess Marie Antoinette with the grandson of Louis XV. influence prevailed, and Marie Antoinette became the Dauphine. which Maria Theresa had been particular: the Empress-mother deemed them "Most unfortunately for Marie Antoinette, her great supporter, Madame de death of the late Queen, their mother, these four Princesses (who, it was that the only fault the French Court could find with Marie Antoinette was the young Dauphine, left the royal party, and never appeared again at "The conduct of Maria Theresa towards her daughter, the Queen of Naples, "Exulting to find Marie Antoinette in his power, the Cardinal left the Dauphine by marrying her sister to the King, that the secret hope of 3879 "Such was the goodness of heart of the excellent Queen of Louis XVI., "After dinner, ''My dear Princess,'' said the Queen to me, ''at your time of "I thanked Her Majesty, the King, and the Princess, for their kindness, far from receiving any pay, she often paid the Queen''s and Princesse whenever the Princess entered before the stated times, the Queen would sister-in-law, the Comtesse Julie de Polignac, to the Queen; and having "Her appearance at Court was as fatal to the Queen as it was propitious said Her Majesty, leading me to the Emperor, ''is the Princess,'' and, then Queen laughing by thanking His Imperial Majesty for the compliment. Queen, where Her Majesty could see the Baron without the exposure of objections to the Queen, Her Majesty, feeling no inward cause of "When we were alone, ''How I should like,'' said the Queen, ''to see this 3880 said, The Queen is happily delivered, Her Majesty was nearly suffocated. "''Well, then,'' said the Queen, ''I am like my mother, for at my birth she tears of joy, the King said to her: ''Madame, the hopes of the nation, and preference given by the Queen to the Duchesse de Polignac, that which Majesty through France, was, in consequence, generally placed at the from the capital, yet the Queen, the royal aunts, the Princesse communication with the Queen; that she had interested Her Majesty in strain every point to blacken the character of the King and Queen, as the But the Queen''s party too fatally seconded her feelings, and prevailed. the Queen replied, ''Then the King, the Ministers, and the people, will "''This, my dear Duchess,'' cried the Queen, I comes from the Palais Royal party, and especially to His Majesty and the Queen. beloved people, among whom both the King and Queen will find many 3881 "''Come, come!'' said the King, ''be not alarmed, I shall order a council of "When the Queen saw the body-guards drawn up to accompany the King''s "He arrived at Paris just in time to see His Majesty take the national remained, is it likely that the King and Queen would have been watched thus expose Their Royal Majesties to double mortification, the Queen Majesty and the King wish well to the nation--I am sorry to say it--its "''My dear Princess,'' replied the Queen, ''the goodness of your own heart The riots increasing, the Queen said to His Majesty: "''Oh, Princess!'' continued Her Majesty, in a flood of tears, ''the King''s When I entered the apartment, the King, the Queen, and the Princesse The King, the Queen, and the Princesse Elizabeth most graciously said, the King and Queen personally, abandoned the Court. the King,'' said Her Majesty to the attendant, ''and if you find him alone, 3882 Grace was charged to deliver letters addressed to Her Majesty''s royal Princesse de Lamballe, he interested the Court of France to write to the The King, Queen, and every member of the Royal Princesse Elizabeth, all the attendants, even the King, I believe, King, the Queen, the Princesse Elizabeth and myself, with many others "''Merciful Heaven!'' exclaimed the poor Queen and the Princesse Elizabeth, Assembly, and convey and receive letters from the Queen to the Princesse apartments, we were observed by Her Majesty and the Princesses. her apartment, accompanied by the Queen and Her Royal Highness the "Her Majesty," observed the Princess, "wishes to give you a mark of her Her Majesty had scarcely left the apartment of the Princess, when I The Princess immediately went to the Queen''s apartment, and Queen and Her Royal Highness the Princesse Elizabeth, in their own The Princesse Elizabeth, and perhaps others of the royal prisoners, hoped 3884 these weeping women, Sire,'' said the old equerry; ''I want to speak to you of the King''s or Queen''s chamber to be there, in order that his Majesty Sire,'' said a courtier, whose office placed him in close communication Louis.''--''D''Aigremont,'' said the King, ''I forgive you on account of your formed, Madame Campan was appointed her reader, and received from Marie while she was yet at St. Germain, Napoleon observed to Madame Campan: "I [Madame Murat one day said to Madame Campan: "I am astonished that you are Napoleon once said to Madame Campan, "The old systems of education were up in France?"--"Of mothers," answered Madame Campan. addressing questions to several of the pupils: ''Well, madame,'' said he, ''I am satisfied; show me your six best pupils.''" Madame Campan presented Madame Campan thus described a visit from the Czar of Russia: "A few days [A lady, connected with the establishment of St. Denis, told Madame Campan 3885 Princesses Marie and Felicite, who died young; Madame Henriette died at accompany the princes to Louis XV.; this visit was called the King''s The King continued to talk only of the Dauphiness; and Madame du Barry Princess to the use of the Queens and Dauphinesses of France. Princesses, the King''s daughters, the Princes also, brothers of the The King then sent for Madame du Barry, and said to her: Madame du Barry saw the King again for a moment on the evening of the 4th, kindness of the King and Queen, had so sincerely attached her to the cause the young King giving his arm to the Queen, and accompanied by a very of public condolence for the late King, on which, as they said, the Queen four women in full dress, presented the plates to the King and Queen. When the dinner was over the Queen returned without the King to her 3886 I was with the Queen when the King, having finished his researches, some time, and that the Queen was astonished that any man in good society Before the Emperor Joseph II''s first visit to France the Queen received a This child remained with the Queen until the time when Madame was old The dominion that the Queen gained over the King''s mind, the charms of a indeed very well received at Court, but equally so by the King and Queen. none of those young persons were admitted into the Queen''s private circle From the time of Louis XVI.''s accession to the throne, the Queen had been private circle of the King and Queen. He dined with the King and Queen, and supped with the whole family. little more under the eyes," said the Emperor to the Queen; "lay on the The Queen added that she said to him: "Rise, monsieur; the King shall be 3887 subsisted between the King and Queen; I never saw but one cloud between The Queen laid before the King all the memorials of the Duc de Guines, The Queen advised the King to give her St. Cloud, as a means of avoiding it was said, for the Queen by Cardinal de Rohan. I have already said that in 1774 the Queen purchased jewels of Boehmer to The Queen, after having her diamonds reset in new patterns, told Boehmer offered it, during the last war, to the king and Queen; but their of the King, the Queen, or the Minister. went to Madame Campan''s country house, and she told him that the Queen had into the King''s closet, where the Queen then was. since he was going to a country where the names of King and Queen must be The Queen favoured this plan, to which the King 3888 people; they demanded that the King and Queen, with their children, should On the evening of the 14th of July the King came to the Queen''s enemies of his King, and said that, since he had seen him and the Queen The King and Queen, their children, and Madame Elisabeth, retired to the The Queen ordered me to repeat this reply to the King myself, and said to dinner of the King and Queen to present Madame de Favras and her son, both Queen broke silence and said to the King, "Do you hear, Sire, what Campan Queen said to me that she thought the King, by leaving all the honour of The Queen told them that the King wished to Queen rose, the King went out, and Madame Elisabeth followed him; the The King and Queen The people in the service of the King and Queen 3889 The Queen having met me next day at the time affecting, added the Queen, than this moment, in which the King felt bound King and Queen but from within France, and that he would serve the The King, the Queen, and Madame Elisabeth ate together, Queen''s apartments to repeat all this to the King, who used to say, on The Queen pointed out to the deputies the state of the King''s Queen appealed to her family and the King''s brothers; her letters probably The Queen was recommended, in order to give the King''s friends delivered to the King or the Queen by M. up to the King." The Queen desired me to follow her; several of her women At four o''clock the Queen came out of the King''s chamber and told us she The Queen said to me as she left the King''s chamber, "Wait in my 3890 departure of the King and Queen for the Temple, my sister was detained a royal prisoners wished to take the King alone to the Tower, and his family visited the Temple and assured the King that Madame de Lamballe and all Queen, the children, and Madame Elisabeth went up to the King''s chamber to At ten the King and his family went down to the Queen''s [At nine o''clock, says Clery, the King asked to be taken to his family, ordered to pick them out." The room in the great tower to which the King Prince waited on Clery all day, and in the evening the King contrived to municipal officers entered and said they had come "to take young Louis to Trial of the King.--Parting of the Royal Family.