P282.5

IGILL
COLL:
1
NGLE
CHRISTO
CCLESIAE
HARVAS
AN
:AON
RAVIN
NO:09
INS
THE GIFT OF
EDWARD WINSLOW,
OF BOSTON,
12 MAY, 1865.











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THE
NEW MONTHLY
M A GAZINE,
פאג
Universal Register.
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1819.
PART I.
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P.282.5
1865, May 12.
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PREFACE
TO THE ELEVENTH VOLUME.
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with purity of principle, the New MONTHLY MAGAZINE was
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ledging, that next to the approbation of honourable minds,
they account it a proud distinction to have experienced the
most rancorous abuse from a quarter which cannot perhaps
be more correctly described than in the language of one of our
best poets :-
He hated all good works and virtuous deeds,
And him no less, that any like did use ;
And who with gracious bread the hungry feeds
His alms for want of faith, he doth accuse;
So every good to bad he doth abuse:
And eke the verse of famous poet's wit
He does backbite, and spightful poison spues
From leprous mouth, on all that ever writ :
Such one vile ENVY was, that first in row did sit.
SPENSER.
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sine pertinacia, et refelli sine iracundiu.


PRETACE.
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hopoured.


THE
NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
No. 61.) FEBRUARY 1, 1819. VOL. XI.
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS.
OBSERVATIONS ON LORD BYRON'S JO. lic has resulted from circumstances alto-
VENILE POEMS, WITH SPECIMENS. gether distinct from those which have
THERE never was a poet who made procured for Mr. Scott the teniporary
gach rapid and successful advances in his
homage he has enjoyed. In fact the one
literary career as Lord Byron. In the
is the coinplete antithesis of the other;
short period of ten years, he has ac-
Lord Byron being all strength, conden-
quired more popularity than any author
sation, and grandeur, whilst Mr. Scott
upon record, in a similar space of time. possesses little energy, and few, if any,
* That he may be indebted to the ca-'
the ca of those recondite excellencies so pecu-
pricious dominion of Fashion for some
liar to the writings of his noble cotem-
share of the extraordinary attention porary. He is, however, remarkable
with which his productions have been for a facility of composition- a certain
honored is a point upon which it is
terseness of expression, adapted to the
scarcely worth while to contend: But,
meanest comprehensions, and an easy, if
even admitting this to be the case, we
not an elegant manner, of relating his
see no reason to think meanly of his
fable, which renders him acceptable to a
talente, because he happens to have con-
great proportion of his readers, who
ciliated the applause of the frivolous, as
like him better, inasmuch as he is sooner
well as the more sensible orders of society. understood, than many others, with
On the contrary, we conceive it to afford whom, as a Pozr, he cannot be put in
the strongest presumption, if not the
Presumption if not the competition. His descriptions, also, are
most positive proof. of the wonderful of a superior order, when they are not
versatility of his genius; since, with the ruined by excessive amplification. Poetry.
power of securing to himself the admi- to be really good, should leave some. '
ration of all classes of readers, he must thing to the imagination; for, like a
Deeds possess qualifications of no ordi- well dressed woman, it is always more
Art description: and though it is a admirable when its beauties are only
potorious fact, that writers of very partially revealed. But Mr. Scott, if he
trifling merit do, occasionally, “ through lights upon an ingenious thought, will
the idle buzz of the beau monde, the venal not let it go,till it has lost the greater part
puff, and the soothing flattery of favor
of its effect by being dilated through
or friendship,” rise to a reputation as
half a dozen quarto pages. He seems
sudden as undeserved, yet, we must not
fearful of ever meeting with another,
therefore infer, that every writer who and determined not to quit that which
IDAY chance to attract the immediate floats in his pericranium, so long as a
notice of those would be thought wise
line more can be spun froin it. In the
in common with those who are so-is picturesque part of his art, he is minute
alike ephemeral and insignificant. We even to trifling, and may be said scarcely
are not to suppose, that, because “the to leave a blade of grass unnoticed :
vild slogans of border feuds," with which whilst the living objects of his drama
Mr. Scott has administered to the ro-
are, not unfrequently, sketched in a
mancing appetito of the public for so coarse and imperfect manner; and seem
many years, have fallen into disrepute;
to interest their beholders more by their
the manly, dignified, and nervous poetry
bodily exertions than any feelings or
of Lord Byron will also fall into ob passions with which they may be sup-
livion; or that the sterling currency of posed to be inspired. The truth is, that
the one will cease to be admitted,' be- Mr. Scott knows nothing of the anatomy
cause the counterfeits of the other have of the soul; and, therefore, whatever
undergone their ordeal, and been de-
d been de. may be his powers for engaging the
tected. It will perhaps be argued, that
curiosity of his readers, he seldom makes
the popularity of these two poets has any very deep impression on their hearts.
arisen from similar causes, and that, conse. Yet, with all these deficiencies, he has
quently, they are both decreed to fall by been honored with a more than common
the flat which lifted them to light. This share of the public approbation. His
we depy. The estimation in which style is, as we have before hinted, suf-
Lord Böron's poetry is held by the pub- ficiently clear and obvious to suit the
New MONTHLY Mag.-No.61.
VOL. XI.


2
Observations on Lord Byron's Juvenile Poems, with Specimens. (Feb. I,
most common capacity; and his Poems and children of the sun;" and whilst
have generally enough of incident to their aberrations are those of an ex-
render them entertaining; to this-, panded and lofty intellcct, their better
combined with the inordinate puffing of qualities gain such a hold upon our
the Edinburgh Reviewers--can we alone attention, that we almost forget to re-
ascribe the unmerited success which he gard the darker shades of their charac-
has met with. We will now turn to ters with that abhorrence, with which,
Lord Byron; and endeavour to shew perhaps, they ought, sometimes, to be
from what his popularity has arisen, and contemplated. But this is the fault, not
why it is likely to be durable. The cha- of the Poet but of his genius. He
racter of his poetry has been so fre- sought to fix upon some theme that
quently laid before the public, that a would afford ample scope for the display
repetition of it here could not but be of his powers, and he has succeeded to
considered as superfluous; we shall, there- a miracle; for it may be afirmed, with
fore, only offer such general observations truth, that there are no heroes, in the
as we consider necessary to illustrate our whole compass of poetry, so exclusively
meaning, in the comparison we have attractive as his. To tread with
thought proper to institute.
safety such slippery ground affords
Lord Byron is the reverse of Mr. the strongest evidence of the surprising
Scott in all his excellencies and defects. extent of his powers; and that he who
In the first place, he is, without doubt, appeared to write only for posterity
the most original poet of the day; and should acquire the iminediate and tu-
the most condensed and forcible writer multuous approbation of the world, is
of any age. He does not, like the a fact as honorable to himself as confir-
Border Minstrel, wire-draw his beauties, matory of his excellence; more parti-
because there is no necessity for it; he cularly when we recollect the despicable
has abundance of them at his disposal, attacks which certain critical drudges of
and can, consequently, well afford to be the press - from mere enry of his talents
profuso. His conceptions present them- -have, at various times, made upon his
selves before us, warm from the mint fame. Notwithstanding the revilings of
of his imagination, and if one or two Scotch Reviewers--the atrocious calum-
chance sometimes to be stamped awry, nies of English Newspapers-and the
we should take into consideration the low whispers of the as paltry few,"
number of the impression, and the ex- he still continues to enjoy undiminished
pedition with which they have been reputation as an author.
produced; and not quarrel with him for It is singular enough, that the Critics,
not stopping to re-mould such as happen by whom Mr. Scott has been so deified,
to be misshaped. That the Bard of la were the very individuals who strove to
rold is occasionally less perspicuous than blast with their pestilential breath Lord
he might be, we are free to allow : pos- Byron's first fruits of promise; and it
sessed of the most exquisite perceptive is perhaps partly from this circumstance,
faculties himself, he judges of other peo- that we have been induced to make
ple's discernment by his own; and seems mention of Mr. Scott at all.
to consider a gem not the less valuable In the year 1808, Lord Byron pub-
for its want of polish: but he should also lished a Volume of Juvenile Pocms, of
remember, that it is only a lapidary who the merits of which the subjoined ex-
can estimate the value of the unwrought tracts will bear sufficient testimony.
diamond. There are, however, many That they contain errors will readily be
excuses to be offered for the sort of supposed. The productions of a youth,
negligence to which we allude. Lord from the age of fourteen to eighteen,
Byron's attention appears to be princi- could rot be expected to exhibit an equal
pally engaged in producing great effects; portion of talent with those of his more
and provided he accomplish the end he mature years. That they presented the .
has in view, he seems to care little or most positive indications of what might
nothing about the minor embellishinents be expected from him is a point we have
of art. His dramatis personæ are few, only once seen disputed; and then, by a
and those of the very first consequence; tribunal of whose critical acumen we
and they excite our sympathies, not by had never a very exalted opinion :-we
the singularity of their situations, but mean the Edinburgh Review. The
by the intensity of their feelings and feelings and genius of the author were
passions. They have none of the namby trifles these greybeards never thought
pamby negative good qualities of Mr. it worth their while to attend to. It
Scott's “ gentle Knights." They are, on was enough for them that he was a Lord,
the other hand, “souls made of fire, and the very slight impulse they had to


1919.) Observations on Lord Byron's Juvenile Poems, with Specimens.
3
be just ceded to their still stronger in- fortune, we believe, to be among the
clination to be witty. A young noble- first who proclaimed the rising of this
man had had the impertinence to appear new luminary, (Lord B.) on the poetical
in print; a crime for which he was to be horizon." That the writer of this pa-
chastised rather in proportion to his ragraph committed to paper a wilful and
rank than his demerits. The result, it deliberate falsehood, the following ex-
is well known, was that truly animated tracts from the same person's Re-
Satire, “ The English Bards and Scotch view of the Hours of Idleness, ** will
Reviewers;" after the publication of completely establish; and, we trust,
which, notwithstanding the keenness of procure for the Journal, in which
his northern opponents, the tables were it was inserted, as much contempt as it
turned, and the laugh was completely deserves. In allusion to the noble Poet's
against them. Having waited a reason. having pleaded extreme youth as his
able time for the chivalrous cartels which apology, we have this observation: “ So
were naturally to be expected from the far from hearing with any degree of
pseudo Bards and Critics whom he had surprise, that these very poor perses
is bedevilled with his ungodly ribaldry," were written by a youth from his leaving
Lord Byron left the country; and during school to his leaving college, inclusive,
a tour through Greece and part of Spain, we really believe this to be the most
composed his two first Cantos of Childe common of all occurrences; that it hap-
Harold. Though the Hero of this Poem pens in the life of pine men in ten who
is, as his Lordship himself acknowledges, are educated in England; and that the
“ rather a repulsive personage,” yet, tenth man writes better cerse than Lord
such a character was needful to express Byron." And, a little further om, we
certain opinions and observations, which, are informed that it is only in considera-
from the mouth of a “ Childe," of a less tion of his rank, that the Edinburgh
impassioned temperament, would neither Reviewers are induced to give his Lord-
have been reasonable nor natural. Lord ship's Poems a place in their Review.
Byron wished to make the world ac- “BESIDE OUR DESIRE TO COUNSEL HIM
quainted with the sensations with which THAT HE DO PORTHWITH ABANDON
a man, satiated and disgusted with the POETRY, AND TURN HIS TALENTS
palling pleasures of fashionable life, be- AND OPPORTUNITIES TO BETTER AC-
holds Nature in all her varied scenes; COUNT." The worst passage in the
and to achieve such an intention with volume, as will be seen by such parts of
any degree of success, it was necessary it as we have adduced, is then given.
that he should choose a vehicle by which We shall quote it with the remark by
he might exhibit such feelings : it was which it is accompanied, that our readers
also requisite that he should infuse a may judge for themselves.
degree of loftiness into such a character, “ Shades of heroes, farewell! your descend-
or how should we have believed it ca-
ant, departing
pable of the emotions, and sensibilities, From the seat of his ancestors, bids you
with which, throughout the whole tissue adieu !
of the composition, it appears to be in- Abroad, or at home, your remembrance im-
spired. However, since Lord Byron had parting
taken up his poetical cudgeis, expressing New courage, he'll think upon glory and
disapprobation of his productions with you.
out substantial grounds became no joke; Though a tear dim his eye, at this sad sepa-
and those who had previously turned ration,
over their past pages of criticism, in 'Tis nature, not fear, that excites his re-
search of terms superlatively abusive
gret:
and ridiculous, were the first to retract,
Far distant he goes with the same emula-
and besmear him with praise which he
The fame of his fathers he ne'er can
declared to be infinitely more disgusting
forget.
than their censure. They might be said
Tbat fame, and that memory, still will he
to have observed somewhat in the style
cherish,
of Sir Andrew Aguecheek, “ An we
He vows that he ne'er will disgrace your
had known he so cunning of fence" we
renown;
« had seen him damned ere we had Like you will he live, or like you will he
fought him."
perish;
The following paragraph, from No. When decay'd, may he mingle his dust
51 of the Edinburgh Review, will
pretty clearly evince how far the ve-
racity of that jumble of democracy is * The title to the first edition of Lord
to be relied on. “We had the good Byron's Juvenile Poems.
tion;
WO.


4
Observations on Lord Byron's Juvenile Poems, with Specimens. (Feb. 1,
.." Now we positively do assert, that If thou wert mine, had all been hush'd;
there is nothing better than these stanzas This cheek, now pale from early riot,
in the whole compass of the noble mi- With Passion's hectic ne'er had flush'd,
nor's volume." After this, we believe, But bloom'd in calm domestic quiet.
the tone of criticism which pervades Yes, once the rural scene was sweet,
the Edinburgh Review will be obvious For Nature seem'd to smile before thee;
enough. We shall not trouble our. And once my breast abhorr'd deceit,
selves to refute the malignant falsehoods For then it beat but to adore thee.
of its supporters, as they now find it But, now, I seek for other joys-
convenient to deny, in the most positive To think,would drive my soul to madness-
terms, ever having reviled Lord Byron: In thoughtless throngs, and empty noise,
and believe that they “ were among the I conquer half my bosom's sadness.
first to proclaim his rising on the horizon." Yet, even in these, a thought will steal,
We need not offer any apologies for In spite of every vain ende
our;
having been so liberal in our quotations
tione And fiends might pily what I feel,
from the “ Jurenile Puems" of the
To know that thou art lost for ever.
wondrous “ Childe;" especially, since
THE TEAR.
those of our readers who have not yet
O lachrymarum fons, tenero sacros
seen them, may never be likely to gratify Ducentium ortus ex animo ; quater
their curiosity, in consequence of the Felix! in imo qui scatentem
extreme scarcity of the book, and the Pectore te, pia Nympha, seasit. GRAY.
determination of its author never to
suffer it to be reprinted. We have, to
When Friendship or Love
the best of our ability, endeavoured to
Our sympathies move;
When Truth, in a glance, should appear
select such of the verses as we considered
The lips may beguile
most entitled to public attention. As to
With a dimple or smile,
the one to which we have given the But the test of affection's a Tear.
first place in these extracts, we will
Too oft is a smile
· hazard the assertion that it is equal to
any of the later productions of Lord
But the hypocrite's wile,
To mask detestation, or fear;
Byron's all potent, and prolific pen.
Give me the soft sigh,
To
Whilst the soul-telling eye
On! had my fate been join'd with thine,
Is dimm'd, for a time, with a Tear.
As once this pledge appear'd a token;
Mild Charity's glow,
These follies had bot, then, been mine,
To us mortals below,
For, then, my peace had not been broken. Shews the soul from barbarity clear;
To thee, these early faults I owe,
Compassion will melt,
Where this virtue is felt,
To thee the wise and old reproving :- And its dow is diffus d in a Tear.
They know my sins, but do not know
'Twas thine to break the bonds of loving.
The man, doom'd to sail
With the blast of the gale,
For, once, my soul like thine was pure,
Through billows Atlantic to steer;
And all its rising fires could smother;
As he bends o'er the wave,
But, now, thy vows no more endure,
Which may soon be his grave,
Bestow'd by thee upon another.
The green sparkles bright with a Tear.
Perhaps, his peace I could destroy,
The Soldier braves death
And spoil the blisses that await him ;
For a fanciful wreath,
..Yet, let my rival smile in joy,
In Glory's romantic career;
For thy dear sake, I cannot hate him.
But he raises the foe,
Ah! since thy angel form is gone,
When in battle laid low,
My heart no more can rest with any;
And bathes ev'ry wound with a Tear.
But what it sought in thee alone,
If, with high-bounding pride,
Attempts, alas! to find in many.
He return to his bride,
Renouncing the gore-crimson'd spear;
Then, fare thee well, deceitful Maid,
All his toils are repaid,
"Twere vain and fruitless to regret thee;
When, embracing the maid,
Nor Hope, nor Memory yield their aid, From her eye-lid he kisses the Tear.
But pride may teach me to forget thee.
Sweet scene of my youth,
Yet all this giddy waste of years,
Seat of Friendship and Truth,
This tiresome round of palling plea. Where love chas'd each fast-feeting year;
sures;
Loth to leave thee, I mourn'd,
These varied loves---- these matron's fears- For a last look I turn'd,
These thoughtless strains to Passion's But ihy spire wus scarce seen through a
measures;
Tcar!


3819.) Observations on Lord Byron's Juvenile Poems, with Specimens. 5
my lot,
Though my vows I can pour,
I arose with the dawn, with my dog as my
To my Mary no more,
guide,
My Mary, to Love once so dear;
From mountain to mountain I bounded
In the shade of her bow'r,
along;
I remember the hour,
I breasted the billows of Dee's rushing tide,
She rewarded those vows with a Tear. And heard, at a distance, the Highlander's
song :
By another possest,
At eve,on my heath-covered couch of repose,
May she live ever blest,
No dreams, save of Mary, were spread to
Her name still my heart must revere;
my view,
With a sigh I resign,
And warm to the skies my devotions arosc,
What I once thought was mine,
For the first of my prayʻrs was a blessing
And forgive her deceit with a Tear.
on you!
Ye friends of my heart,
I left my bleak home, and my visions are
Ere from you I depart,
gone,
This hope to my breast is most near;
The mountains are vanished, my youth is
If again we shall meet,
no more;
In this rural retreat,
As the last of my race, I must wither alone,
May we meet, as we part, with a Tear. And delight but in days I have witnessed
When my soul wings her flight
before :
Ah! splendour has raised, but embittered
To the regions of night,
And my corse shall recline on its bier ;
As ye pass by the tomb,
More dear were the scenes which my in-
Where my ashes consume,
fancy knew ;
Oh ! moisten their dust with a Tear.
Tho' hopes may have failed—yet they are
not forgot-
May no marble bestow
Tho' cold is my heart-still it lingers
The splendour of woe,
with you.
Which the children of vanity rear;
When I see some dark hill point its crest to
No fiction of fame
the sky,
Shall emblazon my name,
I think of the rocks that o'ershadow Cob-
All I ask-all I wish-is a Tear!
leen ;*
When I see the soft blue of a soul-telling eye
SONG
I think of those eyes that endeared the
When I roved, a young Highlander, o'er When, haply, some light-waving locks I
rude scene;
the dark heath,
behold,
And climb'd thy steep summit, oh Morven
That faintly resemble my Mary's in hue,
of Snow ;*
To gaze on the torrent, that thunder'd be-
I think on the long fowing ringlets of gold-
Each tress that was sacred to beauty and
neath,
Or the mist of the tempest that gather’d
you.
below;
Yet the day may arrive when the mountains,
Untutord by science-a stranger to fear-
once more,
And rude as the rocks where my infancy Shall rise to my sight, in their mantles of
grew,
snow;
No feeling, save one, to my bosom was dear, But while these soar above me, unchanged
Need I say, my sweet Mary, 'twas centred as before,
in you ?
Will Mary be there to receive me? Ah, no!
Adieu! then, ye hills, where my childhood
Yet it could not be love, for I knew not the
was bred,
name;
Thou sweet flowing Dee to thy waters
What passion can dwell in the heart of a
adieu !
child ?
No home in the forest shall shelter my head;
But still I perceive an emotion the same Ah! Mary, what home could be mine,
As I felt, when a boy, on the crag-cover'd but with you.
wild :
One image, alone, on my bosom imprest
EPITAPH ON A FRIEND.
I lov'd by bleak regions, nor panted for
new-
Oh, Friend! for ever lov’d, for ever dear!
And few were my wants, for my wishes were
What fruitless tears have bath'd thine ho-
blest,
nourd bier !
And pure were my thoughts, for my soul What sighs re-echo'd to thy parting breath
was with you.
While thou wast struggling in the pangs of
death!
• Morven is a lofty mountain in Aber- Cobleen is a mountain near the verge
deenshire: “ Gormal of snow” is an ex- of the Highlands, not far from the ruins of
pression froquently to be found in Ossian. Doe Castle.


O
Observations on Lord Byron's Juvenile Poems, with Specimens. (Feb. I,
Could tears retard the tyrant in his course;
TO M.
Could sighs avert his dart's relentless force; Oh ! did those eyes, instead of fire,
Could youth and virtue claim a short delay, With bright, but mild affection shine;
Or beauty charm the spectre from his prey; Tho' they might kindle less desire,
Thou still hadst lived, to bless my aching Love, more than mortal, would be thine.
sight,
For thou art formed so heavenly fair-
Thy comrade's honour, and thy friend's de-
Howe'er those orbs may wildly beam-
light.
If, yet, thy gentle spirit hover nigh
We must admire, but still despair-
The spot, where now thy mould'ring ashes
That fatal glance forbids esteem.
lie,
When nature stamped thy beauteous birth,
Here wilt thou read, recorded on my heart, So much perfection in thee shone,
A grief too deep to trust the sculptor's art. She feared, that, too divine for earth,
No marble marks thy couch of lowly sleep, The skies might claim thee for their own ;
But living statues, there are seen to weep;
Therefore, to guard her dearest work-
Affliction's semblance bends not o'er thy Lest angels might dispute the prize;-
tomb,
She bade a secret lightning lurk
Affliction's self deplores thy youthful doom.
Within those once celestial eyes.
What though thy sire lament his failing line,
A father's sorrows cannot equal mine!
These might the boldest sylph appal,
Though none, like thee, his dying hour
When gleaming with meridian blaze;
shall cheer,
Thy beauty must enrapture all,
Yet, other offspring soothe his anguish here:
But who can dare thine ardent gaze?
But, who with me shall hold thy former "Tis said that Berenice's hair,
place?
In stars, adorns the vault of heaven;
Thine image, what new friendship can efface? But they would ne'er permit thee there,
Ah! none ! a father's tears will cease to flow, Thou wouldst so far outshine the seven.
Time will assuage an infant brother's woe; For did those eyes as planets roll,
To all, save one, is consolation known,
Thy sister lights would scarce appear ;
While solitary Friondship sighs alone.
E'en suns which systems now control,
1803. Would twinkle dimly through their sphere.
1806.
TO MARY ON RECEIVING HER
TO .....
PICTURE.
Oh! yes I will own we were dear to each
This faint resemblance of thy charms,
other,
Though strong as mortal art could give, The friendships of childhood, tho' fleet-
My constant heart of fear disarms,
ing, are true;
Revives my hopes, and bids me live.
The love which you felt, was the love of a
Here, I can trace the locks of gold,
brother,
Which round thy snowy forehead wave; Nor less the affection I cherish'd for you.
The cheeks, which sprung from Beauty's But friendship can vary her gentle dominion.
mould,
The attachment of years in a moment
The lips, which made me Beauty's slave.
expires ;
Here, I can trace---ah, no! that eye,
Like Love, too, she moves on a swift-waving
Whose azure floats in liquid fire,
pinion,
Must all the painter's art defy,
But glows not, like Love, with unquench-
And bid him from the task retire.
able fires.
Here, I behold its beauteous hue,
Full oft have we wander'd thro’ Ida together,
But where's the beam so sweetly straying;
elly'straving: And blest were the scenes of our youth I
A
Which gave a lustre to its blue,
allow;
Like Luna o'er the ocean playing?
In the spring of our life, how serene is the
weather,
Sweet copy! far more dear to me-
But winter's rude tempests are gathering
Lifeless, unfeeling as thou art-
Than all the living forms could be,
Save her, who plac'd thee next my heart. No more with Affection shall Memory blend-
She plac'dit, sad, with needless fear,
The wonted delights of our childhood
Lest time might shake my wavering soul,
retrace ;
Unconscious that her image there,
When Pride steels the bosom, the heart is
Held every sense in fast controul.
unbending,
Thro' hours, thro' years, thro' time, 'twill And what would be justice appears a dis-
cheer;
grace.
My hope, in gloomy moments, raise;
However dear S***, for I still must esteem
In Life's last conflict, 'twill appear,
you-
And meet my fond expiring gaze.
The few whom I love I can never upbraid
dow.
ing,


1819.) Observations on Lord Byron's Juvenile Poems, with Specimens. 7
star;
The chance which has lost, may in fotore Away, ye gay landscapes, ye gardens of
redeem you,
roses !
Repentance will cancel the vow you have in you let the minions of luxury rove;
made.
Restore me the rocks where the snow flake
No, I will not complain and tho' chill'd is reposes,
affection,
Tho'still, they are sacred to freedom and
With me no corroding resentment shall
recentment shall
love :
live;
Yet, Caledonia, beloved are thy mountains,
My bosom is calmed by the si.nple reflection,
eflection Round their white summits tho' elements
That both may be wrong, and that both
war,
should forgive.
Tho' cataracts foam, 'stead of smooth flow-
ing fountains,
You knew that my soul, that my heart, my sigh for the valley of dark Loch na Garr.
existence,
If danger demanded, were wholly your
.. Ah! there my young footsteps in infancy
wandered,
own:
You knew me, unaltered by years or by
My cap was the bonnet, my cloak was the
plaid;
distance,
Devoted to Love and to Friendship alone.
On chieftains, long perished, my memory
pondered,
You knew_but away with the vain retro As daily I strode thro' the pine-covered
spection,
glade:
The bond of affection no longer endures; I sought not my home till the day's dying
Too late you may droop o'er the fond recol glory
lection,
Gave place to the rays of the bright polar
And sigh for the friend who was formerly
yours.
For Fancy was cheered by traditional story,
For the present we part-I will hope not Disclosed by the natives of dark Loch na
for ever,
Garr.
For time and regret will restore yon at last; Shades of the dead ! have I not heard your
To forget our dissension we both should
voices
endeavour,
Rise on the night rolling breath of the
I ask po atonement but days like the past. gale?
Surely, the soul of the hero rejoices,
DAMÆTAS.
And rides on the wind o'er his own High-
In law an infant, and in years a boy-
land vale :
In mind a slave to every vicious joy ;
Round Loch na Garr, while the stormy mist
From every sens
virtue
gathers,
Winter presides in his cold icy car;
wean'd,
In lies an adept-in deceit a fiend;
Clouds, there, encircle the forms of my
fathers,
Versed in hypocrisy, while yet a child,
Fickle as wind, of inclinations wild;
They dwell in the tempests of dark Loch
Woman his dupe his heedless friend a tool,
na Garr.
Old in the world, tho' scarcely broke from II starred, tho' brave, did no vision's fora
school;
boding,
Damätas ran through all the maze of sin, Tell you that fate had forsaken your
And found the goal when others just begin :
cause?
E'en still conflicting passions shake his soul, Ah! were you destined to die at Culloden,
And bid him drain the dregs of pleasure's Victory crowned not your fall with ap-
bowl;
plause,
But palled with vice he breaks his former Sull, were you happy, in death's earthy
chain,
slumber,
And what was once his bliss appears his Yon rest with your clan, in caves of Brae-
bane.
mar,
The Pibrock resounds, to the piper's loud
LACHIN Y. GAIR *
number,
LACHIN Y. Gair, or as it is pronounced
ad Your deeds, on the echoes of dark Loch
na Garr.
in the Erse, LOCH NA GARR, towers proudly
erainent in the Northern Highlands, near
# I allude here to my maternal ances-
Invercauld. Its appearance is of a dusky
tors, “ the Gordons,” many of whom fought
hue, but the summit is the seat of eternal
for the unfortunate Prince Charles, better
snows; near LACHIN Y. Gair, I spent some
known as the Pretender. This branch was
of the early part of my life, the recollection
nearly allied in blood, as well as attachment
of which gave birth to the following stanzas :
to the Stuarts. George, the second Earl of
Huntly, married the Princess Annabella
We give the poem less for its intrinsic Stuart, danghter of James the Ist of Scot-
merit, than as it affords some information land; by her he left four sons; the third, Sir
of the early habits of its Author.-Ed. William Gordon, I have the honor to claims
as one of my progenitors.


8 Observations on Lord Byron's Juvenile Poems, with Specimens. (Feb. 1,
Years have rolled on, Loch na Garr, since At length in spells no longer bound,
I left you,
I break the fetters of my youth,
Years must elapse, ere I tread you again; No more I tread thy mystic round,
Nature of verdure and flowers has bereft you, but leave thy realms for those of Truth.
Yet stilll are you dearer than Albion's
s And yet, 'tis hard to quit the dreams
plain :
England! thy beauties are tame and do-
Which haunt the upsuspicious soul,
Where every nymph a goddess seems,
mestic
To one who has roved on the mountains
Whose eyes thro' rays immortal roll;
While Fancy holds her boundless reign,
afar;
And all assume a varied hue,
Oh! for the crags that are wild and majestic,
When virgins seem no longer vain,
The steep frowning glories of dark Loch
na Garr!
And even woman's smiles are true.
And must we own thee but a name,
GRANTA.
And from thy hall of clouds descend?
Happy the youth, in Euclid's axioms tried, Nor find a Sylph in every dame,
Tho' little versed in any art beside;
A Pylades in every friend?
Who, scarcely skilled an English line to pen, But leave, at once, thy realms of air,
Scans attic metres, with a critic's ken.
To mingling bands of fairy elves;
What, tho' he know not how his fathers bled, Confess that woman's false as fair-
When civil discord piled the fields with dead; And friends have feeling for themselves !
When Edward bade his conquering bands With shame, I own, I've felt thy sway,
advance;
Repentant now thy reign is o'er,
Or Henry trampled on the crest of France; No more thy precepts I obey,
Though marv’lling at the name of Magna No more on fancied pinions soar:
Charta,
Fond fool! to love a sparkling eye,
Yet well he recollects the laws of Sparta; And think that eye to truth was dear,
Can tell what edicts sage Lycurgus made, To trust a passing wanton's sigh,
While Blackstone's on the shelf neglected And melt beneath a wanton's tear.
laid;
Romance ! disgusted with deceit,
Of Grecian dramas counts the deathless
Far from thy motley coart I fiy,
fame,
Where Affectation holds her seat,
Of Avon's Bard rememb'ring scarce the
And sickly Sensibility;
name.
Whose silly tears can never flow,
Such is the youth, whose scientific pate,
For any pangs excepting thine;
Class, honors, medals, fellowships await,
Who turns aside from real woe,
Or een perchance, the declamation prize,
If to such glorious height he lifts his eyes.
To steep in dew thy gaudy shrine.
But, lo! no common orator can hope
Now join with sable sympathy,
The envied silver cup within his scope; With cypress crowned_arrayed in weeds,
Not that our heads much eloquence require, Who heaves with thee her simple sigh.
The Athenian's glowing style, or Tully's fire. Whose breast for every bosom bleeds :
A manner clear or warm is useless, since, And call thy sylvan female choir
We do not try by speaking to convince;
To mourn a swain for ever gone;
Be other orators of pleasing proud,
Who once could glow with equal fire
We speak to please ourselves, not move the But bends not now before thy throne.
crowd:
Ye genial nymphs! whose ready tears,
Our gravity prefers the muttering tone
On all occasions, swiftly flow;
A proper mixture of the squeak and groan-
Whose boroms heave with fancied fears,
No borrowed grace of action must he seen,
With fancied flames and phrenzy glow;
The slightest motion would offend the Dean:
Say, will you mourn my absent name,
Whilst every staring graduate would prate,
A postate from your gentle train?
Against what he could never imitate.
An infant Bard, at least, may claim
The man who hopes to obtain the promised From you a sympathetic strain.
cup,
Adieu ! fond race, a long adieu!
Must in one posture stand, and ne'er look up;
The hour of fate is hovering nigh,
Nor stop, but rattle over every word,
No matter what, so he can not be heard :
Thus let him hurry on, nor think to rest, • It is hardly necessary to add, that Py-
Who speaks the fastest's sure to be the best : lades was the companion of Orestes, and a
Who uiters most within the shortest space, partner in one of the friendships, which,
May safely hope to win the wordy race.
with those of Achilles, Patroclus, Nisus and
Euryalus, Damon and Pythias, have been
TO ROMANCE.
handed down to posterity, as remarkable in-
Parent of golden dreams, Romance!
stances of attachments, which, in all proba
Auspicious Queen of childish joys, bility, never existed, beyond the imagination
Who lead'st along, in airy dance,
of the poet, the page of the historian, or
Thy votive train of girls and boys; modern novelist.
aun
.


1819.)
Culloden Anecdotes.
X.
E'en now the gulph appears in view
cond would have been extended, if the
Where unlamented you must lie;
magnanimity that redeemed his faults
Oblivion's blackening lake is seen,
had been more timely represented. The
Convuls'd by gales you cannot weather,
lad, not sixteen years old, had ranged
Where you, and eke your gentle Queen
Alas! must perish altogether.
Strathspay, Badenoch, and part of Athol,
in search of John Roy; and never, even
by inadvertence, endangered the gen-
CULLODEN ANECDOTES.
tlemen who were compelled to intrust
MR. EDITOR.
their lives to his filelity. These were,
THE writer delayed seading a conti- a Laird of the name of Drummond,
nuation of the Culloden anecdotes, un- alias M.Gregor, and James M Gregor,
certain whether her partiality for the son to the now celebrated Rob Roy.
narrators had not overrated their in- They were both wounded. Mr. Drum-
terest. She has, however, just had the mond could proceed hy short journies to
pleasure of seeing the first part in the New some place of refuge; but James
Monthly Magazine. The sequel is more M'Gregor had his foot lacerated in a
copious, and in some instances more manner which disabled him from walk-
romantic; but the authenticity cannot ing, and if he attempted to ride, his
be questioned, as the two gentlemen, ignorance of the bye ways required a
and the lady from whom they were very trusty attendant. Both the suf-
received, were persons of unquestionable ferers were desirous that John Roy
veracity.
should testify to Mrs. Gordon that they
Miss M. daughter to Mr. Gordon, was were what they represented themselves
a very young girl when she so narrowly true sons of Alpin. Mr. Gordon's pro-
escaped accidental death from the hand genitors were M Gregors, and his warın
of John Roy Stewart. The presence heart retained a strong attachment to
of mind, self command and fortitude, his proscribed clan. Mrs. Gordon was
she displayed in the severest trials of distressed. Every corner of her house,
suspense and sorrow, as the mother of and the out-houses, where a wounded
three gallant officers, who fell in the man could be concealed, were full-but
service of their country, became first humanity and clanslip enforced the re-
apparent in refraining from an excla quest conveyed by John Roy. She laid
mation or word that might betray the before him her perplexities, repeating a
fugitive. She observed to her cousin, sentiment of her husband, which never
that some of the maids wanted to frighten should be forgotten.
them; but they should be locked up, un “ Justice has ample atonement in the
til she sent her mother to reprimand prisoners which have been taken," said.
them. Having taken away the candle she, “ and if many more were to be
they had recently extinguished, and sentenced, compassion wouid probably
asked her cousin to light it in the par- excite disaffection. I repeat to you, Mr.
lour. She informed her mother that Grey, these words of my good and wise
Mr. Grer was in his own room; but she partner, to convince you, that even for
did not give the slightest hint of her the sake of the side we have taken in
late jeopardy. Mrs. Gordon, who had these sad disturbances, I would go every
been but a very short time in berl, length to preserve those gerilemen."
instantly arose, convinced that no trivial John Roy asked if any of her guests
cause brought Jolin Roy to his first were able to travel a few miles from their
asylum. Sue knew he had a spirit retreat at Alvey ?
abore coming to bemoan himself, or to Mrs. Gordon replied, not one was fit
shun hard-hip, which his own vigilance to go a mile, except bis friend Mr.
and exertions would by any means effec- Milton, and she could not, would
tually combat. She learnt from him, not, desire bim, or any other, to
that in the Braes of Strathdearn, he leave her house. John Ruy assured her
was intercepted by a youth, who was a he should manage to take him away,
soldier in his own regiment, and knew without impeaching her hospitality.
hin personally. Kepedy was the younger They went together to his room. He
brother of the man who never gave his was fast asleep, but clothed and ready
right hand to another, after receiving a dressed, with his pistols charged, and
farewell grasp from the Royal Adven- sword drawn, prepared to escape or to
turer. He was also cousin to the faith- defend himself if assaulted. Many weeks
fal attendant of Prince Charles, Mac had passed since he saw a human coun.
Jan, the unfortunate cow stealer, to tenance but Mrs. Gordon's, and she
whom the clemency of George the Se- staid only a moment, when she brought
New MONTHLY MAG.-No. 61.
VOL. XI.


10
[Feb. I,
Culloden Anecdotes.
him food, or changes of linen. He had cation enchained me. I abjure your
endured much pain in his head, the con- church, and its errors."
sequence of a contusion received at the The priest made abject concessions ;
battle of Culloden. He was sometimes but lady M. was inexorable. Mr. M.
feverish and delirious, until a great was not acquainted with the family ;
effusion of blood from his nostrils re- but he applauded the lady, and from
lieved him, and his strength and spirits that period his spirits and health
were much reduced by the discharge. amended.
An acute sense of his unhappy condition Mrs. Gordon and John Roy were
preyed upon his mind. In his ravings, Mrs. aware they could not without some
Gordon discerned that he yet now poig- risk approach his bed. She waited at
pantly lamented the expulsion of the race the door, while John Roy, after putting
he considered to have a legitimate right off his shoes, gently drew near, and got
to the sceptre of great Britain. Mr. possession of his weapons. Both were
Gordon had interdicted his wife from painfully affected by this incident. It
communicating to him any particulars brought conviction, that they themselves
respecting her protegés; that if queg. might be disarmed and seized, when un-
tioned, he could, with truth, assert his conscious of danger.
entire ignorance. She, however, took Kenedy waited for the answer he
leave to consult him in general or figu- must bring the unfortunate M Gregors.
rative terms, and he suggested a remedy Mrs. Gordon left John Roy and Mr.
for misplaced loyalty. Mr. Hamilton H. when she had gently roused the
was a stedfast protestant. Mrs. Gor- sleeper. Mr. II. was overjoyed to see
don, after hearing from her husband the his friend, and glad to accompany him
following story, introduced it casually, to Glenmore. John Roy dispatched
as if she wished to know whether Mr. Kenedy to welcome the M Gregors.
H. knew the parties. It was the first Mr. Drummond availed himself of the
time she sat down in his chainber, since invitation to Alvey: but a romantic re-
the duties of a sick nurse prolonged her source, which we shall hereafter detail,
stay with him, and the natural delight procured for James M'Gregor an easy
afforded by society to a sensitive and conveyance to the eastern district. The
cultivated mind engaged the deepest genius of the GREAT UNKNOWN might
attention to her discourse. We shall weave from our slight materials an his-
find the efficacy of truths, pleasantly im- torical story, not less illustrative of the
parted, can overcome very inveterate character of the Gael than the Tales
prejudices.
of My Landlord are descriptive of the
Å baronet in the south of Scotland southern Scots.
married a roman catholic lady in 1711. But to return to the wanderers.
Through the lady's influence, her father When Mrs. Gordon left them, John
confessor hoped to engage Sir B. M. Roy informed the poet of Bangour, that
in the projected rebellion; but she de- in the woods of Glenmore he met an old
clined taking any part which might in- acquaintance, who told him he had been
volve his life and property. The priest three days without food in a cavern, be-
often reiterated his importunities; lady neath the root of a fir tree he cut down in
M. adhered to her prudent determina- a more peaceful season, and had marked,
tion, and the ghostly father, losing all hoping to entrap foxes, or perhaps ot-
self command, expected to intimidate ters, by laying snares in their den:-
her, by denouncing excommunication, but the time came, when he must betake
with all the dire concoinitants of eccle- himself to it for shelter from the king's
siastical censure. The lady interrupted troops. John Roy asked to see the
him with the dignity of offended self place, and carved his initials on the
reverence:
stump, that he might know it again ; and
“ Your throats, Sir, have confirmed as the person, from whom he obtained
my purpose. I see, I feel, that while the secret, was off to France, he and his
the protestant house of Hanover friend need not fear treachery. Besides,
reigns over us, I may treat with con- he had secured the protection of two
tempt your upmanly virulence, and ladies, who satisfied him that their servant
order you to leave my presence, no Finlay M.Donald would sooner die than
more to return. If a Stewart held the prove ungrateful. Mr. Grant was at
sovereign authority, I must tremble at Fort Augustus with the army; and his
the least sign of priestly rancour. Hence- brother Tullochgorum was one of the
forth I renounce the fetters of reason, hostages, lodged in Edinburgh Castle,
and of personal liberty, in which edu- since some false aspersions had led the


1819.)
Culloden Anecdotes.
Duke of Cumberland to doubt the loy. did not refuse to them the tribute of
alty of his clan. Thus the military weeping sympathy. Here they passed a
would not suspect that Mrs. Grant, her few nights and days, unmolested; but a
sister, and a house full of young children, party of militia sent after Lord Lewis
could be accessary to concealing any of Gordon, had orders to search every
Prince Charles's followers. The ladics house, great and small. A woman came in
and he had agreed, that the watch word breathless haste to tell them her cottage
for their arrival should be to send an old had been ransacked, and if there was any
woman, with an enquiry, if Mag Molach one under Mrs. Christian G.'s protection,
had been lately seen at Tullochgorum ? escape would be impracticable, for the
Mag Molach, or the woman with a soldiers were marching with quick steps
hairy hand, was the tutelar genius of that way. The good spinster had her
that branch of the Grants, and so many maids preparing to brew; the large
stories of her extraordinary perform- copper was full for next morning; she
ances were current, that to ask about ordered the women to kindle a great fire
her would seem a very natural curiosity. under it, and to get water heated in
Whenever this parole should reach Mrs. every way they could devise. She then
Grant, she and her sister were plighted went to bed, leaving instructions with her
to come with Finlay MDonald to raise damsels to say she was sick, and must not
the trunk of the tree; to assist the be disturbed. If the soldiers persisted,
gentlemen to descend, and to furnish the women must warn them they should
them with necessaries. When winter be saluted with libations of boiling water;
set in, they could sometimes venture for they were not soldiers, but robbers.
from the dungeon to take a cup of tea "The militia-men had not uniforms, in-
with the ladies, and to hear what was tending to conceal their purpose ; and
going forward in the world. Social this pretext carried some appearance of
intercourse had been the elixir of life reason. The soldiers came; the amazons
to Mr. Hamilton since early youth. He were resolute, and the militia men de-
joyfully accepted this proposal, and camped. John Roy and Mr. Hamilton
before sun-rise, he and John Roy were soon set out by different routes. They
concealed in the fastnesses of Craig did not again go so far asunder as for-
Ellachy; where, cheerfully refreshed merly, and generally spent the night to-
with provisions Mrs. Gordon sent with gether in some rocky recess, where a
thein, they conversed in low whispers, human foot had seldom trod. They
till darkness favoured their attempt to were often in want of food, for the wild
reach Glenmore. In case of being berries were grown scarce. Their
traced, they took a circuitous route; cloaths and shoes were worn, and Mr.
going first to the east, instead of crossing Hamilton could ill bear the cold. Their
the Spey, to the west of Alvey. We communications were not always calcu-
cannot minutely detail their adventures; lated to abate a sense of their calamity.
but we know they were soon forced to Mr. H. told Mr. S. the anecdote of Lady
separate, whilst they experienced all the M. and her confessor, and he mentioned,
miseries of outlawry. John Roy, as a that the persons to whom the prince
soldier, and as a deserter, had been entrusted his plate and jewels, to be
inured to hardship; but Mr. Hamilton, sold for the relief of such as were ruined
reared in elegance, ease, and security in his cause, were strongly suspected of
-in a strange country-ignorant of the abusing the trust. Each endeavoured
language-not knowing whom to trust, to speak of his own sufferance with
and not daring to seek his only friend, gay raillery; but they owned to the
lest the anxious guest should lead to the ladies at Glenmore, that they sometimes
detection of both-almost sunk beneath could not help blaming the infatuation
the weight of his accumulated distresses which leagued them with men of despe-
Worn out, and careless of life, he asked rate fortune, who had nothing to lose,
lodgings at the house of a gentleman. He and hoped at their expense to gain by
was a hostage at Edinburgh; but his sis- spoil, and by a change of rulers. John
ter, a compassionate spinster, conjectured Roy had been distinguished by the Duke
the stranger was a fugitive. She received of Cumberland for his valour at the bat-
him, and he almost fainted with extacy, tle of Fontenoy, and now to behold his
when he found himself in the eager royal highness would be equivalent to
embrace of John Rov. In his hiding the doom of a deserter and a traitor.
place he knew Mr. H's voice, and the Every day increased the perils and pains
feeble accents alarmed him for the of their condition. They forded and
delicate constitution of his friend. swam rivers, climbed precipices, or
They both shed tears, and the old lady dived into clefts of the mountains, where


Culloden Anecdotes.
[Feb. 1,
only wild animals had hitherto gought with bed-cloaths and linen. John Roy
refuge; and in various disguises had se- and his friend removed the trunk of the
parately passed through bands of the tree, assisted to deposit the stores, and
inilitary; aod for what had they incurthankfully descended. The ladies help-
red those complicated afllictions? Fored Finlay M.Donald to replace the
no benefit to their country, if the enter- stump, and they rose with the dawn to
prize had succeeded ; and certain woe to etface the initials, or rather to cut them
inultitudes had been the result of its away ; and at a considerable distance
failure. They had not fought, bled, and they imitated the letters upon another
lost their all to ensure personal, political, remain of a stem; in case the foriner
or religious liberty. A roman catholic, ipscription had been observed. These
imbued with extravagant ideas of inde ladies walked to the cave every night to
feasible right, and all the claims to abso- give their aid to Mr. M.Donald in libe-
lute supremacy that give rise to the ex- rating the inmates; and it may be sup-
ercise of arbitrary power, could bring posed they came provided with fresh
no aggrandizement to Britain, nor any supplies of every comfort they could af-
individual freedom to the inhabitants. ford. They watched in different direc-
The roots of wild liquorice, and tender tions to annouce the least indication of
shoots of fir, were often the best repast daoger. Mag Molach , called aloud, was
of our fugitives, when they durst not the warning word. No gratification had
venture to cut the green or ripened corn ever been so delicious to the prisoners as
with their dirks, and to fill their ragged the short ramble that allowed them to
pockets. Jolin Roy fashioned a bow use their limbs, and again to behold
and arrow. At school he was the best the canopy of heaven. Immersed all day
archer, and a little practice recalled his in darkness, the glimmering myriads
dextcrity. He imitated the call of the adorning the firinament in a frosty night
doe to her fawn, and of the heath-fowl acted upon their sight with more potener
to its young, and seldom did all the than erst had shone the luminary of
creatures he designed to inveigle escape day. Mr. H begged to have a wide
his well-aimed darts. They dared not black dish filled with water to collect
strike up a fire, but sometimes in a sheal and reflect the rays of light that pene-
ing they got their game broiled. The trated through the roots of the fir, which
report of a gun would have been a signal formed the covering of their den, and
for the soldiers to pursue them. The this expedient cheered their subter-
ladies at Glenmore looked with anxiety ranean abode. They had not ventured
for the tenants engaged to occupy the to Mr.Grant's house when a new alarni
den. Weeks elapsed without any ac- confined them by day and night. Mrs.
count of, or from them. At length a Grant did not think it proper to invite
woman came to say, an old beggar man them in absence of her husband, and un-
sent her to ask if Mag Molach had been invited, they would not presume to lint
recently seen about Tullochgorum.- a wish to wait upon her. A rumour
Mrs. Grant understood that John Roy reached Mrs. Grant, that the command-
personated this beggar, and said the poor ing officer at Ruthven in Badenoch, had
crazy being should be gratified with an heard from the east country the certainty
answer, and the messenger ought to that Lord Lewis Gordon was concealeit
make haste to tell him that MAG MOLACI in a cave at Torrigen in Strathspey.
was every night in the woods of Glen- Many an uneasy impatient look did Mrs. .
more, waiting Tullochgorum's return G. and her sister cast towards the sky,
from Edinburgh. She had looked for wishing the sun was gone down; and
him since a specified time. This was as soon as darkness favoured a visit to
exactly the date of John Roy's very pa- the cavern, they repaired thither to tell
thetic address to Mrs.Grant; committing the gentleman, that a serrant belonging
his life to the mercy of a low-country lady to a near relative of Lord Lewis Gora
and her sister, and relving on their hu- don had overheard some mention of his
manity, thongh he was not ignorant that lordship's asylum.
her lusband and herself favoured the es. John Roy exclaimed, “ No High-
tablished reyime. Ile and Mr. H. repaired lander would have betrayed Lord Lewis,
to the woods, and lurked near the den, nor the poorest fellow who carried arms
which he soon discovered hy the initials under the Prince."
his pepknife inscribed. They saw Mrs. Stores were left for the victims of re-
Grant, her sister, and Finlay M Donald bellion; and at dead of night the ladies,
by the faint meonlight. They were accompanied by M.Donald, went to
laden with food; with milk and beer; raise the trunk of the tree a little for
14
*


1819.)
13
Culloden Anecdotes.
the admission of air. Mr. Grant came A fter Mr. II. was laid in bed, John
home. He approved of all his wife and Roy informed Mr. Grant and the ladies,
sister-in-law had done, and went out that the lines recited by him were part
daily to get information. A fortnight of a doggrel poem he composed in his
satisfied the soldiery that all their search dungeon. Mr. Grant asked if J. Roy's
for Lord Lewis Gordon must be unavail- muse never visited the cavern. He could
ing. Mr. Grant invited Mr. H. and not deny that she once deigned to inspire
John Roy to tea, and with Finlay him; but to repeat her intuitions would
M.Donald released them from confine- perhaps offend. The ladies joined Mr.
ment. The writer never shall forget G. in promising a free pardon for the
the impression made by Mr. Grant's de- party spirit of his effusions, and urged
scription of their haggard looks and Mr. S. to rehearse them. He complied.
threadbare tattered garments, covered
“ My enemies search for my den,
with, and perforated by maggots. Their
Like wolves, raging mad to destroy;
loathsome state was not immediately
lately Controul, O Lord! those cruel men,
perceived. Their eyes could not sup-
And save thy poor John Roy.
port the light. The blaze of a wood
Oh grant this boon, if I may dare
fire was lowered by water; and the
Ask on my bended knee,
candle extinguished. Mr. H.'s health
Make me as inany as they are,
was impaired, and John Roy affected
Or they as few as me.
high glee, to amuse his pensive contede-
No favour shewn on either side,
rate. He composed in Gaelic, an ex-
Fate standing passive by,
tempore vration to the cherishing heat, The arm of flesh the cause decide,
so long a stranger to their frames, and Between their chief and I.”
Mr. Grant translated it to Mr. Hamilton.
Shivering with cold and agitation, Mr.
"M " But, ladies," subjoined our hero, I
H. threw himself into a chair. The was tired of prison, and forgot that my
candles were re-lumed, and Finlay own folly consigned me to a den, when I
M.Donald appeared with new suits of rattled off those rhymes.
cloaths and linens for the guests. Mr. As we are not composing a fiction,
H. observed his horrible retinue.
but recording real incidents, as the pro-
* Great God!” he cried, “ my friend mincnt feature of troublous times, there
and I, in our premature inhumation, must be many chasins in the diary
were also the prey of worms !".
of men, driven from place to place,
A short lysterical spasm succeeded; flying from the death of malefactors,
but two glasses of wine, and Mr. Stew- with harassed minds, and weary limbs;
art's forced merriment, removed the their chafed soles often unshod, and
symptoms. Mrs. Grant and her sister enduring the extremities of oppressive
came to make tea. A chair was placed heat, intense cold, hunger and thirst;
for Mr. Hamilton, and as he did not rise their short intervals of quiet were need-
to take it, Mr. Grant led him to the ful for sleep. This register of their
table. Mrs. Grant wished to engage adventures would have been more im-
him in conversation ; but in place of a perfect, if an unexpected meeting with
direct answer, he muttered--
Mr. Gordon, of Alvey, at Glenmore,
had not drawn from them particulars
6 Johanes Rufus Stewart,
they did not till then think of reciting.
With brawny limb and true heart;
Fifty ycars after that date, Mr. Gordon
Bold as the mountain lion,
was heard to say, he never tasted the
And of liberty the scion.
sweets of recognition so exquisitely, as
Dens, caves, caverns, dungeons, worms, ver- in this encounter with Mr. Hamilton
miculie"
and John Roy Stewart. A storm of
Mr. Stewart looked earnestly at the snow covered the ground, and the moon
speaker. His eyes were fixed. His had not risen, when on a wintry night,
senses were locked in sleep. He was Mr. Gordon came to Mr. Grant's house.
carried to bed, and when he awoke next He and the ladies, with their guests,
morning, recollected nothing, except the were seated by a bright burning heap of
hideous reptiles.
moss fir. John Roy had seen Mr. Gor-
This fact is not without a parallel. don in his youth, and recollected him.
It will be found in the life of Doctor Mr. H. never be held him, though both
Blacklock, relating the perturbed state in emergency were weeks under his
of his feelings at Dumfries, after being protective roof.
insulted by the rabble, when inducted “ Worthiest! most liberal of men !"
to the parish of Kirkcudbright. cried John Roy, clasping Mr. Gordon in


Culloden Anecdotes.
(Feb. I,
don.
***
his arms. His name, pronounced by be ; and their influence may procure you
Mrs. Grant, produced equal rapture in leave to return openly among us. For
the heart of Mr. Hamilton, and he em- their sakes think of her, who would not-
braced Mr. Gordon before he could dis- for worlds harm a hair of the locks
engage himself from Mr. Stewart. she yesterday combed for the last time,
They asked for the M Gregors. Mr. until our nation shall be more settled.
Gordon informed them, that Mr. Drum- Farewell. May saints and angels watch
mond was now on his way to the Conti- over you !
nent; but James M'Gregor, through the James M Gregor opened the pláid he
agency of some secret friend, got to the had all night round his person, and in
east country. He procured money to the tenderest tones said,
bribe an Inverness merchant to convey “ Let me carry with me the dear re-
him from Strathdearn in a cart, covered membrance, that for once I had my only
with light packages, addressed to noble- love in my arms."
men and gentlemen of unquestionable N o, James, no. Your memory of
attachment to government. Mr. S. this bold journey shall be pure, as the
smiled.
motives that brought me so far from
Why do you smile?" said Mr. Gor- liome. If I could have ventured here
without the guards my friends provided,
If my friend Hamilton will promise to I would willingly have travelled all the
smile, and smile again, I shall tell you a way only to give you this, that you might
pretty little tale. It cannot now be buy the good offices of those that are
dangerous to any one, and it will serve not generous enough to render unbribed
to pass our time.-" The night I passed services. If I am to see you no more
at Strathdearn, with the M Gregors, on earth, my days are devoted to God,
we lay under the shelter of a rock, sur- and the blessed Virgin. Be true to my
rounded at the base with birch trees. father and brothers, as I shall be true to
The day just began to appear, wlien a you.'
little old man, and a fine looking youth, The lady stooped to give a parting
in the south country garb, drew near salute. James fixed his arms round her
us. The old man carried a tub of neck, and did not unloose them, till the
smoking water, and dressings for James diminutive old man interposed."
M-Gregor's wound. The stripling ba- After this little narrative, the com-
thed it, applied the unguent, and ban- pany amused themselves with conjec-
dages, dropping many a tear during the tures as to who the lady could be; but to
operation, which was performed in deep every one mentioned, some objection
silence. The old man then withdrew to was started, which proved their supposi-
some distance. They no doubt supposed tion was erroneous. Mr. Stewart then
Mr. Drumomond and myself to be asleep; asked Mr. Gordon to go with him to see
but long accustomed to listen for sounds if there were any signs of thaw. In less
of danger, the least movement awakes me, than half an hour they returned, and
and I think a mouse could not tread the when reseated, Mr. Gordon held up two
velvet moss, without informing my ear. rings, requesting every one to examine
James M Gregor and the lad spoke in a them, and note their appearance.
very low voice. He urged a longer stay. “ Colonel Stewart,” said he, “wishes
• I have been with you more than twelve to place more confidence in me than
hours,' said the vouth: they did not should be given to mortal man. He has
seem tedious; but I have far to go, and been insisting that I should dispose of
my horse, and escort, which you know those rings, and to send the value to a
have dispersed to elude observation, are widow at —"
to meet me by degrees, before high noon. Mention no names, Sir, I beseech
Even with his Lordship's written protec- you," interrupted Mr. S. “ It is too
tion, I am unsafe in this distracted much to have planted thorns in an in-
country, with only poor old Marjory as nocent heart;-and at least, for some
a travelling companion. Oh! these sad, time, to bave indisposed a good, artless
sad times, when young women must un- girl to be the happy spouse of a man in
dertake the part of bearded men, to save her own station. I should save her
a father, brother, and dear relations. from all blame, and indeed she deserves
When I think of them, I forget all the none. Mr. Hamilton knows the circum-
risks I may run. Remember their lives stances, and without alluding to any
and property are in your hands. They that can divulge the persons concerned,
are safe, if you are guarded in speech I shall confess my faults. If I know
and writing. Untrue you never will myself, I intended no harm; but let no


1819.) The Knights Templars Enemies to Christianity:
15
man after me permit himself to flatter of the Christian Religion. They repre-
an inexperienced creature with unmean- sent the Mete, that is, the Wisdom or
ing attention. The little gallantries, Sophia of the Gnostics, and particularly
which a well bred lady knows to be af- of the Ophites, as Hermaphrodite, with
fected politeness, a simple child of nature the attributes of the broken off cross, or
translates into the language of love. I Egyptian Key of the Nile and of life,
forgot this distinction until too late; (the T,) of the serpent of the Baptism of
and if I only suffered for my idle adula- Fire, &c.; and contain, besides all the
tion, I should less lament my folly. symbols of the Moon, SUN, STARS, AP-
B.G. ZON, CHAIN, Tassels, Book, SEVEN-
BRANCH CANDLESTICK, &c. which are
THE KNIGHTS TEMPLARS, ENEMIES TO known as masonic hieroglyphics.
CHRISTIANITY.
The author recognises as such Bapho-
AMONG the numerous literary Jour- mete, so called instead of Mete, from the
nals of which Germany mavjustly boast, Fire Baptism of Reason Baonuntes, the
there is perhaps none which deserves to three idols published in the Journal
be placed in a higher rank than that pub- called “ Curiosities," (vol. ii. No. 6,)
lished at Vienna, under the title of which he at first took to be Alchemisti-
FUNDGRUBENDES ORIENTS, or Mines cal, and the inscriptions upon which, at
of the East. Five volumes, small folio, first, led him astray, because the Greek
have been successively published in nume word Mete, written with Arabic letters,
bers, of wbich four make a volume, has no meaning as an oriental word.
Those four volumes contain a vast mass That this word, which is met with in all
of information respecting the East. The the Arabic inscriptions, must be read
object of my present communication is, Mele; he discovered afterwards, from
however, the first number of the sixth the Latin inscriptions on other idols,
volume, which is but just published, and of the Castle of Pottenstein in Bo-
and is wholly filled by a Latin Disserta- hemia, formerly belonging to the Temp-
tion, of the length of thirty sheets, un lars, on which is found the inscription
der the very promising title of—“ Mys- (not understood by Bienenberg) “ Sig-
TERIUM BAPHOMETIS REVELATUM, nata Mctis caritas crtirpat hosies," last-
SEU FRATRES MILITIÆ TEMPLI, QUA ly from coins and BRACTEATES, in which
GNOSTICI ET QUIDEM OPHIANI APOS- we find partly the figure of Mete, and
TACIÆ, IDOLUDULIÆ ET IMPURITATIS partly her name, cither in a cypher, to
CONVICTI PER IPSA EORUM MONU- be illegible to the profane, or written at
MENTA." This title sufficiently explains length, like the inscription on a coin in
the subject and the tendency of the Scelander, which clearly consists of three
whole Essay, which is to prove the guilt words; Mele es is, which Mader inter-
of the Templars, not from the acts of preted Melensis.
their trials, which historical criticism T he same inscriptions as on these idols
would not hitherto admit as proofs are to be met with upon three stone ves-
against them, but from their own mo- sels in the Imperial Cabinet of Antiqui-
numents. Such monuments, which have ties, upon which, besides the above and
been till now partly unknown, and other Goostic symbols, the Ophitic Or-
partly known indeed, but not recognised gies are also represented in Bils-relief.
for what they really signify, are the idols These cups are the Chalices of the Ban-
common in all Europe, since their trial, tism of Fire, being represented filled
under the pame of Baphometsheads, and with flaming fire, as well at the feet of
lately become celebrated in Germany by Mete (who holds by the arms the Neo-
means of Werner's Templars, the adora. phyte placed over it) as on the Bass
tion of which was laid to their charge in relief of one of these cups, where the act
their trial.
of the baptism with fire is performed.
A learned author, the celebrated On the Bas-relief of the Ophitic Orgies
orientalist, Mr. Joseph Von Hammer, we also find Mete himself twice, as Her-
first discovered them in a dozen idols in maphrodite, with the chain of ons,
the Imperial Cabinet of Antiquities, and holding in her hand the Key of Life;
which were before considered to be Ti. this T, called by the Ophites the Ilood
hetian. On most of them are enigmati- of Life, and also the Kcy of knowledge,
cal, hitherto undecyphered Arabic in- (Lignum Vita, Clavis Gnoseos) is the true
scriptions, (upon some also Greek and CHARACTER BAPHOMETICUS, which the
Latin ones), which contain the name idols bear on the forehead, and which is
of these idols, Mete, the doctrine mentioned in the depositions of the
of the Gnostic Eight, and of the denial Templars.


16 Notices illustrative of Cambrian History and Antiquities. (Feb. I,
Hitherto these idols and vessels were of coins and BRACTEATES, the legends of
considered as Ophitic, and no proof which, hitherto not satisfactorily ex-
could be deduced from them against the plained, the author reads and explains
Templars, were not the same Ophitic as gnostical, without laving any stress
hieroglyphics, symbols, and representa- on them as proofs of guilt against the
tions, which are united with the abore- Templars; whom he, besides, does not
mentioned Arabic inscriptions on the declare guilty in shape, but proves that
vessels and idols found also upon the the properly initiator trod the Christian
churches and tombs of the Templars. religion under foot, and partook in the
The most remarkable in this respect most shameful licentiousness of the
are, the sculptures, described-Nos. 14 Ophites, so that they were nothing
and 45 for this year, of the Ilistorical, less than unjustly condemned. Through
Geographical, Political, and Military this discovery drawn from monuments, a
Archives on the church of the Templars new light is thrown on the tales of the
at Schongrabern, on which, besides middle ages of the sacred Grale (Goblet)
Mete, is found also her declared enemy which is by no incans, as hitherto be-
and adversary, the Dainonic or Typho- lieved, the Chalice of the Lord's Supper;
nic Ialdabaoth; together with his emblem but the cup of the Gnostic Union on the
the Lion, and the principal Gnostic vessels of the baptism with fire, three of
hieroglyphic of the Serpent devouring a which are in the Imperial Cabinet of
Child ; (Epiphanius Hæres. xxvii. 6 10). Antiquities. The eight metal dishes, all
This emblem is found, also, on the Tem- bearing the same enigmatical inscription,
plar's church at Ebenfurt, and upon are similar sacred Grale ; one of these
others; and the author shows that the is depicted on the curiosities, and one
legend of the coinbat of St. George with in Busching's weekly journal; the in-
the Dragon, which the Bollandists scription on them, wliich has hitherto
themselves place in the list of fables, is not been rightly understood, or read, is
nothing but a gnostical hieroglyphic of explained by the author, by giving the
the Combat of the Gnostic with the true reading. By this discovery also a
World, which has been incorporated number of hitherto quite obscure pas-
with the arms of England and of Milan, sages of Tilurel, as, for instance, that
as St. George and the Serpent holding where his sword is changed into a siaff
a Child in its mouth. Similar Ophitic (namely, the T shaped staff or crutch,
symbols are found on the Bohemian which the Templars hold in their hands
Templar's churches, as Eger and Prague; in the churches of Schongrabero and
and in the latter, (now belonging to the Wutendorff,) and for the first time ren-
Chevalier Von Schonfeld), especially the dered intelligible ; and lastly, the very
Gnostic (afterwards masonic) symbols ancient gnostical origin of free masonry
painted on glass, and in Fresco; farther, is historically traced as far as possible up
in the Templar's churches at Steinfeld, to the time of the Crusade, and still far-
near Wienerisch-Neustadt, and at Wut- ther back. The five copper plates con-
tendorf near Statz; also, (according to tain all the representations of the Ba-
Count Teleki's Travels through Hun- phomete symbols, hieroglyphics, cups,
gary, p. 216,) in the Templar's church 100 coins, &c. necessary as proofs and
of St. Martin, in the Peninsula of illustrations of this highly interesting
Murau. The author regrets that he and important treatise, which is calcu-
could not wait for the drawings pro- lated to inake a great sensation in the
mised him of this church by his Escel- learned world.
Jency Count Festetits, as well as others
by Mr. Steinbüchel from Dalmatia; be- NOTICES ILLUSTRATIVE OF CAMBRIAN
cause otherwise, the publication of this
HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES.
volume, which has been already so much
No. III.
retarded by similar causes, would have
TRUTII.
been delayed a whole year; but at the TRUTII was held so sacred by the
conclusion of his work he expresses his ancient British Bards and Druids, that
firm conviction that, the way being once they would never, contrary to modern
shewn, a number of such Idols and Sculn custom, admit into their poetical compo-
tures, not bitherto recognised as belong- sitions any thing whatever of a fictitious
ing to the Templars, or Gnostics, when nature; their fundamental maxim was
considered in this new light, will only to search for truth, and to adhere to it
confirm all that is here said. Such a with the most rigid severity. Hence, in
new light is thrown hy the Numismatical all the genuine copies that are extant of
observations in this Esszy, on a pumber our ancient Welsh bards, from Meugant,


1819.] Notices illustrative of Cambrian History and Antiquities. - 17
about the close of the fourth century, females, who went from North Wales
to the present time, we do not meet on pilgrimages to St. David's, to pass the
with a single poem founded on fiction; dangerous strands, and sail over the
and, strange as it may appear, the most rough bays of the Dyvi in slight co-
authentic histories of the Welsh are in racles, without any one to guide or as-
verse, and all their fabulous writings in sist them, so firmly were they persuaded
prose. Some have asserted,in their vindi- that their adored saint would protect
cation of that grand romance Geoffry them in all dangers.
of Monmouth, that the Trojan origin of
MENBVIA,
Britain is mentioned by Taliesin: but The ancient city of St. David's, in
this is a glaring falsehood; for no one Pembrokeshire. The pilgrimages to
can show, in the poems of that noble this place were esteemed so meritorious,
bard, one single word allusive to such an that they occasioned a proverbial rhyme
event; nor do any of the cotemporaries in Welsh, which has been thus translated
of Geoffry make the least mention of it. into Latin :-
THE CYMRY.
Roma semel quantum, bis dat Menevia
The Welsh have always called them- tantum.
selves the CYMRY: the strictly literal
KING ARTHUR.
meaning of which is ABORIGINES. This renowned prince was no more than
They are the Cimbri, or Cimmeri, of the son of Meiryg, the petty king of Gla-
the ancients; and have been distin- morgan; elected to the supreme coinmand
guished by this appellation in all ages, of the British army, to repel the inroads of
and in all countries, from Asia Minor to the Saxons. It is extremely likely that
Britain, as if they were the ABORIGINES the ancient Britons were never united
of the world. They call their language under one hereditary sovereign of their
Cymraeg, i. e. original. The Welsh in own nation. The island was always di-
this, their national address, derived vided into a great many petty prin-
from the most remote antiquity, may cipalities, which, when occasion required,
find pretensions of some plausibility, to elected temporary commanders-in-chief,
a far nobler origin than that of being to lead their armies in cases of invasion;
the descendants of a horde of adven- such were CassiveLLANUS, CUNOBE-
turers, who came from Troy to Britain, LINUS, CARACTACUS, ARTHUR, &c.
through many countries, on a predatory
THE ISLE OP HONEY.
espedition.
Y FEL YNYS - the Isle of Honey,
STONE-HENGE.
was one of the ancient names of Britain.
The Welsh bards always met in the The other two were, CLAS MERDDIN, or
open air, while the sun was above the the Highlands in the sea; and Pre-
horizon, where they formed a circle of Dain,t the name by which it is at pre-
stones, according to the custom of their sent, and has been for at least two thou-
predecessors. It appears very probable sand years, known to the old Britons.
that Stone-henge owes its origin to a The strictly literal meaning of Pay-
Bardic meeting.
DIAN, is BEAUTIFUL, and nothing can
BAY OP ABERMO.
be more obvious than this etymology;
A very large tract of fenny country on yet, strange to relate, Mr. Williams was
this coast is called Cantrer Gwaelog, i.e. the first who ever noticed it. The ter-
the lowland canton. About the year mination, ain, is exactly the same as the
400, it was inundated by the sea, owing English ful, in beautiful. There are
to the carelessness of those who kept but few countries in the world, which,
the flood-gates; as we are informed by like Britain, retain their ancient names
Taliesin, in one of his poems. It was in their aboriginal languages, still living
said there were many large towns, a within them, and but little, if any thing,
great number of villages, and palaces of corrupted or altered.
noblemen in this canton; and among
LOYALTY.
them, the residence of Gwyddno Ga When the second civil war broke out,
rauhir, a petty prince of the country.
There were, within the last 50 years, to
* A sort of boat of wicker work coated
be seen, in the sands of this bay, large
with canvas dipped in tar, about the size of
stones with inscriptions on them in
a large clothes-basket, which the fishermen
Roman characters; but in an unknown
carry on their shoulders. There is a coracle
language.
race anpually at Chester, on the Dee.
CYRIC
+ Mr. Macpherson sagaciously observed,
Is the patron saint of the Welch ma- that this name was never known to the
riners. It was usual for those, even Welch
New MONTHLY MAG.No. 61.
VOL. XI. D


18
Notices illustrative of Cambrian History und Antiquities. (Feb. I,
in the year 16-18, the Welsh were the westward, in less than two months, ar-
first who took up arms in favour of rived on the coast of a fine fertile
Charles II. Sir Edward Stradling, of country, destitute of inhabitants. Leav-
St. Donat's Castle, Sir Nicholas Kemyss, ing there about 100 of his own men, lie
of Keven Mably, and Colonel Powell, returned to Cambria, where he soon
raised, armed, and equipped, each of fitted out another fleet for the same
them, 1000 men, within their own county destination, and took with him a vast
of Glamorgan; which, under their com- number of the people of Wales, both
mand, joined Major-General Langliorne, male and female, who were enticed by
and Col. Poyer ; whose men were chiefly his representations. He set sail from
raised in the counties of Brecon, Caer- South Wales, with ten ships. This se-
marthen, and Pembroke. Their col- cond voyage took place in 1195, ac-
lected force amounted to about 8000. cording to Sir Thomas Herbert, wlio
Cromwell, hearing of this, sent Col. wrote in 1635, and having free access to
Horton before him, with 3000 horse, the noble collections of Welsh literature,
and 2000 foot, to Wales, and followed in the library of Ragland Castle, bad
bimself, with all the troops he could better opportunities of tracing the his-
muster. The two arinies met at St. tory of this remarkable event, than any
Fagan's, a village on the banks of the other person living. The total destruc-
River Ely, in the vale of Glamorgan, on tion, by fire, of that library, has not yet
Monday, May 8, 1618. Col. Fiorton, been added to the catalogue of Crom-
engaged by Langhorne and Stradling, well's glories. Long, very long shall the
was compelled to give way; but being curse of the Welsh attend the detestable
soon joined by 3000 men, with a heavy name of that ambitious and reckless
train of artillery, he charged the van of monster!
the Welsh forces, and after a bloody
THE TRIADES.
conflict of two hours duration, the royal In the Bardic Triades, we have a re-
army was completely routed, about 3000 markable maxiin of our philosophic an-
slain, and as many taken prisoners. Sir cestors, which has been thus rendered :---
Nicholas Kemyss retired to Chepstow Three things restored will prolong a
Castle, which he vigorously defended for man's life :-
nearly three weeks: Col. Pride, how. The country where in childhood le
ever, arriving with the artillery, a breach was brought up;
was made, and the Castle carried by The food that in childhood nourished
assault. Sir Nicholas was put to death him;
there in a barbarous manner. This The train of thought that in child-
battle made not less than 56 widows in hood amused him.
the small parish of St. Fagan's, and lost
THE BARDS.
more than 700 men to the county of The original intention of the Bardic
Glamorgan. About 50 years ago, Institution, was the promotion of ciri-
several old people lived in the village, lization. The primitive of the word
who solemnly asserted that the river BEIRDD, is Priest. PRYDYDD is the
was reddened with human blood ! most common Welsh word for PowT;
MADOC.
the literal sense of which is as
Much has been lately said in the papers, near as the idiom of the language will
of the discovery of a colony of WELSH IN- admit, embellisher, regulator, polisher.
DIANS in America. The following referen-
MEUGANT THE BARD
tial particulars may not prore uninterest- Lived, as has been observed, about the
ing: Many of the Welsh historians assert, close of the fourth century. He was
that America was discovered about the the preceptor of the celebrated MER-
year 1170, by Madoc, son of Owain Gwy- LIN; and this assertion is grounded on
nedd, Prince of Wales. It is certain they the anthority of Prys, an able Welsh
possessed MS. accounts of the discovery, antiquary, who, about the time of Eli-
written long before the birth of Co- zabeth, was Archdeacon of Merioneth.
lumbus. Dr. Powell, quoting Guttyn There are still extant several poems of
Owaian, who wrote in Welsh, about the Meugant.
time of Edward IV. says, that Madoc,
TALIESIN,
in the hope of discovering the lands that called the Prince of Bards, lived in the
lay beyond the Atlantic, of which there fifth century. He professed himself a
were then traditionary and MS. accounts Druid ; and, in many of his poems, gives
in existence, resolved on a voyage of an ample display of the absurd doctrine of
discovery, to aroid the bloodshed which the METEMPSYCHOSIS. He enriched the
then desolated the land; and sailing poetry of Cambria, by introducing into


1819.)
19
On Sir Sam. Romilly's Objections to Public Schools.
it the Roman versification; the hex- dens, &c. In a very ancient poem, as-
ameter, pentameter, sapphic, and other cribed to Aneurin, who lived about the
metres.
year 550, we have the following pag-
EDWARD WILLIAMS.
sage:--
This amiable character, who was Gnawd ym Morganwg ddiwg ddynion
descended from a line of respectable an- A Gwragedd mewn mawredd a muriau gwy-
cestors, initiated into the Bardic Mys. nion.
teries, and who adopted the ancient title « In Clamorgan the people are courteous
of “ Bardd wrth Fraint a Defod Beirdd
and gentle,
Ynys Prydain,"* had a considerable pro- Married women are honoured; and the
perty left to him by a relative in the walls are white."
West Indies: but with the spirited
David ap Gwilym, temp. 1350, in
independance of virtue, he waived all
speaking of Glamorgan, has an allusion
claim to it, on the ground that his prin-
which has been thus translated:
ciples would not allow him to enjoy The Bard loves the beautiful
riches, amissed by the slavery of his
country, its wincs and its white houses."
fellow creatures. He was the author of
And in another place, where he in-
translations from the British, entitled,
vokes the sun, he says, “ Thou sun of the
« Poems, Lyric and Pastoral," in 2 vols.
bright morning, beam joyfulness around,
12mo.; and frequently adopted the sig- and salute the white houses of Glamor-
nature of Tolo MORGANWG.
gan."
THE DRUIDS.
Devo ab Ieuan Da, a bard who wrote
It is asserted that this Institution about 150, has allusions in his verses,
originated in Britain. It is now ex-
to “ Glamorgan of the white walls ;"
tinct. The last regularly initiated, was
and Diodorus Siculus says, that the
Tolo MORGANWG, the subject of the Britons white-washed their houses with
preceding article.
chalk.
ANEURIN THE BARD
THE BARDS UNARMED.
Was called MyDeyRN BEIRDD, the It was not lawful for the bard to carry
« Monarch of the Bards." He was arms; or for any one to bear a naked
brother to the celebrated historian Gil-
weapon in their presence. They were
das. His GODODiN is one of the finest deemed the heralds of peace.
poems in the Welsh language. It is
Caer.
remarkable for the pathos of various
of its passages, and is of consi-
OBSERVATIONS ON SIR SAM. ROMILLY's
derable length. The subject is the battle
OBJECTIONS TO PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
of Cattraeth, fought by the Britons,
under Mynyddawc 'Eiddin, against the MR. EDITOR,
Saxons. Gildas was, like his brother THE will of Sir Samuel Romilly has
Ancurin, a bard, and fragments of his been printed and circulated with re-
works are still extant. Indeed, we learn markable ostentation, though it contains
from an old MS. that their brothers and nothing particularly worthy of publi-
sisters, to the number of 21-sons and cation, unless it be for the information
daughters of Caw o Brydyn, were all that the writer has left behind him
Bards ! in addition to this — be not some manuscripts on criminal law, and
alarmed, ye modern minstrels!--they memoirs of the latter years of his life,
were also saints! Caw o BRYDYN was about which papers he seems to have
a petty prince of the OTTODINI, and felt some concern, by submitting them
having been driven out of his ter- to the correcting hand of his friends.
ritories by the Saxons, he retreated into On this subject, however, I should not
Wales with his family, where he entered have deemed it necessary to bestow a
on a monastic life. Gildas and Aneurin single observation, nor even to have
were members of the monastery of St. taken the slightest notice of the verbose
Cadog, in Llancarvaa (Carbani vallis). testament of this extraordinary man,
WHITE-WASHING.
had it not beeu for the following clause
It has, from very remote antiquity, respecting his children :-" It is my
been the custom in Glamorganshire, to earnest and anxious wish, that none of
white-wash the houses, not only the my sons should be educated at aty pub-
insides, but the outsides also; and even lic school, by which I mean such schools
the barns, stables, walls of yards, gar- as Eton, Westminster, Winchester, and
-. --- Harrow."
• Bard according to the rights and Insti- The right of a parent to leave direc-
tutes of the Bards of the Island of Britain. tions for the bringing up of the family


on
(Feb. I,
On Sir Sam. Romilly's Objections to Public Schools.
which he leaves behind him, is not to be Private schools, on the contrary, have
questioned; and the prejudices of Sir no such advantages, being conducted
Samuel Romilly, in favour of private solely by the arbitrary will of their
tuition, might have passed without any respective principals, who adopt systems
other sentiment than pity, if he had con- of teaching according to their fancies;
fined himself to that limitation. But while many of them, aspiring to the
having thought proper to fasten a stigma honour of inventors, make their pupils
upon four great schools, in language the victims of experiment, to substan-
bitterly sarcastic and uncharitable, it tiate the merits of new theories and
seems a duty to vindicate those institu- boasted improvements.
tions, and all of a kindred nature, from B ut even where nothing of this kind
the cruel reproach conveyed in this in- exists, and where the preceptor dis-
junction. This is the more requisite, charges his duty conscientiously and with
because the denunciation is posthumous, ability, the progress in a private school
and comes abroad into the world clad in cannot by any means be proportionate to
that pompous solemnity of diction, which that made in a great seminary, where
is calculated to make a deep impression the course is uniform, and the propelling
upon those who are apt to be affected power such, that every boy moves, and
by the dying declarations of eminent is moved by his class-fellows. In these
persons. Many parents, on the subject schools there is no standing still, for the
of education, are more inclined to follow whole, like a large machine, is in con-
the authority of names, than to inquire stant exercise ; and by a perpetual re-
for themselves; and, therefore, consider- currence to the same rules and prin-
ing the popularity of this celebrated ciples, each intellect becomes habituated
lawyer, it is to be feared that his example to labour, and stored with that elemen-
will have numerous imitators.
tary knowledge, which is readily applied
The comparative advantages of pub- in every successive stage of learning.
lic and private education have been so This co-operation of young minds, in a
often and ably discussed, as to leave little track which they are all sensible leads
room for novelty, cither in argument or to the highest academical honours, not
illustration; and it might be sufficient only elicits genius, but keeps it steady
to remark in this place, that the weight to one purpose, and incessantly em-
of evidence, as far as experience goes, ployed in a prescribed direction. 'Here-
is decidedly on the former side ; for the by, emulation, the noble spring of exer.
advocates of the opposite system would tion, is equitably excited, and kept up.
be hardly pushed to produce an adequate without jealousy. Competition is free;
list of illustrious characters, brought up the advantages are open to all, and he
in their way, to match the host of lumi- who gains by perseverance, continues to
varies who were prepared for active life retain the goodwill of those whom he
in the great public schools of this king- may have distanced in the race. A pub-
dom.
lic school, in short, is a theatre of noble
Though it is admitted that numbers strife, where every one is aware that
do not tell for much in speculative con- advancement cannot be made without
cerns, they are of vast importance in effort; where the diffident is sure of
estimating the effects of practical insti- receiving honourable assistance, to cheer
tutions. It is by their fruits that we him in his toil, and where he that shines
must judge of seminaries of instruction, above his companions, knows how to
and not by their professions. When, make a proper use of the distinction
therefore, we find upon close examination which he has acquired.
that for a long series of years, and with. It cannot be denied that private semi
out any interruption, the public schools naries have also the benefit of the emula-
of England have furnished a constant tive spirit,butit will not prevail there with
supply of cultivated talent to meet the equal activity, por be productive of the
demands of the state, in every depart- same extensive effects. In public schools,
ment essential to the national business no envy can arise from the apprehension
and the general weal, it is but fair to of undue influence and unreasonable
conclude, that the method of tuition partiality ; but the case is different where
there pursued, is the one best adapted to every look of the master is watched by
the benefit of society. These institutions his pupils, who, when they see him dis-
are bound by statutes from which the tinguishing one above the rest, are dis-
masters cannot depart, and they are re- posed to think ill of the preceptor and
gulated by a code of discipline, to which his favourite.
every scholar inust in his turn submit. The claims of private schools com-


1819.) On Sir Sam. Romilly's Objections to Public Schools. 21
monly rest upon facility in learning, and can possibly be given: - let not the
a minute attention to morals.
venerable foundations of our ancestors
· Of the first it is enough to say, that be exposed to the merciless inquisition
knowledge is not to be had without of modern fanatics, who would substitute
labour, and that perfection is the a new light of their own, for that which
work of time. Young minds must be has so long irradiated the land ; nor, let
exercised repeatedly in the diligent prac- us see our schools and colleges purged
tice of rules, the exact reason and va- by a herd of reformers following the
rious uses of which, they do not under heels of another Pym, with his cloke-bag
stand; and which it would be an idle crammed full of lying informations and
attempt to endeavour to explain.
visionary projects.
Short roads to learning are tempta It is the misfortune of the people of
tions to idleness, and bye paths to igno this country, that, from a natural spirit
rance. The first thing to be attended to, of credulity, they are easily led to be-
in bringing up children, is to make them come dupes to every kind of empiricism,
sensible that nothing worth knowing and to swallow any tale that is coined by
can be obtained without diligent appli- malice, to the disparagement of pub-
cation, and that all difficulties in studylic authority and ancient institutions.
are surmountable by iteration. In a Hence, new schemes are continually
public school, every boy is conscious of rising with plans for the removal of
this truth, because he sees it exemplified evils, and the improvement of the social
all around him; and, therefore, he feels state. These ephemeral pretenders to
not in the least disheartened by the extraordinary virtue and science would
rugged lessons which he has to learn, hardly deserve the least notice, were
but which he is sensible must be mas- it not that, in certain seasons, they mul-
tered before he can hope to stand as tiply so fast, and become so troublesome,
high as those above him, and who were as to endanger the public tranquillity.
once precisely in his own situation. Of late years, these pseudo philanthro-
The moral advantages of private tui- pists and affected patriots, have in-
tion, have been dwelt upon by several creased to a degree, beyond what might
writers, with so much pathos, as to cre- have been expected in an age that has
ate strong prejudices, in many parents, witnessed, more than any other, the
against public schools altogether ; but destructive effects of innovation. But
particularly those of royal foundation the experience of calamity is not always
and a collegiate character. It certainly a preservative against rashness, and they
would be unjust to censure those who who are fond of change, are not to be
have been induced by misrepresentation deterred by the miseries of revolutions,
to place their sons under a private instruc- Every thing of ancient establishment
tor, or in a seminary confined to a sclect is now become an object of suspicion,
number of pupils. But, whatever respect and compelled, like the females of former
may be due to the feelings and motives of times, to endure the ordeal as the test ot
those who prefer private to public edu- innocence. Not satisfied with the innu-
cation, justice, also, must be fairly ad- merable evidences of utility which our
ministered to the great schools, which public schools have exhibited for centu
are, thus, as it were, put to the ban, and ries, the inquisitors of this enlightened
declared unworthy of parental confi- era presume to have discovered that the
dence. If, indeed, these establishments world has been besotted by error, and
are such improper places for youth, as, that these seats of initiation, instead of
the interdict implies ;- if the mode of promoting true knowledge and virtue,
instruction in them be defective ;-and have continued from generation to ge-
the moral regimen corrupted, it is high neration, to
time that they should be visited with the Hurl dazzling spells into the spungy air.
most rigid severity ; since a continuance of power to cheat the eye with blear illusion.
of abuses in the nurseries of learning, And give it false presentments.
must, in the end, prove fatally injurious Were credit due to the reformers of
to the commonwealth.
these planet-stricken days, every public
But, before the edict is suffered to go school is an appendage to the court of
forth in visitatorial vengeance, let the Comus; where the understanding be-
accusation be specifically stated, and the comes furnished at the expense of moral
allegations clearly supported. Let not principles, and a progress in the classics
the public be inflamed to clamour and is counterbalanced by a proficiency in
outrage, by sweeping charges and decla- the theory and practice of vice.
matory invective, to which no answer But when the facts are called for, in


22
fFeb. 1,
On Sir Sam. Romilly's "Objections to Public Schools.
T
support of this black aspersion, the in- to commit the hopes of his family to the
quirer will be put off with an evasive at- same hazard. Such an act of infatua-
tempt to rivet the conclusion as a ne- tion is so totally at variance with every
cessary consequence of the system. And idea of prudence and self-esteem, that
yet, in spite of such logic, these reprobat- one may safely doubt whether even any
ed institutions, which, according to the man of the most depraved habits would
representation made of them, can send be guilty of it. To say that vice is un-
out nothing but a stream of depravity, known in public schools, would be as ab-
continue still distinguished by the worth surd as to maintain that there are no
of character and exalted talents perpe- blockheadis in them. In an aggregate
tually issuing from them into every of juvenile intellects there must of ne-
sphere of public life.
cessity be a mixture of good and bad,
This is a paradox not very easy of so- mild and mischievous boys, as well as
lution, even by those (Edipuises who can, those to whom nothing is difficult, and
with the dialectician of old, prove that others upon whom all labour will be
• light is darkness ;' and that good is spent in vain. But is there no depra-
evil. It would, however, completelyvity, and are there no dunces in private
nonplus even such sophists, to shew by seminaries? This will hardly be asserted
what means youths, vitiated in their by the sturdiest champions of this mode
nonage, become suddenly metamor- of tuition; and therefore the next ques-
phosed and purified in their manners, tion will be, whether vice is not more
after emerging from the sinks of iniquity likely to gain deep root in a state of
in which they were bred. A transmucomparative seclusion, than where it is
tation of this kind is little short of mira- scarcely possible to escape detection and
culous, and totally reverses what the to avoid punishment? In a public school,
wisdom of all ages bas taught us, that every boy stands continually open to the
Facilis descensus Averni
observation of his fellows, consequently
Sed revocare gradum, superasque evadere
the irregularities to which he is inclined
ad auras,
must soon become exposed, and, if re-
Hic labor, hoc opus est.
peated, will inevitably bring him to dis-
But there is still a more perplexing
grace. But let it be considered that
parodox behind; and that is the unac-
the aberrations to which youth is liable
countable attachment of virtuous and se
seldom approximate to any thing like
honourable men to the public schools in
enormity, for
which they spent their early days.
All's not offence that indiscretion finds,
Surely it is passing strange that minds Or rashness deems so.
acutely alive to all that is noble and of That excellent scholar and pious di-
good report, should continue through vinc, Dr. Barrow, was remarkable at
life to cherish a respect for institutions, school for pigilistic exercises, insomuch
where in their prime they witnessed that his good father used to say, he
scenes of turpitude, of which in manhood • hoped, if it pleased God to take any of
they must be ashamed. But to com- his children it would be his son Isaac;'
plete this climax of wonders, we find and yet this very Isaac proved the com-
persons of the purest character, the fort of his old age and the glory of his
most exalted sentiment, and religious family.
consistency, sending their own sons to What were the precise objections
the great national schools where they which Sir Samuel Romilly had against
were themselves educated. This last all public schools, and to the four which
circumstance, the truth of which cannot he has pamed, in particular, it would be
be questioned, is a riddle in human con- useless to conjecture. But as a lawyer,
duct that will defy every effort at expla- whose practice lay in a court of equity,
nation, upon the ground that the semi- he ought to have stated his reasons for
naries in question are deserving of im. the interdict, or expressed it in terms
peachment. Supposing these schools to less offensive to private feelings. He
be really such hotbeds of profligacy as could not speak on the subject from ex-
their enemies would make them out, and perience, because his own education was
as the clause in Sir Samuel Romilly's of a different description; and therefore
will more than insinuates them to be, it it behoved him, whatever might have
is marvellous that any man of common been his wishes in regard to his children,
sense and common decency, who has to have avoided throwing an odium
himself escaped the pollution of them, upon characters equal to his own in
should, in despite of experience, venture talent and honour.


18 19.]
23
The Lost Pocket Book ; or, New Pilgrim's Progress.
Out of the numbers of great men who packet of papers tied carefully up toge-
hare proceeded from the seminaries ther, with an old vellum covered pocket
which he has so unjustly stigmatized, book, full of meinoranda and loose scraps,
many of the brightest luminaries of his all of which he carried to the parish
own profession might be mentioned. I clerk, who is also the village smith, and
shall bere notice only four, because they the oracle of this part of the country for
all filled high judicial stations within his many wiles around. Honest Mulciber
own time, and of whom it may be said could make little of the contents, and
that they will be remeinbered and ad. after searching for bank-notes in vain,
duced as legal authority when the name the entire collection of manuscripts was
of Romilly shall be forgotten. At Eton, brought to me, in the hopes that I might
CHARLES PRATT, afterwards Earl be able to discover something as a clue
Cainden, received that education, and to the owner, or prove of substantial
imbibed those high principles which benefit to the finder. Anxious to do
enabled him to shine at the bar, in the justice in this case, I devoted much time
senate, and on the bench, with unsullied to the examination of the book and
reputation, and the greatest benefit to papers, but without meeting any thing
his country. His contemporary, WIL- to identify the loser; though every leaf
LIAM MORRAY, Earl of Mansfield, whose afforded evidence enough that the mis-
abilities and integrity, both as a lawyer fortune must have been sensibly felt.
and a statesman will not now be ques. After waiting some time, and making
tioned, was bred at WESTMINSTER, inany inquiries without effect, I gave the
where also his two successors in the title fellow a tritle to console him under his
received their scholastic learning. On disappointment; and now at the recom-
turning to WINCHESTER our attention mendation of a friend, who is somewhat
is at once arrested by the name of of an antiquary, I send you a portion of
BLACKSTONE, the elegant expositor of the contents of the pocket-book, which,
the laws of England; and, in visiting if you think fit to insert in your Maga-
HABROW, we stop for a moment to ad- zine, may be the means of ascertaining
mire a foundation, that, among other the person to whom the whole packet
bright characters, sent forth William ought to be returned. I had almost
Joxes; whose universality of knowledge forgotten to mention, however, that in
was only surpassed by the firinness of his the course of our inquiries, we learnt,
religious principles and the sanctity of that about the time when these papers
his manners.
were found, a portly personable man
Such are the samples produced by had been at several places on this road,
these soils of moral and intellectual cul- making many observations, and asking
tiration, which hare been represented as questions of the country people concern-
destructive of the seeds of morality, and ing the state of the poor, and the cha-
farourable only to useless weeds and racter of the rich; from all which it is
poisonous plants. To repel this base most likely that this traveller, whoever
and ungenerous accusation, it were easy he may be, is the rightful owner of the
to swell out a voluminous catalogue of packet, which may be had on describing
illustrious characters, dead and living, the particulars and remunerating the
whose virtues and talents reflect honour finder.
upon the academical institutions where The first page of the book presents
they were nurtured and fitted for the the following curious title: “ Notes of
church, the bar, and the state; but since my intended Pilgrimage, for 1818."--
these ancient foundations are assailed After this, on several leaves are written
with declamation instead of argument, down, in the form of an itinerarium, the
and comments supply the place of facts, names of places along the north road,
it is not likely that even such a body of with heads of queries for information
evidence would convince those men of about a varicty of things and persons.
their error, who being resolved to believe Then comes something like an Intro-
ill of what they dislike, are more deserve duction, written in a very crabbed hand,
ing of contempt than hatred.
and in an odd sort of style, but mani-
Jan. 8, 1819.
J. WATKINS. festly without any view to publication.
As part of this proemium may be amus-
THE LOST POCKET BOOK; OR, NEW ing to your readers, I have been at some
PILGBIDI'S PROGRESS.
pains in decyphering and making a
MR. EDITOR,
transcript ofit.
SOME time last autumn, a poor la “ The Pilgrim's, PROGRESS. -
bourer in my neighbourhood found a Walking, some time ago, through Chis-


24 The Lost Pocket Book; or, New Pilgrim's Progress. [Feb.),
well street, my eye was attracted by an In these attempts my fortune has been
old copy of this book, the most whimsi. pretty oddly chequered, and it must be
cal and popular, perhaps, of any in the acknowledged that the world has given
English language; not even excepting me more credit for the boldness of my
the far famed romance of Robinson designs, than the means employed in the
Crusoe. Not haring read honest John execution of them. But this must be
Bunyan's rhapsody since my boyish days, ascribed to certain narrow prejudices
when it both pleased and terrified me, inseparably connected with the anti-
I ventured to lay out a shilling in the quated and superstitious notions that
purchase of the tattered volume, which bave so long shackled great genius, and
no doubt must have seen as many pos- prevented enterprising ininds from act-
sessors as the work itself has impres- ing with the same freedom as they think.
sions.
It is plain that every man is his own
** As it has been an invariable maxim world, and consequently should be his
with me to turn every incident to some own legislator. The laborious com-
lucrative advantage, the idea revolved mentaries upon those artificial rules and
itself frequently in my mind what use distinctions, called the laws of nature
could be made of the old tinker's singu- and nations, have always appeared to my
lar production in the way of trade. This mind ever since its emancipation from a
is the age of fanaticism (said I to myself) slavish submission to old formularies,
and any thing new under the name of as arbitrary and unjust restraints upon
Bunyan must assuredly have a good sale; the kingdom of Selp or Me.
even though it should be as coarse in The honest tinker of Bedford seems to
its external garb as the “ effectual shove have had a glimmering of this light, but
to a heavy Christian." But, unfortu- unfortunately he lost it again, or rather
nately, these my speculative cogitations suffered it to lead him into the bog of
were dispersed by the reflection, that fanaticism, for the want of sufficient re-.
vouchers would be necessary for the au- solution to follow reason without any
thenticity of the book, and that at all other guide. The hero of his allegorical
events the saints would desire to see the tale is represented as breaking through
original manuscript. It then occurred every tie that could prevent him from
to me that my quondam agent, of Shak- pursuing the object of his fancy; and
spearian notoriety, might be able not thus far the example is deserving of
only to manufacture an autograph of imitation; for every society is made up.
Bunyan, but even to write a new Pil- of individuals, eacli of whom is a state
grim's Progress, as the completion of to himself. But then John's hero af-
the author's design. But this again terwards falls into a miserable course of
was hazardous; for though the dog has strange adventures and sufferings, by
genius enough, he is as slippery as an his scruples of conscience and the un-
eel, and as unsafe as a cullender. Many compliableness of his temper. All these
werc the schemes which this extraor- difficulties are described as necessarily
dinary book suggested to my imagina arising in the progress upon which the:
tion, but all of them fleeted away as fast pilgrim is bent, and which, it must be
as they arose, like unto a dream when confessed, is one of the most visionary
one awaketh from a troubled sleep. At that can enter into the human imagina-
length, when the fatigue of thinking pro- tion. Instead of directing all his pursuits,
duced peevishness, a sudden notion to personal enjoyment, or the advantage
sprang up in my fertile brain, and, like of the kingdom of Me, this bewildered.
Archimedes of old, the exclamation wanderer is figured as going out of Self,
escaped me, “I have found it."-" The and making sacrifices for the sake of a
title itself, said I, " is abundantly more reward soinewhere else. Here then is,
than sufficient to repay me for the shil an admirable hint for.“ A New Pilgrim's
ling which it has cost ine'; and thus the Progress" not an allegorical personifi,
tinker shall have the honour, of perfecting' cation of some poor hypochondriac trema,
what the cobbler began; for as I have, bling under imaginary terrors, but ex-
dived into the recondite mysteries of hibiting the real observations and re-,
nature, with the help of Jacob Behmen, flections of an active and free-thinking
Fwill clothe my discoveries in a popular spirit, who, in spite of nursery tales and
style after the manner of John Bunyan. priestly craft, is determined, by all the
From my youth upwards the spirit of arts that policy can devise, to make the
daring ambition has stimulated me to rest of the world tributary to his little
projects for the aggrandizement of my kingdom of individuality. In taking this..
napie, and the acquisition of an estate. retrogradation, indeed, a man must poss


Islo.)
The Lost Pocket Book ; or, New Pilgrim's Progress,
ses strong nerves or great cunning, be T his, I fear, is a pretty common case
cause he will either be obliged to trample with reformers, or at least it agrees with
fearlessly upon many old maxims that my experience. Having long since adopt-
hare obtained aniversal reputation as cd the Pythagorean doctrine, in regard
incontrovertible truths; or lie must con- to diet, it was may anxious wish to intro-
tinue to erade the practice of them by duce the same regimen into my house-
devices, which, though they cannot blind hold, but here I was doomed to encoun-
his own judgment, may be successful in ter the most inflexible opposition. Per-
imposing upon others.
suasion, intreaties, and menaces, have all
In representing a pilgrim as travelling proved ineffectual, and not a soul can I
to the kingdom of Me, nothing more is prevail upon by any means to forego the
meant than shewing that the nan so de savoury delights of ham and real, or
scribed is delivered from external obli- ducks and green peas. All my reason-
gations, and that he considers one object ing is whistling to the winds; and if I
alone as deserving of consideration. With evforce it by mandate, my olfactory
bin the world around is a common from nerves are sure to be tortured by the
whenee it is his business to gather every smell of a lainb's fry or liver and bacon.
thing for luis own benefit, provided it The other day a butcher's boy appeared
can be done without endangering his in- at the door with a fine sirloin in bis
diridual safety. Thus the intellect be- tray, whiclı, as being contrary to the
comes sharpened, and genius is elicited code I had established, was sent back
in a variety of ways.
again in no very civil terms to his mas-
Whether mankind arc exactly pre- ter. This disappointment diffused a
pared for a publication that tends so di- gloom throughout the house, and I had
rectly to the eradication of all supersti- the mortification to hear my son singing
tion is somewhat doubtful, especially all the rest of the day, “Oh the roast
when there are so many societies multi- Beef of Old England !" and when de-
plying in every direction for the circu- sired to be silent, the youngster had the
lation of works of an opposite charac- impudence to raise the ribald chant a
ter. On this account, perhaps, the most note higher, on purpose to plague me;
prudent course would be to attack old for which, in a momentary fit, I broke a
systems in detail, and that under dif- china jug of no small value upon his
ferent disguises. By beginning with pate, inade a large incision in his skull,
philosophy one may proceed successfully and had to pay a swinging bill to the
on to morals, politics, and crery thing surgeon, who, as I have every reason to
else by which the human mind has been believe, kept the wound open on purpose
bitherto governed, or rather enslaved. to increase the expense and my vexation.
Thus in taking a circuitous course On complaining of this uulucky busi-
through different branches of knowledge, ness to my rib, like Job's tender wife,
and demolishing the authority of names, she told me, “ that it was all of my own
the way will be prepared for a pilgrimage seeking ; that with liberty in my mouth
from Revelation to Reason, and froin I was a tyrant in heart; and that if I
Christianity to Common Sense.
had been a Christian, instead of a pre.
I had written thus far with a view to tended philosopher, it would have beon
the formation of some plan, on which better for the family :" with many more
to carry these crude ideas into execu- consoling reflections of a similar nature.
tion; when something occurred to dis- Provoked at these sarcastos, and not well
turb the chain of thought, and to give knowing how to reply, I muttered in a
me much vexation.
grumbling, under tone, “ Hang me if I
Old Bunyan, I cannot but think, was do not go on a pilgrimage ;" which effu.
plagued with a shrew, and children of the sion, instead of creating alarm or soften-
mawe humour, and this I infer from the ing matters, was received with a taunt-
picture of domestic unhappiness, which ing look, that said as much as a look
compelled his pilgrim to seek that tran- could say, “ You may gu to the Devil."
quillity abroad which he could not find .. .......
at home. T'he poor inan, it seems, endea. Here, Mr. Editor, the book exhibits
voured to bring over his wife and family an hiatus by cutting out sererill leaves,
to the same notions which he had himself after which follows an itinerary; front
imbibed; bnt all his efforts prored inef. whence I shall trouble you with occa-
fertual: and so, finding remonstrances sional extracts, if the prescat be deemed
of no use, be packed up his baggage and worthy of insertion in your nest. Number.
trudged away on foot from his natire
Joux TROTTER
village.
Ponder's End, Dec.9,18!8.
NEW MONTHLY Mag.- No.61. Vou. XI.


26 Remarkable Confession of a Condemned Malefactor. [Feb. 1,
REMARKABLE CONFESSION OF A CON. iniquity; as one guilty of incest, an in
DEMNED MALEFACTOR, AS DETAILED cendiary, and a murderer who had
* 'IN A LETTER FROM A CLERGYMAN actually committed these three horrible
IN* #:* TO HIS FRIEND AT * * *. crimes, for either of which justice had
tri (From the German.)
consigned him to a merited death, beore
YOU arc indced right, my dearest he reached his 230 year; even he, whoin
friend, in your assertion, that the nost the many openly abhorred-whom per-
pleasing, yet, alas ! too often, the most haps some, though but few, more hu-
afflicting duties of a christian ininister, mane and enlightened minds may have
are those of preparing the unhappy secreily pitied; even he possessed a noble
wreich, whoin the avenging arm of heart, tender feelings, and sentiments of
justice has doomed to expiate his crimes which you or I night boast-An asser-
by death, for his passage into another tion this, which may offend you, but
world. Should all our exercions prove which my melancholy relation will fully
fruitless -- should the malefactor (urn a jusíify.
deaf ear to our urgent remonstrances. About eight days have now elapsed,
and rush upon his fate with cold and since I received from the magistratcs of
hardened insensibility, what shuddering the neighbouring town, in consequence
sensations of horror does the scene of the sudden indisposition of the cler-
awaken in our hosoms. Even when he gyman there, the commission to prepare
listens to our exhortations with penitent for death a condemned malefactor, whose
grief, and appears to feel contrite devo- crimes I knew by report, and which had
tion, what anxious compassion -- yet been represented as of the most heinous
what tormenting uncerieints must 'we character. I will not deny that I
feel, whether these emotions are caused entered upon this duty most unwillingly.
by sincere conviction of his guilt, and --" Only iwo-and-twenty years of age,
repentance for his crimes. or by the ard already such a hardened threefold
dread of death alone. But, on the super! What contrition can be hoped
other band, low sweet is that delighaful for from a mind so early, yet so deeply
consciousness of having been the means sunk in vice how depravcd must his
of saving a fellow creaiure from ever soul have been from childhood--and
lasting perdition-what a divine forc- what true repentance can be wrought in
taste do we then enjoy of that momeri, such a man within the short space of
when, at our own 'anxious entrance eight days?" Such were my thoughts
'trembling into eternity, we pow blessed as I entered the prison.
'soul, springing to our einbrace. shall con- Lui bis first appearance softened iny
duct us to the throne of him who is sterger mood, and inclined my heart in
and was and is to be.
his favour. Through the disguise of
You will perhaps, ask, for what rel'on
neglecied, black and matted locks -
I now enforce these reflections? Ol! my through a compl
through a complexion readered sallow
best friend, never before did they present by grief and confinement through
themselves in such gloomy colours tu iny diri and squalid wretchedness, I could
imagination as at this moment-at chis
discern the lineaments of a mild, yet
awful moment--when I have but just manly countenance. Resignation and
quitted tle scaffold, sprinkled witi' the sorrow spoke fro'n his tearful eyes, and
blood of a youth, whose unhappy fate has the expression of his look was open,
niin wakened my tenderest and most heart. confiding, and friendly. With one glance
. felt sympathy :-one, wbo deserved to my previor's aversio:2 was vanquished,
have lived among the number of those and my address was more earnest than
few, yet noble souls, whose virtues, usual, even on such occasions.
· though unknown to the world, elevate “I doubt not, (said 1) but that you
them beyond its feelings and passions: guess the purport of my visit, and as
with whose singular destiny I am ac-
condently do I trust that it will not be
"quainted, even to his most secret faults, unplcasing, after so tedious a confine-
- and whom I have seen submit to bis ment, and so long an association with
doom with a heroism which deprived me jailors and tbeir prisoners, once more to
of all the firmness I had, with so much feel yourself in the presence of one,
difficulty, summoned for his support. whose heart compassionates and feels
di should he have failed in that terrible for you, and whose only wish it is to be
hour.
the bumble instrument of sweetening to
. Yes, my friend, even that unfortunate you the last dregs of life, and softening
being whom you will find described in the terrors of approaching death: and
the public prints as a monster of trebled to whom in confidence you may unre-


1819.] Remarkable Confession of a Condemned Malefactor..
servedly relieve yourself of the weight the noisy pleasures of the world ; and my
of guilt that must weigh heavy on your parents cherished me, on account of this
conscience."
exclusive attachment for my home, with
.] would pledge you my right hand, redoubled affection. In my seventeenth,
as a sign of my grateful welcome, (an- year I lose my mother. My father
swered he) were I not prevented by continued single for a considerable time
these chains. The society of my perse- Jonger, in content and happiress : be
cutors and of my jailors has, indeed, too was actually approaching his sixtieth
long been endured by me. Willingly do birthday, when he had the weakness to
I leave a world in which I never more fall in love (if, indeed, the passion could
can experience bappiness, and to which be so termed with the youthful daugh-
I owe that debt of life, I am now about ter of one of var neighbours, whose
to offer, as the just punishment of my only riches consisted in her extraordi-
misdeeds, and to serve as a warning rary beau'y and unsullied reputation.
to others. You tbink me, no doubt, He formally demanded her band of her
(added he, with a mournful smile, which parents: and the latter, who looked
pierced my very beari, as it waned upon luim as a thriving, wealthy trades-
· beneath the overmastering expression of man, compelled their child, partly by
mental agony,) you, think me, worthy threats, and partly by persuasion, to
Sir, no doubt, one of the vilest of cri- pledge her faith to bim, rather with her
minals?
lips than with her heart. The weddiog
I shrugged up my shoulders. “I day was already fixed, when my father
would fain think otherwise of you; but fell dangerously ill: he, however, soon
can I ?"
partially recovered, and although bis
. No, no, I confess it myself. My physician, and some still remaining weak.
soul is burthened with many crimes, and ness counselled delay, he paid but little
yet the Omniscient is my witness, that attention to either, summoned up all
the first cause of them was a passion, bis strength, and celebrated bis marriage
in its origin not only blameless, but even as well and as gaily as his situation per-
exalted. The world may believe me miited. But on that very day, whilst
what it will; I can endure its detesta- seated amid his friends, enjoying the
tion with patience, for the unbiassed delights of the festive board, he sud-
voice of my own conscience accuses me denly became so faint and ill, that ho
only of being one of the most upforiu- vas obliged to be carried from table to
nate of men. But, that my comforter his bed, from which he never again
in these last trying hours, that he who arose. He lingered in this state a whole
has, at his first entrance into my dun- year. And it is certain, incontestibly
geon, so compassionately anrounced hin- certain, that this ill-starred marriage
self as my frierd, may learn to know me never was consummated.
beiter ;-this do I more anxiously desire "Bleanwhile the maiden whom he
than to be justified in the opinion of all had espoused, assuined the name of his
the world besides: and the kindness, the wife, and in reward for the resignation
commiseration towards me, visible on and cheerfulness with which she sup-
· your countenance, assures me of your ported the toils, and fulfilled the duties
willing attention to my sad recital. of an affectionate and careful nurse, he
You may easily imagine, iny dear bequeathed to her by will his whole pro-
friend, how much my astonishment perty; and left me, his only son-against
and interest were auguented by such whom he had never had cause to utter
an address; and that even a feeling a single complaint--with the exception
of curiosity influenced my entreaties of my scanty legal portion, pennyless!
to bim to confide his story to me: which How much reason soever I might now
he immediately commenced in pearly the appear to have, to hate, or at least, to
following words: -
shun a person who had deprived me,
• My father was a respectable trades- almost in an unlawful manner, of a con-
man in this town, and I, his only son, siderable fortune -- the contrary feel.
was educated with all possible care, ing prevailed over my resentment. She
under his immediate inspection, to suc- was, as I have already observed, young,
ceed lim in his business. From my beautiful, of an irreproachable charac-
earliest years, my disposition was silent ter; mild and obliging towards every
and reserved, and the perusal of instruc- body, and from the first moment of our
tive and entertaining books, the dearest, acquaintance, peculiarly engaging in her
and almost sole employment of my behaviour to me. Little then aware of
leisure hours. I avoided, from choice, the reason, I yet sought her company


Remarkable Confession of « Condemned Mulefuctor. (Feb. 1, :
at every leisure lour-delighted in her a mere name would not be the insti.
conversation-often asked her opinion perablc barrier to the accomplishment of
on the concerns of the house, and soon our mutual wishes.
observed, with secret pleasure, that she • Her urgent entreaties, and the con-
was on her part anxious to obtain mine, fidence with which she adverted to the
even on trifles, and followed my advice latter alluring argument, finally over-
with the most scrupulous attention, powered my weak opposition. But by
Thus passed on some months, and I that holy name, before whose judgment :
thought not on the danger of our grow. seat I am about so soon' to appear, 1
ing attachment: but when she daily swear to you, reverend Sir, that nothing
became dearer to me, when no place passed between us, with which my
without her any longer had charms for conscience at that awful hour can re- .
me, and sleeping or waking, her idea proach me. A tender embrace, and
was constantly present to my thoughts; reciprocal assurances of attachment and
then, too late, I observed the flame that constancy, were all that I wished for .
glowed within my breast. Terrified at and attempted to obtain, or she per-,
the precipice on which I stood, and mitted,
resolved as much as possible to avoid At length my father expired; and
one who never could be mine, I should come weeks afterwards, she renewed 1
immediately have quitted my father's her entrcaties and persuasions for me
house, bad I not been withheld by the to procure legal advice for our guidance."?
dread of the comments my fellow citizens I dared not undeceive myself; but in 1.
would make upon my conduct-by whom proportion as my ardent love for her aug.
It might have been deemed the effect of mented, my once confident hope of ever »
anger against my parent for so unkindly possessing her hid declined. At length,
disinheriting me-by the present situa- trembling for her sake, and desperately
tion of affairs in our business, to the desirous of putting an end to the dis-, !?
prosperity of which my presence was tracting uncertainty in which I existed,
absolutely indispensable - and lastly, by I hastened to the nearest adyocate, and ;
the evidently approaching dissolution of unreservedly confided to liim every cir- ',
my still beloved father,
cumstance of our situation. He inspired
• However, I maintained, during some me with hopes; instantly dispatched a ;
time, my resolution of shunning her petition in my name to the High Eccle-
society; but no sooner was she aware siastical Court, for a dispensation; but,
of this, than, on the first opportunity, either from ignorance or carelessness,
following me to a sequestored part of for I would not willingly impute worse
the house, she implored me, with tears inotives to my countryman, he touched
in her eyes, to tell her the reason of so lightly on the important point of the
such an alteration in my conduct, for unconsummated, yet legally concluded,
which she had never intentionally given marriage, that a double motive and a'.
mc any cause. I stammered out some- dark artful design, were with too great
thing in the form of an excuse; but all seeming justice afterwards imputed to
that I could say, was by her gently, us on that account.
yet clearly refuted: and at last, as niy Imagine to yourself our transports
agitation encrcased, and some words es- of joy, when, at the end of three wecks,
caped me, which but too well explained we received the most ample permission
my real "feelings, she could no longer to marry; and from a state of torment-
restrain the impulse of her affection, ing anxiety, were at once elevated to the
but throwing herself into my arms, calm confidence of bliss in our approach-
avowed her 'attachincnt to me. This ing union. Can you doubt the purity .
erent put an end to all constraint on my of our attachment, when I affirm to
part, and no longer enduavouring to dis. you, by the Omnipresent Deity, that »
guise my love, I still forced myself to try notwithstanding this permission, not.
to impress on her mind the impossibility withistanding she was my very shadow,
of her ever being 'minė, and the absolute and watched cvery look of mine to obey
necessity of an eternal separation from it; though I'loved her with indescribable
her; and after an heart-rending effort, ardour, and thought of nothing, sought
burst from her in an agony of despair, for nothing, but how I might best pro-
But she cling to my arm, asserted that mote her happiness, and certainly might
she was but the legal, nominal, wife of with a word, have induced a woman -
my father; set before me the certainty who loved me far better than herself, to
of the speedy rentoval of that obstacle, dare every thing for my sake, I repeat.
and insinuated the delightful hope, that that more than four weeks went by. -
ག ་


1819.) : Remarkable Confession of a Condemned Malefactor,
20
vithout any thing more having passed living proof of our love, would pro-
between us, than we might, without cure a permission for our marriage,
hesitation, or the fear of blame, have sooner than all the advocates in Ger-
confessed to the severest inquisitor of many.
our conduct.
Of what use would it now be to me, .
• We now no longer kept our love or worthy Sir, to boast of a forbearance,
our intentions a secret from the world; which can no longer gain ine any ad-
but made open preparations for our ap. vantage, or avert my fate; but my own
proaching wedding, and by the singu- heart tells me, that eren this alluring
larity of the event, excited the curiosity sophistry would have failed to work it's
and attention of our neighbours, al- effect, had it not made a decper im
ready enrious of our felicity. The ma- pression on her mind than on minc.
gistracy interfered; commanded us to Her persuasions, arguments, and en-
postponc our marriage, and made a re. treaties, once more conquered my reso.
port of the whole affair to the Eccle- lution; and, fondly cherishing the --
siastical Court. God alone knows the pleasing anticipation of future happiness,
· reasons which induced them to resolve which her ardent imagination sugar
upon a new proceeding, which annulled gested, in a fatal moinent, we followed
their former decision : but sure I am, his rash counsel.
that the distraction of the unfortunate Whilst inwardly convinced of the
traveller, who feels himself reeling innocence and rectitude of our intenso
down the edge of an unfathomable tions, we indulged ourselves in a dream
precipice, can not be compared to mine, too blissful to be durable, she felt that :)
when I was summoned to appear before she was soon likely to become, a mother. «
them, and heard the overwhelming sen With a tender embrace, her eyes raised ,
tence which prohibited our union. And in gratitude towards heaven, she com-
then her tears, her grief, ber misery- municated this intelligence to me; at.
to deseribe our feelings, would be far tempted not to conccal her situation :
beyond my powers; I cannot, will not from her friends; on the contrary, pro.
do it-it would only give unnecessary claimed every where, that I was the
pain to your friendly heart, and shake father-that she never would acknow.
that resolution, which will, ere long, ledge any one for her husband but me,
be so necessary for my own support.' and that already, in the sight of God,
Here the unhappy man paused for she considered me as such, trusting that
some ininutes ;-tears no longer to be the event would facilitate the dearest
restrained, burst from his eyes ; and wish of her heart-our so long protract-
mine, I acknowledge, flowed freely : he ed union. In short, by the intentional
perceived them, gratefully pressed my publicity we gave to the affair, it quickly
offered hand, and continued his sad came to the knowledge of the magis.
tale.
tracy, who once more resolved to inter-
The deeree of the church ordered fere, and summoned us to appear before
us to remove to separate habitations, but them. Neither of us hesitated to con-
neither forbade my seeing nor conversing fcss the whole; and the natural, though
with my stop-mother, as she was now by us unforeseen consequence of our
denominated, as often as I pleased. avowal, was a fresh investigation, in-
All hope had not yet vanished, of once mediate separation, and imprisonment,
more changing our destiny by a new which however, was, for her mitigated
representation; and as my persuasions to confinement to her own house. Even
and arguments alone withheld the yet I believe, and my friend, the advo-
wretched girl from adopting the most cate before mentioned, confirmed me in
desperate measures; and my own min my opinion, that the whole might at :
sery found its only relief in her society, last have been happily brought to a con-
now become indispensable to my happi- clusion, had not an unexpected event
ness, I was by her side from morning confounded all who were favourable to
till night, yet still guiltless as ever. our cause, and plunged us in disgrace and
Alas! a neighbour, who was often misery.
with us, and who manifested real com “To be brief : she, to whom confine,
passion for our sufferings, had the im- ment and separation from me, were in i
prudence one day to say before us, that supportable, attempted to escape-was.
were he in my place, he would not scruple detected, brought back, and, notwith-
to pursue another course: that the standing her condition, treated with to
object of the Court was merely to extort inhuman severity. At this news, my ti
money from us, and that, in his opinion, a former patient endurance was changed


30
(Feb. 1,
Remarkable Confession of a Condemned Malefactor. "
into despair and madness. Flight and fore, and my death unavoidable; but
her deliverance, were, from that moeven this reflection strengthened my
inent, the sole and anxious objects of my desperate resolution, once more, to dare
thoughts; and, in the state of mind in all hazards-to succeed or perish. My
which I then was, I considered but how jailor belonged to that class of rough
to accomplish the first, without having hardened wreiches, in whosc, breasts
imagined the means by which I could every feeling of humanity seems totally
effect the second.
excinct. One day I surprised him asleep.
i contrived to make my escape unob- Despair gave me strength; I found
served, that very night; and I was means to yet rid of iny chaios, stole the
already beyond the walls of my prison, key out of his pocket, and was already
cre I reflected how I could succeed in half out of the door, when he awoke,
rescuing her, and carrying her off with and sprang furiously after me. I was
me. Whither we should flee, or how the younger, and, in the scuffle which
we should live, seemed at that moment, ensued, proved likewise the stronger.
trifles, which necessiiy would easily and I grappled with him, and seizing him by
quickly teach us. How to get to her the ihroat, fastened nin with so firma
was my only difficuliy. Were I once grasp to the wall, as to render it impos-
taken, noching could be more certain, sible for him to cry out for assistance. I
than that I should be closer confined then demanded of him to swear not to
than before, and deprived of every future betray my escape, but instead of reply-
chance of escape. What was to be ing, the wretch, vnperceived by me,
done for our preservation must be drew a knife from his poeket, with which
quickly done, as I could not assure my- he attempted to stab me in the back. I,
self that my absence would remain un- however, wrested it from him; and as
discovered another hour. Whilst a clearly perceived, that if he lived all
thousand plans, no sooner formed, than chance of saving my own life was lost, I
rejected, rushed across my mind, the buried it twice in his throat, left hjin
idea presented itself, of setting fire to dying on the ground, and fed. Again I
the house, or raiher woodea borel, in reached ber i adored in safety ; for she
which she was confined; and, amidst the was, I well knew, on accouut of her dan-
alarm and confusion this would occasion, gerous state, allowed to be at liberty on
to force my way to her, bear her through bail-and once more we resolved to fly
the flames, support her in our flight, together. But the retributive arm of
whilst my sirength sufficed, and to trust the avenger of blood was close behind
to circumstances for the rest. This pro- me- we were pursued, retaken, and
ject was no sooner conceived than exe- now, within a few days, an ignominious
cuted: a neighbouring lamp afforded and inevitable death awaits me. Oh
me fire, and the dry wooden work of the how welcome to me is its approach!-Is
house soon burst into a flame. I was, it possible, think you, I can regret to
unrecognized, among the first to give leave a world, which has brarded my
the alarm, rushed safely through the name with infamy, and heaped upon my
flames, and bore ber, half dead with soul an accumulated mass of the deepest
terror and surprise, beyond the city and most irremediable misery.
gates. But, alas, low seldom does our Here the unfortunate man concluded
strength second our will! The exertions bis history, and heroically bas he kept
I had already made-the weight of my his promise of patiently, yet firmly, sub-
beloved burthen--the length of the way, mitting to his fate. Oh! I could tell
and my own bodily weakness from long you much of his courage in the last aw-
confinement, overcame me about a mile ful hour-of his heart-rending interview
from the gates of the town, and I sank with his miserable wife-of his repent.
senseless upon the ground; exhausted ance, piety, and holy confidence of par-
by fatigue and loss of blood from a wound don, but you must forgive me if I break
I had received in my neck during the off this long leiter abrupily. This poor
fire. My unhappy partner attempted yoaih has become so dear to me, that I
to support me; but in vain ; her weak- can not think of him without tears; and
ness required assistance for herself. - if yours have not already fallen over his
Besides, we were already missed, our melancholy history, the blame must lie
pursuers arrived, secured us, and once upon the unskilfulness of my descrip.
more dragged us back to our prisons. tion, which may have weakened the in-
"I was now, as I had foreseen, and terest and compassion his unhappy fate
dreaded, more closely confined than be. would otherwise have excited."