--Execution. ''But at least,'' the King said, ''my son will pass the night in my executed." On the King''s return to the Temple being known, "my mother 3892 It is very generally imagined, but falsely, that Napoleon Bonaparte to approach his person; he confined Madame Bonaparte for several hours to MY LORD:--No act of Bonaparte''s government has occasioned so many, so Gregoire, Cambaceres, Lebrun, Talleyrand, Joseph and Napoleon Bonaparte Many persons do Madame Bonaparte, the mother, the honour of supposing presence of fifty persons, "Napoleon Bonaparte had never anything to persons; but it has also much disappointed Bonaparte and Talleyrand, who MY LORD:--The day on which Madame Napoleon Bonaparte was elected an following May, the Senate proclaimed Napoleon Bonaparte Emperor of the In deploring her mother''s situation, Madame Louis Bonaparte informed her favourite, "Napoleon Bonaparte been just and humane, he would neither Courts the Emperor of the French was still Monsieur Bonaparte; and your mother is one of Madame Bonaparte''s Maids of Honour, was travelling for subjects of Bonaparte, were, by the advice of Talleyrand, offered places Madame Bonaparte, at the same time, selected 3893 national property in France was disposed of at one or two years'' "Is the Police Minister and Senator, Fouche, your friend?" continued he. possesses now the unlimited confidence of Napoleon Bonaparte, and, as far by Bonaparte among the Prussian Ministers and Generals, "his his wife, General and Madame Murat, the Ministers Berthier, Talleyrand, Madame Louis Bonaparte, whom I found extremely amiable, but I fear that The person entrusted by Bonaparte and Talleyrand to carry on at Rome the Madame Letitia Bonaparte answered her His sister, Madame Letitia Bonaparte, presented him, in 1802, with an friend Talleyrand expected, and that Bonaparte thought he had a natural At Mentz no Prince or Minister fawned more assiduously upon Bonaparte Pope, he waited on Madame Letitia Bonaparte. On the next day Napoleon invited Madame Letitia to dinner, and Fouche had Fouche and Talleyrand are reported to have disagreed before Bonaparte on 3894 de Gallo gained the good graces of Bonaparte and of France in 1797, he MY LORD:--You have perhaps heard that Napoleon Bonaparte, with all his when Bonaparte demanded him, having known him at the military college. subject of Bonaparte, must be a traitor against the French Government and MY LORD:--Joseph Bonaparte leads a much more retired life, and sees less The hours of Joseph Bonaparte are neither so late as yours in England, never was a great favourite with Joseph Bonaparte, whose reserved manners took leave of Bonaparte, he was told to return to France victorious, or Bonaparte discourages much all marriages among the military in general, 1799, Bonaparte gave him the office of judge of the criminal tribunal, personally of Lucien Bonaparte, who certainly is a composition of good MY LORD:--As long as Austria ranks among independent nations, Bonaparte In 1800 he was appointed an Ambassador to Napoleon Bonaparte and Charles 3895 individuals not far from Bonaparte''s person, two of whom were Italian their parents and fortunes by the Revolutions effected by Bonaparte in Bonaparte the command of the army of Italy, Salicetti was appointed a throw great light on Bonaparte''s future views of Italy. livres--in presents to different generals, grand officers, deputations, Bonaparte said he made those changes which placed him at the head of members composing Bonaparte''s Legion of Honour. handsome present to Madame Bonaparte, in 1799, he obtained the favour of State by Bonaparte, he was entrusted with the command of the army against When Bonaparte was proclaimed an Emperor of the French, Brune It was then that Bonaparte sent Joubert with a letter in his own Bonaparte returned here, Brune was ordered to take command on the coast, But Madame Napoleon Bonaparte, for a small All the members of the Bonaparte family, female as well as male, honour 3896 I have heard a female friend of Madame Bonaparte explain, in part, the of a Swiss porter is now one of Bonaparte''s adjutants-general, a colonel make certain douceurs to Madame Bonaparte; and it is said that she has General Mortier is one of the few favourite officers of Bonaparte who Bonaparte presented Madame Mortier on this occasion with a diamond thousand livres in the year--besides a present, in ready money, of one advanced Bonaparte twelve millions of livres--to bribe adherents for the general, the Prince of Peace treats with insolence all persons raised said was at once believed; the Prince and Princess were ordered under "A King of Spain is well aware that a Prince and Princess of Asturias can from Spain, the Prince and Princess of Asturias had not appeared at Court have more prospect of being an Emperor than Napoleon Bonaparte had ten 3897 house I saw for the first time the famous Madame Chevalier, the mistress, observed that Louis Bonaparte and two foreign Ambassadors spoke to her as Our Ambassador to the United States, General Turreaux, is far from being Napoleon live to dictate another general pacification, the United States grand officer of Bonaparte''s Legion of Honour, and has a long claim to Immediately after Bonaparte''s return to France, Melzi left Milan, and MY LORD:--No Sovereign Prince has more incurred the hatred of Bonaparte Madame Bonaparte''s drawing-room, in the presence of fifty persons. capital, a place he resigned last year to General Murat. said: "I am General Junot, the commander of Paris, and this officer who Madame Bonaparte, his mother, has one hotel at Paris, to see the day when the mandates of Bonaparte or Talleyrand are honoured The general and grand officer of Bonaparte''s Legion of Honour, Van Damme, under Bonaparte, is his brother-in-law, Prince Murat. 3898 those Princes who received other presents from Bonaparte could have no statement of our military forces) was presented to Bonaparte by Berthier, orders; while, at the same time, the army is both more honourable and North of Europe, Bonaparte''s numerous and young generals are impatient to Prussia has acknowledged Bonaparte an Emperor of the French, has Italy, and is, therefore, at present a subject of Bonaparte''s I was in your country I often heard it said that the Irish were generally as a general of division under Bonaparte in Italy, where he distinguished General St. Cyr, our second in command of the army of Italy, is also an Bonaparte at Ulm was ordered to pass by the corps under the command of Bonaparte he is become a Senator and a commander of the Legion of Honour. less to command armies; and a military chief who does not consider the 38997 France.--Pleasure of revisiting Paris after long absence.--What this Young France looks like. indescribable air of gaiety which makes every sunshiny day look like a remark in the literature of France at the present time, is the effect spirit; though probably Paris was no more like the pretty panorama he A stiff but gentleman-like old man first came, and having taken a like general remark; unless, indeed, it be that the air of Paris looking, as I heard a young republican say, "like winged messengers, man said in my hearing; for he assured me the first time I ever saw great king have looked a little farther, and dreamed of the scenes likely to keep the naughty boys of Paris in order as I think his possible that any hour of the day could find a public walk in Paris These rooms were, like every other place in Paris where human beings 3900 39710 by the light of day, brought forward at the same time legions of men a noble lady of the third or fourth degree is likely enough to look a wit and wisdom go a great way, by means of short lines and long stops, truly observes, "C''est là ce qui vous fait valoir dans les compagnies, I know not how it is that people who appear to pass so few hours of manner, according to his account, it appears to work in France. time that I turned my head to look after a sovereign of France. jeune miss--ce qui n''est pas une chose absolument facile dans la hands, which looked like a young lady''s collection of manuscript lovely ladies in the world, n''est-ce pas?--to rise from table, and "Have you read the works of the _young men_ of France?" was the in his days: so are they at the present time in France; so will they 40306 palaces, churches, monuments, streets, and squares; the Paris of Pont Saint-Michel, some old houses still remain which witnessed the The Isle of Saint-Louis is, in some sort, the continuation of the old In the Rue Saint-Louis, is the admirable In this old quarter of the Isle of Saint-Louis, at the confluence of the Little to-day is left of these old walls; but, ten years ago, the hill There was the Rue Saint-Jacques, with its old book-sellers and [Illustration: THE RUE DES PRÊTRES-SAINT-SÉVERIN IN 1866 The Rue Saint-Séverin is a picturesque medley of old houses round the [Illustration: THE CHURCH OF SAINT-NICOLAS-DU-CHARDONNERET, AND THE RUE The Rue de Venise, one of the most ancient Paris streets, is not far My parents knew an old woman, living in the Rue Saint-Merri, who, for those to-day opening into the Rue Saint-Claude came from the ancient [Illustration: THE RUE SAINT MARTIN (1866)--THE GREEN-WOOD TOWER 40699 At other times my father played strange, melancholy old Breton tunes one day when her little boy, after gazing intently at her, said, [Illustration: "_Bonne maman_ was devoted to my father"] the bed, but _bonne maman_ said: "No; let her stay. occurred in _bonne maman''s_ room, they were between my father and I remember coming in from the garden one day with a little basket full next morning I was told that I had a little sister, old Gertrude, in look like an angry little monkey!" But _bonne maman_ reminded me in a I remember that on this day _bonne maman_ had left her puce-color and troublesome, for I remember that _maman_ promised me a little the house of dear Tante Rose, my father''s eldest sister. were poor gardeners, and the little _bonne_ who came in by the day to that I was to go in the _coupé_ with _maman_, papa, and little 41220 Napoleon said: "I have been ordered to serve as a general of the line in French battery, Napoleon instantly detached General Beaumont and his "My extreme youth when I took command of the Army of Italy," Napoleon He forthwith issued a general order commanding the French army to wrap body of the French army, which still remained in order of battle, was old Austrian generals, who had made campaigns against Napoleon, are said "The Russian army is surrounded," said Napoleon to Francis; "Not a man Napoleon at a moment when the French army, returning from Austerlitz, turned; the French army passed entirely around them, and Napoleon seized delight that Napoleon was present at the great battle which the French Napoleon''s army again entered Vienna, the Emperor taking up his old The effective force of the army in France, when Napoleon landed at "The enemy''s army" said Napoleon, "is superior Napoleon II., Emperor of the French. 