1819.);
31
Some Account of the Life and Travels of U. J. Seetzen.
SOME ACCOUNT OF THE LIFE AND Olympus in Mysia, and determined the
TRAVELS OF MR. C. J. SESTZEN, ' geographical position of many points.
THE English, French, and Gerinan At Smyrna he met with several Euro,
papers have made frequent mention of peans, among whom were, the traveller
Mr. Sectzen, the traveller, whose pre- Bartholdy, the Prussian clergyman Usku,
mature death has excited the regret of who had travelled through Syria Palat-
all the friends of science ; and as his tine and Persia, and the Russian Prince
name is well known to our readers, we Oczakow, who hnd peneirated into the
doubt not but they will peruse with in- interior of Asia Minor, and of Egypt.
terest, some connected details of the un- Though abandoned by his companion
happily short career which he passed Jacobson, who could not bear the climate
through in a manner equally useful and of Asia, Seetzen proceeded on bis jour-
honourable.
ney. He quitied Smyrna on the 3d of
Mr. Seetzen was born in the princi- October, 1803, and with a caravan tra-
pality of East Friesland, in Wesiphalia, versed the defiles of Mount Taurus, and
and studied at Göttingen under the ce- arrived on the 23d of November at
lebrated Blumenbach. He had scarcely Aleppo. He stopped there more than a
left the university when he published year, and employed that time in the
several Essays on subjects of Natural study of the Arabic, in collecting Orien-
History, Statistics, and Political Eco- tal MSS. for the library of the Duke of
nomy, which did bim great credit. About Saxe Gotha, and in composing several
this time he conceived the project of meinoirs, which have been inserted in
visiting the East, and the interior of various German publications.
Africa, and prepared himself accordingly On the 9th of April, 1805, Mr. Seet-
for that great enterprise. In 1894 he zen went to Damascus, where he was
published his project, and inserted in a very well received by a French physician
German journal, a memoir on the man of the name of Chaboceau. Being suf-
ner of rendering such a journey useful ficiently master of Arabic to Jispense
to Science. The Dukes, Ernce and Ain with an interpreter, he was able to pene-
gustus of Saxe Gotha facilitated the exe- trate into various parts of Syria and
cution of his project; in the first place, Palcsiine, which no European had yet
by supplying him with some instruinents traversed ; and to visit, with advantage,
of which he had need to make astrono. those countries formerly so rich and so
mical observacions; and, in the second, celebrated when the ciries of Philadel-
by allowing binn, for the whole time of phia, Gadara, Gerassa, Capitolias, Pella,
lis absence, a considerable pension, part &c. flourished. Having pui on the
of which was destined to pac his ex- Arab dress, and assured the name of
pences, and the oiher part to purchase Misa, Seetzen set out from Damascus
objects that mighi be interesting for the on the 1st of May, 1805, aceompanied,
arts and sciences.
sometimes by Greeks, sometimes by
It was in the monih of August, 1802, Druses, sometimes by Mahometans,
that Mr. Seeizen set out on lis journev, and often alone, because nobody was
accompanied by one of his countrymen willing to expose himself with him to be
of the name of Jacobson. He proceed- molested by the Bedouins. On the fifth
ed by the way of Vienna, Pesth, Ga- day of his journey he was suddenly sur-
latza, and Bucharest; passed Mount roaded by a troop of Arab horsemen,
Hæmas, and arriied on the 12th of De- and would infallibly have been plundered
cember at Constantinople. The ambas- had not the portable medicine chest,
sadors of the European powers received which he had among his effects, caused
him kindly, and showed themselves in- him to pass for a physician. He saw
clined to favour the continuation of his the provinces of Trachonitis and Aura-
journey. The Russian counsellor of niiis, so famous in the time of the Ro-
state, Mr. Frodiag, who had long resid- mans, and went as far as the eastern
ed at Mocha in Southern Arabia, and extremity of the Hawran, iphabited by
the learned Orientalist, Mr. Joseph Von the Druses. The number of inscriptions
Hammer, furnished him with very nu- and of ruins which he met with exceeds
merous and useful notices, respecting all conception. On a small extent of
the countries be intended to visit, which ground he found fourteen témples of
contributed materially to the success of Roman construction, an amphitheatre in
his researches. After a stay of six months pretty good preservation, an aqueduct,
at Constantinople, Mr. Seetzen quitted twenty leagues in length, ancient mau-
that city and proceeded by land to soleums of the form of those at Palmyra,
Smyrna; he visited on the way Mount three gates of a city of great beauty,


32 Some Account of the Life and Travels of U. J. Seelzen. (Feb. Le
and many of the ruins which seem to date church, advised him to throw aside every
from the times of the Greek emperors. thing that might tempt the cupidity of
The houses in this country are all built the Arabs, if he wished to continue his
of Basaltic stones; and those black journey to the east of the Jordan and
masses in the midst of a country desti- the Dead Sea. He therefore wrapped
tute of trees and shrubs have a singular himself in a ragged blue linen shirt, and
appearance. The inscriptions which in an old robe-de-chambre; and having
Mr. Seetzen copied are all in Greek, and covered his head with a wretched cotton
they will certainly throw much light on handkerchief, in this costume traversed
the ancient prosperity of those countries those inhospitable countries, barefoot,
as well as the causes of their decline and sleeping, for the most part, in the
In the month of June, 1805, Seetzen open air. To add to the misfortune,
returned to Damascus. After a short it was precisely the season of the great
stay in that city he again set out, to visit fast, so that Mr. Seetzen, wishing to
successively the heights of Lebanus, the pass for a Greek Christian, was obliged to
famous forest of Cedars, the magnificent live entirely upon bread and oil. Among
ruins of Balbec, the temple of Venus the curiosities which he remarked in
Aphacita, situated near the source of this excursion, we will mention the
the river Ibrahim; which temple was caverns hollowed by the hand of man, so
destroyed by Constantine, with many common to the province of El Botthyn,
other monuments ot antiquity hitherto and a little tribe, who have no other
unknown. He saw, among others, an dwellings than these subterranean caves,
inscription carved in the rock, near the But the most interesting discorery
mouth of the river Kelb (the Lycus of which he made, was that of the mag-
the ancients) which proves that it was nificent ruins of Dschevrasch, the an-
Marcus Aurelius who had the hanging cient Gerasa, near the village of Szuf,
road made which runs along the sea-side twenty leagues to the south of Damas-
at this place. It is to be regretted that cus. These ruins, according to his de-
Mr. Seetzen was not provided with a scription, are not inferior to those
barometer, that he might have deter. Palmyra and Balbeck. Not to men-
mined the height of Mount Libanus, tion innumerable fragments of columus,
respecting which we have not at present temples, and palaces, Mr. Seetzen saw
any sure data; it must be considerable, there two superb amphitheatres of mar-
since under a latitude of about thirty ble, three temples, a beautiful gate of
degrees the snow upon its summit re- a city, a piece of wall, of an enclo-
mains unmolested the whole year sure a league in length, and a great
through. In traversing Libanus and street, having on each side a row of
Antilibanus, Mr. Seetzen saw two curi- columns of the Corinthian order; one
ous convents, that of Kussheja, inhabited end of which joins a semicircular place,
by Maronite monks, where there is a surrounded by sixty columns of the
Syriac printing office, and that of Mâr- Ionian order. "Unhappily, Mr. Seetzen
Juhanna-Schuvoier, of the Greek reli- could not remain long enough among
gion, which possesses an Arabic printing- these precious ruins to examine them
office.
in detail: it is to be hoped that another
After he returned to Damascus, Mr. will finish what he has so successfully
Seetzen made preparations to visit the begun. Amman, the ancient Philadel
east bank of the Jordan and of the Dead phia, whose origin is, probably, more
Sea, as well as the provinces, which, in remote than the time of the Romans,
the time of the Romans, bore the names was also found by our traveller to con-
of Moabitis, Ammonitis, Galaditis, Amo- tain a great number of fine ruins, which
ritis, &c. His friends in vain dissuaded would deserve to be investigated with
him from this journey as extremely dan- care.
gerous ; he persisted in his project, and a In a place called Es Szalt, the beaut-
merchant of Damascus, who had traded tiful vegetation of which is the more
for thirty years with the Arab tribes, striking, as the environs are sterile de-
offered to serve him as a guide. On the serts, Scetzen became acquainted with
19th of January, 1806, he left Damas- an Arab poet, who recited to him a
cus, dressed as an Arab Sheik, and pro- poem of his composition, in which,
ceeded on his journey. After having during the French invasion of Syria, he
visited Hasbeia, Cesarea, and the lake of had invited the Christians of that coun-
Tabarieh, or Tiberias, he arrived at the try, to join the standard of Bonaparte.
village of El Hossn, the inhabitants of M. Seetzen afterwards traversed the
which, who are Christians of the Greek frightful rocks and precipices which are


1810.). Some Account of the Life and Travels of U. J. Seetzen. 33
on the east and south banks of the Dead west, afforded Mr. Seetzen great facili-
Sea; and after eight days, passed in fa. ties in getting acquainted with the dif-
tigues and dangers of every description, ferent dialects of the Arabic language,
he arrived, on the 7th of April, at the in procuring information respecting the
couvent of Terra Santa, at Jerusalem, regions of Asia and Africa which ho
where he was welcomed with the great proposed to visit, and in collecting many
est hospitality. On the 25th of Mayoriental M.SS. as well as a vast number
left Jerusaleio, went to Jaffa, and thence, of valuable articles, relative to the sci.
by sea, to Acre ; where be remained till ences of Antiquities, Mineralogy, Bo.
the end of the year, employed in drawing tany, and Zoology.
up his journal, arranging his collections. In the month of May, 1808, Seetzen
and making preparations for a new visited the province El Feium, the py-
journey to the south of Arabia. It ap- ramids of Gizeh, the grottoes of the
pears that, in the interval, be maile a mummies, near Sacara, and the great
second excursion through the eastern lake situated near Birket-el-Koerra: on
parts of Syria and Palestine. At least, his return to Cairo, he publicly em-
he wrote a letter to one of his friends, braced Islamisin, the only means of being
dated Acre, Nov. 3, 1806, in which he able to visit, without danger, the holy
said: “ Within three days from this cities of Mecca and Medina; as well as
time I think to recommence my travels: all the provinces occupied by the Wecha-
I shall go first to Nazareth, Thabor, bites.
Nablos, Jerusalem; I shall again go After an abode of about two years at
round the Dead Sea; I shall go to Beth- Cairo, during which Mr. Seetzen made
lehem and Hebron, and thence I shall such progress in the study of the Arabic,
proceed, by a new route, across the that in the sequel he was frequently
desert, towards Mount Sinai; whence taken for a native of Arabia, he res
I shall pass on to Suez and Cairo.” turned to Suez; and, in this journey,
The details of this journey are com- made himself acquainted with the cer-
pletely unknown to us; according to all tainty of the existence of the ancient
appearance, the letters in wbich he gave canal, which joined the Nile with the
an account of them are lost. We first Red Sea. The bed of this canal is from
find our traveller again at Jerusalern, at one hundred and fifty to one hundred
the moment of his departure for He- and eighty feet in breadth: it begins at
bron, on the 15th of March, 1807. In the north part of the Gulf of Suez, goes
this last town be sought for a guide, to in a northerly direction towards the
conduct him across the desert: a Be- Lake of El Memlahh, situated nine
douin agreed to do it, but not without leagues from Suez, and traverses a long
many difficulties; and Mr. Seetzen set and narrow valley: it probably joined
out on the 27th of March. Several days the Nile near to Birket-Hudseh."
were spent in passing the mountain of On the eve of his departure for Arabia
Ti (called in the Bible Seir) and after a Deserta and Arabia Felix, Mr. Spetzen
march of twelve days, during which he wrote to one of his friends in Europe
had not met with a single habitation, or a the following letter :-“The dangers of
human being, be arrived at the convent the journey I am going to under-
of St. Catherine on Mount Sinai. He take are represented to me, as very
staid there ten days, ascended to the formidable ; I am told that the Wecha.
suminit of Mounts Horeb and Sinai, and bites, masters of Akaba, and Moileh,
the mountain of St. Catherine. He massacre every person whom they con-
determined, by astronomical observa- sider as an infidel; and people pro-
tions, the situation of the convent, and phecy me nothing but misfortunes. I
collected a great deal of curious informa- cannot dissemble to myself, that the
tion respecting those countries, which dangers to which I am going to expose
are so interesting in the history of the myself are very great: but when I think
human race. - Towards the end of April, on the fine discoveries whicll await me
Seetzen quitted Mount Sinai, and re-- at Aileh, Assium, Taraum, Median, &c.
paired, first to Suez, and then to Cairo, I do not hesitate to brave them."
where he again found all the enjoyments In fact, he set out on the 19th of
of civilized life, in the house of Mr. Ro. May for Akaba and Wady-Musa; but
setti, the consul general of Austria. . he could not penetrate to those two
The city of Cairo being a place of places, because the Bedouins hindered
passage and of rendezvous for numerous him from continuing his route “Is
caravans, both of merchants and pile not be," said one of them to Seet."
grims, coming from the east and the zen's guide, “the Christian why for"
New MONTHLY Mag.- No. 61. VOL. XI.


34
Some Account of the Life and Travels of U. J. Seetzen. [Feb. 1,
a long time past has been hovering over take the plan of the city, and the map
our country in all directions? You are of the environs, as well as to draw six-
wrong to introduce him among us: he will teen different views of the holy mosque.
bring us nothing hut misfortunes. He He also determined, by astronomical
is the same man who came from Syria observations, the situation of Mecca ;
two years ago, who was always writing, and was assisted in this operation by a
and whose enchantments are the cause native of the country, who was at once
that no rain now falls in our country, an astrologer, a grocer, a mathemati-
and that we are perishing with drought; cian, a maker of almanacks, and a ca-
advise bim to withdraw from these parts, suist.
if he will not be the victim of his teme. In the month of March,1810, Mr.Seet-
rity."
zen returned to Djidda, and set out for
Mr. Seetzen was thus obliged to re- Yemen, accoinpanied by a well informed
turn to Suez; he again left it a short Arab. They went by water to Hodede,
tine afterwards, and went by sea to thence continued their journey by land,
Tenbua and Djidda, two ports in the and visited successively Bet-el-fakih,
Red Sea. There he assumed the dress Sebid, the coffee plantations of Hadije,
of a pilgrim, and repaired to Mecca, to Kusma, Doran, Sana, Taes, Aden, and
pass the month of Ramadan, or the Mocha; in this last city, Mr. Seetzen
great fast. “I have goue seren times had the pleasure again to meet with
round the Kaaba," he wrote to one of Europeans:--Captain Rudland, Dr.Bar-
his friends; “I have devoutly kissed the thow (a physician), and Mr. Benzoni, a
black stone; I have seven times per- merchant. The letter which he wrote
formed the sacred course from Szoffa from Mocha to Mr. Von Lindenau, dated
to Merruch; then I had my head shaved; Nov. 17, 1810, is the last that was re-
and I have obtained permission to lay ceived froin him. The following is the
aside my pilgrim's habit, and to resume conclusion of it:-“ If the collection of
my usual dress."
curiosities which I have prorured at
In the month of November, Seetzen Cairo, arrives safe in Europe, I hope
returned to Djidda, where he purchased that the long stay I have made in that
several curious M.SS. Early in Ja- city will be approved of, and I also
nuary he made a second pilgrimage flatter myself, that my journey to
to Mecca, of which he speaks in his let. Arabia will not appear useless. I have
ters in the following manner:~"'This still to examine in this country, the
city presents now a very different scene Provinces of Hadramut and Omar, as
from what it did at the fasts of Rama- well as the South Coast from Aden to
dan. All the streets are crowded with the Persian Gulf; and I intend to set
people. More than a thousand make at out upon this expedition in a few days.
Once the tour round the Kaaba, and kiss I shall go first to Sana, to buy some
with fervour the black stone. The more important manuscripts, which are
crowd is such, that one is every moment destined to enrich the library of the
in danger of being suffocated: and, Duke of Saxe Gotha. I shall see the
when once borne away by the torrent, city of Mareb, and the famous dyke near
it is absolutely necessary to follow it. that town: then I shall visit some ports
We see here united, Arabs of the pro- on the Arabian Sea, situated more to the
vinces of Hedscha, Yemen, Hadaamut, east. I shall endeavour to obtain some
and Oman; Wechabites from Nadsched; information respecting the language
Moors and Negroes from the interior of of the Bedouins of Mehra; I shall
Africa; Persians, Afghans, Indians, in- then penetrate into the province of
habitants of Java, Tartars, and Turks. Oman, and shall return by sea to
One must have been a spectator of this Mocha. My desire of becoming ac-
pilgrimage, to form an idea of the reli- quainted with the interior of Africa, is
gious enthusiasm of the Musselmen." still as ardent as when I first announced
Mr. Seetzen having been admitted by my project of visiting it: if I live, I
an inhabitant of Mecca to the greatest think to undertake this journev as soon
intimacy in his family, was initiated into as I have returned from my tour in
all the mysteries of Islamism. He staid Arabia, and I hope that the mask of
more than two months at Mecca, em- Islamism will prove as useful to me
ployed in drawing views of the environs. there, as it has hitherto been."
It was not easy to conceal this operation After this letter, written from Mo-
from the eyes of Musselmen. However, cha, which was received in Europe in
he succeeded in doing so. Though in- 1811, several years elapsed, without any
cessantly observed, he found means to information respecting the fate of Mr.


1819.)
35
Some Account of the Life and Travels of U.J. Seetzer.
Seetzen. In 1915, Mr. Buckingham, an bined courage with perseverance; and
English traveller, communicated the fol- who to all these advantages joined the
lowing particulars to Mr. Von Ham- quality of Haggi, that is to say, a pil-
mer:-During his journey from Djidda grim who has visited the holy cities,
to Mocha, Mr. Seetzen had obtained which makes him who bears that title,
several manuscripts, and many objects an object of veneration to all Mussel-
of natural history, which he intended to men.
send to Europe. He had scarcely ar- Short as the career of Mr. Seetzen
rived at Mocha, when the Dola or Go- has been, yet what he has accomplished,
vernor of that city seized on his col- places him on the list of the most cele-
lections, which he thought contained brated travellers. His numerous astro-
treasures. Having found nothing in pomical observations serve to determine
them to tempt his cupidity, he sent more exactly the geographical position of
them to the Iman of Sana, on the several cities of Syria, Palestine, and
pretext that the owner made use of them Arabia ; the map of the Dead Sea and
for magical operations. Mr. Seetzen, its environs, which he has drawn, gives
after having in vain solicited the Dola us a clear idea of a country, concerning
to have his collections returned, resolved which we know so little. The discovery
to apply in person to the Iman of Sana, of the ruins of Dscherrasch and of
and set out in the month of October, Philadelphia, opens a new career to
1811. A few days after his departure, Archæologists; and the inscriptions
information was brought to Mocha, by he has brought from them, will pro-
the Arabs who accompanied him, that he bably throw new light on the history of
had died suddenly at Taes; and that those eminent cities. The accounts
according to all appearance, he had been wbich he gives of Damascus, Acre,
poisoned by order of the Iman. Mr. Cairo, Suez, Djidda, Sana, and Mocha,
Seetzen, before he left Mocha, had en- and above all, of the holy cities Mecca
trusted his most important papers to and Medina, which are accessible only
Mr. Benzoni, who was to forward them to Musselmen, are more circumstan-
to his patron, the Duke of Saxe Gotha: tial than any that we yet possessed :
but by a fatality which it was impos- the information respecting the map-
sible to foresee, Benzoni, being seized ners, customs, and laws of the Arab
with a mortal disease before he could tribes, as well as the topography of the
execute his commission, delivered his inhabitants, and the government of the
papers to a chief of Bainans, in the central provinces of Africa, which he
service of the English East India Com- collected, either by his own observations,
pany: the Dola was informed of it, and or in his conversations with travellers
took them from him, so that we must from those countries, greatly enrich
consider the Journal of Mr. Seetzen's geography; lastly, the oriental manu-
Journey in Arabia, and the collections scripts, as well as the antiquities and
which he made there, as lost to us. natural productions which he has sent
Other travellers have pretended, that to the Duke of Saxe Gotha, furnish
Mr. Seetzen was still alive, in the hands highly valuable materials to those who
of the Iman of Sava; but their accounts desire to study the languages and natu-
merit little confidence, since eye wit- ral history of the East.
nesses have attested his death; and it is. Some of Mr. Seetzen's letters to
besides, not probable, that the iman of Messrs. Von Zach, Hammer, and Lin-
Sana would have ventured to keep so depan, have been published in several
long in prison a Musselman, who was German Journals. From them we have
known to have made the pilgrimage to extracted many of the details contained
Mecca.
in this short sketch of his life. Mr.
The name of Seetzen must therefore Seetzen's Journal from the moment of
be added to the list of martyrs to the his first setting out in 1802, till his de-
love of knowledge. His death is a parture from Cairo in the month of
great, and probably, irreparable loss. April, 1809, put in order by himself, is
What might we have expected from a in the hands of his family, who, it is
journey into the interior of Africa, in- said, intend to pablish it.
dertaken by a man thoroughly acquainted Our readers will most certainly join
with all the dialects of the Arabic lan- in the wish, that this intention may be
guage, who was inured to fatigue, whom speedily carried into execution; but we
an abode of nine years in the East, had are sorry to say, that we have not yet
rendered familiar with the manners and seen in the German Journals, any ad-
customs of the Musselmen-who com- rertisement of the publication of that
T


36 On the Language in which an Historian should write. [Feb. 1,
part of the fruits of Mr. Seetzen's la- Dr. ****. That may be, my Lord,
bours, which has been preserved. To that may be; but notwithstanding this,
the above sketch, which, though imper- you will excuse me, if I maintain, that
fect, is, howerer, authentic, and the your countrymen are still, generally
only connected account yet published in speaking, far from possessing a true
this country, of the labours of this per- relish for the works of the ancients;
severing and intelligent traveller, we and will, probably, remain so as long as
have only to add, that the last letters vour historians continue to compose in
from Vienna state, that circumstances English only.
have transpired, which have given rise Lord C. In English only? I fear I
to a hope, that a large collection of do not perfectly comprehend vou. In
valuable articles, sent by Mr. Seetzen, what other language should an historian
will be recovered, which have hitherto, write? Do any of your's compose in
whether by accident or design, been Greek or Latin?
detained, on their way to the place of Dr. ****. Alas! herein consist my
their intended destination.
fears for the future. Formerly, my
Lord, formerly they did so; but for
MR. EDITOR,
the last thirty years, this excellent
TO those of your readers who are custom bas gradually been neglected by
sufficiently versed in German literature, thein. And now, most uncontrover-
to be aware of the revolution which has tibly, we have much degenerated since
taken place among the men of letters in the times of Melancthon, Leipsius, and
that country, since the middle of the Camerarius--that golden age is past,
last century, the inclosed conversation, never to return.
which is stated as having actually oc- Lord C. (smiling). But are there not
curred, inay not be uninteresting; as still many among you who persevere in
presenting an example of the prejudices using the ancient languages?
which kept the Gerinans so long desti. Dr. ****. Oh yes! heaven be prais-
tute of works in their own language, ed ! we have yet some excellent Latin
by which alone a national literature writers left.
can be formed, and debarred them L ord C. And pray can any of these
from assuning that rank among the excellent Latin writers make their own
nations of Europe, to which the later shoes?
exertions of Gothe, Wieland, Lessing, Dr. **** (contemptuously). What
&c. have so worthily exalted them. S. makes you ask such a strange question?
ON THE LANGUAGE IN WHICH AN Lord C. Or can any of them stitch
HISTORIAN SHOULD WRITE. the leather for their own boots?
(From the German.)
Dr. ****. For heaven's sake! my
DURING a short residence at L***g, Lord, what can you he aiming at?
Lord Clarke was introduced to a gen- Lord C. And yet they write good
tleman, who then enjoyed the highest Latin?
reputation among the literary circles of Dr. ****. Undoubtedly: but what
Germany. In the course of the conver- connexion can there be betwcen writings
sation, which turned upon ancient lite- Latin and making shoes ? I am quite
rature, his Lordship evinced such an in the dark.
intimate acquaintance with the writings Lord C. Oh! nothing can be clearer,
of the sages of Greece and Rome, that Dr. The rich and noble are the only per-
Dr. * * ** catching his hand, enthusi- sons among us who are enabled to devote
astically exclaimed, “How delighted I their youth to study. Their exertions
feel at having met with one of your rank are directed to the discovery of the
in life, and who is, inoreover, an Eng- hidden causes of the operations of na-
lishman, yet, who unites an ardent lore ture, of the springs of human actions and
for the learning of the ancients, with so events, to the removal of injurious pre-
clear a judgment and perception of their judices, the annihilation of errors, and
beauties!"
the enforcing of moral and religious
Lord C. Many thanks for your kind truths. By their labours, the groat
partiality, Dr. ****, but your admi- actions of our ancestors are preserved
ration, though it flatters, somewhat for the instruction and incitement of our
surprises me. These are but our school youth, and the events now passing in
studies. Every Englishman, if not ab. the great theatre of the world, are
solutely destitute of industry and abi. transinitted for the benefit of posteritv.
lities, gains this knowledge in the course In short, their lives are devoted to the
of his education in our colleges.
study of sciences requiring reflection,


1$19.)
37
Biographical Notice of Sir Peter Leycester.
investigation, and judgment, and en- to confer reciprocal benefits. But
tailing 10 small degree of expence. if our literati were to persist in com-
Their end is to instruct their fellow- posing in a language, of which the body
creatures, and, more especially, that nu- of the nation are ignorant, would they
merous proportion of them, whose time deserve that the latter should labour for
is chiefly occupied in trade and manual them? Thus, Dr., do the British think;
labour; by giving to the world the re- thus do they act; and I have too high
sult of their enquiries, and by making an opinion of the good sense of the
them wiser to inake them better. Now Germans, not to anticipate their appro-
if this result be not conveyed in a lan- bation and imitation. Besides, we con-
guage comprehensible by that class, their sider the improvement of the lower
aim and end are totally defeated. If classes to be at once the best safeguard
they use the learned languages at all, to our revered constitution—the most
they contine them to such works as can acceptable acknowledginent we can make
be useful to the learned only. For these to our Creator, of our gratitude for the
Jaudable intentions, for these real ser- advantages he has been pleased to con-
vices, and not for mere lucre alone, do fer upon us-the surest barrier against
our free born peasantry toil for our anarchy, and as affording a far nobler
benefit and convenience; and willingly and purer mental gratification, than the
afford us that leisure of which we stand often misplaced applause of a dazzled
in need, 80 long as we continue world.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE OP SIR PETER LEYCESTER, THE CELEBRATED
ANTIQUARY,
With a view of Tabley House, his Seat.

AN
M
INE
Sir PETER LEYCESTER was a man of Sir Peter was born on the 3d March,
persevering activity, as an antiquary, 1614, and Married Elizabeth, the third
and his name is fondly interworen with and youngest daughter of Gilbert, Lord
the history of his native county. His Gerard, of Gerard's Bromley, in Staf-
family was ancient, and truly respect- fordshire, by Eleanor, daughter and sole
able, he being descended from Sir Nicho- heiress of Thos. Dutton, of Dutton, esq.
las Lercester, Knt. Seneschal to Lacy at whose seat the marriage was solemn-
Earl of Lincoln, and constable of Ches- ized on the 6th Nov. 16-12. On the 10th
ter, in the reign of Edward I. who be- Aug. 1660, he was created a baronet,
cainc possessed of the village of Nether and in 1673, published his “ Historical
Tabley, by marriage with Margaret, Antiquities, in two books, the first treat-
widow of Robert de Denbigh, and ing in general of Great Britain and Ire-
daughter of Geoffry Dutton, ancestor to land ; and the second containing parti-
the Warburtons of Ailey, lately extinct cular Remarks concerning Cheshire,
in the male linc.
faithfully collected out of authentic


38
[Feb. 1,
Biographical Sketch of Sir Peter Leycester.
Histories, old Deeds, Records, and Eri- and then I caused him to print this Latin
dences; “whereunto is annexed, a tran- dedication of my owne, whiche he did,
script of Domesday Book, so far as it and sent me some of them downe; pro-
concerneth Cheshire; taken out of the misinge me withall to insert this, and not
original record.” This book was printed the other, into all the reste of my bookes
in folio, and as a motto on the title page then not sold of-but I see he juiles my
is-
expectation.-P. L."
“ Frustra fit per plura, quod potest fieri Sir Peter is not the only author who
per pauciora."
has made this discovery, when too late
The work is curiously arranged ; the in- to apply a remedy!
troductory chapter, containing a genea. The fact, of the substitution of the
logical descent of the different nations of dedication, is not, I believe, known-at
the world from the sons of Noah, and least not to the literary world. It is a
the general History “ of Brettaine"-of curious circumstance, and worthy of
the Romans, and Saxons, and Normans being recorded.
-of Wales -of Scotland-of Ireland. This work of Sir Peter's gave rise to
Cheshire-of the Earls of Mercia- a long controversy with Sir Thomas
the Earls of Chester-the great officers Maynwaring. The Mainwarings claim
of the Palatinate-the Antiquities of descent from the ancient Earls of Ches-
the Hundred of Bucklow, &c. &c. ter, by the marriage of one of the family
The copy which I possess, was, I be- with Amicia, daughter of Hugh Ceivi-
lieve, that of the author: it was printed lioc, about the year 1170. In his ac-
for Robert Clavell, and has an En- count of the Earls of Chester, Sir Peter
glish dedication--" To his Most serene gives an unequivocal opinion as to this
and most excellent Majesty Charles II. said Amicia : “ If Hugh Ceivilioc (he
by the Grace of God of Great Britain, observes) had no other wife but Bertred,
France, and Ireland, King, Defender of then Amice must certainly be a bastard,
the Faith, &c. this volume of Historical for she was not a daughter by Bertred,
Antiquities is, with all humility, dedi- as is granted on all sides. But Hugh
cated by his Majesties most loyal and Ceivilioc never had any other wife but
most obeclient subject, Peter Leycester." Bertred : ergo, Amice was a bastard."
It would appear, however, as is fre. This stigma on the family blood could
quently the case in these days, that the not be borne by Sir Thomas ; he there-
author and his publisher disagreed; for fore published “A Defence of Amicia,
I find written on the back of the title daughter of Hugh Ceivilioc, Earl of
page the following address and observa- Chester, wherein it is proved she is not
tion18_
a bastard." To this Sir Peter replied,
► Augustissimo ac Potentissimo Principi,
in “ An Answer to Sir Thomas Mayn-
Carolo secundo, Dei gratiâ Magne Bre-
waring's book, entituled,' A Defence of
tanniæ Ffranciæ, et Hibernice Régi, ffidei Amicia, &c. London, 1673, 8vo." Three
Defensori, &c.
of these pieces of genealogical artillery
" Author ipse, non nisi Pace vestrå Re- were fired on each side, but without ei-
gali prius impetrata, se soumo. librum ther party retreating from his first posi-
ad pedes Majestatis vestræ omni cum humi- tion. Ballads were circulated through.
litate provolvit; quippe-qui sub vestris out the county, ridiculing this war of
dum prodeat alis, tutior vagetur per terras :
pamphlets; and, at last, the matter was
Opus sanè tantæ Maiestati impar ; utpote
brought fairly into a Court of Law. A
cujus summi Imperii amplitudo sublimio-
trial took place at Chester, in 1675,
rem mandet calamum. Hæc omnia (de
quibus versatur) tua sunt: proin tute tibi-
when the RIGHT of the dispute was ad-
ipsi fias patronus; quia tibi præter teipsum
judged to be in favour of Sir Thomas
par nullus est. Cui omni qua potest, reveren- Wainwaring. Sir Peter did not long
tia devotissimus vester ligeus hoc laboris sui survive the decision; he died on the
specimen. D.D.D.-Petrus Leicester. 11th Oct. 1678, and was buried at Great
" This is the author's dedication to Budworth, where a handsome monu-
the Kinge: but Mr. Clavell (who had ment, with a long Latin inscription is
the printinge of this booke committed to erected to his memory.
him) caused the dedication (as you see Sir John Fleming Leicester, bart. is
in the page immediately before *) to be the present representative of this truly
put in English, thinkinge thereby the respectable family.
bookc would sell the better: but that The old family scat, a view of which
dedication in English is none of myne; accompanies this memoir, stands upon
an island, in a most romantic situation;
* The English Dedication. nearly adjoining to which is Tabley


39
1819. On the Causes of Variations of Climate in this Country.
this Country.
Chapel. This was the favourite resi- state of the winds and of the direction
dence of Sir Peter Leycester.
and progress of the clouds, as they are
Dec. 10, 1818.
DEVANUS. wafted in various, and often opposite,
directions, by conflicting currents of
air. Whatever opinion may be formed
OBSERVATIONS ON THE CAUSES WHICH
of the feasibility of our speculations, the
OCCASION THE VARIATIONS OF CLI-
researches upon which they are founded
MATE IN TIIS COUNTRY.
will not, we trust, be deemed one of the
IN announcing to our readers our in-
least curious or instructive portions of the
tention to furnish them monthly with a
miscellaneous department of our work.
Meteorological Diary, kept at a village Air, like all other fluid bodies, has a
two miles southward of the metropolis,
necessary tendency to expansion, and to
and in communicating to them, in the
effect a perfect equilibrium. Hence,
miscellaneous department of our present
it has been remarked, that when a wind
Number, the details of such a register
has prevailed for a long time, and with
to the 21th of the last month, we
great force, from any point of the com-
avail ourselves of the occasion to offer
piss, and has gradually subsided into a
some cursory remarks on a branch of
calıo, that a wind in a contrary direction,
the science of meteorology, which, al-
and for nearly an equal duration, has
though not wholly uninvestigated, has, succeeded it. This fact, we think, may
nerertheless, attracted less attention, be explained easily and accurately, upon
and has given rise to fewer philosophithe datum already stated. The stream
cal disquisitions than its rcal importance, ofair, so long and so powerfully impelled,
considered referentially either to the in the direction to which it was origi-
health, comfort, convenience, or interest nally wafted, would necessarily produce
of all classes of the community, and of an atmospherical incumbency and accu-
erery individual of each separate class at mulation in that quarter; but when the
all periods of his existence, would appear impelling force is withdrawn, the mo-
to have deserved.
mentum of the atmospherical pressure
It is not our present intention to take in the quarter to wbich the torrent
an historical review of the various of air has been so directed, will neces-
theories which the difference of tempe- sarily create another eddy or stream,with
rature in a great diversity of climates, an opposite bias; and the wind, so pro-
or the alterations in the state of the at duced, will continue until the elemental
mosphere with respect to heat or cold, balance is restored. We are aware,
dryness or inoisture, in the same climate, that exceptions to this doctrine may be
and at correspondent seasons of the year, adduced ; that it appears to be wholly
have produced ;* nor shall we now ex-
inapplicable in the Atlantic and Pacific
napplicable in
tend our researches to the important im-
n- Oceans, at a distance from the continents
provements which have taken place in the
of Asia, Africa, and America, where the
various scientific instruments that have
wind invariably blows from the colla-
been invented with the view of success-
teral points of the East (or rather, in
fully prosecuting such enquiries. Todo
this instance, the potency of the prin-
justice to these great subjects, not one ciple above mentioned, is counteracted
brief essay, but a series of elaborate
te by the presence of a more preponde-
dissertations would be required. Our rating agent); and likewise, that the
design is limited, on this occasion, to a
nearness of a great continent, the height
consideration of the proofs of that hy- and configuration of the land, and the
pothesis, which professes to establish,
ish, vicinity of lofty mountains, covered with
upon the basis of patient and long con-
perpetual snow, are all of them causes
tinued examination, the possibility of
which produce modifications of this ele-
prognosticating, not indeed with infal-
mental law. Nevertheless, its influence
lible accuracy,but with such a reasonable generalle nr
generally prevails, and our meteorolo-
degree of probability, as the nature of
gical journals abundantly attest the
the case will admit, the approaching fact. Thus, after a warm and wet
changes of the weather in Great Britain winter, during which, in our climate.
at the different seasons of the year; the wind has almost invariably blown.
by an attentive observation of the from the south and south westerly points.
- the springs which have succeeded them,
+ Vide Works of Professor Leslie: Mis- have been regularly bleak, cold, and
sion of Astronomy to Quito. Travels of dry; and the direction of the winds
Humboldt, and Philosophical Transac- from the east and north east; although
tiops.
another hypothesis has been suggested,


40
On the Causes of Variations of Climate in this Country. [Feb. 1,
for the prevalence of the late mentioned months. A north west wind, in this
winds in the spring, yet we appeal to climate, rarely continues for more than
our meteorological records, whether the two days; but it is indisputably the pur-
cause we have mentioned, has not been est, the most healthy, and exhilarating
of at least equal cogency. The state of wind we possess.
the winds during the last unusually In the summer, the principal agent in
warın and dry summer, and their din producing warmth, is an easterly wind.
rection afterwards, may be alleged as an The influence of this wind in that sea-
additional evidence of the validity of son is entirely opposite to its effect in
this reasoning.
the winter or spring, and is readily ex-
Opposite currents of air in different plained by two considerations: First, its
regions of the atmosphere have been re- extreme dryness, and the very small
peatedly remarked, but the influence portion of vapour exhaled into the air,
of this phenomenon upon the tempera. in the progress of the wind over the
ture of the climate does not seem to have immense continents of Europe and Asia.
been duly weighed. In the winter we And, secondly, the great accumulation
are often surprized when we experience, of reflected heat which it acquires, not
after a long and severe frost, a sudden only by passing over a vast, arid, or
thaw, accompanied with a moist fog, al parched surface, but which it also de-
though the wind appears to blow with rives from innumerable metallic, clayey,
undiminished strength from the east or or silicious bodies, all of which imbibc, re-
north east. This change is entirely pro- tain, and reflect a great portion of the
duced by the agency of a south or south solar warmth, and consequently, trans-
westerly wind in the superior regions fuse into the easterly wind, a steady
of the atmosphere, wafting hither the and permanent heat. The greatest ele-
warmth and moisture of the equatorial re- vation of the thermometer is always ex-
gions; which, although not sufficiently perienced, when a current of air from
powerful, in the first instance, to change the south, in the higher regions, is ge-
the direction of the lower wind, diffuses, nerated during the prevalence of an
nevertheless, a considerable portion of its easterly wind below; the weather is
influence into that wind, until it wholly then extremely sultry, dark, ragged, elec-
supplants it. When this last mentioned trical clouds are produced, of the most
alteration occurs, it is commonly followed beautiful and fantastic forms, which by
by a tempestuous gale from the south degrees extend over the whole southern
and south west. The application of the horizon ; the mercury in the barometer
doctrine of the effects which a superior rapidly descends; and the result is a
and contrary current of air has upon thunder-storm. Whilst this state of
the lower one, will account for a south things continues, a careful observer of
westerly wind sometimes producing an the circumstances now adverted to, will
intense frost, and an easterly wind being direct his eye not to the east, but to the
accompanied by close and warm weather. south, if he wishes to form a correct
Frosts which commence with dense and judgment of the probability of rain.
moist fogs, or in a perfect calm, are rarely Barometrical observations in all sea-
if ever permanent. No dependence can sons of the year, although of essential
be placed upon the duration of any frost, utility, do not, unless taken in combina-
which is not preceded or accompanied tion with the state of the winds, both in
by a steady east or north east wind, fol- the higher and lower regions of the air
lowed by snow. Upon a careful examina- as indicated by the course and density
tion of meteorological records, it will of the clouds, afford any certain results.
be found, that a severe winter does not A variety of causes, exclusive of a tep-
occur in this climate above once in seven dency to rain, will effect the range of
or eight years; and that, in other win- this instrument. Before, or in high
ters, the proportion of north, north winds, whether accompanied by rain or
easterly, and easterly winds, to south or not, the mercury descends. A violent
south westerly winds, does not exceed storm of wind, at a great distance, will
1 to 9 or 10. In ordinary seasons, a produce a sudden depression, and in
strong northerly wind occupies the su- very hot weather the mercury will re-
perior region of the air, in the months main nearly at changeable, although the
of November and December, while the weather may be dry and generally serene
lower wind generally prevails from the for many days, and then the quicksilver
west and south west. To this collision will rise. It may commonly be observed
of currents may be ascribed the frequent that the variations in the barometer are
alternations of frost and thaw in ihese rather evidential of a certain tendency.


1819.]
Hamlet and the Grave Digger- IT ulter Scoll.
in the atmosphere to dryness on mois- the present probable meaning of the text
ture, than to be regarded as infallible of our great tragic poet.
precursors of rain or dry weather.
This subject is curious, at least to
my own mind, but my time does not
HAMLET AND THE GRAVE DIGGER. suffice to investigate it; and therefure i
MR. EDITOR,
have proposed it to others, whose leisure
I take leave to propose to your nu- and sources of information may be more
merous and enlightened correspondents, ample than those of your obedient, bum-
a few queries, with a view of illustrating ble servant, Alex. JAMIESON.
differently, or confirming in its present
popular acceptation, the quaint remark
of the grave-digger to Hamlet, That a ANECDOTES OP EMINENT PERSONE.
Tanner will last some nine years (in his
No. II.
grave).
WALTER SCOTT.
1. Can it be established, as a chemic T HE life of a poet seldorn abounds
cal fact, that oak-bark will preserve a with much to interest illic attention;
dead body for a great length of time in his days are spent in seclusion and study,
the carth?
and it he does sometimes renture into
2. Can the wood be defined that con the world, it is into that part of it not
vers, in apparent splinters, the ancient fertile of adventure. The field's
mommies ? - Is it oak, teak, cedar, or liis stulr ; nature is his book." The
what? is it the same of which the mum- dangers he encounters are those of
inial coffin is made? Or can any analo. fancy, as are inany of the pleasures he
gical reason be assigned, why, from is supposed to enjov. He draws boldly
these splinters, we may infer that the on the bank of fiction, but sparingly on
ancient Egyptians buried their common that of reality; and those who look for
dead in oak-bark-lined coffins ?
singular events in his life will look in
3. What evidence is there to prove vain. His occupation is a solitary one:
that the two bodies, in the highest state he derives his importance from his ge-
of preservation, lately discovered in the nius, and il vou enquire into his domes-
vaults of St. Saviour's Church, in the tic habits, they will be found similar to
Borough of Southwark, were interred those of other men, except as being more
in oak-bark-lined coffins? Or, which is scdentary they appear less ainiable.
the same thing, in coffins, the vacant An exception may, however, be made
space of which was filled up with oak- in favour of the subject of the following
bark?
anecdotes. The country which had the
4. Did tanners, in the days of Shak- honour of receiving into being Walter
speare, use oak-bark in tanning, or, Scott, is the land of the Muses, where
how else did they prepare their leather? every valley is an Arcadia, and every
And if so, are we to ascribe the length- mountain a Parnassus : inspiration
ened preservation of a tanner's carcase breathes around. The soul of a Spen-
in its grave, to a previous chemical pre- cer, a Drummond, of llawthornden,
paration to resist decay, from bis trade? and a Burns hovers over the scene; and
In this case, what would the ratio of none can trend the soil without recol-
preservation in the grave be to the time lecting a name dear to every lover of
a man had been a tanner? Or are we nature, Thomson. llere also fought
rather to suppose that some ancient rite “The li'allace;" and here the rival of
of the Druids sanctioned the interment Homer; here Ossian sang in straias
of bodies in oak-bark pits ? Or that, sublime the praises of Fingal and th
sine causá, and by mere chance, a tanner sorrows of Colma. No man possessing
might be packed up in a coffin, the vathe smallest spark of poetic fire in hit
cant space of which was filled up with bosom, but would here soon find it
chopped oak-bark, as being nearer at kindle into a flame, which fanned by
hand than saw-dust; or a peculiarity of the breath of Amor Patriæ (for which
the trade, something like the interment the Caveronian is so deservedly cele.
of an Indian warrior, with the tools of brated), niust produce the very soul of
his occupation in the chase, and “ the song.
field of the red coral die ?"
WALTER SCOTT appears to be smit
5. What analogies are there to be ten in a great degree with the love of
traced, what consequences to be drawn, country, and tainted rather strongly
in the answers to these questions, that with the pride of ancestry; and yei,
may give a new illustration, or establish contrary to general opinion-contrary,
New MONTHLY MAG --Xo. 61.
VOL. XI.


42
(Feb. 1,
Anecdote of Walter Scott.
to all the accounts which national vanity In boyhood, Walter Scott was never
has given of this eminent and irregun attached to childish amusements. At
larly sweet and soothing bard, he was seven years of age he went to school,
not ushered into a bright and pleasing under the tuition of a person named
existence from the down bed of prospe- More, Presenter* to the Kirk at Muse
rity. In carly youth,
selburgh.
Mr. Scott carried with him to school
" Adversity, companion of his way,
Long o'er her victim hung with iron sway." such knowledge as we may suppose &
youth of seven years of age capable of
It has been propagated by his ad- ?
ad acquiring from a father very attentive
mirers, and the colouring of his poems to his little favourite in every respect.
sanctioned the opinion, or rather gave In fact, he could read well, and had such
rise to the opinion, that he is a near rela-
a propensity for drawing, that all his
tion to the noble family of Scott, Duke
books were scribbled over with rude
of Buccleugh, (a family whose munificent
figures of men, houses and trees, when-
benevolence does honour to Scotland
ever he could get a pen or a pencil. At
and the human race); this is not cor-
this early age we may mark this fact as
reet. He is most certainly a deccend-
the dawning of a poetical genius ; poetry
ant of that noble race ; and probably
and painting are 18 closely allied as
has a little of the wizard, Michael Scott's
music and love. This taste for draw..
blood in his veins. At all events, the
the iny did not advance with his advancing
nur did not lianne
« witching tales" he has told lead us to Vwsthouch we have seen a sketch of
think so. He is a very distant relation is of the port of Loch Lomond, taken
indeed of that noble house. but the
from the West side, in 1803, very well
“boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,"
executed; it is done on a blank leaf of
cannot add any thing glorious to the lector Vanill's noring and is now in
name of Walter Scott. Ennobled by possession of Captain Fullerton. Like
his superior talent and genius, he has no Wilton, Swift, and other great geniuses,
occasion for assistance from the records he was, as the latter said of himself,
of Stirling castle to spread abroad bist
bis at school “ very justly celebrated for
naine, and hand it down to posterity. his stupidity," Perhaps much of his
The Buccleur family does no honour stupidity was owing to the want of
to the name of Walter Scott: he does Tolentin
loes talent in his master or rather his want of
honour to them, and of him they have method in the art of teaching. Be that
reason to be proud - prout as a great as it may, young Scott certainly did not
and good man-proud of hiin as one of Shineitii
shine in his early career as a scholar. He
the sweetest bards that ever tuned his learnt to read, write, and attained a to.
harp on Moray Hills, and assisted in lerable knowledge of the mathematics.
giving immortality to the mountain
tain In Latin he did not advance far until
In Latin he did no
scenery of iis native land, and the in-
his tenth vear, when Doctor Paterson,
vincible courage of her gallant children.
a clergyman of the church of Scotland,
The father of Walter Scott was a well
succeeded to the school at Musselburgh,
informed man and a gentleman, his mo-
and the progress of young Scott became
ther a woman of the most amiable dis-
rapid. Dr. Blair on a visit at Mussel-
position, with more common sense than
burgh, shortly after Mr. Paterson took
in general falls to female share, and was charge of the school, accompanied by
the intimate friend of Allan Ramsay, some friends, examined several of the
Blacklock, and Burns. It was her who pupils; he paid particular attention to
moulded the mind of her son, and gave
and gare young Scott. Mr. Paterson thought it
him that excessive tone of sensibility was the youth's stupidity occupied the
which breathe througli all his works. She Doctor's time, and said, “ Miv predeces-
Wii reumarkably attached to rural life
sor tells me that boy has the thickest
and the poets; and to her runbling in
ing in skull in the school." -May be so," re-
plied Dr. Blair, “but through that thick
book in one hand and her son in the skull I can discern many bright rays of
other, we are indebted for the land-
future genius."
scapes in "The Lady of the Lake," and
2!1iese bºuntiful de criptions of the
* Presenter is a situation in which the
Highland scenery, which whilst we are
same duties are to be fulfilled as those of a
perusiny, we acouilly imagine befre
Clerk of the Church of England, but they
O'?r (VpY; and it is not until we hire are all men of excellent education, and often
ünished the sentence or period, that we more learned than the minister who sits
awaken from our dream of rapture. above thein.


1819.)
Dr. Gough, Garrick, Curran.
DR. GOUGH AND DAVID GARRICK.* rize him in thus setting before his friend
WHEN the well known Mr. Rigby in the strongest light, liis unseen error. In
used to leave town, to spend some time so doing, he performed one of the strict.
at his seat at Mistley Hall, in Essex, he est offices of friendship. Plutarch relates
generally had large parties, as well of Antisthenes to have said, 'Opus esse rel
persons invited from London, as froin amicis ingenuis vel acribus inimicis. Ili
the neighbourinr country, and the ril- quippe convitiando illi inonendo, a pro
laves of Mistlev and Manning. Dur- catis avertunt,' Curran clased him-
ing ten years residence in the same self amongst the former, and gave tie
neighbourhood, which commenced just
above proof of it to Lord Avonmore,
after Mr. Rigby's death, I became ac-
who valued it as it deserved. On the
quainted with many of those who had contrary, tu such a degree did Lord
been in the habit of visiting at Mistlev Hall. Clare carry his antipathy to Curran, that
who used to relate numerous anecdotes
he often took with him to the bench a
of the scenes which they had there favourite dog, and occupied that time
witnessed. The following always struck in caressing the animal, which should
me as affording an instance of repartee,
have been bestowed in attention to this
peculiarly happy, and may, perhaps, be eloquent pleader. On one of the days
new to the reader. Among the visitors
in which he received this insult, and
at the Hall, Dr. Gougli and Garrick perceived the head of the judge gently
were invited to pass some time there shaken, as expressing his opinion of the
together. The former, it seems, was a slender ground on which he had to sup-
great admirer of good living, and be- port the case in which he was concerned,
came, on that account, an object of Gar- he took the opportunity of gratifving a
rick's ridicule. One day, he ordered a slight revenge, by introducing the fol-
servant to take notice of whatever Dr. Towing philippic in his aildress to the
Gough might eat or drink, and to put an jury : --" Gentlemen of the jury, said
equal quantity of the same dish or be- he, you may think me discouraged by
verage, into a large punch-bowl, which the awful motion of the head, by which
was to be ready on the sideboard for
the learned judge seeing to show an
the purpose. This was accordingly
unfavourable opinion of the merits of
done; and when the company was about my client's case; but when you shall
to rise from table after dinner, Garrick
have attended before his Lord slip a
desired the punch-bowl to be brought.
He then expatiated upon the enormity of
always evident to me, that when his
the Doctor's appetite, and set the com Lordship dues shake his head, there is
pany in a roar of laughter at his expence.
nothing in it.
The Doctor very calmly listened till
Another anecdote of Curran is
their mirth being exhausted, he addressed
highly declaratory of his abundant
the company as follows:--“ Gentlemen, humour, and the great simplicity
from the very great familiarity with for which, as for his deer learning,
which Mr. Garrick has been pleased to
his friend, Lord Aronmore, was re-
treat me, you have, doubtless, been led markable. Our orator's opponent, in a
to believe that he and I are old and cause which he was pleading before
intimate friends; I can, however, assure
Lord Aronmore, having thrown out
you, that till I inet him here, I never some allusions as to the poverty of Cur-
w him but once before, and then I paid ran's client, at the end of his reply, he
five shillings for it!"
addressed the Court thus:-“ My learn-
London, Dec. 1818. H. E. L.
ed friend has laid some weight on the
poverty of my client, and has attempted
CURRAN.
to urge it as a fact detracting from his
credit. This reminds me, and I am
In the anecdote of Curran, as related
in our Number for October last, of the
sure reminds every one to whom I now
address myself, of the passage in Hesiod,
practical method he adopted, of con-
the celebrated Greek' historian, in his
vincing a judge that he was in the habit
of anticipating the deductions of those
Phantasmagoria.- Nil habet paupertas
pleading before him, Lord Clare is in-
durius inse quam quod ridiculus ho-
troduced instead of Lord Avonmore ;
mines facit."
with the latter he was living in constant
Lord Avonmore, who bad been all
habits of intimacy, which would autho-
attention, here interrupted him, saying,
“ Mr. Currran, you are under a very
great mistake in this quotation; the
• This was Dr. Gough, author of several lines you have repeated are batin, and
Works on British Antiquities.
Hesiod was a Greek poet, and uo his.


Original and Seleet Poetry.
Feb. 1,
torian: beider, I thought I knew all assert, they will find them Greek.”
his works, but never heard of his Phan- Lord Avonmore perceived, at last, the
tasınagoria. Prav recollect yourself." fight his witty friend had permitted his
“ Indeed, my Lord," he replied, “ the genius to take, and heartily enjoyed the
quotation I made, was Greek, and from joke, although he concealed it from the
the work I oamed." “ What, Mr. Curs Court.-The liberties taken at the Irish
ran," said the surprised judge, "o you bar render this fact perfectly credible.
persist? you inust have strongely for. At another time, Lord Avonmore
gotten yourself; you certainly repeated was sitting next his friend at a club, to
Latin." “ My Lord,” retorted the which they both belonged, when the
witty Counsel, “there is no one, if former was lost in one of those absent
a point of law he urged, to whose de- fits, for which he was too much noted.
cision I would more readily bow, than On the health of the absentees being
to your Lordstip's; but is to a mere mat- strank, Curran shook his Lordship by
ter of fact, like the present, you must ex- the sleeve, whispering that the company
cuse me, if I venture to differ: how bad just drank his health, and that he
ever, to settle the point in question, was thought unmannerly in not acknow-
if your Lordship will permit me, I ledging it. After an eloquent speech of
will send up the lines, as a collateral acknowledgment thus elicited, Curran
iseue, to the jury; and I will renture to informed his friend of the mistake.
ORIGINAL AND SELECT POETRY.
THE PARTINO.
MIRZALA.
By the Author of the Perses to “Oclaria."
(Prom an unf. nislied Dramatic Poem.)
Yes, in her eye there lived unto the last,
Forget thee!--No, never ! - Why cherish a
A strange, unreal light--a fearful glancem
thought
Wild, vei inost beautiful ;--and o'er her
'Gainst the friend of thy soul with injustice
cheek
so fraught?
llues of such passing loveliness would stray,
Why embitter our fast fleeting moments of As seemed pot of this earth; but rather
cauglit,
By suspicion so wild and unfounded as this?
Like the electric heams that dart across
Forget thee! No, never !Among the The roseate clouds of suminer's softest eve--
light-hearted
From the high heaven above. L'pon herlip
Love may sink to decay, when the fond ones 1
Ilung bland persuasion, eloquently mule ;
are parted;
And, in her very silentness there dwelt
But affection like ours is too deep and sub-
Music's best hair-expression! She had
Jime
borne,
To be chilled in its ardor by absence or With an untiring spirit, many a grief,
tine :
Then, Emily, tunish all doubt from thy
And sickness that had wasted her in torm.,
Ilad tainted not her soul, for that was pure
breast !
As the last itar that Pity draws from
By the kiss that so late on thy lips I im-
Love!
A. A. W'.
- prest-
By the grief that has blighted the bloom of
SO YET,
my years--
By the hope that still calls forth a smile !
Fritten sereral years ago, and intended
as introductory to a volume of Jurenile
thro' my tears-
Poems.
By the hour of our parting, thus sweetly
delayed
For these wild flowers here twined into a
By truth, firmly tried-and by trust unbe-
wreath,
trayed
It in their lowliness they 'scape the doom
I will pot forget thee!-till life's latest ray To brighter hues decreed--the blasting
In the darl: night of death shall have melied
breath
away;
Of critic fury--they, perchance, may
Mid ambition--fame-fortune--and power,
bloom
and gladness,
A little hour; and from the fatal gloom
Pain--and peril, and hate, and contention of deep Oblivion, some short respite claim.
and sadness--
Then, ye stern Censors, spare, oh! spare
Tho' changes the darkest and brightest awhile
berde,
Should nonght be found to praise-your
Thy friendship shall soothe ne-thy coun-
rigid blame;
sela shall guide,
Nor rob a youthful minstrel of the smile.
And thy memory at once be my solace and Which, else, may be his meed; who, 10
pride!
beguile


1819.]
Original and Select Poetry.
His wand'rings thro' life's sharp and thorny
LINES,
way,
On the Funeral of the Ret. THOMAS
Hath sought the converse of the tuneful Barnes, D.D.. which was attended by a
Choir ;
thunder storm at the moment of the ce-
Oft " lapt his soul” in Poesy's sweet lay, remony.
And courted—not in vain--her sorrow. The great in arms who wade through blood
soothing lyre!
A. A. W,
to fame,
Making demand of praise prescriptive,
claim
THE EVENING BELLS OF CINTRA.
The Muse's wreath; and when they sink in
• (From the Portuguese of Luis de Camoens.)
death,
By J. MITFORD, Esg.
The flattering marble apes the flattering
breath.
Hark to the evening bells' sweet chime!-- Be mine the nobler- the more christian
Hark to the sound that dies o'er the hill!
task-
The watchword of life, by father Time, Justice demands what Virtue would not
Is given--and all around is still.
ask,
If all is still,--why beats my heart?
To breathe the lines which thoughts of
Ifall is still,---why heaves this sigh?
BARNES create,
Ah, no! when the fondest lovers part, Whose blameless life could Death and
Words flow from the lips, and tears from
Grave defeat:
the eye.
O'er both triumphant, he hath ris'n to
Heaven,
I saw her form, and her white robe flowing,
To the breath of the forest wind gently
5:
so
To claim the seat to such as him is given.
When round his opened grave the mourners
wave;
Heart pulse, heart pulse, why art thou
stood,
Lightning spread wide-the clouds pour'd
glowing
dowii a food.
At a glimpse of next world from the brink
NK
on
Those falling drops were tears from Se-
of the grave!
raphs' eyes--
She is gune-she is filed, like a meteor in Tears such as flow from sympathetic joys;
heaven,
Those sheets of liquid fire, the fork-like
That leaves not a trace of its course in
the sky!
Was Heaven illumin'd-and the awful crash
Vaidly I gaze, to despair nearly driven, Was not the thunder by which worlds are
While the light clouds of evening Boat riven,
silently by.
But angels chaunting-“Welcome, BARNBB,
Ilark! 'tis the sound of the evening bells!
to liearen.'"
Inspiring religion !--My sorrows are
TO FANNY.
001
Milnight advances :-how solemn her spells, No, I never have envied thy smile,
They whisper, “ we'll meet, where we'll Tho'so lovely--ihou mutable fair;
part, love, no more"
Nor deemed there was aught to beguile,
In a bliss each nev-coin r might share.
They whisper, Eugenia, that thou wilt be
mine,
Tho' the rose is a beautiful How'r,
In spite of the court, and the courtier's Ere'tiscilla from its sirainz: thurn,
apeils :
Yetits blossoms scarce live thro' an hour,
Long shall the bard bless Mary's shrinet lion various busoms 'tis worn.
Lung bless the sound of the evening bells. Unprized are those favours by me,
Each fool has so frequently rained;
• The Evening bells is a favourite air iu Port1- For sure of light worth must that be.
gal, particularly at Coinbra. The author has ad. Which is no sooner sought than attained.
hered, as nearly as translation would permit, to
ARION.
the measure of Carnoens, rude as it may be consi-
dered. It is a style of verse which may not ap.
IMITATED FROM MARTIAL.
pear musical to a mere English reader, bul which
Yes, methinks that I could, without weep-
is by no means unpleasant to those who are ac.
quainted with the Portuguese language. Ilamlet,
ing, resign
as translated by the Jesuit Francesco Peroussa, now
Both thy beautiful eyes, tho' so fondly
Archbishop of Elba, reads, in this sonorous tongne,
they languish;
uncommonly well, though if delivered upon the And thy lips-- tho' they often have mur-
stage, loses a great part of its effect; as the Portu.
mured to mine
guese have no performer who can be called a re-
The soft tones of delight, I could lose
spectable tragedian.
without anguish.
+ Mary's Shrine, at Estiforza, is a place much
sesorted to, and a " dip in Mary's Well," (a For thirty years one of the ministers of the
spring issuing from a rock iu its vicinity.) is cousi Presbyterian Congregation of Cross street, Man.
Jered equal in vituo to Papal absolution.
chester. llc died June 27, 1810, ag d .
flesh,


46
[Feb. 1,
Original and Select Poetry.
EPIGRAD FROM THE FRENCH
To be brief ;--thou hast held so ungente a
sway
O'er the heart that was given by Love to
By T. PILGRIM, Esq.
thy keeping,
You say, whene'er abroad you roam,
That, at length, from thy chains it hath You meet with none but fools and asses.
- stolen away,
Would you avoid them?-Keep at home,
And methinks I might learn to lose all Bui-hark yel-break your LOOKING
without weeping
GLAsses!
W.
A SKETCH TAKEN FROM DOVER CASTLE
zonry-
DURING A STORM.
Her crew of fiery spirits--- where are they?
(From the Literary Gazette.)
'TIS midoight: eyeless darkness like a blind far scattered groupes, dejected, hurried,
And haggard witch, with power to loose and tread
bind
The beach in silence, where the shipwrecked
The spirits of the elements at will,
dead
Draws her foul cloak across the stars, until Lie stiff and strained: among them (bumbling
Those demons she invok'd to vex the waves
thought!)
Have dived and hid them in their ocean They seek their friends--yet shrink from
caves :
what they sought,
And they are fled -- tho' still the mighty As on some corse the eye recoiling fello
heart
Thoʻlivid, swoln--but recognized too well!
Of Nalure throbs ;-and now that hag doth Apart-disturbed in spirit --- breathless-
start
pale-
Her swarth cheek turning pale in bitter Her unbound tresses floating on the gale
spite
A maiden hastened on :--across her way
For, ihro' her brow she feels the cold moon- As tho' he slept--a lifeless sailor lay:
light
She paused, and gazed a moment-shud-
Shoot like a pain, as on a western hill
dered, sank
The setting planet of the night stood still Beside that victim on the wave-washed
Just parted from a cloud. No more the hank
blast
Bent shivering lips to press his haggard
Wailed, like a naked spirit rushing past,
cheek,
As tho' it sought a resting place in vain. But started backward with a loathing shriek!
The storm is lulled; and yet it is a pain
To tell what wreck and ruin strewed the The cold and bloodless aspect of thy lover!
shore;
Their tale is brief. The youth was one of
Each wave its freight of death or damage those
bore!
Who spurn the thought of safety and re-
Here, stained and torn a royal flag was cast, pose,
There, lay a broken helm, a shattered mast; Whilst peril walks the deep:-where'er dis-
And oh! the saddest relic of the storm,
played-
Yon wave conveys a seaman's lifeless form: The Hag which sues for succour has their
aid-
'Tis morn :-the waving mists with shadowy The foemans or the friends ;--Do pausing
sweep
then
Draw their cold curtains slowly from the To question who implore them- they are
deep:
men!
'Tis mora :-but gladness comes not with A noble race-and, tho’unfam'd,unknow-
her ray:
A race that England should be proud to
The bright and breathing scene of yesterday own!
Is gone, as if that gwiſt consuming wing He, with a few ag generously brave,
Had brushed the deep which smote Assy Had heard the death-wail rising from the
ria's king,
wave,
And left his host like sere leaves withering! And in an ill-starred moment sought to save.
The sea swells full but smooth; to passion's The life-boat reached the foundering ship-
thrill,
her crew,
Tho' spent her tempest,. heaves the young With greedy haste secured the rope it threw;,
heart still:
And, in the wild avidity for life,
A bleakness slumbers o'er it - here and Rushed reeling in: alas, that fatal striſe
there,
But sealed their doom ! the flashing billows
Some desolate hull, forsaken in despair,
roar
Drives idly, like a friendless outcast thing Above their heads--one pang-they strove
Which still survives the world's abandoning: no more!
Where are her sails--her serried tiera' dia-
play-


1819.)
Original and Select Poetry.
He did not love uploved ;-for she who prest Like a fiery gleam in the opening morn;
Tbat clay cold hand so madly to her breast, The shout is “ glory or the grave,"
Beliered his vows; and, but for fortune's Unclasp my hand--10 tears--away!
scom,
The saracen shouts his last to-day.
Young love had smiled on this their bridal One kiss sweet lovego pray for Spain---
morn:
Light every taper-pray for him,
Bat oh, his years are few who hath not felt
Whose soul may on that fatal plain,
That, while we grasp, the rainbow bliss will
But linger for thy parting hymn.
melt;
No-be that idle thought forgiven,
That hopes, like clouds which gleam across
We'll meet in bliss, in earth-or Heaven!
the moon,
PULCI.
Soon pass away, and lose their light as soon!
The weltering mass she folds, but yester-
STANZAS
night
Wrillen as an Inscription for a Tablet in
Heaved warm with life-his rayless eye was the Chur
the Church Yard of Runcorn, in Cheshire,
bright:
And, she whose cheek the rose of rapture Ou STRANGER' let no ill-timed tear
Be shed for those who slumber here;
spread,
Raves now a maniac-widowed, yet onwed: But, rather envy them the sleep
And reekless wanderings take the place of From which they ne'er can wake-to weep!
06-
Why mourn--since freed from human ill,
She fapcies joys that glow not nor can glow; The throbbing bosom, cold and still ?
Breathes in a visionary world, and weaves Why mourn-since death presents us peace,
A web of bliss_scarce falser than deceives And in the grave our surrows cease?
The reasoning heart ;-oft sings and weeps,
The shattered bark, from adverse winds,
and now,
Here her last anchor drops, and finds
Entwines a sea-weed garland for her brow,
Sale,--where life's storms no more molest
And says it is a marriage wreath. Mean-
A haven of untroubled rest!
while,
Her calm vague look will dawn into a smile Then, STRANGER ! let no ill-timed tear
As something met her eye none else should Be shed for those who slumber here;
see,
But rather envy them the sleep
She folds her hands, and hends imploringly From which they ne'er can wake--10 weep!
To soe its stay ;-with wilder gesture turns, Yet oh! if thou hast learned to scan
And clasps her head, and cries, “ It burns, With feeling eve, the fate of man:
it borns !"
Go weep for those still doomed to sorrow-
Then shakes as if her heart were ice.
Who mourn the past---nor hope the morrow;
Not long
The soul the frame, could brook such
ch For those, whose tears must ceaseless flow
Whose round of pain each morn renew;
bitter wrong;
Who--if they dream--but dream of woe,
Beside her lover's, that distracted head
Rests cold and calm--the grave their bridal And wake! to find their visions true!
bed!
On a Fine Portrail, by MASQUERIER, of a
Translation of the celebrated Spanish
Lady standing before a Glass (since dead.)
Romance,
(From the New Times.)
" LOS MOROS vienen."
She looks within the mirror, and her forin
Is from its dazzling crystal given again,
THERE 's a sound of arrows on the air,
In living beauty, yet a hue less warm
A sound of the thundering atabal;
Reddens the lip ;-the blue pellucid vein
I see thro' the trees the banners glare,
Wanders across a brow, where silent pain
This eve they shall hang on the christian's
Sheds paleness on its polished ivory.
wall;
And the haughty hands that those banners
le that those where The ruby of that cheek has felt the stain
Of tears that flowed unseen by human eye,
bore,
This eve shall be stiff in their own dark As from her pillow rose her midnight pray-
er-lo die. .
gore.
Theo leave me, sweet lady! thy starry eyes
And so she died, --in early beauty died-
A violet by its first soft shower decayed ;
Are made for love, and love alone;
Those glowing lips are for passion's sighs,
& A flush of radiance on life's changing tide,
a
That form for the silk and the gold of a
Just seen and loved, and sunk in evening's
shade;
throne.
Before the dawning sky is red,
A young sweet star-just risen--but to fade.
Yon plain shall be heaped with the dying
And this fair image smiling in sad bloom
and dead.
On her, so soon in quiet to be laid,
Looks like her angel in its meekness, come
Hark!-hark!- 'tis the christian's battle To tell her of the tomb, her calm, her hal-
horn;
lowed tomb.
Behold the red-cross standard ware,
Pulci.


( 48 )
(Feb. 1,
MEMOIR OF WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, ESQ.
(WITH A PORTRAIT.)
The penury of literary biography is a nal attachinent subsisted between them,
complaint of long standing, and the just- of which a striking instance occurred
ness of it is evident in the scanty me while they were both very young : when
morials that have been left of the learn- one being furiously assailed by a much
ing and genius of former days. Anxious more powerful lad than himself, the
to redeen our own times from the other, with affectionate gallantry, plant-
charge of negligence, our constant ef- ing himself by the side of his brother,
forts are employed in collecting from fought with such spirit, that the aggres-
primary sources accurate information sor was obliged to desist.
concerning the characters wliose por- Of William, it is said, by those who
traits give interest to our numbers. It were his contemporaries at school, that
is is seldom, indeed, that the materials in his classical attainments he was con-
80 obtained are copious or various, be- siderably above par, when compared
cause pre-eminent merit is generally of with boys of his own age; while in Eug-
a retiring nature, and the delicacy of fish coinposition, both prose and verse,
friendship is not easily prevailed upon to be frequently obtained the distinguished
be communicative.
commendation of Mr. Taylor, the head-
Such is the apology which we have to master, who was a man of great critical
offer, whenever our narratives are con- judgment. The chief delight of the
tracted within narrow limits, and when youth, even at a very early age, consist-
the memoir is briet, because the dignity cd in reading and reciting passages of
of truth prevents us from drawing upon the best of our pocts. Before the
invention to supply the puucity of facts. morning hour of repairing to school, be
We trust, however, that in the present has bceu often seen and heard in the se-
instance the biography will be found questered lane, cither alone, or with a
substantially correct, and prove equally farourite companion, repeating aloud
satisfactory to those who esteem the beautiful passages from Thomson's Sea-
subject of it for his prirate worth, and sons, and sometimes comparing, as they
those who, knowing him only by bis chanced to occur, the actual phenomena
writings, admire him for the use which of nature with the descriptions given
he has made of his talents.
of them by the poet. At the age
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH was born of thirteer, his genius was indicated in
at Cockermouth, of a highly respectable verses on the vacation, which procured
family, April 7, 1770. At the age of him the praise of the master; but it
eight years he was sent to Hawkshead should seemn that this incipient effort
school, in that part of Lancashire which did not quite satisfy himself, since we
is separated from the county to which it are told that at the next returning sea-
belongs by Westmoreland and the sea. son of welconie relaxation from scholas-
The grammar school of lawkshead was tic discipline, he composed another
founded and endowed in the reign of poem on the same subject, which was
Queen Elizabeth, by the venerable Ed- also applauded by those to whom it was
win Sandys, archbishop of York, and it shewn. This stirring of the spirit of
has ever been accounted one of the best poc within, was kept up and invigo-
seminaries in the north of England. ra by the romantic scenery which
Two of its living ornaments are the sub- tem ted his youtliful steps to ramble
ject of this sketch, and his brother Dr. among the mountains, and along the
Christopher Wordsworth, the present margin of the lake of Esthwaite, near
chaplain to the House of Commous, rec- the school of Hawkshead.
tor of Lambeth, and dean of Bocking; llaviug laid in a good stock of gram-
whose extremely acute and erudite let- mar learving, William Wordsworth re-
ters on the Greek definitive article in moved, in October, 1787, to the uni.
confirmation of the late Granville versity of Cambridge, where he was
Sharpe's Rule, procured him the patron- matriculated a student of St. John's, as
age of the Archbishop of Canterbury, his brother, sometime afterwards, was of
and the valuable preferments which he Trinity College. Here our author con-
now so deservedly enjoys.
tinued long enough to complete his de.
The two boys were educated at the grees in arts, but without aspiring to, or
same school, and though they had but attaining, the academical honours of
little similarity of taste, a strong frater: wrangler or prizeman. During one of


-

-
-
-
Sie
1535
tiethars Prince
Henry Here
YILLIAM WORDSWORTH, ESQ.
Published, F:0:'7,1812, bv Henry Colburn, conduit Straut.


是
​。
」。


1819.]
49
Memoir of William Wordsworth, Esq.
the long vacations, he made a pedestrian waves on the beach. Sometimes he
excursion through part of France, Swit would meet them, as it were by accident,
zerland, the Savoy, and Italy, accompa- in their walks, and by entering into fa-
nied by a college friend. Of this tour miliar chat with them, draw the conver-
he wrote an account, under the title of sation on by degrees to politics, merely
* Descriptive Sketches in Verse," which to catch some clue to a discovery. All
was printed in 1793; in which year also these arts, however, produced nothing,
he published, “An Evening Walk, an and the man, very much to his honour,
Epistle in Verse, addressed to a Young gave so faithful a report of all his ob-
Lady from the Lakes in the North of servations, that no farther inquiry was
England."
made, nor were the two friends apprised
Whether Mr. Wordsworth was in. of the snare that had been laid to entrap
tended for any of the learned profes- thein, till a long time afterwards, when
sions, we have not the means of know- all suspicion was completely removed.
ing, but if such was the case, he disap- It was during this retirement on the
pointed the expectation of his friends, by coast of Somersetshire, that the “ Ly-
leaving the university altogether soon rical Ballads" were planned and in part
after his return, and amusing himself in written, “ as an experiment," says Mr.
Wandering over different parts of the Coleridge, whether subjects, which
country. At length he took a cottage from their nature rejected the usual or-
in the hamlet of Alfoxden, not far from naments and extra colloquial style of
Bridgewater, in Somersetshire, where poems, in general, might not be so ma-
he either contracted or renewed an in- naged in tlie language of ordinary life as
timate friendship with Mr. Coleridge. to produce the pleasurable interest,
la this remote part of the kingdom, they which it is the peculiar business of
lived almost in a state of seclusion, em- poetry to impart.*
ploying their hours either in climbing These Ballads, with some other
the Quantock bills, traversing the poems, appeared first in one small vo-
vinding shores of the bay, or in sitting lume in 1798, in which year the author
at home, planning literary works. Some- and his sister made a tour through part
times, indeed, they visited the only little of Germany, where they fell in with
inn of the village, but here their conver- Mr. Coleridge, who, through the libe-
sation was above the frequenters of the rality of the late Mr. Wedgworth, had
place, and their character altogether been enabled to prosecute his studies in a
such as to excite surprise and curiosity. foreign university. How long the tra-
At this time the violence of the revolu- vellers continued abroad, we are not in-
tionary tempest in France occasioned formed, but in 1800, we find Mr.Words-
much observation and dispute, not only worth settled at Grassmere, in West-
in the metropolis and large towns, but moreland, where, or at Rydall, in that
in every obscure nook and corner of the neighbourhood, he has continued to .
British isles. Such a subject could not, dwell ever since. In1803, he married Miss
therefore, fail to be agitated in the pub- Mary Hutchinson, of Penrith, a young
lic house where our two friends occa- lady of the most respectable connexions
sionally spent their evenings. Words- and exemplary character, who has
worth had no turn for politics, and was brought him 'five children, of whom
generally silent, but his friend, being at three, two sons and a daughter, are still
that period a zealous reformist, took living. With such inducements to ac-
such an active part in the questions tive exertion, and the aid of potent
which arose, as to beget a suspicion, in friends, who hold his merits in high es-
one person, that these two strangers timation, the poet might no doubt have
were spies or incendiaries. This saga- distinguished himself in public life to
cious politician was no other than the the lucrative advantage of his family.
lawyer of the village, and having once But alike indifferent to the temptations
formed this idea in his fertile brain, it of ambition and riches, he seems to have
soon acquired the figure and substance imbibed the spirit of Hooker, who be-
of reality. Every action of the sojourn sought his patron to remove him from
ers was accordingly watched by a per- the bustle and intrigues of the world, to
son employed for the purpose ; who,true a situation where he might see God's
to his trust, traced their footsteps, and blessings spring from his mother earth,
without being seen by them, placed him- and eat his bread in peace and privacy."...
self in a situation where he could hear T he picturesque beauties of Winder.
their discourse when they sat upon a
craggy cliff observing the dashing of the * Biographia Literaria, vol, ii. p. 3. .
New Monthly Mag.–No.61.
Vol. XI.


50
[Feb. 1,
· Fine Arts.
mere, and the scenery of the neighbour- flects credit upon the patriotic feelings
hood, proved more attractive charins of the author.
than the pleasures of artificial society; In 1814 Mr. Wordsworth published
and here, in the bosom of a happy circle, the first portion of his long-promised
our author enjoys the utmost tranquil- performance of “The Recluse;" in a
lity, on a moderate income, arising from large and splendid quarto. To this part
a patrimonial estate, and the situation he gave the title of “The Excursion ;":
of distributor of the stamps for the coun- but of the rest of the work, nothing has
ties of Cumberland and Westmoreland, yet seen the light, unless the story of
which office he owes to the personal « The White Doe of Rylstone; or, the
friendship of the Earl of Lonsdale. Fate of the Nortons," which appeared
In 1807 Mr. Wordsworth gave to the in the same form in the following year,
public a miscellaneous collection of be considered as an episode of the great
poems, in two small volumes, of which a poem.
new and considerably improved edition This last piece closes the list of our
made its appearance in the year 1815.- author's publications, on which we shall
Among the many additions which the observe, that if the character of a man
author thought proper to make to this is to be inferred from his literary pro-
last impression, were a preface and sup- geny, that of Mr. Wordsworth is at once
plementary essay, both directed to the stamped with the genuine marks of na-
same object-that of applying his prin- tive excellence; for no liberal reader of
ciple of simplicity in composition to every his poems can rise from the perusal of
species of poetry.
them without sentiments of respect for
The next original production of Mr. that spirit of virtue which breathes in
Wordsworth was of a different cast, and every line. But we are assured that the
one that from his turn and habits could poet is one who writes from the heart,
hardly have been expected. This was a and who lives as he writes. They who
bulky political pamphlet, printed in the know him most intimately, speak of him
year 1809, with a title remarkable for as constantly discharging all the relative
its elliptical abruptness and prolixity.- duties of the husband, father, and friend,
“ Concerning the Rolations of Great with scrupulous fidelity and the most
Britain, Spain, and Portugal, to each affectionate tenderness. He is univer-
other, and to the common enemy, at this sally esteemed in his neighbourhood for
crisis ; and specifically as affected by the the benevolence of his disposition, the
Convention of Cintra; the whole courteousness of his manners, his readi-
brought to the test of those principles ness to relieve the distressed, and to pro-
by which alone the Independence and mote every design calculated for the ge-
Freedom of Nations can be preserved neral benefit. To this summary of pre-
or recovered."
eminent talent and substantial worth,
In this performance ministers were we may add, that he is a firm friend to
censured, not for intermeddling in the the constitution, which is the same as
affairs of the peninsula, but for neglect- saying that he is a loyal subject of the
ing to pour into the heart of Spain all king, and a sincere member of the
their military resources. The essay is Church of England.
written in an energetic strain, and re-
FINE ARTS.
MEANING, in this important de pages of the New Monthly Magazine, so
partment, with persevering efforts, to far from lessening our efforts, furnishes
concentrate the attention of our readers only so many increasing motives for re-
on our native artists, we shall, in the fol- doubled exertion.
lowing general observations, endeavor In the first place, we consider it our
to mark the intended spirit of our future duty to be unbiassed in our strictures on
communications, by a reference to those all the subjects which affect the general
causes which most immediately contri- interests of the British school. Upon
bute to the advancement of the Fine these points we entertain long cherished
Arts, and the principles by which im- convictions. There is no right so essen-
partial criticism ought to be guided. tial to the growth of a pure public taste,
The approbation with which the public as the right of free and candid opi-
have been pleased to honour the ar- nion, in discussing the merits of ancient
rangements, and impartial variety of the and modern works of art. The more


1819.)
51
Fine Arts.
men read upon the subject the more obtained from Greece : but Poussin
they will understand it, and rise above the observed, that although when compared
prejudices of anti-contemporarianism. with the moderns he was an angel, yet
That impartial criticism, which en- compared with the Ancients he was an
dearors to do equal justice to merit ass. We are justly offended at so harsh
without any regard to names or persons, an expression applied to the divine
times or schools, is the true nurse of painter, who, although excelled in par-
genias. No doubt, from the infirmity ticulars by some other painters, united
of human nature, there will ever be some more of the qualities of a great master
unconscious leaning, cven in the most than any other modern artist. The
classical minds. But if any be pardon- inestimable benefit of the antique statues
able, it is a leaning in favor of the is proved by the fact, that the Italian
Artists of our own time and nation ; be- schools, which were formed more essen-
cause this inclination is not only allied tially upon those models, such as Flo-
to virtue, being founded in our social rence and Rome, excelled those, which,
affections, public spirit, and love of like Venice, were seduced, by colouring,
country, but it is also calculated to ad- to neglect the study of form. The bis-
vance the Fine Arts, by giving encou- torical painters of Germany, Flanders,
ragement to living genius. It was, by and Holland, are grosser instances of
thinking well of their own time and peo- this neglect. RAFFAELLE rendered
ple, that Greece, old Rome, and mo- whatever he derived from the Ancients
dern Italy, led the Fine Arts forward, subservient to nature, and the spirit of
step by step, from feeble infancy to the the age in which he lived; and in his
glory of their prime; and produced wise adaptation, as well as in his genius,
their great artists and great works.' surpassed all other painters since the
The countries in which this fostering revival of the arts. Poussin, on the
spirit is most felt, will make the greatest contrary, with all his great powerg, de-
advance; and if Greece produced the parted too much from living nature, and
purest specimens of grandeur and beauty, the spirit of the age in which he lived,
one great cause of her superiority may into that of the ancients, and is, thereby,
be found in the circumstance, that after less simple and agreeable in his composi-
her first rude lessons from EGYPT she tions, than if he had, like RAPPAELLE,
never diminished the force of this nan merged his imitation of the antique in
tional attachment to her own artists, by the spirit of his own time. It is a nice
looking out of her own dominion, and consideration, to weigh how far, after
instituting anti-Grecian comparisons in having assisted to elevate and ennoble
favour of earlier times, and foreign Italian art to a certain degree, the prac-
painters and sculptors. Old Rome, after tice of unlimited or injudicious imitation
the capture and plunder of Syracuse, in of the pure and exquisite remains of
the middle stages of her advancement, Roman and Grecian sculpture, did or
derived incalculable advantages from the did not contribute with other causes of
pure Grecian models, but she never customs, manners, and costume, to pre-
equalled the Grecians in the last stage of vent Italy, as in the instance of Poussin,
refinement, owing to her preference of from rivalling Greece in the highest re-
the military qualifications, the low esti- finements of form, character, and ex-
mation in which she held her artists, pression. This would require much
and the habit of constantly looking out room for discussion; but it is certain,
from herself to a foreign and superior that wherever this invitation is not grace-
school, whose forms were more obvious fully adapted to the spirit of modern
than the pure principles by which they times, art must fail in originality, exbibit
were produced. The discovery of so little beyond a dry repetition of cold pu-
many antique statues enabled the Italian rities and hacknied modes, and miss her
inasters of the fourteenth and fifteenth great end, a power of exercising a mo-
centuries to pass from the dry and mean ral influence over the understanding,
taste of the Gothic forms, to the simpli- through her hold upon the heart. One
city and grandeur of the great style: great point, to which our present rea-
but beside the difference of subjects, soning tends, is derivable from the cir.
customs and apparel, they were like old cumstance, that Italy having no Roman
Rome, still as an inferior, seeking, in or Grecian paintings to adorn her
some degree, to excel by imitation. churches and palaces, their artists, in
RAPPAELLE reaped immense improve their advances from stage to stage, were
ment from the ancient remains in Italy, not subjected to an invidio!is comparison
and the drawings and models which he with painters of other countrics and


52
[Feb. 1,
Fine Arts.
former times. The painters themselves whole body of our native artists and their
looked beyond their own age and coun- PATRONS, the ROYAL ACADEMY and
try to the ancient marbles for principles; THE BRITISH INSTITUTION, more
but the pontiffs, the Italian princes and closely; and to establish the glory of
nobles, and people, cherished and honour. England in the Fine Arts as triunph-
ed their nutive artists ; they took a na- antly as our victorious fleets and armies
tional pride in their works, aud it is to have established her fame in arms. .
this national enthusiasm for their native We mean, in our nextcommunication,
artists that the world is indebted for the particularly to ro'ice the fine series of
grandest efforts of their genius.
National Medals executing by Mr. Mu-
The preceding important truths can- DIE, in cominemoration of the British
not be too often pressed upon the atten- victories during the late war. This ex-
tion of England. A mind loaded with cellent artist, both as a man of ge-
the mere events of history, without nius and spirit, has peculiar claims on
tracing the changes in national charac- public taste and patriotism. The me-
ter, may be likened to the area of a lancholy case of CLENNEL, the painter,
great city filled by an earthquake with comes before the public with an irresisti.
a chaos of splendid ruins. The Philoso- ble force, and shall, also, receive our best
pher or Statesman, who would furnish support and recommendation.
lessons of wisdom for the guidance of In the meantime we insert the follow-
social institutions, must look beyond the ing statement of the inelancholy circum-
mere whirl of occurrences, and analyze stances which have given rise to the
the principles by which empires have plan of a subscription to a print by
emerged from barbarism to the highest BROMLEY, froin this excellent painter's
glory of refinement; and the neglect of picture of the Battle of Waterloo :-
which, caused them to sink back into “ Mr. CleNNELL, the painter, is a na-
their original rudeness and obscurity. tive of Morpeth, in the county of Northum-
TV hatever other causes of custom, reli- berland, and was originally pupil to Mr.
gion, and imitation, may have contri- BEWICK, of Newcastle. Specimens of his
buted to render the Italian artists infe- talents, as an engaver on wood, will be
rior to those of ancient Rome and found in some of the most elegant publica-
Greece, we consider it an axiom that tions of the day. The beautiful illustrations
the superiority of the Italian schools, in of Rogers's Pleasures of Memory, from the
the best ages, over those of other coun-
designs of Stothard ; and the diploma of
tries, since the revival of the arts arose
the Highland Society, from a drawing by
the venerable President of the Royal Aca-
from the national pride with which the
demy, (the largest wood engraving of the
several states regarded their native art- age) are bo:h the productions of his hand.
ists. The deep sentiment of religion, But his genius did not stop here. He had
the splendour and power of the govern- not been long in London before he was
ments, the munificent patronage and known to the public as a painter, and one
esteem of the nobles, the praise of the too of no ordinary characier. Possessing
poets, the brilliant admiration of the an active and ardent mind, he saw and esti-
nien of wit and talents, the applauding mated the advantages held out by the British
energies of literature and the press,
Institution-he became one of its most assi-
combined, with the popular feeling, to
duous students, and soon distinguished him-
self in its annual exhibitions. His rapid
excite and keep alive an enthusiastic re-
progress was marked by the admirers and
verence and affection for their painters
lovers of art; and the patrons of the insti-
and sculptors. Their artists were
tution, ever ready to foster and encourage
cherished as a treasure from heaven. excellence, early and munificently rewarded
Public writers were at liberty to canvas his exertions.
their errors as men ; but an author, who - In the midst of this career of success, at
would persevere openly in attacking the moment of completing a picture for the
their professional reputation, and de- Earl of Bridgwater, representing the fete
crying the genius of his own tinne, would given by the City of London to the assem-
be considered an enemy to the glory of bled Sovereigns-a picture which had cost
his country; be treated with scorn by
him unheard-of labour, and which he had
the public, and receive any other pame
executed in a way to command the admira-
tion of all who saw it, even in its unfinished
but that of a friend, or a lover of the
and imperfect state-he was afficted with
Fine Arts.
the most dreadful of all maladies - the loss
Our sincere and constant efforts shall,
of reason! He has been now for nearly two
therefore, be directed to create a national years separated from his family and from
pride in British Genius, and a national society. This is but half the melancholy
love for BRITISH ART; to unite the tale :--His wife, fondly attached to him,


1819.]
New Inventions and Patents.
53
attending him day and night, fluctuating dren, the eldest only eight years of age, that
perpetually between the hope which the this publication is undertaken; and though
glimmerings of returning reason still held the committee who conduct it cannot but
out, and the almost despair which followed hope that the melancholy circumstances, in
on his again sinking into confirmed luna- which these little creatures are left, will not
cr-at the moment too when she seemed to fail to excite the commiseration of the pub-
her friends to have overcome the severity of lic, yet their main reliance is on the excel-
the trial, and was preparing to enter on some lence of the publication as a work of art.
business, by which she might support her The picture selected is a spirited and splen-
children, deprived of their father's aid-be- did composition, illustrative of a great na-
came herself subject to the same malady, tional event: which, while it added much to
which, being accompanied with fever, soon the military glory of the country, is still
terminated in death. The death of a young more endeared to all our memories by its
mother of a young family is always a most having given peace to a conflicting world.
afflicting event. In the present instance, the “ The reward conferred on this picture
visitation is singularly aggravater by the dis- by the British Institution must be consi-
tressing situation of the father, whose disor- dered as especially sanctioning the selection
der becomes every day more decided, and of the committee; and the well known talents
shose recovery is now placed almost beyond of the engraver are the best guarantee that
hope."
can be offered to the public for the excel-
" It is to provide for three young chil- lence of the whole.”
W. C.
NEW INVENTIONS AND PATENTS.
Mr. MATTHEW THOMAS, an American, which will, at one operation, cut and gather
has invented a method, by contrivance of standing corn, and prepare the ground for a
leverage, to propel almost all portable bo- crop of wheat or other grain, has lately been
dies with extraordivary ease and facility.- invented by a negro slave in Faquier county,
Every portable body to which this contri Virginia.
vance may be correctly applied, will, it is Mr. Maer, of Kelso, has, by a simple
said, be propelled with as much ease by one process, constructed an apparatus which
borse as by two horses without its applica- produces gas sufficient to supply len differ-
tion. He intends to apply it to Mr. Wood's ent burners, the flame of each far surpas-
plough, which he has brought from Ame- sing that of the largest candle, and which
rica, for the purpose of introducing here, as completely illuminate his shop, workshop,
it is said to be the best plough extant, both and dwelling-house, with the most pure pel-
for cheapness and mathematical adjust- lucid brightness, the cost of which is only
ment.
about three pence per night. Wax-cloth bags
Toan instrument lately invented in Rus- have been invented, which, when inflated
sia, the inventor has given the name of with gas, are removed at pleasure from place
Olimphikon (perhaps it should be the Olym- to place, and when ignited, they answer all
pikon). It is played like a harpsichord, the purposes of candles. By this process it
which it also rescinbles in form; but the lid would seem that any person, with bags as
is arched in a semicircle, and perforated with above prepared, may be furnished with gas
many round holes. Below is a pedal, and from the coal-pits, and apply the gas so pro-
by this means a handle is put in motion, cured to whatever number of tubes for lights
which probably turns a wheel covered with he has occasion for.
leather or horse-hair. By the pressure of
New Patents.
the keys, the strings are brought in con- Thomas Parker, of Sevenoaks, Kent,
tact with the wheel; and accordingly, as the bricklayer, for his method of regulating and
keys are touched with more or less force, a improving the draught of chimnies. Dated
music is produced which resembles that of Oct. 5, 1818.
all bow instruments combined. A change of WILLIAM FINCH, of Birmingham, gentle-
the stops causes it to resemble the flageolet man, for improvements in bridles. Dated
and the organ. The inventor refuses to Oct. 12.
shew the inside of his instrument
SAMUEL HOBDAY, of Birmingham, snuf-
FRANCIS SCHUSTER, a watchmaker at fer-maker, for an improved principle in
Vienna, has lately invented a keyed instru- making of snuffers without any spring or le-
ment of six octaves, which he calls the Adia- ver. Oct. 12.
phonon. This new instrument, as the name Sir WILLIAM CONGREVE, of Cecil-street,
indicates, possesses the advantage of keep- Westminster, bart. for new methods of con-
ing constantly in tune. It bears no aflinity structing steam-engines. Oct. 19
to the piano-forte, for its tone is something CHARLES WATT, of Ratcliff Highway,
between the harmonica and the organ. It is surgeon, for gilding and preparing quills
very simple in its construction, and resists and pens, by manual labour and chemical
every variety of temperature
operations, so as to render them more dur-
A communication in The Washington able and valuable. Oct. 31.
City Gazette announces, that a machine, NICHOLAS DESFORGES, of Bucklersbury,


54
[Feb. 1,
Letters from the Hon. Horace Walpole.
London, merchant, for certain improve- ter, for certain improvements in machinery
ments in propelling boats and other vessels. for sifting cinders, and discharging them
Oct. 31.
into a convenient receptacle ; which ma-
JOHN BOGAERTS, of Air-street, Piccadil. chinery is also applicable to other useful
ly, gentleman, for a method or methods of purposes. Nov. 12.
raising and lowering water on canal locks. Elisha HAYDEN COLLIER, late of Bos-
Nov. 10.
ton, America, but now of Charter-House-
EDMUND WOOLLEY, of Bilston, Stafford square, London, gent., for an improvement
shire, for an improvement in the machinery in fire-arms of various descriptions, which
for making wood-screw forgings. Nov. 10. improvement is also applicable to capnon.
JAMES INGLEDEW, of Little College. Nov. 14.
street, Westminster, licensed victualler, for JAMES FRASER, of Long-acre, copper-
the means of effecting a saving in the con- smith and engineer, for a new and original
sumption of the ordinary articles of fuel, by junction of tunnels in a steam-boiler; also
the application of certain well known mate new flues in the same, or the furnace con-
rials. Nov. 10.
nected with its erection); the steam-boilet to
Moses PoolE, of Lincoln's Inn, gentle be for the purposes of lessening the con-
man, for the application of known mastics sumption of fuel, the appearance of smoke,
or cements to various purposes, such as mo and the trouble of attendance. Nov. 14,
delling statues, making slabs, raising or im Richard WRIGHT, of Token-house-yard,
pressing figures, or other ornamental ap- for certain improvements in the construction
pearances; also the covering of houses, and of steam-engines, and the subsequent use of
in any other manner in which mastic or ce- steam. Nov. 14.
ment may or can be applied. Nov. 10. HENRY MATTHEWS, of Grelton-place,
John GRAFTON, late of London, now of East, Bethnal Green, for certain improve
Edinburgh, engineer, for a process or me- ments applicable to wheel-carriages or ve-
thod of making carburetted hydrogen gas hicles of different descriptions, calculated to
for the purpose of illumination. Nov 10. render them more safe and commodious.
JAMES HADDEN, jun. of Aberdeen, wool- Nov. 19.
len manufacturer, for an improvement in GEORGE CLYMER, late of Philadelphia,
preparing, roving, and spinning of wool.- but now of Corphill, merchant, for certain
Nov. 12,
improvements in ships' pumps, Nov. 21.
GEORGE JAMES CLARK, of Bath, work- JOHN CHANCELLOR, of Sacville-street,
ing cutler, for an apparatus for the more Dublin, watch-maker, for an improvement
easily applying the drag to a carriage wheel. for turning the leaves of music books in a
Nov. 12.
simple and effective manner, with or with-
WILLIAM STYLES, of Islington, carpen- out pedal work. Nov. 21.
CRITICAL REMARKS ON NEW PUBLICATIONS.
Letters from the Hon. HORACE WALPOLE py a pre-eminent rank on the great the-
to the Rev. William Cole, and others; atre of the world, are necessarily, to
from the year 1745 to the year 1782. some extent at least, actors; and it
4to. pp. 260.
would be in vain to look to their public
fit were demanded of a skilful limner, writings, expressions, and achievements,
under what circumstances he would wish for a distinct and satisfactory illustration
to sketch the portrait of a distinguished of their real sentiments and feelings
personage, he would undoubtedly reply, in all circumstances, and upon every sub-
when that personage was not only un- Ject connected with their transactions as
prepared for, but even unconscious of his private characters. Such reflections na-
design; he would then be enabled, not turally arise in our minds upon the peru-
merely to represent the features of the sal of the present volume. The celebrity
individual with pictorial accuracy, but, of the author, his elegant genias, and the
what is of still greater consequence to clear and steady light which his commu-
pourtray the characteristic lines impres- nications have thrown upon important
sed upon his countenanoe, by the opera and dubious political events, in the reigns
tions of the master passions and feelings, of George I. and II. must, we conceive,
which might happen to be peculiar to
render the publication of so large and
him,
valuable a portion of his correspondence,
These remarks, by a clear analogy of an epoch of no common interest in the
reasoning, are strictly applicable to the literary and scientific world. The vir-
private and confidential correspondence tuoso and the philosopher will here find
of celebrated men. In a certain sense recorded, in the simple but striking lan-
it may be affirmed, that all those whose guage of undisguised feeling, the work-
situations and talents call them to occu- ings of a powerful and ingenuous mind,


1819.)
Letters from the Hon. Horace Walpole.
stored with a rich variety of information ancient castle, (a very natural dream for a
upon the greater part, if not all, of those head filled like mine with gothic story,) and
subjects, with which they are most inti- that on the uppermost bannister of a great
mately acquainted. The general reader
eral reader stair-case, I saw a gigantic hand in armour.
In the evening I sat down and began to write,
of taste, will appreciate the graces of a
without knowing in the least what I intended
style, easy without negligence, occasion-
to say or relate. The work grew on my
ally forcible but never turgid, and
hands, and I grew fond of it-add, that I
sprightly without being frivolous. He
was very glad to think of any thing rather
will also admire the natural and exqui than politics. In short, I was so engrossed
site strokes of satire which abound in with my tale, which I completed in less than
Mr. Walpole's letters, and will perceive two months, that one evening, I wrote from
that this illustrious man aims the pierc- the time I had drunk my tea, about six
ing darts of ridicule with such consum- o'clock, till half an hour after one in the
mate skill, that they never fail to pene-
morning, when my hand and fingers were
trate the vulnerable parts of his adver-
so weary, that I could not hold the pen to
finish the sentence, but left Matilda and Isa-
sary,
bella talking in the middle of a paragraph.
The subjects of these epistles consist,
You will laugh at my earnestness; but if I
chiefy, of Mr. Walpole's researches in
have amused you by retracing, with any fide-
virtû, the opinions he had formed, and lity, the manners of ancient days, I am con-
confidently avows, upon several of the tent, and give you leave to think me as idle
most eminent literati of the times in as you please.""
which he wrote, the origin and progress Mr. Walpole avows himself to be the
of some of his most admired works, and author of a letter, supposed to have been
miscellaneous remarks on men and man- written by Frederick the Great to Jean
ners. The political, we mnight add here- Jacques Rousseau. In the subjoined
ditary, principles of our author, were passage of the thirty-sixth letter, he spe-
those of a confirmed whit. He never cifies this furtive attack upon that sub-
mentions his father Sir Robert Walpole, lime but erratic genius, the "self tortur-
but in terms of enthusiastic respect and ing sophist” of Ermonville,
affection. Few of our readers, perhaps,
“ Rousseau is gone to England with Mr.
will be disposed to coincide with him in Hume. You will very probably see a letter
the lavish encomiums he bestows upon to Rosseau, in the name of the King of Prus-
that minister; who, although not the sia, writ to laugh at his affectations. It has
parent, was certainly a most successful made excessive noise here, and I believe
nurse of corruption. The religious opi- quite ruined the author with many philoso-
nions of Horace Walpole are not easily phers. When I say that I was the author,
to be deduced from this portion of his
it is telling you how cheap I hold their an-
correspondence. It must, however, beger. If it does not reach you, you shall
I see it at Strawberry, where I flatter myself
inferred from the general tenor of his
I shall see you this summer, and quite well."
writings, though the deduction is a pain-
His sentiments of the elegant and
ful one, that his sentiments were those of
ingenious spendthrift Shenstone, are
a latitudinarian,
strongly expressed in the subsequent
Our readers will recognise in the fol-
paragraph, from the forty-ninth letter.
lowing extract from the twenty-third
« I have been eagerly reading Mr. Shen-
letter in this collection, a striking resem-
stone's letters, which, tho' containing nothing
blance in the temperament of feeling,
but trifles, amused me extremely, as they
which produced the singular romance of mention so many persons I know, particu-
« The Castle of Otranto," and that in larly myself. I found there what I did not
which the “ New Heloise," originated. know, and what, I believe, Mr. Gray him-
"I had time to write but a short note with self never knew, that his ode on my cat was
« The Castle of Otranto," as your messen- written to ridicule Lord Littleton's Monody.
ger called on me at four o'clock, and as I was It is just as true as that the latter will sur-
going to dine abroad. Your partiality to me vive, and the former be forgotten. There
and « Strawberry” have, I hope, inclined is another anecdote equally vulgar, and void
you to excuse the wildness of the story. of truth: That my father, gitting in
You will even have found some traits to put George's coffee-house,(I suppose Mr. Shen-
you in mind of this place. When you read stone thought, that, after he quitted his place,
of the picture quitting its pannel, did Dot you he went to coffee-houses to learn news,) was
recollect the portrait of Lord Falkland, all asked to contribute to a figure of himself,
white in my gallery? Shall I even confess to that was to be beheaded by the mob. I do
you, what was the origin of this romance? remember something like it, but it happened
I waked one morning in the beginning of to myself. I met a mob just after my father
last June, from a dream, of which, all I could was out, in Hanover-square, and drove up to
Fecorer was, that I had thought myself in an it to know what was the matter. They were


56
[Feb. 1,
The Campaign of 1815.
carrying about a figure of my sister. This thing easily but things of humour. Humour
probably gave rise to the other story. That was his natural and original turn-and
on my uncle I never heard; but it is a good though from his childhood, he was grave
story, and not at all improbable. I felt great and reserved, his genius led him to see
pity on reading these letters for the narrow things ludicrously and satirically; and
circumstances of the author and the passion though his health and dissatisfaction gave
for fame that he was tormented with ; and him low spirits, his melancholy turn was
yet he had much more fame than his talents much more affected than his pleasantry in
intitled him to. Poor man! he wanted to writing. You knew him enough to know I
have all the world talk of him for the pretty am in the right; but the world in general
place he had made; and which he seems always wants to be told how to think, as well
to have made only that it might be talked as what to think. The print, I agree with
of."
you, though like, is a very disagreeable
We cannot deny ourselves the plea likeness, and the worst likeness of him. It
sure of quoting the following lines, writ. gives the primness he had when under con-
ten by Mr. Walpole for an inscription
straint; and there is a blackness in the
on a cross in the ground of Lord Ossory,
countenance which was like him only the
at Ampthill.
last time I ever saw him, when I was much
struck with it; and though I did not appre-
In days of old here Ampthill's towers were
hend him in danger, it left an impression on
seen,
The mournful refuge of an injured queen.
me that was uneasy, and almost prophetic of
what I heard but too soon after leaving
Here flowed her pure, but unavailing tears ; him. Wilson drew the picture under much
Here blinded zeal sustained her sinking
such an impression, andI could not bear it in
• years.
Yet freedom hence her radiant banners
my room; Mr. Mason altered it a little, but
wav'd,
still it is not well, nor gives any idea of the
And love avenged a realm by priests en-
determined virtues of his heart. It just
serves to help the reader to an image of the
slaved.
From Cath’rine's wrongs a nations bliss was
person, whose genius and integrity they
most admire, if they are so happy as to have
spread,
And Luther's light, from Henry's lawless
a taste for either."
bed.
We will not multiply quotations from
For the benefit of those literary gen- this interesting volume, as we are per-
tlemen who are desirous of adding the suaded that such of our readers as are
distinctive appellation of A.S.S. to their already in the possession of the former
other scientific titles, we will give one of works of Mr. Walpole, will think these
the various philippics of Mr. Walpole collections imperfect without the addi-
against the genius and proceedings of the tion to them of the present correspond
antiquarian society at that period. It is ence.
proper, however, to add, that the attic The Campaign of 1815, or a Narratire of
salt of his strictures on this head, seems the Military Operations which took place
to have been blended with the nitrous in France and Belgium, during the Hun-
acid of some personal animosity.
dred Days. WRITTEN AT ST. HELENA,
“I can be of little use to Mr. Granger, in By General GOURGAUD. pp. 234.
recommending him to the antiquarian soci We have heard that the French had
ety. I dropped my attendance there four or their odes, in commemoration of the
five years ago, from being sick of their ig- Battle of WATERLOo, as well as our-
norance and stupidity, and have not been
selves; and if we were to put any faith
three times amongst them since. They have
chosen to expose their dulness to the world,
in the attestations of General Gourgaud,
and crowned it with Dean Mille's nonsense.
we ought not to be much surprised;
I have written them a little answer to the since, by his account, had it not been for
last, which you shall see, and then wash my the unlucky intervention of “Destiny,"
hands of them."
and the cruel desertion of “Fortune,"
The following extract from the eighty-
his master would certainly have been
ninth letter, presents us with Mr. Wal victorious, and the British defeated in
pole's opinion of the genius, character,
that engagement. As for the Duke of
and writings of Gray.
Wellington, we learn from the volume
“ You are too candid in submitting at
before us, that in no part of his military
once to my defence of Mr. Mason. It is
carcer, has he exhibited so absurd a spe-
true I am more charmed with bis book than
than cimen of his generalship, as in the total
I almost ever was with one. I find more
overthrow of Napoleon, in what the
people like the grave letters than those of French, and our modern reformists, are
humour, and some think the latter a little pleased to term the action of Mont Sr.
affected, which is as wrong a judgment as JEAN. He “ought not to have engaged
they could make; for Gray never wrote any his troops at Quatre Bras, but should


1819.)
57
The Campaign of 1815.
have eyacuated Belgium, in order to wait they would have gained the day if Mar-
for the arrival of the armies of Russia shal Ney had acted otherwise than he
and Austria on the Meuse." Again, did, and if dispatches of great conse-
" It was the intention of the emperor to quence, had not miscarried in their tran-
have slept at Brussels, on the night of sit to Marshal Grouchy, &c. In fact,
the 18th," since
the sum and substance of this farrago of
“ It was not probable that the Duke of falsehoods and extravagancies, amount,
Wellington, having the forest of Soignès (as an able periodical critic* has already
and Brussels in his rear, would give battle. observed,) to neither more nor less than
That would not have been likely, even
this;—“All that Buonaparte did was
though the contest had been wholly Belgi-
right, and should have succeeded, but it
um, but it was ABSURD to suppose he would
do so when the French army formed the
failed ; and all that the allies did was
whole of the disposable forces of Napoleon;
wrong, and should have failed, but it
while the hostile armies formed only one succeeded!"
third of the forces leagued against France.”
The editor of the “Old Hunthly Ma-
And yet we are informed in another gazine," announces General Gourgaud's
part of this impartial relation, that the work, as the “most important book of
allied arinies exceeded their adversaries the month," and adds, “ It was written
on that erentful day, by nearly 20,000 in St. Helena, under the superintendance
men. Now admitting this, for the sake of the emperor, and being therefore an
of argument, to have been the case, AUTHENTIC RECORD (!!!), it puts to
(although we all very well know that flight the thousand fables and falsehoods
it was directly the reverse,) how does which a WEAK and BASE party have pro-
such an affirmation harmonize with the mulgated, relative to the circumstances
paragraph previously quoted? Or how attending this modern battle of Pharsa-
could our immortal commander be guilty
lia.”! Since when, we would enquire,
of “ absurdity", in entirely frustrating has the tyrant Napoleon, whose justly
the plan his adversary had so agreeably merited exile has afforded the Oid
devised for birouacking that night at
Monthly Magazine, and its allies in prin.
Brussels, by attempting to take a Nap ciple, su famous a topic for declamation,
himself in the same neighbourhood. Such never exhausted, but always ready as a
wilful and deliberate misrepresentation reserve for an attack upon the govern-
is, surely, sufficient to invalidate the ment of their country, been considered
greater part, if not all the averments, as entitled to any deference on the score of
made throughout these pages, the grand veracity ? What possible claim to authen-
aim of which appears to be, an attempt ticity can any documents have, which
to relieve Buonaparte from the odium come from his hands, or from his dicta-
so universally and deservedly attached tion? We really think it must appear to
to him, for his base and unmanly deser. all unprejudiced persons, who have ob-
tion of his fellow soldiers in the grand served with attention, the events which
finale to the campaign of 1815, and his have occurred since Buonaparte first
mean and cowardly abdication of the came into note, --who have marked his
throne on his return to Paris; by depre- moral as well as liis political turpitude
ciating, as far as the contracted powers his breaches of faith, and the whole to
of the author would permit, the valor nor of his conduct, both public and pri-
of the British troops, and the skill and vate, that no work could have a worse
conduct of the greatest captain of this, possible claim to the confidence of the
tre might almost say of any age. The world, than that of its having proceeded
following pleasant notice, prefixed to the from the ex-emperor of France, or any
twelfth chapter of the book, will perhaps one connected with him.
better explain the intentions of the wri That the professed object of the vo-
ter than any other passage we could lume in question, namely, that of detracb.
adduce.
ing from the merits due to our country-
“ The emperor having abdicated, the An- men, for their late noble and gallant at-
glo-Belgic and Prussian armies IMPRU chievements, would give it an eminent
DENTLY advance upon Paris. This ma- title to the approbation of the cditor of
noeuvre, which ought to have led to their the Old Monthly Magazine, may readily
ruin, proved completely successful.''!!! be supposed; but that he should have
Besides a variety of equally amusing chosen to denominate that party weak,
observations, a string of ifs runs through which has effected what has been so glo-
the “ Narrative," about the certainty of riously accomplished by the present
sticcess if such and such a plan had been
adopted, and the clear probability that
* Literary Gazette.
NEW MONTHLY Mag.--No. 61. VOL. XI.