41689 us up from the town 130 French wounded, to make room for their own in Germans, who turned all the French wounded that they could out of the Accordingly, I went into the town, and saw the French guns which had now Prussian Military Hospitals, many of whom knew French fairly well, and French town through which he passed, to provide him with whatever horses Our Ambulance train came to a standstill in the Place Bannier, while Dr. Pratt was making his report, and getting our quarters assigned to us. A German soldier of the Line had received a bullet wound behind While we remained, I saw numbers of French soldiers going round to the bestowed such time as we could spare upon any French wounded that came place on that very day, and in which a large number of Prussians were Ambulance, German: treatment of French wounded, 81; 41914 escorting the little ten-year-old Henry IV., the new King of England, Saint-André-des-Arts, and was done away with in the cutting of Rue Saint-André-des-Arts, and the very ancient walls in the rear court of Saint-Germain comes down to the quay, and where the old wall came down the end of this latter street, where Rue Saint-Honoré passes in front Meung, its site now marked by a tablet in the wall of the house No. 218 Rue Saint-Jacques. narrow lane in the marshes, named later Rue des Marais-Saint-Germain, timbered house on the eastern corner of Rues Saint-Honoré and des house owned by his father, on the old corner of Rue de la Réale, and side of the street, about half way up between Rue des Écoles and Place named Rue des Marais-Saint-Germain, having begun life as a country Molière comes from his rooms in Rue Saint-Honoré, or from his theatre; large house, No. 61 Rue Saint-André-des-Arts. 42231 but Paris destroyed the Bastille." In the days when the great State greatest of the French kings, and at the same time marks the very ground The new house established in the Porte Saint-Martin was opened 109 days Saint-Denis, where, in the burial-place of the French kings, the only Saint-Denis, where, in the burial-place of the French kings, the only in Paris at the time of the New Year, may venture to have dealings with After the days of October the Assembly followed the King to Paris; and the people of Paris, who looked upon the revolution now taking place was living at the time, but in the old palace of the French kings. In the early days of Paris the churches were at Christmas-time made Paris National Guard, on the Place Louis XV., and in the Champs Élysées. In the time of Saint Louis the old Hôtel-Dieu received 900 patients. 42367 carried away by new Boulevard Saint-Germain, and with it the _hôtel_ with his mother, in a small apartment on the fourth floor of No. 19--now 37--Rue Notre-Dame-des-Champs. the shabby houses just west of Saint-Jacques-du-Haut-Pas, in Rue des was put to school in the same street, and later in Rue Saint-Louis, des Marais-Saint-Germain, now Rue Visconti; named for the famous Raphael de Valentin lived in the _hôtel-garni_ Saint-Quentin, Rue des he lived in a great mansion, No. 40 Rue Saint-Lazare, in other rooms Not far from this house of death, in Rue Saint-Antoine too, was a warrants, and he places the house in Rue des Tournelles, while it was year 1813, in a roomy old building of the time of Louis XV., in Rue du piece of it, holding an old house, that fronted on Rue Saint-Antoine, grounds of the Hôtel Saint-Paul and the cutting of streets through 4289 excellent Prince, Louis, 16th of the name, by the grace of God King of Charles X.,''--the new King greeted at the tomb of his august Martyr-King, of the Queen Marie Antoinette, of the Duke of Berry, of consisted of six persons only,--the King, the Duke and Duchess of 4. Louis-Charles-Philippe-Raphael, Duke of Nemours, born at Paris, Optimist, like all good natures, the new King would not believe evil. Now let us throw a general glance over the court of the King, Charles "Never did a king so love his people," says the Duke Ambroise King; the Marshal Victor Duke of Bellune, major-general of the royal the King himself, the brother of Louis XVI., Charles X.! By an ordinance of the same day he named to be Dukes, the Count Charles The King, Monsieur, the Duke and Duchess of Berry, all showed equal The King, the Dauphin and Dauphiness, the Duke and Duchess of Orleans, 42954 neat little figures these women, with their short dark-blue or red descend a flight of stone steps between two high walls, green and dark sun, is busy drying her day''s washing, and a little girl is driving All Bretons love the sun; they are like little children in their western door--meek-faced little people in black pinafores and shiny clean market-day blue linen blouses kneeling on the stone floor, hats on a market-day such as this in an old-world Breton town. one sees fine old archways of gray stone, ancient and lofty--relics of day long she worked steadily in the open place, wielding an immensely white-winged caps, sit all day long sewing broad bands of velvet the convent door that morning, feeling like a little child come home slovenly yellow-faced wife (women in the wilds of Brittany grow old This little town, with its high gray walls, is very important. 43209 [Illustration: "In a little place called Le Monastier, in a pleasant little highland town, which lies secure away from railways and can lies La Bastide, a drowsy little town despite its long connection with wife--a fair-haired little woman with cheeks like red apples, dressed taken us some two hours, and we had a long way to travel that day. passing on our way the old castle of Miral and a picturesque church valleys such as these, or in cosy little towns like Pont de Montvert, river only a little way from the road. place precisely as Stevenson pictures it, noting by the way a tiny new withdrawn a little way from the east end of the grand old There are several ways of reaching this little-known corner of France, The little town sits in the mouth of a great ravine that place in days of old, for it is one of the interesting things in the 43231 In its early days, then, the Bastille was not a prison, though it became We shall give later the list of the prisoners in the Bastille Bastille destroyed an old fortified castle: the state prison no longer prisoners, came to endow the Bastille with a certain fixed number of had some rooms at the Bastille furnished for such prisoners as were prisoner and the police officer inside, arriving before the Bastille, in And it cannot be said that prisoners at the Bastille appointed governor of the Bastille, had brought the prisoner with him. The story was that Saint-Mars, the governor, a knight of St. Louis, never spoke to the prisoner except standing, with bared head, fourteen months in prison, a whole year of the time, ending to-day, in Bicêtre was not a state prison like the Bastille and Vincennes, or an prisoner whom the Bastille received throughout the year 1789. 43283 heart for ten years,--words that were said by Madame to a princess, as the good king was very little educated, the Jesuits and the old Court, and the old woman was able to prevent the king from liking The Montespan, the _guenipe_, and all the waiting-women made Mme. d''Orléans believe that she did my son great honour in consenting to there is ill-will between father and son, the king will not think himself told it; and when one knows it one is not surprised that Mme. d''Orléans wanted to force her daughter to marry the Duc du Maine''s son. feel the true affection that exists between the King of Spain and Her. I hope, my dear mother, that we shall have in that direction sources [On the 30th of August, 1715, two days before the king''s death, Mme. de Maintenon went to Saint-Cyr, which was bound by its Constitution to 43609 gallant doings of men and women of those old days that the region known present day aspect of the old Pyrenean French provinces of which Béarn which planted feudal France with great fortresses, châteaux and country Mediterranean sea ports of France, and the nearest to the great French mountain valleys to the passes, are the château ruins, towers and very near being the liveliest little capital of old France existing place to-day, if a little country town of France can ever be called Pamiers, to-day a delightful little valley town, all green and red and it to-day, in spite of the existence of the old château of Henri IV''s places in the Pyrenees, there was a great feasting on the day of the Orthez is one of the really great feudal cities of the south of France. market-day at the little Hôtel de France are as good an illustration of 43831 Germaine, "Our Little French Cousin," happened to live in The news stirred the French people, but while the brave little army of language, something of the daily life of a little French girl, living "Our Little French Cousin" lives in Normandy, simply because she must But to-day even little French girls live in a progressive world, and "Be quick, my little one," said Madame Lafond, as Germaine seated their little son Jean, just one year younger than Germaine, were all "It has no spire nor towers; it looks like half of a church," said Jean. story of the little peasant girl, only sixteen years old, who lived in Presently Uncle Daboll said, "Look way down the river, children, and The two little children of the wagon-maker joined Marie and Germaine, American dollar, was a big sum to a little French boy such as Jean. 43844 THE DILIGENCE--OLD GUIENNE AND THE ENGLISH IN FRANCE--BORDEAUX AND A twisted like turbans round their heads--each man and woman with a deep "Only you wouldn''t like to drink it so well," said the Bordeaux man. at the soil, and great wains and carts drawn by oxen, looking like black "The green-looking land," he said, "Pay me," said the imp; and he passed the bird-like hand over the water, while the sand-hills appeared right and left for a moment, and street and the _Place Royale_ look, so far as the passengers go, like not," said the old man. "Look up there!" he said, pointing to a high-wooded ridge to the right; Pyrenees makes the boys and girls look exactly like odd, quaint little dead-and-gone sort of place, of which I asked an old man the name. there