58 .
The Campaign of 1815.
(Feb. I,
ministry, is ludicrous enough. His ac- execution of their duty, by one of his
quaintance with the mathematics should friends.
have taught him that he was reasoning Perhaps the extraction of this gas-
upon a false hypothesis, and that his conading Frenchman may not be gene-
conclusion was a “ non sequitur." It rally known; we will detail it. He calls
forcibly reminds us of the scepticism of himself Baron Gourgaud; but we be-
Rebecca Penlake, in the celebrated glee lieve he would be troubled to produce
of “St. Michael's Chair," who could not the patent of his nobility. His father,
persuade herself that she was not her whose name was Dugazon, was a cele-
husband's master, though
brated comedian, and his mother was
nurse to the present Duke de Berri.
Richard Penlake oft a crab-stick would
He is a natural son; and received his
take,
To convince her that he was the stronger."
education at the Military School of
Paris. Having served in several of Na-
As for the epithet “ Base," we retort
poleon's campaigns, he was for the last
it upon the faction which has endea-
six years of the Emperor's reign, taken
voured to excite public sympathy for a
ra into his special confidence, who employed
ir
man, who, if his enemies had been of him chiefly in his cabinet, and about
his disposition, would, long ere now, his person. After the restoration of
have expiated the various murders le the Bourbons, in 1814, he reinained in
has committed in France, Egypt, Spain, Paris ; and the Duke de Berri, owing to
and Russia, on the scaffold! This would
a kindly remembrance of his nurse, ex-
have been justice-bare justice : as it is, tendeď his protection to him, and he
he has experienced justice tempered
retained his rank in the army. Yet
with mercy, yet he is not content. His
when Buonaparte returned from Elba,
partizans, the self styled friends of li-
he was one of the first to shout “ VIVE
berty and humanity, complain of the L'EMPEREUR!”-Such was his gratitude
cruelty with which he is treated; and the for the
the for the favours he had experienced.
Editor of the Old Monthly Magazine has Before we conclude these observa-
the impudence to recommend his resto- tin
tions, we may remark, that the firct of
ration to Eba, that he may again have an Buonaparte's poisoning his troops in
opportunity of disturbing that peace,
ace; Egypt, which Sir Robert Wilson so
which is, at length, so happily established
ably exposed, and which, to please his
in Europe.
constituents of Southwark, he has so
Geveral Gourgaud too, is a fit ob-
shamefully endeavoured to invalidate,
ject for the sympathy of those indi-
has received additional confirmation in
viduals who could feel no commi-
a work published at Paris, entitled,
seration for the unfortunate victims to
o “ Victories and
Victoria
Conquests of the
the ruthless ambition of his master! F
| master! French.” Buonaparte's conversation
It was a great pity he was ever suffered within
with Dergenettes, chief of the medical
to land in England: but he came over staff. is related by General Beauvais.
with a canting plausible tale, which The doctor declined the office of mur-
imposed upon Lord Bathurst, and pro-
derer, and it was undertaken by one
cured for him the protection of that
Royer, a wretch attached to the medical
nobleman. However, when he had
staff, who remained in the country when
accomplished the purpose for which he
it was evacuated by the French army,
visited this country, he threw off his
and was executed by the Turks as a
mask, and avowed himself the friend of
spy. The number of persons thus sent
Napoleon ; though he had but a short to their final account is not stated: but
time before declared, he had strong the opium was administered to the sick
reason to be dissatisfied with him, and of thirty hospitals ! Some few recorered:
that it was on this account he left St. but by far the greater part perished.
Helena. He, moreover, acknowledged we sliould be rlad to hear what Sir
that he expected to be sent out of R. Wilson has now to say upon this
England, but that it was of no conse- subject. It is generally understood,
quence, for his mission was completed."
1. that the whigs intend to bring before
the account published in the Morning Parliament the subject of the ex-Em-
Chronicle, of his arrest, is an infamous
peror's ill treatment. Will this “ able
fabrication, from beginning to end.
partizan" defend him from the enor-
He was neither treated with cruelty normities with which he has himself acclused
violence; the violence was all on his
his hiun, or will he content himself with a
bin
own part, for the police officers were
silcnt vote in aid of the cause of treache-
si
assaulted, most outrag cously, in the ry and resolution?-It remains to be
prored.


1819.1
59
Antar ; a Bedoueen Romance.
Antar, a Bedoueen Romance, translated the purity of its “ native freshness," it
from the Arabic, by TERRICK HAMILTON, must be in every respect uninteresting,
Esq. Oriental Secretary to the British not to say revolting. "That we may not
Embassy at Constantinople. 8vo. pp. 298. monopolize sentiments, into a share of
WE have in vain edeavoured to trace which our readers will expect to be ad.
the drift and intention of Mr. Hamilton, mitted, we shall furnish them with one
in bestowing his time and talents upon or two extracts, impartially selected,
a work of this nature; and we cannot which will give them some insight into
but feel considerable difficulty in pro- the style of the Romance, at least, in
nouncing a fair judgment upon its me- its present form, and inspire them with
rits. Professing, as he does, to give a an horrific admiration of the tremen-
literal translation of the original Ro- dous exploits of the almost omnipotent
mance, and to adhere strictly to Arabic Antar. . This hero, we should premise,
idioms, and oriental phraseology, with- is not altogeter a fictitious personage :
out permitting himself to be led into an he was the descendant of an Arab
indulgence of ornament, which, we are prince by a black slave, whose extraor-
told, “ would have been equally remote dinary courage and exalted genius, had
from the nice refinement of the Lan- raised him, from a state of bondage, to a
guages of Europe, and from the co- pre-eminence over all the chiefs of
pions simplicity of that of the Desert," Arabia. Whether the writer of this
he does not leave us the opportunity of Romance has done justice either to his
offering, perhaps, the only opinion military prowess, or to his natural abi-
which the production would appear to lities, must be left to those who are un-
call for ; namely, with respect to the fortunately destined to peruse the vo-
fidelity of the translation. Upon this lume before us, to determine.
point, as we are not in possession of " The woman's name was Zebeeda, and
the original, we are altogether in the the two children were her's; the eldest was
dark. With all his apparent modesty, called Jereer, and the youngest Shiboob.
however, it is evident that Mr. Hamil. He remained with the women in the field.
ton endeavours to institute a higher and the children tended the flocks. Shedad
claim to literary honour than that of visited her morning and evening; and thus
a mere translator; and we cannot be- matters continued til she became pregnant;
lieve that he would be perfectly satisfied, and when her time came, she brought forth
even, if we were enabled to bestow upon
a boy, black and swarthy, like an elephant,
his volume the most unqualified appro-
flat-nosed, blear-eyed, harsh featured, shag-
gy haired, the corners of his lips hanging
bation, as a literal translation alone.
down, and the inner angles of his eyes
The allusion to the " Arabian Nights,"
bloated; strong boned, long footed; he was
and the ludicrous, we had almost said, like a fragment of a cloud; his ears im-
farcical comparison, that is drawn mensely long, and with eyes whence flashed
between “ the irresistible Antar," and sparks of fire. His shape, limbs, form
the heroes of Homer, explain away all and make, resembled Shedad : and Shedad
his studied diffidence, and sufficiently was overjoyed at seeing him, and called
evince his real views; which, under a him Antar; and for many days he conti-
garb of conciliatory modesty, he has,
nued to gaze on him with delight. But
not imprudently, sought to withhold,
when Zebeeda wished to wean him, he
grumbled and growled exceedingly, and the
awaiting the success of his first publica-
corners of his eyes became fiery red, so
tion. For his own sake, more than for
that he appeared like a mass of crimson
that of the public at large, we would blood; and this was his condition till he
caution him against putting forth a was weaned. And he grew up, and his
second volume of the enormous absur- name became known; but those who ac-
dities, with which the first is so ridi. companied Shedad in the expedition, all
culously replete. If it be peculiar to the wanted to claim him as theirs. This cir-
language of the Desert to exclude all taste, cumstance reached the King Zoheir, who
all refinement, and all truth of colouring,
ordered them to his presence; and it hap-
ordered them to
admitting only of unnatural crudities, pene
pened on that day, that he had many guests
with him at dinner; and whilst they were
and extravagant impossibilities, it surely
sitting down, Shedad and his companions
were far better to confine it to the De-
came and kissed the ground in the presence
sert altogether, than to clothe it in Eng-
of the King. He asked them what had
lish attire, and then expose it to the happened, and what was the cause of the
more enlightened part of mankind, to quarrel ? They then informed him; and
whom, as they are unable to appreciate related all that had passed between Shedad
"the copiousness of its simplicity," or and the woman in their excursion ; how he


60
(Feb. I,
Antur ; a Bedoueen Romance.
me
had taken her to himself, and had given all the tribe were his enemies; he used to
them the plunder; how she bore him a son, employ himself in tending the flocks, and as
whose shape and appearance resembled a he conducted them, he wandered about the
negro, and how they all pow claimed the deserts and plains, and loved solitude and
child as their slave.
retirement."
When Zoheir heard this adventure, he
If these torturing and thrashing qua-
was greatly surprised, and he said to She-
lities were so predominant, it was cer-
dad, I wish you would produce the young
slave that is the object of contention, that I tainly a fortunate circumstance for his
may see him. Upon that Shedad de companions, that he did love solitude and
parted, and brought Antar before him: and retirement. But is this premature dis-
the King beheld him, and lo! he was like a position to tyranny represented as a
lion when he roars. As soon as he saw promise of future greatness? Is this
him, he gave a loud scream, and threw a impatience of all controul, this early
piece of meat at him ; but a dog that was resistance of all opposition to self-will,
there got before him, and snatched up the an indication of goodness ? Oh dear,
meat like a hawk, and ran away: but Antar no! This is Arabian simplicity!
followed him till he came up with him, he
The last extract we shall present to
was greatly enraged, and seized hold of him
the notice of our readers contains an
with all his strength; he wrenched open his
jaws, and tore them in twain, even to the
account of the heroic exploits of Antar,
shoulders, and snatched the meat out of his arrived at a state of manhood.
mouth. When the King saw this, he was
“ No sooner did the tribe of Maam behold
astonished, and the Arab chiefs that were
Antar's blow, than every one was seized
present were amazed, and exclaimed,
with fear and dismay. The whole five
what ingenuity, what power, strength and
thousand men made an attack like the attack
ability !!"
of a single man; but Antar received them
as the parched ground receives the first of
Unlike the King of Denmark, it
the rain, exhibiting to them his power and
would seem here as if every devil had his courage. His eye-balls were fiery red,
set his seal, to give the world assurance and foam issued from the corners of his
of a monster. We doubt whether our lips; wherever he smote, he cleft the head;
fair countrywomen will feel much inter- every warrior he assailed, he annihilated ;
ested in the chivalrous adventures of this and as the warriors still pressed on him, he
young knight, the ardour of whose love
tore a rider from the back of his horse, he
is represented as one of the most pro-
heaved him up on high, and whirling him
minent features of his character. The
in the air, struck down a second with him,
taste of Arabian females, may, how-
and the two instantly expired!“ By thine
ever, differ in some degrce from the pro-
eyes, O Jbla," he cried, “ to day will I
destroy all this race.” Thus he proceeded,
bably mistaken nicety of European re- until he terrified the warriors, and hurled
finement; and we cannot doubt that the them into woe and disgrace, hewing off
historian meant to paint him in the co. their arms and their joints. At length the
lours of Arabian beauty and simplicity. five thousand retreated from the combat,
His form and figure exactly resembling for fear and terror had completely shaken
those of his father, so rejoiced Shedad, them, and more than nine hundred horse-
that he continued to gaze upon him
men he had slain, and gained an entire vic-
many days with delight!!!
tory over them.”
As he advances into boyhood, he dis After this, who can wonder at the
plays all the promising features of his childish exploits of Baron Munchausen?
* future excellence:
The intrepidity of the Spartans was
66 Now Antar was becoming a big boy, actual cowardice to this--and as for the
and grew up, and used to accompany his
battles of Copenhagen and Waterloo,
mother to the pastures, and he watched the we ought to feel ashamed of them.
cattle; and this he continued to do, till he “ Desine pervicax," says Mr. Hamilton,
increased in stature. He used to walk and and we have done, only concluding by it
run about to harden himself, till at length hearty recommendation, that this mass of
his muscles were strengthened, his frame absurdity be recommitted to the “STORY
altogether more robust, and his bones more Tellers of the coffee houses in Egypt,
firm and solid, and his speech correct.
Syria, and Arabia," and that this may
He then began to tyrannize over boys of
be the last, as it is the first attempt to
the same age, and beat his brothers; and,
when he returned from the pasture, he
transpose into an European language,
amused himself with the servants and
“ a real Arabian Story, depicting the
women,and he would eat nothing but what he original manners of the Arabs of the
liked; and whoever offended him, he would Deserts, uncorrupted by the artificial and
thrash with a stick, till he tortured him, and refined customs of the neighbouring
cities!"


1819.)
61
The Minstrel of the Glen, and other Poeins.
P. 44.
the wildBi.
The Minstrel of the Glen, and other Poems. veiled in the " tender gloom of twi-
By HENRY STEBBING. 8vo. pp. 137. light," it is involved in pitchy and impe-
Never, surely, was there so confirm- netrable darkness. Several inaccuracies
ed and distressing a “rabies" for rhym- occur in the course of the volume, with
ing, as prevails at the present time in
some few absurdities, which we should
this country. Scarcely a week olapses
conceive to have resulted from affecta-
without the infliction on the public of tion; for instance,
one or more volumes of verses; and so
My joys are faded, ard my lay
powerful is the contagion, that high and
An artless tale can only say. p. 8.
low, young and old, rich and poor, are
For a moment in stony peace he stands.
all, more or less, infected with the ma-
nia. Some content themselves with Leare they the rocky barrier rude,
stringing together their crude concep Gain they the glen's sweet solitude.
tions, in the form of odes, elegies, son-
p. 47.
nets, &c.; whilst others, less merciful As ever nurstled Sorrow's child. p. 59.
to their readers,
And knew to be that vagrant young,
“ Send their goods to market-all alive!
Who often in these halls hath sung.
Lines forty thousand, cantos twenty-five."
We would by no means have it under-
In the loveliest wild'rings of the wild.
stood that we think there is too much
his breast more high,
poetry published, though we feel pretty
Seems bursting with the biggened hell,
well assured, that a great deal of the
To big within that breast to dwell. p. 77.
sing-song which has recently emanated Far from the scenes where many a silent
from the press, under that denomina-
tion, might have been spared, without Tho' mixed with sorrows oft hare cheered
any material loss to the admirers of the my heart.
p. 120.
Ladies of Helicon. If authors must That there is only the breadth of a
publish, let them wait till their talents, hair between the furthest stretch of
(when they possess any) arrive at some- sublimity, and downright absurdity, the
thing like a state of maturity, and not following passage from the “ Bride of
throw away the chance they might have Abydos," with Mr. Stebbing's ridiculous
had of gaining some reputation, by print- imitation of it, will sufficiently demon-
ing a parcel of trash, written before they strate. Lord Byron, with daring sim-
emerged from their teens. The plea of plicity, says-
youth might, in a court of justice, pro- i N.
tice, proc “ Now gleamed on high a glaring torch.
cure for the offender some remission of
Another-and another--and another!
punishment, but this excuse will hardly Oh, tly no more--yet, now my more than
be admitted at the bar of criticism;
brother."
since, the very judgment that suggested And Mr. S.-
the palliation, ought, it will be consi- Hark-hearest thou not that shriek of
dered, to have obviated the necessity of
pain ?
making it all. These observations are Again--and again--and again
not intended to apply, in their fullest It comes, &c. p. 40.
force, to Mr. Stebbing ; for though he We have pointed out some of the de-
appears to have been in too great a fects of this volume, we now come to the
hurry to get into print, and, conse- more grateful task of particularizing its
quently, to have neglected the two most beauties. The following lines are in
indispepsable requisites in the compo- Scott's best manner;-
sition of poetry-polish and perspicuity;
Slumbering is Dian's silver beam
yet, amid the many errors with which O'er the low glen and mountain stream!
his volume abounds, there occur, occa Softly the evening breezes stray,
sionally, passages of more than common Sighing to sleep the sinking day :
beauty, which serve only to contrast The skies' fair blue looks soit and bright
with the worthlessness, by which they
As sweetest maiden's eye of light;
are but too frequently surrounded.--
And all is fair and witching still,
The story of the principal poem in the
As moonlight melting o'er the rill.
Most sweet it is in such an hour,
collection is perfectly unintelligible ; and
Upon the hill, or 'neath the bower,
notwithstanding the predilection the au-
To dream on joys and pleasures fiorn,
thor expresses, in his defence of its ob-
To bless the memory of the gone ;
ecurity in the preface, for “ pictures
And still in peace to sing again,
thrown into the shade," we cannot re Some long-neglected youthful strain.
ceive such an apology for the produc For, as the wild notes softly die,
tion in question; as, so far from being Tho' wet with many a tear the eye,


Remarks on Musical Instruction-Barrow's Voyages. (Feb. 1,
12
37.21
Each joy and pleasure once that blest, fortiori, the two, united, will require
Again delights the rising breast;
more ; and as the object of the cultiva-
Each being our bosoms held most dear, tion of the science of music at all, in an
Smileth in angel beauty near;
amateur, is that of amusement only, it
And the fair shades of better days
becomes a consideration whether that
Rise sweetly to our wakening lays. p. 6.
time which may be spared from his other
. There is also much to commend in
avocations, towards a tolerable profi-
the poem entitled the “ Pleasures of
ciency in the practical art, could be so
Contemplation,” though such lines as
advantageously devoted, with reference
this, evince a great want of care-
to that object, to the joint cultivation of
“ The rosy-crimson'd Aush the deep and
the theoretical science. As this ques-
purpled tint." p. 104.
The Address to Sympathy has much
tion resolves itself into one that embraces,
merit, we shall conclude with it:-
and must have reference to particular
O Sympathy! sweet bosom friend!
and individual circumstances, it is, per-
With thee grief melts in bliss;
haps, impossible to form a correct gene-
The joys of Heaven's existence blend ral opinion upon the subject; but as the
In all the sighs of this.
cultivation of music, where it can be pro-
Friendship may lull the gay of mind perly pursued, cannot fail of being at-
In Folly's careless dream,
tended with the most happy conse-
But firmer far her hand will bind, quences, both to the amateur himself,
Bathed in Affliction's stream
and to society in general, we feel no he-
Fortune may flush in joyance wild,
sitation in bestowing our meed of appro-
Her heart may wilder beat;
bation upon all attempts to facilitate its
But the lone cot where ne'er she smiled
access, and to systematize its plan of edu-
Can offer joys more sweet.
Unknown to her the speechless bliss
ation. The valuable essay, which has oc-
casioned the present observations, seems
Thy power alone imparts,
When bright Affection's glowing kiss
well calculated to effect these objects.
Dries every tear that starts.
Its strictures upon the very complex mode
For good to every state below,
of teaching THOROUGH Bass, are just,
Hath given the Power above-
and highly deserving the attention of
To Fortune, Pleasure's deeper glow, professional masters; in whom, however,
To Sorrow, Sympathy and Love. there appears to be implanted a kind of
Remarks on the Present State of Musical general tenaciousness of their own ideas
Instruction, with the Prospectus of an and opinions, an impatience of innova.
Improved Plan, &c. 8vo. pp. 44.
tion upon the rules of the old school, and
Our late copious criticisms upon Mr. an unwillingness to depart from already.
G. Jones's History of the Rise and Pro- established principles, however wide a.
gress of Music, Theoretical and Practic field may be opened for improvement.
cal, preclude the necessity of entering, A Chronological History of Voyages into
inuch at length, into the prefatory re- the Arctic Regions. By John Barrow,
marks contained in the first part of this F.R.S. pp. 427.
ingenious little pamphlet. Upon the The qualifications required in a com-
general question of the advantages de- piler are, a patient and laborious ex-
rived from a knowledge of the theory of amination into the authenticity of the
music, as well as of the practice of it, works he abstracts; a candid selection
there can scarcely be two opinions, at of the ablest productions; a strict fide-
least, so far as it is applicable to the pro- lity in his statements; a judgment un-
fessional student. In Paris, in Vienna, perverted by an over-weening fondness
and in Naples, a sense of the actual ne- for speculation, and a style distinguished
cessity of such knowledge cannot be by perspicuity and simplicity; from
more clearly evinced, than by the atten- which all the higher and inapplicable or-
tion which is there paid, equally to the sci- nainents of composition are excluded.-
ence and to the art; whilst, in this coun- Metaphor, point, brilliancy of expres-
try, it is a subject of regret, that, in pine sion and antithesis, would be avoided by
cases out of ten, the one is almost wholly such a writer, as incompatible with the
subscrvient to the other. Whether the plan of his work, and as encumbering
necessity of theoretical knowledge, how rather than adorning it.
ever, is equally called for in tlic amateur, If we are correct in this delineation of
is a point upon which many doubts may the qualities which an able compiler
be expected to arise. For, if the prac- should possess, we have, in the foregoing
tical part alone be so difficult, as to en- statement, already expressed our opi-
gross a very considerable portion of time, nion of the merits of the present vo-
necessarily devoted to its attainment, a lume. Mr. Barrow's style is clear and


1819.) Observations on Ackermann's Patent Moveable Axle. 63
unaffected, and his digest of the differ- in the world so ridiculously prejudiced in
ent voyages, the relations of which he favour of old and established systems, as
abstracts, is judicious; neither enlarged to regard every thing which presents it-
into an uninteresting and inconvenient self in the form of an innovation with a
prolixity, nor dwindled to a meagre and degree of dislike, amounting almost to
uninstructive chronology. He has, in horror. With them no new invention,
effect, condensed, into the compass of a however obvious its utility, can possibly
small octavo, a mass of most valuable in- succeed, because they invariably with-
formation, with reference to a problem, hold their approbation till the general
the attempts at the solution of which, opinion sanctions them in bestowing it.
have, at intervals, enkindled the spirit They reverse a well-known proverb al-
of enterprize in, and directed the re- together; and appear as though they
searches of every rank of men, in almost would rather hazard the condemnation
all the maritime countries of Europe, of real merit, than incur, in one single
for upwards of 300 years. Mr. B. also instance, the odium which they conceive
possesses the rare merit of never per- would attach to them for the heinous
mitting his adherence to the doctrine of crime of being too liberal in their com-
the practicability of accomplishing the mendations. Nor is this the only dis-
passage across the supposed Polar Basin, advantage to which genius is exposed.
or through Davis' Straits into the Pa- Those individuals, whose interests are
cific Ocean, so far to pervert his judy- likely to be affected by the adoption of
ment, as to lead liim either to conceal, any particular improvement, will, with
extenuate, or misrepresent any circum- very few exceptions, seek erery oppor-
stances which appear to be unfavourable tunity of preventing its success; and if
to that object. The work before us they cannot accomplish their object by
has been evidently written with a fair and candid argument, they will, too
view to prepare the public mind for the frequently,resort to mean artifice and un-
anticipated fortunate results of the two generois misrepresentation. We have
expeditions which recently sailed from seldom met with a case more completely
this country. Unhappily, the hopes in point with the present remarks, than
which were so generally entertained, that detailed in the sensible pamphlet be-
have been frustrated, by the return of fore us. It appears that an important
those expeditions, without effecting, in improvement in the construction of four-
either case, the m:in objects for which wheeled carriages, to which no one rea-
they were undertaken. Until we are in sonable objection either has, or can be
possession of the official details, we shall advanced ; and which promises to com-
abstain from any farther comments on bine increased safety and economy, with
these interesting and important voyages, convenience-has not received that en-
or on the soundness of the theory which couragement froin the public to which it
has given rise to them. As Britons, is so incontestibly entitled ; because a set
however, we cannot withhold the ex- of individuals, with whose gains it may
pression of our honest pride, that in the in some measure interfere, have thought
foremost rank of those illustrious pari. proper to depreciate its merits by vague
gators, who, in an age when nautical and incoherent protestations against its
science was very imperfectly understood, utility.
braved the hazard of the most perilous As we have already given a very copi-
seas, in the most inclement climes and ous description of this patent (See N.
most desolate regions of the globe, in M.M. vol. ix. p. 234, we need now only
their slender and ill-provided skiffs, we refer our readers to that paper, and no-
should recognize,as stationed on the high- tice, that the testimonies in favour of the
est pinnacle of renown, so many of our Moveable Axles, have very materially in-
own gallant countrymen. Long may the creased since that period; as several
bistoriads of Britain, arbitress and queen coachmakers, of paramount respecta-
of nations, have to enrol in the splendid bility, have come forward to bear wit-
annals of her glories, similar and equally ness to their utility. We have no per-
bloodless achievements.
sonal acquaintance whatever with the
Obserrations on ACKERMANN'S Patent patentee, and cannot, therefore, have
Moveable Acles for Four-wheeled Car- been influenced by any sinister motives
Tiages, containing an engraved Eleration in thus particularizing the merits of an
of a Carriage, with Plans and Sections, invention, which we feel convinced re-
&c. 8vo. pp. 58.
quires only to be known to be put into
There are many well-meaning persons immediate and universal requisition.


( 64 )
[Feb. I,
d.
MONTHLY REGISTER.
ARTS.
phraseology of the original is ambiguous, elliptical,
or figurative. The book is dedicaled with great
A Compendium of the Theory and Prac-
propriety to that sterling philanthropist Dr. An-
tice of Drawing and Painting. By R. Dag-
drew Bell, to the value of whose admirable systems
ley. 4to. 10s. Gd.
of education the worthy editor bears strong lesti-
ASTRONOMY.
mony drawn from long experience.
A Short Narrative of the Creation and The Advent of Christ considered in six
Formation of the Heavens and Earth, as re- Sermons. By the Rev. Wm. Mandell, B.D.
corded by Moses in the Book of Genesis. By 8vo. 6s.
Philo. 8vo. 5s.
A Sermon, delivered on the 29th Nov,
BIOGRAPHY.
1818, on the Death of her late Majesty. By
A Journal of the Life, Travels, and Chris- the Rev. W. Taylor, jun. D. D. 8vo. Is. 68.
cian Experience of Thos. Chalkley, written Plain and Practical Sermons. By the Rev.
by himself. 12mo. Zs. 6d.
J. Boudier. A. M. 8vo. 9s,
Annual Biography and Obituary for 1819. A Dissertation on the Scheme of Human
8vo. 15s.
Redemption as developed in the Law and in
BOTANY.
the Gospel. By the Rev. J. L. Hamilton,
Medical Botany, or the History of the 8vo. 125.
Plants in the Materia Medica of London, Some Thoughts concerning a proper
Edinburgh, and Dublin Pharmacopeias. Method of Studying Divinity. By W. Wot-
Svo.
ton, D. D. 8vo. 3s.
CHRONOLOGY.
. The proper Deity and distinct Personali
Time's Telescope for 1819; or, A Com- ty, Agency, and Worship of the Holy Spirit
plete Guide to the Almanack, &c. &c. 12mo. vindicated. By Robert Harkness Carne,
pp. 334.
A. B. 12mo. Os.
The plan of this work at its outset met with our
DRAMA.
warm approbation, and it afforded us pleasure to The Appeal, a Tramady in three Acte
give our meed of praise to the compiter for the 8vo. 3s.
taste, judgment, and industry displayed by him in Brutus, or the fall of Tarquin, a Trage-
the execution of it. Of one thing we were appre.
bensive, and that was, the fear of exhaustion on
Shakspeare's Genius justified. By 2
the one hand, or of disagreeable repetitiou on the
other. It did seem impossible, in our mind, that Jackson. 8vo. 128.
the recurrence of the same subjects could produce
EDUCATION.
a variety of illustration from year to year. But Allection's Gift to a beloved Godchild. By
the perusal of tbe present volume, and a refereuce M. H. pp. 127. 4s. 6d.
to the consecutive set, has convinced us of our mis. This little volume, which is principally composed
tako: for which we are glad, because the collection, of letters, written in a very pleasing style for the
instead of being thrown aside as old almanacks, purposes of youthful instruction, we have mucha
more valuabie by age; pleasure in recommending 10 public notice. Je
and a stimulus is thus afforded to keep up the spi abounds in sentiments that can only have been die
rit of the undertaking with a vigour equal to that tated by an amable and cultivated mind; and
which has marked its progress in the public favour. amidst the unprecedented variety of works veroted
While this annual companion and guide retains the to a similar end, it is entitled to honourable dis-
vespectable character which now belongs to it, no tinction, as well for the principles it endeavours to
window, school room, or private study, can inculcate, as for the elegant and unaffected lan-
inculcate. as for t
well dispense with its presence.
guage in which they are conveyed.
DIVINITY.
New Grammar of the French Tongoe,
The Pentateuch; or, The Five Books of with numerous instructive Exercises. By c.
Moses Illustrated; being an Explication of Gros.
the Phraseology incorporated with the Text, There appears much more system in this would
for the Use of Schools and Private Families. than in any of the numerous French Grammars ako
By the Rev. Samuel Clapham, M. A. 12mo.
ready published; and as the author has availed
bimself, with considerable judgment, of the labours
pp. 426.
The worthy editor of this useful volume has been
of his predecessors, Levizac, Wanostrocht, Perrio,
jong known to us for his indefatigable zeal in the
&c. it has sornething more valuable than even re
best of all causes; and the works which he has
gularity of arrangement to recommend it. The
published, bear ample testimony to the soundness
exercises are copious and well selected, and the
of his judgment, and the excellence of his heart.-
rules prefixed to them concise, and sufficiently in-
ligible to suit the meanest capacities.
The present attempt, to render the most apcient
The Youth's Spelling, Pronouncing, and
and most sacred writings level to the understand-
ings of the young and unlettered, has strong clairns
Explanatory Theological Dictionary of the
so recommendation, on account of the importance
New Testament, in which all the words of
of the design, and the simplicity of the execution. the four leading parts of speech are arranged
Books of interpretation have usually been hitherto under their respective heads, &e.
more inexplicable than the sacred code which they so many dictionaries, and works of a similar de.
affect to explicate ; and the text is often lost in scription, are already before the publie, as to pre-
che labyrinth of the commentary. Not so this il. clude the pecessity of fresh compilations altoge.
Instration of the Pentateucl. Here the llebrew ther; and though the present volume has much
leeislator and bis expositor go hand in hand, and worlny of commendation in its selection, and
we latter never interposes his torch but where the will, doubtless prove in some measure aserul for


1819.1
65
New Publications with Critical Remarks.
LAW.
children of a certain age, we are by no means in from which it appears as clear as the noon-day sun
clined to encourage further competition where that the consequential president, in rendering his
there is so little room left for improvement as in services to enlighten the students of Cambridge on
works upon this subject. We may also observe, the subject of botany, was in fact only worming
that those persons to whom the Youth's Diction. himself into the chai, which, from the great age oi
ary would be likely to be most serviceable, will Professor Martyn, he knew inust be soon vacant.
Sarcely be able to afford the price deinanded for it. Now, as Sir James perer was a member of the
whilst others inay have facilities wbich will render University, and what is worse, avows himself to be
che possession of it unnecessary.
both a dissenter from, and an enemy to, the dor.
The Juvenile Geography and Poetical trines of the church of England, we see not hon
Gazetteer, with Views of the principal Towns. he could have the assurance to seek an ostensible
By J. Bissett. 12mo. 2s. 6d.
situation in a university hedged round by statutes
A Critical Grammar of the French Lan and a confession of faith to which he denies his
assent. Whatever may be his professional talents,
guage, with Tabular Elucidations. By W.
and they are ont ineant to be contested, the objec-
lodgson. 12mo. 9s.
tions against his appoiounent to a lectureship in ci.
HISTORY.
ther of our two academical foundations, are insu-
Flora Britannicæ; or, Studies in Ancient
serable; and therefore the victory of Professor
British History. By John Hughes. 2 vols. Monk was easy and certain. Ilis pamphlet is an
vo. 18s.
admirable specimen of argumentative cloquence,
and forms a perfect contrast to the imbecility and
Practice of the Exchequer, and Summary
virulence displayed by the president.
of Law of Extents. By J. Manning, Esq.
Critical Examination of the Bishop of
3 vols. royal 8vo. 2). 8s.
Landal's Posthumous Volume, entitled;'
" Anecdotes of his Life."
MEDICINE, SURGERY, &c.
8vo. pp. 92.
The substance of this spirited pamphlet was
Essays on the Morbid Anatomy of the
printed in different numbers of the Courier; but
Human Eye. By James Wardrop, F. R. S.
the whole has undergoue revision and a new ar.
&c. vol. 2. royal 8vo. 258.
Tangement at the recommendation of some persons
Elements of Medical Logic. By Sir Gil-
who thought the criticisi worthy of preservation.
bert Blane, bart. 8vo. 7s.
We are of the same opinion, and sincerely liope
Practical Illustrations of the Progress of that every one who reads the bishop's posthuinous
Medical Improvement for the last 30 Years. libel, will afterwards carefully go over the present
By Charles Maclean, M. D. 8vo. 7s.
effectual antidote, which indeed ought to be bound
• A Practical Treatise on Tropical Dysen-
will it. The ingenious author, however, would
have enhanced the value of his excellent tract
tery. By R. W. Bamfield. 8vo. 10s. Cd.
if he had gone into the bishop's tergiversating cha.
A Letter to the Sheriff Deputies in Scot-
racter, and exposed the causes of his lamentations,
land, recommending the Establishment of
the falsehoods of his narrative, and his scandalous
How's National Asylum for the Reception of
conduct as a bishop towards his diocese, from
Criminal and Pau per Lunatics. By A. Dun-
which be drew all that he could, without doing
cảri, M. D. 8vo. 3s.
any thing for its benefit, or even residing there is
MISCELLANEOUS.
single week in the year, except at certain seasons
Annals of Health and Long Life, with Oh when he could not avoid it.
servations on Regimen and Diet ; including Letters on the Importance, Duty, and Ad-
Records of Longevity, with Biographical vantages of early rising. foolscap 8vo. 6s.
Anecdotes of one hundred and forty persons
Miscellaneous Works in Prose and Verse.
who attained extreme old age. pp. 142. 1s. By. G. Hardinge, esq. 3 vols. 8vo. 2). 2s.
The fist part of these “ Aminals" is occupied with The Young Travellers, or a Visit to the
rules for the pie ervation of health, and the pio. Grandmother. By F. Thurde. 12mo.
lougation of life, which, if duly attended to, would 4s. 6d.
rn doubt be productive of all the good effects the A Defence of Dr.Jonathan Swift, in Answer
antisor seems to anticipate ; and the second c0u.
lain, a biograplrical record of the various per. Writings in the 53d Number of the Edin :
soos who, by a regular course of living, huve at
burgh Review. 8vo. Is. .
tnined to a patriarcbal age. The intent of the
book is gond, and the form into which the inatter
MUSIC.
is collected by no means uainteresting.
A concise Treatise on Italian Singing,
A Vindication of the University of Cam. elucidated with Rules, Observations, and
bridge, from the Reflections of Sir James Examples, succeeded by a new Method of
Edward Smith, President of the Linncan So- Instruction, comprising Scales, Exercises,
ciety. By the Rev. James llenry Monk, Intervals, and Solfeggios, peculiarly arranged
B. D. Regius Professor of Greek, &c. 8vo. and harmonised; dedicated to T. Broadwood,
Pp. 93.
esq. By G. G. Ferrari.
It was not to be expected that such an attack Mr. Ferrari observes, that, The English system
unna learned body, as that made by Sir James of teaching music is, to begin by instructing pupils
Surich apoo the whole University of Cambridge, for to play on some instrument, when they are only
the act of a few members, would pass unnoticed five or six years old, pronouncing the time with
and unreturced. The president of the Linuean numerals. In Italy they are first taught solfeggios
Society will rue the day, we apprehend, when be at the age of nine or ten years, beating time with
buckled on his armour to go into the field of con. the land." The voice possesses two qualities, dis-
troversy, though in his own cause, for verily his linguished by the appellations, voce di petto and
neighbour hath come and put bim to shame. The voce di testa ;- . e. the voice from the cliest, and
Greek professor tells a plain yuvarnished tale, the voice from the head or throat. It is difficult to
NEW MONTHLY MAG.--No. 61.
VOL. XI.


06
New Publications with Critical Remarks. [Feb. I,
unite the chest with the head voice, and maintain Campbell, or the Scottish Probationer.,
equality and mellowness. The student is return. 3 vols. 12mo. 21s.
mended 10 vocalize and solfa the scales in major Saint Patrick, a National Tale of the fifth
and minor keys; and should his voice have a pro- Century: 3 vols. 12mo. 21s.
pensity to be guttural or nasal, he must endeavour
to sing with his throst forcibly open, and try to
The Betrothed Cousins, a Tale for the
unite the chicst and head voice by art, strengtheo.
Use of young Persons. By Mrs. E. Hamil-
ing the extremity of that which happens to be the
ton. 12mo. 4s.
weakest. Many words which hitherto had been
POETRY
Jeft in much obscurity, are here fully explained A Nineteenth Century, and Familiar Hisa'
Tlius portamento (which Joel Collyer says means tory of the Lives, Loves, and Misfortunes of
“as round and as tight as a portmanteau") is defined Abeillard and Heloisa, &c. By Robert Ra-
to be the carriage of the voice with dignified ex. belais the Younger!!
pression." In carrying the voice from one note to
The autt:or of these verses would faid assume to
another, the secood must receive a slight intona.
himself the character of a wit; and in order to per.
tion previously to its being articulated; when as.
suade his readers that he is so in reality, he calls
cending, the second Dole must receive the most
himself Robert Rabelais the younger. We must,
slieugtlı; but in descending, moie stress must be
however, undeceive them on this point, as he does
laid on the first, laking care, however, not to pro.
not happen to possess one single spark either of
duce barsh shricks instead of mellifluous tones.-
the wit, genius, or vivacity of the writer whose
Among the ornaments of singing, the appoggiatura
name lie has so impudently pilfered for his title.
is more frequently used in Italian vocal music than
page. As for his poem, we venture to pronounce
in any other. In secitatives and Italian melodies,
it the vilest and most contemptible bunch of dog.
when two or three notes on the same space or line
grel that has appeared for many years, having no
terminate a period, the Orst note should be changed
one redeeming point to save it froin unqualified
into an appoggiatura, a tone or semitone bigher
condemnation. It is at once trite, dull, and ob.
tloan the written note. After inculcating the vast
scene: and so far from becoming the hot-pressed
inportance of keeping strict time, by beating the
pages of a guinea volume, would disgrace the peuny
aliquot parts of the measure niiti, be touches on
painphlet of an itinerant hawker.
the term Tempo Rubato, in which accelerations
The Banquet, a Poem, 8vo. 9s.
and retardations greatly heighten the expression
o: cmphalical words. In order to learn to sing at
POLITICS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY.
siglit, the singer should practise without au instru-
Remarks on the Liberty of the Press in
ment, or the accoinpanying piano forte should play Great Britain, together with Observations
potes independently of the voice part; and scales on the late Trials of Watson, Hone, &c.
should be drawn out in various keys, in order to Translated from the German of Gentz. 8vo.
familiarize the ear to the different temperameuls. 4s.
Those who expect readily to sing at sight, should The Soul of Mr. Pitt, developing that by
first acquire a coinmaud of voice, a perlect intoja. giving the Funded Proprietors the permis-
tion, and a facility of measuring time. The exam.
sive Faculty of claiming Debentures, trans-
ples wbich accompany these instructions are nu-
ferrable to the Bearer, 18 millions of Taxes
merous and effective. We have nothing of the kind
since the treatise by Aprile, for that of Tresobio may be taken off, and the 3 per cent. Consols,
was spoiled for want of somebody to coriect the be constantly above 1001. 8vo. 1$. 6d.
Japguage, or to translate it. But as Mr. Ferrari
SERMONS.
has had the good fortune to meet with a friend in A Sermon on the Death of her late Ma-,
Mr. Shield, the master of the king's baud, we jesty Queen Charlotte, preached before the
peed not say that the translation is elegant and
is elegant and University of Cambridge, on Dec. 6, 1818 ,
faithful.
By Ilerbert Marsh, D. D. Lord Bishop of
NOVELS.
Landaff, and Lady Margaret's Professor of
Charenton, or the Follies of the Age. By
Divinity. 4to.
M. De Lourdoueix. Translated from the
A Sermon, preached at the Parish Church
French. pp. 252.
of St. Martin in the Fields, Nov. 22, 1818;
The trauslaior of this rolume lvas, in our opi-
being the Sunday after the Death of her Ma-
he
nion), been guilty of one of the worst "follies of the
jesty the late Queen Charlotte. By Joseph
age," in devoting his atteution to so silly a pro.
duction as "Charenton." We hare, unfortunately,
Holden Pott, M. A. Archdeacon of London,
abundance of nonsensical romances in cur own and Vicar of St. Martin in the Fields. 8vo.
country, without importing foreign monstrosities. The Moral and Religious Character of
The scene of the absurd details contained in these her late Majesty, a National Blessing; a
pages is, we are informed, laid in a celebrated esta. Sermon, preached in the Chapel of the Mag-
blishment near Paris for insane persons. Whether dalen Hospital, on Sunday, Nov, 29, 1818.
this is or is not the case, we shall not undertahe to By the Rev. George Richards, M.A. F.A.S.
enguire ; but we may observe by the way, that if Vicar of Bamoton. and Rector of Lalling-
the author did absolutely visit the place above al.
stone Lovell, Oxon. 8vo.
luded to, for the purpose of collectiug materials for
A Sermon, preached in the Temple
hus book, the conductors of the institution did not
Church, on Wednesday, Dec. 21, 1818 ; be-
do well in setting him at large before they had ac.
complished liis cure; for he appears to have been ing the Day of her late Majesty's Funeral.
oo as alarming a srate of lunacy as any of the rest By the Rev. John Lonsdale, M. A. Assistant
of their inmates.
Preacher at the Temple, and late Fellow of
Corals, a Novel. 3 vols. 12mo. 10s, 6d. King's College Cambridge. 8vo.
Charms of Dandyism, or Living in Style. On the Death of her Majesty the late
By Olivia Moreland. 3 vols. 12mo. Edited Queen, a Sermon, preached in the Parish
by Capi. Ishe.
Church of St. Giles, Cripplegate Without


1819.]
Varieties-Literary, Scientific, fc.
on Sunday, Nov. 29, 1818. By Robt. Jones, such a genius as Flechier ; but unfortunately the
D. D. Svo.
character of her Majesty is treated by alınost (vey
A Sermon, preached in the Parish Church
one of the preachers in n strain the very opposite to
that of warmth and feeling. The bishor, indeed,
of Wasing, on Sunday, Nov. 29, and in that
has drawn a neat and accurate portraiture of the
of Newbury, on Sunday, Dec. 6, 1818, on
quren; but even this learned and eloquent prelate
the occasion of the Death of her late Majes-
has diffused little animation into his discourse, the
ty the Queen. By the Rev. Samuel Slocock,
peroration of which is as cold, bald, and vapid as
Rector of Wasins, and Afternoon Preacher the tail of a statute.
of the Parish Church of Newbury, &c.
YO.
TOPOGRAPHY.
Such is the list of funeral discourses that have
The History and Antiquities of the Town
fased in public on the late national loss, for so of Newark By W. Dickinson, esq. 46.
we may justly terin the demise of our late excel. 21. 28.
leat Queen, vor Withslauding the advanced age to The Ilistory of the ancient Town and Bo-
which she had arrived. Tu evil times like these, rough of Uxbridge, with Plates and Appen-
we can ill spare the great and good, however old dix. By George Bedford, M. A. and T.H.
tey may be; for the longer they bave lived, the Riches. 8vo. 21s.
more forcible is their example as the lights of the A brief Account of the Guildhall of the
vorid. The sermons of which we have given the City of London. By J. B. Nichols, F.S.A.
tities are, with the exception of that of the bishop of
8vo, 5s,
Landal, very slender performances, and extremely
asipid as funeral oratious. llcre was a subject for
VARIETIES -LITERRARY, SCIENTIFIC, &c.
UNIVERSITIES.
nute accuracy, not only the external form
OXFORD.—The following subjects are and character, but also the who'e of the in-
proposed for the CHANCELLOR's prizes, for terior anatomy of the male and female cray-
the present year, viz.
fish.
For Latin verses,-Syracuse.
The whole number of degrecs in Michael-
For an English essay,--The characteris- mas term was, three D. D. ; one D. M. In-
tie differences of Greek and Latin Poetry corp; two B. D.; one B. C. L.; one B. M.;
For a Latin essay, - Quanam fuerint, twenty-four M. A.; sixty-seven B. A; Ma-
pracipue, in causa, quod Roma de Car- triculations 130.
thagine triumpharit?
CAMBRIDGE.—The subject of the Hulse-
The first of the above subjects is intended an prize for the present year is, “ The fit-
for those gentlemen of the university, who ness of the time when Christ came into the
have not exceeded four years from the world."
time of their matriculation, and the other The subject of the English poem for the
two for such as have exceeded four, but not chancellor's gold medal for the present year,
completed seven years.
is, “ Pompeii.”
Sir Roger NewDIGATE's Prize. For
thc best composition in English verse, not The following subjects are proposed by
containing either more or fewer than fifty the Cambrian society, for their prizes for
lines, by any under-graduate who has not the year 1819, viz.- The Harp new strung
exceeded four years from the time of his ma- for the Englyn; the death of the Queen for
triculation.-The Iphigenia of Timanthes the Awdl; and, the death of Sir Thomas
Ms. J. S, and Mr. P. B. Duncan, Fellows Picton for a poem, in any one, or all, of the
of New College, have lately presented to the four-and-twenty metres. The following sub-
anatomical theatre, in this university, some jects are proposed for the Society's. English
very beautiful wax models, formed with so prize essays: 1. On the language and learn-
much accuracy as even to supersede the ne- ing of Britain, under the Roman govern-
cessity of having recourse to the human ment, with a particular reference to the testi-
body for anatomical instruction and experi- mony of Martial, (Dicitur et nostros cantare
ment. They were purchased in Florence by Britannia versus,) and of Juvenal, and to the
these gentlemen. No. 1. Is a full-grown influence of Agricola's schools. 2. On the
human female, in which are represented the distinct characters and comparative advan-
following points; namely, the whole of the tages of the Bardic institutions of Carmar-
absorbent system; the viscera of the thoras, then and Glamorgan; and on the notices
of the abdomen, and of the pelvis, together which remain of each. Also a silver harp,
with the arteries and veins belonging to with a gratuity, will be given to the best
them; the brain and its membranes ; and proficient on the harp, and other gratuities
numerous muscles of the head and of other io the several competitors to defray their
parts of the body. No. 2. Two models re- expences. The recitation of the successful
presenting sections of the human head, toge- compositions, and the performances on the
ther with six smaller models ; the whole harp, will take place in the first week of
completely illustrating the anatomy of the next July, and will, we have no doubt, afford
eye, with its nerves and blood vessels. Nos. an entertainment of high interest to all lovers
3 and 4. Two models representing with mi- of Cambrian literature and music.


68
(Feb. 1,
Varieties– Liierary, Scientific, &c.
The Church Union Society's prizes, for the on the surface of the earth, a lump of which
last year, are adjudged as follows: The pre- they brought with them to England, which
mium, by henefaction, of fifty pounds, to has since been analysed by some scientific
Eusebius Exodiensis, for the best essay on gentlernen at the Royal Institution, and
the evidence from scripture, that the soul, found to be composed of 3 per cent. nickel,
immediately after death, is not in a state of and the rest iron. From the circumstance
insensibility, but of happiness or misery, of nickel never having been found in iron,
The society has also adjudged ten pounds but in one instance, viz. a lump brought by
each, to two other essays on the same sub- Professor Pallas from Russia, which the
ject, viz, to the Rev. Johnson Grant, late of Royal Academies of London and Paris pro-
St. John's college, Oxford, and the Rev. Ed. nounced to be meteoric, and fallen from the
ward Griffin, B. A. Perpetual Curate of clouds, there remains no doubt of that
Great Bowden, near Market Harborough, brought from Baffin's bay being of a similar
Leicestershire.
kind. This extraordinary fact, perhaps the
Shakspeare.---The following very singu-
most important result of the expedition, may
lar reasons have been assigned by Mr. C.
not only teach us ultimately how to explain
Butler, as grounds for a belief that Shake-
the phenomena of the Northern Lights,
speare was a Roman Catholic :
from which it is possible meteoric iron may
be produced to an extent hitherto unima-
“ May the writer premise a suspicion,
which, from internal evidence, he has long
gined, but also to acccount for the remark-
entertained, that Shakespeare was a Roman
able variations of the compass in these lati-
Catholic. Not one of his works contains the
tudes, if not to unravel the entire mystery of
slightest reflections on popery, or any of its
magnetism and the needle.—Literary Ga-
zette.
practices, or any eulogy of the reformation.
His panegyric on Queen Elizabeth is cau-
The Dog of Galloway.—The following
tiously expressed, whilst Queen Catharine is
remarkable instance of animal sagacity, oc-
curred a short time ago: While one of the
placed in a state of veneration; and nothing
Dalbeattie carriers was on his way to Dum-
can exceed the skill with which Griffiths
fries, he had occasion to stop at some houses
draws the panegyric of Wolsey. The eccle-
siastic is never presented by Shakespeare in
hy the road side, in the way of his business,
a degrading point of view. The jolly monk,
leaving his cart and horse upon the public
road, under the protection of a passenger
the irregular nun, never appears in his
drama. Is it not natural to suppose, that
and a trusty dog. Upon his return, he mis-
sed a led horse, belonging to a gentleman
the topics on which at that time, those who
criminated popery loved so much to dwell,
in the neighbourhood, which he had tied to
must have often solicited his notice, and in-
the end of the cart, and likewise one of the
female passengers. On inquiry he was in-
vited him to employ his muse upon them,
as subjects likely to engage the favourable
formed, that during his absence the female,
who had been anxious to try the mettle of
attention, both of the sovereign and the sub-
the pony, had mounted it, and that the ani-
ject? Does not his abstinence from these
mal had set off at full speed. The carrier
justify a suspicion, that a popish feeling
withheld him from them? Milton made the
expressed much anxiety for the safety of the
gunpowder conspiracy the theme of a regu-
young woman, at the same time he cast an
lar poem. Shakespeare is altogether silent
expressive look at his dog. Oscar observed
on it.” Butler's Memoirs of the English
his master's eye, and aware of its meaning,
Catholics, vol. ij. p. 322.
instantly set off in pursuit of the pony, which
he came up with soon after he had passed
We will only oppose a single observation
the first tol-bar on the Dalheattie road, when
to Mr. Butler's “ suspicion." Shakespeare
he made a sudden spring, seized the bridle,
was buried at his own desire in a protes-
and held the animal fast. Several people
tant church, with this rather ominous in-
having observed the circumstance, and the
scription, which we recommend to Mr. But-
perilous situation of the girl, came to relieve
Jer's perusa! :
her; Oscar, however, notwithstanding their
Good Friend, for Jesus' sake forbear
repeated endeavours, would not quit his
To dig the dust inclosed here,
hold, and the pony was actually led into the
Blest be the man that spares these stones, stable with the dog. till snch time as the
And curst be he that moves my bones. carrier should arrive. Upon the carrier en-
Aleteoric Iron, from Baffin's Bay.The tering the stable, Oscar wagged his tail in
officers in the expedition under Captain token of satisfaction, and immediately re-
Ross, lately returned from Baffin's Bay, ex. linquished the bridle to his master.
pressed their great astonishment to have Medicinal Properties of Gold.-M. Percy
found the native Esquimaux in possession of has lately presented a report to the Royal
instruments made of iron, which led them to Academy of Sciences of Paris, on the medi-
imagine, either that they must at some pe- cinal virtues of various preparations of gold.
riod have had traflic with other nations, Dr. Chrestien, of Montpellier, some time
which seemed almost impossible, or, that since submitted to the academy several pa-
iron must be produced there. A diligent pers of observations on the success which
search, however, satisfied them on the point; has attended the exhibition of preparations
for an immense mass of iron was discovered of gold in different diseases. On this sub-


1819.)
Varieties—Literary, Scientific, 80.
ject the reporters observe, gold and its pre- Annual Agricultural
parations are by no means so inefficacious Produce - - - L.140,000,000
and inoperative, as many modern writers Manufactures - - 38,000,000
ånd physicians of eminence assert. On the Permanent Public
contrary, those substances possess indubita- Revenue - - - 30,000,000
ble medicinal properties, and are in a high
GREAT BRITAIN.
degree exciting A careful study of the qua- Extent of Territory - 55,000,000 Acres,
lities of this species of medicines, and a Population.
more accurate investigation of their peculiar In Agriculture -- 6,129,142 Persons,
phenomena, will doubtless enrich the medi- In Manufactures - - 7,071,989
ral art with powerful remedies, the utility Indigeni* - - - - 1,548,400
and innocence of which have been so long Various - - - - - 2,347,300
debied. Dr. Chrestien assures us that he
cored a most obstinate sipbvlis with very
17,096,831
fine filings of pure gold, rubbed upon the
wogue in doses of one, two, and two and Annual Agricultural
a half grains. This account is doubted by Produce . - L.225.000.000
several medical men ; but the reporters Manufactures - - 115,000,000
hare observed, conformably with the state. Permanent Public Re-
ment of Dr. Chrestien, that the rubbing of venue - - - - 62,000,000
four grains of pulverized gold upon the
tongue and gums, produces in some instan- Ectraordinary Fundus. -A phenomenon
ces a strong salivation, in others, violent
which tends much to elucidate the origin
diarrhæa and frequent perspiration.
and nature of vegetable funguses, parti-
Fossil Tree.-- A fossil tree is in existence
in existence cularly of that species termed mushroom,
near the village of Penicuik, about ten miles lately occurred to the observation of Sir
from Edinburgh, of which curious pheno-
Joseph Banks. Having a cask of wine ra-
menon the following description is given in ther too sweet for immediate use, ne di-
a letter by Sir J. S. Mackenzie, Bart.
rected that it should be placed in a cellar,
« On the south bank of the river North
that the saccharine matter it contained
Esk, a short distance above the paper-mill
at Penicuik, where the strata usually ac- age. At the end of three years, he directed
might be more perfectly decomposed by
compapying the coal formation of this his butler to ascertain the state of the wine,
country, are exposed, a large portion of the
when, on attempting to open the cellar door,
trunk, and several roots, of a fossil tree, are ha
he could not effect it, in consequence of
visible. It rises several feet above the bed
some powerful obstacle. The door was
of the river, as far as the strata reach, and
consequently cut down, when the cellar was
the roots spread themselves in the rock. It
found to be completely filled with a firm
appears as if the tree had actually vegetated
fungus vegetable production, so firm, that
on the spot where we now see it It is,
19, it was necessary to use an axe for its re-
where thickest, about four feet in diameter.
moval! This appeared to have grown
The strata, in which the remains of the tree
from, or have been nourished by, the de-
stand, are slate clay, and the tree itself is
composed particles of the wine, the cask
sandstone. There is sandstone below and h
being empty, and carried up to the ceiling,
immediately above the slate clay, and the
where it was supported by the surface of the
roots do not appear to have penetrated the
fungus.
lower sandstone, to which they reach. Small
Suicide.-A very general notion is enter-
portions of coal were observed where the
tained, that more suicides are committed in
bark existed, the form of which is so dis-
England, than in other countries; and day
tinct on the fossil, that we may conjecture
after day, the newspapers are filled with
the tree to have been a Scotch pine. This
communications, in which this is always
conjecture may appear more probable, from
assumed as an undoubted fact. A late pub-
the roots spreading more horizontally than
lication by Mr. Kampız, of Berlin, founded
those of other species. There are several
on official returns, proves, that, in the
rents across the tronk, which may have
towns of Prussia, the suicides are more
been caused by frost." _Constable's Mag.
numerous than they are in England. For
Great Britain and France. The fol-
instance-
loving Table is extracted from a work lately
published in Paris, by Count de la Borde:
PRANCE.
* The Count, upon this part of his state-
Extent of Territory - 108,000,000 Acres. ment, has the following note :-“ It is a
Population.
singular fact, that notwithstanding the su-
In Agriculture - - 17,500,000 Persons.
perior resources of the English nation, the
In Manufactures - 6,200,000
number of indigent is double that of France,
Indigent - - - - 800,000
which country is twice as large as England.
Various - - - - 4,000,000
Whence does this arise ? From the ex-
travagance of the people, and the introduc-
Total 28,500,000
tion of so much machinery."


Varieties-Literary, Scientific, fc.
[Feb. 1,
8
Population. Suicides nounce, that M. Pons, of Marseilles, has
in 1817. discovered a comet in the constellation Pe-
Berlin - . . . - 166,584 : 57 gasus, and another in the constellation Hy-
Postdam (not including)
dra. According to the observations of M.
the military .. . 15,425 - 77 Blaupain, this new star was on the 30th of
Frankfort on the Oder 12,500 - 41 November, at 17h. 37m. of mean time,
Breslau - - - - - 63,020 ..
reckoned from mid-day, at Marseilles, by
Liegnitz - - - - 10,000 - 37 179, 38. of right ascension, and 29. 17.
Reichenbach - ... 3,500 - 56 south declination. On the 1st of Decem-
Magdeburg - - - - 27,869 - 50
ber, at 17h. 57m. of mean time, the right
Merseburg - - - - 6,000 - 39 ascension was 180. 39. and the declination
Dusseldorf - - - - 15,000 - 24
28. 47. This comet is easily visible through
We do not believe that in any one town of a night telescope. It is of a pale nebulosity,
the British diminions, the capital not ex- round, and from five to six minutes in dia-
cepted, the suicides amount to one-tenth of meter. The nucleus is very confused. As
the rate of Reichenbach, which is no less the motion of declination carries the comet
than 1 to 62.-Cornwall Gaz.
towards the north, it is natural to suppose,
Cabbage versus Wine.A French Jour- that in a few days, it will have acquired more
nal observes, that the cabbage is a sove- intensity, and perhaps become yisible to the
reign remedy for curing intoxication from naked eye.
wine, and that it has even the power of pre- New Dye.-A chymist of Copenbagen
venting it; for we are informed that by eating has discovered a means of producing a lively
a certain quantity of cabbage before dinner, yellow colour for dyeing cloth. He gathers
we may drink as much wine as we please, the tops of the potatoes when ready to
without experiencing any inconvenience. flower, presses the juice, mixes it with more
This property of the cabbage is mentioned or less water, and sutfers the cloth to re-
by Aristotle and Theoprastus, who are of main in it during twenty-four hours. He
opinion that it proceeds from the antipathy then dips it in spring water. The cloth
which the vine shews for the cabbage. If may be either of wool, silk, cotton, or flax,
a cabbage be planted near a vine, the latter By plunging the cloth thus tinged with
retires to as great a distance as possible, or yellow, into a vessel of blue, a brilliant and
perhaps dies. Hence it is concluded, that lasting green is obtained.
the vine, owing to this aversion, allows it- Caille consumed in London.--The con-
self to be overcome by the cabbage. Be sumption of sheep and lambs in London in
this as it may, the phenomenon is indispu- twelve months, has been lately estimated at
table, and the recipe, which was declared the number of one million, sixty-two thou-
to be effectual by the ancient Egyptians, is sand, seven hundred. The number of
now universally adopted in Germany.- horned cattle slaughtered, at one hun-
Lit. Gazelle.
dred and sixty-four thousand ; and by the
Moirée Metallique.-The Marquis Ri- inspector's return, it appears, that the num-
dolfi has suggested a modification of this ber of horse hides produced at Leadenhall
ornamental material, which consists in market, amounted to twelve thousand nine
sketching flowers, figures, or other designs, hundred.
upon the tin plates, with pale or coloured Singular Discovery. - The Nuremburg
varnishes, before they are dipped in the Correspondent, of the 29th ult. gives the
acid bath. The figures are, of course, left following as authentic ;-" A hat-maker of
with the original appearance of the lin, and Cassel, named Maulich, has discovered a
may be brought out in great perfection; or method of manufacturing felt, so as to make
they may be made by laying on leaf gold or it impenetrable to the stroke of the sabre in
silver, the latter metals with the varnish de- the hands of the strongest cuirassier, and
fending the surface of the tin covered with even to a musket bal). The fact has been
them. from the acid.
proved by numerous experiments. He
Distillation of Coal. It is one of the offered to discover the secret to our govern-
important results of chemical science, ment for a suitable recompence; but no at
that the various products from the distilla- tention was paid to it. A report of this
tion of coal, amount to nearly six times the invention, however, reached St. Peters-
price of the original article. A chaldron of burgh, and Mr. Maulich was invited to
Newcastle coals, which costs in London 31. present himself to the Emperor of Russia,
will produce
at Aix-la-Chapelle. The Russian generals
14 chaldrons of coke, at 31s. - - 1 18 9 being satisfied of the truth of his assertions,
12 gallons of tar. at 10d. - - - 0 10 0 he has been invited to establish in Russia a
18 gallons of ammonial liquor,at 6d. 0 9 0 manufactory of this felt, upon the most libe-
20,000 cubic feet of gas, at 158.
ral terms."
per 1000 cubic feet - - - - 15 0 0 Army of Europe.-In a statistical survey
of Europe, lately published at Vienna, it is
17 17 9. estimated, that the armed force of Europe,
on the Peace Establishment, consists of
New Comets. The Paris Journals an- 1,798,000 men; and on a War Establish-


1819.]
71
Varieties-Literary, Scientific, fe.
ment, of 3,608,000. The marine is calcu: the much-admired writer, Mrs. Caroline
lated at 402 vessels of the line, 370 frigates, Pichler, has just been published at Vienna.
and 1,999 vessels of lesser rank.
The collective works of this lady, which are
The last Census made in Bavaria, states all distinguished for their pure moral ten-
the number of families in that kingdom, to dency, now amount to 23 volumes. The
be 789,190, which supposes a population of twenty-second volume of Kotzebue's plays
four millions of inhabitants.
is just published. It contains, besides two
Dry Rot.-Captain Duff, in a paper other pieces, the Pocket Book, the well-
lately read before in: Royal Society of Lon- known of Pelisson, which has been perform-,
don, after stating the well known effects of ed with applause for these two years past on
peat moss in preserving wood for ages un- all the theatres of Germany. The Poets, in
altered, suggests that a series of experiments three volumes, by Horn, is also esteemed.
should be made, to ascertain the effects of Oriental Poems, transplanted into German
impregnating timber, both sound, and al. ground, are now extremely successful.
ready partially decayed by the dry rot, with Goethe has very skilfully paraphrased, and
the water from peat mosses, with a view to published under the title of The Divan, the
determine whether it possesses any power poems of Hafiz (which the great Orientalist,
in preventing or suspending the insidious Joseph Von Hammer published in German
operation of that destructive agent.
some years ago). İlammer himself, of
PRANCE.
whose instructive « Mines of the East," the
Growth of Vegetables.- M. du Petit first number of the sixth volume has just
Thouars some time since exhibited to the appeared, has published under the title of the
Roval Academy of France an onion which hleeblatt (trefoil leaf), a collection of lymns
weighed 3 lbs. 7 oz, and was 19 inches in
in the ma iner of the ancient followers of
circumference. Dr. Desaruliers. in calcu Zoroaster, Parsee Ilymns, Arabian Ele-
lating the ratio of the growth of a turnip gies and Turkish Eclogues, with copper-
and its seed found that the root was 438 plates and explanatory remarks.
thousand times as heavy as the seed: con-
The elegant poem, The Enchanted Rose,
sequently that during its growth it had gain-
growth it had gain. which was first published in the “ Urania
ed in every minute seven times the weight
times the weight for 1818," one of the best of the numerous
of the seed. Applying the same calculation pocket books annually published in Ger-
to the weight of the onion, M. du Petit many, has now appeared in a pretty volume
Thouars found that in every minute it had with six copper-plates. We are indebted
gained only thrice the weight of its seed.
for this poem to the enterprising and public
At the extraordinary sitting of the French spirited bookseller, Brockans, in Leipzig.
Academy, on the ed inst. Čount de Segur who offered a prize for the best Epic Ro-
read a moral fragment, entitled Gratitude;
i fragment, entitled Gratitude: mance. The prize was gained by Ernest
M. Lemercier, a poetic composition against Schulze, a young man of great promise,
the Lore of Solitule. Count Daru closed
who lived but just long enough to witness
the sitting hy reading an extract from his
the publication of the first edition. He died
History of the Republic of Venice, entitled,
in the house of his father at Cilli, in the
Des Sciences, de la Literature et des Arts,
kingdom of Hanover, in the 29th year of his
chez les Feniliens.
age, just as he was going to set out on a
Several accounts of useful inventions
journey to Italy, for the recovery of his
have appeared in the French publications
health, shortened by his exertions in the
relative to the Arts and Sciences; among
war, for the deliverance of Germany, de-
others the following :---a method of sepa-
plored by the German Muse, still mourning
rating the hair from the rabbit down, and over the urn of Korner. The Enchanted
Rose consists of three cantos of about 100
thus rendering the latter equal to the finest
harer for the manufacture of hats, the stanzas each, and sings the fortunes of Clo-
down being more susceptible of the dve tilde, a princess transformed by enchant-
when unmixed with the hair, which has hi- ment into a rose, who, after several partly
therto given a coarse appearance, to even
, laughable adventures, is at length disen-
a
the best hats in which rabbit down has been chanted by the Bard Alpin. This charm
mixed with the beaver; and a plan of silver-
ing poem, dressed in the loveliest colours,
ing looking-glasses, which effectually secures
breathes a mystic inspiration, like pers
the silver from damp or mildew. This fumes waſted on the wings of the
plan has been fairly tried, and a looking-
southern gale. An earlier poem, hy the
glass placed in water for eight days, sus-
same author, called “ Cecilia," in twenty
tained no kind of damage.
cantos, has been published by Brockhaus,
in 12 volumes, with a preface by his pre-
GERMANY.
German Literature ---One of the most ceptor, Professor Bonterweck, in Gottingen.
Cecilia, the daughter of a professor at Got
voluminous novel writers of the present day
tingen, was the beloved bride of the poet,
is Gustav Schilling, in Dresden. He has
whose untimely death, in the 18th vear of
just published four new novels. His col-
lective works (all tales or novels) amount
her age, filled the poet with despair. Mourn-
j ing over her corpse, he formed the resolu-
to fiity volumes A very excellent novel,
tion to write this poem, in which he painted
called Female Dignity, in four volumes, by


72
[Feb. 1,
Varieties, Literary, Scientific, c.
his melancholy, and the struggle between rea- Camuccini, and disposed in admirable order.
son and misfortune. Brockhaus has also just Here, therefore, according to the ancieni
re-published, under the title of “ Simbil. proverb—the half is almost better than the
der der Christer," the “ Religious Em- whole. Palmaroli, the greatest master in
blems," published ten years ago by Acker- the art of restoring pictures, has performed
mann, in London, with beautiful wood en wonders on many paintings-fresco and oil.
gravings, alter designs of Thurston's, by It is to be wished he would communicate his
Nesbit, Branston, Clennel, and Hale. The mode of proceeding to younger artists. Al
explanations in the English are short and in most all the good galleries of pictures in
prose, but in this edition each print is ac- Europe resemble wrinkled old maids. An
companied by an excellent religious poem or artist from Dresden, at present in Italy, is
hymn by Arthur Von Nordstern, under which said to take much pains in learning some-
assumed name Germany recognises and ho- thing of this art. It is likely enough that it
nors one of its most popular poets, Adolf Von may be wanted there! There is a talk of
Nostitz, minister to his inajesty the King of inviting Palmaroli to Naples, that he may
Saxony, who finds in the train of the Muses restore the Royal Gallery, which has suffer-
recreation from affairs of state. As the ed extremely. Thorwalden's Mercury is ab-
German publisher has procured from the solutely a miracle of sculpture. The God is
proprietor of the admirable original wood represented at the moment when he is pre-
engravings, the impressions necessary for daring to cut off the head of the sleeping Ar-
this edition, we have in this elegant volume gus, and is drawing his sword. The altitude,
á pleasing union of English art with Ger- the figure, the expression, are all admirable.
man poetry. The same Arthur Von Nord- The Ægina statues bclonging to the Crown
stern has presented us with another pleasing Prince of Bavaria, which are restored with
collection of poems, under the title “ Gems prolourd knowledge of the spiritof this style
Explained by Arthur Von Nordtsern, 1818, of art, made a wonderiul impression. Se
Sixteen Allegorical Representations (neady venteen of them are completed and set up.
engraved in aqua-tinta) taken from Gems Thorwalden has received a cominion
such as are seen in the Museum Florentinum, from the Neapolitan court to morelan eques-
and other collections, receive here in gay, trian statue of the present king, Ferdinand I.
tender, or satirical songs, a practical appli- which is to be cast in bronze, and placed be-
cation to the life and wants of the times. fore the palace at Naples. Overbeck is in-
The poet shews a refined knowledge of the cessantly employed on the Cartoons, re-
antique. Of the poems of the favorite of the specting scenes from Tasso's Jerusalem De-
famous Schiller, there are publishing, at the livered, which are to adorn the villa Mag-
same time, a small edition, by Colta, in simi; they are conceived in the spirit of Raf.
Siuttgard, in a pretty pocket size, stereo- faelle. May he succeed in the colouring.
typed by the indefatigable Tauchnitz, in Cornelius has laid aside, for a time, the Car-
Leipzig, who is likewise publishing neat toons from Dante, to proceed with the HI-
stereotype editions of all the Greek classics. thological subjects, for which he has re-
ITALY.
ceived orders from Munich. Orpheus be-
A great difference of opinion still prevails fore Pluto and Proserpine is finished.--
at Rome among the artists, respecting the Cornelius is a fertile ingenious composer,
best and readiest road to perfection. The perhaps, at present, the first in his line; but
system of old modern painting is defender the colouring, and chiaro oscuro admit of
and practised, by the Germans in particular, some doubts. Yet, perhaps, he may put
as the only doctrine that leads to salvation. those who doubt to shame. The painter
Even the Hanoverian Counsellor of Lega- Schadow has finished some admirable por-
tion, Reulner, has written an essay expressly traits. The Riepenhausens are very dili-
against the “ Friends of the Arts," at Wei- gent, and have happily escaped almiost all
mar, and against what Goethe, in the mannerism. The Royal Museum at Na-
“Vlews on the Rhine,”, has said with so ples receives daily an increase of its trea-
much reason against this abuse. In this es. sures. The most valuable part, the bronze,
say it is directly afirmed, that it is much are extremely well arranged. The engraved
more advantageous to take the old German, stones are likewise arranged, and the coins
and old Florentine schools for models, than also. The precious collection of vases of
to study the antique, le, indeed, who, as the Marchese Vincenzio of Nola, has been
the school of David has done for some time, purchased, and added to the museum. The
paints statues in pictures, may go greatly excavations at Pompeii go on slowly, and
astray.
furnish but little that is interesting. The
The gallery of paintings helonging to Car- principal quarters of the city and the public
dinal Fesch, is cne of the sights most worth buildings have been uncovered; there are
visiting in Rome. The Borghese Gallery now none but private buildings to find, and
has lost, it is true, 50 of its finest paintings, these produce only a repetition of what we
during the storms of the Revolution, but had before. Art freezes here in the execu-
what remains, and is now to be seen, is more tion, in the midst of the greatest heat. The
beautiful than before. The valuable paint. last exhibition was wretched. The villa Ri-
ings which it has retained, are restored by uli is carrying on to Pausilippo. It is der


1819.]
Literury Report.
cided that in the course of the next summer,
AUSTRIAN DOMINIONS.
with the king, whole Court, and the Diplo. Thirty-one Periodical Journals are pub-
matie body, will go for a time to Palermo. lished in the dominions of the Emperor of
Lord Byron stul continues at Venice; Austria ; thirteen of which are printe at
and is, we are inforned, diligendly employed Vienna, nine in Italy, two at Prague, three
in the composition oí a poem, on which at Salsburs, one at Gratz, tto a Pest, and
he purposes to bestow a more than common one at Presburg. Of these, twenty are in
sture of his attention. A work has been re- the German language, eight in Italian,
cently, received in England from his Lord two in Hungarion, two in Sclavonian, and
ship, written in the style of Beppo, chtitied, one in modern Greek.
& Don Juan,” which is speedily to be com. As to the subjecty to which they are ap-
Tutted to the press. It appears to be a propriated, these journal, may be classed as
production, to which, like his Venetian follows:--two are devoted to theology, tivo
obory, he has resorted as a relaxation from to legal disquisitions, three to medicine and
deeper studies.
surgery, two to metaphysics and natural
GREECE.
history, one to military science, two to the
Fine Greek Antiquities in the Crimea. discussion of politics and statistics, and
Extract from a Letter written by the Engi one to political economy; four treat on the-
peer, Von Stier, from the fortress of Fana atrical subjects, the Belles Lettres, and the
Eoria, in the government of Tauris, for- fashions of the day; one is particularly
merly the Crimea, dated the 20th of August, adapted for the perusal of the lower classes,
1818:-" Among the curiosities of this one for young people, and eleven contain a
place are the remains of antiquities of the great body of information on all subjects
time of the Greeks, who planted colonies connected with thearts and sciences,together
here. In the beginning of this month, in with dissertations on a variety of points, of
digging up a hill, a stone vault was disco- a more general description than those
vered, which contained a corpse six feet and which occupy the attention of their cotem-
a half long, in a very good state of preser- poraries.
vation. The head was ornamented with a
AFRICA.
golden garland of laurels, and on the fore- Algiers, Nov. 26.-The plague has en-
tead a golden medal, which represents a tirely ceased its ravages in our unfortunate
man's head with the inscription, Philip. country: but it carries off at Constantinople
On both sides of the corpse stood golden and from forty to fifty persons daily; and it
earthen vessels, as was the custom among prevails at Bono, which gives us reason to
the Greeks; also several golden chains entertain fear that it may yet again burst out
and ear-tings; and on one of the fingers, was at Algiers. it appears certain, that the
a gold ring with a valuable store, on which number of perso0s who have fallen victims
vere represented a male and female figure, to it here, is not less than 24,000: and in
all of exquisite workmanship. From all the country parts, 20,000.
this it may be concluded, that this was the
burying place of one of Philip's generals.
LITERARY REPORT.
We beg to remind our Correspondents that all Notices for this Department must be seat on or before
the 15th of each month.)
MEETING OP BOOKSELLERS. vexation of the party attacked During the
A pumerous meeting of the publishers, last term, 100 injunctions were obtained
booksellers, stationers, and all others inte. against diferent booksellers in London and
rested in the sale of the Holy Scriptures, the suburbs; and 90 are entered for the
was held, on Friday the 22d ult., at the present term. The clerk of the solicitors,
Globe Tavern, Fleet-street, London, to take Messrs. Foss and Co., is generally the in-
into consideration the recent attack made on former. At first the injunctions were only
ibe trade, as relates to the sale of Bibles and levelled against bibles printed at Edinburgh,
Prayer-books. As the nature of this attack but lately they have been extended against
may not be known to the generality of our Bibles, Testaments, and Common Prayers,
readers, we shall endeavour to explain it, hy printed in England, with commentaries and
giving, in a few words, a short abstract of a notes. This proceeding has spread terror
Report made by a Committee appointed to and dismay among the rarious booksellers
investigate its extent. It appeared from both in town and country: especially as they
that report, that fortwo or three years past, have been likewise informed, that they can-
bills in Chancery have been filed, and si- not, under the existing law, sell any Bible in
lenty operating, under the instruction of a the English torgue, or in any other tongue
patentee, against persons seiling Edinburgh whatsoever, of any translation, with note or
Bibles or Common Prayers. These bills without note, which is not printed at the
have been compounded privately, to the do press of the king's printer, or at the pres
small gain of the attorney employed, and of the two Universities. The sufferery, by
NBU MONTILLY MAG.-- No.61.
Vol. SI.


74
[Feb. I,
Literary Report.
these precautions, have been chiefly among eleven years. Mr. Walker, in the Strand,
the petty retail dealers, who, it was sup- Mr. Effingham Wilson, Mr. Offer, Mr.
posed, would willingly enter into any terms Biggs, of Parliament-street, &c. were all in
of compromise offered by the attorney con- the same situation, as were also several per-
ducting these processes, rather than incur sons for selling a Bible with notes, by the
all the risk and expense of a Chancery suit. Rev. Wm. Gurney, of St. Clement Danes.
The wholesale dealers have in general es It was maintained that such testimony as
caped free from attack, though latterly some that of Lord Clare was entitled to high con-
of them (Mr. Wood, in the Strand; Mr. sideration, as it proceeded from a nobleman
Wilson, at the Exchange; and Messrs. Arch, who was much attached to the prerogative
of Cornhill) have been visited by the same of the crown. Great stress was also placed
annoyance as their less wealthy brethren. upon a document which had been extorted
As this system was rapidly spreading in by the patentees or their attorney, from a
every direction, the trade took it up, and as- poor individual, by which he bound himself
sembled on the above day to discuss the under a penalty of 2,0001. never to sell a
propriety of resisting it with all the energy copy of the Bible, Testament, or Commoa
which such an invasion of what they deemed Prayer, which did not come from the king's
their long-established rights, demanded.- printing-office, or that of the two universi-
The impropriety, if not the illegality of these ties, and by which he also bound himself
vexatious measures on the part of the pas never to take any steps to dissolve the in-
tentees, was strongly insisted upon; and the junction obtained against him.
judginent of Lord Clare, in the case of The speakers were, Mr. Maxwell, Mr.
Grierson, the king's printer at Dublin, v. Baldwin, Mr. Mawman, Mr. Wilks, Mr.
Jackson (Ridgeway's Reports, 304), was Bagster, Mr. Taylor, and Mr. Hone; be-
stated to be decisive of the matter. In the tween whom and the chairman, Mr. Leigh,
course of that case, which originated upon some very warm altercation ensued. In the
an application for an injunction to prevent course of the debate, Mr. Mawman, who is
the defendant from printing an edition of the the agent to the University of Cambridge
Bible in numbers, with prints and notes, for the sale of their Bibles, stated that he
Lord Clare asked if the validity of such a had written on the morning of that day to
patent as the king's printer enjoyed had ever the syndics there, declaring his opinion 10
been established at law; and said that he be, that the measures pursued were such as
did not know that the crown had a right to ought to be immediately terminated, on ac-
grant a monopoly of that kind. He fur- count of their vexatious nature, and ex-
ther added, " I can conceive the king, as pressed great confidence that they would be
head of the church, may say that there shall instantly discontinued. The declaration
be but one man who shall print Bibles and did not, however, serve to produce much
books of Common Prayer, for the use of effect upon the minds of his audience, who,
churches, and for particular purposes; but in consequence, after some discussion, enter-
I cannot conceive that the king has any pre- ed into a resolution of appointing a commit-
rogative to grant a monopoly as to bibles for tee of twelve London booksellers, with powers
the instruction of mankind in revealed reli- to add to their numbers, and with full power
gion. If ever there was a time which called to adopt all such measures as should be re-
aloud for the dissemination of religious quisite to terminate the depending prosecu-
knowledge, it is this; and therefore I should tions, and to prevent any future occurrence.
with great reluctance decide in favour of This was followed by another resolution,
such a monopoly as this, which must neces- empowering them to receive subscriptions
sarily confine the circulation of the book. to enable them to proceed with vigour and
As to very particular purposes, I have no energy in the great cause in which they were
doubt that the patentee has an exclusive so necessarily engaged. We understand
right to print Bibles and Prayer-books; but that large sums were immediately deposited
unless I am bound very strictly, I will not in the hands of the committee, several
determine upon motion, that no man but the persons advancing from 201. to 301. each,
king's printer has a right to print such and one gentleman in particular, the large
works as these."
sum of 150 guineas. From hints that were
The report concluded by stating several dropped in the course of the discussion, we
most distressing instances in which the in- are led to conjecture, that the great body of
junctions of the court had been rigidly en- booksellers will immediately combine, and
forced. A Mr. George, in Brick-lane, for present a petition to the two Houses of Par-
selling a second-hand Bible, was served with liament, to obtain some modification of the
an injunction, and had above 371. of ex- present patent. A professional gentlemas,
perses to pay; as had also a Mr. Edgar, who spoke in behalf of Mr. Blanchard, of
and others in the same street. Mr. Bow. the City-road, stated, that he had very great
ling, Newgate-street, for selling one Bible, doubts as to its legality, and expressed his
had 38l. to pay for the injunction being intention of examining into that point, when-
served on him; as had also Messrs. John ever his client should be regularly brought
and Arthur Arch, of Cornbill, for a diamond before the Court.
Bible, which thry had oflered for sale for


1819.)
Literary Report.
75
MR. ROGERS, author of the Pleasures C. MILLS, Author of a History of Moham-
of Memory, &c. has in the press a poem en- medanism.
titled Human Life.
The Young Arthur, or the Child of Mys-
A Series of Letters are preparing for pub- tery, a Metrical Romance. By C. DIBDEN,
lication, written by the Hon. Lady Spen- Esq.
cer to her niece, the late celebrated Duchess Tom Crib's Memorial to Congress, with
of Devonshire shortly after her marriage. a Preface, Notes, and Appendis. By One
SIR ARTHUR Clarke has nearly ready of the Fancy. – The Appendix contains,
for publication, an Essay on Warm, Cold, among other Flash Articles, some chaunts
and Vapour Bathing, with practical obser- by Bob Gregson, the present Poet Lau-
vations on Sea Bathing, diseases of the Skin, reat of the Fancy.
Bilious Liver Complaints and Dropsy.
A Voyage up the Persian Gulph, and a
MR. BOILEAU will shortly publish the Journey over land from India to England, in
Art of French Conversation, exemplified on 1817; containing an account of Arabia Fe-
a new plan with an Introduction, &c. lix, Arabia Deserta, Persia, Mesopotamia,
The Recollections of Japan, by CAPTAIN Babylon, Bagdad, Koordestan, Armenia,
GOLOWNIN, are expected to appear in the Asia Minor, &c. &c., illustrated by Plates.
course of a few days; they will be accompa- By William Hende, Esq. of the Madras
nied by a Chronological account of the Rise, Military Establisment.
Decline, and Renewal of British Commer Observations on the Nature and Treat-
cial Intercourse with that Country.
ment of the Epidemic Fever, at present
MR. COLBURN is preparing for publica- prevailing in the Metropolis, as well as in
tion, The Hermit in London or Sketches of most parts of the United Kingdom. By Dr.
English Manners, some specimens of which CluTTERBUCK. To which are added Re-
have appeared in the Literary Gazette, and marks on some of the opinions of Dr. Bate-
have been received with extraordinary fa- man in his late Treatise on that subject.
vour: the whole collection will form Three Introductory Greek Exercises to those of
volumes
Neilson, Dunbar, and others; arranged
The Second or Concluding Part of Dr. under Models to assist the learner. By N.
Watkins' Memoirs of her late Majesty, Howard, Author of Greek and Latin Vo-
may be expected early in the present Month. cabularies, &c. &c.
MR. W. B. TAYLOR is preparing to pub- Illustrations of Affection, and other Po-
lish by Subscription, an Historical account ems, by MR. G. H. TOULMIN
of the University of Dublin, illustrated with Decision, a Tale, by the Author of Cor-
coloured plates, &c. The work is to be in rection, in 3 vols.
the same style as those of Oxford and Cam- The Desert, a Poem, by the Author of
bridge, to which it will form an accompa- the Banquet.
niment.
Illustrations of the Architecture and Sculp-
CAPTAIN JAMES Burney, of the Royal ture of the Cathedral of Lincoln, consisting
Navy, has in the Press, an Historical Re- of 16 plates by the first Artists from draw-
view of the Maritime discoveries of the Rus- ings by C. Wild.
sians, and of the attempts which have been S pecimens of Irish Eloquence, now first
made to discover a North East passage by arranged and collected, with Biographical
sea, from the Atlantic Ocean to China. Notices and a Preface, by C. Phillips, esg.
The subscription to Mr. Valpy's Edition Essays, Biographical, Literary, Moral,
of The Delphin and Variorum Classics and Critical, by the Rev. John Evans.
will close on the publication of Part I. which The Stage, a Poem, addressed to Mr. Far-
will appear in the course of the present ren, containing strictures on various Actors,
week.
by J. BROWN, esq.
The Rev. GEORGE CRABBE has nearly "A Literal Translation of the Penal Code
ready for publication a new work, entitled of Napoleon, by J. WILKINSON, esq.
Tales of the Hall. An erroneous report has A Churchman's Second Epistle, with
gone forth respecting the purchase money; Notes and mustrations, by the Author of
the fact is, Mr. Crabbe has disposed of the Religio Clerici, 8vo.
entire copyright of all his works, including HUMBOLDT's Personal Narrative of Tra-
this new poem, for the sum of 3,0001. vels to the Equinoctial Regions, vol. 4.
An Inquiry respecting some of the Dis-
In the Press and may shortly be expected:
eases of the Serous Membranes of the Ab
· The History of the Crusades undertaken domen and Thorax, by Dr. John Bacon.
for the recovery of the Holy Land : a View
A Biographical Dictionary of the Wor-
of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine; thies of Ireland, in 3 vols. by Mr. RYAN
the Constitution and Laws of the Kingdom Childe Harold in the Shades, an Internal
of Jerusalem ; the Military orders which Romaunt.
sprung from the wars between the Chris-
Capt. J. C. LASKEY has in a consider-
tians and Musselmans; and the consequences able state of forwardness, a set of Plates il-
of the Crusades upon the Morals, Litera- lustrating the Napoleon Mint Medals, exe-
ture, Politics, and Manners of Europe. By cuted by an eminent Artist.


76
Feb. 1,
COMMERCIAL REPORT,
IF the advartages of commerce were to be estimated by the extent of operations, the
transactions of 1818 might be considered of important interest to the country. The
Custom-house returns for the year, as well in London as all the out-ports of the kingdorn,
exhibit an increased and extended intercourse with every part of the globe. The importa-
tion of almost every article of merchandise has exceeded (and in several articles consider-
ably so) that of the preceding year. The fluctuation of value, however, in a variety of ar-
ticles, has been so considerable as to render the aggregate resiits extremely doubtful of
any advantage to the commercial part of the community. Cotions, Coffee, Tobacco, and
Tallow, in particular, have exprrienced that fluctuation and decline, which must produce
ruinous consequences to some of the holders, as well from the high price they still main-
tain, when their growing value is considered, as the excess of supply beyond the consump-
tion. The importation of cotton has exceeded that of any former period, being no less
than 660,000 hales; which, added to the stock at the close of 1817 of 114,000, makes the
total supply of 1818, 774,000 bales, whilst the consumption has been about 417,000, and
60,000 exported, leaving a balance of stock of about 278,000 bales, 160,000 of which are
East India. By this statement it will appear, that the excess of importation has been prin-
cipally in East India descriptions, and which are reduced in value since the close of the
year 1817 nearly one half, the common Bengals commanding only from 6 d. to 10d. per
pound, which, in the present year, commanded from 1s. to 14d., and Surats from ed. io
15d., which previously commanded 15d. to 17d.; by which it will be perceived the decline
falls principally upon the lower descriptions of quality; the decline upon the fine, as well
as all other kinds of American, Brazil, and West India, being only from 3d. to 4d. per
pound, or 15 to 20 per cent. on the value; whilst upon the low quality of East India, the
depreciation is full 50 per cent. : ard when it is considered how great a proportion the low
qualities of East India form to the whole, the loss in the aggregate to the importers cannot
be estimated at less than a million of money.-OI Cofee the consumption keeps pace with
the supply; and the stock in this country having become greatly reduced, has rendered it
a favourite article of speculation; its value for fair middling quality at the close of 1817
was about 955., from which it generally rose, up to the months of July and August, to
about 165s., receded again to 130s., and now remaining at about 140s. to 145s. The
evil of speculation was perhas never more manifest than has been evinced in this
article within the last year; when in London the holders bare been asking 140s, the same
quality would net prodrce, in the great markets of consumption uronite Continent, more
than 1253. tisos., and in France not more than 105s. to 110., W Tot in the West India
islande, at the places of growth, the prices liad been run up equal to 10s, or 190s. It
must therefore be obvious to every rational observer, how extremely proindicial wanton
speculation is to the true interests of commerce. Tobacco, which, ever since the renewal
of intercourse with America, has mairtained a price nearly double its usual value in pe-
riods of uninterrupted intercourse, is at length, from the accumulated stock of nearly
30,000 hogsheads, yielding to something like its natural price; but the article at present is
in such limitad demand, as to render any idea of its specific ralue impossible: cargoes that
a few months ago were sold at 1s. per pound all round, rould not now find buyers at 9d., if
at 8d.---Tallous have likewise experienced a correspondent decline, having two or three
months since realised 95s. per cwt., and are non dificult of sale at beloir 70s.; and when it
is considered that 45s. per cwt. hag generaliy been estimate a fair price for this article in
times of free intercourse, it must obviously subject the parties concerned in it to great risk.
This extreme maximum of value and fluctuation has also preruiled in several of the minor
articles of commerce, very much io the pre udice of the cosmner and fair dealer; indeed
the evil consequences of extravagant speculation are so manifest, as to render some eficient
measures necessary to expose its absurdity, and suppress its pernicious influence. The
condition of society, in every part of the globe, is biler suited than at any former period
for promoting a muual lecrocity of interests, hy
IOCIty of ini Tesis,hvale kiliniate interchange of productions
that constitute the materials of commerce; and, in luct, the productions abound in a
greater proportion, both of nature and art, than at any furmer period; and yet there never
was a period when suspicion and distrut so much prevailed. Our cotton manufactures,
instead of being countratiedly the rivalry or the Continent, as was uniformly insisted
upon when the unrestricted intercourse is frst established, have increased nearly one-
finth, with every prospect of a still further increas; yet, the condition of the manufactur-
ir, labourer was never mere miserable, not reiving more than one-third for his labour,
to which he is entitled, and which is necesary Cui his subsistence, being sent to the parish
funds for a further pittance. Subversive as this principle is of the general interesis of the
parties pursuing it, and degrading as it is to the national characier, both the public and
legislature, whose duty it is to point out the tolly and check ibe absurdity of the measure,
scem determined to let it run its course, and work its own cure. Disappointed, as we con-
ſess we are, at coirmerce, in conformity with the opinion we have invariably advanced, not
having before this attained its wonted energy and respectability of character, we still in-
dulce in the conviction, that the country possesses all the requisite means for extending and
conducting commercial intercourse in a way that, by restoring an honourable confidence, it
shall operate to the interest and advantage of society in every part of the globe.


1819.)
[ 77 1
BANKRUPTS,
PROM DECEMBER 23, TO JANUARY 23, 1819, INCLUSIVE.
TVhere the address of the Solicitor is not mentioned, he must be understood to reside at the
same place as the bunkrupt. The Solicitors' names are between parentheses,
G.
C.
A.
the Tower, ship owner (Pulley, Crown court,
ATKINSON J. Dalston, Cumberland, cotton Broad sir,
manufacturer (Pearson, Carlisle ; & J. Birkett,
Cloak lane. --Atherton T. Liverpool, tanner (Ad. Gilson R. Bawtry, victualler (Knowles, New
ling on and Gregory, Bedford row.
Ion; & Hill.-Gardiner D. Chiswel street, halter
B.
(Clabon, Mark lane. Garduer N. & H. Glouces.
Bryant W. Grecnwich, coach master (Clarke, ter, bakers (Cecil Becke, Devonshire street, Qucen
Richards, & Biedcalf, Chancery lane.-Broadbelt, square.
W. Preston. Laprasbire, corn merchant (Avison &
H.
Wheeler. liverpool, & Castle street, Holborn; & Hog: I. E. Bread str. warehouseman (Wright
Blachurst. Piston.--Pedells W. Knighton, Rad. & Freeman, Basinghall str.-llort A. Dean street,
norshire, woo'stapler (Weilings & Co. Ludlow; Finsbury Squ. merchant (Surel, Bucklenbury.
& Jenkins, James, & Abbott. New lan--Plo. Hewitt P Bold, Lancashire, farmer (Rawlinson
perhy W. Boltou, Lancashire, cotton manufacturer & Huddleston, Warrington; & Chester, Staple Inu.
Meddowcroft. Gray's lon; & Boardman & Merry, - Hogg J. E. Bread str. warehousemao (Knight
Bolton-Elackboro, J. Witham, Essex, corn factor & Freeman, Basinghall str.-Haywood I. Grert
(Carter, Staple Inn.- Bradshaw T. Mancicster, Portland str. paper hanger (Archer, Southamton
check manufacturer (Snaw, Ely place; & Smith, str. Bloomsbury sguure. - Hardie A. Union court,
Manchester.-Brunner J Birmingham, palten ma. Broad str. merchant (Nind & Cotterell, Throge
nufacturer (Boustield, Bourerie street; & Hicks. morton st. -lludsou W. Upper Thames st. carchea.
-- Brown J. Leeds, straw liat manufacturer (Ash- warcman (Jacomb & Bentley, Basinghall st. -
lez, Royal Exchange.-Bli J. Church str. Spital Hughes S. Liverpool, liquor vesciaat (Dacic S
Fields, boinbasin m ufacturer (James, Bucklers. Jonn, Palsgrave place, Temple Bar.
bury.--Booth J. Oxford str. grocer (Hindmali,
Basiogiall st.
Ingram L. Cheapside,shatter (Birheit, Cloak la.
J.
Crimes T. Chester, coach proprietor (Dicas; & Johnson R. Piymouth, grocer (helly. - Jenkins
l'uxley, Temple.Curgenren T. Truro, Cornwall, J. W11:cchurch, Glamorgan, timber merchant (Jene
linen draker (Brorallack.Collens R. Maidstone, kins, James, & Abbott, New lum; Myrick,
hop merchant (Lin 'say, Si. Tromas's street, Bo. Merthyr-Tidsil.-- Jackson G. Mie Town, Isie of
roug..--Chabers !! Jaket Kasen, Lincoluahire, Sheppy, baker (Milne & Pariy, Temple.-- Jacob
currier (Este, Grey's lun square; & Rhodes. J Gravellane, Bloundsditci, tobacconist (Norton.
Cater
S l ime, Wirtling str. warehouse meu Commercial Cirsinbers, Minories.- Jennyos, J. C.
(Charman, S'pplietas, & Wood, Little St. Thomas Caterine str. Struid, dealer (Cornerford, Cop.
Apost'. -- Canan R. !!!rmersmith, surgeon thall court, Thro norton str.
(Gat!y & Haddon Angel cout, Throgniorton str.
K.
-Cassells R St. Suithan's lane, merchant (Poole, Kendrick J. Ballingdon Mills, Chaddesley Cor.
Adam's court, O! I Bigad str. -Churchul J. Stan. bett, Worcestershire, miller (Lodington & Hall.
hope st Chmie ritirket, common brewer (Brown, Temple; & J Emery, Kiddermuster.- Keats T.
London Connerstal Sule Rooirs, Mincing lane.- M. Poultry, latter (Blandford, Bruton str. Bond
Collins F Newl stbornr, Sussex, mealman (Hume, street.-Kernor J. Castle street, Leicester Fields.
Holborn court, Gray's lun-Carver J & W. Peet, drusgist.
Basinghall st. merchants (lacomb & Belley,
Basinghall str.-Cowley T. Boltoale-Moors, Lith Lesien S. Kennington, Surrey, Exchange broker
caster, warehouser an (Milue & Party, Temple.
Mlue & Party, Temple. (Poole, Adam's court, Old Broad street.-Long-
D
staff C. Kingston-upon Hull, nierchant (Rosser,
Dion W. Threadneedle str. wine merchant (do. Sun & Rosser, Bar leit's buildings, Holborn: &
derson. juu. Eroad st. chambe!.-- Dauidis W. Sandwith, Ilull.-Longman F. G. Norwich, malt.
jun. Bishop Stortford, llert, malt frtor (Makin. ster (Marston & Day; & Abbott, Rolls yard.
SUO. Elm court. Temple ; & Grp - Dairy J. Foul. Chancery lane.-Lumley W. Jermynst St. James's,
sham. Norloh, ironinonger (Tilson & Preston, wine merchant (Osbaldeston, London street. Fer.
Coleinan st.; & Wade, S.etheld.-David J. Thread church street.-Lusi E. Sherborne, Dorset, linen
needle str. merchant (Knight & Frerman, Basing. draper (King & Lukin, Gray's Ina senare : &
hall str.-Durlan J. Lower Shadwell str. carcase Watts, Yeovil, Somersct.-Lucy R. Tapsies, Here.
butcher (II. & J. Bull, Hoiles str. Cavendish squ.
les str. Cavendish squ. fordshire, buil
fordshire, builder (Pewtress, Gray's Inn; and
-Davis N. Gloucester terrace, New road, White- Evaus, Hereford. -- Lutey T. Wapping. pariser
chapel, merchant (Blandford, Bruton sireet, New (Gregson & Fonnereau, Angel comit, Throginor,
Bond str.
ton street.
L.
M.
Everett W. Cambridge, corn merchant (Hagger Moxon R. W. G. & J. Kingston upon Tull, mer.
ston & Whiteley; & Croft, Chaucery lane.
chants (Frost, Hull; & Rosser & Son, Bartlett's
F.
buildings Morgan W. Bristol, victualler (King,
Flinders J. Nottingham, hosier (Farren, Tliread. Serjeunt's Inn; & Frankes.-Merchant, J. Shepton.
needle st. --- Friday R. jun. Isleworth, Middlesex, Mallet, Somerset, ina keeper (Burfoot, inaer
barge master (Noy & llardstone, Minciog lane. Temple.
- Flint W. Old Bailey, printer (Amory & Coles,
N.
Louibury,-Fitzgerald T. St. Catherine st. ncar Ncale J. & S. Warner, Milk street.


Bankrupts-Dividends.
(Feb. I,
grocer (Hall, Coleman street, Bank.-Synionds
Oulet J. Charlotte st. jeweller (Foole, Adam's W. Lowestoft. Suffolk, merchant (Bromley, Hol.
court, Old Broad street.- Oxenham J. T. Oxford born court, Gray's Ino.-Symmons T. Straud, biass
str. mangle maker (Kearsey & Spurr, Bishopsgate founder (Mount, Tokenhouse yard, Lothbury.--
street Within,
Sumner T. Preston, Lancashire, coru merchant
P.
(Dewburst, Preston, & Blacklock, Sergeant's Inn,
Peyton W. Lincoln's Ion Fields, wine & brandy Fleet streei.-Smith W. Moflat street, City roed.
merchant (Hartley, New Bridge str. Blackfriars. coin dealer (T. Dobson, jun. Chancery lane.-
-Peet W. Basinghall str. merchant (Jacob & Stiff W. Rotherwick, Southampton, shopkeeper
Bentley, Basioghall street.-Perry ), sen. Stock. (Bridger, Angel court, Throgmor ton street; and
port, Cheshire, muslin manufacturer (Walters, Pricketi, Odiham, Hants.-Swan R. Gainsborough,
Stockport: & Wright & Co. Temple.--Perkins J. merchant (Cicke & Evans, Alder manbury.-Still
Tiverton, Devon, tinber merchant (Birkett, Cloak J. South Island place, Brixton, Surrey, merchant
lanc.-Phillips T. Bread st. hill, merchant (Clarke, (Leachman, Basinghall street.
Bishopsgale str. Without.-Paterson M. Halifax,
T.
Yorkshire, dyer (Morton & Williamson, Gray's Tipfett R. Totness, baker (Pooie & Greenfield,
Inn square; & J. E. Norris - Power J. & R. War. Gray's Inn square; & Carey, Bristol.-Twyford J.
wick, Finsbury square, merchants (Warne, 'Change Portwood, Chester, colton spioner (Walters,
alley.- Pidding J J. High IIolborn, stock broker Stoch port; & Wright & Colt, Temple.-Tully F.
(Guy, Croydon, & Howard, Strand - Parsons S. Bristol, baker (Poole & Greenfield, Gray's Inn
Hanover st. Loug Acre, coach plater. (Rodins & square; & Carey.--Thomas W. Cheapside, tailor
Hill, Serjeant's Top.
(Amory & Coles, Lothbury.--Thompson W. H.
R.
Liverpool, merchant (Orred & Brooke; & Lowe
Rogers J. Old Broad str. merchant (Cotlle, & Bower, Soutba:npton buildings, Chancery lane.
T. Aldermanbury.-Ridley T. Seaton Sluice, Nor.
U
thumberland, brewer (Meggi ons & Pocle, Ilalton Unwin R. Chapel-le-Fritli, timber merchant
Garden; & Forster, Newcastle upon Tyne.--Ro. (Wake, Sheffield ; & Blagrave & Walter, Symond's
binson J. Holy well, Flintshire, butcher (Lowe & Inn, London,
Bower, Southampton buildings, Chancery laue.-
v.
Richmond T Bell yard, Carey st. plumber (Fisher, Venus J. Lower Shadwell, vintner (Robinson &
Inger Temple lane.-Ritchie T. Air sl. Piccadilly, Burrows, Austin Friars.-Vertue S. Mark la. corn
inerchant (Evans & Bartram, St. Mildred's court, merchant (Sudlow & Co. Monurnent yard.
Poultry.--Richards D, Muun's row, Bow Common,
W.
Middlesex, manufacturing cheinist (Venner, Wheeler D. lyde street, Bloomsbury, coloring
Thorahaugh st. Bedford square.-lyssell J. Palace maker (Grimaldi & Stables, Copthall coart.-
Wharf. timber merchant (Loxley & Son, Cheap. Wilson J. H. jun. Lpper Belgiave place, Pimlico,
side. - Richards H. Beaconsfield, Buckingham, picture dealer (Newcomb, Ville st. Piccadilly,
carpenter (Tucker, Bartlett's buildings, Holborn.
olborn. Wattson J. Gravesend, Kept, coach master (Yat.
S.
man, Arundel str. Strand.--Williain H. Duke str.
Salt M. Stoke-upon-Trent, four dealer (Flint, Bloomsbury, wine mercbao: (Youoger, Well close .
Uutoxeter; & Tooke, Gray's lun.--Scoles C. Beu. square.
sington, Oxfordshire, baker (Hedges, Wallingfoid;
& Price, Williams, & White, Lincoln's Inn Stan. Young T. Paddington street, St. Mary le-bope.
bury J. Gloucester terrace, Whitechapel road, grocer (Shuter, Millbank sur. Westminster.
DIVIDENDS.
A.
ABEL M. Bungay, banker, Jan. 29-Ashby W.
Godmanchester, Huntingdon, miller, Feb. 2, apd
Feb. 5
B.
Bewley J. Newgate Market, salesman, Jan. 19.
Brown G. Lime-street, wine merchant, Jan. 23.
-Bell J. & T. Kingston upon Hull, merchants,
Jan. 21.- Blankenhagen T. C. Bishopsgate street
within, merchant, Jan. 30.-Bell W. Brampton,
Cumberland, brandy-merchant. Jan. 28.- Bayfield
6. Mar! lane, wine broker, Jan. 23.-Bell J. Pock.
lington, J. P. and T. Bell, Scullcoates, Yorkshire,
merchants, Jan 28. - Burton H. Burton upon
Trent, Staffordshire, butcher, Jan. 97.-Bayley J.
Pirsea, Essex, Feb. 20.- Brown T. Straod, tailor
and gaiter maker, Feb. 16.-Beauchamp R. Coven.
try street, Haymarket, lace dealer, Feb. 13.--Ball
J. M. Great Spring Street, Shadwell, auctioneer,
Feb. 13.-Basset W. Church Street, Spital Fields,
silk manufacturer, Feb. 6. Bailey J. Reading,
linen draper, Jan. 29.- Baker C. T. Marlborough,
Wilts., woolen draper, Jap. 18.- Buchanan Wm.
Oxenden street, Haymarket, merchant, Feb. 6.-
Bragg W. A. Rotherhithe Wall, shipwright, Feb. 13.
-Bottrell T. Ratcliff highway, victualler, Feb. 23.
-Bessel C. Prospect Place, Lambeth, insurance
broker, Feb. 13.- Birch W. Great Queen Street,
coach maker, Feb. 13– Batt E., J. Backshell, and
A. W. Bart, Wieney, backers, Feh. 13.-Bennet J.
Manchester, woollen cord manufacturer, Feb. 17.-
Bass P. Asbborue, dealer, Feb. 26.
C.
Clay C. Aston, Coach maker, Jan. 27.-Coombes,
J. and J. Shadwell dock, coopers, Jan. 23.-Cute
ting J. Playford, Suffolk, millei, Jan. 18.-Clarke
W. Warley, York, seedsınan, Jan. 19.-Clarke T.
West Barnard, Somerset, Cheese dealer, Jan. 25.
Cook W. Chapel street, New Road, grocer, Jan, 23.
Crosseley J. King
30.--Capewell T. Vitoxeter, Stafford, grocer, Feb.
9.-Cotsford, W. F. Upper Clapton, glazier, Jan.
26. Carnaby J. Morpeth, common brewer, Febi, 4.
-Cunliffe R. Astley, Lancaster, shopkeeper, Feb.
8.--Cutbush H. and W. Maidstone. carpenter
Feb. 13.-Coltman W. Long Acre, Baker, Feb. 9.
--Cady T. Ipswich, baker, Feb. 17.-Carae H.
Austin Friars, insurance broker, Feb. 13.
D.
Dalton S. Coventry, grocer, Jan, 28.-Doxon J.
Manchester, merchant, Jan. 19.-Danson T. Liver.
pool, merchant, Jan. 16.-Davidson J. East India
Chambers, Leadenhall street, merchant, Jan. 19.-
Dean T.Sunderland, Acar the sea, sail maker, Feb. .