is anything like a generally cultivated taste for good wine in "These were the good old times," I said. 44334 of the French Empire; the Prince de Condé returns to Chantilly; he Prince de Condé; Louis-Philippe pays a visit to Chantilly; the Duke With Charlotte, wife of Prince Henri II de Condé, Chantilly passed into at his father''s death upon the Grand Condé, whilst the little Duc Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, along with his many great The Duc de Bourbon, generally known as Louis III, Prince de Condé, died LOUIS HENRI JOSEPH DE BOURBON, LAST PRINCE DE CONDÉ. LOUIS HENRI JOSEPH DE BOURBON, LAST PRINCE DE CONDÉ. that note of realism which is so characteristic of all French Art. Another remarkable portrait is that of _Louis II of Anjou_, King of Condé, second Prince de (Henri I de Bourbon), portrait of, 18; Condé, third Prince de (Henri II de Bourbon), portrait of, 12; Condé, seventh Prince de (Louis Henri, Duc de Bourbon), early succession, 91; 448 44913 shores of this river more old castles and ruins, and more curious There is near the end of the town a very beautiful old church; on happy in love and beauty, she sat by the river''s bank, Alcidor''s arm castle which stood near the banks of the Moselle, surrounded by groves. clean little town, on its right bank; and then we pass from France amidst the ruined walls of her old towers, to watch the seed-time and the great table-land thus formed flow the Rhine and Moselle; thus placed between the river and brook: it contains very good little inns, the hills as in the old days of Germany, when churches there were In the old days, upon our river''s bank, the Germans deemed Christmas Old Coblence was built along the right bank of the Moselle; and its natural beauties remain; and the old castles that at the present time 44965 sharp look-out for the captain and field-officer of the day, whether officer who, for a length of time, was better known than liked, but the day''s work (for the General was a man who gave no credit on those his usual soldier-like wits had gone a wool-gathering for the time better place, and in the course of the day it received a musket-ball and he marches before day-light in the morning without having enjoyed like prudent officers to hold our men in hand, we were, from want of army were to be seen at the same time in rapid retreat within gun-shot The rear of a battle is generally a queer place--the day is won and passive and very good-natured, her other day having long passed by. confusion any thing like what takes place on ordinary field days in officer commanding a regiment, troop, or company, who has got half a 45076 Burgundy, I was conducted to my bed-room, having first seen my fellow &c.; over the fire-place a very fine chimney-glass, and upon a large believe, indeed, that the lower orders in France are generally honest, provincial towns of France; the houses are large, old, and gloomy, There are eight large and very good paintings placed over the stalls, handsome; it is a modern building in a large square, and approached differs from all the churches I have seen here, in having convenient Below the building is the burying place of the great men of France, den, (a large open place inclosed in high walls,) for the purpose of its surrounding houses, in order to form a large square before it, in again returned to Paris upon duty, not having tasted any thing that Returning by the Boulevards, I saw, for the first time, some French Cambray is not a handsome town: the large _Place_ is irregularly 45336 "One day, after leaving the Synod of Paris," writes St. Gregory, "I had bidden King Chilperic adieu and had withdrawn conversing made of the once rich city of Paris a cinder heap; the cathedrals of St. Germain des Prés and of St. Denis alone escaped at the cost of immense St. Denis, and St. Germain, Counts of Paris and Dukes of France, they city with King Louis and Prince Philip at their head. orders, and their church, a burial-place for kings and princes. the kings of France, Louis XVI., was led forth to a bloody death. raised in the great hall, following on the line of the kings of France sixty years of age was made, and the citizen army was reviewed near St. Antoine des Champs, in the presence of the king and queen. Paris_, the king began to pull down the great tower of the Louvre, in 45479 same church which had burnt Joan of Arc as a witch in fourteen hundred task of presenting to the American people the truth about Joan of Arc. I shall speak very plainly in this lecture, but, I am sure, without The shrine of Joan in the Paris church is almost as eloquent as her this great white church it seemed to me that, even though Joan of Arc Joan of Arc lives in the church--the him of the time when Joan will have a shrine in a Catholic Church!--he not the church that tried and condemned Joan of Arc to torture and death desertion of Joan by all France--people, priest and king. church has sainted a heretic in the person of Joan of Arc. One of the That _love of truth_ opened for Joan the doors of the Catholic Church, 45743 but a voice said that it was for a Maid who should restore France. king of France: "How many times have poor human creatures come to you to Word was brought to Charles on a day that a young maid was at the gate, "Gentle Dauphin," she said, "I am called Joan the Maid. promising to return in good time; the Maid crossed the river with a The English, seeing the Maid wounded, took heart even as the French lost On the morning of June 18th Joan said, "To-day the gentle king shall Joan the Maid," says the old chronicle, "so many folks came from all money or strong in men, but because Joan the Maid said it was the will "Good Dauphin," said the Maid in her clear thrilling voice, "command said to the king, in Alençon''s hearing, "Make good use of my time! 45790 highway where in ancient days stately processions passed to and fro quaint old city, delightfully placid, and its promenade like one great The ancient town of Lauzun with a grand château and church are passed, Chester, but life has left it long ago, and we pass onward and away. day of rest we pass the ancient church and are directed by an old dame, glittering showers of light, and, though this is central France, Mt. Blanc can be seen on a clear day resting cloud-like on the horizon. Our route lay all day long through smiling valleys guarded by ancient Life is all sparkle to-day in this fair city of Tours, her people are As I stand in the old tower to-day gazing all the great church, which even at that day (1189), had neared its ancient city was great, for its heir of to-day is certainly in affluent 45791 types in French society; the demi-monde of Paris; Parisian Paris and the art of dress; Worth and the old masters; Paquin Motor mania; Parisian golf and French golfers; fashion and ghosts of Parisian youth, the old ladies of Paris who refuse to admit famous dressmakers of Paris, who are the world''s arbiters of fashion, Paris to-day has two distinct schools of great dressmakers, the new and To-day, Paquin stands at the head of the great dressmakers of Paris. the great demi-mondaine of Paris is the best dressed woman in the francs would carry Madame but a little way on her race for fashionable fashion that recalls stories of the days when the great men of old promenade, where women in Paris frocks and hats chat lightly with men American buyers goes to Paris twice a year and carries home French There are American women who go to Paris regularly three times a year 4584 46035 or the little old huddled Italian-looking town which hugs both banks of It was that little old town, which the golfer coming up from Mentone I walked back to the town and went into the church, a large eighteenth great church standing high above the roofs of the town from far away. present day, but it contains a good one, something like an old English I had talked at dinner came to Saint-Maximin several times in the year was called the ''holy miracle.'' A great crowd of pilgrims came each year I looked back, I could see the great church standing up across the this great holocaust took place two thousand years ago has lately been d''Enfer of Les Baux, and the pilgrimage church of Saintes-Maries, in I visited this church several times during the days I found myself in little too far to walk in one day, and I wanted to see Aigues-Mortes 46069 Europe," the great examples of architecture of the early days of France Flemish gables, and the beautiful lace like tower of the Town Hall the upper end by the admirable lofty towered Town Hall, was filling fast At the end of a quiet street which crossed the busy and crowded Rue St. Aubert, we came upon the remains of a remarkable old town gate, and Continuing the wandering one reached the fine old town gate, the ancient Arras and Lens, that the great and noble monuments of the ancient town The town was given back to France in 1589, and in the following year was As it is now six great cathedral towns the bells from the ruins of the Cathedral, and the old Town Hall, and the town in great pomp and splendor, remaining for some days with his great towers of the beloved old cathedral, and that the walls of the 46321 century; a charming portrait of Madame de Maintenon in her youth and friends and know this taste for retreat and country life, the man loses the beautiful garden of the bishop''s house at Meaux and the charming abounds in memories, for a great number of the kings of France, from On November 11, 1611, Saint Martin''s Day, in a house of the Faubourg The other "great man," whose memory has been preserved at Juilly is Jean Two windows have been placed in the new church; but there remains a many beautiful works of art still remain in our little churches of charged him to transmit to the King, Martin wishes Louis XVIII good the altar, which was a beautiful work of art of the eighteenth century, know the place of the "King''s Garden," a retreat where Henri IV loved to most beautiful years; the little and the great palisades are adorned 46678 Any review of the castle, chateau and palace architecture of France, and The great tower, or citadel, a part of the royal chateau where the king The chateau belongs to-day to the Vibrave family, who keep open house This fine seventeenth century chateau, with its pointed towers and its The origin of the Chateau des Ducs is blanketed in the night of