1819.)
Dividends.
G.
S.
-De Roure, J. P. and J. Hambrook, Angel court, Neale J. and S. Warner, Milk Street, wholesale
Throgmortoo street, merchants, Feb. 13,-Docg A. linea drapers, Feb. 2.
North Shore, without the Walls, Newcastle upon
P.
Tyne, sbip builder, Feb. 11.-Deeble W. H. Brise Phillips L. and S. High Holborn, glass merchants,
tol, ironmonger, March 2.
Jan. 19-Plaw 11. R. Riches court, Lime street,
Jan, 5.-- Fhillips J. Exeter, innkeeper, Feb. 11.
Fosset T. Miocing lane, merchant, Jan. 23. Palmer S. Bourton on the Water, Gloucester, mer.
Fletcher B. Deptford, linen draper, Jan. 19, cer, Feb.6.--- Polac B. Sheffield, jeweller, Feb.6.com
Flowct T. Castle Street, Holboro, jeweller, Feb. 13. Palmer J. Piccadilly, tailor, Feb. 16.
-Farringdon P. Wood Street, silk manufacturer,
R.
Feb. 6.-Forge W. Ho'derness, thrashing machine Rowlatt J. Charterhouse square, merchant, Jan.
maker, March 3.
9.- Rhodes W. East Smithfield, baker, Jan. 16.-
Ritchie W. Finsbury square, merchant, Feb. 2.-
Goodman B. Romsey lofra, Southampton, mil. Robb W. S. Blackfriars road, merchant, Jan. 30.-
les Jaa. 21.--Grigg T. Plymouth, Tea dealer, Jan, Rawlinson R. Kingston upon Hull, merchant.
28 Glasson R. Graysbeck, Cumberland, butter. Jan. 19 - Robertson S. Liverpool, merchant, Jan.
factor. Jan. 28.-Gilding F. Aldersgate street, cab. 30.- Rowlatt J. Charterhouse square, inerchant,
Bet maker. Jan. 20.-Grant J. Hattou garden, mer. Jan. 23.- Ravenshaw T. Liverpool, grocer, Feb. 2.
chant. Jag, 23.-Gilding F. Aldersgate street, cabi. - Rawlinson R. Kingston upon Hull, merchant,
Det maker, Jao. 50, Goodair J. Queen Street, Feb. 9.-Ronalds H. F. and J. Singleton, Foster
Caeapside, merchant, Jan. 30.--Goodyer S. Market Jane, Cheapside, warehousemen, Feb. 20.-Red.
street, llei ts., grocer, Feb. 13.-Griffith J. Caer. maybe T. Preston, linen draper, Feb. 17.
BATYOD, currier, Feb. 11.-George T. Leeds, mer.
chant, Feb. 19.-Gomme J. Buckland common, Smith J. Milton, Kent, rope maker, Jan. 23,
Bucks, timber merchant, Feb. 13.-Green E. Dart Starter J. Wakefield, York, linen draper, Jan. 23.-
ford, liaen draper, Feb. 13.
Srbith W.Beerferris, Devonshire, lime burner, Jan.
H.
25 - Street J. F. and W. Bucklersbury, stationeri,
Hall E. Newton, Manchester, cotton manufac. Jan. 30.--Smith S. Coventry, watch maker, Jan. 28.
terer, Jan. 18.-Hanlyn R. and J. Chaater, Bide. Smith W. Oxford Street, ironmonger, Jan. 12.-
ford. Deron., bankers, Jan. 25.-Halse T. H. and Standish L. H. Bishopsgate street Without, straw
T. D. Meriton, Maiden lape, Wood street, Cheap. hat manufacturer. Jan. 26,-Smith, T. P. Bristol,
side, bation manufacturers, Jan. 23.-Hornsby T. whalebone brush manufacturer, Feh. 9.-Shaw S.
Cornhill, stock broker, Jan. 23 --Houlbrooke T. Brunswick square, underwriter, Feb. 6.-Souggs
High Holborn, linen draper, Feb. 6. — Hill T. J. Henrietta street, Covent garden, mercer, Jan.
Leeds, merchant. Feb. 04.-11ooper P. and T. 16,- Sherwood W. Liverpool, Soap manufacturer,
Bedford, Bartholomew place, Bartholomew close, Jan. 30.Stabler F. J. Marshall and T. Marshall,
timber merchants, Jan. 16.-Headlain J. Skinner York, linen merchants, Jan. 21.-Shepperd J. Sul-
street, wareliouseman, Feb. 6.-Hornsby T. juar. too, Yorkshire, Ship builder, Feb. 20.--Smith J.
Hall, grocer, Feb. 26.
Manchester, Manufacturer, Feb. 15 --Smith W. Ox.
J.
ford street, ironmonger, Jan. 30.-Sanders S. Fleet
Jump J. and T. Hargroves, Fore street, hat ma. street, perfuner, Feb. 13.-Sanders J. Chichester,
Dufacturers, Jan. 23.-Jackson J. junr. Greenlaw grocer, Ceb, 15.
Walls, Durbam, miller, Feb. 1.-Jacob B. Bar.
T.
tholomew close, merchant, March 6.
Twemlow W. Manchester, draps, Jao. 16.-
K.
Turner J. Hemel Hampstead, Herts,ora dealer,
Kershaw T. W. Southwark, linen draper, Jan. 23. Jan. 16. -Tucker J. Long Acre, linen draper, Jan.
-Kendal J. Exeter, Statuary, Feb. 15.
96.- Thomas J. Broad street buildings, merchant,
L.
Jan. 30.
Lomas G. Dowgate Ilill, merchant, Jan. 16.-
V.
Lipders W. Tetsworth, Oxford, innkeeper, Jan. 26. Vos H. and J. C. Essers, New court, Crutched
-Lee R. Great Winchester street, underwriter, Friars, merchants, Jan. 26.
Jan. 23.-Ladbroke J. Draycote, Warwickshire,
W.
fariner. Jan. 28.-Lancaster J. Michael's grove, Warren G. T. and H. Little Grovesnor street,
Brompton, merchant, Jan. 23.-Lyonel Sand W. Grosvenor square, builders, Jan. 16 - Watts G.
and E. Perkins, Chatham, grocers, Jan. 26.
and W. Bush, Bristol, ivory black manufacturers,
M.
Jan. 19 - Warrington N. High street, Borough,
Miller R. Tottenham, watchmaker, Jan. 16. Jan. 19.-Werpinch G. and J. Plymouth, wier-
Xorand S. Dean Street, Finsbury Square, mer chants, Jan. 19.- Whitehouse J. Stratford on Avon,
chant, Jan. 23.-Mancers J. and J. Carr, Sheffield, Warwick, mercer, Jan. 20.-Warren G. T. and H.
edge tool manufacturers, Jan. 27.-Mac. Knight, Little Grovesnor street, Grovespor square, builders,
J. Parliament street, linen drapes, Jan. 26.-Macs Jan. 30.-- Wicks W. Frampton upon Severn, Glou-
t. Paul's, Covent garden, merchant, cestershire, sliopkeeper, Jan. 26. -Wood J. Moss
Feb.'.-Markham R. junr. Suadelnud, near the side, Manchester, merchant, Feb. 1.-Wheeler S.
sea, mercer, Feb. 16.--Marquis D. C. Queen street, A. Birmingham, merchant, Jan. 21.-Willats T.
Berchant, Feb. 6.-Martindale J. New Bond street, Great Quren street, ironmonger, Jan. 5.-Walker
vide merchant, Feb. 13.
J. Shoreditch, furniture broker, Feb. 6. Wale T.
N.
Lutterworth, Leicestershire, draper, Jan. 28.-Wil.
Northcote A. Lloyd's Coffee house, underwriter, lets 'T. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
Jan. 23.--Northcote I. J. Lime street, wine mer ironmonger, Jan. 12,--Woodcock W. Preston, Lan-
chant, Jan. 16.-Nunn H. and J. Barber, York cashire, timber merchant, Feb.9.
Street, Covent garden, haberdashers, Feb. 27.-


O How I10 2009
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DAILY PRICES OF STOCKS, FROM DECEVBER 25, 1819, TO JANUARY 25, 1819, BOTH INCLUSIVE.
1818 Bank per ciuperCt3 prot 4 perCt 5 perci, Long į Trieb imp. Imp. !
India So. Sea O.S.S. (N.S S. 4 per Ci Ex, Bills. Consols
Days. | Stock. Redu. Cons. Cons. Cons. | Navy. Anns. 5 per C: 3 per Ct Anns. Omnium Stock. Stuck. Stock. Stock. Ind. Bon. 2d per Day for Ac.
Dec. 25 Holiday.
26 Tioliday.
28
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All Exchequer Bills dated prior to the month of Feb., 1818, have been advertised to be paid off, and the Interest thereon has ceased.
N. B. The above Talle contains the highest and lowest prices, taken from the Course of the Exchange, &c. originally published by John Castaign, in the year 1712, and now
publishell, every Tuesday and Friday, under the authorily of the Committee of the Stock Exchange, by
JAMES WETENHALL, Scock-Broker, Angel court, Throgmorton-street, London,
On application to whom the original documents for near a century past may be read,


Prices of Canal Shares, &c. in the Month of January, 1819, at the Office
of Mr. Clarke, 39, Throg morton Street.
CANALS. Div. per Ann. Per share.
Div. per Ann.' Per Share.
1. S.
WATER-WORKS. ls.
Ashby-de-la-Zouch.
201. East London . .13 10 90l. 861.
Coventry . . . . 14 0 1000l. Grand Junction . ..
421.
Dadley .
. .2 0 471.
Kent . . . . .
401. 421.
Edesmere & Chester . 12 661. South London .
191.
Grand Junction . . . 0 2501. West Middlesex .
451.
Grand Union
401. 391.
BRIDGES.
Hoddersfield , . , - 121. los. Southwark, Old
001.
Kennet & Avon ...175.6 231. Ditto New . . .
511, 10s.
On Union . . . . o gol. Waterloo .
101.
Osord . . .31 0 6301. Do. Annuities, 601. pd.
351, 10s.
Rochiale . . . . . 471. 481. Do. Do., 401. pd.
251
Thames & Nedway. - 314. los. Vauxhall . . .
301.
Warwick & Birmingham i ogs. 2221, 2251. Ditto Bonds ... 15
981.
Warwick & Vapton - 10 0 2171. 2201. MISCELLANEOUS.
Worcester & Birmingham - 1 331. Globe Assurance . . .16 011271. ex. div.
Vilts & Berks . . . . 121, 1os. Hope . . . . . - 41. 43.
Rock ..
41. 49.
DOCKS.
Auction Mart ... 15 201. 211.
East India . . . . . 10 o 180l. Westminster Gas Light . 4 o 741.
London . . . . . .30 811. Do. New, . . 301. pd. 521. 15s.
Commercial ...3 o 631.
*, It is with great satisfaction that we again congratulate our readers and the public
upon the improving commerce of the country. The rates of tonnage upon the several
leading Canals throughout the kingdom for the last year exhibit a larger amount than at
any former period.
METEOROLOGICAL TABLE.
S.B. The Observations are made twice every day, at Eight o'Clock in the Morning and
at Ten in the Evening.
1819. Ther! Win General Remarks
I 'ther Wind. General Remarks.
I I .1.31 W.sw. Clear
M.6 w.
Cloudy
UE.39 W.$.w. Fossy
W S.W. Cloudy, showers
er M.
3 E clouds Foggy
M.36 W.
Cloudy
UE.
S E. cloudy Cloudy
E. 40 S.W.
Rainy
21.38 S.S.E. Thin transp. clouds
M.35 W.
Brisk gale
E. 3? | E.
Serene
E. 561 W.S.W. Cloudy
M 234| E. Slight fog,
M.36 W.S.w. Serene
E 305 & S.S.E. Sitne
E. 45 S.W. Rainy, afterw. fine
M 304 E. Foggy
M.S7 S.W. Serene
E 351 s.E. Farnt breeze
E. 39 S.W. Gentle showers
M.36 E. Foggy
M.13 ESE. Cloudy
E.33 | E.S.E. Gentle breeze
E.44 V.S.W. Stormy
21.404 Si Fresh breeze
E 'Sis.w. Showers
METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
Serene
£. 137 s.
Stormy
DURING the first six days in this month, the
M.45 sw. Showers
air was nearly calm, with frequent and very dense
E +3 s.w.
Stormy
fogs, which when they cleared up disclosed, in
SW. Cloudy
most instances, a cloudless sky; the wind fluctuata
SW. Clondy
jug between the S. and E. a very slight frost pre.
M 45W ..w. Partially cloudy
vailed in the mornings, but the thermomncter never
E11w.sw. Showers
descended lower than 46. From the 7th to the
| 11.43W S.W. Serene
14th inclusive, the wind bas g nerally blown from
5.41 S.W. Cloudy
the collateral points of the south ward of the west,
SS.W. Serene
accompanied by heary occasional showers. The
F.. 30 W.NW.
Showery
days, however, have been for the most part serene.
5.. Cloudy
The principal characteristic of the weather this
E.52 Isw. Showers
month bas been its remarkable raildness; and what
M 11WS.. Partially cloudy
is perhaps entirely unexampled, no snow has hi-
E 44 WNW Stormy
therto fallen from the coinmencement of the win.
2.35 w
Serene
ier. Every thing presages that the succeeding
T E 49 - W.S.W.
Rainy
nonth will be unusually warm, and, as may be
21.185.w. Sunng gale
Tetonably anticipated, the ensuing spring cold,
" E 43 W.s.w, Serene
blak, and unfruitful.
Sight showers
1E35 / W NV. I Serene
New MUNTHLY llac. -N0.6. VOL. XI.
M
Jan.19
| E. 39
AL3
Sw.
col


( 82 )
[Feb. 1,
| DIGEST OF POLITICAL EVENTS.
GREAT BRITAIN.
Begent has directed to be laid before you
THE new sessions of the Imperial Pare such papers as are necessary to sbew the
liament was opened on Thursday the 21st origin and result of the war in the East In-
January, by commission, on account of the dies. His Royal Highness commands us
récent death of her majesty, when the fol- to inform you, that the operations under-
lowing speech was delivered to both Hoases taken by the Governor-General in Council
of Parliament by the Lord Chancellor : against the Pindarees, were dictated by the
“My Lords and Gentlemen-We are strictest principles of self-defence; and that
commanded by his Royal Highness the in the extended hostilities which followed
Prince Regent to express to you the deep upon those operations, the Mahratta princes
regret which he feels in the continuance of were, in every instance, the aggressors.
his Majesty's lamented indisposition. In Under the provident and skilful superintend-
anpouncing to you the severe calamity with ance of the Marquis of Hastings, the cam-
which it has pleased Divine Providence to paign was marked in every point by bril-
visit the Prince Regent, the Royal Family, liant achievements and successes; and his
and the Nation, by the death of her Majesty Majesty's forces and those of the East India
the Queen of the United Kingdom, his Royal Company (native as well as European) ri-
Highness has commanded us to direct your valled each other in sustaining the reputa-
attention to the consideration of such mea- tion of the British arms. The Prince Re-
sures as this melancholy event has rendered gent has the greatest pleasure in being able
necessary and expedient with respect to the to inform you that the trade, commerce, and
care of his Majesty's sacred person. We manufactures of the country are in a most
are directed to inform you that the negocia. flourishing condition. The favourable
tions which have taken place at Aix-la-Cha- change which has so rapidly taken place in
pelle, have led to the evacuation of the the internal circumstances of the United
French territory by the allied armies. The Kingdom, affords the strongest proof of the
Prince Regent has given orders that the solidity of its resources. To cultivate and
conyention concluded for this purpose, as improve the advantages of our present situ-
well as the other documents connected with ation will be the object of your delibera-
this arrangement, shall be laid before you; tions; and his Royal Highness has com-
and he is persuaded that you will view with manded us to assure you of his disposition
peculiar satisfaction the intimate union to concur and co-operate in whatever may
which so happily subsists amongst tho pow. be best calculated to secure to his Majesty's
ers who were parties to these transactions, subjects the full benefit of that state of
and the unvaried disposition which has been peace which, by the blessing of Providence,
manifested in all their proceedings for the has been so happily re-established through
preservation of the peace and tranquillity of out Europe."
Europe. The Prince Regent has com- The customary address pas moved in the
manded us further to acquaint you, that a House of Commons by Mr. Browplow, and
treaty has been concluded between his Royal seconded by Mr. Peel, who thought that
Highness and the Government of the United every honorable member in the House
States of America, for the renewal, for a might give it his support, whatever were
further term of years, of the commercial his political views, without any impeach-
convention now subsisting between the two ment of his character for consistency, or
pations, and for the amicable adjustment of without pledging himself as to the sup-
several points of mutual importance to the port of future measures. This, however
interests of both countries; and as soon as reasonable it might appear, was not the
the ratifications shall have been exchanged, case, for Mr. Macdonald rose to remark.
bis Royal Highness will give directions that that he could not, through mere courtesy,
a copy of this treaty shall be laid before you. permit it w escape without some opposi-
« Gentlemen of the House of Commons tion. He rejoiced that roductions in the
The Prince Regent has directed that the es- army were in progress, but stigmatised the
timates for the current year shall be laid be- colouring as it respected the state of the
fore you. His Royal Highness feels assured country. It was well to hear, he said, that
that you will learn with satisfaction the ex- the people had been enabled to pay nearly
tent of reduction which the present situation four millions more than they had done last
of Europe, and the circumstances of the year, but it would be much better to learn
British empire, have enabled his Royal that in future they would have less to pay.
Highness to effect in the naval and military He regretted the omission in the speech of:
establishments of the country. His Royal all allusion to a reduction of our taxation.
Highness has also the gratification of an- After taking a rapid, but somewhat mis-
nouncing to you a considerable and progres- taken, view of the intentions of ministers to
sive improvement of the revenue in its most redeem the pledge made during the last
important branches.
session, for further reductions in taxation,
* My Lords and Gentlemen - The Prince and of the measures necessary to be adopt-


1819.]
Political Digest.
83
ed for the final abolition of the traffic in hu- A proposal has been made by govern-
man species, he concluded by observingsment for the abolition of this barbarous and
that it was well known that the principal re- feudal law, and for enabling foreigners to
suit of the Congress had been decided with-' possess their property in common with na-
out our interference; but, as these remarks tives, and, if naturalized by law, to exercise
were made without being embodied in the the elective franchise.
shape of an amendment, the address was The finances of this kingdom are evi-
agreed to.
dently improving, the funds have risen, and
On the 22d some very important conver continue steady at about 147f. Bank stock,
sation took place in the House of Commons The 5 per cents. 678. 40c. ; from which it
as it respects the general prosperity of the may be fairly inferred, that the new minis-
ountry. At this very early period of the terial arrangements are popular. Report
sitcing the agricnltural petition, which has has attributed the rise in the funds to the ex-
for a considerable time agitated and alarmed pectation that Baron Louis, the new minis.
the commercial, manufacturing, and labour- ter, will immediately cause the sale of
mg classes of society, was presented by Sir the royal forests, and apply the pro-
Gerard Noel, on behalf of certain farmers ceeds in the purchase of rentes, to the
and landholders of the county of Rotland. amount, it is calculated, of from 10 to 18
After some few observations from the ba- millions.
ronet, Mr. Calcraft called the attention of
SPAIN.
the House more particularly to the point Complaint continues to be made of the
which produced an official communication bad state of the police of this country, and
from the President of the Board of Trade, of the depredations of large troops of banditti.
stating the sentiments entertained upon it The cabinet of Madrid have contided to
by the Prince Regent's nrinisters, who la- the Junta or Corporate Body of Cadiz, the
mented extremely that such a question had task of providing transports for the comple
been agitated, and assured the House that tion of the long-talked of expedition. The
should the subject be brought forward in merchants of London, in consequence, have
parliament in the shape of a substantive pro- dispatched an agent to Cadiz vith power to
position, it should be met with their most contract for any number of ships that may
decided opposition. From this specimen of be required. The sudden death of the
the feelings of ministers, and of the sober- queen, in the 22d year of her age, has
thinking part of the House of Commons, we caused considerable consternation at Ma-
may fairly conclude that the object of those drid. Her majesty, whose accouchement
who would add to the burdens of the poor, was hourly expected, was seized with con-
by increasing the price of the staff of life, vulsions on the evening of the 26th, and lived
has wholly failed.
only twentv-two minutes after the first at-
The Bank Restriction Bill also underwent tack. After her majesty's decease, the
a partial discussion, on which subject the Cæsarian operation was performed, but the
assurance of the Chancellor of the Exche- child (a female) only survived a few minutes.
quer was truly gratifying ; he said, he saw The deceased queen, Maria Isabella Fran-
no reason to suppose that he should find it ces, was born at Lisbon on the 16th May,
necessary in the present year to have re- 1797, was the daughter of the Prince of
course to a loan or funding. From what Brazil, now John VI. King of Portugal, by
passed in the House of Commons, as well Charlotte Joachima Bourbon, Infanta of
as what fell from the Earl of Liverpool on Spain. Her majesty was married in person
Tuesday, in the House of Lords, it appears to the king on the 29th September, 1816,
evident that ministers intend to propose a having been before married by proxy. His
further extension to the 1st of March, 1820, Majesty was born in 1784.
of the restriction on cash payments by the
AMERICA.
Bank of England.
A very important public document has
PRANCE.
been submitted to the President of the
The Chambers continue their sittings, United States, from Mr. Graham and Mr.
and are nearly as active as our own Parlia. Rodney, two gentlemen employed by the
ment. They are at present occupied in a American government to report upon the
measure, the importance of which is not present state of South America, which ex-
confined to their own country. According hibits the views of America towards these
to the ancient laws of France, and the re- provinces. It is almost matter of certainty,
newal of part of them in the Code Napo- that they will be divorced from Spain, and
leon, the goods of foreigners, dying in thereby released from a thraldom which
France, became the property of the crown; cramped their growth, and whilst it pro-
so that, if a foreign traveller should have a hibited enjoyment to others, kept them in a
considerable sum with him, or should have constant state of pupillage.
purchased any leasehold interest in a house A bill has been brought into the House of
or land, such sum of money and such lease- Representatives, the observations on which
hold become, upon his death, forfeited to afford a melancholy picture of the suffer-
the crown. This law, and the prerogative ings of the emigrants from Europe, in their
under it, are called the DROIT D'AUBALNE. passage to the United States. They are


Incidents, in and near London.
[Feb. I,
not exceeded by the privations of the blacks 14th of December, sent a dispatch to Ad-
in the middle passage, nor attended with miral Biron, stating, that he was at Tee-
less mortality. Of 5,000, who sailed from tegos, to the windward of Margaretta, with
Antwerp, &c. &c. in the year 1817–1,000 four vessels under his command : his flag
died on the passage. In one instance, a was then flying on board a forty-four yun
Captain sailed from a Dutch port with 1,287 frigate, which had been struck by ligining -
passengers, in a single ship; he shortly a few days previous, by which she was
atlerwards put into the Texel ; in the interval much injured. It is intended to give up
400 had died, and 300 more died before the the point of superiority to Lord Coch-
vessel reached Philadelphia.
rane, and an attack will then immediately be
SOUTH AMERICA.
made on some part of the Main. General
Active operations are about to take place Bolivar has resigned his civil office, and
among the Patriots, in consequence of the declares that he will accept of none but a
arrival of Admiral Cochrane, who, on the military one.
INCIDENTS, PROMOTIONS, BIRTIS, MARRIAGES, DEATUS, &c. IN
LONDON AND MIDDLESEX;
With Biographical Accounts of Distinguished Characters.
140,0001.
BULLETIN OF THE KING'S HEALTH. The remaining jewels she gives equally
Ilinisor Castle, Jan. 2, 1819. amongst the four daughters just mentioned,
“ HIS Majesty's disorder remains unal- to be divided according to a valuation to
tered. His Majesty continues cheerful, and be made of them.
in good general health.”
The house and ground at Frogmore, and
(Signed as usual.) the Shawe establishment, her Majesty gives
. THE LATE QUEEN'S WILL.
to the Princess Augusta Sophia ; but if
The will of her late Majesty was last she should find living in it, and keeping it
week proved in Doctors' Commons, by Lord up too expensive, it is directed to revert to
Arden and Gen. Taylor, the executors. The the Crown, upon a valuation being made
personal property is sworn to as being under and given for it to the Princess Augusta
Sophia, with due consideration to the inda-
The will is in substance as follows : provements; whether it shall please the
Her Majesty directs her debts, and the Prince Regent to reserve the possession of
legacies and annuities given by her will, to it as an appendage to Windsor Castle, or to
be paid out of the persovalty, or out of the authorize any other disposal of it.
sale of persoanlty, if there is not sufficient l er Majesty gives the fixtures, articles
in her Majesty's treasury to provide for of common household furniture, and live
those payments.
and dead stock in the house at Frogmore,or
lier Majesty states her property to con- on the estates, to her daughter Augusia So-
sist of a real estate in New Windsor, called phia.
the Lower Lodge, and of personals of va- She gives the real estate in New Wind-
rious description: those of the greatest value sor, purchased of the late Duke of St. di-
being her jewels, which are classed as fol- bans,and commonly called the Lower Lodge,
lows:---
with its appendages, to her youngest daugh-
1. Those which the king purchased for ter Sophia.
50,0001. and presented to her (supposed on Her books, plate, housc-linen, china, pic-
her marriage).
tures, drawings, prints, all articles of orna-
2. Those presented to her by the Nabob mental furniture, and all other valuables
of Arcot.
and personals, she directs to be divided in
3. Those purchased by herself, or being equal shares, according to a valuation to be
presents made on birth-days, or other occa- made, amongst her four younger daughters.
sions.
Her Majesty states, that she brought
In the event of the King surviving, and various property from Mecklenburs, as
being restored from his malady, her Majesty specitied in a list, No. I, to be annexed 10
bequeaths to him, the jewels which he pur- her will; and she desires, ihat that property
chased and gave her; but it he should not shall revert to the flouse of Mecklenburg
survive, or not be restored to a sound state Strelitz, and be sent back to the senior
of mind, she then gives those jewels to the branch of that house.
Hlouse of Hanover as an heir-loom.
Her Majesty then expresses her intention
Her Majesty then alludes to the Queen of giving several legacies, as specilied in a
of Wurtemberg being so handsomely pro- list No. 2, to be amiexed to her will, to be
vided for, and gives the jewels presented by paid out of her personal property, within
the Nahob of jrcot, to her four remaining six months after her death; but no such
daughters, 1 recting those jewels to be sold, lists as these were annexed to her will, or
and the produce divided amongst the four made out by her Majesty
daughters, subject to the charge of debts, dc. Her Majesty appoints Lord Arden and


1819.)
85
Incidents, in and neur London,
General Taylor, trustees for the property more than four quarters ; so that the extra
hequeathed to her daughters, Elizabeth expence is more than repaid four-foid. The
and Mary; stating that property to be left expense of digging an acre of ordinary
to them for their sole benefit, and indepen- land, at nursery price, he states to be 335.;
dent of any husbands they have, or may and this, he adds, is an operation worth two
have, and she also appoints Lord Arden ploughings; and besides, by planting the
and General Taylor her erecutors.
wheat, there is a great saving in seed. lu
The will is dated Nov. 16, 1818 (the day the usal mode of broad-cast, it requires two
hetore her Majesty's death). It is in the bushels to the acre; but in planting, one
haod-writing of General Tavlor; and two peck is sufficient. Mr. T. also states, that
of the attesting witnesses, are Sir Francis by spade husbandry he has made an acre of
Miliman and Sir licnry Halford.
land produce the almost incredible quantity
Society for the Encouragement of Indus- of 800 bushels! and he gives it as his opi-
try, and Reduction of Poors' Rates.---The nion, that the more general use of the spade
Provisional Committee recently formed in would have the most beneficial effect, not
London, for the above purposes, continue only upon the agricultural labourers thein-
their well-meant and patriotic endeavours; selves, bnt on their employers also; for al-
and are collecting a mass of practical in- though the lariner might not be able to find
formation from all parts of the country on labourers to cultivate large quantities of
the condition of the labourers in agriculture. land in this way, he might at least cultivate
The expedients principally recomended sufficient to employ his quota of the la-
in the communications made to the Com- bourers of his parish, and so at once exo-
mittee are, it is stated, of two kinds; the nerate the poor rates, and be himself amply
one proposing the allotment of small por- repaid.
rious of land, at a moderate rent, to married With respect to the probable general and
labourers; and the other recommending a ultimate success of the exertions of this So.
more general adoption of spade cultivation. ciety, we shall not at present oifer any opi-
On the former subject, the ProvisionalCom- nion. Every humane mind, bowever, must
mittee have been tavoured with a letter from wish that it may prove unqualified. Mean-
the Bishop of Chester, in which his Lord while, we give circulation to the following
ship strenuously recommends a mode once queries, proposed by the committee, with a
adi,pted by himself, among the married la view to elicit such information as they con-
hourers at Wallingham, near Cambridge, at ceive likely to favour their praiseworthy
the time he was rector of that parish. Ilis undertaking :-
lordship divided a certain quantity of glebe Inquiries.-l. If such of the poor as
lands into allotments of half and single have small families, and are out of work, or
acres, and each labourer, with a family, was whose low wages are insufficient to main-
allowed to rent one of these allotments, attain then, were supplied with a small por-
the rate of three guineas per acre a year.- tion of land nearly rent free, with the means
Upon this land, with the assistance of a little of erecting a cottage, if necessary, on the
common grazint, they were, in most in- same, would it prove a stimulus to industry,
stances, soon able to keep a cow and a pig; be accepted and cultivated, and eventually
to raise more than suflicient vegetables for render parochial rehef unnecessary?
their families; to add materially to their 2. For persons with large families, say
comfort in many minor respects; and they six children and upwards, in similar circum-
were shortly enabled to contribute to the pa- stances, would it be considered likely, if a
rish funds, instead of being consumers of cow and a sufficient quantity of land, say one
them. « At the same time," adds his Lord- and a half or two acres, at a low rent, were
ship, “ the men were kept from the ale- supplied, that such would be enabled to live
house, their leisure time being more happi- without parochial assistance?
ly occupied in cultivating their little spot of 3. What effects might such assistance be
ground: the rent was always punctually expected to produce in a given number of
paid, and the land as well, if not better, cul- years (say ten or fifteen) on the moral condi-
tivated, than any in the parish._Upon the tion and happiness of the poor, especially of
subject of spade cultiration, the commit- the rising race, and the welfare of the com-
tee have received very conclusive calcula. munity at large?
tions of the advantages to he derived from 4. If approved (and the money necessary
it. Among others, Mr. Taller, of Gates- to accomplish it could be raised), your opi-
head, near Newcastle (a gentleman to whom nion is requested as to the best mode of car-
they were referred for information, by the rying the same into effect.
venerable President of the Board of Agri- 5. Your opinion is requested on the pro-
culture), has communicated a variety of im- priety of large and populous places employ-
portant facts on this head. He gives an in- ing land for the occupation of their poor
stance of lands cultivated by the spade, and under suitable superintendance (which has
the wheat planted in dibbles, producing in some instances been practised) with a
the enormous return of seventeen quarters view to enable them to subsist without paro-
of wheat to the acre! The average produce chial aid ?
in the ordinary mode of cultivation, is not 6. Any other information on the subject


86
[Feb. 1,
Ecclesiastical Preferments
of furnishing employment to our industrious ton and Felbrigg, Norfolk,--Rev. H. D.
poor, not prejudicial to existing occupations, Leeves, M. A. student of C.C. Oxford, to the
will be esteemed.
domestic chaplaincy of the earl of Whit-
A General bill of all the christenings and worth Rev. Charles Lethbridge, to the
hurials from December 16, 1817, to Decem- perpetual curacy of St. Stephens, by Laun-
ber 15, 1818:- Christened in the 97 pa- ceston.-Rev. E. I. Poweys, to the rectory
rishes within the walls, 1,048; buried, 1,204. of Bucknall and Bagnal, Staffordshire.--Rev.
Christened in the 17 parishes without the H. Poynder, to the rectory of Horne, Sur-
walls, 5,317; buried, 4,078. Christened in rey.- Rev. R. B. Plumptree, to the rectory
the 23 out-parishes in Middlesex and Sur- of North Coates, Lincolnshire-Rev. George
rey, 13,410; buried, 10,099.-Christened Pearson, M. A. to the perpetual curacy of
in the 10 parishes in the City and Liberties St. Olaves, Chester.Rey. Jobn Risley, to
of Westminster, 4,458; buried, 4,324. the rectory of Thornton, with that of Ash-
Christened Males - - 2,530 ton, Norts. -Rev. E. Spettigle, to the rec-
Ditto Females - 11,703 tory of Michaelstow, Cornwall.--Rev. E.
Buried Males - - 9,883 Valpy, to the rectory of Twaite, Norfolk.
Ditto Females - 9,822 Rev. James Ward, to the rectory of Bialiog-
Whereof have died,
ham, St. Peter, Norfolk.-Rev. H. B.
Under two years of age -- 5,381 Wroch, M. A. to the vicarage of Tottenhoe,
· Between two and five - - - 1,815 Bedfordsbire.
Five and ten - - - - - - 808 Births.At Cay Hill, the lady of E.
- Ten and twenty - - - - - 703 Harman, esg. of a son and heir.-In Bull's-
Twenty and thirty-
1,453 head court, the wife of Mr. Saunders, of
Thirty and forty - -
1,884 twins ; she is in the fifty-ninth year of her
Forty and fifty - -
2,040 age, and had no children for thirty-five years
Filty and sixty - ..
1,364 before.-In Tavistock-square, the lady of
Sixty and seventy - -
1,585 · Duncan Campbell, esq. of a daughter.
Seventy and eighty - - 1,271 In Cecil-street, the lady of H. R Plaw, esq.
- Eighty and pinety-
722 of a daughter.-In Tower-street, the lady of
Ninety and a hundred -
175 G. Farrar, esq, of a daughter. In New
A hundred - - - - -
Bridge-street, Mrs. Martin Ware, of a son.
A hundred and one - - -
-The lady of captain Weyland Powell, of
· A hundred and two - - -
the guards, of a daughter.-In Welbeck-
A hundred and eight -..
street, the lady of sir James Lake, bart, of
Decreased in burials this year, 263 a daughter.--In Bernard-street, the lady of
The late Lord Ellenborough died worth R. H. Ripley esq.-10 Norfolk-street, Parke
upwards of 240,000). By his will he has lane, the hon. Mrs. Repton, of a son. In
left 2,000). for life to his widow; 10,0001, Charlotte-street, Portland-place, the lady of
a year to his eldest son, the present lord, and W. Vansittart, esg. of a son.- In Tavistock-
15,000). to each of his other children. He square, the wife of J. Braham, esq. of a sou.
has directed the house in St. James's. --The lady of J. Levien, esq. of a son -
square and the villa at Rochampton to be in Manchester-street, Manchester-square,
sold—the former cost 18,0001.
the lady of J. Baillie, esq. of twin sons.
The following regiments are under or- In High-street, Mary-le-bone, the lady of
ders to embark at Cork for foreign ser H. Down, esq. of a son.-In Gower-st. Bed-
vice :--The 27th, for Gibraltar; 50th and ford-square, the lady of William Oldpall Rus-
92d, for Jamaica ; 82d, for the Mauritius ; sel, esq. of a son. In Bernard-st. Russel-
20th, for St. Helena; 45th, for Ceylon. square, the lady of R. H. Coote, esq. of a
The 3d West India regiment, at Jamaica son.-In Berners-street, the lady of J. Leck-
and the Bahama Islands, and the 4th West Jie, esq. of a son. In Southampton-row,
India regiment, at Gibraltar, are both to be Russel-square, the lady of J. Chabot, esq.
taken by the transports to Sierra Leone to of a daughter In Woburn-place, the lady
be disbanded. The 22d regiment is to re- of J. H. Merivale, esq, of a daughter.-In
turn from the Mauritius. The 20th regi- Lower Brook-street, the lady of Dr.
ment is an additional corps, to be stationed Warren, of a daughter.-In Henrietta-street,
at St. Helena (the 66th being there), owing lady Wilson, of a son and heir-In St.
to the reduction recently made in the num- James's-square, the duchess of St. Albans,
ber of men in each regiment.
of a son.-Mrs. T, H. Longden, of Wood-
Ecclesiastical Preferments. Rev.H. Be- lodge, of a son.-In Lower Brook-street, the
van, to the living of Congresbury, Somer- lady of D.Warren, esq. of a daughter. The
set.--Rev. J. Brewster, to the vicarage of lady of Lieu. Col. Forssteen, of a daughter.
Grantham, Durham.-Rev. John Davison, In Nottingham-place, the lady of Hugh
to the rectory of Washington, Durham. Rose, esq. of a son.
Rev. George Feaver, A. M. to the vicarage Married. At Sunbury, James Ross, L.
of Lydling St. Nicholas, Dorset.--Rev. J.T. L. D. to Miss Smith.-Af St. George's, Han-
Horton, to the vicarage of Ormskirk, Lan- over-square, J. Delafield, esq. to Charlotte,
cashire.-- Rev.J.Hollist, to the perpetual cu- fourth daughter of H, C. Combe, esg. of
racy of St. James's Church, Manchester. Cobham-park.--At St. George's church, the
Rev. P. Hudson, to the rectories of Ainier- nost noble Marquis of Blandford, to lady


1819.)
87
Births, Marriages, &c. in London and Middlesex.
Jabe Stewart, daughter of the earl of Gallo- trate of Hatton Garden, aged 72.- James
way.-M. F. Farr, esq. to Mary Anne, Moffat, esq. of Hoxton-square, London.
youngest daughter of Sir E. Lacon. At At Chelsea, Capt. Wolfe, relict of Lord
Hampstesd, J. Spencer, esq. of Bellanger, Kilwarden. In Green Park-place, LadyAra-
to Julia, daughter of the late Dr. Lawreoce. minta Moncl.-In Warren-street, Fitzroy-
-At St. Mary-le-bone, E. B. Deeple, esq. square, Col. James Robertson, 66.-Miss
to Miss L. Elmsley, of Stratford-lodge, Clark, daughter of James Clark, esq. of
Wilts.-T. Prior, esq. of the 18th hussars, Northampton.-lo Wimpole-street, George
to miss Skinner, of Moore-hall, Berks.-R. Augustus Frederick, youngest son of the
Paterson, esg. of Woburn-place, to Caro- late H. Vernon, esq. of Hilton-park, Staf-
line Frances, youngest daughter of the late ford.---In Red Lion-square, G. Sandeman,
R. Cateley, esq.-At St. George's, Hanover- esq. M. D. 72.
square, the Rev. G. Godbold, M. A. to Miss
SIR PHILIP PRANCIS.
Elen Cooke, niece of the bishop of Durham. At his house in St. James's-square, on the
-At St. Pancras, M. Holmes, Esq. to Miss 22d of December, Sir Philip FRANCIS,
E. Holmes. At Harrow, L Mc. Kinnon, K.B. He was born at Dublin, October 22,
630. to Miss Duncan.
1740, old style, being the son of Dr. Philip
Died.-In Friday-street, J. Elliott, esq. Francis, translator of Horace; grandson of
aged seventy-five, common council-man of John Francis, dean of Lisinore, and great
Bread-street ward for twenty-seven years.- grandson of another John Francis, dean of
In Salisbury-court, Fleet-street, Daniel LoLeighlin; a series of similar honours de-
vell, esq. proprietor and editor of the States- scending in the line scarcely to be paralleled.
man newspaper.-In Upper Berkely-street, His mother's name was Roe, and she was a
Mrs. Scott, formerly of Scott's-hall, Kent, descendant of the famous ambassador of that
aged ninety-three.--In King's-parade, Chele name, The late Sir Philip was educated
sea, W. Bolland, esq. The Right Hon. partly in Ireland, and partly at St. Paul's
Earl Powlett, Viscount and Baron of Hinton, School, in which last seminary, however, he
St. George's. He was twice married ; by did not long continue, for at the age of six-
his first wife, Sophia, daughter of Admiral teen, we find him placed in the Secretary of
Pocock, K.B. he had 10 children, 5 of whom State's office. Two years afterwards, he
died in the flower of youth and manhood. was appointed Secretary to General Bligh, in
His Lordship had been in a declining state his expedition against Cherburgh. In 1760
for some months; but his health had of late he acted in the same capacity to the Earl of
so much improved, that his medical attend- Kinnou), ambassador to the court of Lis.
ants entertained the most sanguine expecta- bon: and in 1763, he received a consider-
tions of his recovery. He was, however, able appointment in the War Office, which
seized with a fit of apoplexy, which termi- situation he resigned in 1772, on account of
nated his existence in the course of a very some difference with Lord Barrington. The
her hours.--In Lincoln's-inn-fields, Aaron same year, he travelled through Germany,
Graham, esq. In Clarges-street, I. Manby, France, and Italy; and soon after his re-
esq. of Downsell-hal.- At Clayhill, Enfield, turn, was named in the new Act of Parlia-
J. Carr, Esq. in Southampton-st. Blooms ment as one of the council appointed for the
bury, A. Toulmin, esq.İn Gower-street, government of Bengal. He remained in
aged 86, the Rev. Dr. William Morrice, India some years, which period exhibited
the senior of his majesty's chaplains.-At little else than a history of the disputes be-
Pentonville, W. Jones, esq. aged 84. tween him and Mr. Hastings. These contests
In Charlotte-street, Bloomsbury, Miss Ann ran so high as to produce a duel, in which
Wyndham, daughter of col. Wyndham. Mr. Francis was severely wounded. He left
lo York-place, Mrs. O'Neil Power, wife of Bengal in Dec.1780, and arrived in England
Dr. O'Neil Power.-At Gloucester-place, in Oct. 1781. On the dissolution of Parlia.
Jemima, third daughter of the late Charlesment in 1784, he was elected for Yarmouth,
Pasley, Esq.Adrian Hope, esq. second in the Isle of Wight. He had now an op-
son of the late J. Hope, esq. of Harley-st. portunity of venting his resentment against
In Charlotte-street, Fitzroy-square, Mrs. his old antagonist, and he did not fail to take
Bewers, widow of captain J. H. Bewers, R. advantage of it. The prosecution of Mr.
N.-Al Homerton, FrancesMary, the eldest Hastings followed; and to the disgrace of
daughter of H. Dickinson, esq.-At Chelsea, the managers, they strove hard to get his
Helen, wife of R. Price, esq. At Blaek- most inveterate enemy associated with them-
heath, Mary, wife of S. Kent, esq. aged selves in the conduct of the impeachment.-
GI.-In Upper Berkley-street, Mrs. Scott, This, however, was too barefaced to pass,
relict of Edward Scott, esq. aged 94; and the motion was repeatedly negatived.
she was wet purse to the Prince Re. In 1806, the king invested Mr. Francis with
gent.---Al Stepney, captain Wm. Snow, the Order of the Bath, since which he has
Royal Navy, aged 86.-In Beaumont-street, appeared but little before the public, except
R. Heathcote, esg. of the audit office, aged in a “ Letter to Earl Grey on the State of
74In Poland-street, Charles Newby, esq. Affairs;" and in the form of a claimant to
aged 75, Thomas Leach, esq. magis the Letters of Junius. Whether the book


88
(Feh. 1, ,
Births, Marriages, &c. in London and Middleser.
in which his pretensions are pompously set rotes than one?" “ Yes, my Lord, I have
forth was written with his cognizance we four.” “ Ave, indeed ! why then, before
dare not say ; but it does not a pear that you take the book, be kind enough to pin.
he has ever disavowed the assumption which up my curls." With this demand, the
it advocates in his name. For our paris, pro, rietor of four votes, amounting in the
we have not the smallest faith in an assertion whole to ten thousand pounds, immediately
which is at variance with every rule of pro- couplied. Let it be observed, however,
bability. It is said that he has left an his. in justice to this eccentric nobleman, that
torical manuscript relating to the principal Courtois was actually the regular attendant
characters of the present reign; and when upon his Lordship, as his friseur at this very
that appears, if ever it doth appear, we shall time. In the year 1795, Mr. Courtois was
be bett r enabled to judge of the literary me. brought before the public in a very ree
rits of a man whose talents were certainly markable manner, on the following occa-
not very conspicuous beyond the precincts sion :--A female adventurer, named Maria
of his party. Before his death, he was re- Theresa Phipoe, who lived in Hans Town,
duced in extreme debility by an excruciating Brompton, formed an acquaintance with the
disease in the prostaie glands, with which miser, whom she inveigled to her house
he had been for several years afflicted, and upon an invitation, and when there, with the
from which his age precluded ali chance of assistance of Mary Browne her servant, she
recovery. He has lett a son, Philip, and fastened the visitor in a chair, and extorted
two daughters, Mrs. Johnson and Mrs. from him a cheque on his banker for 2,0001.-
Cholmondeley. A short time ago he mar- after threatening, and even attempting to
ried Miss Watkins, the daughter of a cler- cut his throat. Even after he had signed
gyman. The disparity of years was great, the note, she again made an attempt to
but the attachment had been of long dura- murder bim: and it was with the greatest
tion. In person Sir Philip was thin, well difficulty that he cffected his escape, three
formed, and above the ordinary stature; his or four of his fingers being cut in the
features regular, and his eyes keen, quick, struggle. The next morning, Mr. Courtois
and intelliLent: his appearance altogether gave information at the police office and the
prepossesying, gentlemanly, and dignitied. Bank, in consequence of which, the virago
• JOHN COURTOIS.
was taken into custody, and committed on a
At his house in St. Martin's-street, Lei- capital charge. Though convicted at the
cester-fields, JOIN COURTOIS, an hair- Old Bailey, on the evidence of her servant,
dresser, and a native of France. He came a point of law was raised in her favour by
to England in the capacity of a gentleman's the ingenuity of her counsel, and she eluded
valet, about filty years ago; and after living justice for that time; but a few years after-
with several persons of respectability, set up wards snffered death for murder. Since
shop in the very house where he died. Here then, old Courtois has had a family of five
he carried on the business of a peruke children, tivo sons, and three daughters; to
maker and hair dresser, on a respectable the last of whom he has bequeathed the bulk
footing, many years: but he added to his of his fortune, anicunting at the least to
profession another, which proved more lo- 250.0001. He had in his lifetime made a
crative: having a very extensive acquaint handsome settlement on the mother, who is
ance with the servants in genteel families, not, therefore, named in his will, which is
his shop became the resort of persons of remarkably technical and curious. He
that description; particularly those who has left small annuities only to his sons,
were out of place. These he instructed in alleging their extravagance as the reason.
the art of hair-dressing, gave them tem- The rest is rested in trustees for the girls,
porary employment, ariri nerer failed in who are very young; but in failure of le-
procuring them situations, for all which he gitimate issue on their part, the property is
expected a handsome acknowledgment; to pass to the children of his sons; and in
and if they refused to comply with his case of their dying without any, the whole
te ms, he was sure to make them feel the is to go to St. George's Hospital.
effects of his resentment. By these means, It should be observed of Courtois, that
and the most penurious habits, he soon he was scrupolously honest in his dealings,
made money, which he very carefully placed and faithful to his engagements. The tar-
out upon public security, where interest re- gatherers had never to call upon him twice.
duplicating upon itself with continued addi- for if he was not at home, and they left
tions to the principle, multiplied to a large their bill, he made it a point the same or
capital in the course of a few years, the next day, to wait upon them with the
The late Lord Gage one day met Cour- amount of their demand. His appearance
tois at the East-India House, where a sharp was quite of the last age; his chapeau
contest for the direction was pending, and being such as was worn forty or fifty years
being rather surprisel, he accosted him ago, and his coat invariably of a fawn or
thus:-“ Ali, Courtois, what brings you morone colour, though sufficiently thread.
here?" "To give my totes, my Lord,” bare to denote the carefulness of the
was the answer. “ What, are you a pro- wearer.
prielor?" “ Most certainly.” “. And more


1819.]
PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES
IN THE COUNTIES OF ENGLAND, ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY. .
BEDFORDSHIRE.
rector of that place-W. J. Spence, esq. to Julie,
The Earl of Bradford was lately in im- only daughter of the late J Lawrence, D.D.
minent perd of his life by a bull, belonging Died.) At Aston Clinton, the Dowager Lily
to the Duke of Bedford. His Lordship Williams, relict of Sir D. Williams, of Sarree-- At
was viewing the animal in its stall, when it
Buckland, Sir J. Trogmorton, bart.-At Cheshain,
P. Hepburn, esq. 95-At Etoo. Mr. R. Alkios, 72.
attacked him with its horns, and trampled P.
who for 55 years had been employed as a compo-
upon him. His Lordship happily escaped
sitor at the Eton press-At Marlow, S. Cleobury,
from the animal's ferocity, by getting under eso. 69.
The manger.
Married.) At Kempston, J. Chandles, esq. jun.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
to Caroline, daughter of Sir W. Loog.
Married.] At Koecsworth Hall, A. M. Night-
Died. At Woburn, Mr. Lucas, 70; he had been
ingale, esq. to Mariaune, only daughter of the late
ingale
to Brickhill church, to hear a sermon on the death Capt. H. Beaver-Mr. Filby. to Miss Hayward.
- the queen, and, immediately on his return Fordhatn-Mr. King, to Miss Edwards, of Dul.
hoine, appareatly in good health and spirits, felt lingham.
down in a fit of apoplexy, and expired without a Died.) At Trinity College, Cambridge, R. N.
groan.
Cook, esq. of Dartford, Kent--At Cainbridge, Mrs.
BERKSHIRE.
E. Houghton-Richard Lang's, esq.
We are rejoiced at any thing like the ap-
pearance of a return of the good old times.
CORNWALL.
We allude to the re-establishment of a Births.) At Truro, the Isdy of C. Cariyon, esq.
pitched market for corn, at Abingdon. This of a daughter-At Truro, the lady of Col. Head,
mode of traffic in the staff of lite, was for- of daughter-A: Truro, Mrs. Batchelor, of a
merly generally adopted in this part of the
daughter--At Truro, the lady of J. W. Chilcott,
esq. of a son- At Launceston, Mış. Darke, of a
country, and we are at a loss to account for
daughter.
its being superseded by the sale by sample.
Murried.) E Paul, esq. of Penzance, to Jade,
In our opinion, no possible good can result
daughter of the late Wm Steward, esq. Mylor-
daught
from the latter to the public; and if a sale J. K. Lethbridge, csq. of Launceston, to Miss Ba.
in bulk should again become general, it will ron, af Tregner-A Cooke, esq. of Upcot House, lo
have, in a great measure, the effect of ex- Miss Anne Heysett--At St. Martin's, the Rev. J.,
duding those called middle men. We were Pascol, to Miss Anne Bennel-At Redruth, Mr.
inghly gratified on Monday, the market T. Vincent, 78, to Miss Hodge, 28-At Truro,
day at Abingdon, at beholding upwards of Capt. Parnall, to Miss Cleave--Ar Moyness, J. C.
Cookworthy, esq. M. D. to Miss Jane Urquhart.
qui ceams of corn drawn into the town, by
some of the finest horses in the kingdom,
Died.) At St. Evcn parsonage, the Rev. T. J.
Hamley, 59-At Falmouth, Mr. A. Gray-At Tre.
and their arrival was hailed with joy by a
golis, near Truro, Rear Admiral Luke, 71- At
numerous body of the inhabitants. We Calstork, Thoinas Wallis, esq-At Launcestou, Mrs.
have
Mary Jones-At flelston, Mis. Johns, relict of '.
whole found a ready sale, and the circum n- Johns, esq.--At Penryn, Mrs. Heame, wife of B.
stance bespoke the future prosperity of this Heame, esq. 67-At South Petherwin, Mrs. E.
spirited undertaking. Prioes per qr. were Turner, 101–At Penzunce, Miss Usticke, 82--At
as follow:- Wheat 56s. to 90s. Barley 65s. Launceston, Miss Kingdon, 73.
10 735. Oats 36s. to 45s. Beans 70s. to
CHESHIRE.
78s. Peas 74s. to 785. Bread, at Abing-
The Earl of Grosvenor is about to
don, Is. 8d.. per gall.
erect a number of alms-houses at Cheg-
Reading Gazette.
ter, for the reception of aged and reduced
Births.) At Maiden Erlegh, near Reading, the freemen of that city, and to endow them
lady of J. Weeble, esq. of a son.
with an annual sum for their comfortable
Varricd.) Mr. Jarman, of bath, ta Ellen, second
support.
daughter of David Fenton, esq. of Reading.
Capt. A. B. Valpy, R. N. third son of the Rev. Dr. Births.] The lady of John Sleaton, esn. of Plag
Valpy, to Appu, daughter of R. Harris, esq. bank Heaton, in the county of Denbigh-The lady of
es; both of Reading-At Windsor, J. K Picard, the Rev. R. Newcome, of a son~The lady of
esq. of Hull, to Miss Homfrey, of Boworth Ilouse
Randle Wilhrabam, esq. of a son-At the Viaj.
-T. Trior, esq. to Miss E. Skinner-At Reading, age, Leanasa, she wife of the Rev. H. Parry, of
31. J. Armstrong, to Miss Atkinson.
son-At Thelwall, the lady of P. T. Clarke, esq, or
Died.] A Windsor, Louisa, daughter of the a daughter.
luie Dr. Thackwray-At his seat, Buckland, Sir J.
Married At Wilmslow, H. Holditch, esq. to
Coorkenay Throg morton,
Miss Edwards, of the Grove House, Wilinslow,'
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
Died. T. White, esq. Little Sutton, 89--Miss
Parker, danghter of George Parker, esq. of New-
Births.) Al Hambledon House, the lady of
ton, near Chesler-At Chester, Joseph Bowes, eso
Cbas, Scott Murray.esq. of a son and beir.
78-At Congleton, Helen, the wife of N. Palerson
Hurricd. Al Chingford, the Rev. W. L. Baker,
11. A. Lo Harriet, daughter of the Rev. R. Lewis. esq. 55–A1 Nantwich, Mrs. Snelson.
New MONTHLY MAG.–No. 61. VOL. XI. N


90 Cumberland-Derbyshire-Devonshire-Dorsetshirem Esser.(Feb. 1,
** ,:19 ... CUMBERLAND. . . Mary, eldest daughter of Fairfax Moresby, e39,-
The mildness of the season has been nos
At Rockbeere, the Rev. C. U. Martin, to Miss
ticed in almost every quarter of this king-
Porter, Sloane-At Plymouth, J. Fotleringkan,
dom, and its effects with regard to the ve
esq. to Miss Banks.
Died.] At Exeter, Mrs. Kilpin, wile of the Rre.
getable creation"; but a more extraordinary
S Kilpin-At Exmouth, S. Tickell, esq. 5The
instance was perhaps never recorded in na Rey. W. Moore, rector of Chagford-At Plymouth,
tural history than that of a young brood of the Rei, II. Meads. 59-The Rer. W. Carter, ii.
Red Grouse (Moorgawe) being hatched, car of West Anstey-At Dawlish, Mrs. Anne
and now just able to fly, on Eskdale Moor, Hughes--At Exmouth, Isabelia, wife of T. flothes,
near Whitehaven. .
esq.-At Barnstaple, J. Mortimer, esq. R.N.-A.
Married.] At Workington, Captain John Tol. West Anstey, the Rev. W. Carter.
903, to Miss Eleanor Whicoside. --At Carlisle, J.
DORSETSHIRE.
•Kawes, esq. to Miss S. Mitchell.
At a quarterly meeting of the Vice-presi.
Died Ambrose Turner, esq. of Keswick, lor. dent, Trustees, and Managers of the Dor.
merly of Mauchester, 66.-At Carlisle, 58, Mrs.
chester Bank for Savings, on Saturday the
Collius, relict of the late R. Collins, esq.--At
9th, W. M. Pitt, esq. M. P. V.P. in the
Whitehaven. J. Harriman, esq.-At Egremont, Mr.
chair, the treasurer's accounts were pro-
D. Atkinson, 75, forty-five years of which he was
parish clerk.-Al Curlisle, Miss Anne Ferguson,
duced, examined, and proved highly satis-
fourth danghter of the late J. Ferguson, esq, 21.-- factory, the amount of deposits are 5,750).
Ralph Hodgson, esq 81.-G. Hodgson, esq. 77.- Births.] At Osmington, the lady of the Rer.
At Whitehaven, Mrs. Hodgson, 98.–At Newcastle, Archdeacon Fisher, of a daughter-ot Preston
Mr. Maxwell, surgeon, 40.
House, the lady of J. Mills, esq. of a son.
DERBYSHIRE.
Married.] At Abbotsbury Castle, Sir R. Shef.
* Married. At Matlock; J. Wygram, esq. M, A. field, bart, 10 Miss Newbolt, daugliter of Sir II.
to Anne, daughter of R. Arkwright, of Willersly, Newbolt, chief justice at Madras-At Poole, R.
6sq.-At Aubley, the Rev. J. Mainwaring, of Slade, esq. to Miss E. S. Slade.
Blombro' Hall, to Miss Anne Edwards.--At Died.) At Sherborne, J. Crottwell, psa, pro-
Wirksworth, J. D. Cumrnins, esq. to Miss A. P. prietor of the Dorchester and Sherborne Journal
Ward. At Derby. Mr J. Townsend, to Miss E. At Melbury House, in childbed of her fourth child,
Poyser. - At Bonsell, Mr. Oldfield, to Miss C. the Right Hon. Countess of Ilcliester-At Poole,
Hobson.
Mrs. Bristow, wife of J. Bristow, esq.-The Earl
· Died.) E. Hancock, esq. 73-At Tupton Hall, Poulett, 63-Al Dorchester, Mrs. Gould Reade
W. Attwood Lord, esq. 39-At Burton, Dr. J.Ro. At Fuidige House, Mrs. Caun, 70; also J. Caus,ber
gers Stokes--A: Derby, Mrs. Leadbeater, 91- At son; at the same place, Mrs. A. Hughes-a!
Buxton, J. S. Rogers, esy. M.D. 32–At Buxton, Shaftesbury, Mrs. Collis, 75. .
Dr. Stokes-At Starely, the Rev. F. Dixon, LL.D..
ESSEX.
"DEVONSHIRE...
Land Draining. There are many thou-
• Plymouth, Jan, 2.-We regret to say, sands of acres of land in Esses which are
that the last month has proved particularly now draining, without straw, by digging the
disastrous to the shipping of this port. No ditches in the usual manner, after plough.
less than four bave been lost during that pe- ing them) and placing at the bottom of the
riod, and we are sorry to state that two of ditch a board, about one inch and a half in
them were regular traders, having valuable thickness on the lower edge, and two inches
cargoes on board, the property of the trades- and a half at the upper edge, in breadth
men of this and the neighbouring towns. eight or nine inches, and in length about
The following are the dames of the unfortu- four feet, with two joints; this board htig
nate vessels : _Emily, Thomas, from Bris- the ditch, the earth lo be rammed upon it,
tol, and the Flora, Palmer, from Liverpool, and the board drawn out by a hook or short
both bound to this port, with general car- chain affixed to it. This method has beta
goes; the Providence, Power, from hence practised with the utmost success at Old
to St. Michael's, in ballast; and the Effort, Sampford, by Mr. Harrison, and is now ex-
Baker, from the Ionian Islands to Grimsby, tensively so at Thaxted, particularly upon
with fruit. To this melancholy list we have an estate belonging to William Hills, exas
to add the loss of the ship Eliza, of this by Mr. John Harvey, his tenant.-Suffolk
port, Lych, master, in the Ġulph of St. Law Chronicle.)
rence, in November, and the Neptune, also Births) A New Year's Gift - Lately the wife
of this port, Wilson, on the island of New. of John Bridgeman, cooper, of Broomfield, was
foundland, at the same time,
delivered of three children, two hogs and pati,
Mildness of the Season.-Mrs, Kings-
who with the mother, are likely to do well. She
north, sen, of Appledore, gathered on
out three yoars since, who survived
but a short time--At Layton, the lady of K. B.
Christmas day a second crop of apples,
Inpes, esq. of a son-At New Grove, the lady o!
wbich were full grown; and what renders it
E. Goodhurst, esq.of sou.
more uncommon, the tree was in full bloom
Married.) At Wanstead, J. Browning, esq. to
when relieved of its former burthen..
& Jonei. At Chingford, the Rev. W. Baker,
Birthe "At Exeter, the lady of the Hon. 6. A.M. in Miss Harriet Lewis, daughter of the ress
Langdale, of a daughter-At Woodlands, ncar tor of that place; at the same place, Mr. Ambrose
Ernter, the lady of R. Pennington, sq. of a to Miss S. Stoneham.
daughter.
Dicd.) The lady of Capt. Johnson-At Hous
Married.] · At Littleham, C. Gifford, esq. to han Hall, Harlow, Mrs. Bishop, Se At Lilley


1819.) Gloucester-- Hants--Hereford--Herts-- Huntingdon--Kent, fc. 91
Park, Great Waltham, Eliza, second daughter of
HUNTINGDONSHIRE.
J. Clarke, esq.-At Woodhouse, Rebecca, relict of Married.) Ar Conington, Wm. Jackson, esg, to
Sir G. Wright-At Chelmsford. Mrs. S. Oakley- Miss Bruinlead, both of Duddington. '
At Colchester, Mr. R. Yates, sen. .
Died.). Wm. Margelis, esq. of St. Ives.
GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
KENT,
Births At Liston Cours, the lady of Fiennes No vessels are able to enter Dover harbour
Trounan, esq. of a daughter-At Charlton Kings, on account of the bar which has accumu-
near Cheltenham, the lady of Cap. F. W. Burlated so much that it is dangerous to attempt
goyce, R.N. of a sod-Al Colesbourne, the lady of it with the present heavy swell. A new
Y. Elwes, esq. of a daughter.
harbour has been formed for the last four
Married.) At Gloucester, J. Preston, esqof
months, immediately at the back of Payne's
Loughborough, to Elizabe:1, daughter of the late
Hotel. The Dart, Captain Bushel, lately
W, Cecil, esg.-A Cheltenham, S. Hughes, esq. to
Mrs. Cox-At Alveston, Lieut C. W. Hockley, to
came into this new harbour, and landed all
Miss Weaves--J, Wigram, esq. of Cambridge, to
the passengers on the beach ; there is three
Anne, dzughter of R. Arkwright, esq.-Ai Chel. feet water at low tide.--Canterbury Paper.
tenhata, F Lewis, esq. R N. 10 Miss Harriet Ney. The agricultural petition is stated to have
ler-A: Cromhall, M. Walker, «sq. to H. D. eldest been signed at Dover and Sandwich mark-
daughter of Lieut. Col. Lugley-At lligbnam
Court, R. Harvey, esq. to Miss J. Collins, of Intl
Court, Somerset.
An investigation again has taken place at
Died: Ai Wotton Underedge. Mrs. Adey, re. Calais, relating to the sudden loss of Mr.
lict of C. Adey, fsq.-- Al Burghill Lodge, W. Lin. W. Keys, of Dover, as strong presumption
gen, e:7.--Al Cheltenban, Mrs. Morris, wife of G.
Morris, esq. lieul. general of infantry At Glouces.
remains that he lost his life by some under-
ter, Mrs. Greenway, 60- At Dunsbourn, Mrs.
hand practices of which there is at present
Chapman, relict of the Rev. J. Chapınan-C. E. no directing clue: suspicion fell on one of
Killow, esq. of Codford.
the gendarmes, who had been heard to
threaten him. The holes in the harbour
HAMPSHIRE
Births.) Al Asir Park, the lady of the Rev.
have been dragged, and a particular well,
E. St. Jobp, of a daughter-Al Presbaw House,
where some suspicion had lighted on, and
the neighbouring canals, have undergone a
near Wiochester, Lady Mary Long, of a son.
Married. At Cotherington, S. B. Inglis, esq. search, but to no purpose; so that this dark
to S. Charlotte, widow of Major General Pringle.
busine
Died. At Portsea, in the 115th year of his age, Births.) At Bromley, the lady of E. Goodlart,
Thomas Bolwell, a native of that town. He was esq.of a son. The lady of J. Berens, jun. esg. of a
married to one wife PO vears, who died in her $00.-At Newington, near Sittingbuurse, the lady
101st year-At Lindstock the Rev. 1. Arnold. of H. Day; esy. of a daughter.
rector of that purish-Mrs. Alcott, wife of J. Al. Married.] At llorton Kirby, J. De Bie, e, of
coci, esą, storekeeper of PortsmouthAt Andover, the Minories, en Mary, second daughter of W.
E.. Pugh, esq. 83--At Fareham, Mantha, wife of Muggeridge, esq. at Town Mulling.–J. Parker,
W. Keesh. €89.-Al Alrestord, Licut. Col. C. esg. of Widermere, to Miss A. Parsons.At Can.
Duke-Acllereford, Mrs. J. Parsons, 83.
terbury, T. Cooinbc, esg. to Ann Maria, elder
daughter of M. H. Wagner, esq.- At Malling, J.
HEREFORDSHIRE. -
Kentish, esq. to Miss E. Parsons, and T. Park, esq.
At the late Herefordshire Agricultural to Miss Anne Montague Parsons -- At Rochester,
Dinner, the meeting was decidedly against the Rev. S. Hall, to the widow of Capt. Laws.
the intended agricultural petition to Parlia J. Laisne, esq. to Augusia, eldest daughter of P.
meat, for imposing high protecting duties Beger, esq. of Brompton. 1. Manning, esq. to
on “ corn, meat, flour, rye, oats, pease,
Miss E. Turner,
beans, barley, wool, flax, hemp, hides, tal-
Died ] S. Midgley, esq. late of Cookridge, near
low, seeds, butter, cheese, poultry, vegeta-
Leeds,–At Ramsgate, Dr. Strachey, archdeacon
of Suffolk.--At Pembury, H. Woodgate, esq. of
bles, apples, and pears," as injurious to the
Spring Grove -At St. Leonard's, West Malling,
consumers, and ultimately ruinous to the
F. H. Douce, esq.At Boxley House, J. Coker,
farmers and growers.
69.-At Horsmonden, Mrs. C. Narrtott, widow of
Büths.) Al Hereford, the lady of the Rey. H. Jate J. Marriott, LL.D.-At Bromley, Wm. Walms-
Gipps, of a daughter--At Hochlauds, the lady of ley, esq. 74.-At Eltham, Mrs. Henckell, relict of
W. R. Wills, e q. of a daughter.
T. H. esq. 92, At Deal, Mr. Hinckworth.-At
Dicd.} A! Whitchurch, the Rev, S. Phillips Rotherfield, Hannah Maynard, 100.--At St. Done
Mr. Lingen, co, son of the late W. Lingen, esq. of stan's, the lion, Thos. Roper, 73.- At Chatham,
Borghill Lodge--J. llarris, csq. of Brilley--At Miss M. Wolse.- At Farnham House, Margaret,
Ilereford, Mrs. K. Barry-- J. Gosle, jun, esq --- eldest daughter of R. Fox, esq. of Fox Hall.-AS
At Kidderminster, Mrs. Cooper, 81-A. Ivington, Rochester, the Rev. W. P. Menzies. --My E.
Mr. N. Whittle.
.. . jom
Bush, 90. .
• HERTFORDSHIRE.
LANCASHIRE.
Births.) Al Shepal Bury, the lady of S. Unwin'
- A new Sunday school, erected for the
Heathcote. Psn. of * son and heir.
Married At Cheshunt, S. Haghes, esq. to purpose, at an expense of 2 A001. capable of
Mrs. Cox, of Mayo.
accommodating 2,500 children, has been
* Dird.) At Rowley Lodge, near Barnet, the opened at Manchester.
Rev. W. Martin Trinders, LL. P. and M. D. 73- "Birth,] At Liverpool, the lady of V. Stuckey,
'At lert ord, J. Bush, eso At Sarrat, R. Day, esq. of a son.
jun, €99 49-A: Whilihutan, fers. Phillips, i8. i Married:! At Manchester, Mr. Wm. A. Gibbs,


92
Leicester-Lincoln-Norfolk- Northampton-- Nots, fc. Feb. 1,
of Loudon, to Miss E. W. Osbaldiston-At Eccles, son; same place, J. Ilolt, esq. late of the 4th Dr.
€. Hanniond, juo. esq. of Newmarket, to Ellen goon Guards, to Mrs. llallpenn-At West Il.d.
Wilson-Mr. Wm. Robinson), solicitor, of Lancas don, Mr. Woodcock, of Oxford, to Miss Loveit-
ter, to Alice, daughter of the late Mr. Benj. Huo. The Rev. J. Field, to Loaisa, daughter of the Rer.
ter, of Kendal-M. Walton, esq. of Liverpool, to J. Bousquet
Franccs, eldest daughter of Edw. E. Deacon, M.D. Dicd.) At Peterborough. T. Vann, esq.- t
-At Warrington, Robų. Ellison, esq. of Upton, Lo Creaton, Mrs. Brookesbank--At Northampton, T.
Elizabeth, only daughter of Johu Jackson, esq. of Dowbiggen, esq.
Brick Hall.
NORTHUMBERLAND.
Dicd.] At Gilead House, Liverpool, 38, Mrs. A fish, not before remembered by the
Solomon, wife of Dr. S.-At Stutford, in her 83d
fishermen in this part of the world, was
year, Margaret, relict of late Mr. N. Mashiter, of
lately caught at Newbegin, on this coast. In
Bolton-by-the sands – Mr. C. Brownlow, 40, of
the outline, it is something like the salmon,
Horwich-Aged 21, Sarah Hariman, of Stanley
House, near St. Helen's, in Liverpool-Vargaretta,
the length is 5 ft. 7 in.; girl 2 ft. 10 in. ;
wife of R, R. Lingwood, esq. of Dodgchill, Heaton weight 6 st. 12 lb.; the scales, which are
Norris-In her 70th year, Margaret, wife of James about the size of an 18-penny piece, are
Bateman, esq. of Islington House-Mary Harrison, beautifully glossed or reflected with green
108; she had lived in service in Mr. Mader's fa- and bronze, and sprinkled or powdered with
mily, at Bacup, upwards of 95 years.-Al Liver. brilliant cold and silver. A tolerable figure
pool, Lady Crewe.
of it is to be found in Gesner, A.D. 1606.
LEICESTERSHIRE.
He calls it Gobius marinus maximus fla-
Birth.) At Carleton Curlieu Hall, the lady of vescens et saxatilis ; and it was actualk
the Rev. II. Palmer.
caught among the rocks, in the lobster rets
Married.] At Kegworth, the Rev. J. Davron of the Newbegin fishermen. It was alive,
port, of Sutton Bonnington, Notts, to Elenora, but appeared very sick, and had a foreign
youngest daughter of the late T. W. Roberts, esq. hook in thea
of Thornby Grange, Northamptonshirer. T.
Births. 1 At Newcastle, the lady of Aubone
Backweld, of Lockington, to Miss Mary Hull, of Surtees een of soullie
Surtees, esq. of a so1--The laily of the Rer. C.
Kemington.
Barnes, of a sou--At Newby Wiske, the lady of the
Died į lo her 77th year, Mrs. Chapman, widow
Rev. D. Wastile of a daughter-At Colge!d, Mrs.
of Mr. Gco. C. of Upton-In his 81st ye ir, John
Lyson, of a daugiucr.
llowcate, esq. of Cotes Duval-At Peatling Ilall,
arricd1 At Fonteland, the Rev. W. Brigs ,
the lady of J. Clarke, esq. from the bursting of a
A.B. to Miss Ralue--At Walton, Wm. Robson,
Nood vessel-At Hinckley, Mr. Sam. Craven, 73.
esq. to Miss Calvert, of Sandysike, Cumberland
LINCOLNSHIRE.
At Mitford, James Renshaw, esq. to Miss Witiord
Married.1 At Spalding. Mr. F. Groom, late of At Newcastle. the Rer. Rob. Green, A.M. to
Muscott Mill, Northamptonshire, to Miss Willis, of Miss Robinson.
Bostou-At Thorpe, Mt. Francis Whiley, morci. Diddl At Weetwood, Jolin Orde, 659. 81--At
to Miss Webster, both of Wainfieet, All Saints- Waterloo, near Blyth, Mr. Biicgs, 46-te
At Horncastle, Lieut. Sheppard, R. N. lo Miss Bank Blouse. Miss Tate-At Newcastle, Mrs.
Anu Baldock --At Glcothxin, Dear Gainsboro' te Puthwaite, of llurtley Lodge, 03-At Newenstle,
Rer. W. Wilhinson, to Miss Robinson-Al Gains. Mrs. Airy, mother of Major general Airy,gt.
boro' T. Pinder, esq. to Miss E. Walters.
Died.) The Rev. T. H. Holgate, formerly of
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.
M ohester, and latterly of Grantham--At Boura, A pair of shoes, the upper leathers of
26, Mary Frances, wife of Mr. W. D. Ilaggard which were made of rat-skin, were exhibit-
Mr. Silvester Obbins, Boston, 79- Mr. Clayton, ed a few days ago at East Retford : the
farmer, Wirtnn Holme, near Boston-Mr. J'atrick leather is exceedingly smooth, and as soft as
Druramond: he was the oldest common councilman the finest kid, and vet appears slout and
for Lincoln, 88.
firm. It took six skins to make the pair of
MONMOUTHSHIRE.
shoes.
Married. At Nant-y Gluo, W. Willindis, esq. Birch.1 At Nottingham, the lady of Lieut. Col.
to Miss Ilarriet Thomas J. Preston, esg, to Miss
C. Crookshanks, of the 33d regiment, of a son.
Ceal, of Dullyn,
Married The Rev. W. Titin, of Malmspa and
Died. Mrs. Towell, relict of W. P. esq.- Lady llanton, to Miss Rolieston, daughter of the laie C.
F. T. Brigges.
Rolicston, cyg, of Warnall-At Newark ujen.
NORFOLK.
Trent, T. Blaid, c. M. D Miss Tomlinson:
Birth.] At Cromer, the lady of B. Wilson, esq. Died.] At Deepios, Mis. M. Pocklington
of a daughter.
daughter of the late J. Ilenshaw. psq.of Cawthorpe
Married. At Foulden, J. Carter, esq. to the Hall-Mr. John Wood, 96--Vis Thomson, H.Al
daughter of W.6. D. Tyssen,esq.-At Lyon, Lieut. Newark, iu one fainily nained Haywoou, two bro.
Garland, R. N. to Miss Raven.
thiers and one sister, their ares 18, 15. and 10, in
Died 1 At Yarmouth, Apne, the lady of J. D.
one week---John Rose, well known in Notting learn
Pulmer, €84.; same place, Mr. J. Hunt, 80; Mrs. as a singer and player on the violin.
M. Jackson, 74; Capt. G. Holland, 65-Mr. II.
OXFORDSHIRE.
Roberts, alderman of Thetford-At St. Edmund's,
Mary, the wife of Mr. Edwad Starling.
Births.] At Wykhain Park, the lady of D. Stuart,
esq. of a daughter-At Stourfield House, the lady
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.
of G. Harding, esq. of a daughter.
Births. At Normanton Hall, the lady of Sir
Married. Charles Ross, esn. to Miss S. Thoni-
W. W. Dixie, of a daughter. --At Moor Hall, the
Judy of T. B. Huckett, esg, of a son and heir.
ton-At Cooklani, T. Prior, esq. to Miss Eliza
Skinner.
Married. At llarrington, Mr. Barton to Mrs.
Died.] Alex. Croke, esq. of Oriel College, ()X-
Fos-Ai Northampton, Mr. W. Burn, to Miss Wit.


1819.]
93
Rutland-Salop-Somersel-Stafford-Suffolk
Surrey.
ford, ?!--At Jesus College, Oxford, J. P. Joans, thrash from fifteen to twenty coombs of
esq.-At Souning, Mrs. Rachael Berris, 99. wheat per day.- County Herald.
RUTLANDSHIRE.
Married.) At lavenlian, Mr. Ribbads to Miss
Births.) At Carlton Curliew If all, the lady of
Fast At Lothertoa, W. Woods, esq. to Lorise,
the Rev. H, Palmer, of a daughter-Al Belvoir
youngest daughter of R. Knights, esq-At Lowes-
Castle, her Grace the Duchess of Rutland, of a sop,
toft, C. Crowe, esq. 1o Miss E. Phillips, af Bristol
Married.) Mr. Tippin, of Gunby, near Coltster.
- Ensign Smith, of the 31st, lo Miss Emily kuigiit
worth, 10 Mrs. Pears, of Baisnack --At South
--Jr. Woolgate to Miss A. Green,
Died At Long Milford, J. Richardson, esq.
Witham, Mr. J. Smith, to Miss S. llotching.
Died) Mrs. Amelia Lank, of South Lufieubam--
69-At Brome, the Rev. F. Colman Negus, 4%
T. B. Grautham, esq. of Stamford, 58--Mrs. Aun
years reetor of that place, 75--- At Ipswich, Nirs.
Faolks, of Langham, 62.
Innter, relict of 6. llunter, esq. 71-At llauglia
ley, c. Godfrey, esq.- Al Bury St. Edurumds. Mis.
SHROPSHIRE.
Matliews, 86 - Al Bure's Parsonage, Mrs. Gond.
Narried.] At Shrewsbury, Mr. J. Prosser, to
wife of the Rev J. Good-Atlladleigis, dirs, Coi-
Miss Maria Bromley--At Edgmond Rectory, U. J.
beit, 74-A! Woodbridge, J. Coppitiwai'e, 4-.
Close, esq. 5th dragoon guards, to Sarah, third
- At Amersham, Miss Scott,
S t Leicester,
daughter of II. Bevan, esq.-At Albrighton, A.
Lieut. J. G. Iloitin, R. M. 3.At Woodward. W.
Manson, esq. to Miss Beylis.
Madd, esq. SUIcroU-At Bungay, Mrs. Ileytge,
• Died. At Terrick-hall, Emma, second daughter
relirt of the lev. G. lleyboe, of liardingliam
of J. Barnes Watson, esq.-At Shrewsbury, Mrs.
llall.
Lyou, widow of the late J. Lyon, esq. -At Ted9-
SURREY. "
mere-ball, H. B. Owen, esq. 67-At Shrewsbury,
F. Lloyd, esq.--At Sherrington hall, Viscount Kilo
At no place in the whole kingdom are the
morey-Al llope Bowdler, w. c. llart, esq ---At good effects of bettering the morals and con-
Stensbury. Ms. More on Coton-At the same dition of the poor, more visible than at king.
place, Mrs. Saxton-The infant daughter of the ston-upon-Thames, in this county ; which,
Rev. Reginald Heber--At Edgebolton, Mrs. Vaugh from its being a town of considerable trade,
ar, after 40 years illness, 81-At llales Oven, Mr. abounds with a very large proportion
J. Crutchly.
of the labouring classes. A Society for
SOMERSETSIIRE.
SONERSE
this purpose has been lately formed there,
Births.) At Langsort, the lady of V.Stuckey, esq. consisting of the most respectable inhabi-
for at sou—At Bath, the lady of Sir A. Wilson, of it tants of the place, and licaded by Charles
son and beir--At the same place, the lady of
Nicholas Pallmer, esq. a gentleman of large
Charles Eyston, fsq. of a daughter-At Longiord,
the lady of w. G. Douglas. of a son--dt Koducy
property, and of the most humane and bene-
Stoke, the lady of G. B, Northcote, esg.
volent disposition, who sacrifices a great
Married.) At Both, II. B. Hunt, ps. to Lv. portion of his time, as well as fortune, in
die, daughter of Dr. Merry... At Wells, Peter forming establishments for promoting the
Laxna, esq. of Wells, to Mrs. Bridges, Chilcomp. welfare of his poerer neighbours, and excit-
Inn-At Bath, George Barclay, esq. to Matilda, ing them to honest and industrious pursuits :
only daughter of A. Aufrere, esq. of loverton hall, indeed, so unwearied and indefatigable have
Xorfolk-At Bath, Sir John Palmer Ackland, bart. hoon his
been his exertions, that he is universally
to Maria, third daughter of Robert Knipe, (sq. of looked up to aod hailed as the the father of
New Lodge, Herts.
Diod.) At Bath, R. Mitford, fsq. late of the
the loun; and he is most ably seconded in
his laborious undertakings by the Rer. Ilm.
Audit Office--At Clewstuke, the Rev. J. B. But-
fer-At Bridgewater, Mary, widow of Charles An Gandy, the worthy and truly pious vicar of
drr:on, esq.--A: Bith, Elizabeth, widow of D. this ancient place. Amongst other institu-
Burridge. csq.--At Dath, Mis Gordon, relic: of Sir tions set alloat by Mr. Pallmer, and going
W. Gordon, bart.
on in a complete state of prosperity, are a
STAFFORDSHIRE.
Sarings Bank, a National School on a
Died.] Frederick, youngest son of the late very extended scale, a Public Dispensary,
Henry Vernon, esq. of Hilton Park --Marv, oldest and a System of Public Rewards for the
daughter of W. U.C. Floyer, esq. of Hints-At most deserving characters in the parish. It
Wolverhampton, Miss Tunnington; at the same is much to be wished that every town
flice, Sarah, only daughter of J. Liizely, esquat
throughout the country was equally fortu-
Cagoock, the Rev. J. Butler Barber, 71--At Chea-
dile, J. Blags, esq.
nate in enjoying the benevolent and pater-
SUPFOLK.
nal assistance of such a character, who las
Lowestoft, Jan. 1.-For this last day or
not only the means, but likewise the will,
of conferring so many blessings on his fel-
two past, Mr. Repnie, engineer, and several
low-creatures.
other gentlemen from Norwich, have been
Births. At Streatham, the lacly of J. Mover,
inspecting our coast, with a view to the cut-
esq. of a daughter-The lady of J. Thornton, sg.
ting a harbour. They appear highly satis- of a daughter-At Clapham, the lady of Wm. Bol
fied with the situation, &c.
land, esq. of a daughter.
A thrashing machine, upon a simple and Married.) Major Robertson, to Miss Chapman,
useful construction, was exhibited at last of Croydon-At Cheam, the Rev. G. Millest, V.A.
Bury fair; the whole complete can be drawn to Miss Agnew-At Mortlake, Lewis Dales, esg. 10
by a single horse to any distance, and not Miss Aytog-At Newington Butts, W. Turner,
keavier than a common iunibre): it is made esq. I Miss Speuce-At Nichinond, T. Mudige,
w work by four levers, similar to a num esq. to Miss Anna Robson.
Died.Elizabeth, wife of Mr. Fardell Fryer, of
sweep, and those worked by men, who can
Lubeth--A: Epson, the wite of John Richardsou,


94
Susser--Warwick-Westmoreland-Wilts-York---Wales. [Feb. 1.
SCOTLAND.
ese.of Buy St. James--At Clapham, Cabriel Cop-
land, esq.-At Richmond, Mrs Bean, relict of the
lsie S. Bean, esq.
SUSSEX.
forried.] At Wellingly, James Merricks, esq.
to Mis. Hull-At Brighton, J. Lockwood, esq. to
Eden, daughter of J. Thackrah, esq.
Dicd] Lewis Barton Buckle, esq. of Rogate
Lodge-At Brighton, Frances, daugater of the
Rev. Dr. Ilaggit, 19-At Chichester, J. E. Boyce,
es.
WARWICKSHIRE.
Births.) At Moor Hail, the lady of F. Benyon
Hackert, esq. of a son.
Marrúd.j At Bintaingham, Mr. T. Mountford
to Miss S. Wale.
Died] At Birmingham, Mr. B. Palmer, 100-
At Alveston, Lieut S. Nason, 60th regimeut-
Al Stretton, Mr. G. W. Salmon. 51–At Leaming.
ton, Anda, daughter of W. W. Dovelou, esq. of St.
Helena.
WESTMORELAND.
Married.) At Appleby, N. Dent, esg. to Miss
Shaw, eldest deughter of the Rev. II. Shaw, LL.B.
--At the same place, Mr. Stevenson, surgeon, 10
Miss Briggs,
Dicd.) In his 80th year, Mr. T. Leighton, one
of the society of Friends-At Shap, the Rev. II.
Hulnie, vicar of that place.
WILTSHIRE.
Birth.] At Longleat, Lady E. Campbell of a
daughter.
Varricd.) At Lacock, Edw. Jennings, esq. of
Bath, to Mary Jane, eldest daughter of Lieut..
Col. H. Tufnell-At Bradford, Mr. T. Spackinan,
to Aune, youngest daughter of R. Tolly, esq.--
At Salisbury, J. Woolfryes, esq. to Miss C. Nor
mansell --Al Teffont Esras, Peter Layng, esq. to
Miss E. Kemp-At Daunton, Mr. R. Pracher to
Miss J. Humby.
Died.] At Chippenham, Mrs. Gaby, wife of R.
Gaby, esq.-Al Salisbury, the Rev. J. Hughes, 24.
At Wotton, Mrs. Aday, 83-Near Salisbury, Miss
Mary Anne Bennett, 20--At Walsford, G. T. Beu-
son, esq.
YORKSHIRE.
Births. At Harrowgate, the lady of Wm. Shep
herd, esq. of a son-At Woodianus, near Harrow.
gate, the lady of Capt. Kenyon, of a son and heir
At llull. the lady of J. Barkworth, esq. of son.
At Hull, tive lady of J. C. Farker, esq. of a
&
daughter.
Murried.) J.S. Bower, M. D. of Doncaster, to
Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Thos. Crires, esq. of
Askham, Dear York--Mr. W. Suley, of Hull, to
Miss Staley, of Buriey, Oxfordshire-Allull, Mr.
R. Bean, to Mary, second daughter of Capt. Fos
ter, of that place.
Died.] At Doucaster, Thomasina, wife of
James Fenton. esq. of LoversallAt llull, Mrs.
Mary Goe, 8.3-R. Dunbill, esq. of Pontefrace-
*
Mrs. Aune Kidd, of Uull. 95-Wm. Walker, esq. of
Huddersfield. 77-Mr. Hargrove, the well know
historian of Knaresboio, Harrogate, and the sur
rounding country.
WALES.
Births. 1 At Conway, the lady of C. Alderson of
feniale twins-At Llanasa, the lady of the Rev. II.
Parry, of a son-Al Ruthin, the lady of the Rev.
R. Newcome, of a son.
Married 1 At llawarden, the Rev. R. W. Ey.
roa; vicar of Llangollen, to Charlotte, third daugh
w of the late T. Griffih, of Rhua), e q.
blair was, on the 3d último, entirely destroy-
ed by fire, owing, as it is supposed, to a
spark from the kitchen chimpey baving
fallen into the interstices of the roof, whick
the long period of dry weather preceding
the catastrophe had rendered more than
commonly liable to ignition. We are hap;
py, however, in being epabled to state thai
no serious consequences, beyond the loss of
some valuable furniture, ensued. The two
Sons of Major G. youths of 15 and 16, dis-
played, we are informed, a degree of intre.
pidity deserving the highest commendation ;
and even the ladies of the family, with that
presence of mind which the occasion de
manded, resorted with the utmost celerity
and fearlessness, to various expedients to
effect the extinction of the tlames. A large
tarpaulin was by them soaked in a neigh-
bouring ditch, which the young gentlemen,
with the assistance of an old man who was
accidentally passing, endeavoured to draw
over the roof, but without success. Many
articles of consequence were nevertheless
preserved through the exertions of these
daring boys. No personal injury was sus-
taiped.
Perth, Dec. 31.--This morning, between
five and six o'clock, a very alarming fire
broke out in the east wing of Methven Castle,
and for some time threatened destruction to
this extensive building. On the first alarm
a great crowd of people assembled, and
the family servants, aided by their exertions,
succeeded in extinguishing the fire before
the arrival of the engine from Ruthven
Printfield, which was sent on the first no-
tice. We learn with regret that the dining
and drawing-rooms, together with part of
the library, have been destroyed; the books,
however, were all removed before the fire
had communicated to the ceiling of tire
room. It has not been ascertained from
what cause the fire originated.
Birt
Births.] At Woodslic, the lady of G. Scott El-
Jiot, esq. of a son and heir-At Linoy:love, near
Iladdington, Lady Blantyre of a s01--At Moor
laddington
Park, Mrs. R. C. Oswald of a daughter-InEJiu.
burch, the lady of Capt. Menzies, of a son-The
lady of S. Boswell, esq. of a daughtes-At Minto,
Lady Minto of a son.
Married.) At Glasgow, J. Blackwood, es to
Jane, daugliter of M. Mc. Farlane, esq.--Mr. G.
Elliott, to Miss Jean, daughter of Wm. Bel), esg.
-At Kelso, Alexr. Mardowall, esq. to Margarri.
daughter of E. Gillespie, esq.--Al Montrose, J.
Leighton, esq. to Miss Alisoit.
Died.
Died.) At Kilmarnock, Mrs. Bruce, who ber .
long indisposition willa cheerful and christian pa-
lience. She was tapped 42 times, and 500 SCOLS
pints of water drawn off, a quantity almost increat
ible in the short spare of £5 months, amounting ta
weight to 2000lbs.--At Ormiston, Ann, daughter of
Captain Johnson, Barrack Master of the Dumfries.
shire militia - At Edinburgh, the Hon. Henrietta
Napier, second daughter of the late Lord Naplex,
RO-Mrs. Dove, wife of J. Dove esq, 98-Mary the
wife of Dr. Brunton, authoress of Self Controut,
Discipline, and other popular Novels Mrs. Dus.
14.


IS 19.]
93
Scotlırd-Irclund.
-
can, sister of the late Admiral Loid Duncan, 80 party of the 92d regiment had proceeded
Nr. Sinclair, father of the celebrated singer--Lady from Ballina to inter their lamented com-
Hay. widow of Sir A. llay--Mrs. Jane Darir, rades with military honours. The unfortu-
duugbter of J. Davie', esq.-Miss Graliam, of Ore nate deluge has also destroyed several head
billa Dr. W. Biowa, F.R.C.S.- Al Glasgow, the
Rev.). Turnbull,76 Miss Elizu Buchanan, luuzla:
of cattle, as well as great quantities of hay,
tor of the late 6, Buchanan, esq.-Al Poliis at
straw, oats, &c.
Park, Mrs. Speirs, relict of Alexander Speurs, esa.
Lately on Mr. Basil Marriott's farm at
-A: Castlewigg. J. flathorn, esq. - At Ormis. Freshford, was turned up by the plough, a
toun, Miss A. P. Johnstonie, Jaugliter of J. Joha. gold coin of Edward III. called a rose-noble,
stone, esq.-A. Mosselburgh, Helen, daughter of and then value 6s. ed. It is in tolerably
H. Jardine, r99.-- At Leren Lodge, P. Ibadaway, good preservation, and presents on the one
ASQ.-At Perth, D. Treggs, sclimoimaster of Tipper. side, tbe king standing in a ship crowned,
muin for ou years Fiteshire, J Dogg, seur.... holding a sword upright in his right hand.
The Hon. G. Duff, of Milton, third son of the Earl and a hield on his left. with the arms of
of Fife.
France seme-de-lis, three lions passant, and
IRELAND
three Fleur-de-lis upon the side of the ship,
Fire in Dublin Castle. On the 19th ult.
Edvar. Dei gra. Rer, Angl. Z. Frane.
+ at two o'clock, the inhabitants of the Castle
vaste Drs. H. On the reverse appear, in a large
were alarmed by a cry of “ Fire !" when it
rose, a Cross Fleuri, with a Fleur-de-lis at
was discovered that in the drawing-rooms of
each point, and a lian passant under a
the south-east wing of the grand front, now
crown in each quarter, the letter E in a rose
nearly finished, it had commenced its ra-
de in the centre. Domine, in furore tuo ar-
vages, and threatened the destruction of the
guas me."
patire new building. The fire was occasion-
ed by the airing of the rooms before the
Births.] At Dublin, Lady Burgh of a daughter
hearth stones and grates were set. There
--the Lady of the Rev. R. Macdonnell, F. T.CD.
of a sou- In Rutland-squrre, the Indy of B. Riley.
was a large quantity of coals and turf, for
that purpose, in the centre of each room, to
esq. of a daughter--At Killarney, the lady of J. O'
Connor, esq. of a daugbter-At Gurteen, the lady
which had the fire communicated, it would
of C. Power, e q. of a daughter--At Cork, the lady
have been scarcely possible to have saved of P. Flanpaghan, esq. R. N. of a son-The lady
the whole. It was extinguished before it had of Captain Farrel, of a daughter.
attained much strength, and no damage of Married.) At Dublin, T. Butler, esq. to Miss
any consequence was done. ,
Lucy Richards W. Smith esq. to Lucinda, second
Castlebar, Dec. 7.-We have not at any daughter of Sir W. Stamer-U. Jervis, esq. to Miss
time had to relate an occurrence in this
Marian Campbell-J. Frapkleo, esq. of College
county, productive of such extensive misery,
Green, to Mrs. Mills, relict of the late Rev. R.
Mills.--A. Mansfield, esq. to Catherine, elde-t
or so distressing and awful in all its particu-
daughter of J. Delaney, esq.-At Caerigrabam, G.
lars, as one which took place in the night of
Chapnian, esq. to Miss Isabella Dennis--The Rev.
Monday the 30th ult, about 14 miles from
R. Ward to Miss Marsh,
Crossmolina, in the mountains of Erris, Died.) At Strokestown llouse, county of Rce.
where 17 souls were hurried into eternity.
common, aged 81, the Right Honourable Maurice
The house of a comfortable and hospitable Baron Hartland. His lordship was married in 1763
tarmer, named O'Hara, in that remote quar to the Hon. Catherine Moore, daughter of Stephen
der which was seated on the side of a valley, Lord Mount-Cashel, and is survived by her Lady-
and was overhung, at about two miles dis ship, by whoin he has left issue, the Hon. Majur.
tance, by four, lakes, which communicated
General Thomas Mahon, now Lord Hartland, Lieut,
Colonel of the oth Dragoons; the Hon. Mitjor-Gen.
with each other, was completely swept away
Stephen Mahon, Lieut. Colonel of the 7th dragoon
by an immense body of water, which burst
guards; and the Hon. and Rev. Murice Malon.
torth from those lakes, leaving a frightful
one of the Prehendaries of St. Patrick's Cathedral,
gap in their former boundary, and in its in At Dunganuon Park, Lord Viscount Northland,
petuous course levelling and carrying away 90-At Dublin, Capt. H. Harrison, 46—Sir H.
every thing that interposed. O'Hara, his May, bart., of Mayfield, Waterford -The Ilonble
wife, and children (except one that happen Montague Mathew, M. P. for Tipperary-At Bal.
ed to have been absent), some travellers who
lingderry, County of Galway, W. Donaldson, esg.
were passing to and from Erris, and three
81-At Mallingur, II. Shea, esq. 20-Al Lubeck.
county of Wicklow, Mrs. E. Wilson, relict of the
soldiers of the 92d Highlanders, composed
late W. Wilson, esg, -At Limerick. Mrs. O'Grady.
the unhappy party that perished by this
widow of the late D. C. O'Grally--At Aran Lodge,
dreadful eruption. When the last accounts
Roscommon, D. ('Collaglian, esq 87-At Porio.
- were received from this scene of suffering, bello, Elizabeth, wife of the Rev. D. S. Dirby-At
the bodies of nine of the inhabitants, and one Nenugh, Mrs. Abbott, 9+, relict of J. Abbott, esq.
of the soldiers, had been discovered, and a she had had 28 childien.
...TUE last month has afforded nothing remarkable in the dramatic line. Considering the stage as an
organ that possesses an important influence on the taste of the capital, and the morals and munners of
Inc Nation, we shall for the future more particularly consider this subject in its geveral spirit, thao in
Es mere "tein porary details; which, in a monthly publication,'"inust frequently prove tedious to many
of our readers. Want of room obliges us to a defer a very copious memoir of Dr. Wolcot, (hetter
known as Peter Pindar,) which will be given in our next.


TO READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.
PRIZE ESSAY.
AS a proof that no expense is spared in our endeavours to perpetuate the respectability
and importance of our pages, by presenting to the Public communications of the very first
order, we beg to announce our intention of giving this year a Premium of
• ONE HUNDRED GUINEAS,
which will be paid by Mr. COLBURN, for the best ESSAY,
“ ON ENGLISH LITERATURE DURING THE 1812 AND 19th CEVTURIES."
We propose that the Work shall be written on a plan somewhat similar to that of the
Tableau de la Litterature Française pendant le Dix-Huitième Siècle ;" and that the
Candidates should deliver their Essays on or before the. 31st of November next. The
PRIZE to be adjudged by a Council, the constitution of which, with other particulars, will
be nade known in our next Number. In the mean time, we pledge ourselves it shall be
so formed as to insure the strictest and most satisfactory impartiality.
AMONG a variety of interesting Papers, which will be inserted as soon as the press of
temporary matter will permit, we may enumerate the following :-On the Genius and Con-
duce o Roosscau, withi Remarks on the Appreciation of his Merits, in No. 59 of the Edin.
huroh kericor-An Original Critique on Grainger's Sugar-Cape, by Dr. Samuel Johnson
(wilde We,or an Editor's Pilgrimage; a Seric-comic Romaunt, in two Cantos-Thoughts
on Planetary Motion--Memoirs of the late Gale Faux, Stenographer and Patriot, by his
Friend, Agathomsonides Mumps, Esy.- Plan for an Organized Supply of the Metropolis
with Provisions, by Water Carriage---Imitations of the most celebrated Poets of the Day,
hy the Author of the Verses " 10 Octavia ;" No. 1. Byron; No. 2. Moore; No. 3, Scott-
Thoughts on the Liberty of the Press--Notices of the Hungarian Gypsies, Nos. 1, 2, and
3-Sabina, from the German of Bottiger-On Song Writing, Nos. 1 and 2; with Obser-
vations on Moore's Irish Melodies— Nugæ Literariæ, Nos. 5, 6, and 7—Some Account of
the Goblet which the University of Wittenburg presented to Martin Luther on his Mar-
riage (with an Engraving)-('ulloden Anecdotes, continued-A Cockney Pastoral, cum
Notis variorum-On the Conduct of Ilistorians-On Inscriptive Writing, with curious
Specimens; No. 1. Epitaphial Inscriptions; No. 2. Mural Inscriptions-On the Life and
Writings of the late Mrs. llenry Tighe-A Description of Eaton House, the seat of Lord
Grostenor, with an Engraving-On the Art of ascertaining the Dispositions of Men by
their Hand-writing (with Fac-Similes of the Autographs of several of the most distin-
guished literary Characters of the Day-On the Alliteration of Lord Byron and Dry-
den--Cambrian Notices, Nos. 4 5. and 6—I listrionic Criticism, No. 1--Observations on
Plymonth Breakwater, by M. Dupin-Description of Trioidad and the Mouths of the
Orinocko- Notices of the Lives and Writings of the early English Poets; No. 1. Drum-
mond of llawthornden ; No. 2. Drayton ; No.3. Lovelace; No.4. Carew.
On correspondent, W. J of Mylor, is requested to accept our best thanks for his valuable communi.
cation. As the principal object we have in view is the promotion of free inquiry, and the dissemination
of useful iptırmation on all subjects connected cither with the sciences or the arts, we never intend
shutting our paves against able and candid investigations of particular and long established systems. bow.
ever wise and emineut may have been their original projectors; since, from the fallibility of human know.
ledge, an ample teid of argument is always open to the daring aud iugenious disputant. The “ New
Iheory of Tides,' we shall expect with cousiderable impatience.
There is, doubtless, much truth in the renarks of H. O., although he appears, in some respects, to have
Caken ratlier an exaggerated view of bis subject. We cannot insert his present letter, but sball be happy
to nens from him again on a question of less limited interest.
We tank J. R.-X. A. X and a Correspondent at Gloucester, for their friendly suggestions,
which, thongh we may be prevented froin attending to implicitly, shall not be entirely lost siglit of.
diglicanus will perceive that we have, in part, availed ourselves of his information : his request
shull certainly be complied with.
We will endeavour to find a corner in our next for the ingenious litile Essay of W. K.
" Niglie, a descriptive Poem,” is under consideration),
M.'s verses are not sufficiently correct for our pages. The Legend of J. P. T. Y. is in a similar predi.
cament. We cannot oblige our Pnetical Correspondents at the expense of our own credit.
Our sprightly fiend at Woburn has done well; but as we feel assured he can do better, we shall
await the results.
M. Doncaster's note shall be attended to. Mr. Price's communication may perhaps appear in an early
sumber.
Advertisement puffs, however ingeniously worded, cap be inserted in no part of the New Monthly
Magazine, excepting it be the wrapper, and then they must be paid for accordingly. This observation
will particularly andy to several letters now before us.
J. G.Net, Praie!, Crown Coun, Flut Succi, London.


THE
NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
No. 62.)
MARCH I, 1819.
(VOL. XI.
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS.
ACCOUNT OF THE BREAKWATER AT glory of Americus and Columbus ;
PLYMOUTH. BY M. CHARLES DU- who, during the war with Spain in the
PIN
reign of Queen Elizabeth, sailed from
THE Roads and the port of Plymouth Plymouth to defeat the Grand Armada,
are, perhaps, the spots where nature as Themistocles quitted Athens to cap-
has done the most for a naval establish- . ture the fleet of the great king;-and
ment, and they are, besides, situated at who, when war was at an end, became
the point most important to the se- . the father of those whom his genius
curity of Great Britain. Industry, had led on to victory, by converting,
power, and opulence have combined under an ingenious arrangement, the
their efforts to add to the local advan- scanty but regular savings of brave war-
tages all the improvements of which riors into means of cheering the old
they were susceptible. On the confines age of the veteran disabled by the scythe
of Devonshire and Cornwall, along a of war, and of shielding front want
very uneven part of the coast, and the widow and orphan of the sai.
within the extent of only three miles, lor who had perished for his country.
are situated three rich and populous --But in addition to these titles, which
towns : nainely - Plymouth, Stone- must ever render the pame of Drake
House, and Plymouth Dock. Two venerable to the English people, and
rivers, the Plym and the Tamer, which dear to all friends of humanity, it pos-
enlarge at some distance above their sesses a still more direct claim to the
outlets, form two vast hasons, the Cat- gratitude of the inhabitants of the
water and the Hamoaze; they mingle banks of the Plum and the Tamar.
their waters in front of the three towns Between the Dartmoor Hills and
abore mentioned, in another bason, Plymouth, that is to say, along an ex-
larger than either the Catwater or the tent of upwards of twenty miles, there
Hamoaze: this is Plymouth Roads, is an aqueduct, which was constructed
usually called the Sound..
under the direction of Drake, and the
T'he commercial establishments and expenses of which he himself defrayed ;
the town of Plymouth are situated on he afterwards presented this admirable
the right bank of the Plym, close to the monument of public utility to the
Catwater. The naval and ordnance corporation of Plymouth. Drake
establishments, together with the town Island separates the entrance of
of Plymouth Dock, lie, on the contrary, the Hamoaze into two divisions; on
on the left bank of the Tamer, beside the north side its guns cross the fire of
the Hamoaze. The two towns are in- those of the citadel, as has already been
sensibly united by the enlargement of, a observed. On the west, they cross the
third, called Stone-House, which extends fire of the batteries of Mount Edge-
along an intermediate valley : these cumbe.
three towns contain altogether up- Mount Edgecumbe stands on an ex-
wards of sixty thousand inhabitants. tensive basc : it rises and projects like
Plymouth and Stone-House are not a promontory, forming the western
surrounded by fortifications; they are boundary of Plymouth Roads. Its sides
defended on the sea-coast by a citadel arc majestically shaded by some beautiful
erected on a promontory. The guns old plantations, and its summit com-
of this citadel cross those of an island, mands one of the finest prospects Eng-
which nature seems to have placed at land presents. On the east, the spectă.
the entrance of the Hamoaze, to ren- tor beholds, as if beneath his feet, the
der still more secure the anchorage road and the vessels lying at anchor.
of vessels in that immense inward The long narrow line, formed by the
port:- this is called Drake Island. It town of Stone-House, is distinctly
is pleasing to observe that national marked; in front rise the citadel and
gratitude bas given to this island the insulated barracks of the Royal Ma-
name of the illustrious Drake, who, in rines; and in the rear the magnificent
time of peace departed to discover naval and ordnance hospitals. Further
unknown regions, and to share the to the left, the Hamoaze sends off mu-
New MONTHLY MAG.--No. 62. • Vol. XI.


98
M. Dupin's Account of the Breakwater at Plymouth. [March 1,
merous and deep ramifications from both Having made the reader in some de-
its banks, as the trunk of a vigorous gree acquainted with the admirable to-
tree shoots forth its branches in all pography of the environs of Plymouth
directions. Along an extent of upwards Roads, we may proceed to describe the
of four miles, its principal course is filled great work which was wanting to render
by vessels, frigates, and smaller ships of the Sound one of the securest harbours
war; some entirely dismantled, others for the shelter and rendez-vous of a
rigged, fully equipped, and ready to join fleet.
any sudden expedition at a moment's Plymouth Roads, which are both wide
warning. Finally, to crown this inag- and deep, are surrounded on the east,
nificent picture, the plains, hills, and north, and west, by hills and high moun-
high mountains of Devonshire and Corn- tains; and are thus sheltered against the
wall, form, on the east, north, and west, wind from south-east to north, and from
an immense amphitheatre of fields, mea- north to south-west. Of the four
dows, heaths, forests, and rocks. The quarters of the compass, Plymouth
two extremities of this amphitheatre ex. Roads are only exposed to the wind on
tend gradually to the ocean, the im- one. But as the latter faces an open
mense surface of which presents no rest- sea, which is not broken by any island,
ing point to the eye, except Eddystone the waves rush into the Sound with as
light-house.
much fury as they would dash against an
This remarkable monument is erected upprotected coast. The extent to which
on the narrow base of a detached rock, they are engulphed, far from diminishing
which is twelve miles out at sea, and their force, augments both their magni-
which rises to an immense height. tude and their power, from the same
Nevertheless, when the sea is agitated, cause which renders tides stronger in
the light-house frequently disappears, straits and narrow bays, than in open
and is entirely enveloped amidst the thick seas, where there is no object to impede
"Vapour of the waves which break against their motion.
its base, and ascend along the inclined sur- To render perfectly secure the an-
face of the structure. About a century chorage of vessels in Plymouth Roads,
ago, an old light-house stood on the the English have followed the example
same spot, but it was swept away during which we set hefore them in constructing
the night by a tempest. At day-break the jetée of Cherbourg.* But they
nothing was visible but the rock on -
which the beacon stood. The cele- He lived 12 days : after his death a piece of
brated Smeaton was then employed to lead, weighing 7oz. 5drs. 18grs. was found
build a new light-house. He was sup- lodged at the bottom of his stomach! This
plied with stone, iron, and work-men: was then thought so incredible, that fused
he surpassed himself, and erected a mo-
lead was afterwards poured down the throats
nument which promises to resist the
of domestic fowls, to ascertain how long
they might survive it. See the Philosophi-
fury of the sea for centuries to come.*
cal Transactions, vol. xlix. for the year 1755.
The third light-house on the Eddystone,
• The first light-house on the Eddystone which is the one now standing, was begun
rock was erected by Mr. Henry Winstanley, by the celebrated Smeaton in April, 1757.
and finished in 1696. He was so confident and finished in August, 1759. This great
of the stability of his structure, as to wish work exhibits a remarkable union of taste
to be in it when it stood the test of a vio and science : and the history of its progress
lent storm. He, ultimately, was indulged written by Smeaton himself, furnishes re-
by the gratification of his wishes, but not markable proofs of that fecundity of expe-
with a propitious result. On November dients with which a man of genius over-
26th, 1703, the light-house was blown down comes obstacles insurmountable by all other
during a violent storm, Winstanley himself men.-Ep.
being amongst those who perished in the The British coasts exhibit some fine
catastrophe.
examples of natural Breakwaters. One of
The second light-house, which was con the most interesting of these is the beautiful
structed of wood, was built in 1709 by John little island of Inch Keith, which tends so
Rudyerd, and was burnt down on December pleasingly to enrich the noble picturesque
3d, 1755. The sad accident is rendered effect of the approach to Edinburgh by sea.
memorable by a remarkable circumstance. This island, by its happy position,' enables
Henry Hall, one of the light house keepers, vessels to ride quietly at anchor in Leith
an old man of 94 years of age, looking up- Roads, during winds which would otherwise
ward from within, to observe the progress considerably endanger their safety. And,
of the fire, received into his mouth a quan- to mention only one more example of this
tity of melted lead from the lantern above. kind, the small island of Balta, in the north


1819.] M. Dupin's Account of the Breakwater at Plymouth. 99
were not, like us, obliged to employ stone was capable of opposing the fury of
vast sums in experiments. They saved the sea, and resisting its inost powerful
the money which we had expended, to efforts. At thedistance of two miles from
ascertain how far a simple dyke of sunk the bottom of the Bay, a right line was
drawn from east to west;* this line
of Shetland, by standing athwart the en-'
the en was prolonged by two other right lines,
trance of Balta Sound in the island of Unst, inchning inwardly, and forming with the
renders that sound (often resorted to by our principal base, an angle of one hundred
Greenland and Archangel vessels) one of and thirty-nine degrees. Such is the
the most safe as well as commodious har plan according to which the outline of
bours in the British dominions.
the structure has been formed. The
Among artificial breakwaters, M. Dupin total length of this line is four
would, we think, have classed Ramsgate thousand two hundred feet. On the
pier and harbour, had he visited that extra-
completion of the work, there will be
ordinary work. The harbour is completely
two entrances to the roads, one on the
stolen from the sea; not, as at Plymouth,
east, not quite half a mile in width; but
upon a deeply indented line, but upon a
straight line of coast. The pier is a com-
deep enough for the passage of ships of
plete breakwater, and of a refined construc-
war, until within a short distance from
tion ; and much earlier in its erection than the shore; the other on the west, above
the work at Cherburgh, to which M. Dupin a mile in width, and also presenting,
refers. With regard to the breakwater at along an extent of two thousand seven
Cherburgh we are not able to speak accu- hundred feet, sufficient depth for the
rately as to its present state : but, we fear, passage of ships of war. By sound-
that notwithstanding the large sums of ing the roads, according to the
money expended upon it during more than line along which the structure has
30 years, it still remains incomplete. We
been raised, it was ascertained, that the
learn from M. de Cessart, in his Description
average depth is thirty-six feet, at low
des Travaux Hydrauliques, that the expense
incurred between March, 1783, and Jang-
water. In the equinoxes, the difference
ary, 1791, exceeded 900,0001. sterling; and
between the highest tide and the lowest,
that was an estimate in which the extra pay is eighteen feet; the breakwater is to
to the troops and seamen employed was not be raised three feet above this latter
included. The whole sum expended upon limit, which will make its average
the Cherburgh work, there is every reason height fifty - seven feet. Its .width
to believe, is nearly quadruple the amount is three hundred feet at the founda-
just specified. During the time M. de Ces- tion, and only thirty at the top:
sart superintended the work, he employed these two surfaces are united by rectili-
more than 680 artificers to sink the cones neal inclined planes. The transverse
he made use of; and for the whole opera-
tion of the breakwater, there were simulta-
section of the structure is consequently
neously employed from 1.200 to 1,500 artis a trapezium; the length of its parallel
ficers and labourers, together with about sides being thirty feet, and three hun-
3,000 soldiers. By way of contrast, we may dred feet. The internal inclined side or
add the statement of the whole establish- plane is one hundred and eighty feet in
'ment for carrying on the Plymouth Break- horizontal length;t the external in-
water, viz:
clined side or plape, ninety feet in ho-
A superintendant, with clerks, &c.
rizontal length: consequently, the in-
Warrant officers and masters of the go-
clination of the internal, is three times
vernment vessels . . .
21 greater than that of the external plane.
Seamen and boys to navigate those ves-
In constructing the immense work, of
sels . .
90 which I have described the dimensions,
Seamen in the superintendants' vessels,
it was necessary to choose between the
boats' crews, &c. . . . 45 white Portland-stone, furnished by a
Masons, blacksmiths, carpenters, &c.
neighbouring coast, the granite which
Seamen in the contractors' vessels 170
forms the basis of the primitive moun-
Quarrymen and labourers employed by
tains of Cornwall and Devonshire, and
the contractors
the stone which constitutes the secon-
In all
. 675
dary mountains, and which is covered by
This is about a sixth of the number em-
* It inclines a few degrees towards the
ployed at Cherburgh; a circumstance with
north-west.
which M. Dupin appears to have been much
fo That is to say, that the most inclined
line, mesuring this slope, and projected ho-
struck, although he makes no specific com-
parison in his interesting description.-Ep. rizontally, is 180 feet long.


100 M. Dupin's Account of the Breakwater at Plymouth. [March 1,
a light stratum of vegetable earth; the tificial hill, which rises beside those which
latter was preferred.
arc gradually disappearing. By means
The hills of stone, lining the right of iron chains, flying bridges are thrown
bank of the mouth of the Plym, (the from the summit of the new hill to the
Catwater) have been cut, and, by the aid summit of the primitive hill; and the
of gunpowder, masses are detached workmen, with wheel-barrows and hand-
weighing ten or twelve tons. These barrows, remove the vegetable earth
masses are thrown into the sea, without along these bridges.
any particular order, but within the There appeared to be nothing pe.
linéa fixed for the boundaries of the culiar in the process by which the
work. The points for depositing the quarries are worked; only that it is
stone, so as to diminish the width, and much more easy, when the stone is
thereby form the internal and external found in vertical strata, than when it
slopes, are determined by means of sound lies horizontally. It sometimes hap-
ing. When the work at any part rises high pens, that in the same hill, there are
enough to be visible at low water, the strata nearly horizontal, contiguous to
largest blocks of stone are employed. others nearly vertical; a geological fact,
They are laid together in such a way, as which, though not without example, is
to produce the greatest possible resist- nevertheless very remarkable. The
ance to any derangement which might largest blocks of stone, which are reserve
be occasioned by the waves of the sea. ed for the external and upper parts of
They are not, however, so combined, as the work, are extracted from the latter
to form a smooth surface externally; strata. At the foot of each section of the
on the contrary, they present great hill, a file of cranes is established, on an
irregularities, and thus form a break extremely simple principle. The feet of
water, in the true sense of the word. these cranes rest on a sole fixed intu the
The external plane or slope, from the earth; and the heads turn in an iron
level of low water to the summit, as collar provided with rings, to which
well as the horizontal part of the sum- chains are fastened; these chains, four
mit, have a smooth and uniform sur- or five in number, extend some from
face: but the stones, though smoothed the top downwards, and have their
on the external surface, are not squared point of attachment in the ground-and
on the other sides. They are laid one others from the bottom upwards, and
into another; and in form, bulk, and have their point of attachment on
mode of connexion, perfectly represent the summit of the hill. In propor-
those ancient structures, celebrated for tion as the excavation advances,
solidity, and known by the name of the points of attachment of the chains
Cyclopean Structures.
are altered, and the range of cranes
Having enabled the reader to form is extended, so that the pieces of
some idea of the Breakwater, we may stone detached by the gunpowder, and
now describe the means employed in thrown down by the workmen, are al-
extracting the stone from the quarries, ways caught by some one of the cranes.
placing it on board vessels, and disem. They are each moved by means of a
barking it at the necessary point. These double handle, the axis of which has a
methods are, generally speaking, as pinion attached to it; this pinion sets in
simple as ingenious, and are well wor- motion a toothed wheel, which acts upon
thy the attention of the mechanician. the pinion attached to the cylinder,
The hills, from which the stone is round which the chain, by which the
extracted, extend to the bank of the weight is raised, rolls and unrolls.
Plyin; and a quay is constructed on the Two men are sufficient to work each
bank of the river, to afford conveniences crane: one links together the two ends
for the loading of several vessels at the of the chain round the piece of stone to
same time. The hills are every where co- be raised, and the other turns the
vered with strata of vegetable earth, more handle. As soon as the stone is disen-
or less thi k. This earth is gradually re- gaged from those who surround it, the
moved before the stone can be got out. workman, who fixed it in the chain,
The hills are cut from the top down- pushes it with his hands, and makes the
wards, by sections nearly vertical. crane turn on itself, until the stone
The vevetable earth which has been comes on a level with a flat carriage,
removed, together with the small pieces with four small cast iron wheels, of
of stone procured in course of the ex- nearly equal diameter.
cavation, are piled up, and form an ar- The block of stone being deposited on


1819.) M. Dupin's Account of the Breakwater at Plymouth. 101
this carriage, the two workmen at the stern of the vessel that is to be loaded.
crane proceed to raise another piece of According as the tide is either high or
stone, and to place it on another carriage. low, the slope of the beams changes,
These little carriages are provided at though the ends still rest on the port-
both ends with two strong iron hooks, hole.
for fastening to the traces of a horse, The vessels employed to convey the
either bufore or behind, according as it blocks of stone have only one deck, along
may be found necessary to make the which run two iron rail-ways extending
carriage advance or retrograde ; for it from stem to stern, one on the starboard,
is not made to turo upon its wheels. and the other on the larboard side.
The wheels are placed in the grooves Two similar rail-ways take the same
of an iron rail-way, prepared for that direction into the bottom of the hold.
purpose. These iron rail-ways meet at A horizontal capstan in the middle of
The different points of embarkation, and the vessel, moved by iron wheel-work,
branch out to each of the cranes above makes the carriage advance from the
described.
circular iron-plate, before mentioned, to
When a carriage arrives to be loaded the deck of the vessel, where the car-
at the cranes, a driver is in readiness riages are ranged, so that the front of
with his horse, and he fastens the traces the one comes in contact with the back
to the hooks in front of the carriage. of the other.
He drives off, proceeding a little before It will naturally be supposed that in
his horse, in order to turn the little order to keep the vessels steady during
pieces of iron, which form edges for the loading, it is necessary, in depositing
the grooves of the rail-way, at places the carriages in the hold, to begin by in-
where two roads, crossing each other, troducing them alternately on the star-
renders it necessary that the edges of board and larboard sides. Thus the
the rail-way should be capable of tak- vessel is prevented from heeling either on
ing two different directions. The one side or the other, which would ren.
rail-ways lead to the point of em- der the operations difficult and even dan-
barkation, parallel with the quay, and gerous. In this inanner sixteen or twenty
the carriage which runs in this direc- carriages are put on board each vessel ;
tion must turn at right angles, in order six or seven on each side of the hold, and
that it may be embarked on board the two or three on each side of the deck.
vessel which is waiting at the quay to re- With one horse for drawing the car-
ceive it. For this purpose,a circular plate riages to the circular iron plates on
of cast-iron is laid down, with edges which which they are turned to the point of
appear to be a prolongation of the rail- embarkation, the driver of the horse,
way. This plate, the centre of which and six or eight men for working the
is in the middle of the road, turvs un capstan and pullies, a vessel bearing
rollers fixed circularly beneath it. It is sixty tons is loaded in the space of fifty
moreover enchased in a cast iron hoop, minutes.
and fixed into the ground, to prevent The great works which I have here
it from inclining either to one side or the attempted to describe, the enormous
other. The driver having brought his car masses of stone which the workmen
riage to the iron plate, which prolongs strike with huge hammers, or precipi-
the iron rail-way, unfastens the horse, tate from the summit of the hills; the
and turns with his hands the iron-plate, suspended roads for conveying away the
with the carriage upon it, until the rail- earth; the lines of cranes and their gi-
way on the plate is brought in a line multaneous inachinery; the movement
with the turn of the road leading to the of the carriages; the arrival, loading,
vessel, perpendicular to the quay. and departure of the vessels, present
A strong beam is fixed into the front altogether, to an admirer of the great
of the quays. Two beams perpendicular works of art, one of the most imposing
to this, on a line with the grooves of the spectacles that can be imagined. At
latter part of the rail-way, are fised, certain hours the ringing of a bell an-
with strong hinges, in front of the im- nounces the explosion of the quarries.
moveable beam. The iron grooves of The works instantly cease, the workmen
the rail-way are carried along these two retire; all becomes silence and solitude ;
beams, which may be either raised or and this silence is rendered still more
lowered by turning upon the fixed beam. imposing by the report of the gunpow.
The free extreunities of the two beains der, the breaking of the rocks, the crash
rest on the edge of a port-hole, at the occasioned by their fall, and the prolonged


102 M. Dupin's Account of the Breakwater at Plymouth. [March 1,
echoes. Near the quarries there are scre- the port-lid is lowered by means of
ral workshops for repairing the tools, these chains it becomes horizontal. A
carriages, vessels, &c. A little square tackle is fastened to the hind-part of
building serves as an office for the en- the carriage which is to be unloaded ;
gineer and a few agents," who are suffi- it passes over the carriage, runs through
cient for the direction and completion of a block fixed on the stern, and then
an undertaking, the annual expences of winds round the horizontal capstan.
which amount to one hundred thousand The capstan is now put in motion, the
pounds. The works are entrusted to carriage ascends from the hold, is drawn
two contractors: one superintends the along the deck to the port-hole, which it
transport of the stone, and the other the passes. Then the tackle acting vertically
explosion of the quarries and the con- on the carriage, while the motion of the
struction of the breakwater. The capstan is continued, raises the hind
vessels employed in conveying the part of the carriage, and the stone
stone are previously guaged, and which is now unconfined, falls by its
each vessel has its burden marked on own weight into the sea. This
scales fixed up at the stem and stern. operation being ended, the unloaded
In proportion as the vessel is loaded, carriage is brought back and placed on
the scale descends in the water, and the clear part of the deck, and ano-
thus the burden is ascertained. This ther is unloaded in the same manner.-
serves for the rule by which all the works For a burden of sixty tons, for exam-
are paid. A certain sum is paid for the ple, this operation occupies only forty
extraction of every ton of stone, and so minutes, and fifty vessels are employed
much for placing it on board the vessels in conveying the stones.
and conveying it to the breakwater.
A crane is used in arranging the
T'he work was commenced four years enormous blocks of stone, which are
ago (in 1812), and the sum of one hun. laid together systematically from the le-
dred thousand pounds has been annually vel of low water to the summit of the
expended on it." Five hundred thousand Break-water. This crane, which is form-
pounds inore are wanted, and it is ex- ed of two long masts firmly lashed to-
pected that the structure will be finished gether at the top, and resting on the deck
in five years. Thus the Plymouth break- and the side of a vessel at the stern, is
water will cost nine hundred thousand very strong and large. It is worked by the
pounds, regularly expended in the course horizontal capstan on board the vessel ;
of nine years.
whilst a smaller capstan acts upon a ca-
The quantity of stone which had been ble, by which the vessel is made either to
employed on the 10th of Sept. 1816, approach the Breakwater or to recede
amounted to nine hundred and forty four from it. I conceive it to be impossible
thousand five hundred and one tons. to employ a more simple and advantage-
Supposing that at the conclusion of the ous system of mechanism for raising and
year the whole should have amounted to placing the stones in slightly inclined
a million tons, the work will at that time gradations, which consequently renders
have cost four hundred thousand pounds, it necessary that the crane on board the
which, at an average, is at the rate of ship should project considerably, so that
eight shillings for the shipment, trans- the vessel may not strike against the
port, and deposit of each ton.
Break-water.
When the vessels arrive at the break- Some other little fixed cranes, which
water, their cables are fastened to buoys present nothing remarkable, are ranged
parallel with the works, one range with in succession at different points of the
in and the other without; they then Break-water, for moving and depositing
take the position which is assigned to the last pieces of stone.
them. The port-lids are lowered and Such is the rapid sketch of the great
the port-holes at the stern for loading works of Plymouth Breakwater. The
become the port-holes for unloading. admiration excited by the contemplation
These port-lids turn on strong hinges of such an enterprize is increased on
fixed at the lower end, whilst the upper consideration of the rapidity with which
end is fastened by strong chains ex- it has been completed, and reflects hu-
tending to a post above the prow. When nour at once on the enlightened Govern-
ment which promoted these immense
expenses for the attainment of an object
The engineer, his assistants, and all so eminently advantageous to the public,
the clerks, amount only to len individuals. and on the industrious individuals who,


1819.)
103
Dr. Johnson on Grainger's Poem “ The Sugar Cane."
by the most prompt, ingenious, and yet But Nature has filled these boundless
simple means, have overcome the great regions with innumerable forms to which
est difficulties.
European eyes are wholly strangers.
My friend, Mr. John RENNIE, who “In passing down the river of Ama-
drew the plan of the Plymouth Break zons," says Condamine, “I saw new
water, and who, together with Mr. plants, new animals, and new men.”
WHITBY, immediately superintends the The qualifications of an American
works, invented the different methods traveller are, knowledge of Nature and
which have here been explained. Mr. copiousness of language, acuteness of ob-
WHITBY, the companion of Capt. Cook, servation and facility of description. It
is already known for his talent as a is, therefore, with that pleasure which
mechanician, by an interesting memorial every rational mind finds in the hope of
of the methods adopted for raising the enlarging the empire of science, that we
frigate Aji buscude.. To his politeness I see these enlightened regions visited by
am indebted for the explanation, given a man who examines them as a philoso-
on the spot, of all the operations which pher, and describes them as a poet.
he himself superintends with indefatiga The subject which he has chosen to illus-
ble activity.
trate, demands, by its commercial value,
the attention of a mercantile, and by its
OBSERVATIONS ON GRAINGER'S POEM physical curiosity, that of a philosophical
"THE SUGAR CANE ;” BY DR. JOHN- nation. And it is reasonable to expect,
SON.
that all to whom BUGAR contributes
MR. EDITOR,
usefulness or pleasure, will be willing
IT is well known that Dr. Johnson to know from what it is produced, and
was in the habit of writing critical ar- how it is prepared.
ticles on the performances of his friends, Every author is best recommended by
for the purpose of recommending them himself; we shall therefore subjoin some
to public notice. The following is one examples of the descriptions and pre-
of those productions which the Doctor cepts, both physical and moral, with
wrote, with that good-natured purpose, which this poem abounds. They are not
in behalf of Dr. James Grainger's poem selected as superior in excellence to
of “The Sugar Cane;" on its first ap- many other passages in the poem, but
pearance in 1764. As this effusion has as more easily separated from the rest,
escaped the collectors of Dr. Johnson's and more intelligible when the connexion
fugitive pieces, the insertion of it will, is broken.
perhaps, be acceptable to his admirers In the first Book, directions are given
and the general body of your readers. for the choice of soils : and here the
This critique appeared in three succes. poet having celebrated the dark deep
sire numbers of the London Chronicle: mould, when intermixed with clay or
a paper to which the Doctor occasionally gravel, thus proceeds:-
contributed.
S. TAYLOR.
This soil the Cane
Dec. 28, 1818.
With partial fondness loves : and oft surveys.
Its progeny with wonder. Such rich veins
THE SUGAR Cane: a Poem. In Four Are scattered plenteous o’er the Sugar Isles :
• Books, with Notes, &c.
But chief that land, to which the bearded
To travel usefully in any country, re Fig,
quires a course of study and disposition Prince of the forest, gave Barbadoes name:
of mind suited to the objects which that Chief Nevis, justly for its hot-baths fam'd;
country particularly presents to curio. And breezy Montserrat, whose wond'rous
sity. Holland will be most properly
springs
Change, like Medusa's head, whate'er they
surveyed by the merchant, and politic
touch
cian, and Italy by the antiquary and vir-
To stony hardness.
tuoso. America is well known to be
the habitation of uncivilized nations,
Tho' such the soils the Antillean Cane
Supremely loves : yet other soils abound,
remarkable only for their rudeness and
Which art may tutor to obtain its smile.
simplicity. The plains and mountains Say, shall the experienc'd muse that art re-
of the western hemisphere afford no
monuments of ancient magnificence, nor How sand will fertilize stiff barren clay,
any exhibitions of modern elegance; the How clay unites the light, the porous mould,
lives of their vagrant inhabitants, insecure Sport of each breeze? And how the torpid
and unfriended, can only shew how nymph
labour may supply the want of skill, and of the rank pool so noisome to the smell
how necessity may enforee expedients. May be solicited, by wily ways,
cite?