time. chateau filled its purpose well as a great town house of a wealthy associated with a great chateau of the noblesse of other days. thing to a chateau which Mâcon possesses to-day. Saint-Pont and the Chateau de Lamartine are well worth half a day of The remains existing to-day, and locally called "le chateau," Savoyan city of Yvoire, with a great square mass of an old chateau, now substantial remains of the old chateau to-day--monumental even--make it The walls of the chateau which are to be remarked to-day are probably 46750 Every day I heard sad news through prisoners who read the public have just described took place, several prisoners were sent to the did not know where they were taken, nor what took place in the prisons fearful account of that terrible prison, which has been called the a great many of our prisoners had husbands at the Luxembourg I went to at the last great day when all hearts shall be opened, God will know in them were of the persons whom Monsieur and Madame de Mouchy most A great change took place in Monsieur and Madame de Mouchy. days after, the committee ordered the account of each prisoner to be impossible for me to say to Monsieur and Madame de Mouchy, ''I am going Monsieur and Madame de Mouchy, my reunion with my daughter, the open Two days after, Monsieur de Mouchy, sent me word that ''she had 47233 On our arrival at Calais a great number of French gentlemen came to to pass in France, unless coined in the present king''s reign. people near ten days to erect the seats and other great works there. civic oath for the members of the national assembly; and that the king of your decrees;--The nation, the law, and the king. the national assembly, and accepted by the king: to protect, according from Paris, and have been told that all the kings of France, excepting Number and Power of the National Assembly.--The King is only an The king is to execute the actual decrees of the National Assembly, I was informed in Paris, that the National Assembly have abolished all "The representatives of the people of France, constituted in national I was told in Paris, that the king would have lost his kingdom, if he _equal laws_ upon so great a number of people. 47537 D''Argenson and the tradition of French foreign policy, 152. René d''Argenson went his way, more loved and feared than any man in brother, Count d''Argenson, received a seat at the Council of State, to any general scheme of policy in d''Argenson''s own mind; the forms It was one of d''Argenson''s political convictions that French influence people, as in d''Argenson''s scheme, had merely the power of suggesting [Footnote 9: D''Argenson, Journal (Rathery), I. [Footnote 13: D''Argenson himself said of him: "Je compte que son [Footnote 132: Mentioned by d''Argenson in the course of the letter [Footnote 248: D''Argenson''s letter of 20th June. [Footnote 301: That this was d''Argenson''s real attitude is suggested [Footnote 313: D''Argenson became minister on November 18, 1744. One year after the treaty of peace d''Argenson [Footnote 410: In January, 1747, d''Argenson was nominated by the King [Footnote 421: Voltaire to d''Argenson, May 8, 1739 (Garnier).] 48185 On September 6th-7th, the Sixth Army attacked the German right wing. OCTOBER 1916-AUGUST 1917.--_Three French attacks drove the enemy back [Illustration: MACHINE GUN IN POSITION IN A FRONT LINE TRENCH. of mud, attacks on Boureuilles carried the French lines to 250 metres [Illustration: THE BIG GERMAN ATTACKS (MAY-JULY 1915).] a French attack could take in rear the German lines that were [Illustration: THE FRENCH ATTACKS IN THE VALLEY OF THE AIRE (OCTOBER [Illustration: WEST OF DOUAUMONT, STARTING OUT ON A COUNTER-ATTACK [Illustration: SECOND STAGE.--THE GERMAN ATTACK ON THE TWO FLANKS on the right bank the Germans brought into line units of five army In May the enemy attacked on the left bank of the Meuse with an [Illustration: CLEARING VERDUN ON THE RIGHT BANK OF THE MEUSE. On the left bank, the French line was advanced as far as the Forges [Illustration: ATTACKING WAVES CROSSING FUMIN WOOD (OCTOBER 1916).] 48470 books are in Latin and Old French, the people who speak about Joan The Voices told her to go to the nearest strong-walled French town, â��You _are_ the rightful King,â�� Joan said. â��I have not come to Poitiers to give signs.â�� said Joan; â��but let me go The English laughed, and one day, when Joan went French followed Joan, and drove the English back into their fortress. stand _there_,â�� she said, â��or that English cannon on the wall will kill |THE Maid had now driven the English away from Orleans, and had taken a Then news came to Joan that the whole English army, under Talbot and Sir â��But how are we to find the English?â�� the French leaders asked Joan: for Joan and the King, and now, when the English were out of the great city, In the meantime the English retook some of the French towns that Joan 50495 phases of Bohemian life in Paris that are shared both by the students Gérôme himself opened the door, and Bishop found himself in the great students, dressed in working blouses and old coats, formed in line, and EVER since New Year''s, when Bishop began his great composition for the Bishop''s great work was finished in the Many were the hard-up students, like Bishop, tugging hand-carts, or The crowd upon whom she looked down stood for a while spellbound, and then, with a waving of arms and flags, came a great shout, An old pedler works in and out among the _café_ tables with a little Several long-haired littérateurs--friends of Bishop''s--came up and BISHOP had been industriously at work upon a large black-and-white through the lively, crowded, bright streets on the great hill of Paris. In a low, quiet voice the girl said to Bishop, as he looked up at her 52706 that people passing stopped and looked too--bakers'' boys in white linen party of men and women from New York sitting in front of the Café de men and little boys and pretty young girls meet together and chatter little children, and later to crowds of idle men and women. did you come?" The new arrival had reached Paris only three days The man who had lived six years in Paris took the stranger by the arm Those show-places of Paris which are seen only at night, and of which Young men who have spent a couple of weeks in Paris, and who have been "The President of France," he said, "must be a man who can look well on looked like a great market-place. There are a great number of Americans who are only in Paris for the There was a young woman of this class of American visitors to Paris who American women in Paris. 52991 of morning, we saw the Place Royale filled with armed men, and with could take place to-day, our anxiety for news, both of the French the French had won the battle, and that our army was retreating in the victory, that the remains of the French army were in full retreat, and field of battle, covered with thousands of the dead, the wounded, and streets we met numbers of poor wounded British officers, weak, pale, with wounded British officers; and how many, like our old friend Major been the consequences if the French and British armies had happened to dreadful news that the battle was lost, and the French advancing! morning after the battle, the house was surrounded with the wounded and that no other army than the British could have won the battles of [Footnote 20: The road from Brussels to the field of battle was not 54323 1 L''Arbre du Quai des Orfèvres. 12 La Tour Eiffel. 13 Le Bassin des Tuileries. 16 Le Pont des Saints Pères. 17 La Tour Eiffel vue du Trocadero. 18 Le Petit Bras de la Seine au Pont Marie. 19 La Rue des Grands Augustins. 24 Le Quai des Grands Augustins. [Illustration: L''Arbre du Quai des Orfèvres.] [Illustration: L''Oranger aux Tuileries.] [Illustration: La Sainte Chapelle.] [Illustration: L''arc de Triomphe du Carrousel.] [Illustration: La Tour St. Jacques.] [Illustration: Le Pont Marie.] [Illustration: La Tour Eiffel.] [Illustration: Le Bassin des Tuileries.] [Illustration: Le Quai de Bethune] [Illustration: Le Quai d''Orsay.] [Illustration: Le Pont des Saints Pères.] [Illustration: La Tour Eiffel vue du Trocadero.] [Illustration: Le Petit Bras de la Seine au Pont Marie.] [Illustration: La Rue des Grands Augustins.] [Illustration: Le Pont Royal.] [Illustration: Le Quai d''Anjou.] [Illustration: St. Paul et St. Louis.] [Illustration: La Colonnade du Louvre] [Illustration: Le Quai des Grands Augustins.] 56211 in slow time, when each company came in line with the body, the word The officer in command that day, I remember, was General The Rifles, indeed, fought well this day, and we lost many men. experience, that in _our_ army the men like best to be officered by This time I was ready, and turning quickly, I saw my man: he was surgeons had plenty of work on hand that day, and not having time to "Come and help me with this man," he said, "or I shall be all day Both these officers were good-looking men, and, in their Rifle uniform, sight left my eyes, my brain reeled, and I came down like a dead man. time; and I well remember what a fine-looking soldier he was. these men saw us coming up they halted for the moment, and gave us one 5716 posting-house, I saw a great crowd, and the National Guard drawn up in The worthy Heymes did my father a great service a short time after the without leave the second officer took the command, and put an end to an But the time soon came for me to go to sea again, and I was ordered to brother, who commanded the rear-guard, spent his whole time having the of this society at the time of my sojourn was the British Minister, Mr. Fox, a diplomatist of the old school, past master in forms, and Mexican Lancers in their great white hats, looking like a squadron of But every good thing comes to an end, and besides, as the day wore on, general''s son, well known at that time in the gay world of Paris, gave attaches, generally young men of great families attracted by the 57185 number of the regiments of the Russian army, the completion to war Miloradovich commanded two army corps under Barclay, and General Russian generals being so obliging as to play into Napoleon''s hands. troops and the rear-guards of the retreating Russian cavalry regiments. to the General Staff, reported Russian troops on the road to Rudnia. the Russian main army he fell back towards Moscow, and Napoleon called well advanced along the old Moscow road on the left; and about 10 p.m. Bagration, by Kutuzov''s orders, withdrew to the main position. The French army was disposed in the following order from right to left. Napoleon had gained a little ground, but the Russian army was The total force of the Napoleonic army, therefore, on Russian soil or Commander of the 1st Russian Army Corps in 1812] left of the advance-guard, generally at about a day''s march distance. Napoleon, Murat and other generals which were taken by the Russians. 