104
[March 1,
Dr. Johnson on Grainger's Poem “ The Sugar Cane."
To draw her humid train, and prattling ron Equally pew to the readers of this be-
Down the reviving slopes ? Or shall she say misphere will be the Carnation-hedge
What glebes ungrateful to each other, but and Humming-bird, of which we shall
Their genial treasures ope to fire alone?
give the author's account both in verse
Having enumerated the soils proper and prose :-
for the sugar cane, the Poet proceeds to Boast of the shrubby tribe, Carnation fair,*
mention the seasons of planting; and Nor thou repine, tho' late the muse record
here takes occasion to describe a West Thy bloomy honours. Tipt with bur
Indian shower, with its various prog- nish'd gold,
nostics and effects. These he exhibits And with imperial purple crested high,
first as they appear upon the plain, and More gorgeous than the train of Juno's bird,
then turns the reader's eye to the hills; Thy bloomy honours oft the curious
where he opens a scene which will
muse
equally strike Europeans by its grandeur
Hath seen transported : seen the Hum-
ming-bird,+
· and its novelty :-
Whose burnish'd neck bright glows with
But chief, let fixed attention cast his eye
verdant gold;
On the capt mountain, whose high rocky Least of the winged vagrants of the sky,
verge
Yet dauntless as the strong-pounc'd bird of
The wild fig canopies (vast woodland king,
Beneath thy branching shade a banner'd With fluttering vehemence attacks thy cups,
host
To rob them of their nectar's luscious store.
May lie in ambush) and whose shaggy sides, The Second Book describes the vari-
Trees shade, of endless green, enormous
ous dangers to which plantations are
size,
Wond'rous in shape, to botany unknown,
exposed; first, from vermin and insects;
Old as the Deluge –There, in secret haunts, an
and then from causes more dreadful and
The watery spirits ope their liquid court;
heir liquid court; destructive, hurricanes, calms, and earth-
There, with the wood-nymphs, link'd in fes- quakes.
tal band,
Say, can the Muse, the pencil in her hand,
(Soft airs and Phæbus wing them to their
arms)
This is indeed, a most beautiful flower-
Hold amorous dalliance. Ah, may none ing shrub. It is a native of the West Io-
profane,
dies, and called, from a French governor,
With fire, or steel, their mystic privacy: named De Poinci, Poinciana. If permitted
For there their fluent offspring first see day, it will grow twenty feet high; but, in order
Coy infants sporting: silver-footed dew to make it a good fence, it should be kept
To bathe by night thy sprouts in genial low. It is always in blossom. Though
balm;
not purgative it is of the senna kind, Its
The green stol'd Naiad of the tinkling rill, leaves and flowers are stomachic, carmina-
Whose brow the fern tree* shades; the tive, and emmenagogue. Some authors
power of rain
name it Cauda Paconis, on account of its
To glad the thirsty soil, on which, arrangid inimitable beauty ; the flowers have a phy-
The gemmy summits of the cane await. sical smell. How it came to be called
In one of his precepts for planting, a
Doodle-doo I know not; the Barbadeans
moral sentiment arises so naturally from
more properly term it Flower-fence. This
plant grows also in Guinea.
a physical observation, that we cannot P
+ The Humming-Bird is called Piceflore
but wish it may be generally read : by the Spaniards, on account of its hovering
In plants, in beasts, in man's imperial race over flowers, and sucking their juices, with-
An alien mixture meliorates the breed; out lacerating, or even so much as discom-
Hence canes, that sicken'd dwarfish on the posing their petals. Its Indian name, says
plain,
Ulloa, is Guinde, though it is also known
Will shoot with giant vigour on the hill. by the appellations of Rabilargo and Lizon-
Thus all depends on all; so God ordains. gero. By the Caribbeans it was called
Then let not man for little selfish ends, Collotree. It is common in all the warm
(Britain, remember this important truth!) parts of America. There are various spe-
Presume the principle to counteract
cies of them, all exceeding small, beautiful,
Of universal love; for God is love,
and bold. The crested one, though not so
And wide creation shares alike his care. frequent, is yet more beautiful than the
others. It is chiefly to be found in the
* This only grows in mountainous situa- woody parts of the mountains. Edwards
tions. Its stem shoots up to a considerable has described a very beautiful Humming
height, but it does not divide into branches, Bird, with a long tail, which is a native of
till near the summit, where it shoots out Surinam, but which I never saw in these
horizontally, like an umbrella, into leaves, islands. They are easily caught in rainy
which resemble those of the common fern. Weather.


1819.) Dr. Johnson on Grainger's Poem “ The Sugar Cane," 105
year,
The all-wasting hurricane observant ride? Water with fire, increase the infernal din:
Can she, rindazzled, view the lightning's Canes, shrubs, trees, huts, are whirld aloft
in air.
• glare,
That fires the welkin? Can she, unappallid, The wind is spent; and “ all the isle be
When all the flood-gates of the sky are oped,
low;
The shoreless deluge stem? The Muse hath
As silent is as death."
Soon issues forth the West, with sudden
seen
The pillard flame, whose top hạth reach'd
burst;
the stars ;
And blasts more rapid, more resistless
Seen rocky, molten fragments, flung in air
drives :
From Etna's vext abyss; seen burning
a Rushes the headlong sky: the city rocks;
streams
The good man throws him trembling on the
Pour down its channeld sides : cause such ground,
dismay,
And in his inmost soul the murderer dies.
Such desolation, hurricane ! as thou;
Sullen the West withdraws his eager storms.
When the Almighty gives thy rage to blow,
Then the South, sallying from his iron
And all the battles of thy winds engage.
caves,
Soon as the virgin's charms ingross the sun;
With mightier force, renews the aerial war;
But chief, when Libra weighs the unsteady
Sleep, frighted, flies; and, see! yon lofty
palm,
Planter, with mighty props thy dome sup-
Fair `Nature's triumph, pride of Indian
port;
groves,
Each flaw repair; and well with massy bars
Cleft by the sulphurous bolt! See yonder
Thy doors and windows guard.
dome
-Then, or calms obtain;
Where grandeur with propriety combin'd,
And Theodorus with devotion dwelt,
Breathless, the royal palm-tree's airiest van;
Wbile,o'er the panting isle, the dæmon Heat
Involv'd in smould'ring flames.-From ev'ry
High hùrls his Haming brand; vast, distant
rock
Dashes the turbid torrent;
waves
thro' each
The main drives furious in, and heaps the
· street
A river foams, which sweeps, with untam'd
shore
With strange productions : or, the blue
might,
Men, oxen, cane-lands, to the billowy main.
serene
Pauses the wind.---Anon the savage Fast
Assumes a louring aspect, as the clouds
Bids his wing'd tempests more relentless
Fly, wild-careering, thro' the vault of heaven;
rare;
Then transient birds, of various kinds fre-
Now brighter, vaster coruscations flash:
quent
Deepens the deluge; nearer thunders roll;
Each stagnant pool; some hover o'er thy
Earih trembles ; ocean reels: and in her
roof;
Then Eurus* reigns no more; but each
fangs,
Grim desolation tears the shrieking plain.
bold wind,
Nor does the hurricane's all-wasting breath
By turns, usurps the empire of the air
With quick inconstancy;
Alone bring ruin on its sounding wing:
Even calms are dreadful, and the fiery
Thy herds, as sapient of the coming storm,
South
(For beasts partake some portion of the sky)
In troops associate, and in cold sweats bath'd. Olt reigns a tyrant in these fervid isles :
For, from its burning surface, when it
Wild bellowing, eye the pole.
breathes,
-See, the mists that late involy'd the hill,
Europe and Asia's vegetable sons,
Disperse; the mid-day sun looks red;
Touch'd by its tainting vapour, shrivellid,
strange burs
die.
Surround the stars, which vaster fill the eye.
The hardiest children of the rocks repine;
And all the upland Tropic-plants hang down
Fearful, the genius of the forest sighs;
Their drooping heads : show arid, coila,
The mountains moan; deep groans the ca-
adust.
vern'd cliff.
The main itself seems parted into streams,
A night of vapour, closing fast around,
Clear as a mirror; and, with deadly scents,
Snatches the golden noon.—Each wind ap-
Annoys the rower; who, heart fainting,
peased :
eyes
The North flies forth, and hurls the frighted
The sails hang idly, noiseless, from the mast.
air :
Thrice hapless he, whom thus the hand of
Not all the brazen engineries of man,
Fate
At once exploded, the wild burst surpass.
Compels to risk the insufferable train!
Yet thunder, yok'd with lightning and with
A fiend, the worst the angry skies ordain
rain,
To punish sinful man!
• At other times the east wind constantly When such the ravage of the turning calm,
blows in these climates.
On the stout, sunny children of the hill,
New MONTHLY MAG.--No. 62. VOL. XI.
A horrid stench which vaster fill the eve
id stench the pools, the main e


106 Dr. Johnson on Grainger's Poem “ The Sugar Cane.” (Marcia 1,
night, day?
What must thy cane-lands feel? Thy late this part we shall give the description of
green sprouts
a cane field on fire.
Nor branch, nor joint; but sapless, arid, Ah me! what numerous deafening bells re-
pine;
sound?
Those, who have manhood reachd, of yel- What cries of horror startle the dull sleep?
low hue,
What gleaming brightness makes, at mid-
(Symptom of health and strength) soon
ruddy shew,
By its portentous glare, too well I see, .
While the rich juice that circled in their Palæmon's fate: the virtuous and the wise!
veins,
Where were ye, watches, when the flame
Acescent, watery, poor, unwholsome tastes.
burst forth
Then earthquakes, Nature's agonizing pangs, A little care had then the hydra quelld:
Oft shake the astonish'd isles. The Solia. But, now, what clouds of white smoke load
terre
the sky!
Or sends forth thick, blue, suffocating Ilow strong, how rapid the combustion
steams :
... pours!
Or shoots to temporary flame. A din
Aid not, ye winds, with your destroying
Wild, thro’ the mountains quivering rocky breath,
caves,
The spreading vengeance.—They contemn
Like the dread crest of tumbling planets,
my pray’r.
roars.
Rous'd by the deafʼning bells, the cries, the
When tremble thus the pillars of the globe,
blaze;
Like the tall cocoa by the fierce North From ev'ry quarter, in tumultuous bands,
blown;
The negroes rush ; and 'mid the crackling
Can the poor, brittle, tenements of man
flames,
Withstand the dread convulsion ? Their Plunge dæmon-like! all, all, urge ev'ry.
dear homes,
nerve :
(Which, shaking, tottering, crashing, burst- This way, tear up those canes; dash the fire
ing, fall,)
out,
The boldest ily: and, on the open plain, Which sweeps, with serpent-error, o'er the
Appallid, in agony the moment wait,
ground.
When, witli disrupture vast, the waving There, how these down; their topmost
earth,
branches burn:
Shall 'whelm them in her sea-disgorging And here bid all the watery engines play:
womb.
For here the wind the burning deluge drives.
Nor less affrighted are the bestial kind:
In vain.-More wide the blazing torrent
The bold steed quivers in each panting vein, rolls;
And staggers, writh'd in deluges of sweat, More loud it roars, more bright it fires the
The lowing herds forsake their grassy food,
pole!
And send forth frighted, woeful, hollow And toward thy mansion, see, it bends its
sounds;
way.
The dog, thy trusty centinel of night,
Haste, far, O far, your infant throng re.
Deserts his post assign'd, and piteous
move:
howls.-
Quick from your stables drag your steeds
Wide ocean feels :
and mules :
The mountain-waves, passing their custom'd With well-wet blankets guard your cypress-
bounds,
roofs,
Make direful, loud incursions on the land, And where the dried canes in large stacks
All-overwhelming: sudden they retreat
are pil'd.
With their whole troubled waters: but, Efforts but serve to irritate the flames:
anon,
Nought but thy ruin can their wrath appease.
Sudden return, with louder, mightier force; Ah, my Palæmon! what availed thy care.
(The black rocks whiten, the vext shores re-
e vext shores re- Oft to prevent the earliest dawn of day,
suund ;)
And walk thy ranges, at the noon of night?
And yet, more rapid, distant they retire. What though no ills assail'd thy branching
Vast coruscations lighten all the sky,
sprouts,
With volum'd fames; while thunder's aw. And seasons pour'd obedient to thy will :
ful voice
All, all must perish; nor shalt thou perserre
From forth his shrine, by night and horror Wherewith to feed thy little orphan throng,
girt,
Oh, may the cane-isles know few nights like
Astounds the guilty, and appals the good : this!
For oft the best, smote by the bolt of Hea The Fourth Book (the subject of
ven,
which is the proper choice and treatment
Wrapt in ethereal flame forget to live.
of Negroes) opens with the following
In the Third Book, a West Indian fine personification :
harvest is described ; and the manner of Genius of Afric! whether thou bestrid'st.
boiling the juice of the cane. From The castled elephant; or at the source


1819.) Dr. Johnson on Grainger's Poem, “ The Sugar Cane.” 107
of thine owo Niger, sadly thou reclin'st, Then laws, oppression's scourge, fair vir-
Thy temples shaded by the tremulous palm, tue's prop,
Or quick papaw, whose top is necklac'd Offspring of wisdom, should impartial reign,
round
To knit the whole in well accorded strife :
With numerous rows of party-colour'd fruit: Servants, not slaves : of choice, and not
Or hear'st thou rather from the rocky banks compelled,
Of Rio Grande, er black Sanaga?
The Blacks should cultivate the Cane-land
Where, dauntless thou, the headlong torrent isles.
bear'st
In search of gold, to braid thy woolly locks, We have afterwards an enumeration
Or with bright ringlets ornament thine ears, of the several ails to which the Negroes
Thine arms, and ancles; O attend my songs are peculiarly liable, with their cures.
A muse that pities thy distressful state; The wild opinions and customs of this
Who sees, with grief, thy sons in letters sable race are also described ; particu-
bound;
larly the grand Negro dance on festival
Who wishes freedom to the race of men;
occasions.
Thy nod assenting craves ; dreari Genius,
The poet concludes the whole with
come!
an address to the mother country; and
After this the poet gives a curious with a premonition of the dangerous
account of the genius and disposition of consequences likely to arise from that
the different Negro nations; and pro- . independency to which the northern co-
ceeds to recommend mild treatment to lonies are gradually advancing.
their masters ; in which the generosity
of the author's temper, and the inge-
All hail, old father Thames! tho' not from
far
nuous liberality of his sentiments, will
be admired and approved by every hu. thy
Thy springing water3 roll; nor countless
streams,
mane reader.
Of name conspicuous, swell thy watery store;
Planter, let humanity prevail-
Tho' thou no Plata, to thee the sea devolve
Perhaps thy Negro, in his native land Vast humid offerings; thou art king of
Possess a large fertile plains, and slaves, and streams :
herds :
Delighted commerce broods upon thy wave;
Perhaps, whene'er he deign'd to walk And every quarter of this sea-girt globe
abroad,
To thee due tribute pays; but chief the
The richest silks, from where the Indus world
rolls,
By great Columbus found, where now the
His litobs invested in their gorgeous plaits :
Perhaps he wails his wife, his children, left Beholds, transported, slow, vast fleecy clouds,
To struggle with adversity. Perhaps Alps, pild on Alps, romantically high,
Fortune, in hattle for his country fought, Which charm the sight with many a pleas-
Gave him a captive to his deadliest foe:
ing form;
Perhaps, incautious, in his native fields, The moon, in virgin glory, gilds the pole,
(On pleasurable scenes his mind intent,) And tips yon tamarinds, tips yon cane-
Al as he wanderd; from the neighbouring crown'd vale
grove,
With fuent silver; while únnumber'd stars
Fell ambush draggʻd him to the hated Gild the vast concave with their lively beams.
main.
The main, a moving, burnishid mirror
Were they even sold for crimes; ye po shines ;
lish'd, say!
No noise is heard, save when the distant
Ye, to whom learning opes her amplest surge,
page;
With drowsy murm'rings, breaks upon the
Ye, whom the knowledge of a living God
shore;
Should lead to virtue; are ye free from A h me, what thunders roll! the sky 's on
crimes?
fire!
Ah pity, then, these uninstructed swains; Now sudden darkness muffles up the pole!
And still let mercy soften the decrees Heavens! what wild scenes before the af-
Of rigid justice, with her lenient hand.
frighted sense
Oh, did the tender muse possess the power · Imperfect swim! - See! in that tiaming
Which monarchs have, and monarchs oft scroll,
abuse,
Which time unfolds, the future germs bud
'Twould be the food ambition of her soul,
forth,
To quelltyrannic sway; knock off the Of mighly empires; independent realms! -
chains
And must Britannia, Neptune's favourite
Of heart-debasing slavery; give to man,
queen,
Of every colour and of every clime, . Protectress of true science, freedom, arts,
Freedom, which stampa him image of his Must she, ah! must she, lo her offspring
* God.
crouch?
muse


108
[March 1,
Thoughts on Planetary Motion.
Ah, must my Thames, old Ocean's favour- men always contented to take things
ite son,
upon trust, without examining the prin-
Resign his trident to barbaric streams, ciples upon which received systems are
His banks neglected, and his waves un- founded, popular errors must for ever
sought,
remain without correction, and new
No bards to sing them, and no fleets to die
discoveries would very seldom be made.
grace?
It was by stepping out of the common
Again, the fleecy clouds amuse the eye,
And sparkling stars the vast horizon gild - path, that Columbus ventured on a new
She shall not crouch! if Wisdom guide the undertaking, and succeeded in disco-
helm :
vering a new world. Every friend to
Wisdom that hade loud Fame, with justest improvement in science will gladly en-
praise,
courage a spirit of inquiry: and the
Record her triumphs! bade the lacqueying hope of finding many persons of this
winds
description has induced me to offer sen-
Transport, to every quarter of the globe,
timents so very different from those of
Her winged navies; bade the scepter'd sons
my superiors in the literary world.
Of earth acknowledge her pre-eminence !
James Ferguson, F. R.S. has pub-
She shall not crouch, if these Cane-ocean'd
• isles,
lished a Treatise of Astronomy, ex-
Isles, which on Britain for their all depend. plained upon Sir Isaac Newton's prin-
And must for ever; still indulgent share ciples, wherein he makes the following
Her fostering smile; and other isles to gain, remark:-
From vanquished foes.-And see another “ By the above-mentioned law, $ 150
race!
et seq. bodies will move in all kinds
A golden æra dazzles my fond sight! of ellipses, whether long or short, if the
That other race, that long'd-for æra, hail!
spaces they move in be void of resist-
The British George now reigns, the Patriot
ance. Only those which move in the
King;
longer ellipses have so much the less
Britain shall ever triumph o'er the main !
projectile force impressed upon them in
THOUGHTS ON PLANETARY MOTION.
the higher parts of their orbits ; and
their velocities, in coming down to..
AS the theory of gravity has long wards the sun, are so prodigiously in-
been received and sanctioned by a mul-
creased by his attraction, that their cen-
titude of learned men, some people may trifugal forces in the lower parts of their
be surprised to see any thing advanced
orbits are so great, as to overcome the
against it. But let it be remembered,
sun's attraction there, and cause them
that truth can never suffer by fair in-
to ascend again towards the higher
quiry :-the candid professor of philo-
parts of their orbits; during which time,
sopliy will readily submit his opinions to
the sun's attraction acting so contrary
the test of investigation, and willingly
to the motions of those bodies, causes
relinquish whatever cannot be supported them to move slower and slower, until
by reason and sound argument. The their projectile forces are diminished
venerable name of Newton may justly almost to nothing; and then they are
clain great respect, and challenge very brought back again by the sun's attrac-
honourable notice: but, while we pay tion, as before." Elerenth edition. p. 8).
to departed worth the just tribute of In opposition to this system, I main-
merited praise, we ought to consider that tain, that when the planet moves in an
infallibility belongs not to dying men, elliptical orbit, the centrifugal force and
whose contracted span of mortal exist- the sun's attraction cannot possibly ex-
ence precludes a long course of scientific ist. My arguments are as follow:-
researches; and whose feebleness of . There can be no progression from
constitution prevents those vigorous ef- inferiority to superiority, without ar-
forts of the mental fixeulties, which are riving at a point of equality.
absolutely necessary to the acquisition of 2. The planet's centrifugal force
perfect knowledge.
being once inferior to the sun's attrac-
The Newtonian system is very popu- tion can never become superior thereto,
lar-and if it can be proved sufficient to without the planet's arriving at a point
account for the phenomena of Nature, in the orbit, where the centrifugal force
it is worthy of the greatest honour: but and the sun's attraction are perfectly
if impartial discussion should clearly equal.
point out its defects, let it not be perti- 3. The centrifugal force and the sun's
naciously held as an invariable creed, attraction can never become perfectly
to be received without consideration, equal, without causing the planet to
and repeated without thought. Were move in a perfect circle.


1819.]
Thoughts on Planetary Motion.
109
4. The planets can never move in the double sine is the superior quantity :
ellipses, while the centrifugal force and but when we rise to 70 or 80 degrees,
the suu's attraction do exist; also, the the tangent is found to be the superior
centrifugal force and the sun's attrac- quantity, and the double sine* is the
tion cannot exist, while the planets inferior quantity. Now, as the tangent,
more in ellipses.
from a state of inferiority, is become
The truth of the first position will superior to the double sine, it is plain,
plainly appear when it is considered that that there must be some point between
where equality cannot be accomplish- 20 degrees and 70 degrees, where the
ed superiority can never be attained. tangent and double sine are perfectly
It is evident, that tangents and se- equal. And by examination, we shall
cants are increasing quantities as the find this point precisely at 60 degrees.
angle intreases; and that, in ascending Below 60, the tangents and double
from -che lower part towards the ver- sines are increasing and approaching
tical point, they are constantly approach towards equality; at 60, the tangent
ing nearer and nearer to equality: and becomes perfectly equal to the double
yet, if they be continued to any deter sine; and above 60, it rises to superio-
minate length whatever, and extended rity, and goes on increasing its supe-
as far as thought and imagination can riority, as long as the projection or
reach, they will never becoine perfectly calculation is continued.
equal. The tangent will always be Here, then, is a progress from infe-
something less than the secant; al. riority to superiority, where 60 degrees
though we should conceive them to reach must be reckoned the point of equality,
from the earth to the utmost bounds of which forms the boundary between both
the solar system, or suppose them to states, and through which the progres-
be commensurate with the whole extent sion is made. All this illustrates and
of creation. As far as the mind can confirins the above mentioned position:
form any idea of the subject, there will and every progression in nature that we
be an eternal approximation to equality; examine will serve to prove, that it is
and yet, the rery point of equality will impossible to pass from inferiority to
never be attained.
superiority, without arriving first at the
Geometrical projection and arithmeti- point of equality, where neither of the
cal calculation plainly prove, that, in quantities exceeds the other.
ascending the arch, the difference 2. The plancts' centrifugal force
between the tangents and secants is being once inferior to the sun's attrac-
gradually diminishing; and therefore tion can never become superior thereto,
they are perpetually approaching to without the planet's arriving at a point
wards equality, as the angle increases in the orbit, where the centrifugal force
towards 90 degrees. But, though the and the sun's attraction are perfectly
approximation to 90 may be carried on equal.
ever so long, and the approach to it. It is said that, in the higher part of
rendered very near, yet, as two parallel the orbit, the centrifugal force is too
lines can never meet together, so the sc- weak to balance the sun's attraction;
cant of 90 can never be drawn or cal- but that when the planet is come down
culated ; and consequently its tangent to the lower part of the orbit, the cen.
can never be estimated or determined. trifugal force is become too strong for
And as the tangent, which is the infe- the sun's attraction.
rior quantity, though always increasing, Here, then, the planet's centrifugal
can never equal the increasing secant, force and the sun's attraction are sup-
so it can never exceed it in length. posed to increase during the planet's
But if there be two increasing quan- descent from the Aphelion to the Peri-
tities, and it is found that the quantity helium; but with this difference, the
which was inferior at one point or centrifugal force, which was the inferior
period is become superior at another quantity in the higher part of the orbit,
point or period, it is manifest, that there has increased so much faster than the
is a point passed, where both quantities sun's attraction, that, in the lower part
were exactly equal. It is known, that of the orbit, it is become the superior
tangents and double sines are increasing quantity. So that according to this
quantities; for, in ascending the arch doctrine, the centrifugal force has made
from 0 to 10, from 10 to 20 degrees, &c.
the tangents and double sines are in- By the term “ double sine" is meant
creasing : it is also evident, that the the sine doubled, or the chord of twice the
tangent here is the inferior quantity, and arch.


110
[March 1,
Thoughts on Planetary Motion.
a progress from inferiority to superi- trifugal force and the sun's attraction
ority. This plainly implies, that it are considered to be equal : yet it is
must have arrived at the point of equa- manifest, that the planet has been
lity, where the two forces were per- approaching nearer the sun; and as
fectly balanced, without the least ex- every moving body has a tendency to
cess on either side ; for, without ar- continue the same direction, unless it
riving at that point of equality, it never be prevented by some powerful cause,
could attain a state of superiority: as it will not the planet, in consequence of
has been already proved. Therefore its former direction, continue for some
the planet's centrifugal force being once time to approach the sun, although the
inferior to the sun's attraction can centrifugal force and the sun's attraction
nerer become superior thereto, without are become perfectly equal?
the planet's arriving at a point in the To this I answer; the centrifugal
orbit, where the centrifugal force and force is considered to be produced by
the sun's attraction will be so perfectly the increased projectile force in combi-
balanced, as to admit of no prepon- nation with the planet's direction: there-
derance, and so exactly equal, as to ad- fore the influence of the planet's direc-
mit of no inequality,
tion is fully allowed for, in counting
3. The planet's centrifugal force and the centrifugal force; and being once
the sun's attraction can never become duly allowed for, can never be reckoned
perfectly equal, without causing the a second time. The centrifugal force
planet to inore in a perfect circle.
is declared to be caused by the planet's
When the planet arrives at that point velocity in a certain direction: there-
in the orbit, where the centrifugal force fore, both the direction and velocity are
and the sun's attraction are perfectly completely accounted for, in reckoning
equal, how can the planet approach the centrifugal force produced by them.
nearer to the sun ? Will the sun's at. Hence, the increase or decrease of
traction draw it nearer?
distance from the sun, can never be
Certainly it will not: for that attrac- caused by the planet's former direction;
tion is completely balanced by the cen- seeing that all influence arising from that
trifugal force, which acts with equal source has been reckoned in counting
power and in an opposite direction. the centrifugal force, and consequently
Therefore, upon this principle, it is im- can never be counted again as a separate
possible for the planet to come any principle.
nearer to the sun.
The consequence is, that the continu-
Again. When the centrifugal force ance of planetary elliptical motion is im-
and the sun's attraction are perfectly possible, according to the Newtonian
equal, How can the planet go farther system; for the planet's centrifugal force
from the sun ?
and the sun's attraction can never be-
Will the planet's centrifugal force come perfectly equal, without causing
carry it to a greater distance from the the planet to move constantly in a per-
fect circle.
Certainly it cannot: for that centri 4. The planets can never more in
fugal force is directly opposed by the elliptical orbits, while the centrifugal
sun's attraction, which, in this case, force and the sun's attraction do exist;
must be perfectly equal to the centri. also, the centrifugal force, and the sun's
fugal force. Therefore, upon this prin- attraction cannot exist, while the planets
ciple, it would be impossible for the move in elliptical orbits.
planet to go any farther from the sun. It is plainly proved, that all motion
Hence, it follows, that as the planet can- regulated by centrifugal and centri.
not come nearer the sun, because of the petal forces must be perfectly circular ; 80
centrifugal force, and as it cannot go that, when a body moves in an elliptical
farther from the sun, because of the orbit, its motion cannot be regulated by
sun's attraction, if the planet move at centrifugal and centripetal forces. But
all, it must move in a perfect circle the earth, moon, and stars more in el-
round the sun, without increasing or liptical orbits; therefore the motion of
diminishing its distance from the sun. the earth, moon, and planets, can never
But it may be objected that the planet is be regulated by centrifugal and centri-
supposed to be descending from the petal forces. The whole may be briefly
Aphelion towards the Perihelium, in a comprised in the following statement:
direction which leads it nearer to the The centrifugal force and the sun's
sun: and when, in that descent, it arrives attraction cannot exist, without becom-
at a certain point in the orbit, the cen- ing equal in some part of the orbit; and
sun?


1819.]
111
Notices of the Hungarian Gypsies.
they cannot become equal in some part cance, yet not the less remarkable, can-
of the orbit, without producing a circu- not fail of proving interesting to the
lar motion, and precluding an elliptical general reader. The author is far from
motion,
pretending to furnish a complete de-
The plain inference is, the existence scription of them; for so many of the
of centrifugal force and the sun's attrac less prominent features in the character
tion absolutely precludes elliptical mo. of this singular race of beings, may
tion; and the existence of elliptical mo. escape the most attentive observer, that
tion absolutely precludes the existence it would be presumption to offer a
of centrifugal force, and of the sun's sketch like the present, as exhausting
attraction.
the subject. What he does give, how-
Thus it appears, that the Newtonian ever, is the result of his own observa-
system is quite insuflicient to account tions; and, both in the outline and co-
for planetary motion: and therefore that louring, shall bear the stamp of truth.
motion must be ascribed to a principle It need hardly be mentioned, that
which our celebrated countryman never where his account disagrees, more or
thought of.
less, with others already published, the
5. If the above arguments are conclu- situation of the writer, and, doubtless,
sire, it must necessarily follow, that the here and there, a more accurate know-
theory of the tides, so generally received, ledge of the subject, is the cause.
is perfectly erroneous. The ebbing and Though this is by no means the place
flowing of the sea can never be caused for historical researches, I cannot avoid
by the attraction of the sun and moon, saying a few words respecting the origin
if it be proved that no such attraction of the gypsies. It was formerly the
does exist. In this case, the movement fashion seriously to infer the descent
of the waters must be referred to a and origin of a people, from its name.
principle of a very different nature. The gypsies being called in German Zi-
6. It is now requested, that some ad- geuner, Hasse* thinks he has found
vocate for the theory of gravity will them in the Syginnoi of Herodotus.
undertake to answer what is here ad- Even if we did take into the account
ranced against it; and it is hoped that that Herodotus (Herod. V. p. 351. sq.
the issue of the debate will tend to ed. Steph.) as he frankly confesses,
confirm and illustrate the present popu- speaks of the country north of the Ister,
lar system ; or else to introduce another, which he, upon hearsay, assigns to the
subject to fewer incumbrances, and ca. Syginnoi, at a time quite unknown;
pable of clearer proofs.
and makes these Syginnoi dwell from
Perhaps it will be asked, If the pre- Pontus to the Adriatic Sea, and that lie
sent system should prove defective, what again finds Syginnoi a province; that,
substitute can be found for it?
therefore, no conclusion can be drawn
Mr answer to this inquiry is, I have from his uncertain notices. It must
something to offer in its stead; but to appear strange, that a people who in-
render it fit for public inspection, it is habited so vast an extent of country,
necessary that it should be elucidated could wholly vanish from history; and
and confirmed by several experiments, not till after a lapse of two thousand -
which are too expensive for me at pre- years, (in the first quarter of the 15th
sent to undertake: therefore, until some Century) shew themselves again, and
favourable turn take place in my circum- that too, in several parts of the world
stances, I shall confine inyself to the at the same time. The main objection
investigation here proposed. When the to Hasse, is, however, that a people so
above-mentioned positions have received long settled in Europe, would not as
sufficient discussion, I intend to bring evidently betray, in figure, manners,
forward against the theory of gravity, and complexion, its oriental origin.
other arguments, founded upon the There can scarcely be a doubt, that, is
moon's revolution round the earth, bistorical criticism, the similarity of
&c. &c.
W. Jenkin. names is a very weak support for such -
Mylor.
assertions. A Frenchman might, with ,
equal reason, derive the Gypsies from
NOTICES OF THE HUNGARIAN GYPSIES. Bohemia, they being called Bohemians
No. I.
in French. Grellman's hypothesis is
SOME account of the mode of life, more tenable, who, in his Historical
maoners, and character of a people,
partly unknown, and partly disregarded, # The Gypsies in Herodotus &c. Koningga
on account of their political insignifi- burg, 1803.
-
--


112
Notices of the Hungariun Gypsies. [March 1,
Essay on the Gypsies, 2nd edit. Gottin- summer they reside in tents of a coarse
gen, 1787) upon much more solid hung stuff, mostly of a dark brown co-
grounds, endeavours to prore, from the Jour, either from nature, or the smoke.
analogy of the language, that they are In such a tent, which consists of a cloth
of Hindoo origin. The general proof spread over two cross beams, and is,
seems satisfactory; but to make the Pa consequently, of but a moderate size, a
rias, or Sudders, who are, however, not whole family frequently lives. The
the same, the ancestors of our Gypsies, father, with his wife, and often his
is surely going farther than we have married children and grandchildren; or
authority to do. Adelung too, (Mithri- if the family be much too large, they
dates, part I. p. 237) could hardly resist erect two or three such tents. For the
the temptation of fixing precisely the most part, a family chuses its abode
original seat of the gypsies in India, at alone, near to a town or village, on a
the mouth of the Indus, (Sind.) where heath, where wood and water are at
there is still a plundering tribe, called hand. But I have frequently seen
Zinganese, or Tschinganese, and this hordes of thirty or forty tents together,
merely because there is some likeness as in a little camp. The population of
with the German name Zigeuner. one of these camps is astonishing; for
But all this needs no refutation, when the marriages of the Gypsies are blessed
I say, that the Gypsies, in their own with children, more, perhaps, than is
language, call themselves Pharaon; and necessary.
the reader will smile, when he hears It affords a true picture of the pa-
that they pretend to be descended from triarchal life, to walk on a fine
the remains of Pharaoh's host, drowned star-light summer's evening through
in the Red Sea. This is almost calling such a camp. In every tent there is a
in question the accuracy of Moses, who fire, round which the father, mother,
says, that Pharaoh and his host perished children, and grand-children, pass
to a man. The Gyspsics, nevertheless, away the time in lively conversation ;
pride themselves on this biblical deriva- joy and mirth prevail in these abodes of
tion, just as if they must absolutely be apparent misery; and the inhabitant of
in the Bible. It is not our intention to the tent, happy in his existence, smokes
carry this inquiry any further. The his pipe, which nobody, surely, grudges
reader will excuse this little digression, him. When the flame expires, old
as not wholly foreign to the purpose of and young lie down together, with
these observations, and as it at least little or nothing under them, but the
informs him of the name which the bare earth; and Morpheus fails not to
Gypsies give themselves.
bestow his most precious gifts on these
When I promise a description of the his light-hearted votaries. But when the
Gypsies, I speak only of such as in- summer nights become more cool, they
habit Hungary, and are particularly nu- assemble, like radii, about the centralfire,
merous in Transylvania. Those are ex which is replenished through the night,
cluded, who wander about Europe un to keep their feet at least warm, as the
der such repulsive shapes, that it is not rest of the body is poorly enough co-
probable any body would desire a picture vered. The spoiled child of civilization
of them. Others in Hungary and Tran- is ready to pity those bardier sons of
sylvania are a more civilized race, and Nature. To us, it is true, such a way
keep up no intercourse with them, of life secms uncomfortable; but the
though they speak at the bottom the same Nomade feels himself a king in it; he
language; a clear proof that they con- is free, not bound down to the soil; in
sider themselves as something better whatever part of the fair creation of
than their brethren.
God he finds himself happy, he can say,
That these sketches may not appear “here I will abide,” and when he is
confused, I must make a distinction in tired of uniforinity, he can journey on.
the Gypsies of Hungary and Tran- The following anecdoto is well authen-
sylvania themselves. They are partly ticated :--When the Einperor Joseph
Nomades, partly living in fixed habita- II. attempted to extend his plans of re-
itions. I will first describe each class form in Hungary and Transylvania, even
separately, and then enumerate the to the Gypsies, whom he ordered to be
features common to both, by which, at called from that time, “ New Peasants,"
t be end, the character of the people will and commanded that erery Nomade
sippear.
should permanently settle in a regularly
OP THE NOMADES.
built hut, near a town or village, several
The wandering Gypsies have different of them being thus compelled, built huts
dwellings for summer and winter. In with walls and roofs, and in the inclosed


1819.]
Notices of the Hungariun Gypsies.
113
space, set up their beloved smoky tents, owner's Bucephalus awaits with impa-
and thus evaded the purpose of the law. tient longing the coming spring and his
After the lamented death of the Emperor pasture.
Joseph, things returned, in this respect, Scarcely has the first stray swallow from
to their old course; and though many the warmer climates shewn itself in the
had become attached to a more fixed more northern regions, when our No-
abode, there were still enough who, inade re-appears on the surface of the
faithful to the way of living of their an earth: he joyfully pulls down his winter
cestors, returned to liberty, and inhabit habitation, pitches his tent cheerfully in
ed their tents as they had done before. the young grass, warms himself in the
In this manner they live during the har. beams of ihe vernal sun, and had he no
vest round about the villages, where they other joy in his whole life, I believe that
carn the most indispensable necessaries. this single one would outweigh a thon-
But this enjoyment is allowed them only sand of the every day pleasures of the
in summer. Winter is a hostile demon generality of mankind. Now he again
to them; however they know how to roves about with his dwelling, like the
provide against this also.
snail, sets it up where it pleases himself
Without having previously learnt it and the respective village magistrates,
from the Marmots, they dig themselves and does not begin, till the first hoar
a hole in the ground. For the most frost whitens the ground, to dread the
part they hollow out, in the side of a approach of winter.
sunny hill, a place which, on two ac One need not be an Edipus to guegs
counts, is rather narrow ; first that they the reason of this dread. His clothing,
may not overwork themselves in digging, far from being a protection against frost
and, secondly, the better to retain the and cold, is but barely sufficient to cover
natural or artificial heat in them. Far his nakedness. Were nakedness the
be it from me to shock the delicate true characteristic of the state of inno-
nerves of the reader by introducing him cence, most of the young gypsies from
into such a dwelling; for I myself have the age of 3 to that of 10 years, must be
nerer ventured to examine one minutely. in that blessed condition. As Nature
The atmosphere alone enabled me to made them, they frolic in summer about
paint in my fancy the whole establish- the tent, and in winter, scantily bedecked
inent. I shall therefore confine myself with all kinds of rags, they cower round
to the exterior. The hinder wall of the the blazing fire. When they are older,
dwelling is the hill itself cut down per- they go about dressed indeed; but the
pendicularly. In front a stake is planted, inventory of their wardrobe may be
upon which, and on the hinder wali, a made with little trouble : a shirt, but
cross beam rests, which supports and not a new one, and a pair of breeches
forms the roof; all round is duly filled are the usual dress of the man; the wo-
up with wood, sods, and earth; so that man, instead of breeches, has a petticoat
BO rain can penetrate. Only one half and apron. It is superfluous to dwell
of the front remains open, in the form on the frail nature of the whole dress,
of an eight-angled triangle, for an en- when we know that it is for the most
trance, and a hole in the roof to let out part given them, or purchased for a mere
the smoke. A window it not to be trifle. Most of them are quite destitute
thought of; the necessary light comes of any covering for the head, or the feet.
in at the entrance, which is closed dur- The older and more opulent among them
ing the night and in stormy weather, indulge themselves a little in this respect,
with a cloth, or the now superfluous and make, besides, some addition to the
covering of the tent: the fire retains its rest of their dress. All of them follow
place in the centre, the master of the a strange taste, when they can, in the
cave with his family lies round it choice of their clothing. Gay colours,
enough to afford in miniature a pretty especially red, and bright blue, are their
faithful picture of the infernal regions. favourites. With a threadbare pair of
The passenger whose nerves are de- scarlet breeches, trimmed perhaps with
licate shudders at such an abode as at galloon or lace, half without shoes, and
the entrance of Dante's Hell; but he in half a shirt, the gypsey feels himself
may go past it; for the smoke issuing quite proud, and the fine breeches make
from the top, and the entrance, serves him overlook all the rest. The women
as a sign that human moles inhabit these also prefer gay colours, and, when they
places: besides there generally stands can, deck themselves in a most laughable
near the dwelling a shed of wood, brush- manner, with all kinds of stuffs. The
wood, straw, and sods, in which the Hungarian and German costume 2ro
New MONTHLY MAG.–No. 62. Vol. XI.


114
[ March 1,
Sabina.
united in their persons, but they greatly wretched Psecas or Latris, a circum-
prefer the first as the most showy. stance which might almost be regarded
• If after what I have said I should add as a miracle.
an article on the riches of the Nomades, It should be observed, that a cruel
truly many readers might accuse me of and sanguinary humour was in general
aiming at contrast. The name makes manifested by Roman ladies of distinc-
all the difference; instead of riches I say tion at the toilette. Accustomed, from
effects of the Gypsies, and, however, to their early years, to the murderous
produce something unexpected, speak first fights of gladiators, or of animals at the
of the silver which the Nomades possess. amphitheatres, and to the bloody flagel-
Most of the old families have one, and lations of their slaves at home, they re-
often several silver goblets of different venged, in the morning, on their atten-
sizes. This expence, lavished on a very dants, every disappointment, and every
superfluous utensil, seems to every body vexation experienced during the pre-
as foolish as it does to myself. But it is ceding day or the past night. Woe to
their custom. To secure this treasure these unfortunate creatures if the love-
from the greedy eyes and fingers of other letter had not been delivered in due
Amateurs, they are used to bury it, and time, if an assignation in the Temple of
commonly under the fire-place. Upon Isis had been neglected; or if the mirror,
particular festivals, christenings, and alone a stranger to flattery, exhibited to
weddings, the father, the mother, and the Donna, at the first glance in the
the married children drink out of the morning, a red nose, a pimple on the
goblet; the unmarried are prohibited chin, or other traces of nocturnal orgies
the use of it. This is the only direct use and debaucheries !--Her attendant dam-
which the Nomade makes of his trea. scls might then be as attentive as they
sure ; but another, indirect, use is more would, they might possess the dexterity
important. If he wants to borrow mo- of the Graces and the Hours, still they
ney he pawns his goblet, which is in fact were sure to pay, with blood and tears,
the only valuable he possesses. This for the ill humour of their mistress. It
I think may be one of the chief reasons was, therefore, prescribed by the regu-
which induces the poor Nomade to lations relative to the custom of these
abridge himself in clothing and food, much-to-be-pitied servants, that while
that he may be able to procure one gob- they were engaged in the dressing-room,
let at least, which, if he pawns it, he will and at the toilette of the Domina, they
certainly return, that it may descend to should appear perfectly naked down to
his children and their posterity.
the bosom, that they might be ready to
receive any chastisement she thought fit
SABINA:
to inflict, even with scourges of plaited
wire, with pieces of bone or balls of metal
Or, Scenes at the Toilette of a Roman
fastened to the ends of them. Whatever
Lady of Fashion.
Scene IV.
* Let it only be recollected, that in every
Cruelties towards Slares-Carmion pares numerous family, there were particular
the Domina's Nails-Anciety to have slaves, whose sole occupation consisted in
handsome Hands and Nails-Latris lets scourging their fellow-slaves. They were
fall the Case of the Mirror.
denominated Lorarii. Instead of these,
WHILE this was passing, Donna Sa-
many Roman ladies (unless Juvenal has
bina had not been idle, or, to speak more
been guilty of exaggeration) employed, for
correctly, she had found means to keep
these punishments, the public flagellators,
whom the Romans comprehended in the ge-
half a dozen of slaves in full employment
neral term, carnifices, and whose business it
about her person. We left her under
was to inflict the cruel scourgings which
the hands of her skilful hair-dresser. preceded capital punishment, by way of
Napé had fortunately tied the bow in torture, and paid them a regular annual
front to the entire satisfaction of his salary for their trouble.
mistress, and completed the structure of + That the most voluptuous effeminacy
a head-dress, which the rigid Tertullian is capable of entering into horrid league
so justly denominates enormous protu-
with the most refined cruelty, has, in mo-
berances of hair pinned up and plaited
dern times, been demonstrated by the many
furies of the guillotine and monsters of ter-
together. And during all these prepa-
rations, there had as yet been no pins
rorism in the French Revolution, such as
Lebas, Carrier, &c. as also by that infernal
thrust into the arms and boeom of the novel.'Justin
novel, Justine, by the reading of which, as
busy Calamis, nor had the scourge been Retif de la Brettonne asserts, Danton used
applied to the back or shoulders of the to excite his diabolical thirst of blood.


1810.]
Sabina.
115
the Domina had in her hand, in the first slave again touch your insensate head.
emotion of passion, was converted into Let the scorching salamander crawl over
an instrument of punishment. The it, let the razor despoil it, and let vour -
long and sharp-pointed needles, describ- head henceforward appear as smooth as
ed in the second scene, were convenient the surface of your mirror."
implements of torture for the miserable It was, nevertheless, a favour which cal-
slaves. Nothing was more common than led for their gratitude when the slaves
for the Domina to pierce the hair-dresser received this chastisement from the hand
with these in the arms and bosom, if she of the Domina. Far more cruel was
had the misfortune, at that moment, to the punishment, when, in her anger, she
excite her displeasure. Hence the mas- directed it to be inflicted on the wretch-
ter in the “ Art of Love" advises ladies ed culprit by a female brought up to this
Dot to behave with petulence and cruelty employment, and kept for that particular
to slaves, while at the toilette, if their purpose. In this case, they were im-
lover happens to be present:-
inediately seized, without mercy, and
bound, by their twisted hair, to a door-
But no spectators e'er allow to pry,
post or a pillar, and lashed on their bare
Till all is finish'd, which allures the eye.
backs, with thongs cut from ox-hides, or
Yet, I must own, it oft affords delight,
To have the fair one comb her hair in sight;
knotted cords, till the mistress pro-
To view the flowing honours of her head,
nounced the word “ Enough!" or "Go!"
Fall on her neck, and o'er her shoulders
A scene of this kind is delineated by
spread.
the Roman satirist, Jurenal, with such
But let her look, that she with care avoid energy and expression, as not to leave
All fretful humours while she's so employ'd; the slightest doubt of its truth. He
Let her not still undo, with peevish haste, says, of one of these ladies, “ With ty-
All that her woman does, who does her best, rannic fury she storms and rages in the
I hate a vixen, that her maid assails, palace, as did formerly the despots of
And scratches, with her bodkin or her nails, Sicily. If she has privately received a
While the poor girl in blood and tears must letter from her lover: if she has made
mourn,
an assignation to meet him in the gar-
And her heart curses what her hands adorn.
den of Cæsar, or in the shady grove of
And in one of his love-elegies, in favouring Isis, the trembling Psecas en-
which he praises the beautiful hair of ters, with dishevelled hair, and naked
his Corinna, the poet expressly men- to the waist, to arrange the head-dress
tions, as a proof of her sensibility and of her mistress. Ha!' why is that
tenderness, that the slave who dressed lock too high?' and the scourge instantly
her hair, had never been thus barbar- punishes the atrocious crime. And
ously treated.-" Thy hair was soft and what fault has Psecas committed ? Is
pliable," says he, “ bending into a thou- she to blame because the mirror shews
sand forms. Never did it give thee pain an ugly pimple on the nose of her rigid
while dressing : nor did the pin or thc mistress? Yet Psccas must bleed for it.
teeth of the comb ever pull it out. Your A second trembling slave takes her
maid never suffered while she was dress- place, and curls and plaits the Domina's
ing it, for this operation was often per- ringlets. Next to her stands an old
formed in my presence ; yet never did woman, who was once expert at dress-
the arm of your Cypassis betray anying hair, but is now removed to the dis-
marks of wounds from the hair-pins." taff. She first gives her opinion, and
Sometimes the mirror itself, which after her the other slaves, who form an
first betrayed the neglect of the trem- extensive circle, are heard according to
bling hair-dresser, was thrown at the their age and dignity of office. A trial
head of the culprit. Marshal describes for life and death could not be held with
a scene of this kind in the epigram ad- more solemnity than this consultation
dressed to Lalage, under which name upon the head-dress of the lady, which
he addresses one of these female furies is mounted up, story after story, into a
at the toilette: “ Of all her ringlets of formidable tower.”
her head-dress, one only slipped from What a revolting scene! but we shall
under the pin. Lalage throws the mir- not think it improbable, if we recollect
ror, which betrays her tliis mischance, at what modern travellers, and eye-wit-
her unfortunate attendant. She tears her nesses, have related concerning the la-
hair, till at length the unfortunate Ple- dies of the north, who inflict the most
cusa falls beneath redoubled blows at her painful punishments on the female at-
feet. Cease, Lalage, to adorn your tendants for the slightest offences : or
mischievous hair ; let not the hand of a how the unfeeling Creoles maltreat their


116
[March 1,
Sabind.
negro slaves in the West Indies, almost and to remove the excrescences at the
without any provocation. From all sides (reduvie) with the greatest care.
that we already know of our Donna In this particular the females of anti-
Sabina, she was capable of renewing quity possessed the most delicate sense
such a scene at her toilette as often as of beauty and propriety. A fine finger
the least cloud of ill humour threw a and a handsome nail might well be
gloom over her brow; and it was, per- reckoned among the thirty beauties,
haps, owing only to the dexterity and which, according to the celebrated Latin
attention of Cypasis, and to the welcome poem of the Italian, Giovanne Nerizano,
visit of the flower-woman, Glykerion, that were observed in Helen, the most beau-
the Donna was this day rather milder and tiful of mortals. The females of ancient
better tempered than usual. And yet I Greece and Rome never forgot to place
am under some concern for poor Latris, a long, soft, and tapering finger among
whosc office it is to hold the mirror the indispensable requisites of beauty ;
Though the hair dressers have with and as Minerva afforded them the model
drawn to give place to another class of at- of the finest hand, so that of the finest
tendants on the toilette, yet she is not re finger was furnished by Diana, the
lieved from her tiresome employment.* youngest of all the fair goddesses. To
The procession of the knights through this belonged also a regular polished
tho Via Sacra does not allow Sabina nail, exhibiting the colour of a delicate
sufficient time to bathe ; she is there- carnation. The master of the “ Art of
fore obliged to have an operation per- Love" does not fail to give his docile
formed at her toilette which usually pupils some instructions on this head :-
took place at the bath, namely, that of " Whose fingers are too fat, and nails too
cutting and polishing the nails of her
coarse,
fingers and toes. Carmion was the “ Should always shun much gesture in dis-
name of the slave who performed this
course."
office at the bath with such peculiar
The last verse gives a delicate hint at
skill as to afford perfect satisfaction to the reason why so great a value was set
her mistress. With extreme care she on handsome fingers and nails. Gesti.
takes Sabina's hand, cuts and polishes culation was then employed as an ac-
the nails, one after another, with a small
coinpaniment to discourse, a custom
co
pair of silver tongs and a knife, which which is still preserved in Italy and
were formerly used instead of our scissars; Greece. It was reduced within the
she then commences the same operation rules of art, and was considered a prin-
on the toes.
cipal portion of the art of dancing, or
It is necessary to observe, that in an- cheironomia. The ancients could make
cient times no person, who made any themselves understood without words,
pretensions to elegance and opulence, by the mere motion of the fingers, and
would condescend to cut his own nails; perfectly designate what we are accus-
those who could not keep slaves for this tomed to express by numbers.
purpose went to a barber's:shop to have A finger so communicative and so elo-
their nails cut. Horace, ia one of his quent was naturally expected to possess
most humorous letters, mentions a sin- beauty, and hence the attention to their
gular cxception to this rule, in the per propriety and neatness, up to the very
son of a public crier, “ who cut his nails tip of the nail; especially as the females
himself in the shop of a barber."
of those days were not acquainted with
Ladies of distinction, however, kept the use of cloves, so admirably adapted
slaves who had received regular instruc-
r instruc- to conceal a number of defects. The
tion in the art, to perforin this office custom of wearing gloves, which, from
with the utmost dexterity; a principal
an extravagant love of dress, disguises
part of their business was to prevent the
among us the most beautiful hands and
appearance of backbiters (paronychia), arms, even at table and in the dancing.
room, had not yet penetrated into the
* Many an imperious lady, even at the
present day, takes particular delight in This art, to which weare utter strangers,
keeping her servants, for half an hour toge- and which Cicero mentions by the general
ther, in the most uppleasant positions. Let appellation, argutias digitorum, is still prac-
the reader but recollect the lady-author, who tised by the females in the harems of the
used to write at night, made one of her East, and likewise by the deaf and dumb.
chambermaids hold the ink-stand; and The ladies of antiquity were perfect mis-
obliged the poor creature to remain in that tresses of this language of the fingers, as
* posture, even when she herself was over appears from various passages of erratic
powered by sleep
writers.


1819.]
117
Sabina.
southern regions of Europe from the concern, the symptoms of a swelling wen
cold regions of the north, where the on her neck, and therefore immediately
batives are obliged to muffle themselves resolved to make trial of this sympathe-
up in furs and the skins of animals. tic remedy. She called Latris, who was
'Hence arose the extreme care bestow. now standing unemployed, and ordered
ed by the ancients on the preservation her carefully to collect the parings which
of handsome fingers and nails; and to had dropped upon the floor, and to put
this cause was probably owing the in- them into a little box that lay on the
rention of rings, which were originally table.
intended in the East for keeping the Poor Latris, who was not just then
fingers small and delicatet. Hence the expecting any commission, and whose
frequent use of various kinds of juices, mind was occupied with the recollection
herbs, and mineral powders, for re- of the happy days of her youth which
moving the unseemly ruggedness and she had passed at Ephesus, was so start-
escrescences of the nails. A whole col. led at the rough tone in which she was
lection of recipes of this kind may be abruptly called by Sabina, that she let
found in the natural history of Pliny fall not the mirror but the case, on the
alone. When all this is taken into con- outstretched foot of her mistress. For.
sideration, it will not appear surprising tunately Carmion had not yet applied
that a Roman lady of distinction should the knife to the first nail ; nevertheless
commit the care of her nails as a parti- a treinendous tempest collected over the
cular duty to one of her slaves, and that head of the unfortunate slave ;
this office should be regarded as one of As when with crackling flames a cauldron
the principal departments at the toilette. fries,
Carnion had just done cutting the The bubbling waters from the bottom rise;
finger-nails of Sabina, and had rubbed Above the brim they force their fiery way:
them with a sponge dipped in vinegar, Black vapours climb aloft and cloud the day.
and was just going to commence the So Donna Sabina springs with a loud
same operation on those of the toes, scream from her seat, and, without stop-
when Sabina recollected that she had a ping to call the female executors of her
few days before been informed by a Jew will, revenges herself with
doctor, that it is possible to get rid of
those in-
struments which the wild inhabitants of
any corporeal disorder, and to transfer it the forest employ to vent their rage on
to another, by mixing up the parings of each other-nails, fists, and teeth*.-
the nails with wax, and sticking it against Luckily the former, the most natural
the door-post of the strangers. She
had for some time perceived, with great
The works of Seneca contain many
* The very name of gloves in the southern
horrible examples of the cruel treatment
languages of Europe, guante, guanto, gant,
ante aant, which slaves received from their masters, in
are derived from the northern word hand,
orthern" word hand the first emotions of their passion. One of
from which the language of the middle ages
the most remarkable passages on this sub-
made vanli, uantos.
ject is in Galen's treatise on the discovery
* In the East, where rings were origins and cure of our passions, in which he
ally invented, a small, delicate hand is still speaks of masters who in their rage at-
an essential requisite to beauty. We are tacked their slaves with teeth, fists, and feet,
told by Hodges, in his Travels in the East beat out their eyes, or scooped them out
Indies, that the hands of the Hindoos are de- with styles, which they used in writing. It
licately formed. like those of an elegant was thus that the Emperor Adrian treated
woman ; on which account the hilts of In-
one of his favourite slaves, who demanded
dian sabres are too small for the hands of of his master the eye of which he had de-
most Europeans.
prived him. In the same work Galen re-
I It should not be forgotten that the toes,
lates that he had a Xantippe of a mother,
even of the most elegant ladies, were com-
who used sometimes to bite her slaves, and
pletely exposed to view, as their sandals
was always quarrelling with his father.
Another example of one of these domestic
were merely fastened upon the foot with
ribbons, one of which passed between the
furies, is given by Chrysostom, in his Homi-
great toe and that next to it.
lies : “ The passengers," says he, “ hear
Pliny mentions this sympathetic cure
the raving of the mistress, and the howling
with parings of the nails, only for tertian
of the slave: she binds the girl, after strip-
and quartan levers : but it is only reasonable ping her naked, to the feet of her sofa,
to sopose, that superstition may have em, and then applies the scourge. The slaves,
ploved them to expel other disorders, as when they accompany their mistress to the
wonderful things have been related concern bath, expose to public view their backs
ing their use in magic, &c. Thus it was streaming with blood from these flagella-
not permitted to cut the nails on a holiday tions,"


118
Description of Trinidad and the Mouths of the Orinoco. (March 1,
weapons, had just been cut: but several voyage, than a first sight of Trinidad;
blows with the clenched fists on the face which rises close to the Mouths of the
of the wretched Latris *, were followed Orinoco, forming a kind of natural bank,
by a stream of blood from her nose and as if it was intended by a superior
mouth, which instantly mingled with agency to check the impetuosity of that
the red juice of the pastils which Sabina Inighty river's currents, when precipi-
had spit in her face. The sight of blood tated into the Western Ocean.
only serves to render the tiger still “The form of this island is that of
more savage; and the bosoin of the slave an oblong square, which Spanish geo-
had certainly suffered, had not a most graphers have frequently compared to
ludicrous scene, which unexpectedly a bullock's hide: it is about sixty miles
presented itself, dissipated the passion in length, and forty-five broad; covering
of Sabina.
a surface of forty-two thousand square
miles. Trinidad' is separated from the
Continent by the Gulf of Paria, extend-
DESCRIPTION OF TRINIDAD, AND THE ing ninety miles west, and from 40 to 50
MOUTHS OF THE ORINOCO. in breadth, the channel of the Orinoco,
MR. EDITOR,
called Cano de Padernales, together with
AS the struggle for South American several other openings, all running in a
independence, which has continued to af- northern direction, and forming nu-
Alict one of the most prolific quarters of the merous little islands, throw a part of
globe so many years, seems to be happily its waters into the gulf, while two
drawing towards the period when that larger ones, usually denominated the
immense continent will be thrown open Mouths of the Orinoco, convey them to
to the commercial spirit and unshackled the great Western Ocean farther south,
industry of the old world, particularly and close to the southern extremity of
our own portion of it; nothing calculated Trinidad:
to illustrate the geography or resources “ The above group of small islands
of such a highly interesting region, can have been evidently formed by the ac-
be unacceptable to the British public. I cumulation of sand and other materials
therefore venture to send you some at the river's mouth; and though inun-
account of TRINIDAD and the Mouths dated during the rainy season, they are
of the Orinoco, taken from a late covered with palm and cocoa-nut trees,
French traveller, M. Lavaysse, whose which furnish the inhabitants not only
work, published not long since at Paris, with food, beverage, and a bark that is
throws considerable light on the natural converted into cloth, but also a constant
riches and commercial advantages of supply of wood for making their canoes,
VENEZUELA, destined, it is hoped, to furniture, &c. The existence of this
be shortly brought into useful activity. most singular tribe, called the GUA-
Whenever this desirable event takes Raoüns, seems to be, in fact, attached
place, it requires no great sagacity to to the family of Palms, as the fate of
foretell, that TRINIDAD must become certain birds and butterflies is to some
one of the greatest colonial entrepôts particular tree or flower.
in our possession.
“Even the habitations of these people
« There is probably no part of the are constructed on the very tops of
new world,” observes M. Lavaysse," that their favourite trees, which are pro-
presents a more picturesque or refresh- fusely scattered over the islands. This
ing spectacle to the traveller, exhausted novel mode of building is performed as
by the wretched monotony of a sea follows: having selected a group where
the plants grow closest to each other,
* Even in the very mode in which they the branches of several are twisted to-
struck the slaves in the face, a refinement gether so as to form the floor, which is
in cruelty was displayed ; they struck them covered by their broad leaves, these are
with the knuckles of the clenched fist, which also employed on the roofs, sheltering
was considered as highly ignominious, and them alike from the inclemencies of the
suited only to slaves. Hence Seneca says,
season and burning rays of a vertical
“ You will find slaves would rather be
sun. When the labours of the day are
scourged tlan endure the disgrace of be-
closed, and the Guaraoün family cheer-
ing truck thus with the knuckley. The
fully ascends into its aëriał dwelling,
slares, hom their master thought fit to
punish in this manner, were sometimes
while the eanoes are fastened to one of
obliged to blow out their cheeks, and thus the trees: it would be difficult to conceive
present them, that the unkind fist might a more curious or interesting object.
strike without running the risk of hurting These Indians, of whom there may be
itself!
altogether about ten thousand, are ro.


1819.)
119
Description of Trinidad and the Mouths of the Orinoco.
bust, well made, and much less indolent mountains of Bergantin, and the Mesas,
than the other savages of South Ame (small elevated plains,) of Amana, Gua-
rica, passionately fond of dancing, gay, nassa, and Tororo. The Guarassiche
sociable, and extremely hospitable. They is from forty to sixty fathoms deep at its
are not distinguished by the same degree confluence with the Arco, five leagues
of taciturnity as their neighbours; even from the sea; while the last named
their language, when compared to that stream has a depth of sixteen fathoms
of the latter, is infinitely more soft and at Port St. John, twenty-five leagues
harmonious, as well as richer in ter- from the coast.
minations. The Guaraoüns are excel- “Antiquaries and orientalists were no
lent fishers, and keep dogs not unlike doubt surprised to have found Cumana,
those of the European shepherd: no- and other words of Greek derivation, in
thing can exceed their attachment to common use amongst the natives of this
these animals, whom they are always wild region, long previous to the arrival
caressing, and whose gratitude is shown of Europeans; and the word Paria,
no less by fidelity than usefulness, in as- which signifies a despised and persecuted
sisting their masters to catch fish amongst cast in the new world, as well as at
the shallows, watching their little pro- Hindostan.
perty, &c. The export trade of these “ There are few spots in South Ame-
islanders consists of fish, nets, ham- rica more fertile or salubrious than the
mocks, and baskets. They are at peace beautiful vallies west of Cape Paria; the
with all the world, not excepting the coast, which abounds in fish, is but thinly
oppressive Spanish government, which inhabited by some Indian tribes, and a
has long since abandoned the project of few French revolutionary emigrants,
subjugating them. I have had many together with some families whose po-
opportunities of observing this little litical opinions have obliged them to quit
community, and while amongst the Tobago, Grenada, and Trinidad. The
happy Guaraoüns, often thought my- formation of their new establishment
self transported back to the days of As- need not, however, be matter of regret,
trea. Their society exhibits one conti- as they are all in a most flourishing
nued scene of peace, abundance, gaiety, condition at present.
and concord: how frequently have I “Ships coming from Europe and the
regretted that former recollections, and Windward Islands, should make Trinidad
the social habits of early life, would not near Port Cuevas, some leagues east of
admit of my passing the remainder of the Boccas, so as to prevent their get.
my days amongst them ! but they are ting too far leeward, and thus miss their
the only savages who ever inspired me passage through that of the Asses or
with that desire.
Ships; for it seldom happens they can
“ The eastern mouth of the Orinoco enter by the other, called the passage of
was called that of the Serpent by Co the Eggs. When, either through want
lumbus, and is about three leagues wide. of precaution, or a scant wind and strong
Not far from the centre between Tri- current, ships cannot enter the weather
nidad and the continent, there is a small passage, they are forced to go in through
islet, only frequented by marine birds, the large channel, by which great diffi-
the amazing flocks of which absolutely culty is afterwards experienced in beat-
darken the surrounding horizon, both ing up to Port Spain.
at sun-rise, and when it sets. The “ T'he scenery at the entrance of this
northern outlets from the Gulf of Paria, gulf is both varied and magnificent. Let
called Las Boccas del Drago, or Dra. The reader figure to himself a river in
gon's Mouths, are formed by four islands, front, to which the largest of those in
placed nearly at equal distances between Europe are mere rivulets! its mighty
Trinidad and Cape Paria on the conti- waters rushing tumultuously into the
nent. Such is the name given to a long sea, and disputing the empire of the
neck of land projecting eastward towards gulf with that boisterous element; far
the above island, and which forms the to the west are seen the blue mountains
northern barrier of the gulf. It is also of Cumana, rising in splendid majesty
the point where the province of Guay- from the bosom of a transparent horizon:
ana commences: this is separated from approaching the western shore of Trini-
Cumana, or New Andalusia, by the dad numerous vallies and plains, covered
Guarassiche, which is not a branch of by an eternal verdure, are presented to
the Orinoco, as it was once thought. the eye : drawing nearer to the beach,
This fine river is formed by various you are charmed with the endless diver-
streams that have their sources in the sity of the scene; meandering streams


1:20
Culloden Anecdotes.
[March 1,
watering the highly cultivated planta- belong to the person whose pame I shall
tions. A singular and often grotesque write upon the paper in which they will
assemblage of blacks, copper colour, and be inclosed, till the weather gives me an
whites, animates the landscape; while opportunity of getting value for them in
innumerable canoes, plied by Caribs, In- cash. Now, colonel, my speech is made,
dians, and Guaraoüns, are scattered and I am all attention to your's."
about the gulf, the slaves are seen at Colonel Stewart resumed his own
their various agricultural labours, which story.
are frequently enlivened by the song “I strained my ankle near a lonely,
they were taught on the banks of the shealing (hut), and lay prostrate, while
Niger or Joliba. Extending your view Mr. H. went to ask shelter for an ill-
towards the woods, groups of monkeys starred stranger: but I inay call my.
are observed leaping from tree to tree, self lưcky indeed to have my friend with
or suspended by their tails from the me. He was very nearly taken by three
branches, looking upwards; numerous soldiers,' while asleep, the preceding
flocks of birds enrich the prospect, no week: we then saw the necessity for
less hy their numbers, than the way. keeping watch alternately, as each in
nificence and beauty of their plumage; turn yielded to the indispensable re.
while the shore constantly re-echoing freshment of nature; and to this acci-
the notes of some, and the shrieks of dent I owed having help at hand, vben
others. On the right, and farther north, no longer able to help myself. Day-
is a fine range of lofty mountains, whose light was just appearing. The good
summits are covered with the finest trees woman to whom Ilamilton applied was
of the tropical climate ; and, raising its opening her wattled door; and by his
proud head above the rest, the palm looks comprehending, at once, that a
attracts the electric fluid, forcing the poor refugee was in distress, though she
clouds to deposit their waters at its did not understand one word of English,
base, whence they are precipitated in she followed me to the spot where her
torrents, or form cascades and rivulets supplicant left me. She seemed rejoiced
to fertilize the adjacent plains.*
when I spoke in her native tongue; and
Thus it appears, that the Gulf of as my case was desperate, I was obliged to
Paria is formed by the western shores confide to her our names, and our peril.
of Trinidad and the opposite one of Cu. In all our wanderings, we have preferred
mana; nor is there any part of it in applying to the gentler sex. They never
which ships may not ride in perfect rejected us; and if they could contribute
safety throughout the year: the depth in providing for our safety, after sepa-
is generally from three to ten fathoms, rating from them, we found they had a
and the anchoring ground almost un- quick and clear perception of the means,
equalled."
and sympathy to stimulate their exer-
If to the above account be added that tions, and to render them effectual.
of Baron de Humboldt, the celebrated Even ladies, who were keen partizans
Prussian traveller, who has surveyed a of the house of Hanover, spared peither
considerable part of the Orinoco, proving trouble nor expense in our behalf."
that ships of a large size may ascend “ They proved their enlightened lov.
more than four hundred miles from its alty," said Mr. Gordon. “Our humane
mouths, through one of the richest sovereign and his ministers must make
countries in the world, some idea may examples, if the unfortunate adherents
be formed of what this quarter is likely of the other cause fall into their hands;
to become under liberal institutions and but they are aware how unpopular is
an increased population.
E. B. severity; and the general sense of the
Jan. 4th, 1819.
nation favours the escape of unfortunate
gentlemen and their followers so warmly,
CULLODEN ANECDOTES.
that I trust in God all who are now in
(Continued.)
the British dominions may arrive un-
“ BEFORE you make auricular con-
molested in foreign countries.".
fession, Colonel Stewart," said Mr. Gor-
" Amen! Mr. Gordon," said the la-
don, smiling, “ let me settle my point.
point dies; “ though we shall regret the ab-
Life is precarious, even to an iron frame
sence of some very agreeable friends."
such as mine; and, if I die, those rings
“A sombre hue overspread every
countenance; and Mr. Grant, who was
* The curious fact of this tree's acting always a promoter of cheerfulness, said:
as a powerful electric conductor is illustrated “It is neither kind nor well-bred to leave
by M. de Humboldt,
Colonel Stewart disabled and sprawling


1819.)
121
Culloden Anecdotes.
on the heather, while we talk of politics. once a week to the low grounds for
Come, John Roy, be manfully consistent meal, salt, and other requisites. She
with your former deeds of heroism, and came home earlier than usual, the day
extricate yourself from the ants and ad- before we left the shealing. Hamilton
ders that might have devoured you since had fallen asleep, and I happened to
we commenced our digression. I hope mention to our nymph, that now I was
the widow was young and handsome, and able to walk, and we must no longer
full of tender pity.'
tax her mother's hospitality. She burst
" The widow might have been hand- into a flood of tears. I took her hands
some thirty years ago; and if a mind to reason with her ;-and, I am ashamed
infinitely superior to her station, could to say, forgot reason so far myself, as to
preserve and adorn the features of youth, draw her upon my knee. Her mother
she would be still beautiful as Venus, opened the door, and in a voice of agony,
and blooming as Hebe. She told me the said:
cattle were pasturing near her cottage; Are the prince's men to destroy all
but, if I would wait a little, she should that are dear to me? I never told you,
send the herds out of view, and get me that one of my sons was killed by your
removed, without giving room for any sus- people in the south country, and the
picion. The shealing belonged to a gen- other fell at the battle of Culloden. I
tleman; her daughter and herself had never told you, as it might seem a re-
the care of the dairy; they could lodge proach, and perhaps make you uneasy,
us where they kept the milk, and no with doubts of my zeal to keep you froin
one but themselves had a right to enter the King's men. Oh! you little know,
that house. When the cattle and their and I never will explain, all I have suf-
keepers were out, we could come to the fered since I lost my sons. This girl
fire in the shealing; and she was sure was my only comfort. I always sent
the old gentleman, her master, would her to the Strath, till you came ; but
not be angry, though he should come to she was so young-so merry-so much
know all she undertook for us. How- a stranger to guile, she might meet some
ever, she would keep our secret from cunning one, that would draw from her
him as long as possible; and no other a hint which should bring you into dan-
mortal should ever share it. The widow ger. I never yet sent man, woman, or
had a daughter not sixteen. One child away--but you know what you
would not call her pretty, but her sport- should do to set me at ease-if ease can
ive vivacity, her winning, sweet simpli- come after the dart you have fixed in
city might make her an object of atten- my breast. My girl is not fit to be your
tion among many girls. Here she created wife ; but she is too good to be less
the sole interest; and, accustomed to than wife to your chief.
treat all the fair with gallantry, I sung to “The poor girl ran out whenever her
her Gaelic songs; whilst, in the absence mother appeared. I allowed the good
of her mother, she hastened, by rubbing, woman to vent her feelings without in-
the cure of my ankle. She had laughing, terruption; and the rapid vehemence
sparkling blue eyes, which she complained of her language awoke Hamilton. He
were often weak and watery. I told her says I looked very foolish, and I believe
that if she would plait her long curling it. When the widow ceased speaking,
vellow Jocks, and confine them with a she turned to go away. I begged her
Highland garter, her eyes would reco- to hear me ; assured her I had never by
ver, by the daily use of cold ablution. word or action injured her daughter,
I plaited her hair till she learnt to be and would spill the last drop of my blood
her own dresser; and I had a pair of to chastise any man that insulted her.”
fine many-coloured garters, woven and Is it no injury to make a poor young
presented to me by a good woman in thing so fond of you, that she sits upon
Badenoch, for braiding her tresses. I your knee, and hides her face in your
asked her to accept them, and wished bosom?'
they had been ribbons for her sake. Her “I replied that I hoped her tears
mother never shewed any displeasure, were only in compassion for the dangers
and Hamilton was not less assiduous to which Hamilton and I must be expos-
than 1, in testifying gratitude for the ed after our departure. I repeated all I
services of both our entertainers. He had said to her, and asked if many a
could not indeed talk to either, but he modest amiable girl had not sat upon a
possessed the power of bestowing gifts, man's knee at weddings, at christenings,
which I had not. The old woman went and on many other occasions ?"
NEW MONTHLY MAG,--No. 62.
VOL. XI.


122
[March 1,
Culloden Anecdotes.
• There is a great difference between head Mr. and Mrs. Grant felt the same
that and such secret freedoms,' said the delicacy, which, in respect to Mr. Hamil-
widow.
ton, had formerly perplexed Mrs. Gor-
"I could only say I was grieved be- don. Mr. Gordon urged that there was
yond expression for the fault of inadvert- no time for punctilios of hospitality,when
ence, and begged she would throw all life was the stake. He would stay till
the blame on me – not upon her daugh- evening; he would then go with M.Donald
ter. I explained to Hamilton, briefly, to liberate the inmates of the den, and
the contre-temps which made it necessary lay before them the intimations on
for us to be gone. He agreed, and I in- which he grounded bis opinion. Mr.
formed the widow that we were just about Grant accompanied him, and a journey
to bid her farewell. She would not assent southward was resolved. The ladies
to our moving off while the lads were were alarmed and distressed when in-
awake, and at her earnest request we formed of the purposed migration. Mr.
waited their going to bed. The widow Gordon said he would be the pioneer on
loaded us with bread and cheese, and their march. Finlay M.Donald should
guided us several miles- pointing out go with him, to be in readiness for re-
the unfrequented paths-or where we turning with notice, if he perceived any
could venture to ask for lodging. She danger for the travellers, who were to
would not accept the trifles we had to follow at the distance of a few miles.
offer; and I am sure all the friends that Mr. Hamilton expressed the most lirely
hear me will allow, I am bound to make gratitude for Mr. Gordon's proposal,
her the only remuneration in my power, and for all the care and kindness he ex-
by disposing of the rings. I shewed perienced from Mrs. Gordon. The fa-
them to Mr. Grant for that purpose last mily at Glenmore had laid him under ob-
week, but as he seldom goes to town, he ligations of a magnitude he could feel -
declined the trust. Mr. Gordon goes but had no power to utter; and he was
often, and I feel relieved of a load in deeply sensible that all who concerned
making this small atonement to the wor- themselves with his fate, had incurred
thy widow. These rings were gifts from anxiety, fatigues, and risks, he berer
two ladies, presented to me with great hoped to be able, in any adequate man-
delicacy, as tokens of regard. I knew ner, to repay. John Roy thanked Mr. H.
more than empty compliment was in- for enunciating the impressions, which,
tended. The ladies had not ready cash though they penetrated to his heart's
to supply my future wants, and they core and would indelibly remain there,
gave the jewels that I might convert he could not have clothed in phrase so
them into inoney."
forcible and appropriate. Mr. Gordon
This is a simple story, but it does hon attended the fugitives four days journey,
nour to human nature, and ought not to on foot, through unfrequented paths
be lost in oblivion. The writer does not covered with snow, and they always
pretend to repeat it, nor any of the pre- lodged in the same house at night, where
vious dialogues verbatim--but the spirit Mr. Gordon and M Donald watched in
of each incident, and of every sentiment, turns, as Mr. H. and John Roy slept.
has been faithfully preserved. To the So long as John Roy lived he wrote to
eloquent pathos and energy of the wiMr Grant Glenmore in a figurative style,
dow's expostulation, po translated lan- which only his confidants understood.
guage could give equivalent force. When He experienced the characteristic thank-
first repeated in Gaelic, it drew tears lessness of the Stewart race, and his
from the writer, and the gentleman who high spirit, which nerer would bend un-
recited the words he himself heard from der personal hardship or danger, preyed
John Roy, affirmed, that every eye upon his health, when he found his suf-
glistened, and that John Roy's voice ferings excited little sympathy in those
was stified by emotion as he spoke. for whom they were endured. Similar
In a few days Mr. Gordon returned sacrifices were made by hundreds of
to Gleninore, early in the forenoon, to Britons, and they all bitterly repented
coinmunicate some intelligence from a their temerity. It was not merely the
correspondent at Edinburgh, which he defeat of their army they had to be.
considered as a caveat to the unfortunate moan-the negligence of the court of
gentlemen, that before a milder season St. Germaines, and of Versailles, “shar-
favoured a renewal of the military per than the serpent's tooth, stung
movements in search of fugitives, they their hearts. For ever expatriated, they
ought to proceed to the nearest sea-ports, dwelt with anguish upon recollections
and enibark for the Continent. On this of the disinterested exertions, the incor-


1819.) The Advantages and Disadvaniages of Machineryuery.
. 123
ruptible fidelity of all classes in their own of the principle of motion, which the
country, to which they owed their escape steam of boiling water supplies to the
to foreign shores. Su reluctant were mechanical industry of England, we have
many outlaws to leave their native wilds been particularly struck with viewing
So entire was their confidence in the its operations in a manufactory for
people, that they preferred dwelling in making cards, for the purpose of carding
caves within the beloved soil- they pre- or dressing cotton. It was at Man-
ferred a continual hazard of life in those chester, nearly two hundred miles from
boundaries; and not a few returned from London, that we were witness to this
France and Holland to expire, and to be wonderful process. As the carding ma-
buried with their ancestors.
chine is an article of great importance
One chieftain spent nine years among in the manufactory of cotton yarns-
bis vassals after the retreat from Cullo and as this city is the great emporium
den. Scores, of all ranks in his domain, for works of that peculiar nature, it can-
knew his haunts, and all were incessant. not but be regarded as a great national
ly alert to collect and to communicate undertaking, and as deserving of public
information of approaching danger.- notice.
The most sagacious and intrepid, consti- These cards are metallic brushes, co-
tuted a self-elected band, which in divi. vering the whole surface of the large
sions watched by rotation at night, cylinders in rapid motion, between which
whenever the search for outlaws became the raw cotton is disentangled, smoothed,
more rigorous than common.
and gradually combed, by the effect of
If these recollections of the olden their rotatory movement, and this, com-
time are acceptable, I shall send here- bined with the action of the brushes,
after some account of the calamities en- (cards) finally gives to the cotton the
dured by other adherents of the Pre- form of a light and semi-transparent
tender. It cannot be denied that, among cylinder, reads to enter into the twisting
these, there were instances of individual machines, used to convert it into yarn
attachment seldom equalled in ancient of the degree of fineness required. The
or modern history. Captain M-Ken- perfection of the varn essentially de,
zie, a youth not two and twenty, after pends on that of the preliminary opera-
months of sufference, lurking in Stratha- tion of the card.
rick was beset by an ensign's command These cards are of different degrees
of soldiers. Six faithful followers were of fineness: the pattern which we have
within call, and with admirable presence before us, and which we saw made, con-
of mind, M.Kenzie summoned them in tains 729 wires or points in a square
a loud voice to defend their prince. He inch, each four lines in length, including
was remarkably like Charles in his coun- the thickness of the leather throuen
tenance and figure, and hoped by this which the wires are fixed; always two
heroic self-devotion to favour the safe by two, because the wire of which they
embarkation of the royal wanderer, are made, having been bent double in
when it should be believed he had al- the form of the letter U, each length of
ready paid the forfeit of his rash expe- the wire affords two points, which are
dition. It is even asserted that in despe- placed together in two holes prepared
rately combating against superior force, in the leather to receive them. These
MKenzie studied to expose his face points are afterwards bent a little in the
to their weapons, to prevent minute in middle of their length, to give them a
spection of his corpse, from ascertaining slight inclination in the direction in
his true identity. When covered with which they are to act as brushes.
wounds, he received a mortal thrast, he Contrivances more or less ingenious,
exclaimed, “ Villains, you have shed have long existed, to prepare and bend
blood royal!"
the wires, and to bore the holes in the
If ever an offence against truth in the leather to receive them; but a slow and
dying hour could be venial, “ the record- delicate action of the hand was always
ing angel surely dropped a tear" on this necessary to convert them into cards.
transgression, “and blotted it out for We consulted Dr. Henry, of Manches-
ever."
B. G. ter, respecting what was most curious
in the manufactures of this city. He
ON THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVAN- mentioned, without hesitation, the ma-
TAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE chine for making cards, belonging to Mr.
OF MACHINERY IN MANUFACTORIES. Dvers; and Mr. Dalton, the celebrated
BY PROFESSOR PICTET. .
natural philosopher, who resides in the
AMONG the innumerable applications same city, having had the kindness to


124
[March 1,
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Machinery.
introduce us to the proprietor of this composed, by a series of operations, some
fine establishment. We were received successive, some simultaneous, as fol-
there with all the cordiality, which lows:-
seems to us, at present, to characterise 1. A pair of pincers, which holds the
the great manufacturers in England; iron wire towards the extremity, brings
far from showing the least uneasiness at it laterally in sufficient quantity, so that
our questions, Mr. Dyers anticipated all when cut by a pair of scissars, the end
the explanations that we could desire, may be of the length proper for the
with the utmost kindness.
double point, which it is to make, after
Two vast work rooms, one over the it has been bent into the shape of the
other, contain each thirty machines to letter U.
make cards, all moved by one steam-en. 2. The machine seizes this end, and
gine of ten-horse power; this power, bends it in an instant like a square ; that
besides the sixty machines which it sets is, angular, and not rounded ; · which
in motion-besides the action of the renders the two joints perfectly equal
drawing plates, which extend the iron and parallel, and ready to enter together
wire-besides the preparation of the into the leather, with their whole
bands of leather, which require the length.
greatest precautions to give them a per- 3. While this is doing, an awl, with
fect equality of thickness, this machine two very fine points, divided from each
has still some power to spare: the pro- other by an interval equal to that of the
prietor lets out this surplus to his neigh- two points, is pushed against the leather,
bours, by means of horizontal beams, and makes, through and through, two
which proceed from his manufactory, and holes, of the proper size, and at the
act in theirs, for the benefit of various right distance to receive the two points
branches of industry.
when they are pushed into them by the
On entering the work-room of Mr. machine.
Dyers, you are a little stunned with the 4. These two points are placed in the
noise of thirty machines in motion at leather, so that the bottom of the U
one time; each of which manufactures remains on one side, and the two points
a card. No human being interferes: project on the other side, as far as is
two young girls walk up and down with necessary for the thickness of the card.
their arms across, and when any of the 5. The two points receive toge-
reels which supply each machine with ther a slight curve towards the middle
iron wire, is nearly empty, they sub- of their length, in order that their se-
stitute another that is full; this is all cond half may have the degree of in-
their labour; it requires neither ap- clination which has been found necessary
prenticeship nor skill, nor a sedentary for the better action of the card.
posito, injurious to the health.
A series of effects so various, and
Each ni chine, seen at a distance, re executed with a precision which may
sembles in sone degree a stocking frame, be said to be absolute, would be alone a
both in the genera: form and the rattling fine mechanical result, if the same time
of the parts in actioni; but those parts was allowed to the machine, that a
are here more numerous, add the motion skilful band would take to produce
far more rapid and continued than in them; but what renders the result truly
the stocking frame. The following is admirable is, its astonishing prompti-
the series of the operations which tiig tude, added to the extreme precision of
machine performs:-
the effects. We have seen, with a watch
On the one part, the band of leather, in our hand, the machine make and put
of a lesser or greater breadth, which is in their places, 160 of these double
to receive the points of the card, is points, i. e. 320 single points in a minute;
stretched either vertically or horizon- and as some of those machines have the
tally, with its plane facing the machine, mechanisın double, and make two cards
and this band is put in motion, either at once, working as quickly as the single
from the bottom to the top, or from right ones, these latter make and place 640
to left, with the precise degree of quick- points per minute, that is more than ten
ness, or rather slowness, necessary for in one second of time! and the work is
it to receive regularly, the points which perfect: the specimens which I possess
the machine prepares, and puts in their are admired by all competent judges.
places,
The second room contains thirty si-
On the other part, a reel, at the milar machines, and the 60 convert
side of the apparatus, furnishes the every day, a length of 50 English miles
wire, of which those points are to be of iron wire into cards. It seemed to


1819.]
125
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Machinery.
us, that there would be sufficient to comes more complicated the more we
supply all England ; but Mr. Dyers told reflect upon it; and in order to see our
us, that he could scarcely supply the con- way a little clearly, we must draw up, as
sumption of the city of Manchester it were, an inventory of the good and
alone. The erection of each of those evil, to discover on which side is the ba-
machines costs only 1001. sterling. lance. We will endeavour to draw up a
We have omitted to say, that the summary statement of the account, be,
machine pierces the leather at pleasure, ginning with the advantages procured by
in various manners, either in rows per those motions, which substitute physi.
pendicular to its length, or in oblique cal or mechanical power for the hand
directions, in the form of a quincunx. of man.
We afterwards visited the work-room 1. These machines supply the con-
where the wire is drawn. Mr. Dyers sumers on better terms, and in general
pointed out to us that the cogs in teeth, better made, with certain necessary ar-
(engrenages) which make the pincers ticles; they multiply those of enjoyment,
act, are constructed on the principles of and sometimes of luxury or super,
Mr. White, that is to say, the direction fluity.
of the faces of the teeth is not 2. They enrich the inventors, or
parallel to the axis of rotation, but those who put in practice these inven-
oblique to that axis; this arrangement tions, in the countries where privileges
causes the catching of each tooth to or patents are in fashion. It is said, for
take place successively, from one ex- example, that Sir R. Arkwright, son of
tremity of the face to the other; this the inventor of the spinning machines,
produces much more smoothness and is at present one of the richest indivi-
equality in the movement of the catch- duals in England. His income is stated
ings, both circular and conical.
(but this is doubtless an exaggeration)
On perceiving the fineness of the wire at 200,0001. sterling per annum,
employed, and, consequently, the small- 3. The national wealth being prin-
ness of the holes in the drawing plates, cipally composed of that of individuals,
we expressed our astonishment, that ought to increase in the same propor
there could be awls sufficiently fine, and tion. The exportation of the goods,
at the same time sufficiently strong, to which are manufactured in quantities
pierce these holes in the thick and hard far too great for home consumption, be-
substance (steel) of these plates. Mr. comes an abundant source of commercial
Dyers had the kindness to shew us riches. This is the Creditor side of our
the process, by making one of his work account: let us proceed to the Debtor
men execute it in our presence. A side.
scruple checks the inclination we should 1. Every machine, which abridges
have in describing it; namely, lest we and perfects a manual work, takes it out
might be guilty of an indiscretion, as we of the hands of those who manufactured
are in doubt whether the process is it, and paralyzes them until the uncers
known elsewhere.
tain, and always more or less distant
Mr. Dyers does not pretend to be the epoch, when they shall find a new em-
inventor of the machine to make cards ployment, which will probably be taken
with; it came from America ; he has from them by a new machine, as soon
only improved it: and he draws from it as an inventor shall find his advantage
prodigious advantages.*
in it. Here, then, is a source of uneasis
When the admiration which arises ness, inquietude, and poverty, opened
from the sight of masterpeices of mecha- in the nation, simultaneously with the
nical ingenuity, such as those which we source of wealth to the inventor and
have just described, (and England con- those who shall trade with his produce
tains many others) when this impres. tions.
sion, we say, has a little subsided, and 2. The articles previously manufac-
we reflect on the consequences of the tured, of the kind of those wbich the
introduction of these machines into machine makes more perfect, becoming
human society, we are more alarmed of less value, experience in the maga
than rejoiced at it. The question be- zines of the wholesale and retail dealer,
a considerable depreciation, which causes
him a dead logs.
. Since this article was written, we have
seen cards made at Winterthur, in Switzer-
3. The advantage of obtaining, at a
laod, in the manufactory of Mr. Ziegler, lower price, certain articles of necessity
which are but little inferior to the cards of or enjoyment, which are produced by
which we are speaking; but they are not mechanical action, is more than balanced
entirely manufactured by a machine, for the poorer classes, by the general


126 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Machinery. [March 1,
fall of the price of labour, the constant support artificially this struggle of an
effect of the employment of machines. industry, which has taken a false direc-
The workman who gains little or no- tion, and which they persist in, substi-
thing, is unable to purchase even that tuting for such or such a natural species of
which is cheap.
industry, which would be favoured by the
4. The work of machinery being an soil, the climate, the localities, and pre-
advantageous substitute for manual skill, ceding habits, which had formed that
furnishes to the proprietor the tempta- commercial tract, which cannot be aban-
tion, and the unhappy power, to employ doned without more or less inconve-
children as supplementary machines : nience.
they are taken froin their education at Let as now examine our account.
the age most proper for education, and On the one side, a nation grows rich, or
to the great detriment of their consti- seems to grow rich: on the other side,
tution, both physically and morally con- a mass of evils of various kinds over-
sidered, they are converted, for their flows society. On which side is the
short lives, into pieces of mechanism, and balance ?-Certainly on the side which
into social machines of a very wretched is unfavourable to the general happiness,
description.
.. which is the natural averred object of
5. The rapid, and sometimes enor- every association.
mous production of the machine, and But let us examine a little closer the
the low price at which it works, induce apparent gain-the pretended prospe-
a considerable exportation of these pro- rity of the nation using machines.
ductions to the neighbouring nations. The wealth produced by manufactures
The latter persuade themselves, that the accumulates; but in the hands of an in-
money which they voluntarily employ considerable number of individuals, com-
in acquiring these foreign productions, paratively to the whole mass: the man en-
is a tribute levied on their own industry; riched by the machine employs his gains
their self-love is interested in attempting in multiplying the sources of his fortune;
imitations; they foolishly suffer them and the value of the manual labour of the
selves to be inoculated with the disease poor workman declines in the same pro-
of machinery, and the governments, far portion; hence the rupture of the
from endeavouring to cure it, generally equilibrium, between the two extreme
promote it, by attempting to relieve the classes of society, increases more and
patient, by the prohibitive system. more; the first sees its treasures in-
6. This system is established with its crease—the latter, its numbers and its
fatal train of consequences :--The arbi- misery. These two professions, so diver-
trary conversion of the most ordinary gent,' have a term which must inspire
and the most legitimate transactions of terror.
commerce, into misdemeanours and And if in the nation thus enriched,
crimes. The demoralization of the in- a radical defect in the legislation im-
habitants on two contiguous frontiers, poses on one part of the population the
by smuggling, the necessary and ineri. necessity of maintaining the other; then,
table consequence of the temptations to the causes of increasing poverty in
that are held out to it. An under the latter, which we have just pointed
hand war between nation and nation, out, is added the fatal and anti-laborious
in the midst of peace, and war main- influence of all these measures; whichi,
tained by a real and numerous army, preparing succour for indigence, what-
the impelling motive of which can never ever be its source, concur with idleness
be honour; and is almost always cupic and the want of education, and of re-
dity. Constraint, and hindrances with sources ready prepared, really to pro-
out end, in commercial, literary, and pagate this indigence, when it is intend-
scientific communications, in travels ored only to relieve it; then, in short, in
voyages calculated to extend knowproportion as the nation thinks it grows
ledge and the benefits of civilization; rich, the tax imposed on those riches
diminution of the welfare and the enjoy- increases in, perhaps, a still greater
ments of the mass of consumers, who proportion; and the rich and the poor
pay a higher price for an article, gene both suffer ; the former without saying
rally not so well manufactured :* lastly, so, or saying so only in whispers; the
great inconvenience to governments, to latter demanding succour with an im-
portunity which resembles menaces.
* This seems contradictory to the state-
That we may not be accused ei.
ment in No. 1, of the Creditor side of the ther of exaggeration, or of bringing
account,-ED.
forward an imaginary theory, we shall


1819.]
On the Conduct of Historians.
127
support it by a fact, which is acknow. character, Mr. Card and Mr. Adolphus
ledged and deplored in England. It is have been rarely surpassed. All this
the rapid augmentation of the poor- we may admit; but still there is one
rates, in proportion as the pretended point in which they have evinced a most
national wealth has increased. The extraordinary weakness, namely, in the
following is a statement of it at six dif- servility with which they have followed
ferent periods: the first interval is all the earlier bistorians, when describe
nearly a century; the others, are of ing the operations of war, or drawing
8, 18, 7 and 6 years, in the period when the character of those wretched maniacs
the employment of machinery was the commonly styled conquerors. Why
most actire.
have they not endeavoured, by plain
Account the Poor-Rates of England, solid reasoning, to divest men of their
from the year
attachment to the one, or attempted, by
1685- 665,362
well-applied ridicule, to cure them of
1776-1,7-20,316 interval of 91 years. their admiration of the other? It may
1781-2,167,749 interval of 8 years. be said, that neither reasoning or ridi-
1902–5,313,000 interval of 18 years. cule could produce such a change ; but
1803 -7,000,000 interval of 7 years. still, both, when moderately used, and
1815-8,164,196 interval of 6 years often repeated, might have a salutary
Number of persons relieved perma- effect. The spirit and the temper of the
nently on the average of three years, age seem to require, or rather to encou-
1813, 14, 15.
rage, the experiment. The world is
Out of the In the Occasionally gradual
gradually recovering from the effect of
Workhouse. Workhouse. Relieved.
those extraordinary revolutions which
423,678 93.14
123.158 have recently disturbed it; the people
Total number of paupers relieved
at large have found leisure for reflection;
939,977.
they are beginning at length to estimate
things by their actual value, and to fol-
ON THE CONDUCT OP HISTORIANS. low or retain only those that are really
AMONGST the writers of the pre- useful. Let some writer of talent now
sent day, there is one distinguishing come forward, and shew them from ex-
trait that adds considerably to their perience, and by argument, that heroes
merit, which is originality: many of are things which may be dispensed with;
them possess it in an eminent degree, and it is probable, that after some time
and even those who appear to want it most they may, like other neglected play-toys,
have learned to supply its place with an be remembered merely to be despised.
agreeable sort of affectation that has at The truth is, that both the ancient
least the air of singularity to recom- and modern historians attach too much
mend it. In almost every walk of lite- importance to those “ Pagod things of
rature, the spirit of the one or the other sabre sway ;" they stand at a distance
is now operating. Our pocts-our phi- and gaze on them with a vulgar wonder;
losophers-our dramatists--and even and then, as their fears or their preju-
our novelists, seem, in a greater or dices may infiuence them, they exbibit
less degree, to feel its intiuence. — them to the whole world as objects ei-
Amongst the historians it has not, as yet, ther of terror or of admiration : they
made its appearance ; at least in a con- place them at a point of elevation to
spicuous manner. In saying this, I am which they are by no means entitled.
far from endeavouring to underrate the The sovereign, when he takes the field
merit of those who are at present em through mere necessity, for the purpose
ploying their time and their talents on of defending the rights of his people, is
this important and very interesting spe- a character indeed truly respectable ;
cies of composition; amongst them there though still more respectable in peace;
are many whose names will be remocm- but the wanton invader, the busy, bust-
bered and esteemed as long as the lan- ling man of ambition, the mere noisy-in-
guage in which they liave written exists: flated trumpetting conqueror, who plun.
to name the peculiar excellence of each, ders for the sake of waste, and kills for
might, to some, appear unnecessary. the pleasure of spilling blood; he is, in
Mr. Belsham is remarkable for strength fact, a character really contemptible.
and clearness. Mr. Southey, in the few The only thing that can give him a mo-
historical speeches which he has written, mentary consequence is the power that
has exhibited a singular union of learn- he may unluckily possess, of doing mis-
ing and eloquence; and for correctness chief. Let the character be examined
of style and spirit in the delincation of more closely-he is one probably born


128
Singular Anecdote of a Dog.
[March 1,
to a throne; he is surrounded by flat- tion. This is an error which shoull be
terers, who at an early age fill his head guarded against; the names or the ac-
with the idea of his own extraordinary tions of such men should never be dwelt
capacity; at the proper period he is on with any appearance of peculiar in-
carefully taught all the regular modes of terest. The influence of religion, the
murder; he has money gathered for progress of the arts and sciences, and the
him, drawn either by force or by fraud changes, or fluctuations of public opi.
from his miserable dependants--a crowd nion, these are the objects that ought
of well-disciplined hirelings are collect- to engage the attention of the historian;
ed around him, some of them probably for it is on these, after all, more than on
attached to him, and more of them wil- the march of armies, or the issue of bat-
ling and ready to cut his throat, if an tles, that the fate of empires must de-
advantage was to be acquired by it. He pend. The people of the present age
looks around for an enemy, and where are already beginning to perceive the
shall he find one?-His neighbours are littleness of ambition; they are begin-
all of a pacific disposition-it matters ning to measure those pigmy bugbears
not, he must make enemies of them, by the true standard, and in such a cha-
Has he a right to plunder them ?-He racter, there is actually nothing to excite
asks not is it fair or just to massacre our wonder or our admiration : it implies
their defenceless subjects without any the possession of no extraordinary ta-
provocation? The laws of God and of lent, mere brutal courage, an acquaint-
nature may forbid it, but he cares not; ance with military movements, and a
his own dear little name will become no reasonable portion of impudence, of can-
torious, and for this one dirty selfish ning, and hypocrisy-these will at any
object he is content to make millions time constitute a conqueror, if other cir-
miserable. He begins the work of de- cumstances of an external description
struction at the first he is probably happen to favour him.
successful; a reverse then follows, or Bolton-street, Dublin.
T.F.
death comes and carries him away in the
midst of his projects, and a hasty peace SINGULAR ANECDOTE OF A DOG.
leaves every thing in nearly its original THE extraordinary exertions made
state. What object has he accomplished? by a dog belonging to a poor old man,
None whatever ; but he has made a noise now maintained by the Duke of Pen-
in the world, he has attempted a great thievre, as related in the Literary Ga-
deal-- he has slaughtered many; and zette for last year, have been greatly
though all his labours led to nothing of surpassed by a greyhound which lost his
importance, he feels and he knows that own master at the battle of Culloden.
he shall be spoken of hereafter. It is Mr. 0. a young gentleman from the
from posterity that he expects his re- south of Scotland, served as a volunteer
ward; it is amongst the men of another in the company of a highland chief, or
age that his name shall be celebrated; rather a demi-chieftain, and had been
and whether that name shall be exhi- very kind to the animal previous to the
bited in a good or bad light he cares not, fatal day. After the fall of Mr. M.D.
80 that it is conspicuous. This is not a the dog attached himself to Mr. 0.:
sketch of any particular personage, it is but he was so remarkable for size and
the character of almost every warrior, beauty, that the fugitive apprehended
every hero, from Nin rod to Napoleon, he would be the means of discovering
6 from Macedonia's madman to the his retreat. Two Highland lads, who
Swede ;" and it is this guilty expecta- bad been soldiers in the same company,
tion of posthumous honour which the and undertook to guide the Southron
enlightened historian should endeavour, through bye paths, assured him, that the
if possible, to blast. When he speaks of greyhound would be a safeguard, able
such men, he should reflect for a mo- to cope with several men, unless they
ment that the lives and the happiness of were assisted by fire-arms. The High-
millions may depend, in some measure, landers conducted Mr. O. through the
on a single turn of his pen-example is Hills of Glenmoriston, Kintail, Knoid-
powerful-mankind are generally prone art, &c. and past Fort William to Appin,
to imitation; let the writer therefore where they applied to a friend of their
remember, that one line of applause cause to ferry them to the opposite
given to such a being as we have de- shore. This man would not venture to
scribed, may, for aught he knows, be the give such ostensible aid ; but made them
spell which shall call into life some new welcome to his boat, when darkness
destroyer of a more remorseless disposi- would conceal their embarkation. He


1819.]
129
Memoirs of the late Peter Gale Fuur.
G.
advised them to land Mr. O., as he was one that approached. The officer gently
most obnoxious to government, and awoke Mr. O., assuring him his inten-
nearly exhausted by travelling; and to tions were not hostile. He required
return with the boat, leaving Mr. O. only his word of honour never to men-
under some shelter, to recruit a little, tion having seen him, and he would send
since he was dreadfully wounded. They a trusty person at night to take him to
could rejoin him by going round to a his brother's house. He kept his word,
narrow arm of the sea, where the public Mr. O. was concealed in this family until
ferryman would show them favour, if his broken arm was cured; and he got
needful. Mr. O. was rowed to the op- safe to Holland with his faithful canine
posite side, and left in a waste sheep cot, attendant.
with his dog, while the young men went
to take the boat to the owner. When
MEMOIRS OF THE LATE PETER GALB
the day dawned, Mr. O. in great anxiety
PAUX, STENOGRAPHER AND PATRIOT.
hastened to look out for his friends, as
WRITTEN BY HIS PRIEND AGATHOMP-
the night had been tempestuous. He
soon descried the boat keel uppermost.
SONIDES MUMPS.
His distress no poignancy of words can THE only certainty that life affords,
describe: a stranger to the country is the certainty of its own termination.
and the language, wrung by mental and Anger may glance into the breast of a
personal anguish, he thought of deliver wise man, but rests only in the bosom
ing himself up at a gentleman's house, of fools; and he who cares not what
he had been warned to shun, as his bro- becomes of his country, cannot be a
thers were in the Duke of Cumberland's true patriot. Having thus premised a
army. He bent his steps in that direc- few remarks, which I conceived liighly
tion ; but observing a party of soldiers necessary, I shall now proceed to record
on an eminence, and two officers talking the principal events in the life of a man,
to them, he turned aside into a wood. whose unmerited fate has thrilled the
It was the beginning of winter: the universal nerves of Europe with horror,
trees were leadess, but so thick of and thrown a shade of the finest melan-
branches, and dwarf brushwood, as to choly over the most respectable drinking
afford some concealment. Mr. 0. sat shops in town.
down, and, for the first time, observed Peter GALE Faux having descended
his dog carrying his wallet, containing from the younger branch of an illus-
provisions and dressing for his wounds. trious oak-tree, where he had taken re-
The animal laid down the wallet, and fuge one evening from the castigation of
disappeared. In a little time he re- his mendicant mother, found himself,
turned, laid his head on Mr. O's knee, after her departure, standing alone in
and, with mute eloquence, induced bim the wide world, and a beautiful mea-
to rise and follow. The dog led him to dow, ricketty and intelligent, not twelve
a cave, where he soon fell asleep. On years old till the next grass, and with
awaking, he found a great addition to no protection under heaven, save inno-
his store. The dog had broken up the cence and a broken pair of pantaloons,
pantry of the gentleman's house, during Who his father was, he had no notion
the night, and brought the spoil to his whatever; neither, I believe, had his
master. A guard of soldiers prevented mother. But that he had ancestors is
a repetition of depredations, and it has highly probable, and that, at least, he
been supposed the greyhound noticed had more than Adam, is quite certain.
them, for he did not again approach Any man, whose sire has been trans-
the spot, and was not suspected. In ported, will soon become ashamed of his
those unhappy times, it was a point genealogy; but only trace his pedigree
of humanity to feed strayed dogs, as so back for a thousand years, and though
many lost their masters in the field the founder of it had been hanged, you
of battle. Whatever the greyhound re- flatter him beyond expression. Such,
ceived, he brought to Mr. O., and lived however, is the origin of almost all our
upon game, caught by himself. He aristocracy. Generally speaking, they
licked Mr. O.'s wounds, and thus con- are descended from the greatest scoun-
tributed to relieve the pain : and while drels upon earth; but because these
he slept, the dog was generally vigilant. scoundrels had flourished eight or nine
Happily, he was absent when an officer centuries ago, time changes the adjective
found Mr. (). in profound repose. He into the substantive, and a family who
had removed the arms of the outlaw; were once notorious, at length come to
but the dog would have strangled any be a family of notoriety. From the
NEW MONTHLY Mag.--No. 62. VOL. XI. S


130
Memoirs of the late Peter Gale Fuux. [March 1,
tree of knowledge sprang the gallows- only a good memory; whereas falsehood
tree, and up to the latter has often been depends upon the inventive faculties, and
duly traced, the tree of heraldry. With is therefore a much finer cffort of con.
which of these three kinds of timber versational power. Thus, the evening
my friend Peter had the best reason to be he killed the cat with the Bible, he
acquainted, is sufficiently evinced by the swore himself purple, that he had never
indignation and consternation of every touched a Bible in his life; though he
nation in Europe.
was actually parodying a chapter in it
He had not advanced through the at the time : and he justified himself to
meadow many paces, when a gentleman the cook, who sitw the whole transac-
overtook him, in consequence of having tion, by citing, as precedent, the couduct
walked a good deal faster. “How dare of our gravest judges, who will counsel
you trespass upon my meadow ?"' cried a culprit to plead “ Not guilty,” even
he.-","l'is mine !" exclaimed the boy.- though the moment before he had con-
« Oh, nature, nature !" apostrophised fessed his guilt. “Now," said he, “ if
the gentleman,“ how irresistible are judges, whose business it is to develope
thy dictates, since even this untutored truth, encourage falsehood openly from
brat, inspired by thee, can assert his the bench -- alas, iny country! what
prerogatives! Yes-all are born free- Englishman is safe? If I used a Bible
men-all possess the same immunities- to knock out the life of a cat, would
all are brothers, co-peers, and equals !" they not use a Bible to swear away the
Saying which, he took little Peter home, life of a man?
and had him taught to clean boots.
But it is a remark that deserves some
This pathetic incident occurred about attention, that this mortal state is greatly
the beginning of the French Revolu- subject to mutability. Kingdoms and
tion; and, during several years after individuals flourish and decay, and mis-
wards, he remained in the family, as fortune is fond of company, for she sel-
boy of all work. His education, how dom comes alone. These moral obser-
ever, was not neglected. He could read vations were unhappily too, well veri-
any word of two syllables, and he could fied in the person of my hero. En-
pronounce every sesquipedal sentence trusted one night with the key of the
that expressed the distresses of his coun- wine-cellar, for the purpose of replenish-
try. Though the Edinburgh Review ing the stock in the parlour, he took oc-
was not yet in being, still he had the casion to set apart five or six bottles for
advantage of Thomas Paine. The his own private amusement. He then
Morning Chronicle, also, contributed its retired to the stable, and having hidden
stores; and, by listening at the door. all but one under some straw, he de-
whenever his inaster held forth upon prived that one of its contents at a single
politics, he had advanced so far in popu- draught. His master, after the depar.
lar oratory, that he could make people ture of his guests, happening to visit the
think they understood him, when he stable, beheld Peter stretched under the
could not from Adam understand him- manger, and enjoying one of those
self--a prodigious blessing, as Mr. Phil. peaceful slumbers which are wont to
Jips knows.
distil their balmy dews upon innocence
Nothing could possibly be more de- and virtue. His hand, even in sleep, in-
corous than the conduct of this amiable stinctively grasped the bottle, and when
youth, during his residence with his be- awakened, his only reply to a hundred
nefactor. Sooner than incur the dis questions was 'water.' An immediate
pleasure of any of the good family, or discovery ensued. In vain did this in-
give them the pain of chastising him, he teresting youth rise upon his knees
willingly told the most astonishing false- inebriety instantly restored bim to his
hoods, aud enforced them with oaths of recumbent posture. In vain did he
the most appalling nature. “ Truth," strive to account for bad appearances,
he used to say, “was a virtue, only so by a preternatural exertion of the most
far as it tended to preserve peace and prompt falsehoods. Articulation itself
good-will; but whencrer a lie produced was denied hiin. In short, a soon as his
the same effect, it surely possessed the power of locomotion returned, he was
same merit. Indeed, where either would brutally thrust from beneath the roof
equally answer the purpose, or even of his benefactor.
where a lie would answer no purpose at I know that there are persons in the
all, he usually preferred the lie; for, world, who will condemn his conduct;
as he used to remark, truth is a mere men who would jockey their best friend
statement of facts, and therefore requires with it spavined hunter, or cheat the


18 19.)
Memoirs of the late Peler Gale Faux.
131
revenue, by hiding their tandem or til- law against stealing; he only punished
bury before the visit of the tax-gather- those who were caught in the fact, for
er ; but who would deem it a heinous their want of ingenuity. Stealing, there-
crime to purloin a bottle of claret. fore, was not a crime in Sparta, what-
Were such men to hear my valued friend ever it may be here. Even here, there
Peter exculpate himself from the above was a time when no law prohibited par-
act, methinks they would acknowledge, ricide. lf, therefore, the law alone
that morality has no definite standard, makes an act criminal, children might
by which human conduct can be mea- have murdered their parents in the good
sured, and, at least, that few things are old times, without the least compunction
morally wrong, till they are found out of conscience. Suppose a bid king,
“ Laws," said he, in conversing with reigning over good subjects, makes ho-
me on this transaction,“ are so far from nesty a capital crime, and payment for a
always tending to beneficial purposes, loaf of bread, petty larceny ;-are his
that often what the law of one country subjects justified in obeying him ? Cer-
commands the law of another country tainly not. And if our laws tend to
forbids. The law of Greenland or promote suicide, am I justified in obey-
Osygen (I forget which) orders all de- ing them ? Certainly not. Now, then,
formed children to be strangled. The to the point. A man who could save
law of other countries punishes infantis another's life, yet looks quietly on, and
cide with the gallows. Among the Ro- sees him murdered, is considered as an
mans suicide was considered a virtuous accessary to the fact. Therefore, a
and heroic act-here it is deemed a man who could save his own life, yet
cowardly mode of going on another makes no exertion to do so, is acccssary
establishment ; and, indeed, in my poor to his own death. A man just as effec-
opinion, he who commits suicide ought tually deprives himself of existence, if
to be hanged. Honour, it is said, should he neglects to do what will preserve it,
be held dearer than life; and yet he as if he does what will destroy it. Had
Who deprives a girl of her honour pays I not swallowed a bottle of port, I
a far less forfeit than if he had cut her am persuaded I should have died of
throat. Rob a man of his sheep, and the colic. I was possessed of an excru-
you are strung up; but rob him of his ciating pain under my waistcoat; and,
Wife, and you repair the damage by in fine, to put the most candid construc-
damages. Either, therefore, a sheep is tion possible upon the affair, I must
more valuable than a woman, or law is either have permitted my own death,
capricious and unjust. Again, the law which is a crime of the first water, or I
often contradicts itself; for it both for must have stolen the wine, which is a
bids us to commit murder, and it holds crime of no water at all."
out a bonus to those who do. A soldier T hus delightfully did Peter Gale Faux
receives a shilling a day to assassinate hold forth upon his supposed delinquency,
by wholesale. Wherein does his occu- and it was by such bursts of eloquence
pation differ from that of the common that he contrived to gain an incontro-
murderer? The motives of both are vertible ascendancy over me. Sooth to.
the same- to earn their bread. If a say, he found me a man more skilled in
war be ever so unjust, a soldier is still books, than in bosoms; and to him
in duty bound to stick his bayonet into alone I stand indebted for all my prac-
the ribs of some persons, unknown at tical acquirements. Never, I do aver,
the very first moment of their introduc- was a more assiduous instructor than
tion. But as he sticks it in by act of he proved: his friendship for me re-
Parliament, he is a hero, and gets a mained unshaken to the close of his
medal; whereas, if he blows a man's mortal career ; and, indeed, he stuck to
brains out, and can produce no written me to that degree, that I was well nigh
license for it, having murdered without being hanged on the same gallows with
the requisite formalities, he is a villain, himself.
and gets a halter.* Lycurgus made no It is a melancholy reflection that
human life is subject to so many vicissi-
# This forcibly reminds us of an Irish tudes, and that so many worthy persons
soldier, lately hanged at Cambray for the are forced to take long journies on foot.
morder of a Frenchman, who, when about But so it fared with my poor friend.
to be turned off, addressed the bystanders He was obliged to walk the whole way
to the following effect :- Bad luck to the -
Duke of Wellington, he's no Irishman's took it into my head to be the death of one
friend any how; I've killed many a score of on my own account, by the Powers he's
Frenchmen by his orders, and when I just tucked me up for it!"


132
Memoirs of the late Peter Gale Faux. [March 1,
to London, inasmuch as he had not more fused point-blank to do any such thing.
than three shillings in his pocket. I The mastication now went on with
pass over his adventures till his arrival great spirit; victory seemed decisive ;
in the metropolis, which interesting a pound and a half at least were derour-
event occurred about ten o'clock on a ed, and a quart of porter dispatched, all
dark night in December. His feelings, in the compass of ten minutes--when,
as he has since informed me were inde- on a sudden, Peter stopped short. His
scribable. He thought of the quantity mouth was closed; his knife and fork
of human wretchedness which was crain- lay crossed upon his plate. “Well?"
med into one spot; he pondered over the said his patron. “Well!" replied Peter,
heart-harrowing idea of the hundreds “I can eat no more.- Waiter, the gen-
who are compelled to live by the admi- tleman with the angry face pays for me,"
nistering to the gratification of some and he walked carelessly out of the
wealthy and idle individual, and he room.
also thought he should like a good sup- I have recorded this anecdote because
per amazingly: he therefore went into it has often, by prejudiced persons, been
a sort of tavern, near the seven dials, represented as a complete swindling
and sat down. His attention was in- transaction; whereas he has himself
stantly arrested by hearing one of the assured me, that he meant it merely as
company remark that he had, the day a playful hoax- the best proof of which
before, seen a labouring man eat five is, says he, in his usual arch manner,
pounds of beef steaks and drink three that I did not save a penny by it, for I
quarts of porter within the space of an had not a penny to save. In truth, he -
hour. The narrator of this feat did not was wondrous droll. .
appear to obtain implicit credence from After this little sally of practical wit,
his auditors, as sundry shrugs, winks, he wandered along the streets, uncertain
and sneers, evinced : and at last he be- how to procure a night's lodging; for
came quite angry. It is nothing re as I have already hinted, he had not a
markable, said my good friend, Peter penny in his pocket. It was at this cri.
Gale Faux, for I have myself eaten five tical juncture that he first met with me.
pounds of mutton, and drank two quarts I was returning home to iny wife and
and a half of table beer in less than an our two little children, when I saw him
hour. All turned their eyes towards walking abreast of me and looking at me
the lank figure who had made this de- very hard. At length he accosted me
claration, while the former narrator thus: “You seem," Sir, said he, “a
eagerly exclaimed, “ There!” and began good-natured sort of person. Can you
to triumph in his turn. “Pray, my lad," inform me where I inay get a bed for
asked one of the company, “ will you un- the night, as I am quite a stranger in
dertake to perform this exploit now?" London." Thereupon I stopped, and
"I should have no objection in life," asked him a few questions; to all of
answered Peter, “only that I could not which he responded so satisfactorily and
afford to pay for so large a quantity, and withal so meekly, that I forthwith ufrer-
indeed I never was in better trim, for l ed him a small vacant room in my lodg-
am as hungry as a hawk.” “Never ings, for the trifie of half a crown per
mind the expence," said the teller of the week.
first eating-iciracle, “I will pay for you This accommodation he gladly ac-
myself." - But in case I should fail?" cepted, and home we went together.
said Peter. “No matter," answered I must here inform my readers, that
the other, “I will pay all." "Then I am an author hy profession, and that,
order five pounds and a half,” cried Pe- by contriving to fill up four reams of
ter, “ for I am as sure of finishing it, as foolscap per annum, I am enabled to
if it was already lodged in my stomach.” support a decent appearance in one of
Hereupon the bell was rung, the meat the genteelest courts in London. My
and porter ordered, and Peter's patron wife is accounted uncommonly beautiful;
instantly involved in bcts to the amount and indeed, before Peter was well seated,
of several guineas. At length in came I perceived his eyes fasten on her face
the beef steaks, smoking hot. Peter sat with all the ardor (as he has since told
down, tucked up his sleeves, settled him- me) of an unsophisticated delight at
self steadily in his chair, and thrust into contemplating the moral effects which
his mouth at the first onset such a pro- may be deduced from a lovely superfi-
digious wedge, that his patron instan- cies, typical of that internal and immut-
faneously offered to double bets; while able perfection, which results from the
the sceptics, with elongated faces, re- eternal fitness of things. To be sure,


1819.)
133
A Cockney Pastoral, cum Notis Variorum.
I could never comprehend precisely what (11) Purfleet-a place dlear to metro.
he meant by this explanation ; but he politan writers, on account of its chalk
told me the thing was quite clear; and pits, which render that article cheap.
he had such a way with him, that he (12) A place where birch trees are
used regularly to leave me dumb-foun- stripped of their leaves ! But the poet
dered. While we were both consulting is an admirer of verdant branches before
what line of life he ought to adopt, he they are severed from their parent stem.
happened to take up a book of steno- (13) This may either be a glass of
graphy; and when I explained the nature wine, or beer, or a spy glass.
of it, and observed that by means of it he (14) If this is not intended for Leigh
might get a situation in the newspapers, roads, some miles down the river below
and hear all the speeches in Parliament, Purfleet, what Leigh can it be?
he determined to make himself master (15) This has been read “ goose sip-
thereof forthwith.
ping"-- but who ever saw a goose sip.
(To be continued.)
ping tea? Besides, the goose comes in
a few lines below.
A COCKNEY PASTORAL, CUM NOTIS (16) It is a high hill in the first line; bat
VARIORUM.
poets can make things little, and of some
High' Hampstead! how thy swelling? hill things nothing at all.
Becomes a pretty purlingi rill!
(17; “ Parturiunt montes !" vide line
Where the retiring) Cockney sees
1. Hampstead has been prolific.
His portrait, 'neath the leafy trees;
(18) "Tis pity the poet cannot fill his
The verdant leaves of Spring's young power, tea-kettle at Helicon or Aganippe.
But brown amidst the autumnal shower.)
(19) “ Fons, mons, pons," &c., vide
Thy op'ning prospects can't be narrow,10
Farnaby.
That spread from Purtleet up to Harrow;12
Or with a glasg'we peep at Leigh,'*
(20) In Ireland fields are called “ town
Whilst sipping op gossipping tea.
parks."
Thy little hillis is sure a mountain !17
(21) Modern reformers ought to allow
Each turbid ,ondis a chrystal fountain'!! their geese to continue so. "Twas the
Each field a park-!--each goosezi a swan! cackling of geese that saved the Capitoi.
To slip-shod mouse at early dawn :
(22) Between a slip-shod muse, and
And though we have no Trout or Salmon, musing slip-shod, there is perhaps no es-
here,
sential difference.
T'here's a kettle of fish for an Examiner !<3
(23) Those who run may read. Those
NOTES.
who look for fish may find a kettle full.
(1) A sublime pastoral ought to begin Those who preach up reform may find
characteristically -- high is part of the themselves caught in the storm of revo-
sublime.
lution, and fall victims to their own
(2) This expression does not positively trade!
mean that the hill grows larger; but,
being a Cockney hill, it is allowed to cut
a swell.
ORIGINAL LETTER OP M. G. LEWIS, ESQ.
(3) Sublimity is always obscure. Some
IN DEFENCE OF “ THE MONK."
people may suppose that, like Ovid's Me MR. EDITOR,
tamorphoses, the hill actually becomes a ILAVING lately seen some very se-
rill, when the fact is that the rill becomes vere remarks in a daily paper,* on the
a hill, or ornaments it.
first celebrated production of the late
(4) An Hibernian critic observes, that Mr. M. G. Lewis, I could not help think-
Purl in rilis may be seen on a Sunday ing, that, as but too generally happens,
Evening near 'the Spaniards and Jack the writer was determined to see the
Straw's Castle.
evil, without appreciating the moral ten-
(5) Does this mean a Cockney who
dency proposed by the author, in that
tires you, and again tires you ?
singular publication. Without any wish
(6) The allusion to Narcissus is classi-
to make the columps of your truly
cal, and in point.
valuable miscellany a vehicle for literary
(7) If the trees are evergreen, this controversy, or attempting to defend any
epithet will keep good for the winter. thing that may be calculated to weaken
(8) The allusions to foliage are pretty. our sense of moral duty, I feel confident
(9) Shower-of what? an angry critic that your impartiality will induce you
asks.-Their own shower certainly
to give the following copy of an Au-
(10) The poet says nothing of its
length; but, perhaps, it is just as broad * The strictures alluded to appeared in
as it is long.
- the Courier.


134 Letter of M. G. Lewis, Esq. in Defence of “ The Monk.” [March 1,
THENTIC letter, from Mr. L. to his fa- words carelessly chosen ; not on the senti-
ther, a place in the New Monthly : by ments, characters, or general tendency of
which the public, who have, in a con- the work.
That the latter is undeserving censure,
siderable degree, formed their judgment
Addison will vouch for me: the moral and
from external influence, will now have
outline of my story are taken from an alle-
an opportunity of hearing the author's
gory inserted by him in “ The GUARDIAN,"
own explanations; and these bear so
and which he commends highly, for ability
much the evidence of sincerity, that I
of invention and propriety of object. Un-
have no doubt of their greatly mitigating luckily, in working it up, I thought, that
the rigours of criticism, if they do not en- the stronger my colours, the more effect
tirely remove the charge of evil intention. would my picture produce; and it never
Should Mr. L. who has contributed to struck me, that the exhibition of vice in her
the amusement of his country in so temporary triumph, might possibly do as
many highly agreeable works, produce much harm, as her final exposure and po-
To do much
the latter effect on the mind of your nishment would do good.
good, indeed, was more than I expected of
readers, a great point will have been
my book; having always believed that our
achieved; and, under the most unfa-
conduct depends on our own hearts and
vourable construction of his sentiments,
characters, not upon the books we read, or
none can deny his having realized the
the sentiments we hear. But though I did
maxim of an acute judge of human na. not expect much benefit to arise from the
ture, who declares, that “error does perusal of a trilling romance, written by a
not become a crime until it is persisted youth of twenty ; I was in my own miud quite
in :" but, if we cannot repeat with the certain, that no harm could be produced by
Roman moralist, de mortuis nihil nisi a work, whose subject was furnished by one
bonum, let us at least do justice to the of our best moralists, and in the composition
author, by suffering him to speak for
of which I did not introduce a single inci.
himself:---
dent, or a single character, without mean-
ing to inculcate some maxim universally
My dear Father,
Feb. 23, 1798. allowed. It was, then, with infinite surprize,
that I heard the outcry raised against the
Though certain, that the clamours
book, and found, that a few ill-judged and
raised against the Monk' capnot have
unguarded passages totally obscured its ge.
given you the smallest doubt of the recti-
peral tendency.
tude of my intentions, or the purity of my To support the charge of irreligion a sin-
principles; yet, I am conscious, that it must
gle one only has, or can be produced. I
have grieved you to find any doubts on the
am heartily sorry that this passage was ever
subject existing in the minds of other people.
published: but I must say that I have been
To express my sorrow for having given you
very unfairly treated respecting it. Those
pain, is my motive for now addressing you,
who have made it the subject of public
and also to assure you, that you shall not
censure, have, uniformly, omitted such parts
feel that pain a second time on my ac-
as would have palliated those offensive
count. Having made you feel it at all,
expressions. Those expressions, certainly,
would be a sufficient reason, had l no are much too strong, and I now see that
others, to make me regret having pub- their style is irreverent; but it was not in-
lished the first editions of the Monk;' buttended to he such, nor was the passage
I have others, weaker indeed, than the one meant to counsel any more, than that the
mentioned, but still sufficiently strong. I Bible should not be read before a certain
perceive that I have put too much confidence age, when its perusers would be capable of
in the accuracy of my own judgment; that, benefitting by its precepts and admiring its
convinced of my object's being unexcep- beauties. It also suggested the propriety
tjonable, I did not sufficiently examine of not putting certain passages before the
whether the means by which I attained that eyes of very young persons. This advice
object were generally so; and that, upon was induced to give from experience ; for I
many accounts, I have to accuse myself of know, that school-boys do not (neither, if
high imprudence. Let me, however, oh-
my informers may be credited, do school-
serve, that TWENTY is not the age at which girls) always read particular chapters of the
prudence is most to be expected; inexpe- Bible for the purpose of edification. In
rience prevented my distinguishing what
stating this, I thought, by representing it in
would give oflence; but, as soon as I found
the hands of the most virtuous of my cha-
that offence was given, I made the only re-
racters, and given her by her mother, a
parative in my power ; I carefully revised
woman pious and sensible, I had guarded
the work, and expunged every syllable, on against the idea of attacking the Bible:
which could be grounded the slightest con- My precaution was ineffectual : I have
struction of immorality. This indeed was git
given offence; I am sorry for having given
rio difficult task; for the objections rested it. I have omitted the passage, and can
entirely on expressions too strong, and now do no more than say, that neither in


1$19.] Observations on the “ Annals of the Fine Arts."
135
this, or any other part of “The Monk," otherwise. Its slow sale and discou.
had I the slightest idea that what I was then ragements are proofs of good sense and
writing could injure the principles, moral good taste in the public. We know of
or religious, of any human being. Since no class in society, which can have an
this work I have published others : taught interest in encouraging a publication
by experience, I have avoided the insertion that, with an anti-British spirit, has
ofauy word that could possibly admit of mis-
stigmatized the leading artists of Eng-
representation : as their propriety has not
land, and of course the whole body, as
been questioned, I trust that I have succeed-
ed in the attempt, and I do not despair of a mass of “ IMBECILITY;" (No. viii.
some time or other convincing my cen- p. 112,) which has attempted to blacken
surers, that they have totally mistaken both the character of “ the Institution," (the
me and my principles. Those principles I British) and the Royal Academy; (vol. ij.
Deed not justify to you, my dear father:1 p.409, 410,) and to excite jealousies and
Deed only again request your pardon for the dissensions between those two dignified
uneasiness which this business has given bodies in a variety of instances. Who
you, and beg you to believe me your most can wish success to those pages, which,
affectionate son,
M. G. LEW19." with a daring impietv. have scoffed at a
Such, Mr. Editor, is the defence and reverence for the sacred writings (vol. ii.
apology of Mr. Lewis; and when the p. 471 ;) and, with a blasphemous sneer,
tenor of all his subsequent writings is introduced the works of liachiavelli, as
impartially considered, it is scarcely pos- a fine stroke of humour, lettered on the
sible to doubt the amiable sincerity back with the title of the “ Bible,"
which dictated the foregoing communi- throwing out a profligate inucndo, that
cation. Both his friends and enemies, revealed religion is only an outside cover,
if he can have any, must be gratified to or political cloak for knavery and hypo-
hear, that by a well-timed application of crisy (No. viii. p. 18.)-Such a publica-
those materials furnished by the personal tion, if eren conducted with talent,
bistory of Mr. L.'s life, it is fully in the could make but little way in this coun-
power of his relatives to produce the try; where it must be condemned by
conviction (almost prophetically antici- the mapliness, the moral and religious
pated towards the close of his letter,) on sense of a thinking people. Its pages
the minds of Mr. Li's less indulgent display, with an unappeasable anti-
judges, I am, &c.
. B. British malignity against British genius,
an inexhaustible meanness and servility:
and with the lowest state of duplicity and
OBSERVATIONS ON THE “ ANNALS OF
cunning, a never-failing stock of effron-
THE PINE ARTS."
tery, falsehood, and pufting. It must be
THE first pumber of this quarterly owned that such a work, from its on-
publication appeared sometime in the set, had no common claims upon public
autumn of 1816, and comprehended, we contempt and oblivion. From its title
believe, the three or four preceding and the professions of a zeal for the in,
months. As to dates, our volumes are terests of British Art, with which it
not very clear. Ifits talentless dullness commenced, we should have expected to
were accompanied by even the appeare find it a faithful and impartial record of
ance of a good intention, the smallest the proceedings of the British school;
sense of truth, or any sense of shame, and if not an able, at least an honest and
for detected falsehood, we should have earnest advocate in behalf of British
passed its narrow views and utter igno. genius. The preface, which is the in.
rance of even the common rudiments of iroduction in other works, is in the first
the English language in silence, and volume, the second article being preced-
have left it to struggle on in merited ob- ed or prefaced by three introductory
scurity, without a line of notice in our pages, in which, with an affected protes
pages. The fellow-labourers, who sign tation of humility, the Anti-British party
“ED." and use the plural style of “ le,” state their pretensions :-" The first
inform us, that “ The Academicians pre- Number of Annals of the Fine Arts'
tend never to have heard of “ The An- is now presented, as an humble candidate
nals" when it is spoken of to them," &c. for public patronage, soliciting that sup-
(p. 604, No. xi.-A. F.A.) From this port which THE GOODNESS of its inten.
we may suspect that the Academicians tions, rather than the ostentation of its
mention it as a work of scanty circula- merits, would deserve." They have,
tion, and rarely to be met with. We therefore, rested their claims upon “tbe
should indeed be surprised if it were GOODNESS of their intentions, and by


136
Observations on the “ Annals of the Fine Arts.” [March 1,
the test which they have themselves pro- corery, that the artist is not only making
posed, we shall now try them!
progress, with his pictures, but painting
First, however, we shall show, by them at the same time! " The design
their gross ignorance of the common and execution of this medal, which can-
rules of English grammar, that these il nut but be excellent, or it would not
literate impostors, who, under the pre- have been adopted by the President
text of acting as directors of public taste, for this important record of gratitude
have employed the press for the purpose to his patrons, is by Mr. Mills," &c.; (vol.
of puffing and calumny, ought to go to i. p. 259.) “here is sharpness and soft.
school to acquire soine acquaintance ness, and all the characteristics" &c.;
with their vernacular tongue.-" The (vol. i. p. 280.) “and the effect of the
expression of the countenances of the mirrors and cut-glass chandeliers in Mr.
actors are tame and uninteresting, and Wild's drawings, ure proofs" &c.; (vol.
not in unison with the action." (vol. i. i. p. 327.) “ for which we suspect Mr.
71.) “ Your snecrs and ridicule of men Daniell's knowledge of oriental manners
who set out with a professed determina- and customs have not been consulted
tion to disregard the means of the art, in vain," &c. (vol. i. p. 335.); “ the high
all those grand, severe gentlemen, who priest, attended by his Levites, and sol.
thought they were as great as Michael . diers, form a fine group," (vol. i. p.
Angelo, when they coloured like mud, 338.); for the high priest, his Levites
or left an outline like iron,' is on the and soldiers form, ' &c. “wanting some.
soundest principles;" &c.; (vol. i. p. what of that colour and contrast of light
159.) “ and that in it is to be found the and shade, which is so much sought
warm tints of Titian! the colder chas- after," &c. (vol. i. p. 339.); “ his other
tity of Guido !! the mild radiance of best picture of the Disgrace of Wolsey,"
Correggio !!! and the harmonious com- (vol. i. p. 315.) Here these philological
binations of Rubens !!!!" (vol. i. p. 180.) conjurors have made tro best pictures
“ but the intrinsic merits of this picture, of Cardinal Wolsey! and, to render
the truth, accuracy and beauty with their work more miraculous, have made
which Mr. Cooper has represented this them out of the only one, which the
well-proportioned Hacknei, and the ex- artist bad painted of the subject! "A
quisite manner in which Mr. Scott bas well-merited compliment and transcrip-
treated the engraving, renders it a tion (here the act of copying is used for
striking exception ;" &c. (vol. i. p. 181. the transcript or copy,) of the above
" "Let the members' (of the academy) epitaph is recorded" &c. (vol. i. p. 346.);
coolly consider,'continues the authors," "and show how far the manual dex-
(vol. i. p. 202.) “even the swallow terity, colouring, and proper finishing,
twittering from the straw-built shed,' or is gaining ground in (for among or with)
(with Cunningham) •darting through our rising race of artists." (vol. i. p. 359.)
the one-arched bridge,' were not consi- “ The many excellencies of this charming
dered too trifling for the embellish- picture, places it among," &c. (vol. i. p.
ment of his works." (vol. i. p. 221.) 376.) “The chiaro scuro, drawing, ar-
“ Two of them he presumed to be une rangement of colour, and perfection of
qualled, and would oppose them to any this picture, as a whole, renders it" &c.
thing he knew in art, which is the River (vol. i. p. 377.) “A lady and child is
God and the Theseus," (vol, i. p. 231.) receiving" &c. (vol. i. p. 381.) "An
“ To the right are the neat-herd, with anxious mother with a dying child are
his wife and daughter," &c. (vol. i. on the left hand side of the picture,"
p. 247.) “The grief of the attendants, (vol. i. p. 382.) “The Resurrection of
the humane feelings of the Cardinal Christ, represented with greater bustle
Archbishop in his hard task of duty to and more figures than is usual in this
the sovereign council ; and indeed the subject." (vol. i. p. 389.) “'The hands
whole picture, accords, in a degree of and face appear as vital !!! as if painted
pathos," &c. (vol. i. p. 249.) “On the with real flesh.” (rol. i. p. 390.) Ano-
table is a small Greek Plato, Luther, and ther sublime discovery. . According to
another book," &c. (vol. i. p. 252.) this, real flesh must be an admirable re-
“Mr. Sauerweid is also making progress hicle for painting with; otherwise the
in his two pictures which he is painting boasted vitality of the hands and face is
of the same glorious subject, for Mr. “only leather and prunella." ** The
Clay, which is also to be engraved," &c. accessories, particularly the shawl and
(vol. i. p. 258.) In the above this eru- flowers, are uncommonly well managed,
dite writer has made the wonderful dis and produces a work of uncommon merit,"


Observations on the “Annals of the Fine Arts."
137
(vol. i. p. 393.) “her character and namely, that there existed, some cishi
expression is delightfully tender and or nine ycars ago, a doubtful question,
maternal," (vol. i. p. 396.) “The in this country, whether painters pos.
verisimilitude of nature, both in co- sessed the capability to write their
lour, chiaro-scuro and character, have thoughts !!! A foreigner miget sup.
been seldom better depicted," &c. (vol. pose from this passage, that no English
i. p. 399.) “ The drawing, compo. painter had ever attempted to write be-
sition and colouring, is in the first style fore Mr. Haydon; but, unluckily for
of bistorical excellence." (vol. i. p. these charlatan critics, we cannot forget
401.) “It will contain a continuation that the RICHARDSONS, BARRY, Rer.
of aa historical account of the arts, from NOLDS, OPIE, SHEE, FUSELI, NORTH-
the 15th century to the year 1806; with COTE, TRESHAM, Hoppner, Days, and
the rise and progress of painting, sculp- other English painters, had written and
ture, and architecture, through various published numerous volumes, before
parts of the world, to its establish- eight or nine years ago, and some of
ment in Great Britain," &c. (vol. i. them long enough before that period.
p. 407.) “ that the first atientions of Yet according to these profound classical
the English Government to the fine authorities in literature, and the fine
arts, was during their administra- arts, we are to believe that the writings
tion." (vol. i. p. 410.) “We feel plea- of the English artists just mentioned,
sure in announcing that the library of and of all others, had not only not done
the late Mr. Alexander, of the British any service, but had proved their own
Museum, sold at prices worthy of their incapacity, and produced a puzzling and
excellence." (vol, i. p. 413.)
doubtful question in England, as tu the
We trust we have adduced sufficient capability of painters to write their
instances, for the present, to prove the thoughts!!! In this state of ignorant
effrontery and ignorance of these Anti- uncertainty and darkness, the nobility,
British empirics; who, without talents gentry, and people of England were
or acquirements, a sense of truth or a plunged, until about eight or nine years
respect for the sacred writings, have so ago, that is about 1809, or 10; and then,
long prostituted the press to the base as this lying oracle runs, Mr. HAYDON,
purpose of calumniating living genius, at so young an age, by his uritings, set-
exciting dissensions between the British tled for ever the question which those
Institution and Royal Academy, and de- illiterate dunces, the Richardsons,
grading the artists of their country in Barry, Reynolds, Opie, Shee, North-
the opinion of foreign nations. With cote, Fuseli, Tresham, Hoppner, and
an ignorance of the ordinary rules of Days, had raised !!! All this is certainly
English grammar, which would disgrace very amazing ; but, unluckily, it is a
the pupils of a village Lingo, and an in- downright and notorious falsehood :
capacity for writing in the commonest for until this impudent quackery ap.
forms, without false concords and the peared in the Liher Falsitatis, no one
meanest jargon, they have carried on ever heard of it before, and the facts
the trade of defamation, under the pre- are directly the reverse of this puffing
text of directing the public taste in invention. Without going farther, the
literature, the fine arts, and the drama! writings of Sir Joshua Reynolds have
These are the sovereign judges of fine been translated into several layguages,
writing, the arbitrary critics, who de- and printed and circulated in numerous
cide on the fame of the living and dead! editions upon the Continent. In the
We shall now give an instance of their life-time of that great man, “ some years
critical acumen :-“ Mr. HAYDON has, after the publication of the first seven
by his writings at so young an age, set- of the Discourses, the author had the
tled for ever the question, as to the capa- honour to receive from the late Em-
bility of painters to write their thoughts; press of Russia, a gold box, with a basso
which every one must recollect was so relievo of her Imperial Majesty in the
prevalent eight or nine years ago; and lid, set round with diamonds; accompa-,
he has therefore raised the charac- nied by a note within, written in her
ter, of artists in the scale of intel- own hand, containing these words
lect." (No. viii. p. 89, A. F. A.) Here “ Pour le Chevalier REYNOLDS, en te
we are let into a miraculous secret; a moignage du contentment que j'airessen-
matter, which no one ever read or heard tie à ta lecture de ses errellens Discours
of before it appeared in the veritable sur la Peinturé." (Works of Reynolds,
pages of these Quacks: and yet, which vol. i. p. 45.) Beside the above facts,
they assert, every one must recollect: there have been three editions of SHEE's
New MONTHLY MAG.No. 62. VOL. XI.
T


138
[March 1,
Observations on the « Annals of the Fine Arts.”
Rhymes on Art, published in America. that one line written by an artist, doe's
But all the writings of our English inore good to public taste than huge
painters, before eight or nine years volumes written by technical amateurs,"
ago, prove nothing to those disappointed Yet after all this heavy souse of cold
candidates for admiss on into the Royal water upon the stupid amateurs of
Academy. According to their candid England, who, of course, must be ut-
judgment, all our former artists wrote terly ignorant of the arts, we find the
in ignorance and incapacity; and the same formidable judges, in the preceding
same grave' authorities, who have thus extracts, decidedly of opinion that all
sought to dishonour and defame the the English painters, and all other
illustrious first President in his tomb, painters, wrote in darkness, and pro-
have, also, sought to blast the moral duced a doubt of the capability of paint-
and professional character of the presenters to write their thoughts, before the
venerable President, West, by indirectly appearance of the Elgin marbles. From
representing him, in effect, and by inu- thence, in the following question, we are
endo, as a man who, with duplicity led to the brilliant sun, whose beams
and envious malevolence, had been in we are to understand, enlightened all
the base practice of covertly employ our benighted faculties. "Was he
ing writers and the press, to knock (Haydon) not the first to affirm the
every body living on the heart; that is, to ercellence of the Elgin marbles ?" (No.
blacken and vilify every living artist. ix. p. 334.) So that, according to
(p. 81, 85, No. viii.) They exbibit his these Anti-British and empirical false-
painting-room in the same indirect man- hoods, the people of England were
ner, as a slaughter-house of professional plunged in such a night of barbarism,
reputation, (lb.) and gravely assure the at the commencement of the nineteenth
world, in proof of their good intentions, century, that it is to be feared the di-
that West is not a great artist (No. vij. rine works of the immortal Phidias,
p.81, A. F. A.); that he is refined in addressed to the eye and the mind of
nothing (Ib.); and that “our leading mankind, would have remained unap-
artists" are, in the vulgar slang phrase preciated and misunderstood, if Mr.
of “ONE and ALL," a mass of “ imbeci- Haydon had not, by his writings, given
lity." (Ib. 112.) Really, this is giving the nation artists, amateurs, shopkeepers,
the artists of England “a lift in the and all, a gratuitous lift in the scale of
scale of intellect," with a vengeance; intellect, and opened our eyes to their
and such a lift as those simpletons, the beauties! In point of fact, this is ano-
Richardsons, Barry, Reynolds, Opie, ther audacious falsehood; for the vener-
Shee, Fuseli, Hoppner, Northcote, Days able West affirmed the excellence of
and Tresham, nerer dreamed of giving the Elgin marbles in the presence of the
them!
Bishop of Durham, within a fortnight
Again we find them repeat the same or three weeks after the cases were
anti-British attempt to rob England of opened in Park Lane ; and he began to
the honour of her artists, under a dif- draw from them immediately, at that
ferent form of words_“Sir Joshua Rey- time, (in 1806) being almost nearly two
nolds knew very little of the antique, years before Haydon saw them; which
his mind was not qualified to understand he did not until after he had begun his
it: in short, it is quite astonishing, even Dentatus, in 1808.
in Winkleman, to see how ALL MEN We do not mean, in imitation of those
wrote in THE DARK about the genius anti-British impostors, to convert the
of the ancients, before the appearance Elgin marbles into a means of disgracing
of the Elgin marbles." (No. xi. p. 537, the British character, by falsely assign-
A. F. A.) As the despicable quacks, ing to any one artist or amateur, an
from whom we have quoted, would exclusive claim to the discovery or first
convert a reverence for the Bible into a affirmation of their excellence in this
scoff and personal obloquy; so there country. Spon, WheLeR and Noin-
are others, who would make use of our TEL, between the years 1670 and 80,
admiration of the Elgin marbles, as a and the concurring testimony of artists
means of defaming the dead and the and amateurs, who have visited Greeoe
living, and dishonouring the genius of since their time, had made known their
their country. Thus, (in page 88, No. beauties to Europe long before a thought
viii.) they obliquely interdict the nobi- existed of our ever being their possessor.
lity, gentry, and all literary men, from A reference to the Report of the So-
giving a written opinion on the fine arts, lect Committee of the House of Com-
by declaring"we are quite convinced, mons, (p. 31) will shew, that it is to


1919.)
139
On the Custom of Saluting People when they Sneeze.
Mr. Harrison, the architect, of Chester, tion, the interests of truth, and the
England is indebted for those invaluable character of the whole body of the
remains. The Earl of Elgin candidly British artists, call upon every independ-
stated, that in 1799, that gentleman ent thinker to explode the gross impos-
first suggested to him the idea of ob- ture, which, with an uublushing effron-
taining those marbles for this country. tery, would make all England appear
It was a sense of their exquisite beauty, tasteless, and barbarously ignorant in
which impelled bis Lordship to devote the arts, to give an Anti-British, disho-
so much time and expense to their ac- nest, and mountebank celebrity to one.
quisition. The arrival of the vessel, Such is the entire and palpable drift of
which contained the first part of them, this vulgar and despicable publication.
in an English port, occasioned an enthu. Its impious attempts to convert a reve-
siastic sensation among the artists and reace for revealed religion into a source
lovers of the fine arts. And after the of personal contempt and derision; to
opening of the cases, at Lord Elgin's defame and degrade the Royal Academy,
house in Park Lane, in 1806, before the British School of Science, in re-
Mr. Haydon was taken to view them, in venge for an unsuccessful canvass to ob.
1808, among the number of painters, tain admission into that body; to ca.
sculptors, and amateurs, who crowded lumniate the (British) Institution, as
to see thein, there was only one person, crushers and calumniators of native ge-
a distinguished amateur, who expressed nius! and write down the whole of our
a doubt of their excellence. Lord El. artists under the scornful description of
gin's statement attests this notoriousfact, “the amiable profession," in order to
which is in direct contradiction of the gratify the passions of one professional
impudent falsehood that Mr. Haydon, individual, have now received a nerited
who did not see the Elgin marbles until chastisement: and shall be looked to
1808, was the first to affirin their excel- hereafter.
W.C.
lence. The honour of the British na-
THE CABINET.
ON THE CUSTOM OP SALUTING PEOPLE to promote a spirit of inquiry, and to
WHEN THEY SNEEZE.
exercise the investigating powers of the
Religione patrum multos servata per annos. mind in its search for truth, is useful.
Virg. Æn. II. 715. One of the most singular of these tri-
IT is by no means an uninteresting fling forms, which are in daily use among
pursuit, to examine into the causes which us, and which we mechanically employ,
have given birth to various customs almost without knowing its meaning, is
existing, at the present day, among ci- the practice of saluting people when
vilized nations, which excite the atten- they sneeze. This custom is generally
. tion of the curious, but are become so believed to have originated during the
familiar, from constant habit, to the regency of Brunehaut, in France, and
generality of men, that they seldom the pontificate of Gregory the Great.
trouble themselves to inquire into the It is pretended, that at this time (A. D.
sources from whence they sprung. It 613, there was a malignity in the air,
is thought quite sufficient, by many, to 80 contagious in its nature, that who-
know that these practices exist-the ever was unfortunate enough to sneeze,
cause of their existence is a matter of expired on the spot: and that, on this
perfect indifference. But the mind of account, Gregory ordered all good
the philosopher is not satisfied with this. Christians to offer up prayers, accom-
He seldom dismisses any thing from his panied with vows, for the purpose of
observation without informing himself averting these evil effects. But this
of its nature,' and tracing it, if possible, seems evidently to be a fable, formed
to its origin. Now there are many cus- against all rules of probability.
toms and habits among us, which are in We find the following account in
themselves trilling and unimportant; Grose's Olio:
but which, when investigated, frequently The Rabbis say, that, after the
give rise to many curious and interesting Creation, God made a general law, by
discoveries. We do not, however, con- which it was ordained that every living
tend, that we should derive any rery man should sneeze but once, and that,
important knowledge from such studies; at the very moment he sneezed, he
but, generally speaking, whatever tends should resign his soul to the Lord, with


140
[March 1,
Red Snow.
out any previous indisposition. Jacob, ad quem motum Eumolpus conversus,
by no means pleased with this abrupt saldere Gitona jubet."
method of quitting the world, and being A nd Apuleius says : “ Pone tergum
desirous of settling his affairs previous ejus Maritus acceperat sonum sternuta-
to his departure, humbled himself before tionis, quod cum putaret ab eâ profectum,
the Lord, and urgently requested the solito sermone sulutem ei fuerut impre-
favor of being exempted from the gene- cutus, et iterato rursum et frequenter,
ral rule. He obtained his wish-he sæpius."
speezed, and did not die. All the Aristotle and Hippocrates speak of
princes of the earth being informed of sneezing as a sign of health :-
the fact, unanimously ordained, that in “Sternutamentum esse cerebri motum
future every person who sneezed should expellentis supervacaneum humorem ad-
offer up prayers for the preservation of jumento aeris per nares attracti.” And
his life."
the former adds, that on this account-
So much for Rabbinical fables: - “ Evye ws onpielov vytebas T8 ugeuse xai ilg® TET!
But the most curious and rational τοπε προσκυνεσιν, ως ιερον και φημην αγαθην
dissertation on this subject, occurs in TOPVT 21."
Stiada, Praelectiones, Lib. iii. Præl. 4; Jan. 1.
W.K.
where, in his “ Pistor Suburranus," he
RED SNOW.
treats the matter at large. He ridicules The discovery of red snow, though
the idea of this custom baving originated. extremely curious, is not altogether new,
in the time of Gregory, and traces it up as will be perceived from the following
to a much earlier period, quoting Apun passage, which is extracted, literally, from
leius. Petronious Arbiter, Pliny, and the ist vol. of Les Merveilles et Beautés
even Aristotle. After giving instances de la Nature en France, by M. Dep-
from the two first authors, he goes on: ping. The only difference which appears
-" Videtis, auditores, salutem ster- to exist between the snow discovered
nuentibus imploratam quinque ferme by Capt. Ross in the Arctic Regions,
sæculis ante Gregorium. . Plige. Tibe and the snow found in Europe, alluded
rius imperator, tristissimus hominum, ut to in the following extract, is, that the
ait Plinius, et qui religiosis hisce officiis snow of the frozen regions is of a very
minime capiebatur, nonne dum vehebatur deep colour, at least if we may rely on
curru per urbem, sternuenti honorem the statements of the public papers,
habebat ipse, sibique ab aliis exigebat? whilst the other is only slightly tinged
Perge adhuc supra Tiberii ætatem.
with light red. It is of little consequence
Aristoteles (videie, obsecro, rhetores, whether this difference arises from the
quantum vos ego a Gregorii tempestate
colouring matter being more abundant
rerioream, atque in ultimâ pene anti- in the former than in the latter, or
quitate reponam,) dum naturæ causas whether the two colours are produced
in problematum quæstionibus investigat, by different substances. If the snow
merito ait homines venerari sternuta- bronght by Capt. Ross derives its hue,
mentum, et bene sternuentibus augurari; as is supposed, from the excrement of
pâque super re populariter inquisit myriads of birds, all doubt is removed;
multa, sapienterque definit."
but there is every reason to beliere,
He gives us also an epigram, taken that, on the mountains of Europe, the
from one of the Minor Greek poets red colour of the snow proceeds from
(Florillus) to prove the antiquity of this another cause. The extract from M.
custoin:
Depping's work is as follows:--
“Red Snow is sometimes found on
Ου δυναται τη χειρι Προκλος την ριν' απομυσσειν,
very high mountains during great thaws.
Tns povos y chop exet The Xo pee peixgotigny.
Saussure has observed it on the Alps,
Oude heysi, ZSU CWT 04, EY 7paga, e pae AX26
and M. Raymond on the Pyrenees, at
Tn; geros, TORU yuz TM5 axong ATTEXEL.
the height of from 2000 to 2,500 yards.
Poor Proclus tries in vain to blow his nose, It is only during the spring season, that
So far beyond his utmost reach it grows; the furrows traced by the melted ice on
Nor can he sneeze, “God bless me!' does the snow are tinged with a light shade of
he cry,
pink. This shade becomes darker in
The distant sounds his listening ears parts where there is a junction of several
defy.
furrows, and it even deepens to the tone
The words of Petronius are: “ Dum of carmine, where numerous springs had
hæc ego jam credenti persuadeo, Giton, dislodged the powder by which the co-
conlectione spiritus plenus, ter continuo
ita sternutavit, ut grabatum concuteret: “Memoirs of the Institute of France,
Physical and Mathematical Section."


1819.]
141
Quaintness of Expression-Scotticisms Clerical Wit.
lour is produced. Saussure was at a Scotchman to command a West India-
loss how to account for this phenome- man, and heard with indignation that
non; he, however, supposed it to pro- Capt. C. insisted to have her fitted out
ceed froin the seminal powder of certain with guns. They mutually expostulated
plants peculiar to high mountains; but on the subject. The respectable, con-
M. Raymond attributes it with more scientious owner would not permit so
probability to the mica, which abounds flagrant a deviation from his pacific te-
among the Alps and Pyrenees, and nets. The brave seaman would not go
which, being probably reduced to pow. a voyage in time of war without means
der during the melting of the snow and to repel an enemy. At length the Cale-
ice, colours the water by which it is donian said :-
wasbed away.”
A. “ There is but one way to end this
QUAINTNESS OP EXPRESSION. debate. Suit (pronounced shoot) your-
It is difficult to define precisely what self, and I shall suit myself in half an
ve mean by the common term, “ quaint- hour."
ness of expression." It probably implies The quaker shocked by such a mea-
great simplicity of thought and lan- sure hastened to the counting-house of
guage, with a certain dryness which Mr D. who had recommended Capt. C.
is humourous from the perfect gravity “ Friend!" said he, “the person thou
and good faith in which the thought is hast spoken of so highly is a savagc, a
given, and the absence of all intention madman. Because I would not consent to
to excite ludicrous ideas. It is, in some equip the Neptune with guns, he bade
respects, synonymous with the French me shoot myself, and he will shoot him-
naireté. The following sentence, for self in half an hour.”
instance, alluding to poetical physicians When Mr. D. could command the
is quaint.
risible propensity, he explained the pro-
• Such physicians as I have marked to be nunciation in frequent use north of the
good practitioners, do all piddle somewhat Tweed; and he assured Mr. - that
in the art of versitying, and raise up their Capt. C. had the interest of his em-
contemplation very high-and their verses ployers in view by making a point of
are not of any rare excellencie.”
being enabled to defend their property.
English Translation of Huarte's Thus the difference was amicably set-
Examen de Ingenio. tled.
In the poem of Psyche, or Love's
CLERICAL WIT.
Mystery, by Dr. J. Beaumont, we have The facetious Watty Morison, as lic
an example of quaintness of poetical ex- was commonly called, was intreating the
pression, in the description which commanding officer of a regiment at
Aphrodisius gives of the court paid to Fort George to pardon a poor fellow
him, and the pretty messages sent him sent to the halberds. The officer grant-
by the ladies.
ed his petition, on condition that Mr
“ How many a pretty embassy have I Morison should accord with the first fa-
Received from them, which put me to my vour he asked. The favour was to per-
form the ceremony of baptism for a
"How not to understand--but, by-and-by, young puppy. A merry party of gentle-
Some comment would come smiling after it, men were invited to the christening.
But I had other thoughts to fill my head; Mr. Morison desired Major - to
Books called me up-and books put me to hold up the dog.
bed.”
“Aslam a minister of the Kirk of
The following ludicrous title to a col. Scotland,” said Mr. Morison, “ I must
lection of old poems, by George Gas- proceed accordingly."
coigne, has the appearance of being too Major - said he asked no more.
intentionally absurd to be called quaint: «Well then, Major, I begin by the
" A hundred sundrie flowers bound up in usual question : You acknowledge your-
one small posie, gathered partly by transla- self the father of this puppy ?"
tion, in the fine and outlandish gardens of The Major understood the joke, and
Euripides, Ovid, Petrarch, Ariosto, and threw away the animal. Thus Mr.
others, and partly by invention, out of our Morison turned the laugh against the
own fruitful gardens of England-yielding
no ensnarer, who intended to deride a sa-
sundrie sweet savours of tragical, comicali,
and moral discourses, both pleasant and
cred ordinance.
profitable to the well-smelling noses of learn-
On another occasion, a young officer
ed readers."
scoffed at the parade of study ta which
SCOTTICISMS.
clergymen assigned their right to remur
A quaker of Scarborough appointed a


142 Philosophical Historian--Intrepidity of a British Sailor. [March 1,
neration for labour, and he offered to artist, painted by order of Pope Inno-
take a bet he would preach half an liour cent VII the four cardinal virtues, with
upon any verse, or section of a verse, in their opposite vices. The Pope not
the Old or New Testament. Mr. Mori- rewarding him as he expected, he said,
son took the bet, and pointed out, And “ Holy father, shall I paint one more
the ass opened his mouth and he spoke. vice, called Ingratitude " “Yes," an-
The officer declined employing his elo- swered the Pope, “ if you add another
quence on that text. Mr. Morison won virtue, which is entitled Patience.
the wager, and silenced the scorner.
ANECDOTE OF GOLDSMITH.
A PHILOSOPHICAL HISTORIAN. Goldsmith was always plain in his
It has been justly observed that se appearance; but when a boy, and inn-
veral modern historians who have pre- mediately after suffering heavily from
tended to write in a philosophical spirit, the small pox, he was particularly ugly.
have been very indifferent as to the truth When he was about seven years old, a
or falsehood of the facts on which their fiddler who reckoned himself a wit, hap-
philosophy rested. The celebrated pened to be playing to some company
Abbé Ragnal was a writer of this class, in Mrs. Goldsmith's house. During a
as appears from the following anecdote: pause between two sets of country
- Towards the end of the year 1777, dances, little Oliver suprised the party
the Abbé Raynal calling one evening on by jumping up suddenly and dancing
Dr. Franklin at his lodgings in Paris, round the room. Struck with the
found, in company with the Doctor, grotesque appearance of the ill-favoured
their common friend Silas Deane. “ Ah! child, the fiddler exclaimed “ Æsop,"
Monsieur l'Abbé,"said Deane,“ we were and the company burst into laughter;
just talking of you and your works. Do when Oliver turned to them with a
you know that you have been very ill smile, and repeated the following cou-
served by some of those people who plet:-
have undertaken to give you information - Heralds, proclaim aloud, all saying,
on American affairs?" The Abbé re. “See Æsop dancing, and his Monkey play-
sisted this attack with some warmth; ing."
and Deane supported it by citing a va- INTREPIDITY OF A BRITISH SAILOR.
riety of passages from Raynal's works, The high born, liberally educated, and
which he alleged to be incorrect. At elegantly polished classes afford a very
last they came to the anecdote of Polly doubtful criterion of a national charac-
Baker, on which the Abbé had displayed ter, as refinement introduces a similarity
a great deal of pathos and sentiment. of habits, and, it may be added, that oc-
“ Now, here," says Deane, " is a tale in casions for displaying the discriininating
which there is not one word of truth." shades seldom óccur. It is in the hum-
Raypal fired at this, and asserted he had bler walks of life we must seek for the
taken it from an authentic memoir re- genuine disposition of a people. Sailors,
ceived from America. Franklin who more especially, are least tinctured by
had amused himself hitherto with listen- l'esprit de societié, and volumes might be
ing to the dispute of his friends, at filled with authenticated records of the
length interposed. “My dear Abbé," hunanity, the disinterested greatness of
said he, “shall I tell you the truth?- mind, inartificially exhibited by British
When I was a young man, and rather tars. As your Miscellany is so exten-
more thoughtless than is becoming at sively circulated on the continent, per-
our present time of life, I was employed mit me to observe, that anecdotes of our
in writing for a newspaper; and, as it scamen would be highly gratifying to
sometimes happened that I wanted ge- Britons residing in foreign parts; and I
nuine materials to fill up my page, I believe the following is little known,
occasionally drew on the stores of my though it deserves universal attention, as
imagination for a tale which might pass an evidence of undaunted intrepidity and
current as a reality; now this very exalted gratitude for mild treatment,
anecdote of Polly Baker was one of my when a prisoner, and manly religious
inventions." “And upon my word," confidence.--The hero, Daniel Bryan,
cried Raynal, quitting at once the tone was a few years ago a pensioner in the
of dispute for that of flattery, “I would Royal Hospital at Greenwich ; when far
much rather insert your fictions in my advanced in years, and captain of the
works than the truths of many other foretop, he was turned over from the
people."-Such is the way in which Blanche frigate to Sir Sidney Smith's
modern philosophers write history! ship, Le Tigre. During the siege of
ANDREA MARTINETI, a celebrated Acre, he made frequent applications to


1819.]
Original and Select Poetry.
143
be employed on shore, but his age and my an advantage, by reducing the num-
deafness were considered as insuperable ber of champions for Old England, and
disqualifications. At the first storming the junior tars slung and lowered him
of the breach, one of the French gene- down, with his implements for action.
rals was slain, among the multitudes of His first difficulty was to drive away the
his countrymen, who were immolated to dogs. The French levelled their
the mad ambition of Napoleon. The pieces- they were ready to fire at the
Turks struck off the head of this officer, veteran, who, as he professed, went to
and, after inhumanly mangling his body, bury the French general, because his
threw it out to be devoured by dogs, countrymen had treated him well, when,
Bryan heard his messmates describe this 20 years ago, their prisoner: but an of-
horrid spectacle, and when any boat's ficer discerning Bryan's friendly inten-
crew returned from the shore, he often tions, threw himself across the file. The
enquired if they had buried the French din of arms was instantaneously sus-
general ? The answer he commonly re- pended ; and in the dead solemn'inter-
ceived was _“Go, and do it yourself."- val, our British seaman performed the
Daniel Bryan reiterated his requests for rites of sepulture for a general of his
leave to go and see the town; and, dress- foes. He made the signal, and was
ed in his best clothes, went with the sur. hoisted into the town.
geon in the jolly-boat. He procured a few days passed, and Sir Sidney
pick-axe, a shovel and a rope, and insist. Smith being informed of Dan Bryan's
ed upon being let down from a port-hole achievement, ordered him into the
close to the breach. Some young mess- cabin.
mates begged hard to share his danger, “Well, Dan, I hear you have buried
for a slight circumstance enkindles the the French general?
nobler and milder virtues that blend “Yes, your honor."
with invincible valour in the bosom of a “ Had you any assistance ?"
British sailor. Bryan would not permit “Yes, your honor."
his young friends to risk their lives. He “I understood you had nobody with
said, they were too far from Old Eng-
land to get new supplies of hardy fel “ But I had, your honor."
lows, and they must take care of them- “Ah, who had you?"
selves, as the honor of the British flag “God Almighty, Sir.”
sat upon every single arm in their cou “ The very best assistant. Give old
rageous band. He would go alone-he Dan a glass of grog."
was old and deaf, and his loss would not Dan drank to Sir Sidney's health, and
be of any consequence. He was elo left the cabin much gratified. G.
quent in the style best adapted for dis * See Denon's Account of the Campaign
suading his hearers from giving the ene- in Egypt.
you."
ORIGINAL AND SELECT POETRY.
A WIDOWER'S ADDRESS TO THE SPIRIT OP When she, whose fond, maternal eye
His deaD CHILD, WRITTEN ON THE EN- Watched thy first, brightening hours of
VELOPB TO A LOCK OF HER HAIR.
bliss,
Pledge of a love, as pure and deep
Fled to a world beyond the sky,
And left us to the woes of this ;
As ever thrilled in mortal breast!
I would not, could I break thy sleep,
I deemed not Fate could have in store
Recall thee from the couch of rest,
A future grief to touch me more.
Where thou art now in peace reclining,
But soon, by dire experience taught,
A stranger to the world's repining!
I found that fantasy untrue;
Once more,—with added misery fraught,
No ;-bright as was thy brief career
The dark, death-dealing arrow flew;
In this wild waste of storm and gloom,
Oh, God! my soul,--erewhile in sadness,
And much as I have wished thee here
That stroke had almost stung to madness!
My soul's dark sorrows to illume,
In loneliness I'd rather languish,
The passions of that hour are past,
Than have thee partner in my anguish!
And brokenly my heart lives on;
Besides, would even Heaven allow
Tho' this will soothe me to the last
Whale'er betideto dwell upon :
Thy advent to this earth again;
That boon to thee were cruel now;
'Twere better far that thou shouldst be
Since human ills-a numerous train
Where now thou art, than here with me!
Would cross thee in thy path of Life,
Yet looking on thy sun-bright tress,
And stir thy young,sweet thoughts to strife! Unlocks the source of dried up tears;
.
.
OR


Original and Select Poetry.
[March 1,
And thoughts intense and maddening, press And the heart that has roamed thro'a desert
On my hot brain :- tho' hopes or fears,
world to
Since thou, and thy sveet mother perished, Hath never met aught in that world like
Have ne'er by me been telt or cherished ! me thee!
Blossom of Love! yes, --on my mind My spirit may soar to the regions of light,
Strange and unusual feelings rush,
And rest in the isles of some happy sea;
· The flood-gates of my heart unbind
But where in the brightest of worlds shall
And bid its waters wildly gush,
she meet
As, gazing on these threads, I see
Another spirit as pure as thee. Z.
The all that now remains of thee!
Sweet Baby mine, farewell — Farewell !
A FAREWELL TO MY LYRE. Vre
I go to join the noisy throng;
Farewell, sweet companion in sorrow and
But, in my soul's deep haunted cell,
pleasure,
Thoughts that to thine and thee belong,
From thy numbers, awhile, Fate has
Shall ever bloom-as fresh and fair
doomed me to part;
As if they'd just been planted there.
And I feel as the mourner deprived of his
treasure,
And oh! if tears of woe can nourish
The all that to life could attach his fond
The flowers of memory in the breast;
heart
Then those in mine will surely flourish;
For the world has entwined a dark wreath for
And each succeeding hour invest
my brow;
Their stems with charms unknown before, ,
Till we three meet to part no more!
I must join the vain crowd in its frenzied
career ;-
Feb. 15, 1819.
And the thoughts that have softened-ard
sadden me now
LINES ADDRESSED TO A REAL CẢARACTER. Must,too soon,be exchanged for sensations
less dear.
Gentle, manly, mild and brave,
Tho' no sunshine of Fame light the gloom
With graceful form and verbal cheek;
Bold as Chief in danger's hour,
of thy slumbers,
Soft as woman in sufferings meek !
Tho' thy master regret thy wild music
alone,
The ireful clouds of stormy life
When-his penance complete-he returns
Have o'er thee oft iheir shroudings drawn;
to thy numbers,
But thou wert a bright and peaceful star, Hope whispers he'll find thee ennobled in
Sparkling thro' all,--and sailing on!
tone.
Thou art a beautiful vision, seen
And should our weak lays but create in the
Half thro’ the mist and half by the
breast
1 moon;
Where sincerity glows, a kind wish or a
But the mist is gathering fast and foul,
thought,
And the lovelier light is fading soon. Then thy tenderest chords have not vainly
Thou art a flower, on whose soft cup
been prest,
The shower of grief beats hard and Nor the guerdon denied, I so earnestly
chill;
sought.
But, thro' the dimness of its dews,
Boulogne, 1816.
ARION.
The tints of Heaven are gleaming still.
There is a smile in thy soft blue eye
HYMN TO THE OMNIPOTENT.
Whose light seems borrowed from a tear;
LORD of universal Nature,
And in its orh both joy and grief
God of every living creature,
Seem ever mingled, or ever near. .
Light of morning--shade of even,
King of Ocean, Earth and Heaven,
And joy so meek is akin to grief,
Whilst I prostrate bow before thee,
And grief so chastened half is bliss ;- *
Teach my spirit to adore thee!
And the cloudless light of a sun-like eye
Never boasted a blended charm like this. .
Soul of love--and source of pleasure,
Mine of every richer treasure,
There's music in thy very sighs
King of tempest,-storm, and shower,
To chide the grief' it hall beguiles;
Ruler of each secret power,
And the twilight shade of thy pensive brow Whilst for favor I implore thee,
Is sweeter to me than a noon of smiles.
Teach my spirit to adore thee!
Thy fine toned heart,-like the harp of the Spring of river,--lake, and fountain,
Piler of the rock and mountain,
Answers in sweetness each breeze that Breath of animal creation,
sings;
Life of varied vegetation,
And the blast of grief-or the breath of joy, Whilst I prostrate bow before thee,
Draws nothing but music from its strings. Teach my spirit to adore thee! ...
The Bird that skimmed the shoreless deep First and last,-Eternal Being,
Saw but one Ark where her rest might be; All pervading, and all sceing,
:
winds,


1819.)
Original and Select Poetry.
145
guile
Centre of divine perfection,
Like that frail plant whose shrinking leaves
Whence the planets learn subjection,
betray
Whilst for favor I implore thee,
The careless pressure of an idle hand-
Teach my spirit to adore thee!
My heart, unschooled in guile, could ne'er
Oxford, June 25, 1818. T. GILLET.
command
Its hectics of the moment:--let thy ray,
SONNET TO A BEAUTIFUL LITTLE GIRL, Then, thou sweet source of sorrow and de-
AGED FIVE YEARS,
light,
Sweet opening bud of innocence, – thy Beam on thy votary's soul with more a:-
smile,
tempered light!
And the wild sparkle of thine eye, denote Jan. 1818.
A. A. W.
A bosom free from all corrosive thought !
Oh! may'st thou ever thus dear babe be-
SONNET. THE RING RETURNED.
(Fion the Italia.]
With frolic mirtli-thy future hours, and
a Oh, Lady mine!* preserve unbroken,
The tender ties of amity,
life
And I shall never need a token,
Be still to thee with magic wonders rife.
To bid my soul remember thee!
May heavenly VIRTUE with her smiling
What tho we have so seldom met,
train,
Within thine infant breast her sway main-
What tho' we ne'er may meet again,-
Thro' hours of woe, with fond regre!,
tain;
By cautious actions early guard thy ways,
My bosom shall thy form retain.--
Where tempting Vice darts her too fasci. Then Lady mine, lake back the ring!
nating rays.
I want no pledge to make me blest;-
Some griefs--for they are human nature's No talisman--no spell to bring
lot-
Feelings that cannot be represt;
On this eventfal stage must be thy doom; Since, whatsoe'er my future lot,
But may they transient prove--and soon Believe me thou'll be ne'er forgot!
forgot-
A. A. W.
And years of joy succeed to momentary
THE PAINS OF MEMORY.
gloom.
When joy its fairest flowers haih shed
Boulogne, Nov. 1810. A. A. W.
And e'en Hope's blossoms too are dead;
Tho' MEMORY thro' the cloud of woe
SONNET TO SENSIBILITY.
A momentary gleam may throw;
I always loved thee, Sensibility!
'Tis one of those sad rays of light,
And, tho' thou oft hast served to work me which nocks awhile the mourner's sight.
voe,
Then leaves his soul 'mid tenſold night:
Do love thee still.-Nurtured beneath thine
ARION
eye,
For me the “ meanest, simplest flowers
COMPARISON.
that blow,"
As the rose of the valley when dripping
Can raise up “ thoughts that lie too deep
with dew,
for tears."
Is the sweetest in odours, and fairest in hue;
Not all the joys the multitude can know So the glance of dear Woman the brighter
Should e'er seduce my bosom to forego
appears,
Thy sacred feelings !-- Yet, from earliest When it beams, from her eloquent eye, thro'
years-
her tears!
ARION.
MIDNIGHT
How gloomy and dim is the scowl of the
'Tis night, and in darkness :—the visions of v
heaven,
Whose azure the clouds with their dark-
youth
Flit solemn and slow in the eye of the
ness invest;
mind;
Not a star o'er the shadowy concave is given,
The hopes that excited have perished ;-and To omen, a something like hope in the
breast.
truth
Laments o'er the wreck they are leaving Hark! how the lone night-wind uplosses
behind.-
the forest;
'Tis midnight; and wide o'er the regions A downcast regret thro’ the mind slowly
of riot
steals :
Are spread, deep in silence, the wings of But ah ! 'tis the tempests of Fortune, that
sorest
repose;
And man soothed from revel and lulled into The desolate heart in its loneliness feels.
quiet,
Forgets in his slumber the weight of his
* "Oh, Lady mine?" Sir P. Sydney. --
woes.
New MONTHLY Mac. -- No. 62. Vol. XI.


146
[March 1,
Original and Select Poetry.
are cold:
lip.
Where, where are the spirits in whom was The happy grateful spirit that improves,
my trust;
And brightens every gift by Fortune
Whose bosoms with mutual affection did
given;
burn?
That, wander where it will, with those it
Alas! they are gone to their homes in the
loves,
dust;
Makes every place a home, and home a
The grass rustles drearily over their urd:
heaven ;-
Whilst I, in a populous solitude languish,
All these were his.-Oh! thou who read'st
'Mid foes who beset me, and friends who
this stone,
When for thyself,—thy children, the
Yes,--the pilgrim of earth oft bas felt in his
sky
anguish
Thou humbly prayest, ask this boon alone,
That the heart may be widowed before it be That ye like him may live-like him may
old !
die!
Affection can soothe but its votaries an October, 1818.
hour,
THE PICTURE.
Doomed soon in the flames that it raised
Oh, what a sweet and animated grace
to depart;
But oh! Disappointment has poison and Plays round ihe mouth, and beams from those
blue eyes
power
To rume and fret the most patient of
ont of Upon the cheek --The rose's faintest fiusb,
So exquisitely tinged, appears to rise
heart!
How oft 'neath the dark-pointed arrows of with th
and armouse of With the embodied thought, that from her
mahce
Ilath merit been destined to bear and to
Seems hovering: on the forehead's snowy
seems novering on the bore
bleed;
white,
And they wno of pleasure have emptied the
The dark and clustering ringlets richly
chalice,
ware,
Can' tell that the dregs are full bitter
In careless elegance. -Jost such a vision-
Sketched in the day-dream of the enthusi-
indeed!
ast's eye
Let the storms of adversity lower,--'tis in vain, Might sport upon the sun-light, wing its
Tho' friends should forsake me and foes
way
should condemo;
From fiower to flower, and breathe their
These may kindle the breasts of the weak to
soft perfume-
complain
And live upon their sweets. Where is it
They only can teach resignation to mine :
now!
For far o'er the regions of doubt and of This form of love-this being of earth's
dreaming,
mould
The spirit beholds a less perishing span; Is faded from the world--for ever gone!-
And bright thro’ the tempest the rainbow is Is it not sad to think, that ere that hour,
streaming,
Sorrow, perchance, had chased away those
The sign of forgiveness from MAKER to
smiles,
Man!
Dulled the blue eye with tears—and from
the cheek
The following Lines, from the pen of Tho- Washed the young rose, and made the
MAS MOORE, Esq. are to be engrared on
heavy heart
the Monument about to be erected to Turn from this scene of agony-and pray,
the Memory of his late Friend, Joseph If peace dwell in the grave, to slumber
Alkinson, Esq. of Dublin.
there.
If ever lot was prosperously cast,
- To* #
If ever life was like the lengthened flow
of some sweet music,-sweeiness to the
(From the Literary Gazette.)
Thy kiss is sweet,-but cannot call
last,
.: 'Twas his, who mourn'd by many, sleeps
Departed feelings from the dead;
"
below.
Thy smiles are ardent,-but they fall
Upon a heart so withered,
The sunny temper,-bright where all is That all the quickening beams of love
strife,
Must shied iilusive warmth in vain;
The simple heart that mocks at worldly And tears as unavailing prove
* wiles,
To rear one shoot of hope again.
Light wit that plays along the calm of life,
e, Yes,--doubt me not--I loved thee well,
And stirs its languid surface into smiles ;- . But never thought too well 'till now;
Pure charity that comes not in a shower, A gloom that thou cans't not dispel,
Sudden, and loud, oppressing what it A coldness thou cans't not subdue,
feeds;
Comes o'er my bosoma's genial flow,
But like the dew with gradual, silent power, Fanning it with its hated wings .
Feit in the bloom it leaves along the Oh! purest feelings, frozen, grow
meads;
Hard as the ice of clearest springs.
E.W.


1819.)"
147
Capt. Golownin's Account of Jupan.
STANZAS.
Can absence calm this feverish thrill?
Ah, no! for thou wilt haunt me still!
While thou at even-tide art roaming,
Along the elm o'ershadowed walk, Thy artless grace,-thy open truth,
While past the eddying stream is foaming, Thy form that breathes of love and youth ;
And falling down,-a cataract;
Thy voice, by Nature framed to suit
Where I to thee was wont to talk;
The tones of Love's enchanted lute;
Think thou upon the days gone by, Thy dimpling cheek and deep blue eye,
And heave a sigh!
Where tepder thought and feeling lie;- .
When sails the moon above the mountains, Thine eye-lid like the evening cloud
And cloudless skies are purely blue, That comes the star of love to shroud ;
And sparkle in the light of fountains, Each witchery of soul and sense,
And darker frowns the lonely yew;
Enshrined in Angel innocence,
Then, be thou melancholy too;
Combined to frame the fatal spell
When pausing on the hours I proved
That blest-and broke my heart--PAREWELL.
With thee beloved!
When wakes the dawn upon thy dwelling,
And lingering shadows disappear;
THE LAST TEAR.
As soft the woodland songs are swelling She had done weeping,---but her eyelash yet
A choral anthem on thine ear;
Lay silken heavy on her lilied cheek,
Muse for that hour to thought is dear; And on its fringe a tear, like a lone star
And then its flight remembrance wings Shining above the rich and hyacinth skirts
To by-past things.
Of the western clouds that veil the Aprileve;-
To me thro' every season dearest!
The veil rose up and with it rose the star,
Glittering above the gleam of tender blue
In every scene,-by day, by night,
That widened as the shower clears off from
Thou present to my mind appearest
Heaven.
A quenchless star, for ever bright,-
Her beauty woke ;-a sudden beam of son!
My solitary, sole delight
Alone in wood-by shore or sea,
Flashed from her eye, and lit the vestal's
cheek
I think of thee!
Into one crimson,--and exhaled the tear!
A PAREWELL.
Maid of my heart-a long farewell !
FROM THE ARABIC.
The bark is launched, the billows swell,
Oh! ask me not-oh! task me not
And the vernal gales are blowing free,
Her monument to see,
To bear me far from love and thee!
For doubly blest is there the rest,
I hate Ambition's haughty name,
Which never comes to me.
And the heartless pride of Wealth and Fame; Oh! say not 30—you may not so
Yet now I haste thro' ocean's roar
All powerful Love inhume;
To woo them on a distant shore.
For in your breast, while life's a guest,
Can pain or peril bring relief
The heart's her real tomb.
To him who bears a darker grief?
CRITICAL REMARKS ON NEW PUBLICATIONS.
Recollections of Japan ; comprising a par researches and inventions of another ;
ticular Account of the Religion, Lan- whilst by the general liberty of com:
guage, Government, Laws and Manners merce. the acauisitions of ana,
merce, the acquisitions of one nation, in
of the People : with Observations on the
the various branches of science, have
Geography, Climate, Population and
been communicated to its neighbour;
Productions of the Country, by Captain
and thus a general fund of knowledge
GOLOWNIN, R. N. 8vo. pp. 302.
has been accumulated, which is conti-
AMIDST a variety of striking pecu-
cu nually increasing, and must still necessa-
liarities by which the inhabitants of the
rily augment, from the innumerable
eastern are distinguished from those of contributions it receives. It is, indeed,
the western hemisphere, the most re- a stream fed by countless and inexhausti.
markable is the fixity, among the former, ble rills.-In Asia, on the contrary, the
of their national laws, customs and man- sun of science had shed its morning
ners. In Europe the progression of
beams upon the southern nations many
knowledge has, for nearly four centuries,
ages before it had dawned upon the
been comparatively. slow, but uninter-
gross .obscurity of the west, but this
rupted. To the improvements and dis- glorious luminary became, soon after its
coveries of one age, have been added the rising, stationary in the oriental hemi.


148
[March 1,
Recollections of Japan.
sphere,and has never yet approached the titled Niphon, mans smaller ones, and
meridian. Mankind in those remote re- the southern part of the peninsula of
gions were civilized at a very early pe- Sagaleen. It stretches from the 31st to
riod, and made, as it were simultane- nearly the 46th degree of north latitude,
ously and per saltul, important and ra- comprehending almost every variety of
pid strides in the acquisition of the use- climate and production. The striking
ful arts, and in many of the liberal sci peculiarity of the former is its extreme
ences--but at that point they halted, severity in the winter, even in a very
and have remained, for upwards of a low latitude. Capt. Golownin's account
thousand years, nearly in the same posi- of this phenomenon, and of its causes,
tion. Doubtless, this suspension of the we shall give in his own words:-
inarch of the human faculties, towards On a comparison of the geographical situa-
perfectibility, is chiefly to be attributed tion of the Japanese possessions, with that of
to the despotism of the different govern the countries of the western heurisphere,
ments of the cast, the slender informa under the same degrees of latitude, it might
tion possessed by their subjects in the be imagined that the climate, the changed
arts of navigation, the inveteracy of
the seasons, and the atmosphere were alike
their prejudices, and, above all, the in-
in both; but such a conclusion would be
very erroneous.* The difference of the two
toleravt and jealous spirit, which marks,
parts of the world, in this respect, is so strik-
for example, the transactions of the na-
ing, that it deserves more particular notice.
tives of China and Japan, with strang. I will take as an example Matsmai, where I
ers. Until their shackles and their pre- lived two years. This town lies in the forty
possessions are removed, the oriental second degree of latitude, that is, on a parallel
nations will never attain to the full ma with Leghorn in Italy, Bilboa in Spain, and
turity of the intellectual stature of Eu Toulon in I'rance. In these places, tħe in-
ropeans.
habitants hardly know what frost is; and
We have been led into these desaltory never see any snow, except on the tops of
remarks from the consideration of the
high mountains: in Matsmai, on the con-
very interesting volume before us: their
trary, the ponds and lakes freeze; the snow
lies in the vallies and on the plains, from
truth will be sufficiently demonstrated
November till April, and falls, besides, in as
in the sequel. In a preceding Number
of our Magazine, a few strictures were
offered on Capt. Golownin's “ Narra-
* Charlevoix states, that the Japanese are
tive of his Captivity in Japan," which much prejudiced in favour of their own eli-
valuable and important work contains a
mate, and acknowledges that it must be very
healthy, since the people are lonlived, the
great variety of curious details respect-
ing the Japanese nation. The scattered
women'prolific, and diseases very uncom-
mon. We know not what depender.ce o
rays of light which were there effused
place upon Kempfer's wonderful story of a
upon the institutions, political economy Village upon the side of a mountaio, all the
and character of that singular people, inhabitants of which were children), grand
are here brought into one focus.
and great grand children of a single maa
The “ Recollections" comprise an then living; and all of them handsome, well
epitome of the geographical situation, made, polished, civil, and possessing the
climate, and extent of Japan-origin of manners of people brought up at couri.
the Japanese nation, religious customs,
It seems, however, that little reliance can
progress of civilization and language,
be placed upon the extraordinary boasts re-
laws and government of the empire, pro-
specting the Japanese climate ; since the Je-
ductions of the country, trade and com-
suits conſess that the weather is very change-
merce, population and military force;
able; that the winter cold is intense; and
the fall of spow prodigious: that the sum-
and, lastly, an account of the people who mer heats are intolerable; that it rains
pay tribute to the Japanese and their often, and at seasons; the heaviest rains
colonies. Our limits will not allow us to being in June and July, which portion of
quote largely from our author, in his il- the year the Japanese distinguish by the
lustrations of these heads; but we shall name of the water months; and that thus-
endeavour to make our readers acquaint- der and lightning are then extremely free
ed with the substance of his statements, quent. As a counterbalance to these ipcon-
adhering to the order observed in the veniences, the Jesuit writers whimsically
volume itself, and citing such passages as
throw into the opposite scale, the length of
arc particularly explanatory of the sub-
the winter, which they describe as giving
the weather time to purify itself, whilst the
ject treated on
rains resoften it, and the various natural
GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION, CLIMATE,
E, productions cause salutary exhalations; es-
AND EXTENT OP JAPAN..
- pocially from the sulphur and the aromatic
Japan consists of one large island, en- plants with which these islands abound, Ed.


1819.1
149
Recollections of Japan.
great abundance as with us in St. Peters- mote antiquity, the whole earth was covered
burgh. Severe frosts are indeed. uncom with water, in which state it remained, dur-
mon; yet the cold is often fiſtcen degrees of ing a countless series of years, without the
Reaumur. In summer, the parts of Eu- Almighty Creator, whom the Japanese call
rope under the same latitude as Matsmai, Tenko Sama (Ruler of Heaven) having cast
enjoy, almost constantly, serene and warm his eye upon it. At length Kami, bis eldest
weather; in Matsmai, on the other hand, the son, obtained permission to put the earth in
rain pours down in torrents, at least twice order and to people it. He therefore took
a week, the horizon is involved in dark an extremely long staff to sound the depth,
clouds; violent winds blow, and the fog is which he found to be the least, exactly in the
scarcely ever dispersed. In the former, place where Japan now rises out of the sea.
oranges, lemons, figs, and other produc- He threw earth from the bottom up in a
tions of the warm climates, thrive in heap, and created the island of Niphon, fur-
the open air ; in the latter, apples, pears, nished it with all the natural productions
peaches and grapes, hardly attain their pro- which still flourish there, divided himself
per maturity.
into two beings, one male, and one female;.
I have noi, it is true, been in Niphon, the and peopled the new country : when the
principal island of the Japanese possessions; other children of God saw their brother's
but I have heard from the Japanese, that in work, they did the same in other parts of
Yeddo, the capital city of the empire, in the the globe, and though they succeeded in
thirty-sixth degree of latitude, snow often creating countries, ordering and peopling
falls, in the winter nights, to the depth of an them, they, however, had not the skill which
inch or more. It is true it melts immedi- their elder brother possessed ; and hence in
ately the next day; but if we consider that their creation of countries and men they did
Yeddo is under the same latitude as Malaga, not attain to the same perfection. For this
in Spain, we shall be convinced that the cli- reason the Japanese are superior to all the
mate of the eastern hemisphere is much ru- other inhabitants of the earth, and the pro-
der than that of the western. The Japa- ductions of Japan better than all others.
nese assured me, that on the Southern part Teske, who related to us this tradition from
of Sagaleen, in ihe forty-seventh degree of their ancient history, laughed, and said, that
latitude, the ground is often thawed during even to this day, most of his countrymen
the summer, only to a depth of a foot and believed the silly fable, and many affirmed
a half. If we compare with this the climate that a part of the staff which their first an-
of a place in Europe, whose latitude corre- cestor had employed to measure the depths
sponds, for example, Lyons in France, how of the ocean, still existed as an evergreen
different are the results. That the ac- tree, on one of the highest mountains in the
counts given by the Japanese are true, I Island of Niphon. p. 8.
cannot doubt; for we ourselves met with RELIGION AND RELIGIOUS CUSTOMS.
great fields of ice, so late as the month of Four different systems of religion
off the Kurile Island of Raschaua in la prevail in Japan: first the adoration of
titude forty-seven degrees forty-five minutes.
immortal spirits, or children of the
At this season no ice is to be seen with us in
the Gulph of Finland, in sixty degrees north
highest being, and the worship of saints.
latitude; though the water there, from being
Temples are constructed to the honor
so confined, has not power to break the ice,
of these divinities and saints : secondly,
which vanishes more in consequence of the
the religion of the Bramins derived
effects of the rays of the sun. Off Japan,
from India.--The subjoined extract
on the contrary, the waves of the ocean must presents a most remarkable proof of
break it up much sooner, if the sun acted the early introduction of orthodox
with the same power. p. 5.
Christianity into Japan, and of the cor-
Japan abounds with lofty mountains, ruption of its doctrines.
has several volcanoes, one of prodigious The facts connected with this (the Bra-
elevation, and is particularly exposed to min) religion, manifest in a most extraordi-
earthquakes. .
nary degree the rapid diffusion of the know-
ORIGIN OF THE JAPANESE NATIOx. ledge, tho' corrupted, of the Christian relia
It appears likely that the Japanese gion to the eastward of Judea. About the
derive their origin from the Mantchous. year A. D. 55, the Chinese cmperor Mimti,
who inhabit the eastern coasts of Tar-
heard of a sect in India called the sect of
Xaca, and he was so much pleased with
tary to the northward of the great
wall, and were, most probably, the
* Another statement says, " That'at the
progenitors of the Kurile nation: the beginning of the world, the first of Seven
superior ingenuity and probity of the celestial Spirits arranged the chaos, or
Japanese sufficiently redeems' them confused mass of land and sea, whey from a
from the disgrace of a Chinese Extrac- the end of a rod, with which he performed,
it, there fel a muddy froth, which con 17"
Among other things they related thạt densed, and formed the Islands of Japan."
they had a tradition, that, at a seriod of re- , -Ed. 2* - :!*:': " more!
tion,


150
[March 1,
Recollections of Japan.
o tornis, as to send special messengers and education are, for the most part,
thither, with orders to acquire a perfect lufidels and Atheists. No persecution
krowledge of their forms and opinions. exists in Japan, but every one follows
About the year A. D. 62, these messengers the religion he prefers without molesta-
returning by way of Japan, found the te- tion. Christianity alone is prohibited
nets of Xaca already introdoced there-a by the seve
by the severest laws. The Japanese
brief sketch of which will suffice to prove
have numerous monasteries for the de-
the fact in qurstion. Some of these were,
votees of each sex, which do not differ
that there are future recompenses esta-
blished for virtue, and punishments for vice: Very, materially from the ecclesiastica!
that good men after death are received into establishments of a similar nature in
a place of happiness, where all desires are Catholic countries; their members pro-
fuiflled; but the wicked are shut up in a fessing celibacy, but living in inconti-
place of torment; that Xaca is the Saviour nence ; renouncing the world, but cons
of mankind; that he was born of a female triving to enjoy all its comforts and luxu.
in order that he might recal man to the way ries, and also in being useless drones
of salvation, from whence he had previously and morbid excrescences upon the poli-
seen that they had strayed; that he came tical body. The spiritual emperor Kin.
to expiate the sins of the world, in order
er Rey is the head of the ancient Japanese
Ravi
that after death, they might acquire a happy
religion.
resurrection; and that the Godhead consists
He not only confers the highest ecclesi-
of three persons in unity-a coincidence in
chronology and doctrine which strikes at
astical dignities, but also bestows, on the
superior officers of the state, the dignity or
the very root of those assertions of infidelity,
spiritual title of Kami, which the greatest
that would look for the origin of the Christ-
men in the empire think it the highest honor
ian gospel, in the corrupted traditions of the
to obtain. I have already had occasion to
East, supported by the unfounded asser-
mention this dignity. The Kin-Rey is in-
tions of anterior antiquity.-It is a remark-
visible to all classes of the people, except his
able fact, that the followers of this religion
worship an image with three heads and
own household, and the ottices of the tem-
forty hands, as a symbol of a Trinity of per-
poral emperor, who are often sent to him.
sons in the Godhead, and of the universality
Once a year, only, upon a great festival, he
walks in a gallery, which is open below, so
of the divine operations. They believe,
also, that whatever crimes may have been
that every body can approach and see his
feet. He always wears silk cloaths, which
committed, the sinner may expect salvation
if he dies invoking the Deity, whom they
from the very first preparation of the silk,
they are manufactured by the hands of pure vir-
represent as having undergone a most severe
gins. His meals are brought to him each
penance, in order to wash away the sins of
time in new vessels, which are then broken.
mankind. They also believe that this God
is invisible, and of a nature quite distinct
This, say the Japanese, is done, because no-
from
body is worthy to eat out of the same vessel
the elements of matter; that he ex-
after him : if any one ventured it, or did it
isted before the creation; that he had no
by mistake, he would immediately die. He
beginning, and will have no end ; that all
is never permitted to touch the earth, lest
things were created by him; that his essence
he should be defiled; wherefore his locomo.
is spread through the heavens, upon the
tion is performed on the shoulders of his
earth and beyond it, that he is present every
courtiers. Even his hair, beard, and nails,
where; that he governs and preserves all
are only cut when he is asleep. He is oblig-
things; that he is iminoveable, immaterial,
and ought to be reverenced, as the inex-
ed to sit during the greatest part of the day
upon his throne, with the crown upon his
haustible source of all good. p. 45.
head, and immoveable as a statue, which
Thirdly the religion of Confucius,
15, state of quiescence is considered not only as
state'.
and fourthly, the adoration of the hea- emblematic, but as productive of the tran-
venly bodies.
quillity of the empire. If, however, he
They consider the sun as the highest di- should move himself in the slightest degree,
vinity, then follow the moon and stars. or turn towards any particular province,
'Almost every constellation forms a separate they imagine that war, famine, and deso-
divinity; these divinities contend with each lation must instantly ensue. When this
other, and make peace; form alliances by period of purgatory is over, he is permitted
marriage, seek to outwit and to injure each to rise, and the crown is lelt quietly to per-
other; in short, according to the belief of form his sedentary functions. His head-
the Japanese, they have all human weak- dress and ornaments, as well as his habits,
inesses, and live like men, only with the dif- bear a great resemblance to the state cos-
ference that they are immortal, and assume tume of his Holiness the Pope ; but as a
ny shape they please. This religion gave counterbalance to his temporary state of qui-
origin to a sect who adore fire, and consider escence, he is permitted to marry a dozen
it as a divinity derived from the sun. p. 47. wives ! He changes his dress every day;
The common people are remarkably but very little to the emolument of his valet,
superstitious, and those of superior rauk or to the shopkeepers in the Japanese Mon-


1819.)
Recollections of Japan.
151
mouth Street, since it is believed that any The bagnios are under the protection of the
person putting on bis cast off cloaths, laws, and have their regulations, rules, and
would instantly be afflicted with a general privileges. The owners of such houses
bodily inflammation. Even his crockery- are not considered infamous, and enjoy
ware of all sorts is broken after being once the same rights as merchants, who deal
used; whilst the cups and saucers of his in a permitted commodity with the consent
twelve helpmates join in the general crash. of the government: but the Japanese avoid
Note, page 67.
being acquainted with them. "The lovers
XATIONAL CHARACTER, CIVILIZATION of such places generally visit them from
AND LANGUAGE.
sun-set to sun-rise. The music plays and
This is a very copious and important the drum is beat. There were some such
head; and to do justice to its details, houses near oor abode, and I cannot re-
we should embody into this article al member that a single night passed without
most all the author's statements. The our hearing the drum: berce, I conclude,
following may be considered as a sum-
that these places are never without visitors.
mary of the national character of the
The Japanese told us, that at Yeddo, the
capital of the temporal emperor, there are
Japanese :--They are active, industrious,
u5, numbers of the largest buildings of this
inquisitive, temperate, generous, honest kind. which are nothing inferior, in mag-
and compassionate; capable of extraor- nificence, to the palaces of princes. In one
dinary enterprise, eminently polite and of these temples, dedicated to Venus, there
courteous; they possess a high, and are six hundred priestesses, and yet the
eren romantic sense of honour; and are porters are often obliged to refuse ad-
universally learned, in proportion to mittance to young worshippers of the god-
their opportunities of acquiring informa dess, because there is no vacancy. We
tion ;-but they are, at the same time,
were assured that the proprietors of these
deceitful, vindictive, and unchaste. The
magnificent magazines, spare nothing to
great and amiable qualities of the Japa-
furnish them with the most beautiful mer-
chandize, and this is very easily to be be-
nese are exemplified by Captain Go-
0 lieved. On one of our walks in Matsmai,
towpin in almost every page of his book. the interpreters, to gratify our curiosity,
Their extreme politeness towards each led us past such a house: half a dozen
other has been described and accounted for, vour
for, young creatures ran to the door to see us.
by the earliest writers, who state, that all I observed, that some of them were in the
the riches of this powerful empire are in bloom of youth, and so handsome, that they
the hands of the princes and nobility, who would have done no discredit to a house of
make a great show of their wealth; their the same description in an European ca-
magnificence going to a greater extent than pital : but perhaps they appeared so to me
any thing known in Europe, or recorded only because
only, because my eyes had been so long
in the history of the most powerful monar- deprived of the sight of our fair country-
chies of ancient times. All this is seen by
by women. p. 22.
the great mass of the people, without the
The knowledge of the Japanese is
slightest envy; and if it happens that any
extensive; every individual learns to
nobleman, or man of high rank, by an un-
happy accident, or hy incurring the prince's
read and write. In agriculture, the
displeasure, should fall into indigence, still
chase, the fisheries, the manufacture of
he is not less haughty, nor less respected silk and woollen goods, and of por-
chan in his most brilliant fortunes! and celain, varnished goods, and polishing
into whatever misery or poverty a gentleman of metals, they are not at all inferior
may be reduced, he never forins an alliance to the Europeans. They are skilful
beneath his own rank.
cabinct-makers, and are thoroughly ac-
The point of honour is also extremely quainted with the manufacture of all
lively in all ranks, and the lowest of the articles appertaining to domestic econo-
people would feel themselves hurt by any me
Many my. They are but imperfectly versed
Ti
freedom of expression, even from a noble-
man of the first rank; and believe them-
in astronomy, and have only a slight
selves justified in manifesting their resent-
of knowledge of the mathematics, and the
ment. Thus every one is upon his cuard. more abstruse sciences. In painting,
and all ranks respect each other. p. 35.
architecture, sculpture, engraving, mu-
The greatest stain in their national sic and poetry, they are described as
character is the dissoluteness of their very far inferior to the Europeans.
manners.
· They are novices in the art of war; and
*** Among the vices of the Japanese, the are entirely ignorant of the best method
most prevalent appears to be incontinence. of constructing their vessels. The
Though the law does not allow them to take characters employed by the Japanese in
more than one wife, they have the right writing, rescinble those of the Chinese;
to keep concubines; and all opulent people that is, they are symbols. They write
make use of this right, even to exced. in a perpendicular line; and their lan-


152
[March 1,
Recollections of Japan.
guage is extremely difficult to learn, nor on account of the earthquakes; but
will they instruct a stranger in it. commonly of wood, and very slight, to
GOVERNMENT OF THE EMPIRE, LAWS suit the warmth of the climate. The
AND CUSTOMS.
insides of their dwellings are fitted up in
The form of government is remarkably a singular style.
complicated. The supreme spiritual au- Many of their apartments are embel-
thority has been already mentioned, and lished with a painting of a divinity, or
the shadows of secular power are rested richly ornamented papers, on which are
in the spiritual emperor; who is, never some favourite moral sentences of philoso-
theless, obliged to consult a council of phers or poets; in some instances, they have
five individuals, selected from the most
i grotesque caricatures of old Chinese, or
eminent personages in the state. There
birds, trees, or landscapes, painted upon
screens; in most houses they have fower
is also an assembly which we should de-
pois, filled with the most odoriferous flow-
nominate a senate. Japan is divided
ers, according to the season; and, in de-
into nearly two hundred principalities, fault of them, with artificial representations
each governed by its own hereditary of flowers, impregpated with odours; these,
prince, with absolute sway, except in together with perfuming pois oſ brass or
those points which relate to the general copper, in the shape of lions, cranes, and
administration of the Einpire; but the other rare animals, hangings of silk net,
Japanese laws, which emanate from the vessels of porcelain, and ranged in the
Emperor, are universally obeyed. There
neatest order, all produce the most pleasing
are also a numerous order of nobility,
effect.
Their love of ornament is, indeed, car-
who alone are eligible for places of profit
ried to an extreme, in pamerous instances :
and distinction; the remaining classes
at their feasts, it is often superfluous, and
are ecclesiastics, men of learning, in-
their ceremonies are nerer at an end. Their
cluding physicians, soldiers, merchants, attendants are most numerous; yet a word
mechanics, labourers, and slaves.
is never heard spoken, nor does there ever
The nobility enjoy very important pri- arise the slightest confusion; but the plates
vileges in Japan. All the places in the are ornamented with ribands; and if a
second council or senate, all the important partridge, or any other bird is served up,
offices of the state, and the posts of gover- it is sure to have its body varnished, and
nors in the imperial provinces, are filled its neck and feet gilded. Their feasts are
up entirely from their body alone. If a war always accompanied with music; but excess
breaks out, the commanding generals are is unknown." note to p. 113.
chosen from among the reigning princes Their streets are extremely parrow.
of the nobility. Every noble family has a Their municipal regulations admirable ;
particular distinction, and the right to keep
keep and might be advantageously adopted in
à train of honour, which is made use of by E
the eldest of the family. The nobility is
also hereditary, and descends to the eldest
Charlevoix asserts, that the number of
cities in Japan, in his time, amounted to
son, or according to the will of the father,
to the most worthy.
" thirteen thousand, almost all of which were
If the father judges
his legitimate unworthy of this dignity, he
populous. He describes them as being to--
e tally devoid of walls, with the streets gene-
may adopt a son from another family;
hence, a good-for-nothing nobleman is a
rally running in right lines, cutting each
rare phenomenon, which only the too great
other at right angles, with gates which are
love of a father for an unworthy son can
shut every night, generally much orna-
render possible. p. 85.
mented, and with guards regularly mounted.
The Japanese are remarkably severe.
The towns and villages, as stated by Kemp-
Their capital punishments are ripping
· fer, are too numerous for belief:-909,858,
generally built along great roads, and well
open the bowels and decapitation. The inhabited, principaily by shopkeepers and
use of torture is also authorized, but is artizans; these consist, indeed, of double
rarely inflicted. In fact, the rigour of rows of houses, but are so extensive and
their statutes operates in the same man- close to each other, as scarcely to have
ner as our penal code: they are, in marked limits.
most cases, evaded. Property, how. Every street has a superintendent off-
erer, of every kind, is secured to its cer or Ottona, who, like our constable of
possessor by the laws of Janan
the night,preserves good order after sun-set;
husband has the power of putting the
and is bound to obey the orders of superior
magistrates. The ottonas keep a register
adultress and her paramour to death, if
of all the residents in their peculiar streets,
surprised in the fact; so has a father
sed in the fact; so has a father of all births, deaths, and marriages, of all
of
with respect to the seducer of his who leave their homes for the purpose of
daughter; they have also unlimited travelling, or who change their residence
power over untoward children. The into any other street. The profession or
Japanese houses are not built of stone trade, condition in life, and religion of each
individual, are also carefully recorded.


1819.)., .
Human Life ; a Poem.
153
When disputes arise, the ottona calls the escapes from death, and the various pe-
parties before him, for the purpose of rils he has undergone--how at one time,
settling matters; but he has no power to lying wounded in the midst of contend-
enforce his recommendations, although he
ing masses, his countrymen passed him,
can punish slight crimes by imprisonnent. heedless of his single existence, whilst
Each ottona is elected by the inhabitants,
by a majority of voices; a certain number of
engaged in the struggle of a nation : and
names being chosen and presented to the go-
at another, how he avoided the observa-
vernors or mayors, for election or approval.
tion and brutality of the foe, by hiding
“ To each otiona there are three petty
himself among the yet warm bodies of
constables; besides which, like the old 'Saxo the slain, till at last, when night spread
on hundreds and tythings, all the inha- its shadows over the scene, he was saved
bitant householders of each street are di- by the tempted avarice of one, unused to
vided into parties of five, which will some- feelings of compassion,-and we then
times include fifteen families, each under listen with attention and sympathy. So
the inspection of a chiet, who is not only it is with didactic, compared with narra-
, responsible for their conduct in regard to tive, or individual poetry; and hence the
enquiry, but actually shares with them the
quantity of the latter so much exceeds
chastisement of their crimes or faults. In
each street there is a police clerk, who
that of the former, which is generally
writes out, and publishes the orders of the read in “ Elegant Extracts," or works of
ottona, and preserves the records. The a similar nature, professing to save us
office of treasurer is held by each inhabitant the trouble of wading through whole
in turn for a year; and there is is a mes- pages in search of a single liue. Amongst
senger who posts up orders, collects taxes, the poems of this class, of a more modern
brings information, &c. &c.” p. 118. date, we may instance the “ Pleasures of
(To be continued.)
Hope," which is now seldom spoken of,
Human Life, a Poem By SAMUEL 'Ro-
though most people are induced to pe-
gens. Quarto. pp. 91.
ruse it, in consequence of the minor
Didactic poctry, when it treats of hu-
compositions of the same author. We
man passions, as it is commonly devoted
are far from pretending to deny that it
to the description of general feelings,
contains many beautiful and energetic
unmarked by those traits and peculiari-
ties which distinguish the individual,
passages, but what are they in compari-
son with the occasional pieces of Camp-
does not create that deep and powerful
bell. We can sympathize with “ Lo-
interest which is excited when those feel.
chiel," who dares, even against the
ings are exemplified and brought home
warnings of Fate, to be loyal to him, he
to the affections of the reader, by the
deems his liege, though fallen sovereign.
portraiture of the enjoyments or suffer. We can feel with the « Exile of Erin,"
ings of real or imaginary personages.-- in his passionate exclamation --
It can, therefore, no more be expected « The wild deer and wolf to a covert can
to interest the common reader, than phi-
flee,
lanthropy or cosmopolitism can be But I have no refuge from famine and dan-
thought to actuate the mass of mankind :
ger;
for, unless we are enabled to picture to A home and a country remain not for
ourselres vividly and distinctly those ob-
me."
jects which are intended to excite our We can pity him, whilst we almost
sympathies, it is not the bare recital of watch him, as he gazes in despair on the
the most alarming and horrible catastro- waves which forin the girelle of his own
ples that will affect in the slightest de- "native isle of the ocean," knowing that
gree eren those of the most delicate sen- they are never to bear his bark towards its
sibility. A battle, however fatal may much loved shore; but we cannot be
have been its consequences, and nume- expected to be powerfully affected by
rous and noble the heroes who poured general and imperfect pliilosophical dis-
forth their souls in its strife, fills not the tinctions and comparisons between the
distant reader of a Gazette or History expectation and presence of objects. We
with horror or interest proportionate to cannot be thought to feel much for the
the occurrence; and though whole anticipations of a mother whilst rocking
masses of the slain may be described tí cradle of her infant hopc; nor for
with terrible fidelitv, yet the lady who the visions of home which arise in the
shrieks at the cry of a child, or falls into mind of a sailur on his return from a
hysterics at the sight of a spider, will distens land as long as the mother is
not unfrequently peruse the whole with- not particularized, by peculiar features
out the slightest emotion. But, let an aud characteristics, from the many cot.
individual rccount his own hair-hreadth tagers we deily see in the country, or
New MONTHLY MAG.--N0.62.
Vou. XI.


154
Human Life ; a Poem.
[March 1,
the sailor is undistinguished by any in- more especially as his efforts seem at-
dividual trait to separate him from thosc tended with less success at each publica-
masses which are constantly streaming tion. There are many poets at twenty-
from the public houses in the neighbour- one, who are no longer so at sixty; not
hood of Wapping. Yet these are the that we think poetry inconsistent with
most vivid delineations in the poem to that age, having the example of Dry.
which we allude.
deu's writing Palamon and Arcite at
Goldsmith, whom we look upon as 70: but old age, in many, becomes
the most successful of all didactic poets, more cautious; it gives more time to
avoided these defects by taking, as the polish, and seems to consider that ima-
subjects of his two poems, the scenes gination and thought may be supplied
and characters of nations—the descrip- by harmony of versification, and elegance
tion of a village, once happy and flourish- of diction. Such were probably elegant
ing, deserted by the aged with their poets' whilst the fervour of youth was
thousand associations of memory, and upon them, though, on account of the
by the young with the broken dreams of weakness of their passions, they were ne-
imagination, picturing the bliss they ver either forcible or striking ; but when
trusted to have enjoyed amidst the scenes old age, with its cool reflections, takes
of their infancy. We can fancy to ourn the place of passion, they sink entirely
selves the poet seated upon the summit into versifiers.
of an Alp, and calling to his remembrance The author before us is, we should
the features of those nations below him, think, better adapted to be the satirist
among which his flute had procured for of private society, than the writer of
him an hospitable reception, and we are commendatory verses on the human
deeply interested by the paintings which racc. His conversation-always full of
he professes to have studied from nature something innocently malicious, and
of the miseries arising from a popula- caustic, could scarcely mark him out as
tion forced into emigration.
the poet designated by the God to paint
Thomson's “Seasons" are but little human life, as if nothing but virtue
read though much talked of, and those formed the passing phantoms of the
parts of Milton, in his noble and mag. world's phantasmagoria.
nificent poem, which treat of abstruse When we took up the poem which
speculations, and paint Adam and Eve has given rise to the present observa-
in that simplicity of which we have no tions, “ Human Life" naturally offered
prototype, are, we should conceive, com- to our imagination the chequered scenes
paratively neglected; whilst an estimate of joy and grief- the scenes in which the
is most generally formed of his merit as ray of hope, rather than of happiness,
a poet, by those passages in which he occasionally breaks through the canopy-
describes the remorseless malice and in- ing clouds, and illuminates some spots of
solent daring of Satan against the Cre- a vast landscape. We trusted to have
ator and his works.
seen our author's talents exerted in re.
We cannot, therefore, understand why presenting those numberless follies,
so many didactic poems have, of late which, like the invisible vapours rais-
years, been offered to the public. The ed by the noon-day sun; at last by
“ Pleasures of Hope" had much of no- their multitude, form a mass limiting the
velty in them, and were, besides, over- extent of that power which created
spread with a halo of pure and refined them. But no; there are no vices de.
sensibility, which gave them additional picted-no follies lashed, so as to mark
claims to the attention of the lovers of their existence : all is virtue, serenity,
poetry. The “ Pleasures of Memory," and happiness. There is, indeed, no
were also read and approved ; but then reverse to the picture, except the fol.
came those of Melancholy, Virtue, Soli- lowivg :
tude, Contemplation, and so many other But man is born to suffer. On the door
pleasures, that they at last palled upon Sickness has set her mark; and D05 09
the public taste, and though they are
more
still poured forth in lavish profusion, Laughter within we hear, or wood notes
they are seldom read, and still less fre-
wild
As of a mother singing to a child.
quently remembered.
All now in anguish from that room retire.
The name of Rogers must, however,
Where a young cheek glows with consuming
always insure respect and attention;
fire,
though we wonder at his fondness for And innocence breathes contagion-all but
the style of writing in which he now ap-
one,
pears before its for the second time: But she who gave it birth from her alone


1819.)
Human Life; a Poem:
155
night,
The medicine cup is taken. Through the to represent them with the manners of
European Knights Errant, and as we
And through the day, that with its dreary ought not to confound the peculiarities
light
and domestic occurrences of Asia, with
Comes unregarded, she sits silent by,
those of Europe, so we are not per-
Watching the changes, with her anxious
mitted to make anachronisins in English
eye:
While they withoul, listening, below, above,
manners, still more absurd and glaring.
(Who but in sorrow know how much they
Thank God, the peasant's cottage has
love)
not, for many years, been disturbed
From every little noise catch hope and fear, even by the sound of a hostile trumpet,
Exchanging still, still as they turn to hear, much less by the enemies' fire-brand or
Whispers, and sighs, and smiles of tender- cannon.
Dess
There is another defect we have to
That would in vain the starting tear repress. notice, of a more general cast, as it
p. 38. affects the whole poem; we mean the
Besides a general want of truth in mingling with the description of an ideal
his colouring, which renders the poem though continuous personification, the
fiat and uninteresting, as it has no re- identification of several of his friends,
lief, Mr. Rogers has fallen into another without marking the difference between
great defect; he has taken bis illustra- the two; so that Mr. Fox and others
tions entirely from England, apparently are introduced, individually, as forming
attempting to paint the garden lawn, the same ideal character. Besides this,
and tea circle of a family mansion, with there are several blemishes of no less
a few lines upon a parliamentary life, weight, though they affect only passages.
all of the present day. One is, there- It has been very much the fashion of
fore, not a little startled, in the midst late years, for authors to make their
of his tranquil scenes, to meet with the verses unintelligible, by distant hints
following verses, as a delineation of an and allusions, so that to read a pamphlet
English occurrence:
poem, we must either be in possession
But hark the din of arms! no time for
of the erudition of a walking library,
sorrow.
or else we must pay some dozen shillings
To horse! to horse! a day of blood 10-mor for illustrations; and have the 1000
•
row!
lines of poetry swelled into two vo-
Ode parting pang, and then—and then I fly, lumes of 800 pages, by notes, which,
Fly to the field to triumph-or to die. from their pedantic weight, few people
He goes, and Night comes, as it never came, read, and fewer still, understand, It is
With shrieks of horror!-and a vault of the worst trait in the character of our
flame!
And lo! when morning mocks the desolate, facts which are in the reach of all, and
modern poetry, that a mention of those
Red runs the river by; and at the gate
which we denominate nature, cannot be
Breathless, a horse without a rider stands !
But hush! ... a shout from the victorious
made without innumerable references
bands!
to dull scraps in old chronicles, and rare
And oh the smiles and tears, a sire restored! books. Chaucer, Dryden, Pope, and
One wears his helm, one buckles on his even Milton, with all his erudition-in
sword;
fine, none of our standard poets have
One hangs the wall with laurel leaves, and done this. We find, in their works,
allusions to what the classical scholar
Spring to prepare the soldier's festival;
and well informed reader must under-
While she best-loved, till then forsaken stand; but we do not discover in them
never,
the ridiculous affectation to which we
Clings round his neck as she would cling
refer. We fear Messieurs Scott and
for ever!
p. 40.
Southey will have to atone in the pur-
The boundaries of a poet's imagina- gatory of Fame, for this bad result from
tion have never as yet been marked by the universality of their information;
the god of limits ; but he who chooses and even Mr. Rogers will not come off
to circumscribe the range of his pencil with flying colours, since he appears to
in illustrating the subject upon which he have been slightly affected with the same
treats, ought not to exceed his self-as- strange and unaceountable mania. The
signed limitations. He who describes following passage, which might certainly
the rich and luxuriant Abassides in their have been explained in the text, without
nightly rambles through Asiatic towns, the aid of the note attached, will not be
is not allowed, though he disguise them, very easily understood in
all


1819.)
157
:
Human Life ; a Poém.
close,
No eye observes the growth or the decay, Nursing the young to health. In happier
To-day we look as we did yesterday;
hours,
Yet while the loveliest smiles, her locks When idle Fancy wove luxuriant flowers,
grow grey!
Once in thy mirth thou bad'st me write on
And in her glass could she but see her face
thee;
She'll see so soon amid another race; And now I write what thou shalt never see.
How would she shrink!-- Returning from
p. 39.
afar,
The following description of two lo-
After some years of travel—some of war, vers, after their eclaircissement, and
Within his gates Ulysses stood unknown, their subsequent marriage, is in Mr. Ro-
Before a wife, a father, and a son.
ger's best style:
And such is Human Liſe, the general Then came those full confidings of the past,
theme,
All sunshine now, where all was overcast.
Ah; what at best, what but a longer dream? Then do they wander till the day is gone ;
Though with such wild romantic wander- Lost in each other, and when night steals
ings fraught,
on,
Such forms in fancy's richest colouring Covering them round, how sweet her ac-
wrought,
cents are!
That like the visions of a love-sick brain, Oh, when she turns and speaks, her voice is
Who would not sleep and dream them o'er
far,
again?
Far abore singing!But soon nothing stirs
Our pathway leads but to a precipice; To break the silence-joy like his, like hers,
And all must follow-fearful as it is,
Deals not in words; and now the shadow's
From the first step 'tis known : but-no
delay!
Now in the glimmering dying light she
On, 'tis decreed. We tremble and obey
grows,
A thousand ills besets us as we go,
Less and less earthly! As departs the day,
“ Still could I shun the fatal gulph"-ah! All that was mortal seems to melt away,
no,
Till like a gift resumed as soon as given,
'Tis all in vain-the inexorable law! She fades at last into a spirit from Heaven!
Nearer and nearer to the brink we draw. Then are they blest indeed; and swift the
Verdure springs up, and fruits and flowers
hours
invite ;
Till her young sisters wreath her hair in
And groves and fountains--all things that
flowers,
delight.
Kindling her beauty-while unseen, the
« Oh, I would stop and linger if I might.”
least
We fly; no resting for the foot we find; Twitches her robe, then runs behind the
All dark before, all desolate behind !
rest,
At length the brink appears—but one step Known by her laugh, that will not be sup-
more!
pressed.
We faint-on, on!-we faulter-and 'tis Then before all they stand-the holy vow,
o'er!
p. 11.
And ring of gold-no fond illusions now
How great the mystery! Let others sing
Bind her as his. Across the threshold led,
The circling year, the promise of the spring,
And every tear kissed off as soon as shed,
The summer's glory and the rich repose
His house she enters, there to be a light,
Of autumn, and the winter's silvery spows.
Shining within when all without is night;
Man through the changing scene let me
A guardian angel o'er his life presiding,
Doubling his pleasures, and his cares di-
pursue,
viding!
Himself how wond'rous in his changes too !
Now oft her eyes read his; her gentle mind
Not Man the sullen savage in his den,
To all his wishes, all his thoughts inclined;
But man called forth in fellowship with
Still subject-ever on the watch to borrow
men,
Schooled and trained up to wisdom from his
Mirth of his mirth, and sorrow of his sorrow.
The soul of music slumbers in the shell,
birth;
Till waked to rapture by the master's spell;
God's noblest work-His image upon
19
And feeling hearts_ton
earth!
Alla feeling hearts-touch them but rightly
pour
His address (we imagine) to a sister, Athom
A thousand melodies unheard before.
is simple, and the last lines touching-
p. 31.
Such grief was ours—it seems but yester- He ends the poem also well :-
day-
And now behold him up the hill ascending,
When in thy prime; wishing so much to Memory and Hope, like evening stars, at-
stay,
tending;
'Twas there, Maria, there, without a sigh, Sustained, excited, till his course is run,
At midnight in a sister's arms 10 die! By deeds of virtue done or to be done.
Oh, thou wert lovely-lovely was thy frame, When on his couch he sinks at length to
And pure thy spirit as from Heaven it came.
rest,
And, when recalled to join the blest above, Those by his counsel saved, his power re-
Thou diedst a victim to exceeding love,
dressed,


158
An Eulogium on Sir Samuel Romilly. [March 1,
Those by the world shunned ever as unblest, Trace out their journey through their little
At whom the rich man's dog growls from
day,
the gate,
And fondly dream an idle hour away.
But whom he sought out, sitting desolate, There are, at the close of the volume,
Come and stand round-ihe widow with her two other poems, one in blank verse,
child,
written at Pæstum, unworthy of the
As when she first forgot her tears and subject, and another in rhymes, entitled
smiled!
the “ Boy of Egremend," who, in spite
They, who watch by him, see not; but he
of the explanation, dies, we cannot un-
sees,
derstand how, and thus forms the sub-
Sees and exults—were ever dreams like
ject of a pathetic tale no doubt, in four
these?
They, who watch by him, hear not; but he pages. We have no room for extracts
hears,
from them, nor would their merit war.
And Earth recedes, and Heaven itself ap rant any, if we had.
pears!
An Eulogium on Sir Samuel Romilly, pro-
'Tis past! That hand we grasped, alas, in n ounced at the Royal Atheneum of Paris.
vain!
By M. BerJAMIN CONSTANT. Ediled
Nor shall we look upon his face again!
by Sir T. C. MORGAN. 8vo. pp. 78.
But to his closing eyes, for all were there,
In our Number for December last,
Nothing was wanting ; and, through many we gave a memoir of the distinguished
a year,
and illustrious subject of this eulogium.
We shall remember with a fond delight
It is well known to our readers that the
The words so precious which we heard to-
political opinions espoused by Sir Samuel
night;
His parting though awhile our sorrow flows, Romilly differ, tolo cælo, from those
Like setting suns or music at the close !
which we have uniformly and conscienti-
Then was the drama ended. Not till then, ously maintained. It is foreign to our
So full of chance and change the lives of present purpose to examine the question
men,
of the expediency or necessity of those
Could we pronounce him happy. Then measures, exclusively political, of which
secure
he was one of the ablest and most prin-
from pain, from grief, and all that we en-
cipled defenders. Whilst yet mourning
dure,
over his bier, and joining the solemn re-
He slept in peace-say, rather soared to
Heaven,
quiem, in which every true Briton, of
Upborne from earth by Him to whom 'tis
whatsoever party he may be, inost cor-
given
dially unites, we feel that to blend with
In his right hand to hold the golden key our regrets animadversions upon his
That opes the portals of eternity.
conduct as a public character, viewed in
When by a good man's grave i muse alone, the light in which we must necessarily
Methinks an angel sits upon the stone; regard it, would be to unhallow the sa-
Like those of old, on that thrice-hallowed crifice, by mixing up the bitterness of
night,
political controversy, with the esteem
Who sate and watched in raiment heavenly and admiration we have always felt in-
bright;
And, with a voice inspiring joy, not fear,
clined to allow him as a private indivi-
dual.
Says, pointing upwards that he is not here,
That he is risen!
Excluding, therefore, this part of the
But the day is spent;
subject altogether, it is open to us to
And stars are kindſing in the firmament, consider the production of M. Constant,
To us how silent—though like ours, per merely in the light of a funeral oration.
chance,
The talent and versatility of this writer
Busy and full of life and circumstance; are well known; and the point, energy,
Where some the paths of wealth and power and force which distinguish almost every
pursue,
page of the Eulogium do not detract
Of pleasure some, of happiness a few;
from his pretensions. When it is remem-
And as the sun goes round-asun not ours, bered that M. Constant was an adherent
While from her lap another Nature showers
Gifts of her own, some from the crowd re-
of Buonaparte ; that he is a Frenchman;
tire,
that his work was composed with all the
Think on themselves, within, without in- acrimony of feeling, we might say ani.
quire;
mosity, with which such a man would
At distance dwell on all that passes there, be likely to regard that country which
All that their world reveals of good and fair; had gloriously vanquished and imposed
And, as they wander, picturing things, like chains upon his own; and, that he might
mo,
be expected to vent some part of his dis-
Not as they are, but as they ought to be,
pleasure in splepetic remarks upon the


1819.1
159
New Publications with Critical Remarks.
conduct of the English government, it Never in England do the judges inter-
will not surprise our readers, that rupt the accused, unless it be to guard him
against the greater part of his opinions against a dangerous line of defence, and to
and deductions we should entirely and protect him from himself. After having
unhesitatingly protest ; or that. under lent a complacent ear to the accuser, they
such circumstances, we should be half 5
he never refuse to listen to the reply. They
make no merit of embarrassing by captious
inclined to consider the present pane-
questions, of insulting by outrageous apos.
Tyric rather as an escape-valve to relieve trophes, or injuring by ironical commen-
the over-wrought steam-engine of na- taries, the prisoner. whose very situation is
tural prejudice, than as a heartfelt tri- a source of uncertainty and of unreadiness
bute to the talents and worth of the in- of intellect. They inflict not an anticipat-
dividual whose virtues it professes to ing punishment on him who is as yet the
celebrate. Be that as it may, candour object only of suspicions which may prove
compels us to acknowledge that, in a unfounded, by forcing him to listen in
literary point of view, it possesses consi silence to the invectives dictated by vanity,
derable merit. A single quotation will by a wretched eagerness for success, or by
serve to show the style in which it is
a puerile ambition of oratory, at a moment
the sole legislative object is the attainment
composed; and as the author has chosen
of justice. Thus the judges in England
to bear honourable testimony to the
have never to complain that the law is not
purity of judicial administration in this sufficiently respected.-P. 30.
country, we can make one without doing
any violence to our own feelings.
MONTHLY REGISTER.
AGRICULTURE.
storations and Illustrations of 700 Passages
The Grazier's Manual. By T. Cooke. in Shakspeare's Plays, which have afforded
12mo. 7s.
scope for critical animadversion, and hi-
ARTS.
therto held at defiance the penetration of all
A Treatise on Practical Perspective, ex. Shakspeare's Commentators. By Z. Jack-
emplified by an Ilustrative Model and Plans; son. 8vo. 14s.
being a course of lessons that exhibit the The House of Atreus and the House of
Practice and Theory of the Science of Per- Laius. Tragedies founded on the Greek
spective, by concise rules for Drawing ac- Drama, with a Preface on the Peculiarities
curately. Adapted to Schools and the use of its structure and Moral Principles; and
of Artists not having a knowledge of Mathe- other Poems. By John Smith. 8vo. 10s. 6d
matics. By. W. Williams. 8vo. 11. 18.
EDUCATION.
bound.
The Art of French Conversation, with an
Specimens in eccentric Circular Turning, Introduction. By D. Boileau. pp. 256.
with practical Instructions for producing It has been a complaint of long standing, that
corresponding pieces in that Art. By J. H. amid the namerous works of this description which
Ibbetson. 8vo. 21s.
have, at various time, been given to the public,
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
the subjects of the colloquies are, for the most
The Third Part of a Catalogue of an ex- part, so absurd and ridiculous, that it is next to
tensive Collection of Scarce and Curious impossible to arrive at any thing like a knowledge,
Books, on Sale by Lackington and Co. 8vo.
through their mediun, of those phrases and idioms
with which it would be most desirable to become
Is. 6d,
acquainted. The custom, hitherto, has been to de
Maclachlan's Collection of Books in va.
vote the pages of such works to conversations be-
rious Languages, on Sale at 64 South
tween the master and servant, the butcher and
Bridge Street, Edinburgh. 8vo. 1s.
baker, the taylor and hair.dresser, &c.; and to omit
BIOGRAPHY.
altogetber such dialogues as would he likely to
Memoirs of the Life and Character of take place in elegant society. M. Boilean has en.
Mrs. Sarah Savage, eldest daughter of the tirely avoided this gross error, and has introduced
Rev. Philip Henry, A. M. With a Preface, a selection of sentences so various, but at the same
by the Rev. W. Jay. 12mo. 5s.
time so generally useful, as to render his book better
Memoirs of Field Marshall His Royal adapted to the purposes for which it was designed
Highness Prince Edward, Duke of Kent.
than any we at present kuow of.
12mo. 35. 6d.
Principles of Punctuation, or the Art of
Memoirs of James Hardy Vaux; written Pointing familiarized. By Cecil Hartly.
by Himself. 2 vols. 12mo. 10s.
M . A.
CHRONOLOGY.
A book of this description, calculated to give
A Chronological Table of the Nobility of young people an insight into the principles of
punctuation has long been wanted; and we are
the United Kingdom, shewing at one view
glad to see the defect remedied by a gentleman so
their exact order of Precedency, with an
well qualified for the task as Mi. Ilartley. The
Alphabetical Index. 12mo. 58.
examples appended to the text in the form of notos.
DRAMA.
are various and well chosen, and the work is such
s Gopi
as we can safely recomiend to those who vish to


160
New Publications, with Critical Remarks.
March 1,
make themselves acquainted with this essential, Fevers, Dysentery, Hepatitis, and Plague.
bat loo commonly neglected, branch of science. treated according to the Principles of the
The Recluse, or the Hermit of Winder Doctrine of Excitation, by himself and other
mere, a narrative founded upon facts; being Practitioners, chiefly in the East and West
an important Lesson for Youth. By W.F. Indies. By Charles Maclean, M.D. 8vo. 7s.
Sullivan. 12mo. 4s. 6d. ..
Transactions of the Association of Fel.
The Young Travellers, or a Visit to the lows and Licentiates of the King's and
Grandmother, containing, with a variety of Queen's College of Physicians in Ireland.
incidental Topics, a Sketch of the Elements Vol. II. 8v. 16s.
of Zoology, Mineralogy, and other branches Medical Transactions, published by the
of Natural History. By Frances Thurtle. Medical and Chirurgical Society of London.
12mo. 4s. 6d.
Vol. IX. Part II. 8vo. 7s.
The Delphin Classics, with Variorum Elements of Medical Logic, illustrated by
Notes. Intituled the Regent's Edition. Practical Proofs and Examples; including
No. I.
a statement of the Evidence respecting the
Enchiridion Romæ,or Manual of detached contagious nature of the Yellow Fever. By
Remarks on the Buildings, Pictures, Statues,
Sir Gilbert Blane, bart. 8vo. 7s.
Inscriptions, &c. of Ancient and Modern A System of Pathological and Operative
Rome. By S. Weston, F. R. S. Foolsc. 8vo.
Surgery. By Robert Allan. Vol. I. 8vo.
58. 6d.
12s. 6d.
Preparatory Geography By John Brad-
MISCELLANEOUS.
ley. 12mo. 2s.6d.
Reformation in the Catholic Church of
"A Polyglott Grammar, in which the Ge-
Germany, and the Downfall of Papal Au-
nius of the principal Ancient and Modern
thority, &c. pp. 215.
Languages is explained upon a new princi-
It lias been elsewhere observed that there are
ple. By the Rev. F. Nolan. The Modern
certain vices inseparably connected with the court
Greek will be supplied by M. Calbo. The of Rome which are quite distinct from ebe personal
of Rome which are qui
Italian Grammar, 12mo. 2s. 6d. The French character of the reigning pontiff. A system gra.
Grammar. 12mo. 2s. 6d.
dually evolved, during many ages, from the cor
HISTORY.
ruptions of christianity, founded in imposture,
Memoirs of the Court of Louis XIV.; nursed by superstition, and gathering strength
from the calamities, of which it was, in a great
comprising Biography and Anecdotes of the
measure, the cause; such a system, we say, can
mosi Celebrated Characters of that period,
only be effectually maintained by a recurrence.
styled the Augustan Era of France. 3 vols.
upon all suitable occasions, to the same artifices,
Svo. 11. 16s.
aud violence by which it had before prospered. A
Memorials; or, the Memorable Things
contrar y course of action would be hostile to the
that fell out within this Island of Brittain
true and invariable spirit of papacy. We there.
from 1638 to 1684. By the Rev. Robert fore find, that of the great nu
fore find, that of the great number of pontiffs who
Law. Edited from the MS. by C. R. have filled St. Peter's chair, a very small minority
Sharpe, esq. 4to. ll. 16s.
have at any time evinced a sincere and cordial
LAW.
disposition to reform the manifolt abuses of the
Romish church. The remainder have been either
A Supplement to the digested Abridg.
active agents in fulfilling the atrocities of their ro
ment and comparative View of the Statute
cation, or have permitted these evils to remain un.
Law of England and Ireland. By J. Gab-
sedressed, which they had the discernment to
bett, esq. Roy. 8vo. 15s.
perceive, aud oftet, privately, the candour to ac.
Statuies of the United Kingdoms, 58 Geo.
knowledge, because they were professional and
III. 8vo. 16s.
useful sins. These ghostly fathers well knew, that
Cases in Bankruptcy, containing those of if you either destroyed or embalmed a corrupted
1818. By T. W. Buck, esq. Roy. 8vo. 9s. carcase, the reptiles that moved upon its surface
Reports of Cases argued and determined would speedily expire, for want of their proper
in the Vice Chancellor's Court, 59 Geo. III. nutrition.
By Henry Maddoek, esq. Vol. III. Part I. Tracts relating to a New View of Society.
Roy. 8vo. 9s.
Published by Robert Owen.
The Penal Code of France. 8vo. 53. Few propositions on the subject of political eco.
nomy attracted at the time so much of the public
MEDICINE, SURGERY, &c.
attention as the project of Mr. Owen. To the be.
nevolence, zeal, and patriotism which instigated
Bathing, with Practical Observations on Sea that gentleman, in defiance of obloquy, aud igna-
Bathing, Diseases of the Skin, Bilious, Liver merable difficulties, in bring forward his measure.
Complaints, and Dropsy. By Sir Arthur the highest commendation is due ; but plausible es
Clarke, M.D. 12mo. 4s. 6d.
this scheme appears to be, on a superficial view of
it, its execution would, wo conceive, be attended
A Treatise on Midwifery, developing new
with innumerable citiculties. By generalizing the
principles which tend materially to lessen
state of society. and compelling each individual.
the sufferings of the Patient, and shorten
who united himself to the intended new villages,
the duration of Labour. By John Power.
to brii g the produce of his labours to one comenon
8vo. 5s. 6d.
fund, there would no longer remain that powerful
Practical Illustrations of the Progress of incentive to industry, which is afforded to the te
Medical Improvement for the last 30 years ; tisan or agriculturist, by the assurance that himself
or Histories of Cases of acute diseases, as and femily would alove reap the reward of his ea-
An


1819.)
ici
New Publications, with Critical Remarks.
ertions. It would also paralyze emulation; and it lustrated throughout by experiments, which
is a consideration of great moment, how far the in. may be performed without regular appara-
ternal arrangements contemplated by Mr. Owen, tus. By James Mitchell, M. A. 12mo. &s,
for his villages, could be carried into complete ef.
fect, without infringing. to a certain degree, upon
NOVELS,
the civil rights of the people. Besides Mr. O, ex-
Campbell; or, The Scottish Probationer.
cludes, almost wholly, from his plan, the influence 3 vols.
of the most powerful impulse of the human heart, This is completely a tale of real life, written in
we mean religion. Surely the experience of the
a plain and unaffected style, and apparently devot.
French Revolution ought to have taught every in. ed to the inculcation of this great moral sentiment,
novator upon long.existiog, although defective in that indolence and dependence destroy all the
stitutions, that a system ot ethics, however rational
energies of the mind, and, that that life will close
it may appear, can never be expected to restrain
in the most pleasing serenity, which has been most
the tumultuous passions of men within the limits
actively employed in promoting the welfare of so-
of their duty, unless the higher and nobler motives
ciety. If its author cannot be pronounced to have
which arise out of a sense of pure christianity be rivalled the most successful novel writers of the
superadded
day, he has at least soared very far above the
Lord Orford's Reminiscences, pp. 170. common place dullness of many of his fellow la.
bourers in the field of fiction. It should be ob.
This agreeable little volume, though it has not
the charın of novelty to recommend it, possesses
served, that the verses, occasionally interwoven
with the story, are pleasing and elegant, and such
much to interest tlie general reader; and we are
as could only have resulted from a feeling and
glad to see this separate inpression, of what we
amiable mind.
have been accustomed to think one of the most en-
tertaining portions of the huge quarto volumes
The Countess of Carrick, a love tale; and
from which it was selected. The style of the “ Re Clandestine Marriage of the thirteenth cen,
miniscences" is gas and sprightly, and such as we tury. By Carolan. 12mo. 8s.
might expect from its poble author. On the whole
Coquetry. 3 vols. 12mo. 11. ls.
it is a sportive bagatelle, which if it dissipates the
Emily; or, the Wife's First Error; and
ennui of an hour, will accomplish all, to the at.
at Beauty and Ugliness; or, The Father's
tainment of which it is in any respect adapted.
Prayer, and The Mother's Prophecy, two
D.
Transactions of the Literary Society of tales. By Eliz. Bennett. 4 vols. 12mo. ll.
Bombay. 410. 21. 123. 6d.
The Intriguing Beauty, and The Beauty
The Sul Voice of Peace, or Tender Coun-
without Intrigue. 3 vols. 185.
sel to Freemen and Slaves, Professors and Normanburn; or, The History of a York-
Profane, in Answer to some deep rooted shire Family. 4 vols. 12 mo. ll. 19.
Objections and Prejudices. By Ephraim London; or, a Month at Stevens's. 3
Wood. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
vols. 12mo. ll. ls.
Original Letters from the Rev. John New-
POETRY.
ton, A. M, to the Rev. W. Barlass. 12mo.
The Angler, a Poem. In Ten Cantos.
4s. Bd.
Commentaries on the Laws of England,
By Piscator
Tbis elegant little volume contains a didactic
principally in the order, and comprising the
description of the various modes of angling prac.
whole Substance of the Commentaries of
iised in England, and points out the proper tackle,
Sir William Blackstone. 8vo. 11. ls.
baits, seasons, and places for taking such particular
Facts and Observations towards forming species of the finny race. The whole is intermingled
a New Theory of the Earth. By W. Knighi, with rural scenery and moral reflection, so as to roo-
LL.D. 8vo. 9s.
der the mechanical detail, necessarily introduced,
Lascelles' Letters on Angling. Roy. 8vo.
far from uninteresting. The nates and appendix
10s. 60.
comprise a complete guide for the novice in the pis.
catory art, and many new rules and observations for
Notes on a Visit made to some of the Pri-
sons in Scotland and the North of England,
the experienced practitioner, which appear well
adapted and arranged, so as not to break the connec-
in company with Elizabeth Fry. By John
tion of the text, whilst they convey every necessary
Gurney. 12mo. 38. 6d.
information. We should notice, that the embellish.
A Narrative of the Operations of the ments are numerous, and of a very superior order.
Royalist Armies in the interior of France
Emigration, a Poem, in imitation of the
during the Usurpation of Bonaparte, 1815.
Third Satire of Juvenal.
By M. Delandine de St. Esprit. Translated
The object of this production is to persuade the
by J. Teissera, esq. 8vo. 9s.
public that there are moral reasons why a "worthy
The Telegraphist's Vade Mecum. By
man." should desert the land of his birth, and emi.
Joseph Conolly. 4to. 11. 12s.
grate to America. Our virtuous author is 90
The Edipus Romanus, or an Attempt to much shocked and disgusted with the vices and
prove from the principles of reasoning follies of bis native country, that he is about 10
adopted by the Right Hon. Sir Wm. Drum- make a trial of transatlantic purity and indepen.
that the dence. We wish him a safe voyage; and as for a
Twelve Caesars are The Twelve Signs of the criticism on the thing he is pleased to entitle a
Zodiac. Addressed to the Higher Literary satire, the following epigram will speak volumes
for us:
Classes of Society. By the Rev. George
Townsend Musie, A. M.
" This book-we cannot bear poetic sinning-
Has but one fault-and that is the beginning,
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY,
But, in some sort the error to amend,
The Elements of Natural Philosophy, il- It has one excellence--and that's the end!
NEW MONTHLY MAG.--No. 62.
VOL. XI.