57786 Institute of France, and the home of the French Academy. The French view of what are euphemistically called "the facts of life" list of subjects about which the French and Anglo-Saxon races think and Americans new to France, and seeing it first in war-time, will be Why, then, one wonders, did the French people cling to France with such their way of life has enabled the French to develop. Compared with the women of France the average American woman is still women who play an intellectual and social part in the lives of men, like average French business man at the end of his life may not have made as has seen something of France and French life has had a first moment of As life is an art in France, so woman is an artist. The French are one of the most ascetic races in the world; and that is 58268 Advance of ROUSSEL''s Cavalry Brigade by the French left of Attack by a Column of French Heavy Cavalry upon the Anglo-Allied The Cavalry of the Anglo-Allied Army, commanded by Lieutenant General Lieutenant General Count PAJOL''s Corps of Light Cavalry formed the The right Column of the French Army, commanded by Count GÉRARD, having In the mean time, the main body of the French Army advanced in great Cavalry Regiments advancing against the Right Wing of the Brigade; Enemy had attacked Colonel MARWITZ'' Cavalry Brigade, on his right, and Division of his Light Cavalry Corps, under Lieutenant General Baron The Second general Line of the French Army was formed in the following body of the French Brigade having formed two Columns of Attack, which Brigades against the French Cavalry and Infantry which attacked the attack with the two Prussian Cavalry Brigades of the Third Corps, which Advanced Guard of the Prussian _Corps d''Armée_ (the Third Brigade), 59162 People.--Terror in Paris.--Character of the King 103 King.--The Guards fraternize with the People.--Indignation of the Crowd. cause.[138] At the same time the Assembly sent a deputation to the king of the king and of all the members of the National Assembly, it was circumstances, the king sent a message to the National Assembly, the National Assembly from any violence by the mob from Paris, the king alarming state of affairs, the king sent to the Assembly a partial "Madame," said La Fayette to the queen, "the king goes to Paris; what the window whence a king of France, armed against his people by an National Assembly and accepted by the king, and to remain united with the king was in Paris, in the hands of the Assembly, he would sanction king and nobles, to create the Constituent Assembly, a great national ordered by the king to join the National Assembly, 101; 59489 them; he saw wounded men left by the roadside for want of means of the right was a room large enough to hold all the men of the guard, and he could walk like a foot soldier, and said good-bye to him, little when they got to the place they only saw a man lying dead, covered with Other men who were camping near, half dead with cold by their wretched snow--the men still round the fires, the horses harnessed to the guns, We had to cross a little wood before reaching the town; here we came up I stopped to see after the men we had left near the guard at the gate; be eating dead men, as there would be no more horses left. ''You are right,'' said Picart; ''and we had better put our arms in order.'' that I saw my regiment marching to left and right of the road to join 61320 in check if possible, while the Austrian army under Melas in Italy with Moreau''s army, cross the Rhine in force between Schaffhausen this way Bonaparte could re-enforce Masséna with the Army of Reserve, twenty thousand Austrians in Germany might hold in check Moreau''s army large Austrian army in Italy, and left him free to direct his remaining Tenda, Nice, and the line of the Var. Inasmuch as the active French army directly in front of Melas numbered of the Army of Italy across the Var. On the French side, the plan of campaign that offered the best results thousand men from his army, gave the command of it to General Moncey, fighting the French so vigorously at Genoa and along the Var. On the 6th of May Bonaparte left Paris to direct the operations of the Bonaparte crossed the river, attacked and defeated the Austrians, Melas, General, commanded Austrian army in Italy, 21; 62571 to man four guns; and these, as the great battle came to its end, fell, that the Duke''s long nose on a battle-field was worth 10,000 men. Duke thereupon issued a general order, desiring that "British officers infantry, marching with the order and precision of a field-day, in officer and some men from each regiment to parade there next morning following night they left the town altogether, and we took possession fields were strewed with the bodies of men, horses, torn clothing, artillery--was expended, and no men that day saw fiercer fighting than officer, on a little black horse, who went off to the rear like a in slow time, when each company came in line with the body the word enemy from the fire of our troops; and from this place our men had the Place d''Armes by the river, I saw a French general officer 6301 councils and their subordinate public offices, France was governed to an France was in fact governed by what in modern times is called by men who had inherited or bought their places.[Footnote: Under Louis Letters." "The King of France," says Rica, "is the most powerful prince "Law in general is human reason, in so far as it governs all the nations Under each form of government, education and the laws should work like the French Parliaments.[Footnote: In a despotic government the The government of France, says Montesquieu, has not, like that of managed.[Footnote: There were great differences from place to necessary therefore to believe that in three generations a great nation laws allow; faith in the Philosopher, a man governed entirely by reason thinks, govern the lives of men united to form a true state. but in France at this time all matters of government and social life 6303 authority, _Duellum_ being a well-known Latin word for War. The historian Livy makes a Roman declare that affairs are to be WAR UNDER THE LAW OF NATIONS A DUEL. In likening war between nations to the duel, I follow not only duel are reproduced in the Laws of War established by nations to was called "the Right of War." The history of France and Germany see how completely a war between two nations is a duel,--and, yet said that the Minister "had declared war." [Footnote: Ibid.] Emperor, immediately after the War Manifesto read by the PrimeMinister, he declared that France quivered with indignation at the army of France, during the year of peace before the war, were More than any other nation Germany has suffered from war. while Slavery was waging war against our nation, the working-men that War System by which the peace of nations is placed in such 7044 Moulton desires to know you, Monsieur Auber." I said, "I hope you will not think me indiscreet, but I did want to see you and know the most-talkedabout person in Paris." In reply he said: "You have the advantage over me, Emperor and the little Prince, who said, "I told mama I knew when you Prince Metternich told me that Rossini had once said to him that he wished know that you do not like people to sing your music when they come to your night)--I said (I really hate to write it): "I hope the next time I come talked a long time with Gounod, and Auber told me that Rossini said, The Empress said to Prince Metternich, after dinner, The Emperor, as I said before, had sent to Paris for the game, and Prince Countess B---said, "You know, we don''t dress for dinner." I thought with 7054 Paris, as it was said, for a few days, in order to pass in review the army "For a long time, general," said he yon ought to know that you have proclaim at this very moment Napoleon Bonaparte Emperor of the French." Napoleon should send an army into Portugal, and that the Emperor Alexander of the French," said he, "no longer as a king, at the head of his army and orders, the Emperor Napoleon could turn his thoughts abroad. three days for Marshal Soult, but the French general''s forces were emperor wrote on the 8th March, to General Clarke, minister of war: "I In France the decided, if not expressed, wish of the Emperor Napoleon, and to his custom, the Emperor Napoleon had ordered his troops to wait for the On his return to France, after the peace of Vienna, the Emperor Napoleon, For a long time the Emperor Napoleon had required the 7558 QUOTES AND IMAGES: CAMPAN''S MARIE ANTOINETTE Advised the King not to separate Carried the idea of the prerogative of Common and blamable practice of Difference between brilliant theories his vote for death of King Extreme simplicity was the Queens first King (gave) the fatal order to the La Fayette to rescue the royal family No one is more dangerous than a man of the rank or fortune Princess at 12 years was not mistress virtue, and misfortune She often carried her economy to a Shocking to find so little a man in the Simplicity of the Queen''s toilet began The emigrant party have their intrigues The King delighted to manage the most Was but one brilliant action that she What do young women stand in need When kings become prisoners they are Whispered in his mother''s ear, "Was Young Prince suffered from the rickets Marie Antoinette by Madam Campan 7559 MEMOIRS OF THE COURT OF ST. Bonaparte and his wife go now every Bonaparte dreads more the liberty of Country where power forces the law to Easy to give places to men to whom Nature has refused parts Forced military men to kneel before Future effects dreaded from its past General who is too fond of his life Generals of Cabinets are often If Bonaparte is fond of flattery__pays Indifference about futurity Indifference of the French people to commander operate the same Justice is invoked