162
(March 1,
Varieties-Literary, Scientific, fc.
, The Times; or, a View of Society, a Conversations on Infant Baptism, By
Poem. With copious Notes, &c. 8vo. 8s. the Rev. Charles Jerram, A.M. 12mo. 58.
Geology, and other Poems. By F. P. Principles and Practice of the Pretend-
Wilton. 8vo. 5s. 6d.
ed Reformers in Church and State. By
Montfort, a Poem in Three Cantos. By A. H. Kennedy, D.D. 8vo. 10s. 6d.
W. H. Harrison. Foolscap 8vo. 5s
Life of Jesus Christ,including his Apocry-
Kalila and Dimna; or, The Fables of phal History, from the spurious Gospels,
Bidpai. Translated by the Rev. W. Knatch- unpublished Manuscripts, &c. &c. 8vo. 7s.
bull, A M. 8vo. 15s.
Remarks on Scepticism, especially as it is
Angela; or, The Moss-grown Cell, a connected with the subject of organization
Poem. In 4 Cantos. By John Henry and life. By the Rev. T. Rennell. 8vo.
Church. 12mo. 5s.
5s, 6d.
A Lament for England's Queen. By
TOPOGRAPHY.
Pleydell Wilton.
A Visit to Edinburgh containing a de-
POLITICS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY.
scription of the principal curiosities and
A Treatise on the Importance of extend public buildings in the Scottish metropolis.
ing the British Fisheries. Containing a 18mo. 2s.6d.
description of the Iceland Fisheries, and of Occurrences duning six months Resi-
the Newfoundland Fishery and Colony, to dence in the Province of Calabria Ulteriore,
gether with remarks and propositions for in the Kingdom of Naples, in the years
the better supply of the metropolis and in- 1809, 1810; containing a description of
terior with cured and fresh fish; elucidate the country, remarks on the manners and
ing the necessity of encouraging and sup- customs of the inhabitants. By Lieut. P. J.
porting commerce and the general industry Elmhirst, R. N. 8vo. 6s.
of the country. By S. Phelps. 8vo. 6s. An Appendix to Dickinson's History of
Thoughts on the Funding and Paper Southwell. 4to. 108. 6d.
System, and particularly the Bank Restric The History and Antiquities of the Town
tion, as connected with the National Dis of Newark, in the County of Nottingham.
tresses, with Remarks on the Observations By W. Dickinson. 4to. 2). 2s.
of Mr. Preston and Sir John Sinclair. By Oxford University Calendar. Corrected to
N. J. Denison, Esq. 8vo. 3s. 6d.
1819. 12mo. 5s. 6d.
A Defence of the Poor Laws, with a Plan
for the Suppression of Mendicity, and for
VOYAGES AND TRAVELS.
the Establishment of Parochiai Benefit So The Tour of Africa, containing a concise
cieties. By Samuel Roberts.
account of all the countries in that quarter
THEOLOGY.
of the globe, hitherto visited by Europeans.
Familiar Dissertations on Theological Selected from the best authors, and arrang-
and Moral Subjects. By the Rev. W. Bar- ed by Catherine Hutton. With a Map.
row. 8vo. 6s.
8vo. 12s.
The Power of Faith Exemplified in the Recollections of Japan, comprising a par-
Life and Writings of the late Mrs. J. Gra- ticular account of the Religion, Language,
ham of New York. 12mo. 59.
Government, Laws, &c. &c. With observa-
Historical Memoirs respecting the En- tions on the geography, climate, population,
glisli, Irish, and Scottish Catholics, from the and productions of the country. By Capt.
Reformation to the Present Time. By Golownin, R. N. To which is prefixed
Charles Butler, Esq. 2 vols. 8vo. 11. 43. chronological details of the rise, decline, and
Discourses illustrative of the Designs of renewal of British intercourse with that
Christianity, and of some parts of its internal country. Svo. 129.
evidence. By Daniel Dewer, LL.D 8vo. 12s.
VARIETIES-LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &c,
CAMBRIDGE, Feb. 1. The subjects for Representatives in Parliament for this Uni.
Sir William Browne's gold medals for the versity, for the present year, are, for the
present year are-For the Greek ode, Re- SENIOR BACHELORS,- Quænam fuerit
gina epicedium ; for the Latin ode, Thebe Oraculorum vera indoles ac natura?
Ægyptiace ; and for the epigrams, Discri-
MIDDLE BACHELORS,— Inter ceterum
men obscurum.
Feb. 5. The late Dr. Smith's annual
philosophorum sectas, cuinam potissimum
prizes of 251. each to the two best proficients
tribuenda sit laus rere sapientia :
in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy,
The subject of the Seatonian prize poem
amongst the commencing Bachelors of Arts,
for the present year is-Moses receiving
are this year adjudged to Mr. Joshua King, the Tables of the Law.
of Queen's College, and Mr. George Miles The Hulsean prize for the last year has
Cooper, of St. John's College, the first and been adjudged to Wm. Peach, esq. of St.
second Wranglers.
John's College, for his Essay on. The pro-
The subjects for the prizes given by the bable infuence of Revelation upon the


1819.)
163
Varieties~ Literary, Scientific, fc.
writings of the Heathen philosophers and dians, of such mathematical exactness as
the morals of the Heathen world.
wholly to exceed the artist's skill in lineal
New Fire-Places. Dr. Arnott, directing varieties ; and of printing with diamond
bis attention to the advantage of an equal type, an imitation of which type would pre-
temperature in rooms occupied by persons sent insurmountable difficulties, the expence
suffering under pulmonary complaints, has being prodigious, the skil first-rate, and
invented a new apparatus for attaining that the length of time necessary for finishing
object. It consists simply of a glazed metal a font of type for the purpose being several
frame or window, fitted to the chimney-piece, months. It recommended a combination of
and placed before the fire, so as perfectly to engraving and printing, thus rendering ne-
cut off the communication between the room cessary an union between the engravers and
and the fire-place. The fire is fed with air printers, as the most probable means of se-
by a tube from without, and ventilation is curing detection. in the erent of imitation.
effected by openings near the ceiling, either In order to obviate the objection of expense,
into the chimney or staircase. The inventor so likely to be felt by the Bank, it was
asserts that the benefits of this plan are, a proposed, in consequence of the opinion
nearly uniform temperature throughout the given of the first artists on the subject,
room, the total prevention of currents or that steel plates should be used instead of
drafts of air, the saving of fuel, the general copper. Copper-plates, it was stated, were
raising of temperature in the hoose, and not capable of striking off more than 6000
the exclusion of smoke or dust. For such impressions each, and the expense of the
blessings he thinks we might bear the eye- plates amount to a considerable sum, the
sore of looking at our fires through a win- estimate of the number struck off every day
dow, and opening a pane occasionally to at the Bank being 30,000. Steel, by being
admit the poker: not having seen the appa- softened, would take the engraving, atter
ratus, we can only notice its pretensions which it should be case-hardened, and by
without being able to say whether it will or this process each plate would be capable of
will not maintain them.
impressing an infinite number. To prove
Lizard embedded in Coal.-In August the practicability of this plan of substituting
last, as the colliers of Mr. Penton, near steel for copper, the practice of the Banks
Wakefield, were sinking a new pit or shaft, in the United States was quoted, and seve-
they discovered a lizard embedded in the ral American bank-notes were exhibited to
coal. It was about five inches long, its the committee, and respectable evidence
back of a dark brown colour, and appeared heard by them.
rough and scaly ; its sides were of a lighter Suicide committed by a Brute Animal.
colour, and spotted with yellow; the belly A letter to the editor of a norning paper
yellow streaked, with bands the same colour contains the following statement :- A few
as the back. It continued brisk and lively days ago, when taking a ride before dinner,
for about ten minutes, then drooped and round the lawn, in front of the house at
died. About four inches above the coal in Friars Carse, in company with another gen-
which the animal was found, numbers of teman, we perceived a sheep on the oppo-
muscle-shells, in a fossil state, lie scattered site side of the river Nith belonging to the
about in a loose, gray earth.
flock of a respectable farmer on the estate
Tar Lamp.-The American papers de of Dalswinton, separate from the rest of its
scribe a lamp in which tar is burnt instead companions, and, in seeming perfect health,
of oil. It consists of a fountain reservoir to boldly advance towards the banks of the
supply and preserve a constant level, and a river. It then dashed into the water, and
lamp which receives the fountain-pipe at having proceeded nearly to its depth, with-
one end, and at the other a burner for the out swimming, it immediately put its head
tar: this is merely a small cup placed on under water, leaving its back only visible
the axis of the lamp, and supplied with tar while in the act of drowning. While writh-
from the fountain. A draught tube is fixed ing in the agonies of death (which were
in the lanthorn, or external part of the visible to each of us from the convulsive
lamp, and air is admitted by a hole at the motions in its back, which remained during
bottom. The current of air, in passing the whole period above water) we expected
through the lamp, envelopes the burner, every moment to see it raise its head, but
and urges the flame, and the draught tube no! bent on self-destruction, it kept its
conveys off the smoke.- Journal of Science. head firmly under water, until the couvul-
Society of Arts.---Bank Notes.--At a pu- sive throbs becarie less apparent, and until
merous meeting of the Members of the So- life was totally extinguished.”
ciety in the Adelphi, the Report of the Sugar in Potatoes.-M. Peschier, of Ge-
Committee of Polite Arts, relative to the dif- neva, has ascertained by some experiments
ferent plans which had been presented to the (an account of which is inserted in the Bi-
Society, for improved methods of making bliotheque Universelle), the presence of su-
Bank-notes, was presented and read. It gar in the potatoe, accompanied also by a
contained certain plans, consisting of supe- 'portion of gum. Some rasped potatoes
rior specimens by eminent artists of engrav. were left for some hours in water, and then
ings of a very peculiar description by In- pressed and dried. All soluble matter had


161
Varielies-- Literary, Scientific, fc. [March 1,
not, howerer, been removed from them; temptible pretences. His lordship's resi-
for 25 ounces of this starch thus obtained, dence at Venice is marked by numberless
being digested in eight pints of cold water, acts of charity. Some short time ago, a
for 24 hours, gave a solution, which, by printer, at Malinari, had the misfortune to
evaporation, yielded a brown, adhesive, and suffer a great loss by fire: immcdiately on
sweet substance. This, treated with alco- the facts being communicated to his lord-
hol, was separated into two parts ; about ship he sent the man 150 guineas. Such
100 grains of sugar were dissolved, and the disinterested benevolence stands not in need
residue, when acted upon by water, gave of praise.---(Morning Paper.)
350 grains of a gum, and a very small quan- Icelandic Literature has received, and
tity of insoluble matter.
is still receiving, accessions from the exer-
It is not supposed probable that this tions of M. Lilligren. This gentleman, who
should be all the sugar potatoes contained; is professor at Lund, is engaged in trans-
a part had, no doubt, been removed by the lating a number of Icelandic manuscripts,
first washing of the fecula, and from the which are preserved in the Royal Library at
apparent affinity between the starch and the Stockholm. A volume of these translations
sugar, a part was probably retained by it has already made its appearance.
M. Peschier, impressed by the result of his New Scientific Institution.-An institu-
experiments, is induced to believe that the tition, entitled ihe “ Cornwall Literary and
yalue of the potatoe, as an object of culture, Philosophical Society," has been established
will be increased by a knowledge of the in Cornwall, for the advancement and culti-
above fact; and also to think that it is deci- vation of national and experimental philoso-
sive, but opposing evidence to the opinion, phy, general history, biography and the fine
that alcohol could be formed by the fermen- arts. The establishment of a museum is
tation of substances not containing sugar. also one of the objects of this society, in
Galranism.-On the 4th of November which there are, already great promises of
last, various galvanic experiments were success.
made on the body of the murderer Clyds-
FRANCE.
dale, after it had hung an hour, by Dr. Ure, Paris.-The first volume of the History
at Glasgow, with a voltaic battery of 270 of the Spanish War against Napoleon Bo
pairs of 4-inch plates. On moving the rod naparte, has lately been translated from
from the hip to the heel, the knee being Spanish into French. It is pretty generally
previously bent, the leg was thrown out known, that the Spanish Government ap-
with such violence, as nearly to overturn pointed a committee of officers of every
one of the assistants, who in vain attempted arme to edite, under the superintendence of
to prevent its extension! In the 2nd expe- the Minister of war, the history of the war
riment, the rod was applied to the phrenic of independence. The work will comprise
nerve in the neck, when laborious breath- about 8 volumes, which are to appear in
ing instantly commenced: the chest heured succession. The first volume contains
and fell ; the belly was protruded and col. merely the introduction: it gives an excel-
lapsed, with the relaxing and retiring lent explanation of the causes which brought
diaphragm : and it is thought, that but about the war, and the situation of the
from the complete evacuation of the blood, country at the period of Bonaparte's inva-
pulsation might have occurred !! In the sion. The authors acknowledge that the
3rd experiment, the supra-orbital nerve was administration of Spain was then very
touched, when every muscle in the mur badly conducted, and in a state of complete
derer's face 6 was thrown into fearful ac- decay, which rendered the contest between
lion.” The scene was hideous; several of the inhabitants and the usurper very un-
the spectators left the room, and one gente- equal. To this first volume are added, the
man actually fainted, from terror, or sick official documents referred to in the course
ness !! In the fourth experiment, the trans- of the work, together with a list of the
mitting of the electric power from the spinal Spanish, Portuguese, English, and French
marrow to the ulnar nerve at the elbow, works which the authors have compared
the fingers were instantly put in motion, with their materials. The work cannot
and the agitation of the arm was so great, fail to prove exceedingly interesting, from
that the corpse seemed to point to the dif- its great extent, and the vast care that has
ferent spectators, some of whom thought it been bestowed on it. If it be pot entirely
had come to life! Dr. Ure appears to be of impartial, the editors deserve high praise
opinion, that had not incisions been made for the tone of moderation which pervades
in the blocd-vessels of the neck, and the the whole. It is to be accompanied by a
spinal narrow been lacerated, the crimiital collection of maps and military plans.
might hare been restored to life!!
A. M. Fescourt has just published an in-
Lord Byron. There are so many amis teresting history of the double conspiracy
able traits in the character of this noble of the republicans and royalists against
bard, that we are astonished how malevo- Bonaparte, in 1890 ; and of the banishment
lence has so long found food for her appe- of the 70 persons who were sent to the
tite-for her continual attacks on him, from Sechelle Isles, several of whom died shortly
so many quarters, and under so many con- afterwards in the utmost wretchedness. The


—་ལ་བ
— -



SA
ER
VO
Imoun by W. Broms
Engnued by H. Mayer
THE REY, C.R. NATURIN.
Published March 1.1819. by Henry Colburn Condut Surat.


1819.]
163
Memoir of the Rev. C, R. Maturin.
adventures of some of these unfortunate which is now preparing by Sir William
persons are most extraordinary. The work Gell: something excellent may be expected,
is embellished with an excellent map of the as he is a man of great ability, and has re-
Sechelle Isles.
sided there several years.
NAPLES.
The last excavations at Pompeii have
The traveller Belzoni, so well known for greatly enriched our collections, and now
his discoveries of antiquities, in Egypt, is
too, all the Marbles and Bronzes, belonging
pot dead, as has been reported in English to the former Farnese collection which still
and other journals. Lord Belmore, who lay about in the rooms, are properly ar-
has been for some time here, having lately ranged.
returned from a scientific tour to Egypt,
WEST INDIES.
Palestine, Syria, Troy, &c. has lately re Volcano.--In a recent number of the Do-
ceived letters from him daled Thebeg, 27th minica Chronicle, we observe an interesting
October, 1818; he remains in Egypt, and notice respecting “ a perfect volcano in mi-
continues with unabated zeal his search niature," formed, it appears, in the parish of
after a ciquities.
St. John, in that island. Twelve months
Tord Belmore himself has advanced into ago it was only a few inches in circumfe-
Nubia ahore:37 leagues beyond the Cata- rence and still lewer in height. In July last
racts. This Lordship remained six weeks at its dimensions had increased a hundred-
Thebes, where le employed one hundred fold, and, should it continue to make a pro-
Arabs daily in diguing for antiquities, and portionable increase, it is apprehended, that
has mide several very nteresting discoveries. at no remote period it may assume an ap-
This journeymi prove, alo, of great ad- palling sight. The boiling lava, or liquid
vant getu ographers, as he determined earth, perpetually discharges from the
by usircooin'cal observations, the latitudes mouth. A long staff was thrown into the
Sand lingitudes of most of the laces through body of it--the matter which adhered to the
which he passed. It may, therefore, be ex- staff had the appearance of a thick bluish
pected, that when he returns to England he marl, of a sulphureous smell and sweetish
will publish much interesting intormation. taste. The rumbling of the boiling liquor
We also look for a description of Greece, within can be distincuy heard."
MEMOIR OF THE REV. C. R. MATURIN.
(ITITH A PORTRAIT.)
CHARLES ROBERT MATURin,the sub- most men who marry early, he became
ject of this memoir, is the descendant the father of several children, three of
of a French protestant emigrant family whom survive, at an age when children
(whose history is almost as romantic as are rather considered as toys to sport
any recorded in the piges of fiction, and with, than objects to be provided for in
the son of a gentleman who held, for life. For several years after his mar-
many years, a lucrative and respectable riage he continued to reside in his fa-
situation under government. He enter- ther's house, till that father's dismission
ed Trinity College, Dublin, at the age from the situation which he had held 47
of fifteen, and his academical progress years, with a spotless and esteemed cha-
was marked not only by the attainment racter, plunged the whole family into a
of premiums and a scholarship, but of state of horrible distress, equalled only,
prizes for composition and extempore perhaps, by that which occurred in the
speaking in the theological class, and of family of the unfortunate Sutherland-
the inedals bestowed by the (now abo. though not terminated by the same
lished) Historical Society, on those who dreadful catastrophe.
distinguished themselves by rhetorical Mr. Maturin, sen, during the course
and poetical productions. Though his of a long and respectable life, had brought
collegiate life was thus not without its up and maintained a numerous family ;
honors, we understand from the friend he had married his daughters, and esta-
who communicated the materials for this blished his sons. The day of his dismis.
memoir, that its subject was considered, sion he was pennyless : it is singular,
both by his tutors and his companioas, that though the commissioners of in-
as more remarkable for indolence and quiry, who sat repeatedly on the busi-
melancholy than for talent. At a very ness, pronouneed this unfortunate gen-
early period of life, after a court- tleman who!ly innocent of the charge
ship that literally commenced in boy- (of fraud) brought against him, he has
hood, he married Henrietta Kingsbury, been suffered to linger for nine years
sister to the present archdeacon of Kil- since, without redress, without relief,
lala, and grand-daughter of that Dr. and without notice. His son was now
Kingsbury to whom tradition says Swift obliged to apply himself to means for the
uttered his last rational words. Like subsistence of his family, which the sti-


166
Memoir of the Rev. C. R. Maturin. [March 1,
pend of a Dublin curate, his only prefer- the London theatres, suffered the ma-
ment, could not afford. He proposed Duscript to moulder by him for a year
to take pupils, as inmates in his house; and a half, and then submitted it to the
and, encouraged by the recollection of perusal of Mr. Scott: by Mr. Scott it
his own success at college, applied him was transferred to Lord Byron, then a
self to his task with industry and hope, member of the committee of Drury-lane
For some time he was successful, and we theatre, and, through his influence,
have been informed that “Bertrain" brought out at that theatre in May 1816,
was written while the author had six wito an effect and popularity unparallel-
young men residents in his house, and ed since the production of “ Pizarro."
four who attended him for instruction The popularity of dramatic works is,
daily, to all of whom his attention was however, proverbially transient; the
unremitting. At this period he was un moral feeling of the public was wounded
fortunately induced to become security by an alledged fault in the narrative, and
for a relation whose affairs were consi- “Bertram," after carrying all before it
derably involved: the consequence was -- for the first season, and being succusse
what the consequence usually is the fully represented in England, Ireland,
relation defeated his creditors by taking Scotland, and even America, is now, we
the benefit of the Act of Insolvency, and believe, finally discarded from the list of
left the burthen of his debts on those stock-plavs. « Bertram" was followed
who had attempted to lighten their pres- by “ Manuel ;" relative to the failure of
sure on him.
which we have been favoured with some
Mr. Maturin was compelled to give
curious circumstances. When Mr. M.
up his establishment, and is since, we
visited London, on the success of “ Ber-
understand, dependent solely on his lite-
tram," he was urged to employ his pen
for Mr. Kean in the subsequent season.
rary talents for subsistence.
He was informed that that gentleman
We willingly hasten over these details was
was extremely anxious to appear in a
of misery, and pass to what is more pro-
character of hoary and decrepid distress;
perly our province--the history of Mr.
and that the calamitous situation of his
Maturin's literary life. His first pro-
Majesty having rendered the represen-
duction was “ Montorio," and this was
tation of “ Lear" improper, a private
followed by the “Wild Irish Bov," and
character, in a state of grief and insa-
the “ Milesian.” Of these works, Mr.
nity, might be substituted for it, and
Maturin, in his preface to “ Women,"
would insure all the success which the
has spoken with a feeling of severity, in talents of that great actor, exerted in a
which we are disposed most cordially to
character of his own selection, might be
sympathize. They are in fact below all
expected to command. Mr. M. accord-
censure, and we really enjoy Mr. Matu-
ingly strained every nerve to realize the
rin's candour in compromising an au-
conceptions of the performer, and the
thor's feelings with regard to his own
result was a total failure. This may,
works, and speaking of them as they de- perhaps, be a useful lesson to the ambi-
serve.
tious caprice of actors, and the fatal ob-
One circumstance alone could have sequiousness of authors; causes to
induced us to think them worthy of be- which may be ascribed the obvious and
ing mentioned here, and this is, that progressive deterioration of the English
Walter Scott was pleased to find or im- stage.
agine some merit in “ Montorio" -- that We have now, overlooking the sins of
this was signified to Mr. M.-that he his early youth, to speak of Mr. Mi's
availed himself of it to solicit an episto- three last works, “ Bertram,”—“ Ma-
lary communication with Mr. Scott; and nuel," and his tale of “ Women, "-
that to the zealous friendship, the judi- works which, with all their defects, have
cious monitions, and the indefatigable no parallel or resemblance in modern
patronage of this most excellent man, composition. They all apppear purely
our author has been heard gratefully to the works of the author's mivid. They
ascribe all the distinction and success he are, as Johnson savs_“ Painted out
has subsequently enjoyed. Excited by with resolute deliberation;" his cha.
the success of Mr. Sheil's first tragedy racters have no prototype in na-
of “ Adelaide," in Dublin, he wrote ture or life-they never existed, and
“ Bertram," and offered it to the mana- never could have existed-yet they are
ger of Crow-street theatre, by whom it not unnatural. They are the creatures
was rejected in the year 1814. Mr. M. of a powerful and poetical imagination,
Rót possessing any means of access to that can make us believe in its own cres-


1819.)
Fine Arts.
167
tion, and with a touch, like magic, investM r. Maturin, now among our standard
illusions with all the reality of truth. authors, is, it appears, determined to be
He is alike “ disdainful of help or hin- among our most prolific and indefatigable
drance." He has neither image, senti- ones. He has a volume of sermons in the
ment, or style, or way of thinking, in press. He is preparing a series of tales,
common with his eotemporaries. He is which will come before the public the fol.
original (no small praise in this day of lowing season, and he has offered trage-
imitation), and his melancholy is nei dies to the manager of Covent Garden,
ther that “ of the poet, or courtier, or and the Committee of Drury Lane
scholar"-it is his own--the predominant Theatre: from the former, which will
and awful tincture of his mind. His own shortly be forth-coming, high expecta-
feelings have communicated themselves tions are entertained.
to his writings; it is not the fastidious of the private babits or character of
melancholy of-surfeited luxury, not the an individual hitherto so obscure, and
maudlin tear of the bacchanal in the in- living in another country, little can be
terval of intoxication, but that melan- learnt or related ; but we have heard
choly which arises from a sadly experi- that the emotion with which he speaks
mental acquaintance with real suffer- of Mr. Scott, proves him to have a warm
ings and their practical results.
sense of gratitude; and the passiveness
Of “ Bertram" so much has been said with which he has borne the attacks of
in praise and in dispraise, that it would his foes, a very cold one of injustice and
be idle for us to add any thing—it was calumny. In private life he is said to
the most successful tragedy of its day- display a mixture of placidity and insou-
and is still a powerful monument of poe. ciance often united in the literary cha-
tical ability. Of “ Manuel" we are in- racter, and to be a kind relative, an in-
clined to speak more favourably than dulgent parent, and the most uxorious
the public has yet spoken, or will be wil- man breathing.
ling, perhaps, to credit, after its failure. We bave been informed, too, that the
But the reader who turns to the de- most singular contrast exists between
scription of the “ Battle of Osma," in the general character of his writings and
the first act-to the thrilling exclama the temper and taste of the author;
tion of " let none but fathers search," in and that the sorcerer, whose wand and
the second--to the beautiful and poeti- word of power could evoke the awful
cal pleadings of Manuel and De Želos, but distorted phantoms of " Montorio,"
in the third-to the feeble deliriumn and the vivid delineator of the dreaded and
officious debility of Manuel in the fourth dreadless “ Bertram ;" the faithful and
and to the exquisite dialogue between agonizing tracer of the conflicts of blas-
the guardian daughter and the lunatic phemy, suicide, and despair in "Women,"
father, in the fifth, will acknowledge is, in real life, the gayest of the gay,
they have scarce a parallel in English passionately fond of society, and of all
dramatic poetry. « Women," is a work that can exhilarate or embellish it-of
which, with all its dullness, its mono- music, of dancing, of the company of the
tony of suffering, and its horrible ana- youthful, and the society of females.
tomy of the moral frame, stands alone In person Mr. Maturin is tall, and
among modern writings—there is no- formed with much elegance ; but his
thing like it-its profound and philoso- countenance, unless when illuminated
phic melancholy, its terrible researches by conversation, expresses only the pro-
into the deepest abysses of the human foundest melancholy.
heart, and of human feeling-its daring . He must be now 37 years old, having
drawing the veil of the “ holy of holies," been born in the year 1782, though the
while the hand that draws it trembles at advantages of a figure unusually slight
the touch, make it a work unequalled in and juvenile, give him the appearance of
the list of English novels. We know being many years younger.
nothing - Simile aut secundum.
FINE ARTS.
BRITISH GALLERY.
lect amateurs, on the preceding Satur-
THE public exhibition of the works day. The collection, although not so
of the British Artists commenced on numerous in superior specimens, as in
Monday, the Ist of February, after they some former years, bears testimony in
had been submitted to the private in favour of the British school. The artists
spection of the nobility, gentry, and se, and the country owe an incalculable


168
[March 1,
Fine Arts.
debt of gratitude to the British Institu- although not free from the manner
tion. But unless the public second which marks the works of this veteran
their munificent efforts, and government artist. 5. “ A Grove Scene," by Stark,
grants a permanent support to the arts, is a tasteful study from naturc. 210.
we confess that we look forward with “A Sailing Match at Wroxham," by
anxiety for the interest of the noble ob- the same artist ; in happy selection, va-
ject which this patriotic association was riety of object, picturesque composition,
established to advocate.
light, shadow, colouring and execution,
Among the Landscape Painters, who ranks in the first class of landscapes in
bave made an advance this year, Miss the Gallery. 215. “ Interior of a Cow-
Gouldsmith, T. Fielding, G. Samuel, house," by the same, is a clever, well-
M. Ash, and H, W. Burgess, have ob conducted picture. 207. “ A Quarry
tained deserved credit, and produced Ground-Autumnal Evening;" and 216,
many pleasing cabinet specimens. No. “ The Approach of a Thunder Storm,"
15. ** Caernarvon Castle," by C. V. a landscape, with Gypsies, are two pic-
Fielding, is a bold view, with good tures of much merit, by T. Barker ;
forms and large masses; but the sky is and 241, “ A Mason's Boy beating a
opaque, and the effect not sufficiently Sand Boy," by the same artist, is cle.
aërial. Mr. P. Nasmyth has five local verly designed ; the expression is just,
views selected with taste, and executed and the effect broad and spirited; 25.
with spirit and delicacy. No.32. “ The “ The Cottage Door," is also by this
Town of Saltash on the river Tamer artist. This is a representation of Geo.
Early Evening," is an expanded scene, Kelsin, the original woodman, by whose
painted with much truth of nature, picture Mr. Barker, obtained so much
and clear serenity of effect; but some- deserved celebrity many years ago. This
what naked on the foreground. No.44. honest rustic is now in his hundredth
“ Osmington Shore, near Weymouth," year, and is seated at the door of his
by J. Constable, is a clear, well-coloured humble dwelling. His aged wife is sit-
picture; 78, by the same, is cleverly ting behind him. A girl carrying fag-
painted, and the fore and middle-grounds gots on her head, and a boy riding on
happily selected; but the sky is heavy an ass, are seen at a small distance. The
in parts, and, generally, somewhat defi. landscape is rich, and the whole painted
cient in clearness. 75. “ A View near with sobriety and a strong character of
Windsor," by W. Ingalton, is painted nature. B. Barker has six excellent
with breadth and mellowness. 205. landscapes. They are painted in a
* Near Bletsworth, Surrey," by Wilson, broad, spirited style, with much force of
has considerable merit. 45. “ Ulls- effect, but somewhat too dark and cold ·
water." 181. “A Scene at White in the colouring. 228 is “A Coast Scene,"
Knights;" and 191, “ Patterdale, Morn- by J. F. Ellis, with a group of figures
ing," by T. C. Hoffand, are three pleas- seated on a wharf, shipping at the en-
ing views. 166. “ Goodridge Castle," by trance of a dock, and buildings on the
the same, is a bold, romantic prospect, opposite shore. There is a glowing
painted with much force and in a good effect of sun-light in this picture, a good
taste. 98. “ Sheffield, Yorkshire, by taste in the selection and disposition of
Moonlight,” is another of his works, the objects, a breadth and boldness in
with an effect of silvery lustre sufficient the masses of the sky, and a vigour in
to fill a poet's mind with delicate inspi- the penciling, which place this artist
ration. We lingered for some time without a superior in marine composi-
over this picturesquc view of a town to tion, among the exhibitors of this year.
which the pure and fervid Muse of 206. “ A Cottage Scene," by Vincent,
Montgomery has so long directed the is in a good taste, painted with great
attention of the empire. There is a spirit and a fine breadth of light, but
classical chastity in all this artist's land- some of the shadows on the cottage are
scapes; and his grand composition of rather too strong for their relative effect,
Jerusalem" last year shews his vigour of and the dark cow is a spot. 231. “A
imagination ; but the local colouring in View on the River Warsum," is a pleas-
his views would still admit of more liveli. ing and picturesque representation of
ness, and the touch of his foliage of nature : and 71, “ A View on the River
more detailed character. There are Yare, Afternoon,” with boats and
seven landscapes by Ph. Reinagle, R.A. figures, are both by the same artist. In
three of them with cattle and figures, all composition, diversity of subject, truth
painted with great richness of colour, and vigor of local colouring, admirable
spirited penciling, and vigour of effect; diffusion of day-light and richness of


1819.1
169
Fine Arts.
effect, the latter stands in the highest tematically lose sight of Dature, and
class in the rooms. No. 85. “A Scene sink every other quality in an unmean-
on the Coast of Norfolk," by Collins, ing rapidity of hand, and confirmed
was exhibited, last year, at the Royal sameness of manner, may well excite
Academy; but to the lover of nature it our surprize and concern. With one
will always have the charm of novelty, fourth of this gentleman's patural and
The pure taste in the selection of the acquired powers, we are confident he
scene is set off by the exquisite chastity could still obtain a high ground in the
of the execution. The sparkling details public estimation, by regaining the path
of light, form and colour, which consti- of truth and nature, from which he has
tute the sentiment of locality, and the 80 unaccountably straved. No. Gl. the
admirable combination of the objects, “ Mother," and 262, “ Ariel," are by
catry the imagination of the spectator W. Brockedon; the former is a fino
to the sea-shore, and awaken all the thought, but not sufficiently studied.
soothing illusions of the prospect in The child is beautifully conceived, and
the mind. The Fisher Boys are painted the landscape grand ; but the expression
in this artist's best style. In this deli- is not just in the head of the mother :
cious picture we have the clear open it requires to be re-touched. This is
brightness of day. In his admired" Sea evidently a hasty and indigested per-
Coast,” in Sir John Leicester's splendid formance. The Ariel is a pleasing pic-
collection, the cool freshness and ruddy ture, and much more finished. The
glow of sun-rise are painted with unri. wild and fanciful grace of the figure dnes
valled truth and beauty; and in No. 1l, credit to the artist's tasteful conception.
his brilliarit picture of “ The Departure No. 1. “ Moses receiving the tables of
of the Diligence for Rouen,” the effect the law," is by the same artist, and he
of torch and lamp-light are as richly has made a wonderful advance from bis
painted. This latter picture was last historical picture last year, in this per-
May at Somerset House, and duly ap- formance. The directors have hung it
preciated by the public.
at the end of the room, in front of the
In subjects of familiar life, there are great staircase, and it fills this distin-
Bot many candidates for applause. Mul- guished place with honour to their
rendy, the British Jun Steen, who, to a taste and patronage. The attitude
vein of delicate humour, unites the is striking and grand; the figure
power of a draughtsman, and the firm majestic, and considerably above the
execution of a veteran painter, with size of nature. The prophet is bending
a glowing colouring, and breadth of the left knee to the earth, and support-
chiaro-scuro, is not an exhibitor this year. ing his body on the right limh, rere.
Sharp, whose pictures in genteel life rentially receiving the tables from the
possess so rich a fund of merit, has also Most High. The dark clouds and flame
declined the field. We shall, in our next, surround Mount Sinai, on whose height
notice the chief exhibitors in this class; he holds communion with Heaven. The
but shall pass now to another depart. deep sense of an adoring spirit is finely
ment of art. No.64. the “ Infant Ve. expressed by the action of receiving
nus," and 112, the “ Infant Neptune," the tables with his arms elevated, his
by H. Singleton, are too red and brown head bowed, and eyes raised, in silent
in the shadows. 130. “Adam and Eve awe. It exhibits the weakaisi of hu-
lampenting over the body of Abel,” has man nature, eren when covered with
the same defect. This artist has four the divine favour, retiring witin itself,
other pictures, fr.m subjects in ordinary humbled and oppressed by the pr sence
life, of which, 42, a Swiss Peasant of Omnipotence. The grandeur at the
Bor," is designed with graceful sim- conception and power of the execution,
plicity; but indifferently coloured. His place this among the first class of bisa
works have all a sufficient degree of torical single figures in the highest de-
merit, to show that they are the pro- partment of the British School. The
ductioas of an artist of genius; but drapery is simple and large in its folds.
there is a certain common-place facility. The colouring is grave; the drying,
a sleight-of-hand trick in them, which and particularly the fore-shortened knee,
lessens or rather destroys their interest. masterly; the chiaro-scuro vigorous,
That a painter of much taste, and prac. and the whole character marked by an
rical power, who has, in so many of his intensity and elevation, which peculiarly
earlier works, evinced a sense of har- breathe the spirit of Sacred Ilistory.
mony and truth in colour, and of ele- 26. « The return of Louis the Eigh-
gance and beauty in form, should srs- teenth," by E. Dird. When we were
New MONTHLY ALAG. -- No. 62.
VOL. XI.


170
[March 1,
Fine Arts.
informed that this excellent artist had have so often borne testimony to his
undertaken this subject, we were, from merits, and are so convinced of his
a due consideration of its difficulties, liberal interpretation, that we discharge
but little disposed to congratulate him; this unpleasant duty with a perfect re-
and we are much concerned to confess liance on his candour. While we use
that our anticipations are rather con- the language of kind respect to a mind
firmed than disproved by a view of his so full of amenity as his, we are satisfied
picture in the British Gallery. There that we shall not offend; and we are
are so many formalities of dress and eti- confident that the public sense of his
quette, so much cold pomp, empty show, many fine performances will not be les.
and bustle in a modern subject of this sened by the exhibition of this single
class, that we conceive it to be very unfit failure.
for the display of a tasteful and elegant Hilton has retouched his glorious pic-
simplicity or true natural feeling. The ture of “ Una attended by the Satyrs,"
heavy and infirm figure of the King, an from Spenser, since it was exhibited last
old man, in the ordinary dress of the May at Somerset House. He has deep
day, seated on a chair, as a spectacle for ened and harmonized its masses of sha-
the curiosity of the gazing multitude, dow, and toned the splendor of its co-
possesses little dignity or majesty, as louring. The head of the principal
the chief object of the composition. It character has been repainted, and Una is
is a fatality, in the representation of an now the “sweet and gentle Una" of the
event which consisted in a movement Poet. In vigour of imagination, in
of the principal personage, that he is richness of invention, and in a trium-
painted sitting. This single error neu- phant power of execution, this picture
tralizes much of the action and impres- takes the lead as a poetical composition.
sion of the scene. A young and war. The British artist here may fairly chal-
like figure of a King on horseback after lenge the competition of all his contem-
haring landed, or a venerable monarch poraries on the Continent; and this
stepping out with a majestic air, amidst noble performance was immediately fol.
an enthusiastic procession of his people, lowed up by his chef d'autre, the “ Ju-
surrounded by the flower of his nobles, piter and Europa," painted on a commis-
and the loveliest ladies of his court sjon for the rallying ground of British
would have afforded a field for the ge- genius, Sir John Leicester's splendid
nius of the artist. But the prospect gallery. Yet, while England is filled
here is very different. The diligent ac. with the fame of this artist, and while
cumulation of materials, and patient his modest amenity ae a man, renders the
finishing of details reflect credit on Mr. persevering enthu jasm of his genius
Bird's industry; but, as a whole, the more estimable, this admired and admi-
picture is mainly deficient in composi- rable picture his Usa, remains uusuld!
tion, colouring, and character. The 218. “ St. Peter paying the tribute
countenance of the King is like; there with a piece of silver found in a fish," by
are also some other portraits, wbich we G. Hayter. The figures are seen some-
recognized, and many figures, and a what below the breast, and are composed
number of heads in the crowd well in a great style. The old heads are
painted; but the mob of faces and same- grand and venerable ; but that of the
ness of expression, the opaque and lea- soldier has too much of ordinary nature
den hues of the flesh, the cold heavy co- for history. The hands are boldly
louring of the whole, so unsuited to an drawn; the grouping is masterly and
occasion of public exultation, the absothe story well told. The colouring is
lute deficiency of female grace and beau- mellow but there is rather too much of
ty, and the want of effective masses, a monotonous reddish hue in the flesh
contribute altogether rather to repel and draperies, and the chiuro.scuro would
than invite the spectator. It is almost be more effective if it had the advantage
unuecessary to add that the interest of of some high light. The artist's powers
this picture is very confined and feeble. and fine taste are so obvious that we
A captain, who has achieved many vic- conceive be may look less at the works
tories, may bear a single check with of the old masters, and trust more to
perfect gaiety of spirit; so this artist's his own fine vein of invention. This
high and deserved celebrity, in his own picture is, altogether, an important fea-
department of art, and the number of ture in the British Gallery, and a work
excellent pictures which he has painted, of historical genius, which reflects ho-
may enable him to read these observa- mour on the painter and the British
tions with an uomoved temper. We school. 77. “An Italian Peasant Boy,"


H
is 19.]
Fine Arts.
171
HD H.
by the same artist, is a clever picture; through the veins of the spectator. We
but there is a want of gradation in the regret that our restricted limits compel
flesh tints, which are too red; and the us to quit this extraordinary picture, but
head is somewbat too large for the limbs. to notice all its beauties would require
176. “ The Fall of Babylon," by J. a volume.
Martin, unites all the great essentials PATRONAGE OP BRITISH GENIUS.
of an epic poem; and is one of the most AN extraordinary interest is excited
astonishing productions of modern art. in the first amateur circles, by the pre-
It exhibits a splendor of imagination, an parations for exhibiting Sir John Lei-
historical comprehension, and a power cester's splendid collection of paintings,
of combination, rarely united in one by British artists only, early in March.
person. The shipping and landing the The sensation occasioned by the dis-
troops, the march of the armies, the de- play of this truly national gallery, last
struction by fire and sword, and the season, was spread by the press, to
horrors of attack and defence, the dread- every part of the empire. When we
ful glories of victory, the dismay and beheld the blaze of beauty and fashion,
confusion of defeat crowd upon the spec- the dignified mass of rank and talent,
tator's fancy with the spirit-stirring im- which crowded to the view, we could
pulse of an Homeric muse. The public not help fancying ourselves in the temple
edifices and the King's palace, the hang- of British glory; and that the flower of
ing gardens and the tower of Babel, are the whole people were concentered to
represented with a pomp of architecture assist at the restoration of British ge-
and a grandeur of perspective, which nius to her lawful throne, after nearly
fill the mind with the most inagnificent two centuries of deposition. Every
and stupendous ideas of that celebrated native artist felt his breast swell with a
city. The figures are small, but design- prouder hope, and his eyes sparkle with
ed with a greatness of style, which pro- generous exultation: each walked more
duces the effect of magnitude upon the erect, and looked as if he deemed him-
mind. The attitudes and groups are self some inches taller: and, if wishes
SO various, the incidents so striking, could have been followed by the power
and the contrasted features of fear and of execution, we have no doubt but
flight and heroic valour, painted with that a golden statue would have been
such a lively force, that we imagine the raised by professional gratitude to Sir
shock of battle, the subversion of an inn- John Leicester.
perial capital and the fall of a mighty This liberal patron was the first Eng-
empire before us. A correct and mi- lish gentleman of rank and fortune, who
nute attention to the parts, has not, for had the manliness to think for himself
an instant, turned the artist's eye from on the subject of painting, and to es-
a steady comprehension of the whole. pouse the cause of modern art in Eng-
The glittering brilliancy of the touch, land, in the worst hour of its discou-
so necessary in the architectural details, ragement. He set a noble example in
and in the sparkling points of armour and the highest circles, long before that high-
military weapons, is sustained with due minded budy, the British Institution,
gradations on all these objects. The wus Thought of; and with a spirit, which
artist has no where sought to take re- acquires fresh activity in its progress, he
fuge in dingy shadows, or to veil his cir- still continues to lead the proud array
cumstances in false obscurity. The of rank and intellect in favour of
light is broadly diffused throughout the British genius. Within the last year,
whole extent, so as to bring the princi- with a munificent liberality, he has
pal actions succinctly under the eye, in expended a large sum in making addi-
due subordination. We may fairly dis- tions, by West, Fuseli, Hilton, Turner
pense with some technical tricks of sur- and Collins, to his collection. We shall
face and common-place harmony, where notice these fine specimens hereafter.
there is so rich a fund of novel and ge- The picture painted by Hilton, was the
nuine materials. This artist's pencil first commission ever obtained by that
speaks a language as original as his con- admirable artist. The subject of this
ceptions are dauntless and diversified. chef-d'auvre of his pencil, is Jupiter and
The wing of his imagination never flags. Europa, and we may fairly pronounce
The fiery impulse of his genius, the true it the most glowing piece of poetry ever
epic spirit, is every where in motion, produced by an English pencil. Sir
invigorating the action, enkindling pas- John's independent taste, in this in-
sion, exciting interest, and sending the stance, has had an important effect upon
blood in swifter and warmer currents the fame and fortune of the painter.


172
[March 1,
Dramatic Register - Covent-Garden.
The appearance of this picture was im- The Gallery has been superbly fitted up.
mediately followed by a commission for The pictures are newly arranged so as
an historical picture, from that zealous to bring forward the historical and
advocate and patron of British art, Sir fancy subjects into the most conspicuous
Richard Colt Hoare; and by Mr. Hilton's situation, and to give the most striking
election to the rank of a Royal Acade- effect to the whole. Last season the
inician. The Europa occupies a distin- impulse occasioned by the display was
guishe place in this splendid collection, felt in London, Dublin, and Edinburgh;
and will for ever share in the fame of and we bare no doubt but that through
the Leicester Gallery and its princely the medium of the press and tile report of
tou uder.
noble fureigners, the sensation of this
A magnificent landscape by Wilson, year's exbibition will be felt in Paris,
and some fine works by Opie and Norill- Rome, and Vienna.
W. C.
cote wie among the alditional pictures,
THE DRAMA.
COVENT GARDEN.
falsehood, stigmatizes her as the king's mis-
On Wednesday the 10th, a vew tra. tress, and finally requests to see his portrait,
gedy was performed at this house, to a
which she usually wore as the pkdge of lis
affection. She takes out the king's por-
very crowded and fishionable audience.
trait, and, without looking at it, gives it to
The scene is laid in Naples, and the fol-
him. This confirms all he had heard from
lowing is an outline of the plot:-
Ludovico. Ile casts away the portrait of
The King, in the midst of his court, grants Evadne, her former gilt, and after violent
an audience to the noble Colonna (Young), reproaches, quits her in anger for ever-
wo loudly inveighs against courtiers, as Ludovico next urges him to inarry Olivia-
Eave and faithless minions. lie also de- he consents, and enters her house lo sclicit
nounces Ludovico, the king's minister and her hand. In the mean time Colonna sur-
favourite, as a traitor who kept a band of prises Evadne in tears, before Olivia's door,
3000 armed men in dav, for his own crimi- and surmising that her distress was occa-
nal designs against the throne. The King sioned by Vincentio's neglect, questions her,
listens with dignified temper. Ludovico but she endeavours to pacify him by assura
(acready enters; replies with vehement ances that it was only a lover's quarrel, ori-
protestations of zealous loyalty; and retorts ginating in her own waywardness, Evadne
the charze of treason in terms of scorniul is informed by Ludovico, that Vincentio is
fury on Colonna. To further his ambitious at that moment with Olivia, setting the day
designs, and revenge himself on his noble of their marriage. Ludovico goes out, and
denouncer, he subsequently avails himsell' of Vincentio, on quitting Olivia's bome, morts
the king's passion for Evadne (MissO'Neil) Eradne-treats her with scornful cruelty,
the sister of Colonna, to inspire him with a and avows his intended marriage with Olivia.
Qiminal hope of obtaining her. Vincentio, Colonna enters, and seeing his sister's ex-
(Mr. C. Kemble) the favoured lover of treme disorder, insists upon knowing the
Evadne.returns from an embassy at Florence, cause. She endeavours to assume an air
and Ludovico shews him a letter, in her of gaiety to prevent a duel, but bursts into a
hand-writing, filled with warm expressions passion of tears. Colonna questions Vin-
of tenderness, and written for him, but with centio, who points to Evadne, as the king's
a forged direction to the king. By this, mistress-Colonna strikes him, and goes
mind many artiul asseverations, le persuades out, ordering him to follow, and decide their
him into a belief that she has been se difference by the sword. Vincentio, in a
duced by the king, who means to hide her paroxysm of tury, rushes from Eradne,
shame by marrying her to ber deceived lo- dashes her to the ground, and hastens after
ver. Ludovico also persuades Olivia (Mrs. his challenger.
Faucit) his kinsuomalı, who is in love with Ludovico promises the king possession of
Vincertio, to forward his base plot against Evadne; nay more, that the brave and
Evadne. The latter, in the midst of her high-minded Colonna, her brother, shall
joy for the arrival of her lover, while gaz- himself bring her to him, at midnight. He
ing tenderly on his miniature, is surprised afterwards meets Evadne, hurrying to pre-
by Olivia, who requests to view the portrait, vent the duel, and detaios her, by telling
and obtains it. Just then Evadne secs Vin- her that he had already reconciled her bro-
centio approaching, and Olivia taking ad- ther and Vincentio. He reminds her of his for-
vanizse of her agitation, exchanges his por mor love, and assails her with the most fran.
tra't for thai ofile king, which she gives to tic exclamations, on her observing that she
Evadne, who hastily places it in her bosom, thought his passion was forgotten. He goes
without examination. Olivia goes out, and out, and Colonna enters, with his sword
Vincentio meets Evadne's kind welcome bloody, and avows to Evadpe that he has
with repulsive coldness, upbraids her with avenged her wrongs by the death of in-


1819.)
178
Dramatic Register - Covent-Gurden.
centio. The guards enter, and seize Co- Colonna with a fiery boldness, although
lonna, who, by a recent law, is to suffer im- in l.is first interview with the king he ra-
mediate death for the murder of Vincentio. ther exceeded the tone and bearing of a
While preparations are making for his exe- subiect. Olivia and the Kiny are not
cution, Ludovico visits him in prison, dis-
very prominent characters, but Mrs.
misses the guard, and tells him that he has
Faucit and Mr. Abbot made the most of
obtained his pardon from the king, on the
dreadful condition that he is to give a splej-
thein. Miss O'Neil displayed her usual
did party that night in his palace, and, after
excellence; particularly in her efforts to
the departure of the other guests, the king prevent the duel. Her endeavours to
in to remain and retire to a chamber, there assume a gaiety when her heart was
to receive Evadne írom the hand of her bro- bursting, had an electrifying effect upon
ther. He adds, that, shocked by this hor- the audience, and added a new wreath
rid proposal, he had accepted the pardon, to to the fame of this charming actress.-
give Colonna an opportunity of stabbing the The first and second acts were well re-
king in bed. Colonna, alter some repug. ceived: the third and fourth were
nance, accedes to the plot. The king is in-
heary,and occasioned apprehensions. The
vited to the banquet, and, after he has re-
statue scene itself was dubious, until the
tired to a bed chamber, in Colonna's palace,
energies of Macready, on turning roond
Colouna eviers an adjoining apartment,arm-
ed by Ludovico with a dagger. While he
and discovering the king, threw the
is attemwing to open the door of the king's house into a burst of acclamation, and
room, his attention is called off by a voice. produced a favourable decision. The
It is that of Evadne, who enters, as if ac- curtain fell amidst thunders of apinlause,
quainted with his purpose-informs him which were renewed without a dissent-
that Vincentio was not dead, and persuades ing voice, when the play was given out!
him to let her meet the king. He complies, for performance the next evening.
but struck by the strangeness of the request, There are many just and noble senti-
suspects her inclinations, and conceals him.
ments, and fine flights of imagination in
self to over-hear their conversation. The
this tragedy ; but its diction is very un-
king enters, and Evadne addresses herself to
him, in a strain of exhortation, on the cha-
equal, and the transitions from classical
equals.
racter of her ancestors, whose statues stand vigor to common place feebleness or ob-
in the chamber. At length she comes to one, scurity, not uncommon. The characters
and' asks if he knows it. She reminds him unfold the story, without being so de-
it is that of her father, who had been his cidedly marked as to leare strong in-
tutor, and who had fallen in battle, by step- pressions. Their inconsistencies are, ia
ping between him and a stroke aimed at his many instances, so obvious, as to merit
life. She then einbraces the statue, and in- notice. The King, in the first scene.
vokes the spirit of her father for protection. listens with dignified calmness to Colon-
The king is struck with remorse, and aban-
n- na's bold and rather boisterous tone of
en
dons his design. She calls forth Colonna,
who is received into favour by the king. On
remonstrance, and observes, that the
Ludovico's approach, Evadne retires, and
liberty of speech with which he permits
the king conceals himself behind the statues that nobleman to address him, is a
Ludovico, on his entrance, is told by Co- proof that he, himself, is no tyrant.
lanna that he has killed the king. His am- This just observation, and the fact, ex.
bitious exultation breaks forth, he reproach- bibit the king in a favourable light. He
es Colonna as his dupe, and calls in the is not stigmatized by any acts of cruelty
guards to seize him, as the murderer of his or oppression; nor is his nature marked
sovereign. They enter-and, in the mo- by habitual vices. His lawless passion
ment of his turning round to complete his för Evadne is the only stain upon his
triumph, he is struck aghast by the ap- character. Yet he is unnecessarily made
pearance of the king, but recovers himself,
to consent to the horrid project that she
and endeavours to regain his ascendancy by
fruitless protestations of zealous loyalty. As
shall be brought to his chamber and sur-
his last resource, he dra'vs his sword, in des rendered to him by Colonna, upon whom
pair, is slain by Colonna, in an attempt he had no prior quarrel to revenge; and
to kill the king, and the piece terminates in whose debasement, by this loathsome
without the re-appearance of Vincentio. act of turpituile, he could find no possi-
The whole strength of the company ble gratification. His readiness to make
was employed to support this play; and the nuble-minded brother an instrument
the performers did ample justice to their of his sister's shame, is contrary to the
parts. Macready exlıibited all the ſea- tenor of the king's character; and
tures of a daring, lıypocritical villain, plunging him, without any heightening
with great vigour and discrimination, in of the interests or futherance of the
Ludovico, Charles Kemble was equally plot, into an abominable guilt, which
spirited in Vincentio. Young played could only be consistent with the con-


174
Dramatic Register-Covent-Garden. (March 1,
firmed depravity of a brutal and aban- ing out the portrait from her bosom, to
doned nature. Yet, after having thus give it to Vincentio, at once see that it
yielded, uphesitatingly, to the commis- was the portrait of the king, and state to
sion of so detestable a crime, this same Vincentio the trick of the exchange that
monster, when alone with the object of had been so recently put upon her by
his upgovernable passion, apparently Olivia ? Ludovico, from the first, plans
surrendered to his will at the hour of the death of the king by the hand of Co-
midnight, listens calmly to her exhorta- lonna, and yet he exposes Colonna to
tions, and is reasoned out of his unruly the chance of death, in the duel with
wishes, by that beauty, for whose pos- Vincentio. The repentance of Olivia,
session he was ready to bestow half his tuo, is strange and abrupt. After this
realm on Ludovico ! We have the high- unprincipled woman had, by a base act
est opinion of female eloquence, but of perfidy, obtained the object of her
still we may doubt, whether the lips and wishes, the certainty of marriage with
eyes of a lovely woman are the very fit. Vincentiv, she relents, and betrays her-
test means to preach a libertine, at such self in pity for her rival! Thé loyal
an hour and opportunity, out of his de Colomna, from the outset, avowed his
sires. At least we would, by no means, conviction that Ludovico was a false dis-
advise our fair friends to seek such occa- sembling traitor. He denounces him as
sions of making converts. And yet this such to the king, and yet he listens to
royal lover, so mild and respectful, and all his treasonable machinations, and is
open to conviction, is the monster, who, persuaded by him, without any other
in the preceding act, granted a pardon evidence, to become the midnight mur-
to the brother, on the horrid condition derer of his sovereign! Ludovico re-
of his consenting, himself, to deliver up reals all his intentions before-hand-
his sister to infamy !- Ludovico, too, every thing turns out as he planned it,
was formerly a suitor of Evadne ; and excepting the last chance ; and he is
yet Vincentio, her favored lover, not only only prevented from winning that, by the
readily listensto all his vile suggestions for miraculous conversion of a royal liber-
exciting his jealousy and causing him to tine, at midnight ka miracle indeed !
break off his connection with her, but, The blushing beauty, whom he met, by
as credulously, at once, adopts his advice assignation, for the accomplishment of
to marry Olivia. How long is it since his wishes, reasons him from his wicked
men began to take the advice of their purpose. He becomes, at once, calm, and
rivals in their love affairs? Why Evadne dispassionately resigns her to a union
did not direct the letter to Vincentio, with her lover: and the high-spirited
and dispatch it to him--and how Ludo. Colonna as suddenly grows cool, and
vico came to possess it, are not very loses all sense of the dishonourable at
clear. We must consider Olivia's ex. tempt upon his sister!
change of the portraits as a preconcerted We have felt it our duty to offer these
treachery: but how could Olivia foresee observations from a sincere wish to see
that Evadne, on their next meeting, the drama restored to its true tone and
would have Vincentio's portrait out dignity, as an organ, which possesses a
gazing on it? How could she foresee powerful influence upon public manners
that, after she had made the exchange, and morals. We have a hope, also, that
Evadne would not immediately look at Mr. Sheil, the author of this fortunate
the king's portrait and detect her trea- pieco, for whom we feel a just respect,
chery? Would any one, in their senses, 'will in his next dramatic effort, allow
however bent on the separation of the himself more time for due consideration.
lovers, have incurred so imminent a ha. It is his duty to rely less upon the ac-
zard of a discovery, which must have tors, and more upon his own talents-
been fatal to all the projects of Olivia to make his characters, at least, in some
and Ludovico ? How was she to foresee degree, consistent with themselves-tó
that Vincentio, after having been made found his circumstances in the probabi-
to believe his mistress false, by the lities of real life; and to give the pas-
strong evidence of an impassioned lettersions their true direction, as the only
to the king, in her own hand-writing, means of acquiring a permanent reputa-
would ever again enter into conversation tion, and deeply touching the bosoms or
with her, or be so weak as to hang a exciting the interests of an audience. )
doubt upon the indecisive circumstance A new farce called “ Place Hunters,"
of her wearing or not wearing his por. was brought out at this house the same
trait? And finally, what chance was week. It was a poor flimsy thing, merely
there that Evadne would not, upon tak- written to display Liston, and after hav-


1819.) Drury Lane Theatre-Literary Report-Copy-right Act. 175
ing been twice played to dissatisfied au sustain the piece, we never saw a play
diences, was compressed into a piece of worse supported. This was so obvious,
one act, called “ How to Get a Place." that cries of “shame! shame!" were
DRURY-LANE.
several times directed to an eminent
Monday, Feb. 15, a new tragedy call- actor, from the pit and boxes. After a
ed “ Switzerland," was performed at this succession of outcries, the performance
Theatre. It was publicly known to be closed, amidst a general uproar of con-
from the pen of Miss Jane Porter; demnation; and, on a persevering call
and the deserved reputation which she for the manager, Mr. Stephen Kemble
has acquired by her novels, excited a appeared, and declared that, in obedience
considerable expectation, and early filled to the decision of the house, the piece
the house. The scene was laid in the would be withdrawn.
times when the Swiss contended for li- Feb. 11, a new farce, called High No-
berty against Austria. But, as the pub- tions; or, a Trip to Ermouth, was
lic have no interest in the particulars of brought out at this theatre. This plea-
a condemned play, we shall not trespass sant trife is written by Parry, the mu-
on our readers by an attempt to unravel sical composer, and afforded some scope
the plot. Indeed, from the continued for the coinic powers of Munden, kinight,
confusion which prevailed in all parts Russel, and Mrs. Alsop. Mr. T. Cook,
of the house, it was utterly impossible Miss Cubit, and Mrs. Bland, with some
to obtain any correct particulars of the tolerable songs, contributed to its fa-
story. We cannot, however, forbear vourable reception, although without any
remarking, that although the strength claim upon particular notice.
of the company was brought forward to
W.C.
LITERARY REPORT.
(We beg to remind oor Correspondeals that all Notices for this Department must be sent on or before
the 15th of each month.]
COPY-RIGHT ACT.
and of every volume thereof, upon the paper
AN honourable member of the House of upon which the largest number or impres-
Commons having given notice, that, on the sion of such book shall be printed for sale,
11th of March, he intends again to bring together with all maps and prints belonging
the subject of Copy-right under considera- thereto, &c. &c., free of all expense, &c. &c."
tion, we cannot help expressing a hope, that -- But as the case will shortly undergo a
a tax so injurious to the interests of literature, new and ample investigation, we shall refrain
and so unfair in principle, will then be entire- from offering any further observations at
ly abolished. We are at a loss to discover one present, confidently hoping, that so flagrant
tenable argument by which the continuance an act of injustice only requires to be tho-
of the imposition can be supported. It is roughly explained to the Ilouse, to insure its
a partial impost for a general purpose; it discontinuance.
is the reverse of what it purports to be, and
acts in every point to discourage literature, A new monthly publication is announced
rather than to encourage it. It is detri- at Liverpool, entitled The Imperial Maga-
mental to the public revenue, and the worst zine, or Compendium of Religious, Moral,
mode that can be devised for the advantage and Philosophical Knowledge. The first
even of the public bodies in whose behalf it number is expected to be ready by the 31st
is meairt to operate.
March.
In the rudest and most uncivilized times, Collections for a Topographical, Histori-
some protection has been afforded to litera- cal, and Descriptive Account of Boston and
ture, and the discriminating power then was the Hundred of Skirbeck, in the County of
left to the author, or publisher, whether he Lincoln, by Mr. PishEY THOMPSON; will
would avail bimself of the protection of the be published in royal 8vo. and royal 4to.
act or not; and if he did take the protection in the course of the ensuing summer.
so offered, he was very properly called to Mr. WesTGARTI FORSTER is preparing
pay for it. Nor was it till 1814, that, under for publication, by subscription, a second,
an act entitled An Act for the Encourage- improved, and greatly enlarged edition of
ment of Lilerature, he was compelled to his Treatise on a section of the Strata, com-
have his property secured to him by law, mencing near Newcastle-upon-Tyre, and
which he was before in safe possession of, concluding in the West side of the Moun-
and for which he was bound, according to tain Cross Fell; with remarks on Mineral
the first enactment, to present, when de- Veins in general ; also Tables of the Strata
manded, (and this is rigorously enforced, in Yorkshire and Derbyshire. To which
even to the most trumpery novels, “eleven are added, a Treatise on the discovery, the
printed copies of the whole of every book, opening, and the working of Lead Mines ;


170
Useful Arts.
(March 1,
with the dressing and smelting of Lead Ores; the addition of his Speech on the Trial o?
illustrated with several additional plates. the Sheareses, and other speeches dever
Mr. T. Yeat E6, late of All Soul's Col- before collected: with a Memoir and Por-
lege, Oxford, and author of the “Collation trait.
of an Indian copy of the Hebrew Penta The second and concluding volume of
leuch," “ The Indian Church History," &c. Baynes's Ovid's Epistles, 12mo.
&c., is now printing a Syriac and English London, or a Month at Stevens's, a sa-
Grammar, designed for ihe use of British tirical novel, by a late Resident.
Stadents. The work was originally com Zeal and Experience, a Tale, 8vo.
posed at the request and under the inspection Discourses on some of the most important
of the late Rev. Dr. Buchanan.
Doctrines and Duties of Christianity, by
Mr. WILLIAM CAREY will publish, at the PETER SMITH, A. M. ; 8vo.
close of next month, An Exposition of the A new edition of A Song to David, hy the
Anti-British System of publication, tending late C. SMART, M. A., translator of Ilorace.
to sacrifice the honour and interests of the LUTHER'S Commentary on the Psalms,
British Institution, the Royal Academy, and with historical elucidations and illustrative
the whole Body of the British Artists, to the engravings, 8vo.
passions, prejudices, and audacious false- Elements of Radiant and Fixed Matter,
hoods of certain disappointed candidates for with plates, 8vo.
prizes at the British Gallery, and for admis. A View of the Intellectual Powers of Mao,
sion to the rank of Associate Academicians with Observations on their Cultivation, by
Mr. MARTIN.
In the Press, and shortly may be er-
The Jacobite Poetical Relics of Scotland,
pected :
during the struggles in 1715 and 1745, by
Levlin Abbey, a novel, by Miss Lerant. Mr. Hogy, the Ettrick Shepherd.
Dudley, a novel in 3 vols. by Miss The Life of Demosthenes, with an Ac-
O'Keefe.
count of the Age of Philip of Macedon and
Political Essays, in 1 vol. 8vo. by Wil Alexander the Great, by S. FLEMMING, esq.,
LIAM Hazlitt.
in one volume, 4to.
Sixty Curious and Authentic Narratives Rosalind and Helen, a tale, with other
and Anecdotes, respecting extraordinary poems, by P B. SHELLY, esq.
Characters ; illustrative of the tendency of A Translation of the Abbé Guille's
Credulity and Fanaticism; exemplifying the Treatise on the Amusements and Instruction
consequences of Circumstantial Evidence, of the Blind, with engravings.
and recording remarkable and singular in The Family Useful Companion, contain-
stances of voluntary Human Suffering, with ing a variety of Domestic Receipts, by Mr.
various interesting occurrences; by John W. PyBus, of Hull.
CECIL.
A Chronological Abridgment of the Ilis-
Speeches by the Right Hon. Joun Phil- tory of Modern Europe, compiled from the
POT CURRAN, late Master of the Rolls in best Historians by Mrs. Piqu'ET.
Ireland. An edition greatly enlarged by
USEFUL ARTS.
PATENT SAFE COACH.
feet. It is impossible for it to lose its balance ;
Mr. HENRY MATTHEWS, of Gretton as it is broader than the common coach, and
Place, East, Bethnal Green, has invented a allows more room for passepers. The
stage coach upon a new principle. This perch, body, and boot, are something
coach, of which we subjoin a drawing, is con- shorter, so that all the weight is much
structed with considerable ingenuity, and nearer, and morn at the coinmand of the
seems to have reached the ne plus ullra of horses. The present coaches, loaded oui-
safety. It owes its origin to the pumerous side, and not within, are as easily turned
overturns and accidents that so much afflict over as a column fifteen feet in height.
the public ; and is eminently calculated to and only four feet six inches in diameter,
allay all future apprehensions. Its struc- the centre of gravity being the same in
ture is light and elegant, and quite dissi- both. The wheel-horses, by this plan, are
milar to the usual forms; their narrowness is relieved from that unequal variation, so
justly complained of, and they are often general, occasioned by the weight being
made to appear, from the union of persons placed so high as to vibrate from side to
and packages, like the baggage carts of an side, the horses being compelled to an equal
army. This, styled the “ Safe Coach," pace with a jerking unequal pull, from
admits neither passengers nor parcels on alternately bearing heavier on one side than
the roof; there are commodious seats, about the other. The wheels, pearly the size of
six feet six iuches from the ground; and the mails, are fastened on with a lock and
the luggage is under lock, secured from key, putting to rest all apprehension of their
all possible loss, impervious to wet, and « dying off.” And to prevent uncomfort-
placed at about three feet si inches, instead able intermixture of different classes of per
of eight feet pine inches, lowering the sons, now so prevalent on the ontside of
centre of gravity between two and three stage coaches, the front seats are devoted to


1819.)
Patent Safe Co

P
SAED COACH
GDONE
PATENT
SPOUS.
LA
De
or
NEW MONTHLY MAG.–No. 62.
Vol. XI.


178
Meteorological Report.
[March 1,
those who choose to pay a halfpenny per moding, or even touching each other; and
mile more. The patentee does not intend the lover of nature will obtain better views
to sell his coaches; but to let them out on than from a post-chaise, it being higher,
hire for the same price now paid or sug- and with more windows.
tained by the coachmaster. The additional A singular Machine denominated the
halfpenny per mile for the front seats out. Pedestrian Hobby-Horse, invented by Ba.
side, will be his (the patentee's); but he ron Von Drais, a gentleman at the court of
will farm them to the coachmaster. His the Grand Duke of Baden, and which has
coach affords convenience for stowing five been introduced into this country hy a
cubic feet of more luggage than can be tradesman in Long Acre. The principle
stowed in all parts of the present coaches, of this invention is taken from the Art of
and will yield; calculating each foot to con- Skating, and consists in the simple idea of
tain only 2436. (say to Brighton, at ld. per a seat upon two wheels, propelled by the
Ib.) an additional sum of
0 10 0 feet acting upon the ground. The riding
It is empowered by the act to carry
seat, or saddle, is fixed on a perch upon
two more outside passengers than
two double shod wheels, running after each
the usual, they being licensed to
other, so that they can go upon the foot-
carry 12, only on the condition of
ways. To preserve the balance, a small
carrying no luggage outside :
board, covered and stuffed, is placed before,
these two, at 12s. will be
1 4 0 on which the arms are laid, and in front of
- which is a little guiding pole, which is held
1 14 0 in the band to direct the route. The swift-
Hence it appears by this statement, the ness with which a person well practised can
“ Safe Coach" will produce to the coachmas travel, is almost beyond belief; eight, nine,
ter for every 100 miles journey, an increased and even ten miles may, it is asserted, be
profit of 3). 8s.; to the public it will afford passed over within the hour, on good level
perfect safety, at no more than the present ground. The machine, it is conjectured,
charges, and to the horses less labour. It will answer well for messengers, and even
exceeds every other carriage for ease and for long journeys; they do not weigh more
pleasantness; the inside passengers, only than fifty pounds, and may be made willa
four, sit as in arm-chairs, without incom- travelling pockets.
M.43
E.
M.32
M.45
Foggy
E. 48
M.39
N.
E.49
Rainy
METEOROLOGICAL TABLE.
N.B. The Observations are made twice every day, at Eight o'Clock in the Morning and
at Ten in the Evening.
1819. Ther. 1 Wind General Remarks
Ther. 1 Wind. General Remarks.
Jan.25 SM.39S
Rainy
M.35 W.
Serene
E.40 S.W. Serene
Feb.13
1 UE. 34 W.NW. Serene
M.41 S.S.W. Cloudy
M.31 W.N.W. Serene
E. 37 E.N.W.
Cloudy
E. :9 N.W. Serena
Foggy
W S.W. Rain
E:42
Foggy
E.42 S.W. Rain
M.49
S.E.
Lighibreeze,cloudy
M.43 S.W. Rair
E. 41
Lightbreeze,cloudy
E. 50 S.W. Rain
M.35
Foggy
S.W.V. Cloudy, rain
E.38
E. 48 S.S. W. Cloudy, rain
M.38
Cloudy, showers
M.45 N.W. Stormy
E.38
| N.W.
Cloudy, showers
S.S.W. Stormy
Cloudy
M.50 S.S.W.
Rainy
E 39 N.
Cloudy
W. S.W. Rainy
M.28 S.W. Severe
M.54 V.S. W.
Seb.
Cloudy, raia
E. 36 s.s.W.
E. 45 S.S.W. Cloudy, rain
M.35 N.
Snow
M 43 S.W. Stormy
E. 97 s.w. Suow
E. 41 N.W. Stormy
M.23 S.E.
Cloudy
M.10 N.
Clnudy
E. 42 S.W.
Cloudy
E. 57 | W.S.W: Cloudy
M.36 W.
(loudy
E. 38 W.
Cloudy
METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
M.37 E.
Rainy
E. 46 S.S.W.
Rainy
M.45 W.S.W. Screre
THE prediction which was hazarded at the close
E. 41 W.S.W. Serene
of the Meteorological Journal in our last Number,
M.38 S.W. Serene
that the present month, would be extremely wet,
E. 36 W.
Serene
and unusually warm, has been very nearly verified.
M.34 W.N.W. Serene
The thermometer having only the last three days
E. 29 N.W. Serene
descended below the freezing point on the second
1.9 w. Cloudy
of the month. We experienced a sliglit fall of
W.S.W
Cloudy
snow, the first this winter, which remained on the
M.40 W.S.W. Cloudy, rain
ground during a few hours. The prevailing winds
E.S9 W..w. Cloudy, raia
have been the W, and S.W.; when the wind has
M.41 w.
Cloudy
veered from these points it has been only for a
E. 4| W.S.W. Cloudy
short time.
M.38
Cloudy
E. 88 W.N.W. Cloudy
E. 36
babattend
w.


1819.)
| 179 1
AGRICULTURAL AND COMMERCIAL REPORT.
THE uncommonly mild weather of the season (which cannot be called winter), succeed-
ing the great drought of last summer, has produced an effect upon agriculture never
before recollected in this climate. All kinds of vegetation are more forward in their growth
than in any preceding year. In the first week of February, the coppice woods having a
southern aspect, were decorated with the flowery hue of the blowing primrose ; and the
young wheats, sown after beans in the midland counties, have a very grotesque appear-
ance, the flag being large enough to be mown with the scythe, and being interspersed with
bean plants from 10 to 12 inches high, with all their perfection of foliage, similar to what
they have in the month of June. These extraordinary bean plants have every appearance
of bloom, and, should the weather continue mild, there may be a probability of their per-
fecting their seed. The young wheats, either upon lay or after faliots, are more laden
with flag than ever was known at this season.
The land, even upon tenacious soils, was never known to rise more mellow and friable
after the plough, which do doubt arises from the effect produced in the mechanical ar-,
rangement of the soil, by its contraction in the great drought of last summer.
The pastures are, in many grazing districts, full of grass, although the cattle have not,
in many places, been taken from out them.
The turnips have run to top, and are not so much in demand as was expected.
The soiling crops of every description, are in a more forward and luxuriant state than
ever known at the beginning of March.
THE evil consequences of speculation reverted to in our last number, have manifested
themselves to a great extent, since its publication, in the failure of several conimercial
houses of long established reputation, and by an almost universal distrust pervading the
entire circle of commercial intercourse. The disorganization that now exists in the com-
mercial world, is equal to that produced by the universal proscription of Bonaparte, pre-
ceded by the confiscation of several millions value of property, at the close of the year
1810. Indeed, the same results are produced by extremely different causes--a defalcation
of value in 1810, the merchants of England sent ten millions value of property to dif-
ferent ports of Europe, which was seized by the agents of Bonaparte, and three-fourths
of it at least was totally lost. In 1817 and 1818, the merchants of England, if merchants
they are entitled to be called, contracted for quantities of various articles, such as Cotton,
(particularly East India,) Coffee, Tallow, and Tobacco, at prices double their legitimate
value; and for Grain, double the quantity required for consumption, to an amount, col-
lectively, of twenty millions. The accumulated quantities, the necessary consequence of
extreme prices, as necessarily tends to a depression in price in the market of consumption,
and a final defalcation of property. It is true there is not that absolute extinction of property
that resulted from the measures of Bonaparte in 1810; but the evil consequences to the com-
mercial community at large are the same, and the conduct of those who have occasioned them,
at the present time, infinitely more absurd and reprehensible, than in the former: because, in
1810 there was some chance of compensation for the risk; but in the transactions of the pre-
sent time, a loss was an inevitable consequence. To point out more clearly the fallacy and
and false views that pervade the commercial proceedings of the present day, we subjoin a
statement of the Importation of Foreign Grain in 1818, and the comparative supply of
every kind of Grain into London for the last seven years; by which it will be seen, that
the total supply of 1818 is nearly double the average of the last seven years, wbilst the
continued supply is equal to the consumption; consequently, a year's supply remains a
dead stock on hand, incurring expense, and deteriorating in value to the proprietors, in
addition to withholding a capital of five to six millions from application. The inferences
deducible from this perversion of proceeding, on the part of those who cause a supply of any
article of commerce, so considerably exceeding its consumptive demand, are various, and,
as applied to grain, involve themselves into the general policy of the country; and the
interest which the question invariably excites, as to the capability or incapability of Great
Britain to produce a sufficient supply of grain for its consumption, we deem a sufficient
excuse, in the present instance, for our digressing in some measure from the mere formula
of a commercial report. It is evident that we have soils capable of production, not
cultivated; that we have physical powers capable of application, and willing for action ;
and that the capital pow absorbed, and likely to remain so, in grain, the production of a
foreign soil, is more than five times sufficient to have put such a portion of the present
dormant faculties of the country into action, as would have tended essentially to redeem
it from a great portion of that misery which now pervades the condition of the manu-
facturing labourer. We submit these observations to the sober reflections of our readers,
in the hope that it will cause that sound and comprehensive inquiry, which shall produce
an equilibrium of pursuit in the various occupations of the country, foreign as well as
domestic, as shall promote the essential interests of alle


1819.]
181
Bankrupts.
R.
ander and Co., New Inn.- Kealey R. Lower row.-Potts R. Holborn hill, haberdasher, (Hodg.
piace, Rochdale, Lancaster, woollen manufacturer son, Dyer's court, Aldermanbury. - Pitcher J.
(Chippud le, Crane court. Hopper C. Little Upper Thames Street, carpenter (Godman and Co.
Trinity inue. lace dealer (Umney, Clement's lun. Earl Street, Blackfriars.-Peuny G. and R. Thomp-
labelu G. B and C Liverpool, merchants son, Miucing lane, brokers (Knight and co., Ba-
Bians ock and Co, Inuer Temple.-Hardman J. singhall street. -Peers J. Liverpool, merchant
Manchester, Warehouseman (Kay, Essex street, (Arisun, and co., Castle Street Holborn.-Phillips
Nanchester.
G. E. Plymouth, Sadler (Anstice and co., Inner
J.
Temple.-Prest W. and J. Woolner, Laurence
'Jones E. Gt Sutton street, Clerkenwell, coal. Poutney Lane, coin-factors (Druce and Co. Billi.
meichanl (Castle, Cursitor street.-Jay J, Old ter laue.
Jewry Wine Merchant (Taylor and Co., New Ba.
singhall street. - joves J. Liverpool and H. Hughes, Russel J. Texkesbury, Gloucestershire, linea
Demarara, merchants (Dacie and Co., Palsgrave draper, (Cardale and co., Gray's 100.-Reddall T.
place. Temple Bar.-Jacksou E. Upper Thames Liverpool, merchant, (Addington and co.. Beda
street, sugar factor (S.nith and Co., Leman street, ford row. Reddall w. Liverpool, merchant (Ad.
Goodmu's Falds. Johnson J. Lucas street, Com- dington aud co., Bedford row.-Phillips R. Exeter.
Berdai road, merchant (Willey Weliciose square. Chenist (Brutton, Broad street -Rothwell J Mort
-Jone, W Shoreditch. Earthenwarciaan (Sutcliffe, feld, Ulliwell, Lancaster, Whitster (Meadow
Ear treet, Blackfriars,
croft, Gray's Inn, Robertson E. Manche:ter, cota
K.
tou spinner (Ellis, Chancery lane. - Randall J..
' Kent J. Sono market, brewer, (Chilton, Chan. Paucrass stieer, Tottenham court road, auctioneer.
cery labe.
(Colingridge, Secretaries office, Colman street
L.
Ratfield J. Edward Street, Cavendish Square,
L'ond T. and J. Winter, Blue Bell yard, St. dealer, (Draper and co., Exchange buildiugs-
Ja jes's streit, wire mercbants (Dennetts and Co., Reed T and J. Middlemas, Newcastle upon
King's Arnis yard, Colemao streti.-Lloyd T. Type, merchants (Knight and co, Basinghall st.
Tibberton, ilereford, farmer (Pewtriss, Gray's Inp. -Revett J. Juar. Tolleshent, Darcy, Essex, butche
- L iL GI. Prescott street, merchant (Lewis, er (Milne and co., Temple.
Crutched Eriars. Lewis W. Beak street, Goidea
S.
squire, woollen diaper (Davis and Son, Lothbury. Salter C. Junr. Portsca, grocer, (Sweat and co.,
Lloyd W. Shrewsbury, tailor, (Griffiths, South Basighall street-Sayer E. Bath, tailor (Adlington,
ampton buildings, Chancery lane,-Longdon J. and co., Bedford row-Sinyth E. St Martin's
Peak forest. Derbyshire, meal seller (Lowes and court. St. Martin's lane, shoemaker (Mayhew and
Co., Temple-Lomas J. White horse Ion, Fetter co., Chancery lave-Stansfeld J. Manchester, mer...
lane, lavere keeper, (Mayhew and Co., Chancery chant (Wiglesworth and co., Gray's lon.--Star
lane.
bach R Milton next Gravesend, shoemaker (Sedg.
wick, College hill,
Macleod T. H. Pinner's Hall, Winchester street,
T.
wine merchant (Hose, Halton Garden.-Morgan Taylor W. Junr. Liverpool, merchant (Hurd and
J. M.. G. M.. aud R. Belle Sauvage Yard, Lud. co.. King's Bench walk, Teniple-Thompson E.
Globe stairs, Rother rithe, ship builder (Swain and
Salisbury square.- Mottram C. Pinner's Hall, Win. co., Old Jewry-Towsey J. Junr. Blandford, Dor.
chester street, merchant, (Stratton aud Co., Shore. set, stone mason (Dean, Guildford street-Towsey
ditch Morgan W. and W. Matthews, Newport, J. Juni, and Sarah Lloyd, Blandford, Dorset, dea-
Moninouth, brewers (Platt, New Boswell court, lers (Wilson and co., Lincoln's Ion Fields-Thomp-
Lincolo's lon,-Marchant M Poplar, cow keeper, son J. Hambleton, Lancaster, tanner (Norris, John
(Howell, Symond's Inn.- Matthews E. College Street, Bedford row-Taylor R. Witney, Oxford.
Hill, inerchant (Dawes and Co., Angel court, shire, mealman (Gregory, Muiden lane, Wood st.
Throgmorton street.-Mather J. Manchester, join-
U.
er (Claye and Co., Manchester. Medlain J. Hude Upton G. Queen Street, colour merchant (Lee
dersfield, grocer, (Fisher and Co., llolborn,-Mar- and co., Southwark.
tin W. Leadenhall market, cheesemonger (Russel,
W.
Lant street, Southwark.
Wadley J. Coventry street, Haymarket, cheese
N.
monger (Popkin, Dean Street, Soho-Walker R:
Noble M. Lancaster, Chemist (Alexander and Newcastle upon Tyne, grocer (Atkinson and co.,
Co., New Ion.Naylor M and G. Darlington, Chancery lane-White W. Chalford, Gloucester,
Durham, leather dressers (Dixon Gray's Ind sq. lipen draper (Chilton, Chancery lane-Wardle G.,
Neate W. Sweeting's Alley, Cornhill, silversmith and F. Wardle, Allhallows wharf, Upper Tbarnes
(Rowland and Co., Lincoln's Inn.
Street, oil crushers (Alliston and co., Freeman's
0.
court, Cornhill-Wilbeam J. H. Dock head, recti-
Olver J. and N. G. Ingraham, Junr. Broad-st., fying distiller (Martin and Sou, Vintner's Hall
merchant (Cranch, Union court, Broad street. Wilks R. Chaocery lane, printer (Arundell, Chan-
O'Hara, M. Watford, Herts., inokeeper (Williams, cery larie-Whates R. Wapping street, Anchor
Blackman street, Southwark,
smith (Orme, Stepney church yard-Wilkinson H.
P.
Liverpool, merchant (Taylor and co., Temple
Perkins C. Perkin's Rents, Westminster victu Watkinson W. Strand, shoemaker (Jones, New Inn
aller (Jones, New Ino.--Price D Watford, Heris., -Wright F. Budge row, merchant, (Stratton and
linea draper (Davies and Son, Lothbury.--Pick
s and Son. Lothbury._Pick, co.. Shoreditch-Woods W. Haughton street, Clara
co., Shoredit
man J. Deptford, malster (Parother and Co., Lon Market, coal merchant (Thomas and co., Barnard's
don street-Powell G. Little Trinity lane, Queeg. Ing-Woodhouse J. and M. Miucing lane, West
kitbe, baker (Holmes, Gt. James street, Bedford lædia brokers (Weston and co., Fenchurch suseet."
ane.
.
M.


[ 1821.
[March 1,
DIVIDENDS.
4
1
M
ANSELL J. Carshalton, Surrey, paper.maker,
I Carshalton. Surrey, paper.maker. Hughes W. Manchester, grocer. Feb23_Honya
Feb. 27-Allsop R. Louth, Lincola, draper, March will w, Bath, brandy merchant, Feb. 24-Hangum
13_Alcock E. Atherstone, Warwickshire, hat.ma. E. Threadneedle street, ship and insurance broker.
nufacturer. March 10-Atkins W. sen W. Atkins, Feb. 20--Hagadorn J. P. H. Old Broad street, mer.
jun. and S Atkins, Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, chant, Feb. 23-Hainbridge J. Stow-on-the-Wold.
bankers. March 9-Adair A. Winchester Street, Gloucester, currier, Feb. 28-Hill T. Bradwell
merchant, March 13
Hope, Derbyshire, baker, Feb. 24-Hornsby T.
B
Cornhill, stockbroker, Feb. 23-Heynes S. Chel.
Bart E. J. Backshell. & A. W. Batt, Witney, tenham, wine merchant, March 16-OHI J. Ro-
Oxfordshire, bankers, Feb. 13-Bodill J. Notting. thierbithe, merchant, May 1-Hayes C. & J. Old
ham, and S. R. Bodill, hat-manufacturers, Feb. 18 Jewry, London, March 6-lodson C. &H Cross
Ballmer J. City Chambers, Bishopsgate street, street, Hatton garden, March 9-Heron H. F.
merchaat. Feb. 20-Baruh D. Houndsditch, a po luddersfield, March 3- Hladinghabı M. King ste
thecary. Feb. 27- Bach W. Saffron Walden, Essex, West Smithfield, March 6-lambidge J. Stow-09-
car venter. Feb. 27-Bartells T. Aldersgate street, the Wold, Gloucester, carrier, Marib 5-Holmes
wine merchant. Feb. 27-Barrow J. Kendal, West. S. J. Harris, & J. D. English, Long-acre, coach.
moreland, lipen draper, March 6-Buckland W. makers, Maich G-Hoiden J. Westbromwich, Star
Bayswater, victualler, Feb. 27-Boyes J. jun. ford, black buckle maher, March 1
Wansford, March 2-Bigner G. P. & J. Barker,
Broad street, March 6-Baddeley R. Coveatry, Jones G. Aston, Warwickshire, gun inaker, Feb. 27
grocer. March 10-_ Barker J. & T. IIelinsley, --Jordan J. Houndsditch, March 6-Jounson R.
Blackmoor. Yorkshire, grocer, March 31-Bernard Laue end, Staffordshire, manufacturer, March 22.
J. & C. Manchester, drapers, March 20
K
с
Koe J. H. Millwall, Poplar, Roman cement me
Coles C. & F. Galpin, Fleet Street, stationers, nufacturer, Feb. 20- Kirkbride J. Southwaite,
Feb. 20—Chauner G. Sutton, Middlesex, merchant, Cumberland, catile dealer, March 25
Feb. 20— Cockburn S. High st. Mary.le-Bone, mer.
chant. Feb. 20--Crampton W. Beckinghamn, Not Le Cheminant N. & J. Van der Kerckhove
tinghamshire, horse dealer, March 15-Cox C. London, merchants, Feb. 20- Lancaster J. Bromp-
Portsmouth, painter, Feb. 23--Constant L H. H. ton, merchant, Feb. 16- Lacour D. Brewer street,
G. Wellclose-square, sugar refiner, Feb. 27- Golden Square, goldsmith, Feb. 27-Lloyd W. sen.
Clifford M. & J. Kingston upon Hull, merchants, & W. Lloyd, jun. Lower Thame's street, slopsellers
Feb. 27-Chick R. Molineux street, Bryanstone. March 9.- Lawrence H. Liverpool, merchant,
square, linen draper, Feb. 23.-Collings T. Harvey's. March 18
buildings, Strand, March 2-Cheminant N. Le &
1. V. Kirklove. Fenchurch street, March 6-Collier Machin J. & J. Burton, late of Great Guildford
W. Brixham. March 9-Cooke G. & J. Hilner, Ni street, in the Liberty of the Clink, Surrey, en.
cbolas lane, March 9-Cox J. Liverpool, linen. gineer, Feb. 20-M.Brain R. late of Hen court,
draper, March 11-Chorley J. Liverpool, merchant, Fenchurch street, broker, Feb. 16-M.Kenzie, w.
March 10
St. Paul's, Corent garden, merchant, May 11-
Milne G. Broad strect, merchant, Feb. 20–M.Nair
Dudley R. Dudley, Worcester, thread manufac. A, Quern street, Golden square, bookbinder, Feb,
turer. Feb. 29_Dixon J. Islekirk Hall, Cumber. 30-- Mitchel J. Titchfield, Southamptop, linen.
lad, miller. March 25-Dodds J. Aldersgate str. draper, Feb. 25— Middlehurst J. Liverpool, corn
soldsmith. Feb. 27-Davies J. Wells, Somerset, dealer, Feb. 26-Mackoull J.Worthing, Sussex, sta.
cabinet maker. Feb. 25-Downer H. Bruton street, tiover, Feb. 9-May W. P. Sharp. & J. Wilson.
Bond strect, milliner. Feb. 97-Deal J. T. Shaftes- Liverpool, upholsterers, Feb. 26-Morand S. Broad
bury, Dorsetshire, brewer, Feb 27-Dyson T. Be- street, merchant, Feb. 27-Mavor J. & J. Leaden.
verley, March 6-Davies B. Cardiff, Glamorgan- hall street, March 11--Middlewood J. W. White
shire. March 10-Devereux F. & M. Lambert, chapel, perfumer, March 13-Moses T. Bath, dra
Brabant court, Philpot lane, March 9-Day w, per, March 15
Providence-buildings, New Kent-road, plumber,
March 27-Day J. & J. Spratswell, Tavistock str. Nash R. Kingston-upon-Thames, seed crusher,
Covent garden, drapers, March 9-Dennett H. Feb. 20
Gray's lan-lane, cow keeper, March 13
O
E
Osbourne C. Billiter-square, London, merchant,
Evans G. sep. & G. Evans, jun. High street, March 6--O'Neill e. Liverpool, cooper, Feb. 19-
Southwark, hop merchants, March 9-Edenser W. Ormerod G. Lanchead, Lancaster, innholder, Mar.
Bush.Jane, broker, March 9
1-Oakley G. & J. Evans, Old Bond street, cabinet
F
maker, March 20
Fletcher B. late of Deptford, Kent, linen draper,
P
Feh. I-Franks G. Red Cross street, hatter, Feb 20 Pearson T. Pennybridge, Lancashire, fax-spin.
Porster W. St. Martin's lane, silversmith, Feb. ncr, Feb. 26-Pennell W. Queenhithe, merchant.
97-French N. B. & A. B. & J. Barton, Old South March 6-Phillips T. J. & J. Old City Chambers,
Sea House, merchants, Feb. 16
merchants, Feb. 27- Phillips C. A. & J. Milford,
Pembrokeshire, bankers, Feb. 27-Phillips J. Up
Greaves A. Queen street, Cheapside, merchant, per Eaton street, Pimlico, March 20--Polack B,
Feb. 16-Gregory Z. Aston, near Birmingham, Sheffield, March 22
builder, Feb. 23–Giblett, P. New Bond street, &
R
W. Gibleti, Micklefield.hall, Hertfordshire, butch. Roberts J. Wood street, Spitalfields, silk-mang-
3, Feb.
. lurer, Feb. 8- Rowlatt J. Charter-bouse-square,
D
N
G


1819.)
183
Digest of Political Events.
nerehant, Feb. 20_Randall R. Coleman street, son * T. Thompson, jun. Nether Compton, Dorset,
Blackwell-ball factors, Feb. 23-Rogers S. Chep- flax spinners, Feb. 22-Taylor G. Bishopwear.
stov. Monmouth. stationer, March 13-Roxburgh mooth, Durbam, coal-fitter, Feb. 27-Thornbury N.
1. Liverpool. March 3- Roach W. Bristol, March 2 & C, Taylor, Bourne, Gloucesterstrire, March 5
Renton M. Coventry street, St. Martin's in the. -Tugwell G. Tenterden, Kent, March 6-Throck.
Fields, March 6-Read E. & T. Baker, Great Rus morton J. F. Guildford st. Pimlico, Middlesex,
sel street. Bloomsbury, linen drapers, March 13- Marcb 6
Rennett J. Manchester, woollen cord manufac.
U
turer, March 12—Roberts J. Wood st. Spital-fields, Union 8. Disley, Cheshire, Mareh 6
Feb. 16.
8
V
Smith W. Oxford Street, ironmonger, Jan. 30— Vevers J. Churwell, Yorkshire, cloth merchant,
Sanders . Fleet Street, wholesale perfumer, Feb. Feb. 27
13-Sisley T. Isle of Thanet, Kent, merchant, Feb.
W
20-Sparkes J & A, Coles, Portland street, St. Wight J. Birmingham, inkstand manufacturer,
Mary je-Bone. coach makers, Feb. 16-Smart J. Feb. 22-Watson M. A. Fareham, Southampton.
Kingsgate street, Holborn, ironmonger, Feb. 20 mercer, Feb. 25—Walmsley J. Salford, Lanca.
Shape J. C. Fleet street, boot and shoe maker, shire, cotton twist dealer, March 6_Whitfield J.
Teh 00_Swain R. & W. llerbert, Wood street, & J. Morpeth, Northumberland, innkeepers. March
Cheapside. silk manufacturers, March 2-Swain. 4-Wickman C. & B. Beckwith, Newcastle-upon-
son J. Manor row, East Smithfield, March 2- Tyne, merchants, March 10-Waghorp. T. Chat.
Stonehan 1. Beckford row, Walworth, cheese bam, butcher, Feb. 27- Watts W. Lower Mordon.
monger. March 16-Spitta Molting & Co. Lawrence Surrey, farmer, Feb. 16-West R. E. St. Margaret's
Poontpey lane, merchants, March 13-Sundices bill, Southwark, hop merchant, March g-Wadde
ro sanare mercbant, March 13-Sinita son S. W. Dover street, March 2-Westherley J.
6. Tansley, Derbyshire, March 13
& N. Alnwick, March 8-Waters F. T. Old South
T
Sea House, March 6--Wilson S. Liverpool, Mar.
Taopenden J. late of Faversham, Keut, ironmas. Williams J. Lower Coleman st. Bunbill-row. paner
fer. 3. Tappenden. late of North Court, Stour stainer, March 9-Winnerton T. Coventry, ribbon.
mouth, ironmaster; and F. Tappenden, late of the manufacturer, March 10-West T. Gracechurch s.
Aberpant Iron-works, Aberdare, Glamorganshire, perfumer, March 27-Ward J. Sculcoates. mer.
Ironmaster, Feb. 11-Thompson T. sen. E. Thomp- chant, May 2.
DIGEST OF POLITICAL EVENTS.
GREAT BRITAIN.
tim of a coalition of tyrants. In accom-
THE factious and the discontented are plishing this purpose the writer has been
again actively engaged in endeavouring to compelled to vilify and degrade his own
force one of their party upon the people of country and government, and to abuse that
Westminster, as their representative; but of the Bourbons in France.
we have too high an opinion of the good Among the political topics that present
sense of the great body of electors, to themselves for observation at home during
suppose, for a moment, they can be brought the past month, the improvement in our
to lend themselves to so humiliating a mea- finance is one of the highest importance
sure. The proceedings at the Westminster and exhibits a most satisfactory view of tha
Election afford a singular spectacle of the country.
sudden vicissitudes of the popular mind; On the 3rd Mr. Tierney brought forward
and we hope will be a salntary example to his long promised motion on the Bank Re-
all future leaders, how they presume too striction Bill, which underwent the most
much upon the constancy of popular fa- ample investigation.
vour. Perhaps no one has been a more The balloting for the committee of se.
general favourite wit3 the people of West- crecy to inquire into the state of the Bank
minster, for several years past, than Sir took place on the 4th; and we appeal to the
Francis Burdett: but the present will suf- list, as delivered in by the scrutineers, as a
ficiently show that when he associates him- proof of the sincerity and candour with
self with men and principles as little to his which ministers wish to proceed to the en-
interest as to his honour, that the good opi- quiry.
nion entertained of him by his supporters A message from his Royal Highness the
fails. This is not the day for open and avowed Prince Regent was taken into consideration
jacobinism.-The memory of it is too recent on the 5th, by which it was clearly esta.
to excite any feeling but abhorrence. And blished that his Royal Highness possessed
still less is this the day when the worthy by law the right of appropriating the 58,0001.
inhabitants of London and Westminster lapsed, by the death of the Queen, to the
will be persuaded to reject all religious be- general purposes of the civil list. The sur-
lief, as an imposition upon the understand. rendering it, therefore, to the disposal of
ing and liberty of will. The political cha. parliament was only another proof on the
racter of the man whom Sir Francis has part of his Royal Highness's advisers of
thought proper to patronize, cannot be mis- their disposition to adopt on every occasion
taken, because he has himself made it pob- real and practicable economy.
lic in a work of two octavo volumes. The The report of the committee appointed
object of this book is to hold forth Buona- to consider the proposed reduction in the
parte as the hero of his age, and as the vic. Windsor establishment has been brought


384
Digest of Political Events.
[March 1,
into the House ; it is brief, and much to the the public funds, called rales reales, which
purpose, and is calculated to give general inspires the most pleasing hope. Prepara-
satisfaction.
tions are continued for the expedition
With respect to the pensions to be paid against Buenos Ayres with great avidity.
to the servants of her late Majesty, his From all parts bodies of troops are march-
Royal Highness was prevented from award- ing towards Cadiz, to join the army which
ing them out of the 58,000). in consequence is to embark there. The King has received
of the limitation of the pension list as now the most affectionate manifestations of love
fixed by law at 90,0001.
and condolence from all his subjects on ac-
15 On the 9th the committee of finance was count of the melancholy and unexpected
appointed, in proposing of which Lord death of the Queen.
Castlereagh took an extensive view of the
EAST INDIES.
increasing state of the revenue, which, from The Provinces of Coimbetore, Trin-
The documents he read in the course of a chinopoly, Tanjore, and Guptoor, have
long and luminous speech, he clearly prov. been visited with a severe S.W, monsoon,
ed to be the case.
which has been very destructive. The
. Only one motion of any importance was rivers of Cauvery and Coleroon have
brought forward on the 10th which was by overflowed their banks in several places,
Mr. Serjeant Onslow, for repealing the and much damage has been done by the
usury laws. It is a question of vast magni inundation.
tude, and to be determined, not so much
AMERICA.
upon any abstract principles of fitness, as in The discussions in Congress are chiefly
reference to the actual condition and prac on the conduct of General Jackson in the
tice of society.
Seminole war, and on the affairs of the
On the 13th Lord Castlereagh laid upon United States bank. A motion was made
the table of the House of Commons, the respecting the latter, which went to the for-
supplementary arrangements entered into feiture of its charter, but was lost by a mat
with France for the stipulations of the jority of eighteen. The debates on the for-
claims of the allied powers. This change mer subject seem likely to be protracted.
from what was settled at Aix-la-Chapelle, The motion before the House went decidedly
took place on the 12th Dec. at Paris, being to the condemnation of the conduct of Gen.
an agreement entered into by the ministers, Jackson, and the opinion was that he wauld
without any formal instructions from their be brought to trial. The funds continue
megpective sovereigns. It has since received to decline. Bank Stock has again fallen
the necessary sanction, as set forth in a pro- 7 or 8 per cent. The papers contain the
tocol dated Paris, the 2nd of this month. official publication of a treaty of commerce
A series of highly interesting and no less between Sweden and the United States."
important documents connected with the The differences between Spain and the
efforts of this country to procure the univer- United States are at length adjusted. In
sal abolition of the slave trade were laid the first article it is mentioned that the
upon the table of the House of Commons United States deeply regret the violation of
on the 16th. They are too voluminous to the Spanish territory by the American forces
admit of any thing like a satisfactory under General Jackson, and that it was
analysis.
without the authority of the government.
FRANCE
The second refers to the cession of the Flo.
• The sittings of the Chamber of Deputies ridas to the United States. The third and
are not frequent, but the committees and fourth articles give a brief outline of the
bureaux have a great deal of business be limits as to territory. The fifth and sixth
fore them. The discussions at these private regulate the navigation of the two countries,
meetings are much more animated than The last article states that the cession of the
those which take place in public, because Floridas shall be considered in full payment
zeal is there unrestrained and not subject to for all claims of America upon Spain. .
the observation of strangers. Considerable.
SOUTH AMERICA.
financial regulations have been entered An American, of Monte Video, of emi-
into, and the funds continue steadily to ad- nence, it is stated, has transmitted to the
vance. The pecuniary indemnity by France United States the unexpected intelligence
to the allied powers being agreed on, some that the government of Buenos Ayres, in
thing may be drawn from it which may
conjunction with Chili, have resolved on
help to fix the extent of loss or gain which sending an offer to a European foreigner,
the holders of that stock may expect. of the crown of South America. The envoy
His Majesty has experienced a severe was to proceed to France. An expedition,
attack of the gout, and is confined to his consisting of 3.000 men, h:
consisting of 3,000 men, has been dispatch-
room.
ed to Santa Fé; and a large expedition
, SPAIN.
against Lima is preparing at Valparaiso.
Tranquillity is completely restored at A Spanish vessel of 50 guns, La Reyna Ma-
Madrid, and confidence gains ground. The ria Isabel, has been captured by the Insur-
treasury have begun to pay the interest upon gent ships San Martin and Santaro.


1819.)
[ 135 )
INCIDENTS, PROMOTIONS, BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, DEATHS, &e. IN
LONDON AND MIDDLESEX;
ITith Biographical Accounts of Distinguished Charucters.
BULLETIN OF THE KING'S HEALTH. the rectory of Theberton, Suffolk.--Rev. J.
Windsor Castle, Feb. 6, 1819. White, to the rectories of Hargrave and
“ His Majesty has enjoyed an uninter Chevington, Suffolk. - Rev. C. Words-
rupted tate of good bodily health, and has worth, to be Chapiain to the House of Com-
been very tranquil during the last month, mons.-Rev. P. Roberts, to the rectory of
but his disorder remains unchanged." Halton, near Ilolywell.
(Signed as usual.)
Births.) In Upper Seymour street, the
We have aguhority to state, that the re- Lady of the Hon. W. Frazer, of a daugh-
cent reports respecting our venerable Sove- ter. The lady of S. Sanders, esq. of Old
reign, the accident that had happened to Palace Yard, of a daughter.--At Hammer-
bips in walking through his apartments, and smith, the lady of J. Stevenson, esq. of a
the change of diet judged necessary in con- daughter.-In Tavistock square, the lady of
sequence of that event, are wholly unfound. Gurney Barclay, esy. of a son and heir.-
ed. His Majesty enjoys as good health as The lady of J. G. Crickett, esq. of Doctor's
he has possessed for a long period, and is Commons, of a danglater.--At Lady Ver-
as tranquil in mind As to the reported non's, Park place, the Hon Mrs llarbard,
accident, it could not possibly have happened, of a daughter.-At Park Place, the lady of
because his Majesty never walks alone, but W'. Tucker esq. of a son.-In Upper Char-
has a careful conductor, who accom; anies loite street, Fitzroy square, the lady of A.
him on all occasions. It is supposed, that Trever, esg. of a son.-At Kensington, the
the reports in question had their origin in lady of Peter Ciement Casalet, esg. of a
the artifices of Party, in order to excite an daughter. In Bedford row, the lady of Ni-
alarm among the members of the new par- cholas Mill, esq. of a daughter. In New
liament, and to induce them to apprehend Ormond street, ihe lady of a Lynch. esg. of
that melancholy event was likely to happen, a son.-In Broad street buildings, the lady
which would give occasion to a new election. of J. Harvey esq. of a son.-The lady of
But we again aflirm, from authority, that Capt. Lysaght R. N.ofa son.--In Portland
there is not the least foundation for the re- Place, the lady of J. Quicke, esq. of a son.
port in question.
- In Rivers street, the lady of Capt. Paget,
Ecclesiastical Preferment3. - Rev C. R. N. of a danghter.-At Lyde flouse,
Boothby, B. A. to the vicarage of Sutter. Sion Hill, the lady of the Rev. J. Iales of a
ton, Lincoloshire.- Rev. J. Cubitt, to the son. In Camden place, the lady of E. Neil-
rectory of Hinderclay, Suffolk.- Rev. J. son, sq. of a daughter.-In Queen's square,
Cumming, to the rectory Runcton, Nor- the larls of A. Weston, esq. of a son.-In
folk.--Rev. C. H. Collyns, to the head Brunsrick square, the lady of J. Kinloch,
mastership of the Exeter free grammar 6:13. of a son.-In Grosvenor place, the lady
school. Rev. J. T. Casberd, L. L. D to a 0! the Rev. G. Porcher of a daughter.--la
Prebendal Stall in the cathedral church of Devonshire Place, the Lady of Major Ger..
Llandafl.- Rev. J. Commeline, A. M. to Sir W. Anson, K.C. B. of a son.
the vicarage of Norton St. Phillips.-Rev. Married.] Capt. Marryatt, R. N., to Ca-
T. Calvert, B. D. St. John's College, Cam- therine, youngest daughter of Sir Stephea
bridge, to be Lady Margaret's preacher.- Sharpe, of Russel Place, Fitzroy Square.-
Rev. R. Newton Adams, 10 the mathemati. Capt. J. R. Rotton, to Fanny, youngest
cal mastersbip of Christ's Hospital.-Rev. daughter of J. Bannister, esq. of Gower St.
J. C. Driffield, A. B. to the vicarage of -At St. George's Hanover Square, Lieut.
Tolleshunt D'Arcy, Essex.-Rev. J. Grif- Col. Eustace, C. B. of the guards, to Caro.
fith, B. D. to the vicarage of Lakenheath, line Margaret, daughter of J. King, esq.
Suffolk.--Rey. J. H. Hames, to the rectory comptroller of the Army accounts.--Right
of Chagford, Devon.- Rev. J. Jones to the Hon. Viscount Anson, to Lonisa Catherine,
rectory of Edern, Caernarvonshire.-Rev. youngest daughter of the late Nathanici
J. Maddy, D. D. to the rectory of Hertest, Phillips, esc. of Slebeck Hall, Pembroke.
cum Boxted, Suffolk.--Rev. R. Miller, to Robt. Ritchie es4. of Greenwich, to Char-
the vicarage of Dedham, Essex.-Rev. W. lotte, daughter of Major Benvell.Ai Ken-
Palmer, to the Prebendal Stall of Welton sington, Frederic Hogarth, esq. to Julia
Painshall, in the cathedral church of Lin Eliza, widow of Lieut. Warde. --G. E. H.
coln.-Rev. H. Rolls, M. A. to hold by dis- M. Soloman, esq. Mansel street, to Priscilla,
pensation, the rectory of Burnwell, All third daughter of the late S. Lucas, esq.-
Saints, Northamptonshire.--Rev. C. Shrubb, G. E. Morton, esq. to Anne, second daugh-
to the vicarage of Boldre, with the chapels ter of E. Heseltine, esq.--E. P. Fordham,
of Lymington and Brokenhurst, Hants.- esq. of North Audley Street, to Miss King.
Rev. C. B. Sweet, to the rectory of Arling- At St. Pancras, Sir J. Maclean, to Miss
mon, Devon.-Rev. N. Struth, to the rectory Price, of Highgate.--At St. Stephen's Cole-
of St. Peter, Bristol. Rev. T. Strong, to man street, W. Voase, Esq. to Miss Hare-
New MONTILY MAG-No. 62.
VOL. XI. 2 B


186
[March 1,
Deaths in London and Middleser.
wood. - At St. Anne's, Westminster, J. however, addressed « to the Loyal, the Be-
Hunter, esq. to Miss Haslam.
nevolent, and the Humane,” has been circu-
Died.] In Park street, Amelia Harriet, Jated in their behalf, amongst such of the
youngest daughter of P. Auriel, esq. 14.-- pobility, members of Parliament, and others,
In Gloucester place, Portman square, Mar as are presumed to have known something
tha Maria, widow of the late G. F. Cherry, of the deceased, or of his numerous writings;
esq.-In Bridge street, Westminster, Geo. and, as a subscription has been opened, we
Augustus Frederick, third son of Sir Robert hope and trust, that such a fund will be
Barclay.-In George street, New road, Wat- created as may enable Mrs. Blagdon to com-
kin Morgan, esq.--In Doctors' Commons, plete the education of her children.*_We
S. Pierce Parson, esq. LL.D. 55.-In York are promised, for our ensuing number, a
place, Portman square, Mrs. Kyd, the wife biographical memoir of the deceased, from
of General K.-Mrs. Hanwell, ine lady of the pen of one of his literary friends.
Capt. H.-At Twickenham Lodge, Frances
EARL OF ERROL.
Moore, relict of the late A. M. esq. 87.-
Sir H. Tempest, bart.-In Wimpole street, At Rosiere, near Lyndhurst, Hampshire,
Jane, eldest daughter of the late R. Arbuth- on Tuesday the 26th ult. after a few days?
not, esq.-In Bartlett's buildings, J. Sawillness, the Right Hon. WILLIAN, EARL OF
kins, esq. 65.--At her house, in Charlotte ERROL, lord high constable and knight mar-
street, Fitzroy square, Elizabeth, relict of shal of Scotland, one of the sixteen repre-
the late R. Longden, esq.--At her residence sentative peers of Scotland, and his Majesty's
in Hill street, Berkley square, the Countess lord high commissioner to the General As-
Dowager of Seftor, 71.- In the New rood, sembly of the Church of Scotland. His
J. Heys, esq. barrister of Lincoln's Inn.- lordship was the chief of the ancient name
In Bolton street, R. Burrowes, esq.--At and family of Hay, and also the lineal repre-
Chite's Hill, Jarnes Clark, esq-In Cleve sentative of the Earls of Linlithgow, Calen-
land row, Major-Gen. Wilson.-In Ilatton dar, and Kilmarnock. He was the second
Garden, James Clark, M. D. F. A.S. 52.-- son of James, Earl of Errol, by Miss Carr,
The Rev. W. Morrice, rector of Allhallows, daughter of Sir William Carr, of Etal, bart.
Bread street, 88__At Kensington, E. Breton, was born in 1772, and succeeded his brother
esq,-Miss Lewis, daughter of Sir W. L. George in 1798. He married, Ist, Jane,
At his father's house, N. P. eldest son of N, daughter of Matthew Bell, esq. by whom he
Gostlipg, esg. 30,-Miss Auriol, daughter of had Lady Dulsibella Jane; 2d, Alicia,
P. A. esq. of Park street, Park lane - In daughter of Samuel Elliot, esq. by whom he
Tavistock place, W. Crouch, esq.
has William, now Earl of Errol, an officer
SUDDEN DEATH OF THE EARL
in the army, about 19 years of age, two
other sons and three daughters; and 3d,
PAULET.
Harriet,sister to Lord Somerville, now living,
His Lord-liip, we regret to state, died at by whom he has a son and daughter.
Hinton St. George, in Somersetshire, on James, Lord Hay, his eldest son by the
Thursday,thei4th ult. The noble lord,on the second marriage, was an officer in the foot
preceding evening, had directed the horses guards, and aide-de-camp to General Mail.
to be put to the post chariot early in the next land: he was killed almost the first shot that
day. At 5 o'clock in the morning, the was fired, on the 17th of June, 1813, the
Countess was alarmed by the sudden indis- day preceding the great and important battle
position of the Earl; he was seized with an of Waterloo. Lord Errol, during the course
apoplectic fit, and never spoke afterwards of the last war, served for several years as
liis lordship lingered until eleven at night, lieutenant-colonel of the Aberdeenshire mi-
when he expired, in the 630 year of his age. litia. He is universally lamented by his
Captain and Mrs. Paulet and Lady Barnard family and an extensive circle of friends and
were present at the trying scene. An ex- relatives.
press was sent off for Lady Mary Paulet, --
who was then in attendance at Windsor. * Contributions are received by Mr. Col-
Unfortunately, Lord Hinton is absent, mak- burn, Public Library, Conduit street, Ha-
ing the grand tour.
nover square; N. Byrne, esq. Morning
. Post Office; J. Taylor, esq. Sun Office,
FRANCIS WILLIAM BLAGDON, ESQ:
RO 112, Strand; at the Courier Oflice, 348,
At his house, in Smith square, Westinin- Strand; S. Cock, esq. 2, Frederick place,
ster, on the 21th of December, 1818, FRAN- Old Jewry; Mr. M.Milian, 6, Bow street,
cis WuLIAM BLAGDON, Esq.- With re- Covent Garden ; Mr. Purvis, l, Finch lane,
gret we learn, that this indefatigable labourer Cornhill; the banking houses of Messrs.
in the field of literature and politics, a ge- Birch and Chambers, 160, New Bond street;
nuine friend of loyalty, an ardent and zea- Messrs. Hoare, Barnard, and Co. 62, Lom-
lous supporter of the British constitution, bard street; Messrs. Crickett, Bacon, and
has I tt'a widow, with a young family, en- Co. Ipswich, Suffolk; and Mr. Harral,
tirely destitute. An affecting “ Appeal,” Park Cottage, Ipswich.