in vain when the criminal is powerful virtues are negative Not only portable guillotines, but refused Now that she is old (as is generally One of the negative accomplices of the Pretensions or passions of upstart They ought to be just before they are generous Vices or virtues of all civilized Were my generals as great fools as some Memoirs of the Court of St. Cloud 7561 A liar ought to have a good memory Bad habit of talking very indiscreetly Because he is fat, he is thought dull Dared to say to me, so he writes constitutional King matters of religion Embonpoint of the French Princesses French people do not do things by How difficult it is to do good I dared not touch that string good Money the universal lever, and you are More dangerous to attack the habits of men than their religion My little English protegee No phrase becomes a proverb until after little expense She always says the right thing in the Sworn that she had thought of nothing The King remained as if paralysed and To despise money, is to despise When the only security of a King rests Who confound logic with their wishes Wish art to eclipse nature the following eBook and paste the phrase into your computer''s find or 7562 QUOTES AND IMAGES: MEMOIRS OF MADAME DE MONTESPAN By Madame de Montespan Always sold at a loss which must be sold at a given moment Grow like a dilapidated house; I am without love Kings only desire to be obeyed when at the troops of the King Valliere and the King Madame de Montespan had died of an Present princes and let those be means all that he can say The King replied that "too much was too The pulpit is in want of comedians; These liars in surplice, in black Trust not in kings Weeping just as if princes had not got When women rule their reign is always Wish you had the generosity to show, Women who misconduct themselves are gets everything he wants If you wish to read the entire context of any of these quotations, Memoirs of Madame de Montespan Memoirs of Madame de Montespan 7563 QUOTES AND IMAGES: MEMOIRS OF LOUIS XIV.--DUCH. MEMOIRS OF LOUIS XIV Asked the King a hundred questions, Because the Queen has only the rinsings Duplicity passes for wit, and frankness is looked upon as folly Exclaimed so long against high Great things originated from the most He had good natural wit, but was He always slept in the Queen''s bed He was a good sort of man, and broken (Queen) I wished the husband not to be informed If I should die, shall I not have lived It is an unfortunate thing for a man (to the ugly) Louis XIV. No man more ignorant of religion than the King was Old Maintenon Seeing myself look as ugly as I really Since becoming Queen she had not had a The old woman (Madame Maintenon) To die is the least event of my life You never look in a mirror when you Memoirs Louis XV. 7564 QUOTES AND IMAGES: MEMOIRS OF CARDINAL DE RETZ Always judged of actions by men, and never men by their actions Arms which are not tempered by laws good sense Blindness that make authority to Civil war as not powerful enough to Contempt--the most dangerous disease of good and better Fools yield only when they cannot help Good news should be employed in His wit was far inferior to his courage heading a party? Laws without the protection of arms Man that supposed everybody had a back One piece of bad news seldom comes Pretended to a great deal more wit than Useful man in a faction because of his Verily believed he was really the man Virtue for a man to confess a fault Who imagine the head of a party to be Yet he gave more than he promised Memoirs of Cardinal De Retz Memoirs of Cardinal De Retz 7565 Duc de Saint-Simon A good friend when a friend at all, never a King A king is made for his subjects, and Believed that to undertake and succeed Danger of inducing hypocrisy by placing He was so good that I sometimes He was scarcely taught how to read or Jesuits: all means were good that King was being wheeled in his easy My wife went to bed, and received a human way of life People who had only sores to share People with difficulty believe what Pope excommunicated those who read the Received all the Court in her bed Reproaches rarely succeed in love Said that if they were good, they were little to lose Touched, but like a man who does not We die as we have lived, and ''tis rare World; so unreasoning, and so little in If you wish to read the entire context of any of these quotations, by Saint-Simon 7566 QUOTES AND IMAGES: MARGUERITE DE VALOIS THE MEMOIRS OF MARGUERITE DE VALOIS By Maguerite de Valois, Queen of Navarre Adversity is solitary, while prosperity dwells in a crowd Comeliness of his person, which at all times pleads powerfully Envy and malice are self-deceivers Everything in the world bore a double aspect From faith to action the bridge is short Hearsay liable to be influenced by ignorance or malice Honours and success are followed by envy Hopes they (enemies) should hereafter praised me less Much is forgiven to a king our friends Parliament aided the King to expel the Prefer truth to embellishment Situated as I was betwixt fear and hope To embellish my story I have neither select a short segment and copy it into your clipboard memory--then open the following eBook and paste the phrase into your computer''s find or Memoirs of Maguerite de Valois, Queen of Navarre 7961 To this little company of Norman men and women, you will, I know, facing the sea--a new and old world of fashion in capes and other "They''re not--they only look old," replied Renard, stopping a moment to a long moment of scrutiny, his eyes following the lean, stately figure shrewd kindly old face came a light that touched it all at once with a little door opened directly on the road, and on the curé''s house. the long day''s drive in the open air, her appetite for blowing roses of three ladies of the court having to pass the night in a rude little voice Madame de Sévigné again turned, with the same charming smile and green of the high roads; for even in the old days there was a great peasant women''s faces, as the bent figures staggered beneath a young and fields, as in the old days the great city walls and the cathedral 8376 be called _Notice of the American Life of General Lafayette_, appears to time the great English army, of about eighteen thousand men, had sailed left wings having given way, the generals and several officers joined Dear General,--I hope you have received my letter from Cranberry, where American general had given a new written assurance, our troops made the I think I shall be forced, by the board of general officers, to go soon I was ordered to conduct a detachment of the great army to General General Washington informed Lafayette of the project respecting New of the American and French army, commanded by General O''Hara, and When, after having received three letters from General Washington, and officer of the American troops, ought to come from the British general In the present state of affairs, my dear general, I hope you will come MY DEAR GENERAL,--I will for this time write a very short letter to 8412 Arch Erected by Napoleon Near the Louvre, Paris time of St. Louis onward, the French kings began to live more and more that remains of the old Palace, which, till after the reign of Louis secular burial-place for the great men of France. view of the late Gothic portion of the church from the little Place on Turning east toward Old Paris, we pass, on the right of the Rue St. Honoré, the Church of St. Roch, of which Louis XIV. Our Louis was so great, that the little woes of mean people However that may be, a chapel was erected in 275 above the grave of St. Denis, on the spot now occupied by the great Basilica; and later, Ste. Geneviève was instrumental in restoring it. As yet, Paris itself had no great church, Notre-Dame having attractions of Saint Germain; for the old palace of the kings of France 8505 THE CHURCH AT GISORS, SEEN FROM THE WALLS OF THE NORMAN CASTLE THE GREAT WESTERN TOWERS OF THE CHURCH OF NOTRE DAME AT ST LO extraordinary church tower that stands in the market-place quite detached This splendid Norman building is the church of the Abbey built in as a town whose church is more crowded with elaborately carved stone-work the Place stands the beautiful town belfry built at the end of the Beyond the bridge appear some quaint red roofs with one tower-like house becomes much wider and forms a small Place, is a beautiful old building At the eastern side of the town stands St Croix, a fifteenth century church of the great church of St Germain that dominate the town where Henry II. new church with the two great western towers only carried up to half the Great stone castles were beginning to appear at all the chief places in 8546 small chapel, centuries old, under a natural wall of gneiss, but deep in where an old man soon set to work at the wood-fire and cooked me a dinner with loads of dry broom for the bakers, headed by a little old man in a water, savage rocks, emerald-green patches of meadow, little mills by the little doubt that in old times its owners, like so many other nobles whose But time flew like the boat, and I soon came in sight of a charming little At Ales--a mere group of houses round a little old church with a broad ''You appear to be having a bad time,'' said I one day to a great dark bargee look, from long usage, as if the time had come for placing it in the way of which, like so many little old towns of Southern France, is in the early 8575 Marie Louise left her at Vienna to return to Napoleon in France. Marie Louise, Archduchess of Austria, Empress of the French, Queen of took place at the marriage of the Emperor with the present Empress. The letter of the Empress of Austria to the Emperor Napoleon:-The letter of the Empress of Austria to the Emperor Napoleon:-day, before her step-daughter, the Archduchess Marie Louise, Napoleon''s Majesty the Emperor with the Archduchess Marie Louise was celebrated second to the Empress Marie Louise, the third to the Emperor of Austria. Highness Marie Louise, Archduchess of Austria, here present?" Napoleon marriage His Majesty the Emperor and King, Napoleon, here present?" She Napoleon, Emperor of the French and King of Rome, and Her Imperial and vanquished enemies; union of the Emperor and Empress--Napoleon and Marie I said one day to the Emperor Napoleon that my stay in Paris Louise''s step-mother, the Empress of Austria, wrote to Napoleon, April 8593 THE CHURCH AT GISORS, SEEN FROM THE WALLS OF THE NORMAN CASTLE On the steep hill beyond stands the ruined abbey church. THE GREAT WESTERN TOWERS OF THE CHURCH OF NOTRE DAME AT ST LO extraordinary church tower that stands in the market-place quite detached Tancarville Castle whose walls enclose an eighteenth century chateau. The great castle was built by William the Norman, and it was here that he by the great tower of the parish church as well as by the ruins of the This splendid Norman building is the church of the Abbey built in as a town whose church is more crowded with elaborately carved stone-work the Seine there stands the great and historic Chateau-Gaillard that towers castle that towers upon its hill right in the middle of the town. century a shrine to his memory had been placed outside the walls of Rouen. 8594 over the old town of Evreux as we pass along the cobbled streets. Leaving the Place Parvis by the Rue de l''Horloge you come to the great open the Place stands the beautiful town belfry built at the end of the hamlet with a quaint little church built right upon the roadway with no Beyond the bridge appear some quaint red roofs with one tower-like house becomes much wider and forms a small Place, is a beautiful old building At the eastern side of the town stands St Croix, a fifteenth century church place in such grand old towns as Lisieux in medieval days. The wide and sunny Place Thiers is dominated by the great church of St a close view of the great Tour Talbot, and then pass through a small of the great church of St Germain that dominate the town where Henry II. 8595 narrow little street is flanked by many an old house that has seen most of the early times when Mont St Michel was a bare rock; when it was not even see the rock as it may be seen to-day, although at that time it was crowned commence the building of an abbey, and the unique position of the rock soon groupings of the old houses with their time-worn stone walls, over which The great square tower with its round-headed Norman windows, is crowned height you have reached, St Lo, dominated by its great church, appears on a spend one''s whole time in the great church of the Abbaye aux Hommes, and he was building the great abbey to appease the wrath of the church. church towers seen from the canal as it goes out of the town towards the The great Norman church is so 8819 Honoratus, to rule the churches of Arles, Avignon, Lyons, Vienne, Fréjus, enters the Rhone above Arles, and formed between the chain of Les Alpines of the Durance into the Rhone, are called the great and little Craus. fourteenth century church was added, this little chapel was left standing colonial town into a little Rome was a matter of time only. At Arles, near the river, is a palace of Constantine the Great, now turned There is very little of colour in the cathedral of Arles--only nine great Arles was at one time a city of churches, but the hurricane of the As already said, Arles was formerly surrounded by water, river on one side, Arles to Salon--First sight of Les Baux--The churches of S. Trets is an odd little place, surrounded by its ancient walls and towers, town, built on a hill round a castle in ruins and a church very much 8936 Half-an-hour from Meaux by railway is the pretty little town of La in order to visit these little towns; alike scenery and people are Half-an-hour''s railway journey brings me to the quaint little town of friendly little town, long since settled in Paris, opened all hearts to eminently a Protestant town, shops are open all day long on Sundays, both house and garden, whereas, even in a little town like Montbéliard, mountains, valleys, here called "combes"--delicious little emerald and beauty of the scenery reach their culminating point at St. Hippolyte, a pretty little town with picturesque church, superbly of provincial France, which is also, like the charming little library of makes travelling in out of the way places in Franche-Comté so fruitful little town of Nans, and the source of the River Lison, a two hours'' little town few English travellers have even heard of, I had been In one of the little mountain towns, the curé 8998 _Théâtre des Arts et de la République_, or Grand French opera--Old New year''s day still celebrated in Paris on the 1st of January They shall assemble four times a year as the body of the Institute, appears, that, though the useful arts, in general, cannot at present arts, will case Paris of a great number of the pictures, statues, &c. present; but every person in Paris, who receives a stranger under his half-price is taken at any theatre in Paris; but in different parts At the present day, the number of these women in Paris is computed at down to the present time, particularly the new French Encyclopædia, The French opera having been long considered as the grand national order that, being thus placed in full view, and presented to public engravers, from the origin of the French nation to the present day, established in Paris a great number of 9479 Madame Foa''s work to American boys and girls, and in this Napoleonic As Uncle Joey Fesch drew Napoleon away, he said, "Tell them you took the "Napoleon," said the Canon Lucien, who, as head of the Bonaparte Indeed, Napoleon said when he was a man, recalling the days of his "Well, Napoleon," said his father, stopping an instant before the boy, "Ah, Napoleon, it is you!" cried Panoria, as the boy approached her. "I tell no great stories to myself, little one," Napoleon replied with "My poor boy my good child!" said the Canon Lucien, taking Napoleon in or punishment "lock-up" for the school-boy offenders, young Napoleon was boy; for to-day Napoleon''s letter still exists in the crowded English "Brains do not lie in the pocket, Napoleon, boy," he said. "Some one to see Napoleon Bonaparte," said a porter of the school, and thin.''--''No,'' replied the boy; ''it is Napoleon.''--''And who is 9480 country to Remiremont, to Plombières, to Wesserling, to Colmar, to St. Dié, whilst these places in turn make very good centres for excursions. the fragrant fir-woods leads to a curious relic of ancient time--a little of late years have appeared devoted to French travel, holiday tourists of forty years a German minister lately averred that French Alsatians provinces were ceded to France, and a few years later, in times of peace, nous_!" I can fancy how Doré would enjoy the family life of our little Rothau is a very prosperous little town, with large factories, handsome opened within the last few years, containing some fine modern French Half-way between Nîmes and Le Vigan lies the little town of Sauve, at France thoroughly French, yet within a few hours of a country strikingly him, pretending to work too, his little son of five years. education of the poor little lads is examined once a year by a school 9602 forms itself into a national assembly--The court causes the Hall of the State of the constituent assembly--Party of the high clergy and nobility-king accepts the constitution--End of the constituent assembly--Opinion of Committee of public safety; its power; its members--Republican calendar-Saint-Just denounces the committees; is interrupted by Tallien; BillaudVarennes violently attacks Robespierre; general indignation of the of best representing the general desire, the king wishes this new form committee to the hall of the general assembly, where a great crowd of decreed by the national assembly, and accepted by the king; and to remain national assembly completed the reorganization of France; the court gave threatened the new order, by authorizing the public party to demand the He assembled a council of war, in which the general opinion was in favour states-general into a national assembly, and by his plan of internal 9831 the ladies of the palace of the Empress Josephine, Madame de Rémusat, has The next day the Emperor went to Paris to hold a grand reception at the titles of Emperor, Empress, My Lord, Prince, Princess, Imperial Highness, Emperor, Empress, Princes, high dignitaries, Chamberlains, Equerries, "Long live the Emperor!" A cardinal gave holy water to Josephine; the The Emperor and Empress, once crowned, proceeded to the great throne, at the palace of the King and Queen of Italy, as Napoleon and Josephine were The next day the Emperor and Empress were at a ball given in the old Ducal After this great victory Napoleon''s soldiers said, "The Emperor beat The day Napoleon wrote to Josephine: "I have made a truce. Every day we shall have news of the Emperor and your husband; we will be The same day Napoleon wrote to Josephine: "I have just seen the Emperor 9896 English War Correspondents in Paris--Gambetta calls me "a Little Spy"-Weissenburg two days later, when a division of the French under General French reverse, he contrived to make his way to Paris on a locomotiveengine, and arrived at our flat in the Rue de Miromesnil looking as black more army corps, and he started on the work of placing Paris in a state of _Daily News_, who so long wrote his Paris letters at a little café The Government of National Defence--The Army of Paris--The Return of Victor Hugo--The German advance on Paris--The National Guard few thousand men, on the German position near La Malmaison, west of Paris, at Brie as in Paris itself, the Germans, it was said, having carried off This became the German plan, and whilst a force under General But the principal event of the day was the defeat of General Paris''s force 9975 feelings of Parisians and Americans during these war days. Shop of a German merchant in Paris, wrecked by French mobs A party of American volunteers crossing the Place de l''Opéra in Paris on Wounded French soldiers returning to Paris with trophies from the [Illustration: Shop of a German merchant in Paris, wrecked by French Since acts of war were committed by German troops two days ago, the When Baron Schoen left the German Embassy in Paris, he was treated with American Hospital in the work of caring for wounded French soldiers. days after the declaration of war a skirmish took place near the village war, were being taken around Paris, to a town in western France. kilometers from Paris), but on the French left the Germans have fought Americans still left in Paris were very busy to-day registering their nominated as American Ambassador to France, the French Foreign Office