1819.)
( 187 )
PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES
IN THE COUNTIES OF ENGLAND, ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY.
BEDFORDSHIRE.
the lady of Capt. Bone, of a daughter--Al Hase,
The Magistrates at the late Bedford Sessions
near Callington, Mrs. John Peter, of a son-AL
came to the following resolutions :-" That the Wadebridge, the lady of R. M. Welton, esq. of a
system of roundsmen, or paying labourers a cer daughter-At Liskeard, Mrs. Chapman, of a daugh.
tam porrion of their labour out of the poor-rates, ter--At Redrutis, M:s. J. Pinrose, of a daughter.
which had too long prevailed in this county, is Married.) T. J. Phillips, esq. of Newport
destructive of the inoral energies of the labourer, Hlouse, to Carolipe, second daughter of P. P.
n equally injurious to the interest of the farmer, Treby, esg. Aaron Scobell, esq. of Penzance. to
who has a right to expect a fair and adequate por
Mary, sister of R. Vyvvan, of Trewan-At Probus,
tion of labour from the hands employed on his Mr. Z. Roberts, to Miss Julia Roberts-Lieut. Tilly,
farm; that, in order to discourage this pernicious to Miss S. Bannick, of Penryn-At Penryn, Capt.
practice, we recommend to the several inagistrates Gosshard, to Miss E. Robart-Al Lelan:. Mr.J.
in this county, within their respective divisions, Stephens, to M SA. Stepizens-At Branwell, Lieu,
not to allow in future any suins which shall, alter A. Rose, R. N. to Miss Lydia Borlase.
the Ist day of February, be so paid out of the Diec.1 At Penzance, Edwin, youngest 300 of
poor rates in the overseer's accounts."
P Price, eq. of Neuth Abbey--At Landrake, oni.
Died.1 At Dunstable, Mrs. E. Willoughby-At PO'DohertyAc Tinio. Mr. W. Wille 62_AR
Bedford, the Rev. T. Cave_The Rev. D. Lewis,
Nelston, Mr. R. Kempthorne, brother of Admiral
vicar of Kimboltou, and rector of Wrestling worth, K. 52-At Liskeard, Mrs. S. Lower, 74.
09-At Bedford, Mr. Woodrofie, sen.
CHESHIRE
BERKSHIRE.
Tlie repairs of our venerable cathedral will com.
We have pleasure in noticing the general good
mencet.ie beginning of this roonth (March); and it
likely to be derired by the public from the uri. is expected that the nave will be completed in
versal success the Sarings Banks have met withi.
time for the projected Festival of Music in Septem-
The trusters of the llungertord Siuvings Bank met bas next.-We have authority to state, that no
at the Town Hall to settle the first year's account, Jithculty will be thrown in the way of a Music
and notwithstanding that Newbury and Maribo. Meeting by any of the members of th: Capitular
rough are so near, in both of which are Savings Body. The Bishop, we know, is very friendly to
Banks, the deposits at Hungerford exceeded
the measure, because it is likely to forward
6,6001, the first year; a sum almost incredible,
what he has always in view--the benefit of the city
and the greater part of it by persons of that rank in
at large, and the charities in particular. In order,
life which the Savings Bawks were intended to ac.
however, to ensure complete success to the festival,
commodate.
it must be patronised without any the least re-
Dicd.1 At Abingdon, Mrs. Budworth, 76-dt
spect to party, and on such an occasion we are
Doonington, Catherine, the lady of G. Monkland,
convinced that the good sense of the city will easily
esq.-At Reading. Mr. Richard Stone--At Read.
dispense with it.--Chester Chronicle.
ing, Mr. Spencer-At Mortimer, Mr. A. Gould-
The Earl Grosvenor is employing a number of
Rev. D. Davies---At Thutchain, M s. Barhuld, 16.
labourey's, in forming a new road to his magnif.
CAMBRIDGE.
cent mansion, near this city. It branches from the
Birlhs.] The lady of J. Ward, esq. of Abingdon Eccleston road, near the house of Mr. Bozley,
Park, of a son.
and will forin a circle round Eccleston Hillaf.
Married.) The Rev. J Ilo'ınes, Fellow of fording a truly picturesque drive
Queen's College, to Miss Gorham, of Si. Neots-At Married.) At Bowdon, Mr. T. II alliwell, to
Cambridge, Mr. J. Furbank, to Miss Wentworth Miss Clarke-Mr. James Green, of Marton, to
At West Wickliam, the Rev. C. Lawson, to Miss Mrs. Farrow-At Chester, Mr. Brown, to Miss
Clover-- The Res. W. Bolland, to Sarah, daughter Hall.
of the late S. Pritchard, esq. of Belmont llouse, Died. At Runcorn, K. Janiers, esq.-At Win-
Shrewsbury.
ning on Lodge, P. Wettephall, eso.-G. Parker,
Died.) The Rev.J. Shepard, vicar of Waltering. esq. of Newton Hall, 85- Mrs. Cheney, 64-At
ham, and Deputy-chancellor and Surrogate to the Cliester, Mr. W. Davies, 80-At Frodsham, Mr.
diocese of Ely-Mrs. Hignel, of Cambridge. 30- Francis Ashley, solicitor, 67--At Chester, Vr.
Mr.:J. Norris, of St. John's, Cambridge, 76-F. B. Bagley--At Chester, Emma, second daughter of
Longe, e q. of Trinity College--E. Parry, esq. J. B. Watson, esq.
Fellow Commoner of St. John's College-At Cam.
CUMBERLAND.
bridge, Frederick, third son of Sir G. G. Williams,
Births.] At Clifton, the lady of Lieut.-Colonel
bart.
Mausel, C. B. of a daughter- At Carlisle, the lady
CORNWALL.
of J. Dixon, esq of a daughter.
The Prince Regent, as Duke of Cornwall and Married.) At Carlisle, J. Rawes, esq. to Miss
Lord of the Forest of Darunoor, has offered a pre S. Michell-At Carlisle, Mr. T. Whitfield, to
mium of 501. to the cultivator of the greatest num. Mrs. Tweddle-At the same place, Mr. W. Mills,
bei of acres in flax within the year 1819. We liave to Miss J. M'Laucglilin-At Whitehaven, Mr. T.
already noticed that Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt, of Torr Dixon, to Miss Grainger-At Carlisle, T. Williams,
Royal, received at the late meeting of the Bath esq. to Miss Mary Powell.
and West of England Agricultural Society the Died At Buttermerc; Mrs. Dover, daughter of
Bedfordean silver medal for the growth of this the late W. Willes, esq. 30-Ar Carlisle, Mng. Jane
national product.-Cornwall Gazette.
Grainger-At Penrith, Mr. Hudson-At Becker-
Births. Near Fowey, Mrs. Clims, lady of mount, Mrs. Anne Cooke. 89—At Peorith, Mrs. E.
Capt. J. C. of twin daughters--At Marazion, Mrs. Preston, 68-At Kendal, Geo. Wilson, 60--At
Edmonds, of a daughter-The lady of J. T. Cory. Throelsley, Mr. Penman, 100- At Carlisle, J. Besk,
ton, esq. of Pentillie Castle, of a son-At Fowey, esq. 45--At Whitehaven, W. Gordow, 84


1813
Derby --Devon--Durham -- Dorset-Essex-Gloucester. (March 1,
DERBYSHIRE.
Died.) At Weymouth, Mrs. Butcher-At Mil.
Died.-On the 6th ult. Sir Henig Crewe, bart. borde St. Andrews, Mrs Hatchard, 63-At Corsley,
of Calke Abbey, while driving a pair of young full Mr. W. Diedge, 61.
blood houses, from Arkley House, Mary le-bone,
ESSEX.
in carriage constructed like a break, near the Births. At Chelmsford, the lady of the Rev.
gates of his residence, Braham House, on the St. J. G. Ward, of a sob-AL Jericho House, Black.
Album's road, the horses became in a sligbt degree more, the lady of R. Preston, ese, of a daughter ;
i estive, and the wheel coming in contact with the the lady of W. W. Suard, csq. of a daughter-At
posts at the gateway of a cottage, near the house, Dedham, the lady of W. Webb, csg. of a daughter.
the carriage received a concussion, which threw
Married.] At Wanstead, J. Browning, esq. of
Sir Henry with great force from his seat. He fell
Sutton Benger, Wilts, to Miss Jones, of Wanstead
on his head, which occasioned instantaneous death.
House-At Colchester, Mt. S. Wickew, of Jot.
Lady Crewe, and some of his children, were at that
man's Hall, to Miss Anne Waites-Geo. Rogers,
moment arrived from town to dinoer. One of his
of Manningtree, to Miss Roebuck.
song was with him on the box whien the misfortune
occurred. The feelings of his distracted lady and Died) A short time since, in the 85th year of
fumus on this unhappy occasion may be better con- his age, Mr. Hurtali, farmer and malister, of Up.
ceived than described. He is succeeded in his per Yeldham Hall. He ordered in his will that
title and estates by his eldest son, now Sir George his body should be buried in one of his woodsbe
Crewe, bart. Mrs. Leadbeater, of Derby. 91-At covered with one of the hair cloths be used to dry
Starely Ilall, Dear Chesterfield, the Rev. F.Dixon, his malt on, and that six bedgers and ditchers
LL.D. 75.
should carry his corpse, six others be pall-bearers,
DEVONSHIRE.
and six more to follow as mourners, all with their
A violcnt gale of wind, approaching to the na bills and bedgiog gloves; and likewise ordered a
ture of a tornado, was experienced at Plymouth hogshead of beer to be drank, and tread and cheese
on Monday and Tuesday night last, accompanied
to be distributed, and each of the bearers, mouro-
by hail, which proved vers destructive to the glass ers, and tirose who carried the corpse, to receive a
of several mansions and green houses in the neigh pound note, which reqnesi was literally complied
bourhood Some of the hailstones measured two wi:h-At Billericay. Mis. S. Wingfield. 81-At
and a half inches in circumference. On the former Colchester, Mr. S. Moore, 75--Mr. G. Walker. 69
night various chimnies were blown down, and roofs --Mr. J. Brown, 18--At Great Leigly, the Rev.
partly uncovered, in Stonehouse; but the greates: E. Parkinson-Mrs. Anne Laugton, 79-At Latton
datrage was to the Long-room in the same place, Mill, Mr. D. Reddington --At Moulsham. R. Mar.
where, by the fall of a stack of chimuics through tin.esq.--As Springfield, Mr. J. Kright-At Bump-
the roof into the officers' mess room, which they stead Holions, Mr. W. Sandle, 61-AL Bockine.
had not long quitted, the dining table was crushed Mrs. Carter, relict af Martin Carter, esq.-J. Ba.
to pieces. In one remarkable case, the slates of a con, of Ardleigl, brick-maker, 86, leaving seven
roof were completely reversed The storm was children, three sons and four daughters. 40 orand.
rendered more awful by thunder and lightning. children, and 37 great grand children, making 100!
Births.) At Exeter, the lads of the Hon. C. - Al Chelmsford, Mr. A. Saps orth-At Chelms.
Langdale, of a daughter.
ford, the Rev. E. Parkinson-At Ingatestone G.
Married. At Plympton, T. J. Phillips, esq. to Godwin, 11.
Miss Caroline Treby --At Dartmouth, G. Bannill,
GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
esu to Miss Walters-W. J. Hawke, esq. of Bide. The slopkeepers and the town of Cheltenham
ford. to Miss Bent, of Jacobstow-Edward Kelly, in general were put into no small consternation
esg. of Killey, to Saran, eidest daughter of the late lately from the sudden cxtinction of the gas
W. Braddon, esq. of Skisdon Lodge. D. Synes,
lights, through the neglect of one of the men of
Esg. of Teignineuth, to Miss A. Pidsley-lieut. the works. The consequence was that they were
Southey, R.N. to Miss Parsons, ot Plymouth Dock.
enveloped in darkness for half an hour!
enerloped in dan
Diod.) B. Meanby, esq. of Topham, 65-Rev.
Births. Al Eastington House, the lady of J.
W. Toms, A.B. of Southmolton--Rev. 11. Mends,
P. Hicks, esq. of a daughter-The lady of the
of Exeter-At Findge House, Mis. Ci.D--At
Rev. R. Cooper, of Matson, of a daughter-At
Cormbe, A. Elliott, esg.-Al Teignmouth, John,
Clifton, the lady of Lieut. Col. Mansel, of a daugh.
youngest son of T Daniel, esq. At Teignmouth,
ter-Al Cheltenham, Mrs. R. Thornton, of her
Charlotte, second daughter of J. Tayleur, esq. of
20th child.
Bubtingsdale, Shropsbire-At Holway Cottage,
Mrs. E. A. Gibbons, the lady of Lieut. Gibbons of Married.) At Minchinghampton, J Sinart, esq.
65th regt. 19.
to Miss C. Davies-R. J. D. Cummins, esq. to
DURHAM.
Anna, relict of S. P Ward, esq.- Lieut. Col.
Births
t Durham, the wife of Mr. Wether. Tryon, to Mary Anne, eldest daughter of Mrs.
hall.
Sheridan-At Cheltenham, the Rev. J. Davies, to
Died.1 At Sunderland, Miss Carr-At Durham. E. J. eldest daughter of Col. Cox-At Bristol. ).
M. Dent. 45. At the same place. Mrs. Tilley. Jarvis, to Miss Holloway-At Clifton. M.J Mires.
91-At Crock, near Durham, Mr. T. Linton,
to Miss Fanny Godtiey, of the Old Park.
DORSETSHIRE.
Died.) C. Evans, esp. of High Grore, one or
Births.] At Weymouth, the lady of the Rer. the members of the corporation of Gloucester-
Dr. Cracknell, of a daughter.
Al Overbury, near Tewkesbury, J. Nind, esy. 81-
Married.) At Mapperton, the Rev. II. Fox, to w. Ilolder, esg. of Taynton, 69- Ai Cheltenham,
Margaret, eldest daughter of the late Col. Ed. Mrs. Dunscombe, widow of the Rev. S. Luns.
wards- At Beaminster, J. Bishop, esq. of Stone. combe, 86--At Tewkesbury, Charlotte, youngest
combe, to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Mr. Da daughter of the Rev. T. Honiatt, 21-In Park-st.
piel-At Wbitreld Cottage, near Dorchester, Mr. Bristol, Mrs. Earle--At Cheltenham, Mary Anne,
J. Beasant, ordnance storekeeper, 34-At Charbo. wite of T. Newte, esq.-The Rev, R. Wynneate,
rough Park, R E. Dax. M.P. and justice of the 81--At Stonehouse Court, Louisa, wife of R. S.
peace for the county of Dorset.
Daries, esq.-Ai Clifton, W. Ling esq. 73.


1819.) Hamps. Hereford.—Ilerts.-- Kent - Lincolns.-Luncas. &c. 1EO
HAMPSHIRE.
Canterbury, 8-At Westwell, J. Miller, 66-At
The Portsmouth paper says: -- An experi Cauterbury, W. Jones, 41-At Margate, J. Pope-
mput has been tried in this dock yard, to ascertain At Chatham, Mrs. W. Mauclark-J. Brown, guo
if a grass, the cominon produce of New Zealand,
ner of Dover Castle, 71-At Bidiendro, J. Wither,
and which may be cut down three times a year, is
a year. is den, 78--At llarbledowa, Mrs. Fox, 94-At Sea-
applicable to makiog large and small ropes. A fa.
field, Mrs. E Lett 100; out of 56 children and
vorable report we understand is made of it. The
grand-children, the deceased was preseut at the
article is strong and pliable and very silky in its births of 401-At Sandwich, Mrs. Dawson of a fe.
nature. It can be brought into this country at
ver-- At Dover, Mr. Ward-At Maidstope, Mr.
less than 8l. per ton; one seventh of the cost of Swain. 29-At Chart Sutton, Mr. W. Shirley.
bemp.
LANCASHIRE.
Married.) At Newton Vallence, J. Field, esq. A journeyrnan stone mason of Liverpool has
of Stockwell Coinmou, Surrey, to Anne, Jaughter brought writs of right for the recovery of an estate
of the Rev. J. Shoreland, rector of Mariya Wor. in Ireland, wlicin has long been in abeyance, of
thy-At Portsea, the Right Hon. Lord Greenock 8.0002. a year; and also, an accuinulated personal
D.O.G. to Miss Martha, daughter of T Marther, property of more than half a million. His pro-
esq-AL (!d Basing, Daniel May, esq. to Miss Spects of success have been pronounced to be very
Barton
favourable by several lawyers of the first eminence.
Diedi Al Goswort, Mrs. Boville, wife of S. B., We are sorry to announce the loss of the Lord
esq.-A: Rarton, near Winchester, Mr. J. Good. Hill packet, between Liverpool and the Isle of
man-Al Portsmouth, Lievt. Quelch, R. N.-At Man, with 18 persons on board, all of wbom pe.
Kinballon, the Rev. D. Lewis-W. Price esq. rished.
Births. At Woolton IIall, the lady of 1. Asb.
HEREPORDSHIRE.
ton, esq. of a son-Al Wateshead Mill, the lady or
Married. At Leominster, H. C. Lewes, esq.
W. Waring, esq. of a son.
to Eliza, second daughter of J. Morris, esq.- At
Married. Wm. Mac Kie, esg. of Livet pool, to
Hereford, Mr. Treherne, of Breepton, to Miss
Susan, youngest daughter of T. C. Everest, esq.-
Dopie-At Linton, Mr. T. Garrold, to Miss Wood-
At St. Helens, near Prescot, J. llook, esq. of Log-
hall.
don, to Eliza Frances, daughter of A Clarke, L. L.
Died.) At llereford, Mrs. T. Lee, 75-Eliza-
D. and F. A. S.-At Eccleston, E. G Clifton, esq.
beth, daughter of T. lliggios, esq. of Eastiner, 19
to Eliza, third daughter of the late T. E, esq.-At
-At Dudshill, N. Byde, esq. 86 At Eaton
Chidwail, T. Bent, esq. M. D. to Miss Rawson,
House, Frances, eidest danghter of the late J.
of Rose Ilill-The Rev. H. M. Ilutchinon, to Miss
Owon, est, of Pedinore Park, Worcestershire, 19
Munday, eldest daughter of Mis. Sarmou, the vo.
- Al Ledbury, Miss Selwym, daughter of the Rec.
cal performer.
for of Pixley, 19.
Died.] Ai Culcheth Ilall, Mary, the wife of
HERTFORDSHIRE.
Lieut. Col. Keymer, 41--At Failsworth, near Mao.
Births.1 At Bennington Park, the lady of C. chester, the Rev.J. Hordern, M. A.--Al Crimbie.
M. Campbeil, esq. ot a daughter.
near Rochdale, J. Fentoni, esq. 33--At Burnlev,
Died. At little Munden, the Rev. E. IIey. Aone, the lady of Reginald Hargreaves, esq. 29-
8114m. 78~At Wymondley House, the Rev. H. At Strangeways, J. Starkie, esq.-At Everton, A.
Farry, 65.
nes, the lady of J. Carson, esq.-At Elland, Ed.
HUNTINGDONSHIRE.
ward, the youngest son of J. Rushforth, esq.--At
Married 1 Mr Maun, 10 Miss Gray of Buck-
Strangeways, T. Millington, esq.At Leighton
Hall, near Lancaster, Mrs. Richmond, 81--At
worth-At St. Neots, the Rev. J. Holmes, to
Miss Gorliam
Manchester, S. Bow.lcn, 92.
Died.] Mi. W. Underwood, 23.
LEICESTERSHIRE.
KENT.
Births) At Melton Mowbray, Mrs. Tinsley, of
a daughter-Mrs. E Adcock, of a daughter.
On Wednesday the Menai frigate, of 28 guns,
Married.) S. Cradock, esq. to Eliza, daugister
W launched irom Chatham dock yard. Unfortu.
of W. Fermadge, esq.
nately, whilst every one was enjoying high gratifi.
Died.] At Twyford, Mrs. II. King, 87.At Bar.
cation at the sigiit ol so handsome a launch, one of
well, Mrs. G Lilly, 102-Mrs. Marriott, widow of
the hawsers broke, and Sir John Gore, and several
the Rev. Dr. M.-lY. Toone, cs.of Belton-Mrs.
other persons received considerable injury.
Hayne, wife of R. H., esq. of Great Glenw.--Fe-
Births.) At Hythe, the lady of Lieut, Col.
nelope, daughter of the late W. King, esq., of Sile-
Goldfinch, C. B. of a son. Al Margate, the lady
by At Melton Mowbray, Mrs. Sill, 51.
of T. W. Cobb. esq. of a daughter--At Deal, the
LINCOLNSHIRE.
Marricd.) T. Bedford, esq. of Ramsgate, to Births.] The lady of Evans Hartopp, esq. or
Miss Curling, of Chilion-At Canterbury, H. Col. little Dalby, of a son-At Little Pontom House.
lard, eg. to Miss Louisa Clifford--At Rochester, Grantham, the lady of Sir Charles Kent, Bart. of a
G, Pembic, esg. of Lumsford House, East Malling. Son and heir
10 Miss Mary Millen, of Aylesford-At Canter Married.] At logoldsby, B. Bush 81, to Miss
buiy, Mr. T. Casey, to Miss S. Fairbrass F. Man. Anne Gadsby 77-Mr. Reynerd 60, to Miss Bell,
ning, eso. of Combe park, to Miss E. Turner, of 10-W. Laming 76, to Miss Smith, 28-At Gains.
Stoke Rochford, Lincoln-At Folkestone, J. March borough, Capt. Chesham, to Mary Foster-At Mar-
to Miss II. Stone--At Eastwell, J. Butt to May ket Rasen, J. Martin, to Mary, second daughter of
Simpson-At Dover, H. Williams to Miss Youden R. Clarke, esq.At Burton, near Lincola, J. W.
W. Law, to Miss M. A. Uight.
Dudding, of Saxby, to Mary, eldest daughter of
Died.] At Dover, the Rev. J. Busby, chaplain the Rev. W. Jackson-C. Craven, esq. to Miss
of the garrison, 59-At Boxley House, J. Coker, Danvers, of Lincoln.
esq.-At Bromley, W. Walmsley, nealy twenty Died.] Mary, the wife of the Rev. W. Shaw.
years clerk of the papers of the House of Lords. curate of Walham-At Stanton, the Rev. R. Wv1
-At Dover R. Waugh, esq.At Lydd, D. Deone, piatt, 81- Mr. Alderinan Foster, of Lincoln, ga
esg. 66--At New Romney, M. Cornwell, fate of As Louth, Mra. Grant, widow of J. G. €89.90.
of lif cupt. E. Kittoe, of a daughteramsgate, 10
Births.] Then_At Little Pontom House,


190 Norfolk — Northampton-Northumberland--Oxford, fc. [March 1,
• Died.] At North Leys, near Ollerton, J. Vessey,
NORFOLK,
Caution to Swearers. About a fortnight since, esq.- Soutliwall, Mr. W. Adans, 40 years co-
two young men, in company at a public house at vernor of the Hone of Correction in that place.
Lynn, engaged, for a pot of beer, to try which could 80.-.At Newark, Mrs. Hunt-At South well. J. La.
swear the most diabolical oaths; when one of croft, esq. 79.-At Newark, Mr. R. Norton, sen.
tilem, álcr using the most abominable expressions, At Newark, Mrs. Hankin, 89).
treame exhausted, and could not ulter a syllable,
OXPORDSHIRE.
and has remained speechless ever sioce, a living A correspondent in the Oxford Herald, noticing
example to those wlio tike God's name in vain. the present roads from Bristol to London, and
Births 1 At Hillington, the Lady of J. W. Folkes, those that are in contemplation, strougly recom-
esg. of an.
niends, in preference to all of them, as being
Married1 At Soulden, J. Carter, esq. of Northshorter, a road taking Oxford in its route.
wold, to Miss Mary Anne Tyssen, of Pennenren Married.) At Witney. J. Clinch, to Misss Maria
Heath --At Norwich, J. H. Y llop, esq. to Miss Winkworth-At Oxford, W lughes, Psg. A. B. of
Mendwil-Mr K. Dawson, to Mary Anne, only Trinity College. to M. L only daughter of W. Vi.
daughter of J. Campion, esq-AL Norwich, Mr. cary, of Magdalen College,
J. Robson, to Miss Anne Staff.
Died,] At the Vicarage, Charlegrore, Frances,
Diell.At Norwich, the Rev. Mark Wilkes, 40 the lady of the Rev. M. Payne--AtTedding, Mis.
years ministrs of a congregation of dissenters in Radford, 74--At Banbury, R. Chapman, €69.
that place-At Thetford, Mrs. F. Torris---At Nor.
RUTLANDSHIRE.
wich. Mrs, M. Kettle, 70-Abbot Upcher, eeg. of Married At Liddington, Mr. Adcock, of Cal.
Sherringham, 36--Miss E.J. Warner, daughter of decott, to Miss Peach-At Oakliain, Mr. Jackson,
the Rev. J. L. W, of W isingham, 14--Sir T. Ber.
to Miss Taylor- Mr. Jackson, of Belroir Castle, to
ners Plaistow, kint. of Wallington Hall-At Nor.
Miss Floughton, of Grantham,
wich, Wm. Adains, esq. 27.
Died.1 About the middle of last month, at Den.
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.
ton, near Belvoir Castle, oue William Omcnd, or
We hear that Earl Fitzwilliam has inade the nu rather Osborne, a blind old soldier, boro at or
nificent donation of one thousand pounds towards near St. Neots, who seems to have been really the
the repairs, or, it may almost be said, the re build. last survivor (though many last survivors have been
ing of Peterborough parish church. The total ex talked of) among those who climbed the Heighis
penditure is estipated at about 90001.; and wiren of Abraham, under General Wolfe. O this he
the work is completed, which it is expected to be was fond of talking while his senses remained;
before Michaelinas next, the churoh will be us but these he lost some years ago. His age was
handsome a structure as any out of the metropolis. supposed to be 18; and, to the honour of this just
Married.] At Peterborough, T. A. Cooke, esq. and generous nation, it should be added, that for
to Miss Squire, daughter of the late W. T. Squire, inany years he has received a pension amounting to
esq.- Al Purton Latimer, Mr. Turner, 10 Miss Fla.
col. a year.
vell-A Cold Highanı, Mr. R. Kingston, to Mrs.
SHROPSHIRE.
E. Hards--At Abthorp, Mr. W. Sheen, to Miss
An ingenious mechanic, Mr Moir, who exhi.
Gieares.
bited several machines for premiums at the Shrup.
Births.) At Thornby rectory, the lady of the shire and other Agricultural Societies, and ulio
Rev, N. Cotton, of a son,
left this town on a tour through America, has
Died. At Paddington, Mrs. J. Longstaffe, 98 transmitted a detailed description of the celebrated
At Pytchly, Miss Hensham, daughter of H. llen.
frigate, Fulton the First. We understand that Mr.
sham, es-At Walgrave, Mr. J. Barrett, 83.
Mcir has discovered an error in the machinery of
NORTHUMBERLAND.
tbis vessel, which will be fatal to its operation ;
Births. At Newcastle, the lady of the Rev. but, like a good Englishman, he declines naking it
Geo. Burdon, of a daughter.
public at present.
MarriedAt Newcastle, Mr. P. llorn, to Miss Murricdl At Shrewsbury. CFMadanell
Falconer--At the same place. Mr. E. Moukhouse, of the 85th Reg. to Miss Wilkinson-J. Austen,
to Miss J. Bolam-At Newcastle, Thos. Shadforth, esq. to Elizabeth, Od daughter of Mr Hazeldinie, of
eq. to Mrs. Margaret Smith, his housekeeper Shrewsbury--Al Shrewsbury, the Rev. W. Bolland,
At Mitford, James Renshaw, esq. to Miss Mitford. Vicar of Swineshead and Frampton, to Miss S.
Died.) At Warkworth, Mrs. Jane Clark, 824 Pritchard--At Clunbury, G. Lowe, to Miss James
Newcastle, Margaret Purvis, Died] At Butingsdale, J. Taleur, esq. 20--At
alias Blind Willy, 99 years vine months.
Shrewsbury, T. Pemberto, esq. 84-At Shrews.
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.
hury, G. C. Forrester, esq. of Elmley Lodge-The
We are informed, that the railway from Pinx Rev. R. Sınith, M.A. curate of Wulstaston,
toa to Mansfield is in a state of great forwardness,
SOMERSETSHIRE.
and that much advantage is likely to be derived Seven prisoners, committed for capital crimes,
fior it by the inhabitants of Marsfield. It is also escaped a few nights ago from the new goal at
said to be in contemplation to inclose the forest, Taunton, which they effected by breaking through
and to cut & canal from Mansfield through Oller three thick stone walls. They had previously been
ton. to Retford. Should such a project be carried permitted to work in the prison as carpenters, and
iuto execution, it will be productive of important secreted part of the tools with which they were
benefits, as it will afford every facility for the con. supplied.
veyance of groceries, corn, bone manure, and other
The lady of Dr. H. Fox. of Bristol, of
articles, from Gainsborough, by water, while stone, a son-At Bath, the lady of Capt. Paget, of a
Pinxton line, coal, &c. will find a ready transit daughter.
from Mansfield by the same means, to the infinite Married.) R. JIarvey, esg. of Langley Park,
advantage of the surrounding neighbourhood.
Bucks, to Miss Jenina Collins, of Hatch Court--
Births.] At Aspley llall, the lady of 11. Wil. R. H. Baker, esq. R. N. to C.A. daughter of H.
louguby, esq. M.P. of a son.
Norris, esq. of Taunton.
Murried.] At Blyth, Mr. J. Bcrley, to Mrs. J. Died.] At Bath, Mrs. Capel, relict of D. Capel,
Thomson.
c59, 70-At Barh, Mr. Durham, 90,


1819.) Stafford--Suffolk--Surrey--Susser--Worcester--Warwick, fc. 191
STAPPORDSHIRE.
WARWICKSHIRE.
Births.) At Hopton Heath, the lady of J. Several young men of Birmingham, who were
Conran, esq. of a daughter.
educated at the Blue-coat School of that town,
Married.] At Stoke-upon-Trent, Mr. Wm. Go hare formed themselves into a society, and agreed
ther, to Miss Anne Ashley. The bridegroom, aged to deposit 2 per ceutage of their carnings, to form
49, had been in his Majesty's naval service 22 years, a fund, to make an annual gift to the institution
and has lost both his legs. When conducted to which fostered them in the early years,
the church, he was seated in the forecastle of a Died] At Warwick, Mrs. Langharne, wife of the
donkey, accompanied by his faithful Dulcinia. Rev. Hugh H.At Birgmingbam, Fraaces (har.
On arriving at the desired haven, he disembarked, Jotte, wife of the Rev. J. A. James-Al Cosely,
and being safely stowed in the hold of the church, Mrs Draper, wife of the Rev. B. H. Draper-Mrs.
he received his bluling bride on his knces, being Moody, relict of the Rev. J. Moody At Chering.
unable to stand or walk.
ton, w. Dickens, esq.At Rugby, Mrs. Marriott.
Diod. At Peno, near Wolverhampton, the Rev. widow of the late Rev. R. M.; sameplace, the Rev,
G. Green -Sarah, only child of J. Scisely, esq. U. Archer--Al Birmingham, Mrs. Sarah Bickley.
SUFPOLK
WESTMORELAND.
Married.) A: Woodbridge, the Rev. Charles Died.) At Sbap, the Rev. M. Holme, vicar of
Sharpe, to Aone, daughter of the late W. Goodwin, that place.
esq.-J. Black, of Woodbridge, to the daughter of
WILTSHire.
the late Mr.J. Collins, --At Ipswich, R. Purcell, to
Births.) At Rushall, the lady of the Rev. T,
Miss Brown, of Southwold,
Ilale, of a son.- At Longleat, Lady E. Campbell,
Died.) At Mettingham, near Bungay, Francis
of a daughter,
Cutts --At Needham, W. Beales, upwards of 66
Married ] James Scott, esq. of Roth field Park,
years parish clerk of that place.--At Meliord, the
to Miss Snell, daughter of the late W. Snell, esq.-
Rev. J. Leroo, 30 years rector of that parish.-At
M. T. B. Maurice, surgeon, of Swindon, to Miss
Haugliley, Mrs. M. Turner, 99.-Atlladleigh, Mrs.
Bullock.
Mary Vesey, 83 --At Ipswich, Sarah, the lady of
Dicd. At his seat, Teffont, T. Mivne, esq. 70
E. Cornwall, esq.
.-C. T. eldest son of the Rev. C.T. Kellow, rector
SURREY.
of Codford; also, N. S. daughter of C. T. Kellow,
Birth.] The lady of T. Hudson, esq. of a esq.-At Melksham, Meliora Olivia, relict of H.
daughter.
Guy, esq.--At Salisbury, Mrs. N. Douglas, sister of
Died. G. Chatfield, esy. of Croydon, 08.-At the Bishop of that diocese-At Marlborough, Mrs.
Thorpe Lee, Sir I. Tempest, 67.-Ai Wandsworth, Simmons, 97-At Wilton, J. Cade. 96-At Salis.
J. Hilberi, esat. 80.
bury, Mrs. Goodman; same place, the Rev. J.
SUSSEX.
Hughes, jun, 24.
Lately an elegant private chapel, attached to
YORKSHIRE.
Staustead House, was consecrated by the Lord Port of llull.--The following is a statement of
Bishops of Gloucester and St David's, assisted by the amount of Customs dutv rade &
about forty clergymen in the neighbourhood. Pre- port, for the years ending the 5th January, 1817
sious to the selemn act, the Rev. Lewis Way, the
ct, the Rev. Lewis Way, the aud 1818, viz :
proprietor, teodered to the bishops an endowment,
Gross receipt . . 1817 - . 1391,000
in perpetuity, of 1001. a year, secured on a free.
Ditto .. 1818 .. 520,000
hoid farm in the neighbourhood, which was handed being 199.0002. more than the preceding year, and
over to the chaucellor of the diocese to be regis. 89,0001. more than in 1903, which was previously
tered. The ceremony was witnessed by upwards the most productive since the port was established.
of 300 of the most respectable gentry in the coun. The number of vessels arrived and cleared was as
tics of Sussex and Hants. After the consecration under:
was performed, company to the number of 80, sat
No. Tonnage,
down to a most sumptuous entertaininent given on Ships inward, with cargoes, 1817, 841 143,910
the occasion,
Ditto, ditio, 1818, 1425 294,900
Married.) At Shipley, Col. Kenah, C. B. to being an increase of 601 vessels, tonnage 80,900
Miss Burrel.
over the preceding year. The trade out wards, in
Dicd.1 At Winchelsea, R. Denne, esq. -- At the same period, was as under:--
Ticehurst, Mrs. H. Bishoy, wife of the Rev. H. B. Ships outward, with cargoes, 1317, 409 50,60
-At Wisbro, Mary, relict of W. Walker, esq. 80. Ditto,
dito, . 1819, 413 52,500
WORCESTERSHIRE.
The sums deposited in the Tontcfract Savings'
Birth.] A! Worcester, the la'ly of the Rev. S. Bauk, since its commencement in Oct. 1817, to the
Wildman, of a son.
1st ult, anunt to 10,981 19s. Id.The depositors
Murrica.] Theodore Butler, esq. to Lucy, are almost entirely labourers, artisans, and domestic
daighter of the late Kate Richards, esq ---A. Y. serrants.
Bird, esq. to Miss Iloopes.-át Trowbridge, M. Married.) At Whithy, the Rev. J. Andrew, to
Butler, tu Miss Delves.
Miss Chapman At Leedis, S. Greenwood, esg, of
Dieci Eleanorreliitof R. Iludson, esq.of Wick, Stone's House, to Miss Eddison, of lioibeck Lodge
near Pershore, 70. Mrs. Brown, relict of R. B. - At Knaresborough, T. Fardell, esq. of Cornwick.
esq. of Little Hampton-Wm. Toone, esq. of Bel to Miss A. Meyrick, daughter of W.M.S. At
ton-Francis. eldest son of the late J. Owen, C. Hull, after a Redious courtship--es tecnly tico
of Redmore Park-At the vicarage, Broadway, the minutes ! Capt. Scarby, to Miss Locker. . .
Rev. D. Duries, curate of that parish 48 years, 67 Diell.] At Parlington, Mrs. Gascoigne - At
- At Worcester, the Rev. J. Robinson ; same place, York, the Rev. J. D. Thomas, D. D.--Al Farban,
Thos. Yarald, esg.; M15. Hawkins, of Barbourne Dear Kuaresborough, R. llarvey, esq.-At Don.
Lodge-At Cradley, near Stourbridge, J, Cardule, caster, E. Simpson, esq.-At Pontefract, R. Dun.
es. 67-At Malvern, Mrs. S. the lady of M. Sie hill, esq.- At Shethel, J. Rawson, esq.--Al Bever.
pheuson, e-9.-At Rainbow Hill, near Worcester, ley, the Rev. B. Robinson, Tector of Scarborough
Mrs. Harwick-Al Wildun, Dear Stourport, Mrs. 59; same place, Mrs. Adamthwaite; Mr. Flardy.
M. Lee, 105-Ackernpsey, Mrs. Shoreland, 84. 97-At Youh, Mr. Sanderson.


192
[March 1.
Wales - Scotland
Ireland.
WALES.
into a furze busli, where its nest was, and where
Ertraordinary Occurrence. A butcher 10
the shells of sereral eggs were strewed around,
Newton, Montgomeryshire, was in the act of kill which had at some former period been conveyed
ing a pig, when, having thrust the knife into its thither in the same inanner. --Ayr Journal.
throat, he threw thic weapon upon the ground. The Births ) Mrs. J. S. Robertson, Pitt street, Edin.
enraged animal, though in the conflict of death, burgh, of a son-At Stockbridge, Mrs. Currie, of
took bold of the haft of the knife in its mouth, and daughter.
by a jerk of its head, inflicted a wound in the leg
ead, inflicted a wound in the leg Married.] At Edinburgh, Dr. C. Stewart, to
of the butcher to the surprise of several bye Miss MoFarlane-A! Edinburgh, G. G. Munroe.
standers!
esq. to Miss Mary Kingdom.
Viscount Bulkeley has presented a church clock Died.) At Strabane, John Dorman, or Diermoll,
and peal of six bells to the town of Beaumaris, in He was born Boigh, in the parish of Cloulee,
Anglesey.
county of Donegal, the 24th of August, 1799, anit
Births 1 At Plas Bowman, Caernarvan, the consequently was upwards of 109 years of age, liis
lady of W. P. Lloyd, eso. of a daughter-At Byrn- father was a labourer, and lived to the age of 111.
bella, the lady of Sir John Salisbury, of a son.
His mother's name was Margaret Sharkey; she
Married.] At Hawarden, the Rev. T. Pennant lived to be dearly 113 years old.
to Miss Griffith.
IRELAND.
Died.] At Llanrost, Denbighshire, the lady of Oo the 4th ult, a gentleman in Irelied received
W. Edwards, esq. 49-Al Caernarvon, Z. Jones, letter from a friend of bis, residing at a distance
esq.-T. R. Charles, of Bala, Merionethshire-At from him of 120 miles, by a half carrer pigeo!).
Cuernarson, the Rev. Mr. Owen.
It is supposed the bird was not more than four hours
SCOTLAND.
on the wing.
Suyucity of a Hedgehog. -As Mr. Lane, game. Births.] At Newport, the lady of K. Penne.
keeper to the Earl of Galloway, was passing by father, ot a daughter-Al Galway, the laws of Sur.
the wood of Calscadden, near Gailiestown, he fell geop Price, of u son.
in with a hedgehog, crossing the road at a small Married.] Al Lamberton Park, Capt W. Te
distance before hin, carrying on its back six phea. rose, to Eliza, eldest dangliser of the Honourable
sant's eggs, which, upon examination, he found it Justice Moore At Dublin, Sir J. Corill, to Miss
had pilfered from a pleasant's nest hard by. The A.M. BusclieAt Radtblowing, Captain licinkin,
ingenuity of the creature was very coupicuous, as to Miss Mouk-At Waterford, T. Buides, esq. to
several of the retaining egg3 were loled, which Miss Ilutchinson.
must have been done by it, when in the act of Vicd) At Envis, Foster Parsons, esq. 06-At
rolling itself over the nest, in order to make as Caber Uouse, the Right Hon. R. Buller, Erlos
mary adhere to its prickles as possible. After Glengal-At Seaford, county Wexford, Mrs. E.
watching the motions of the urchin for a short Lett, 100; Charles Lett, esq. ber last child, was
time longer, Mr. Laic saw it dcliberately crawl born in ber 59ıb year.
TO READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.
« A SOUTHRON,” has been received, but he appears, unfortunately, to have fallen into
precisely the same error he so vehemently deprecates in our correspoudent “ X." If, how-
eyer, he thinks proper to re-consider his subject and adduce some sort of arguments in sup.
port of his assertions, we shall be happy to find them a place in our pages, though we can-
not give currency to his opinions, in their present form.
Mr. A Brooke has our best thanks for his beautiful Sonnet; it did not arrive until after
our poetical department for the present Number was made up, but will certainly appear in
our next.
A Walk Round Florence,"_" Observations on Campbell's Specimens of the British
Poets, No. 1,"_and" Extracts from Letters, written by a Resident at Geneva, containing
Anecdotes of Lord Byron, and other Distinguished Characters," in our next.
We thank VERITAS for his communication; his sentiments, though materially at vari-
ance with our own, bear the stamp of liberality, and, on that account, possess a strong
claim upon our attention. Although we may not insert bis present letter, we shall be
happy to hear from him again.
M. ought to be aware that in a court of criticism, as in a court of justice, when sentence
is once passed it cannot be repealed. His present verses are better than those he formerly
transmitted, but not good enough for the pages of the New Monthly Magazine,
Mr. TREDGOLD, " On the Dry Rot," and Mr. DONCASTER'S " Plan for an Organised
Supply of the Metropolis with Provisions, by Water Carriage," are unavoidably deferred
till next month.
We shall have much pleasure in paying early attention to the reqnest of our friend in
Bedfordshire, whose letter of the 23d was duly received.
We have lately been put to much unnecessary expepse by trifing and unimportant leliers from various
parts of the country: we must beg to be understood, that henceforth, we shall decline tu nozice all
communications which do not reach us frec of postage, unless transmitted by know and valued corre-
spondents.
We are always glad to receive potices of interest for our “Literary Report," but we mut be allowed
to discriminate between what are suitable for that department and what belong to the Advertisement
Wiapper.
T. Gulet, Princez, Crown Court, Fleet Street, London.


THE
NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
No. 63.]
APRIL 1, 1819.
[Vol. XI.
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS.
EXTRACT OF A LETTER FROM GENEVA, works. But to proceed : upon the same
WITH ANECDOTES OF LORD BYRON, side of the lake, Gibbon, Bonnivard,
&c.
Bradshaw and others, mark, as it were,
the stages for our progress; whilst upon
[We received several private letters in
the other side there is one house built
the course of last autumn from a friend
travelling on the Continent, and among
by Diodati, the friend of Milton, which
others the following, which we give to the
has contained within its walls, for several
public on account of its containing anec-
months, that poet whom we have so often
dotes of an Individual, concerning whom the read together, and who - if human
most trifling circumstances, if they tend to passions remain the same, and human
mark even the minor features of his mind, feelings, like chords, on being swept by
cannot fail of being considered important nature's impulses shall vibrate as be-
and valuable by those who know how to ap fore-will be placed by posterity in the
preciate his erratic but transcendent genius.
first rank of our English Poets.
The tale which accompanied the letter we
You
have also much pleasure in presenting to our
must have heard, or the Third Canto
readers.-Ed.]
of Childe Harold will have informed you,
that Lord Byron resided many months in
“I breathe freely in the neighbourhood this neighbourhood. I went with some
of this lake; the ground upon which I friends a few days ago, after having seen
tread has been subdued from the earli. Ferney, to view this mansion. I trod
est ages; the principal objects which the floors with the same feelings of awe
immediately strike my eye, bring to my and respect as we did, together, those of
recollection, scenes, in which man acted Shakspeare's dwelling at Stratford. I
the hero and was the chief object of inte. sat down in a chair of the saloon, and sa-
rest. Not to look back to earlier times tisfied myself that I was resting on what
of battles and sieges, here is the bust of he had made his constant seat. I found
Rousseau-here is the house with an in- a servant there who had lived with him ;
scription denoting that the Genevan she, however, gave me but little infor-
philosopher first drew breath under its mation. She pointed out his bed-cham-
roof. A little out of the town is Fer- ber upon the same level as the saloon and
ney the residence of Voltaire; where dining-room, and informed me that he
that wonderful, though certainly in many retired to rest at three, got up at two,
respects contemptible, character, receive and employed himself a long time over
ed, like the hermits of old, the visits of pil. his toilette; that he never went to sleep
grims, not only from his own nation, but without a pair of pistols and a dagger by
from the farthest boundaries of Europe. his side, and that he never eat animal
Here too is Bonnet's abode, and, a few food. He apparently spent some part
steps beyond, the house of that astonish- of every day upon the lake in an English
ing woman Madame de Stael, perhaps boat. There is a balcony from the sa-
the first of her sex, who has really proved loon which looks upon the lake and the
its often claimed equality with the nobler mountain Jura; and, I imagine, that
man. We have had before, women who it must have been hence, he contem-
have written interesting novels and po- plated the storm so magnificently de-
ems, in which their tact at observing scribed in the Third Canto; for you have
drawing-room characters has availed from here a most extensive view of all
them; but never since the days of He- the points he has therein depicted. I can
loise have those faculties which are pe- fancy him like the scathed" pine, whilst
culiar to man, been developed as the pos- all around was sunk to repose, still
sible inheritance of woman. Though waking to observe, what gave but a weak
even here, as in the case of Heloise, our image of the storms which had desolated
sex have not been backward in alleging his own breast.
the existence of an Abeilard in the per The sky is changed !--and such a change;
son of M. Schlegel as the inspirer of her
Oh, night!
Now MONTHLY MAG.–No. 63.
Vol. XI. 2 C
:


194
(April 1.
Extract of a Letter from Geneva, &c.
mirtb,
And storm and darkness, ye are wond'rous house of Lady D-- H , he pro-
strong,
mised to attend, but upon approaching
Yet lovely in your strength, as is the light the windows of her ladyship's villa, and
Of a dark eye in woman! Far along
perceiving the room to be full of com-
From peak to peak, the rattling crags
pany, he put down his friend, desiring
among,
Leaps the live thunder! Not from one
him to plead his excuse, and immediately
lone cloud,
returned home. This will serve as a
But every mountain now hath found a contradiction to the report which you
tongue,
tell me is current in England, of his hav-
And Jura answers thro' her misty shroud, ing been avoided by his countrymen on
Back to the joyous Alps who call to her the continent. The case happens to be
- aloud !
directly the reverse, as he has been gene-
And this is in the night:-Most glorious rally sought after by them, though on most
night!
occasions, apparently without success. It
Thou wer't not sent for slumber! let me be is said, indeed, that upon paying his first
A sharer in thy far and fierce delight, visit at Coppet, following the servant who
A portion of the tempest and of me! had announced his name, he was sur-
How the lit lake shines a phosphoric sea,
prised to meet a lady carried out faint-
And the big rain comes dancing to the
ing; but before he had been seated many
earth!
minutes, the same lady, who had been
And now again 'tis black,—and now the
glee
so affected at the sound of his name,
Of the lond hill shakes with its mountain returned aud conversed with him a con-
siderable time-such is female curiosity
As if they did rejoice o'er a young earth and affectation! He visited Coppet fre-
quake's birth.
quently, and of course associated there
Now where the swift Rhine cleaves his
with several of his countrymen, who
way between
evinced no reluctance to meet him whom
Heights which appear, as lovers who have his enemies alone would represent as an
parted
outcast.
In haste, whose mining depths so inter Though I have been so unsuccessful
vene,
in this town, I have been more fortunate
That they can meet no more, tho' broken
in my enquiries elsewhere. There is a
hearted;
society three or four miles from Geneva,
Tho' in their souls which thus each other
the centre of which is the Countess of
thwarted,
Love was the very root of the fond rage
Breuss, a Russian lady, well acquainted
Which blighted their life's bloom, and then
with the agrémens de la Société, and
departed
who has collected them round herself at
Itself expired, but leaving them an age her mansion. It was chiefly here, I find,
Of years all winter-war within themselves that the gentleman who travelled with
to wage.
Lord Byron, as physician, sought for so-
ciety. He used almost every day to cross
I went down to the little port, if I the 'lake by himself, in one of their flat-
may use the expression, wherein his ves- bottomed boats, and return after passing
sel used to lay, and conversed with the the evening with his friends about eleven
cottager, who had the care of it. You or twelve at night, often whilst the storms
may smile, but I have my pleasure in were raging in the circling summits of
thus helping my personification of the the mountains around. As he became
individual I admire, by attaining to the intimate, from long acquaintance, with
knowledge of those circumstances which several of the families in this neighbour-
were daily around him. I have made hood, I have gathered from their ac-
numerous enquiries in the town con- counts some excellent traits of his lord.
cerning him, but can learn nothing. He ship's character, which I will relate to
only went into society there once, when you at some future opportunity. I must,
M. Pictet took him to the house of a however, free him from one imputation
lady to spend the evening. They say attached to him-of having in his house
he is a very singular man, and seem two sisters as the partakers of his revels.
to think him very uncivil. Amongst This is, like many other charges which
other things they relate, that having in- have been brought against his lordship,
vited M. Pictet and Bonstetten to dinner, entirely destitute of truth. His only com-
he went on the lake to Chillon, leaving a panion was the physician I have already
gentleman who travelled with him to mentioned. The report originated from
receive them, and make his apologies. the following circumstance: Mr. Percy
Another evening, being invited to the Bysshe Shelly, a gentleman well known


1919.)
The Vampyre; a Tale by Lord Byron.
2
195
ciale
for extravagance of doctrine, and for his
THE VAMPYRE;".
daring in their profession, even to sign
A TILE BY LORD BYRON.
himself with the title of Also in the Al- [The superstition upon wlich this tale is
bum at Chamouny, having taken a founded is very general in the East. Among
house below, in which he resided with the Arabians it appears to be common: it
Miss M. W. Godwin and Miss Cler-
did not, however, extend itself to the Greeks
until after the establishment of Christianity;
mont, (the daughters of the celebrated
and it has only assumed its present form
Mr. Godwin) they were frequently vi-
since the division of the Latin and Greek
sitors at Diodati, and were often seen
churches; at whichi time, the idea b coming
upon the lake with his Lordship, which
prevalent, that a Latin body could not cor-
gave rise to the report, the truth of rupt iſ buried in their territory, it gradually
which is here positively denied.
increased, and formed the subject of many
Among other things which the lady, wonderiul stories, still extant, of the dead
from whom I procured these anecdotes, rising from their graves, and feeding upon
related to me, she mentioned the outline the blood of the young and beautiful. In
of a ghost story by Lord Böron. it
the West it spread, with some sliglit varia-
tion, all over llunarv, Poland, Austria, and
appears that one evening Lord B.,
Mr. P. B. Shelly, the two ladies and
Lorraine, where the beliet existed, that vam-
pyres nightly imbibed a certain portion of
the gentleman before allıded to, after
the blood of their victims, who became ema-
after having perused a German work,
ciated, lost their strength, and speedily died
ciated. Jost the
which was entitled Phantasmagoriana, of consumptions; whilst these human blood-
began relating ghost stories; when his suckers fattened--and their veins became
lordship having recited the beginning distended to such a state of repletion as to
of Christabel, then unpublished, the cause the blood to flow from all the passages
whole took so strong a hold of Mr. Shel of their bodies, and even from the very pores
ly's inind, that he suddenly started up
of their skins.
and ran out of the room. The physi-
In the London Journal of March, 1732, is
cian and Lord Byron followed, and dis-
a curious, and of course credible account
of a particular case of vainpyri m, which is
covered him leaning against a muntle-
stated to have occurred at Madreyga, in
piece, with cold drops of perspiration
Hungary. It appears, that upon an exami-
trickling down his face. After having nation of the commander in chiet and ma-
given him something to refresh hun, gistrates of the place, they positively and
upon enquiring into the cause of his unanimously afirmed that, about five years
alarm, they found that his wild imagin- before, a certain lleyduke, nained Arnold
ation having pictured to him the bosom Paul, had been heard to say, that, at Cas-
of one of the ladies with eyes (which was sovia, on the frontiers of the Turkish Servia,
reported of a lady in the neighbourhood he had been tormented by a vampyre, but
where he lived, he was obliged to leave the
had found a way to rid himself of the evil,
room in order to destroy the impression.
by eating some of the earth out of the vam-
It was afterwards proposed, in the course
pyre's grave, and rubbing himself with his
blood. This precaution, however, did not
of conversation, that erach of the company prevent him from becoming a vampyre*
present should write iz tale depending himself; for, about twenty or thirty diys
upon some supernatural agency, which after his death and burial, many persons
was undertaken by Lor! B., the physi- complained or having been torunted by
cian, and Miss M. W. Godwin. My him, and a deposition was made, that four
friend, the lady above referred to, had persons had been deprived of lite by his at-
in her possession the outline of each of tacks. To prevent further mischief, the in-
these stories, I obtained them as a great
habitants having consulted their ladagni“,
favour, and herewith forward them to
took up the body, and found it (as is sup-
you, as I was assured you would feel as
posed to be usual in cases of vampyrisni)
Tresh, and entirely free from corruption, and
much curiosity as myself, to peruse the
enitting at the mouth, nose, and ears, pure
ebuuches of so great a genius, and those
and florid blood. Proof having been thus
immediately under his influence.."*
obtained, they resorted to the accustomed
remedy. A stake was driven entirely through
* We have in our possession the Tale of
the heart and body of Arnold Paul, at which
he is reported to have cried out as dreadfully
Dr.
, as well as the outline of that
as if he had been alive. This done, they
of Miss Godwin. The latter has already
cut off his head, burned his body, and
appeared under the title of " Frankenstein,
or the modern Prometheus ;" the fornier,
threw the ashes into his grave. The same
however, upon consulting with its author,
* The universal belief is, that a person
ve may, probably, hereafter give to our sucked by a vampyre becomes a vampyre
readers.-ED.
himsell, and sucks in his turn.
opo Chief builin.


196
[April 1,
The Vampyre; a Tale, by Lord Byron.
measures were adopted with the corses of and traditionary narratives illustrative of its
those persons who had previously died from effects, has put forth some learned disserta-
vampyrism, lest they should, in their turn, tions, tending to prove it to be a classical, as
become agents upon others who survived well as barbarian error.
them.
We coud add many curious and interest-
We have related this monstrous rodo ing notices on this singularly horriole super-
montade, because it seems better adapted to stition, and we may, perhaps, resume our ob-
illustrate the subject of the present observa- servations upon it at some future opportu-
tions than any other instance we could ad- nity; for ihe present, we feel that we have very
duce. In many parts of Greece it is consi- far exceeded the limits of a pote, necessarily
dered as a sort of punishment after death, devoted to the explanation of the strange pro-
for some heinous crime committed whilst in duction to which we now invite the attention
existence, that the deceased is doomed to of our readers; and we shall therefore con-
vampyrise, but be compelled to confine his clude by merely remarking, that thouzh the
infernal visitations solely to those beings he term Vampyre is the one in most general
loved most while upon earth--those to whom acceptation, there are several others synoni-
he was bound by ties of kindred and affec- mous with it, which are made use of in va-
tion. This supposition is, we imagine, al- rious parts of the world, namely, Vroucolo-
luded to in the following fearfully sublime cha, Vardoulacha, Goul, Broucoloka, &c.
and prophetic curse from the “ Giaour.” -Ed.]
But first on earth, as Vampyre sent,
It happened that in the midst of the
Thy corse shall from its tomb be rent;
dissipations attendant upon a London
Then ghastly haunt thy native place,
And suck the blood of all thy race;
There from thy daughter, sister, wife,
parties of the leaders of the ion a no-
At midnight drain the stream of life;
bleman, more remarkable for his singu-
Yet loathe the banquet, which perforce
larities, than his rank. He gazed upon
Must feed thy livid living corse.
the mirth around him, as if he could not
Thy victims, ere they yet expire,
participate therein. Apparently, the
Shall know the demon for their sire; light laughter of the fair only attracted
As cursing thee, thou cursing them,
his attention, that he might by a look
Thy flowers are withered on the stem. quell it, and throw fear into those breasts
But one that for thy crime must fall, where thoughtlessness reigned. Those
The youngest, best beloved of all,
who felt this sensation of awe, could
Shall bless thee with a father's name---
not explain whence it arosc: some at-
That word shall wrap thy heart in fiame!
Yet thou must end thy task and mark
tributed it to the dead grey eye, which,
Her cheek's last tinge-her eye's last spark,
fixing upon the object's face, did not seem
And the last glassy glance must view
to peneirate, and at one glance to pierce
Which freezes o 'er its lifeless blue;
through to the inward workings of the
Then with unhallowed hand shall tear heart; but fell upon the cheek with a lead-
The tresses of her yellow hair,
en ray that weighed upon the skin it could
Of which, in life a lock when shorn
not pass. His peculiarities caused him to
Affection's fondest pledge was worn
be invited to every house; all wished to
But now is borne away by thee
see liim, and those who had been accus-
Memorial of thine agony!
tomed to violent excitement, and now
Yet with thine own best blood shall drip
felt the weight of ennui, were pleased
Thy gnashing tooth, and haggard lip;
Then stalking to thy sullen grave,
at having something in their presence
Go-and with Gouls and Alrits rave,
capable of engaging their attention.
Till these in horror sbrink away
In spite of the deadly hue of his face,
From spectre more accursed than they.
which never gained a warmer tint, either
Mr. Southey has also introduced in
from the blush of modesty, or from the
his wild but beautiful poem of “ Tha-
strong emotion of passion, though its
laba,” the vampyre corse of the Arabian
the Ambian form and outline were beautiful, many
maid Oneiza, who is represented as hav of ihe female hunters after notoriety
ing returned from the grave for the purpose attempted to win his attentions, and
of tormenting him she best loved whilst in gain, at least, some marks of what they
existence. But this cannot be supposed to night term affection ; Lady Mercer, who
have resulted from the sinfulness of her had been the mockery of every monster
life, she being pourtrayed throughout the shewn in drawing rooms since her mar-
whole of the tale as a complete type of pu- riage, threw herself in his way, and
rity and innocence. The veracious Tour-
did all but put on the dress of a moun-
didol but in
nefort gives a long account in his travels of
tebank, to attract his notice ;-though in
several astonishing cases of vampyrism, to
which he pretends to have been an eye-wit-
vain :-- when she stood before him,
ness ; and Calmet, in his great work upon though his eyes were apparently nxea
this subject, besides a variety of anecdoles, upon her's, still it seemed as if they were


1819.]
107
The Vampyre; a Tale by Lord Byron.
unperceived-even her unappalled im- scriptions contained in those volumes,
pudence was baffled, and she left the from which he had formed his study.
field. But though the common adultress Finding, however, some compensation
could not influence even the guidance of in his gratified vanity: he was about to
his eyes, it was not that the female sex relinquish his dreams, when the extraor-
was indifferent to him: yet such was dinary being we have above described,
the apparent caution with which he crossed him in his career.
spoke to the virtuous wife and innocent H e watched him; and the very im-
daughter, that few knew he ever ad- possibility of forming an idea of the
dressed himself to females. He had, character of a man entirely absorbed in
however, the reputation of a winning himself, who gave few other signs of his
tongue; and whether it was that it even observation of external objects, than
overcame the dread of his singular cha- the tacit assent to their existence, in-
racter, or that they were moved by his plied by the aroidance of their contact;
apparent hatred of vice, he was as often allowing his imagination to picture every
among those females who form the boast thing that flattered its propensity to
of their sex from their domestic virtues, extravagant ideas, he soon formed this ob-
as among those who sully it by their vices. ject into the hero of a romance, and de-
About the same time, there came to termined to observe the offspring of his
London a young gentleman of the name fancy, rather than the person before
of Aubrey: he was an orphan left with him. He became acquainted with him,
an only sister in the possession of great paid him attentions, and had so far
wealth, hy parents who died while he was advanced upon his notice, that his
yet in childhood. Lett also to himself by presence was always recognized. He
guardians, who thought it their duty gradually learnt that Lord Ruthven's
merely to take care of his fortune, while affairs were embarrassed, and soon
they relinquished the more important found, from the notes of preparation in
charge of his mind to the care of mer-
Street, that he was about to
cenary subalterns, he cultivated more travel. Desirous of gaining some infor-
his imagination than his judgment. He mation respecting this singular charac-
had, hence, that high romantic feeling of ter, who, till now, had only whetted his
honour and candour, which daily ruins curiosity, he hinted to his guardians, that
so many milliners' apprentices. He be- it was time for him to perform the tour,
lieved all to sympathise with virtue, and which for many generations has been
thought that vice was thrown in by thought necessary to enable the young
Providence merely for the picturesque to take some rapid steps in the career
effect of the scene, as we see in ro- of vice, towards putting themselves
mances; he thought that the mi- upon an equality with the aged, and not
sery of a cottage merely consisted in allowing them to appear as if fallen
the vesting of clothes, which were as from the skies, whenever scandalous in-
warm, but which were better adapted to trigues are mentioned as the subjects of
the painter's eye by their irregular folds pleasantry or of praise, according to the
and various coloured patches. He degree of skill shewn in carrying them
thought, in fine, that the dreams of poets on. They consented: and Aubrey im-
were the realities of life. He was hand- mediately mentioning his intentions to
some, frank, and rich: for these reasons, Lord Ruthven, was surprised to re-
upon his entering into the gay circles, ceive from him a proposal to join
many mothers surrounded him, striving him. Flattered, by such a mark of es-
which should describe with least truth teem from him, who, apparently, had
their languishing or romping favourites: nothing in common with other men, he
the daughters at the same time, by gladly accepted it, and in a few days
their brightening countenances when he they had passed the circling waters.
approached, and by their sparkling eyes, Hitherto, Aubrey had had no opportu.
when he opened his lips, soon led him nity of studying Lord Ruthven's charac-
into false notions of his talents and his ter,and now he found, that, though many
merit. Attached as he was to the ro- more of his actions were exposed to his
mance of his solitary hours, he was view, the results offered different con-
startled at finding that except in the clusions from the apparent motives to
tallow and wax candles, that flickered his conduct. His companion was pro-
not from the presence of a ghost, but fuse in his liberality;--the idle, the va-
from want of snuffing, there was no gabond, and the beggar, received from
foundation in real life for any of that his hand more than enough to relieve
congeries of pleasing pictures and de. their immediate wants. But Aubrey


198
The Vumpyre; a Tule, by Lord Byron.
(April 1,
could not avoid remarking, that it was him to resign that charity and pleasure
not upon the virtuous, reduced to indi- which proved the ruin of all, and did not
gence by the misfortunes attendant eren tend to his own profit;- but he diayed it
upon virtue, that he bestowed lis alms; --for each day he hoped his friela would
these were sent from the door with give him some opportunity of speaking
hardly suppressed snecrs; but when frankly and openly to him ; however, this
the profligate came to ask something, nerer occurred Lord Ruthven in his
not to relieve his wants, but to allow carriage, and amidst the various wild
him to wallow in his lust, or to sink and rich scenes of nature, was always
him still deeper in his iniquity, he was the same : his eve spoke less than his
sent away with rich charity. This was, lip; and though. Aubrey was near the
however, attributed by him to the object of his curiosity, he obtained no
greator importunity of the vicious, which greater gratincation from it than the
generally prevails over the retiring constant excitement of vainly wishing
bashfulness of the virtuous indigent. to break that mystery, which to his ex-
There was one circunstance about the alted imagination began to assume the
charity of his Lordship, which was still appearance of something supernatural.
more impressed upon his inid : allThey soon arrived at Rome, and Au-
those upon whom it was bestowed, in- brey for a time lost sight of his compa-
evitably found that there was a curse nion; he left himn in daily attendance
upon it, for they all were either led to upon the morning circle of an Italian
the scaffold, or sunk to the lowest and countess, wluilst lie went in search of the
the most abject misery. At Brussels memorials of another almost deserted
and other towns through which they city. Whilst he was thus engaged, let-
passed, Aubrey was surprized at the ters arrived from England, which he
apparent eagerness with which his com- opened with eager impatience ; the first
panion sought for the centres of all was fronı his sister,breathing nothing but
fashionable vice; there he entered into affection; the others were from his guar-
all the spirit of the faro table: he betted, dians, the latter astonished him; if it had
and always gambled with success, except before entered into his inagination that
where the known sharper was his anta- there was an evil power resident in his
gonist, and then he lost even more than he companion, these seemed to give him al-
gained; but it was always with the same most sufficient reason for the belief. Ilis
unchanging face, with which he gene- guardians insisted upon his immediately
rally watched the society around : it leaving his friend, and urged, that his cha-
was not, however, so when he en-racter was dreadfully vicious, for that the
countered the rash youthful novice, or possession of irresistible powers of se-
the luckless father of a numerous family; duction, rendered his licentious habits
then his very wish seemed fortune's more dangerous to society. It had been
law - this apparent abstractedness of discovered, that his contempt for the
mind was laid aside, and his eyes sparkled adultress had not originated in hatred
with more fire than that of the cat of her character; but that he had re-
whilst dallying with the half dead mouse. quired, to enhance his gratiſication, that
In every towi, he left the formerly af- his victim, the partner of his guilt,
fluent youth, torn from the circle he should be hurled from the pinnacle of
adorned, cursing, in the solitude of a dun- unsullied virtue, down to the lowest
geon, the fate that bad drawn him abyss of infamy and degradation: in
within the reach' of this fiend; whilst fine, that all those females whoin he had
many a father sat frantic, amidst the sought, apparently on account of their
speaking looks of mute hungry children, virtue, bad, since his departure, thrown
without a single farthing of his late im- even the mask aside, and had not scru-
mense wcalth, wherewith to buy eren pled to expose the whole deformity of
sufficient to satisfy their present craving their vices to the public gaze.
Yet he took no money from the gambling Aubrey determined upon leaving one,
table; butimmediately lost, to the ruiner whose character had not yet shown a
of many, the last gilder he had just single bright point on which to rest
snatched from the convulsive grasp of the eye. He resolved to invent some
the innocent: this might but be the re- plausible pretext for abandoning him
sult of a certain degree of know. altogether, purposing, in the mean while,
ledge, which was not, however, ca- to watch him more closely, and to let no
pable of combating the cunning of the slight circumstance pass' by unnoticed,
more experienced. Aubrey often wished He entered into the same circle, and soon
to represent this to his friend, and beg perceived, that his Lordship was endea-


1819.) The Vumpyre ; a Tule, by Lord Byron.
199
vouring to work upon the inexperience of the light step of lapthe often accompa-
the daughter of the lady at whose house nied Aubrey in his search after antigui-
he chiefly frequented. In Italy, it is ties, and often would the unconscious girl,
seldom that an unmarried female is met engaged in the pursuit of a Kashmere
with in society; he was therefore obliged butterfly, show the whole beauty of her
to carry on his plans in secret; but Au- form, floating as it were upon the wind,
brey's eye followed him in all his wind- to the eager gaze of him, who forgot
ings, and soon discovered that an assigna- the letters he had just decyphered upon
tion had been appointed, which would an almost effaced tablet, in the contem-
most likely end in the ruin of an innocent, plation of her sylph-like figure. Often
though thoughtless girl. Losing no time, would her tresses falling, as she fitted
he entered the apartment of Lord Ruth- around, show in the sun's ray such de-
ven, and abruptly asked him his inten- licately brilliant and swiftly fading hues,
tions with respect to the lady, informing as might well excuse the forgetfulness of
him at the same time that he was aware the antiquary, who let escape from his
of his being about to meet her that very mind the very object he had before
night. Lord Ruthven answered, that thought of vital importance to the proper
his intentions were such as he supposed interpretation of a passage in Pausa-
all would have upon such an occasion; nias. But why attempt to describe
and upon being pressed whether he in- charms which all feel, but none can ap-
tended to marry her, merely laughed. preciate ?- It was innocence, vouth, and
Aubrey retired; and, immediately writing beauty, unaffected by crowded drawing
a note, to say, that from that moment he rooms, and stilling balls. Whilst he
must decline accompanying bis Lordship drew those remains of which he wished
in the remainder of their proposed tour, to preserve a memorial for his future
he ordered his servant to seek other hours, she would stand by, and watch
apartments, and calling upon the mother the magic effects of his pencil, in tracing
of the lady, informed her of all he knew, the scenes of her native place; she would
not only with regard to her daughter, then describe to him the circling dance
but also concerning the character of his upon the open plain, would paint to him
Lordship. The assignation was pre- in all the glowing colours of youthful
vented. Lord Ruthven next day mere- memory, the marriage pomp she remem-
ly sent his servant to notify his com- bered viewing in her infancy; and then,
plete assent to a separation; but did not turning to subjects that had evidently
hint any suspicion of his plans baring made a greater impression upon her
been foiled by Aubrey's interposition. mind, would tell him all the superna-
Having left Rome, Aubrev directed tural tales of her nurse. Her ear-
his steps towards Greece, and, crossing nestness and apparent belief of what
the Peninsula, soon found himself at she narrated, excited the interest even
Athens. He then fixed his residence in of Aubrey; and often, as she told him
the house of a Greek; and soon occupied the tale of the living vampyre, who had
himself in tracing the faded records of passed years amidst his friends, and
ancient glory upon monuments that dearest ties, forced every year, by feed-
apparently, ashamed of chronicling the ing upon the life of a lovely female to
deeds of freemen only before slaves, prolong his existence for the ensuing
had hidden themselves beneath the shel- montlis, his blood would run cold,
tezing suil or many coloured lichen. whilst he attempted to laugh her out of
Under the same roof as himself, existed such idle and horrible fantasies; but Ian-
a being so beautiful and delicate,that she the cited to him the names of old men,
might have formed the model for a who had at last detected one living
painter wishing to pourtray on canvass among themselves, after several of their
the promised hope of the faithful in near relatives and children had been
Mahomet's paradise, save that her eyes found marked with the stamp of the
spoke too much mind for any one to fiend's appetite; and when she found
think she could belong to those who him so incredulous, she begged of him to
had no souls. As she danced upon the believe her, for it had been remarked, that
plain, or tripped along the mountain's those who had dared to question their
side, one would have thought the gazelle existence, always had some proof given,
a poor type of her beauties, for who which obliged them, with grief and
would have exchanged her eye, appen heartbreaking, to confess it was true.
rently the cye of animated nature, for She detailed to him the traditional an.
that sleepy luxurious look of the animal pearance of these monsters, and his
suited but to the taste of an epicure. horror was increased, by hearing a


200
The Vampyre; a Tale, by Lord Byron. (April 1,
pretty accurate description of Lord prised to observe the melancholy face of
Ruthven; le, however, still persisted his host, and was concerned to find that
in persuading her, that there could be his words, mocking the belief of those
no truth in her fears, though at the horrible fiends, had inspired them with
same time he wondered at the many coin- such terror. When he was about to de-
cidences which had all tended to excite a part, lanthe came to the side of his horse
belief in the supernatural power of Lord and earnestly begged of him to return,
Ruthven.
ere night allowed the power of these be-
Aubrey began to attach himself more ings to be put in action-he promised.
and more to Ianthe, her innocence, so He was, however, so occupied in his re-
contrasted with all the affected virtues search that he did not perceive that day.
of the women among whom he had light would soon end, and that in the ho-
sought for his vision of romance, won rizon there was one of those specks which
his heart; and while he ridiculed the in the warmer climates so rapidly gather
idea of a young man of English habits, into a tremenduous mass and pour all
marrying an uneducated Greek girl, their rage upon the devoted country.-
still he found himself more and more He at last, however, mounted his horse,
attached to the alniost fairy form be- determined to make up by speed for his
fore him. He would tear himself at delay : but it was too late. "Twilight in
times from her, and, forming a plan for these southern climates is almost un-
some antiquarian research, he would known; immediately the suu sets, night
depart, determined not to return until begins; and ere he had advanced far, the
his object was attained; but he always power of the storm was abore-its echo-
found it impossible to fix his attention ing thunders had scarcely an interval of
upon the ruins around him, whilst in his resto--its thick heavy rain forced its way
mind he retained an image that seemed through the canopying foliage, whilst the
alone the rightful possessor of his blue forked lightning seemed to fall
thoughts. Ianthe was unconscious of and radiate at his very feet. Suddenly
his love, and was ever the same frank his horse took fright, and he was carried
infantile being he had first known. She with dreadful rapidity through tho en-
always seemed to part from him with re- tangled forest. The animal at last,
luctance; but it was because she had no through fatigue, stopped, and he found,
longer any one with whom she could visit by the glare of lightning, that he was in
her favourite haunts, whilst her guardian the neighbourhood of a hovel that hard-
was occupied in sketching or uncovering ly lifted itself up from the masses of dead
some fragment which had yet escaped leaves and brushwood which surrounded
the destructive hand of time. She had it. Dismounting, he approached, hoping
appealed to her parents on the subject of to find some one to guide him to the
Vampyres, and they both, with several town, or at least trusting to obtain' shel-
present, afirmed their existence, pale ter from the pelting of the storm. As
with horror at the very name. Soon he approached, the thunders, for a mo-
after, Aubrey determined to proceed ment silent, allowed him to hear the
upon one of his excursions, which was dreadful shrieks of a woman mingling
to detain him for a few hours; when with the stifled exultant mockery of a
they heard the name of the place, they laugh, continued in one almost unbroken
all at once begged of him not to return sound; he was startled : but, roused by
at night, as he must necessarily pass the thunder which again rolled over his
throngh a wood, where Do Greek head, he with a sudden effort forced
would ever remain after the day had open the door of the hut. He found
closed, upon any consideration. They himself in utter darkness; the sound,
described it as the resort of the vampyres however, guided him. He was apparent-
in their nocturnal orgies, and denounced ly unperceived; for though he called,
the most heavy evils as impending upon still the sounds continued, anu no no-
him who dared to cross their patli.' Au- tice was taken of him. He fouud liim-
brey made light of their representations, seif in contact with some one, whom he
and tried to laugh them out of the idea; inletely seized, waen a voice cried
but when he saw them shudder at bis “again battled," to which a loud laugh
daring thus to mock a superior, internal succeeded, and he felt himself grappled
power, the very name of which appa- by one whose strength seemed superhu-
rently made their blood freeze, he was man: determined to sell his life as dear.
silent.
ly as he could, he struggled; but it was
Next morning Aubrey set off upon in vain : he was lifted iron his feet aud
his excursion unattended; he was surhurled with enormous force against the


1819.]
201
The Vampyre ; a Tale, by Lord Byron.
ground:-his enemy threw himself upon upon Lord Ruthven and upon Ianthe-
him, and kneeling upon his breast, had by some unaccountable combination he
placed his hands upon his throat, when seemed to beg of his former companion
the glare of many torches penetrating to spare the being he loved. At other
through the hole that gave light in the times he would imprecate maledictions
day, disturbed him-he instantly rose upon his head, and curse him as her
and, leaving his prey, rushed through destroyer. Lord Ruthven chanced at
the door, and in a moment the crashing this time to arrive at Athens, and, from
of the branches, as he broke through the whatever motive, upon hearing of the
wood, was no longer heard.— The storm state of Aubrey, immediately placed
was now still; and Aubrey, incapable of himself in the same house and became
moring, was soon heard by those with- his constant attendant. When the latter
out. They entered; the light of their recovered from bis delirium he was hor.
torches fell upon the mud walls, and the rified and startled at the sight of him
thatch loaded on every individual straw whose image he had now combined with
with heavy flakes of soot. At the desire that of a Vampyre; but Lord Ruthven
of Aubrey they searched for her who by his kind words, implying almost re-
had attracted him by her cries; he was pentance for the fault that had caused
again left in darkness; but what was their separation, and still more by the
his horror, when the light of the torches attention, anxiety, and care which he
once more burst upon him, to perceive showed, soon reconciled him to his pre-
the airy form of his fair conductress sence. His Lordship seemed quite
brought in a lifeless corse. He shut changed; he no longer appeared that
his eyes, hoping that it was but a vision apathetic being who had so astonished
arising from his disturbed imagination; Aubrey; but as soon as his conva-
but he again saw the same form, when lescence began to be rapid, he again gra-
he unclosed them, stretched by his side. dually retired into the same state, of
There was no colour upon her cheek, not mind, and Aubrey perceived no difference
even upon her lip; yet there was a stills from the fornier man, except, that at
ness about her face that seemed almost times he was surprised to meet his
as attaching as the life that once dwelt gaze fixed intently upon him with a
there :-upon her neck and breast was smile of malicious exultation playing
blood, and upon her throat were the upon his lips; he knew not why, but this
marks of teeth having opened the vein:- smile haunted him. During the last
to this the men pointed, crying, simulta- stage of the invalid's recovery, Lord
neously struck with horror, “a Vam- Ruthven was apparently engaged in
pyre, a Vampyre!” A litter was quickly watching the tideless waves raised by
formed, and Aubrey was laid by the side the cooling breeze, or in marking the
of her who had lately been to him the progress of those orbs, circling, like our
object of so many bright and fairy visions, world, the moveless sun;-indeed he ap.
now fallen with the flower of life that peared to wish to avoid the eyes of all."
had died within her. He knew notA ubrey's mind, by this shock, was
what his thoughts were his mind was much weakened, and that elasticity of
benumbed and seemed to shun reflection spirit which had once so distinguished
and take refuge in vacancy-he held al- him now seemed to have fled for ever.---
most unconsciously in his hand a naked He was now as much a lover of solitude
dagger of a particular construction, and silence as Lord Ruthven; but
which had been found in the hut. - much as he wished for solitude, his mind
They were soon met by different parties could not find it in the neighbourhood
who had been engaged in the search of of Athens; if he sought it amidst the
her whom a mother had soon missed.- ruins he had formerly frequented,
Their lamentable cries, as they ap. lanthe's form stood by his side---if
proached the city, forewarned the pa. he sought it in the woods, her light step
rents of some dreadful catastrophe. would appear wandering amidst the une
To describe their grief would be im- derwood, in quest of the modest violet;
possible ; but when they ascertained the then suddenly turning round would
cause of their child's death they looked at show, to his wild imagination, her pale
Aubrey and pointed to the corpse.- face and wounded throat with a meek
They were inconsolable ; both died bro. smile upon her lips. He determined to
ken-hearted.
fly seenes, every feature of which
Aubrey being put to bed was seized created such bitter associations in his
with a most violent fever, and was often mind. He proposed to Lord Ruthven,
delirious ; in these intervals he would call to whom he held himself bound by the
New MONTHLY MAG.–No. 63.
VOL. XI. 2 D


202
[April 1,
The Vampyre; a Tale, by Lord Byron.
tender care he had taken of him during in two days mortification ensued, and
his illness, that they should visit death seemed advancing with hasty
those parts of Greece neither had yet steps.---His conduct and appearance had
seen. They travelled in every direction, not changed; he seemed as unconscious
and sought every spot to which a recol- of pain as he had been of the objects
lection could be attached; but though about him ; but towards the close of the
they thus hastened from place to place last evening his mind became apparently
yet they seemed not to heed what they uneasy, and his eye often fixed upon
gazed upon.---They heard much of rob- Aubrey, who was induced to offer his
bers, but they gradually began to slight assistance with more than usual ear-
these reports, which they imagined were nestness---" Assist me! you may save
only the invention of individuals, whose me---you may do more than that---I
interest it was to excite the generosity mean not my life, I heed the death of
of those whom they defended from pre- my existence as little as that of the pas-
tended dangers. In consequence of sing day; but you may save my honour,
thus neglecting the advico of the inha. your friend's honour."---- How, tell me
bitants, on one occasion they travelled how; I would do any thing," replied
with only a few guards, more to serve Aubrey, “ I need but little---my life ebbs
as guides than as a defence.---Upon enapacc---I cannot explain the whole---
tering, however, a narrow defile, at the but if you would conceal all you know
bottom of which was the bed of a tor- of me, my honour were free from
rent, with large masses of rock brought stain in the world's mouth---and if
down from the neighbouring precipices, my death were unknown for some
they had reason to repent their negli- time in England---I--I---but life."---
gence---for,scarcely were the whole of the “It shall not be known,"--"Swear!"
party engaged in the narrow pass, when cried the dying man, raising him-
they were startled by the whistling of self with exultant violence, Swear
bullets close to their heads, and by the by all your soul reveres, by all your na-
echoed report of several guns. In an in- ture fears, swear that for a year and a
stant their guards had left them, and day you will not impart your knowledge
placing themselves behind rocks had be- of my crimes or death to any living being
gan to fire in the direction whence the in any way, whaterer may happen, or
report came. Lord Ruthven and Au- whatever you may see."---His eyes seem-
brev, imitating their example, retired ed bursting from their sockets: “I
for a moment behind a sheltering turn swear!" said Aubrey; he sunk laughing
of the defile; but ashamed of being thus upon bis pillow and breathed no more.
detained by a foe, who with insulting Aubrey retired to rest, but did not
shouts bade them advance, and being ex- sleep, the many circumstances attend.
posed to unresisting slaughter, if any ing his acquaintance with this man rose
of the robbers should climb above upon his mind, and he knew not why:
and take them in the rear, they deter- when he remembered his oath a cold
mined at once to rush forward in search shivering came over him, as if from the
of the enemy.---Hardly had they lost presentiment of something horrible
the shelter of the rock, when Lord awaiting him. Rising early in the morn-
Ruthven received a shot in the shoulder ing he was about to enter the hovel in
that brought him to the ground.---Au- which he had left the corpse, when a
brey hastened to his assistance, and no robber met him, and informed him that it
longer heeding the contest or his own was no longer there, having been convey-
peril, was soon surprised by seeing the ed by liimself and comrades, upon his re.
robbers' faces around him; his guards tiring, to the pinnacle of a neighbouring
having, npon Lord Ruthven's being mount, according to a promise they had
wounded, imincdiately thrown up their given liis lordship, that it should be ex-
arms anı surrendered.
posed to the first cold ray of the moon
By promises of great reward, Au- that rose after his death. Aubres astu-
brey soon induced them to convey his nished, and taking several of the men,
wounded friend to a neighbouring cabin, determined to go and bury it upon the
and having agreed upon a ransom he spot where it lay. But, when he had
was no inore disturbed by their pre- mounted to the summit be found no
sence, they being content to merely trace of either the corpse or the
guard the entrance till their comurade clothes, though the robbers swore they
should return with the promised sum pointed out the identical rock on which
for which he had an order.---Lord They had laid the body. For a time his
Ruthven's strength rapidly decreased, mind was bewildered in conjectures, but


1819.]
203
The Vampyre; a Tule, by Lord Byron.
he at last returned, convinced that they grace which gains the gaze and applause
had buried the corpse for the sake of of the drawing-room assemblies. There
the clothes.
was none of that light brilliancy which
Weary of a country in which he had only exists in the heated atmosphere
met with such terrible misfortunes, and of a crowded apartment. Her blue eye
in which all apparently conspired to was never lit up by the levity of the
heighten that superstitious melancholy mind beneath. There was a melan-
that had seized upon his mind, he re- choly charm about it which did not seem
solved to leave it, and soon arrived at to arise from misfortune, but from some
Smyrna. While waiting for a vessel to feeling within, that appeared to indicate a
convey him to Otranto, or to Naples, soul conscious of a brighter realm. Her
he occupied himself in arranging those step was not that light footing, which
effects he had with him belonging to strays where'er a butterfly or a colour
Lord Ruthven. Amongst other things may attract-it was sedate and pensive.
there was a case containing several wea- When alone, her face was never bright-
pons of offence, more or less adapted to ened by the smile of joy ; but when her
ensure the death of the victim. There brother breathed to her his affection, and
were several daggers and ataghans. would in her presence forget those griefs
Whilst turning then over, and examin- she knew destroyed his rest, who would
ing their curious forms, what was his have exchanged her smile for that of the
surprise at finding a sheath apparently voluptuary? It seemed as if those cyes,
ornamented in the same style as the dag- that face were then playing in the light
ger discovered in the fatal hut; he shud- of their own native sphere. She was
dered ; hastening to gain further proof, yet only eighteen, and had not been pre-
he found the weapon, and his horror sented to the world ; it having been
may be imagined when he discovered thought by her guardians more fit that
that it fitted, though peculiarly shaped, her presentation should be delayed un..
the sheath he held in his hand. His til her brother's return from the conti-
eyes seemed to need no further cer- nent, when he might be her protector.
tainty--they seemed gazing to be bound It was now, therefore, resolved that the
to the dagger; yet still he wished to dis next drawing room, which was fast ap-
believe; but the particular form, the same proaching, should be the epoch of her
varying tints upon the haft and sheath entry into the “ busy scene." Aubrey
were alike in splendour on both, and left would rather have remained in the man-
no room for doubt; there were also sion of his fathers, and fed upon the me-
drops of blood on each.
lancholy which overpowed him. He could
He left Smyrna, and on his way home, not feel interest about the frivolities of
at Rome, his first inquiries were concern- fashionable strangers, when his mind
ing the lady he had attempted to snatch had been so torn by the events he had
from Lord Ruthven's seductive arts. witnessed; but he determined to sacri-
Her parents were in distress, their fice his own comfort to the protection of
fortune ruined, and she had not been his sister. They soon arrived in town,
heard of since the departure of his low and prepared for the next day, which
ship. Aubrey's mind became almost had been announced as a drawing.
broken under so many repeated horrors; room.
he was afraid that this lady had fallen a The crowd was excessive--a drawing
victim to the destroyer of Ianthe. He room had not been held for a long time,
became morose and silent, and his only and all who were anxious to bask in the
occupation consisted in urging the speed smile of royalty, hastened thither. Au-
of the postiliuns, as if he were going to brey was there with his sister. While he
save the life of some one he held dear. was standing in a corner by himself, heed-
He arrived at Calais ; a breeze, which less of all around him, engaged in the re-
seemed obedient to his will, soon wafted membrance that the first time he had seen
him to the English shores; and he has- Lord Ruthven was in that very place-
tened to the mansion of his fathers, and he felt himself suddenly seized by the
there, for a moinent, appeared to lose, in arm, and a voice he recognized too well,
the embraces and caresses of his sister, sounded in his ear-.“ Remember your
all memory of the past. If she before, oath." He had hardly courage to turn,
by her infantine caresses, had gained his fearful of seeing a spectre that would
affection, now that the woman began to blast him, when he perceived, at a little
appear, she was still more attaching as a distance, the same figure which had at-
companion.
tracted his notice on this spot upon his
Miss Aubrey had not that winning first entry into society. He gazed till


204
[April 1,
The Vampyre; a Tale, by Lord Byron.
his limbs almost refusing to bear their close bis suspicions, who would believe
weight, he was obliged to take the arm him? He thought of employing his
of a friend, and forcing a passage through own hand to free the world from such a
the crowd, he threw himself into his wretch; but death, he remembered, had
carriage, and was driven home. He been already inocked. For days he re-
paced the room with hurried steps, and mained in this state, shut up in his
fixed his hands upon his head, as if he room, he saw no one, and eat only
were afraid his thoughts were bursting when his sister came, who, with eyes
from his brain. Lord Ruthven again streaming with tears, besought him, for
before him-circumstances started up in her sake, to support nature. At last,
dreadful array-the dayger-his oath. no longer capable of bearing still-
He roused himself, he could not ness and solitude, he left his house,
believe it possible-the dead rise again!- roamed from street to street, anxious
He thought his imagination had conjured to fly that image which haunted him.
up the image his mind was resting upon. His dress became neglected, and he
It was impossible that it could be real wandered, as often exposed to the noon-
he determined, therefore, to go again day sun as to the midnight damps.
into society; for though he attempted He was no longer to be recognized ;
to ask concerning Lord Ruthven, the at first he returned with the evening
name hung upon his lips, and he could to the house; but at last he laid him
not succeed in gaining information. He down to rest wherever fatigue over-
went a few nights after with his sister took him. His sister, anxious for his
to the assembly of a near relation. Leav- safety, employed people to follow him ;
ing her under the protection of a but they were soon distanced by him
matron, he retired into a recess, and who fled from a pursuer swifter than
there gave himself up to his own devour any--from thought. His conduct, how-
ing thoughts. Perceiving, at last, that ever, suddenly changed. Struck with
many were leaving, he roused himself, the idea that he left by his absence the
and entering another room, found his whole of his friends, with a fiend amongst
sister surrounded by several, apparently them, of whose presence they were un-
in earnest conversation ; he attempted conscious, he determined to enter again
to pass and get near her, when one, into society, and watch him closely, an-
whom he requested to move, turned xious to forewarn, in spite of his oath,
round, and revealed to him those fea. all whom Lord Ruthven approached
tures he most abhorred. He sprung with intimacy. But when he entered
forward, seized his sister's arm, and, into a room, his haggard and suspicious
with hurried step, forced her towards looks were so striking, his inward shud-
the street: at the door he found himself derings so visible, that his sister was
impcded by the crowds of servants who at last obliged to beg of him to ab-
were waiting for their lords; and while stain from seeking, for her sake, a so-
he was engaged in passing them, he ciety which affected him so strongly.
again heard that voice whisper close to When, however, remonstrance proved
him-“Remember your oath!"-He did urvailing, the guardians thought pro-
not dare to turn, but, hurrying his sister, pe to interpose, and, fearing that his
soon reached home.
mind was becoming alienated, they
Aubrey became almost distracted. If thought it high time to resume again
before his mind had been absorbed by that trust which had been before im.
one subject, how much more completely posed upon them by Aubrey's parents.
was it engrossed, now that the certainty Desirous of saving him from the in-
of the monster's living again pressed juries and sufferings he had daily en-
upon his thoughts. His sister's attentions countered in his wanderings, and of pre-
were now unbecded, and it was in vain venting him from exposing to the ge-
that she intreated him to explain to her neral eve those marks of what they con-
what had caused his abrupt conduct. sidered folly, they engaged a physician
He only uttered a few words, and those to reside in the house, and take constant
terrified her. The more he thought, care of him. He hardly appeared to no-
the more he was bewildered. His oath tice it, so completely was his mind ab.
startled him ;-was he then to allow this sorbed by one terrible subject. His
monster to roam, bearing ruin upon his incoherence became at last so great, that
breath, amidst all he held dear, and not he was confined to his chamber. There
avert its progress ? His very sister might he would often lie for days, incapable
have been touched by him. But even of being roused. He had become ema-
if he were to break his oath, and dis- ciated, his eyes had attained a glassy


1819.)
205
The Vampyre; a Tale, by Lord Byron.
lustre;- the only sign of affection and wed this monster, for he_ But he
recollection remaining displayed itself could not advance-it seemed as if that
upon the entry of his sister: then he voice again bade him remember his oath
would sometimes start, and, seizing her he turned suddenly round, thinking
hands, with looks that severely afilicted Lord Ruthven was near him, but saw
ker, he would desire her not to touch lim. Do one. In the meantime the guardians
" Oh, do not touch him-if your love and physician, who had heard the whole,
for me is aught, do not go near him!" and thought this was but a return of his
When, however, she inquired to whom disorder, entered, and forcing him from
he referred, his only answer was- Miss Aubrey, desired her to leave him.
“ True! true!" and again he sank into a He fell upon his knees to them, he im-
state, whence not even she could rouse plored, he begged of them to delay but
him. This lasted many months : gra- for one day. They, attributing this to
dually, however, as the year was passing the insanity they imagined had taken
his incoherences became less frequent, possession of his mind, endeavoured to
and his mind threw off a portion of its pacify bim, and retired.
gloom, whilst his guardians observed, Lord Ruthven bad called the morning
that several times in the day he would after the drawing room, and had been
count upon his fingers a definite number, refused with every one else. When he
and then smile.
heard of Aubrey's ill health, he readily
The time had nearly elapsed, when, understood himself to be the cause of
upon the last day of the year, one of it: but when he learned that he was
his guardians entering his room, began deemed insane, his exultation and plea-
to converse with his physician upon the sure could hardly be concealed from those
melancholy circumstance of Aubrey's among whom he had gained this in-
being in so awful a situation when his formation. He hastened to the house of
sister was going next day to be married. his former companion, and, by constant
Instantly Aubrey's attention was at attendance, and the pretence of great
tracted; he asked anxiously to whom. affection for the brother and interest in
Glad of this mark of returning intellect, his fate, he gradually won the ear of
of which they feared he had been de- Miss Aubrey. Who could resist his
prived, they mentioned the name of the power? His tongue had dangers and
Earl of Marsden. Thinking this was toils to recount-could speak of himself
a young earl whom he had met with in as of an individual having no sympathy
society, Aubrey seemed pleased, and as- with any being on the crowded earthi,
tonished them still more by his express- save with her to whom he addressed
ing his intention to be present at the himself ;-could tell how, since he knew
nuptials, and desiring to sce his sister. her, his existence had begun to seem
They answered not, but in a few mi- worthy of preservation, if it were merely
nutes his sister was with him. He was that he might listen to her soothing
apparently again capable of being affected accents;--in fine, he knew so well how
by the influence of her lovely smile; for to use the serpent's art, or such was the
he pressed her to his breast, and kissed will of fate, that he gained her affec.
her cheek, wet with tears, flowing at tions. The title of the elder branch
the thought of her brother's being once falling at length to him, he obtained
more alive to the feelings of affection. an important embassy, which served as
He began to speak with all his wonted an excuse for hastening the marriage,
warmth, and to congratulate her upon (in spite of her brother's deranged
her marriage with a person so dis- state, which was to take place the very
tinguished for rank and every accom- day before his departure for the con-
plishment; when he suddenly perceived tinent.
a locket upon her breast; opening it, Aubrey, when he was left by the phy-
what was his surprise at beholding the sician and his guardian, attempted to
features of the monster who had so long bribe the servants, but in vain. He asked
influenced his life. He seized the por- for pen and paper; it was given him; he
trait in a paroxysm of rage, and tram- wrote a letter to his sister, conjuring her,
pled it under foot. Upon her asking him as she valued her own happiness, her
wly he thus destroyed the resemblance own honour, and the honour of those
of her future husband, he looked as if now in the grave, who once held her in
he did not understand her-then seizing their arms as their hope and the hope
her hands, and gazing on her with a of their house, to delay but for a few
frantic expression of countenance, he hours, that marriage, on which lie de-
bade her swear that she would never nounced the most hcavy curses. The


206
A Pedestrian Tour round Florence. (April 1,
servants promised they would deliver it; be followed up by others of a similar
but giving it to the physician, he thought description. My correspondent's first
it better not to harass any more the excursion was made towards the close
mind of Miss Aubrey by, what he con- of last autumn, from Florence, and is
sidered, the ravings of a maniac. Night thus described :
passed on without rest to the busy in- “-- I received a letter from V-
mates of the house ; and Aubrey heard, about three weeks ago, informing me
with a horror that may more easily be that he was very ill at Rome, and adding
conceived than described, the notes of that the season had been so bad there,
busy preparation. Morning came, and as to have affected, more or less, all the
the sound of carriages broke upon his English residents in that city. He there
ear. Aubrey grew almost frantic. The fore determined to visit Florence vià
curiosity of the servants at last overcame Sienna, at which latter place he thought
their vigilance, they gradually stole away, of staying a week, and proposed that I
leaving him in the custody of an help- should miect him there, when we might
less old woman. . He seized the oppor- pursue our studies together during the
tunity, with one bound was out of the above period. I immediately accepted
room, and in a moment found himself his invitation; and having prepared a
in the apartment where all were nearly small portinantcau, with a little wearing
assembled. Lord Ruthven was the first apparel, instruments, &c. I set off next
to perceive him: he immediately ap- day in a vettura, a vehicle not unlike
proached, and, taking his arm by force, your hackney coach of London. We
hurried him from the room, speechless started at four in the morning, and
with rage. When on the staircase, Lord reached Sienna about six in the after-
Ruthven whispered in his ear_“ Re- noon; having dined at Poggibonsi, which
member your oath, and know, if not my is about twenty-six miles from Florence.
bride to day, your sister is dishonoured. This road is extremely interesting, and
Women are frail!" So saying, he pushed a continued series of hilly country, in-
him towards his attendants, who, roused terspersed with villas, hamlets, and cot-
by the old woman, had come in search tages,affording many beautiful prospects.
of him. Aubrey could no longer sup. However, as you approach Sienna, the
port himself; his rage, not finding vent, scenery becomes rather flat, and the
had broken a blood-vessel, and he was soil more sterile. The neighbourhood
conveyed to bed. This was not men- of this city is also subject to frequent
tioned to his sister, who was not pre- shocks of earthquakes; and although
sent when he entered, as the physician these counteract, in some measure, the
was afraid of agitating her. The mar- charms of the climate, they have rarely
riage was soleinnized, and the bride and been known to do much injury. For.
bridegroom left London.
tunately, on my arrival at Sienna, the
Aubrey's weakness increased ; the innkeeper informed me, that I was just
effusion of blood produced symptoms of in time to witness a brilliant fête, which
the near approach of death. He desired was to be given that very evening to the
his sister's guardians might be called, grand duke and his court. Of course,
and when the midnight hour had struck, I did not fail to visit the Piazza Grande,
he related composedly what the reader or great square, the scene of the in-
has perused-he died immediately after tended celebration. I found there an
The guardians hastened to protect immense crowd of people assembled, not
Miss Aubrey; but when they arrived, less than thirty thousand. The piazza
it was too late. Lord Ruthven had dis- of Sienna is peculiarly favourable to the
appeared, and Aubrey's sister had glut- display of such a spectacle, as there is
ted the thirst of a VAMPYRE!
a wide foot-way all round it, which rises
by regular steps to the height of eight
A PEDESTRIAN TOUR ROUND FLO feet above the arena in the centre, give
RENCE.
ing to the whole very much the appear-
MR. EDITOR,
ance of an amphitheatre: so that the
IF the following extract of a letter
from one of our young countrymen,
* There must be some mistake here, for
who very laudably occupies himself, dur-
Sienna itself hardly consists of 10,000 inha.
ing bis intervals of relaxation from se-
bitants, and the whole of the district does
verer studies, in viewing the scenery and
not contain the other 20,000; so that we
manners of Italy, be thought worthy of must imagine every individual from the sep-
a place in the columns of your enter- tuagenarian to the child in swaddling clothes,
taining miscellany, it will most probably to have been present.-ED.


1819.1
207
A Pedestrian Tour round Florence.
THIS
spectators, of whatever age or stature, some years ago in the neighbourhood,
inay see what is going on, without the and is from the chisel of a Grecian art-
least inconvenience. Amongst the ar. ist. Nothing can exceed the perfect
chitectural curiosities of this spot, is harmony of the grouping and disposition
the Palace of Justice, with its tower, of the figures in this fine specimen of
one of the finest in Italy. It was built art; so that I need scarcely add, how
in 1325, from the designs of the cele- gratified I was on so unexpectedly seeing
brated Agnolo, and preceded that of it under the roof of a Christian temple!
Florence, so generally admired by tra- In another part of the town there is
vellers. Opposite the palace there is a a second public library, containing a well
fountain; the houses which surround chosen collection of books, among which
the piazza are also noble edifices; among I found several that treated on architec-
these, the Sansedoni, Chigi, and Saracini ture. Annexed is a very insignificant
palaces are most conspicuous. No museum, in which some casts from the
sooner had his highness the grand duke antique, and a few medals, are shown.
and suite, made their appearance at the The theatre, which adjoins the Palace
balcony of the Palace of Justice, than of Justice, was designed by Bibbierra,
the fire-works began; but after the ex- and, from its form no less than its de-
hibitions of this sort, which I had wit- coration and general arrangement, prov-
nessed at London on the peace of 1814, ed extremely interesting and worthy of
and in Paris last year at the feast of St. notice. The pieces represented were,
Louis, the tortuous forms of circles, the second act of a celebrated opera by
squares, triangles, and polygons, twisted Paër, and also another second act of
into all the various combinations which Rivale di se Stesso, by Weigl. The
geometry could suggest, little tended to music of the latter pleased me much
impress on my mind that splendour and more than that of the former; though,
brilliancy of effect, which drew forth to say the truth, it was extremely diffi-
such excessive admiration and applause cult to judge of the comparative merits
from the surrounding multitude. The of either, as a very villainous company
pigmy fête of a little Italian city, and of performers rendered the harmony
that a provincial one, may well be thought most inharmonious ; the prima donna is,
contemptible when compared with those however, an exception to this sweeping
of the two greatest eapitals in the condemnation, for she possesses a very
world. The happy country people who good voice, aided by considerable talents
attended on this joyful occasion, were, and taste.
however, lost in wonder; they could There are, as in most Italian cities, a
not sufficiently praise the bel vedere, number of churches at Sienna; though,
and seemed at a loss which to admire excepting the cathedral, and that of the
most, the glittering cortége of their Augustines, by Vanvitelli, none are
prince, or the hissing feur d'artifice. very remarkable for their architectural
The cathedral of Sienna, which was beauty. The principal masters, whose
built in the beginning of the fourteenth productions decorate the convents and
century, pleased me exceedingly; the churches of Sienna, are Pietro Perugino,
agreeable arrangement of the plan; a Romanelli, and Carlo Maratti. The
certain richness of well-chosen orna. houses, once inhabited by St. Catherine,
ment, the superb aisles, together with and the famous Socinus, both of whom
a religious gloom which pervades the are claimed as natives of the Sicnnese
whole, are extremely favourable to the territory. During some severe shocks
impressions of awful veneration and re- of an earthquake, which was felt at this
spect, which such an edifice should in- place in 1798, some of the public edi.
spire. Every part of this fine building fices suffered from their effects. Seve.
is incrusted with black and white marble, ral of the public walks, in and about
while the interior is also richly decorated Sienna, are extremely pleasant, and the
with paintings and sculpture. The pave- character for affability and politeness,
ment is beautifully worked in mosaic, which its inhabitants have long enjoyed,
representing historical and other sub- is by no means exaggerated, when the
jects. Even the pulpit vies in richness capital of a flourishing republic, and the
of marble and brilliancy of decoration formidable rival of Florence in the thir-
with the rest of the pile, and is greatly teenth century. This city is said to have
admired by all visitors. In the adjoin-contained nearly a hundred thousand in-
ing library, ornamented with the fres- habitants; these have now dwindled into
cos of Pinturicchio, there is a very beau- less than a fifth of that number-such
tiful group of thc Graces; it was found are the vicissitudes to which the once


208
A Pedestrian Tour round Florence.
[April 1,
celebrated republics of this delightful bedded room, but provided the mattrass
and persecuted country have been ex- be a good one, and the traveller takes
posed.*
care to lie with his pistols, this is a
Having continued three days at Sien- mere trifle. After having walked twen.
na, and seen its principal curiosities, ty-nine Italian miles, it is needless to say
without there being any sign of V-'s I slept uncommonly well, till five next
appearance, it was time to think of re- morning, when I was on my way to
turning to Florence ; but from some in- Arezzo, where I arrived at ten in the
formation collected in the course of my forenoon. This little walk I performed
enquiries at the first named place, I de- with much difficulty, though only twelve
termined to go back by a circuitous miles: but my limbs were so painful
route, which would enable me to visit from the preceding day's exertion, that
Arezzo, and some celebrated monaste- I might be said rather to have crept than
ries, particularly those of Alvernia, Ca- walked. I observed a remarkable coin-
maldoli and Vallambrosa. The excur- cidence in all the towns during the above
sion tbus planned included a distance of journey ; that of their being built on
about one hundred and twenty miles; the most elevated situations, and gene-
but from the greatest part of that which rally at the point of a peaked bill. I
I now intended to traverse, leading know not whether such situations were
across the country and over some moun- chosen for their greater salubrity or ele-
tainous tracts, it occurred to me that I vation,* which was so favourable to de-
could not do better than save all the in- fence in those unhappy periods of the
convenience of going in one of their Florentine history, when wars and civil
crazy vetturas, or riding on horseback, tumults were so prevalent. Whatever
by turning pedestrian, after the example may have been the cause of this peculiar
of so many English travellers in this locality, it gives great interest to the sur-
country. I therefore packed up the rounding scenery, which is replete with
portmanteau, and sent it back to Flo- the most beautiful points of view. I ex-
rence, having previously put a shirt, perienced the greatest kindness through-
some drawing utensils, and a case of pis- out the first part of my pedestrian ex-
tols in my pocket. Thus equipped, on cursion, particularly from the peasan-
Wednesday the 26th, at five in the morn- try, who offered me fruit, bread, wine,
ing, I left Sienna by the Porta Pisani, or a glass of water, according to the
and arrived at Monte Sansovino about means afforded by their humble posses-
seven in the evening. This town is not sions. The whole country is extremely
more than twenty-four miles from Sien- fertile and well cultivated, though moun-
na, but I had unfortunately missed my tainous; at one time I found myself on
way at Castel Nuovo, where I break the top of a lofty eminence, commanding
fasted, and proceeded five miles before an extensive view, with numerous rich
the blunder was discovered; so neces- valleys beneath me; at another I passed
sary is it to be cautious in continuing through some of these, which were sur-
your enquiries when travelling through rounded by hills whose sides were en-
the more unfrequented parts of this ro- riched with the choicest productions of
mantic region. The sun was perfectly nature, such as the vine, corn, and olive,
scorching during the whole of the day, sometimes a rippling stream accompa-
which, added to the badness of the road, nied my steps, and the rustic bridges,
and lofty series of hills I had to go over, which were here and there thrown over
rendered my journey more than com- it, rendered the scene truly picturesque
monly fatiguing. At Monte Sansovino, and interesting.
I entered an osteria, or public inn, where Monte Sansorino is situated in the
a fowl(or rather the bones of one) was Val di Chiana: to go to Arezzo you
placed before me; this, together with pass through this valley and cross a
sallad, bread, wine, and a bed, cost me ridge of mountains. It is built on the
the enormous sum of eighteen-pence! I summit of a small, though lofty eminence
was certainly obliged to sleep in a four- at the foot of still loftier ones, which
- bound the vale. This place contains
* Pisa, Arezzo, and Sienna, were once as
about ten thousand inhabitants, and
populous as Florence is at the present mo-
ment. When free by commerce and inde-
* These elevated situations were chosen
pendence they were individually more power-
ful than Florence is backed by these cities,
by the feudal barons before the establish-
Dow reduced by slavery to so deserted a
ment of the republics, and when conquered
state that grass literally grows in the streets.
by them, they were fortified as defences upon
ED.
the frontiers of their petty dominions. -Ed.


1819.)
209
A Pedestrian Tour round Florence.
seems to be extremely poor; indeed one truly great man, and terminates with the
is pestered with beggars at every step. period of his death. Amongst the pro-
In 1800 it was sacked by the French, of jects of the French for improving the
whose rapacity many stories are told. internal communication of this country,
I visited all the churches and other ob- the new road between Arezzo and Sini-
jects of curiosity, so that I had a very gaglia on the Adriatic, which was partly
good opportunity of examining the prin executed in their time, but is now dis-
cipal works of Giorgio Vasari, who was a continued for want of funds, it is pre-
native of this town; and not only cele. tended, deserves particular notice ; for if
brated as a painter, but by the history ever completed, it will add amazingly to
he wrote of his predecessors in the same the trading importance of Tuscany, by
profession.
converting it into a species of entrepôt
Arezzo is a populous and well-built and passage for the rest of Italy.*
town, most agreeably situated; but Having devoted a couple of days to
though extremely ancient, its best title seeing whatever was worthy of remark
to celebrity is derived from its having at Arezzo, I left it after dinner on Fri-
been the birth place of Petrarch ;* to day, on my way to Attravaggante, which
whom both Italy and Europe are, in a is twelve miles on the road to Alvernia.
great measure, indebted for the revival I had, however, scarcely got a mile from
of literature. There is a superb edifice the town, when a tremendous storm ap-
in the public square, called i logge, con. peared gathering in the distance; butas
structed from the designs of Vasari, and mine was not a retrograding excursion I
including the custom-house, theatre, determined to brave it, and, as frequently
&c.: the portico before this is remark- happens in this country, the clouds took
bly fine, and nearly four hundred feet in an oblique direction, so that I got clear
length. Many of the churches and con- of the threatened drenching with merely
vents are tolerably well stocked with a few sprinkling drops. For about five
pictures ; but the cathedral is chiefly miles the road continued quite flat; at
remarkable, as a splendid Gothic pile of the foot of the mountains, however,
the thirteenth century, designed by Mar where I came in contact with the Arno,
garolini: it contains several fine pictures it ascended, and I proceeded along the
of the Florentine school, and amongst banks of this river, which on its rocky
others, a chef d'æuvre from the pencil of bed went one way as I travelled the other,
the justly celebrated Benvenuti, a liv- until seven o'clock, when I arrived at a
ing artist. This spirited composition is tolerably good osteria. Here my sup-
on a large scale, representing Judith per was rather of an humble descrip-
with the head of Holofernes: the en- tion; it consisted of bread, cheese, and
graving, executed by a Roman artist, is wine, which, together with my bed, cost
well known in Europe. In the abbey of a shilling. I resumed my journey at five
Mount Cassino there is a famous fresco, next morning. The first place I came to
the Feast of Abasuerus, by Vasari; also was a miserable hamlet called Carberano.
the interior of a cupola in perspective, by Here I had to ascend a very steep hill,
Del Pozzo, one of the most perfect illu- the first of the Appenines; the road was
sions of the kind in Italy. Besides the dreadfully bad, loose stones, large pieces
remains of a Roman amphitheatre, the of wood strewed about it, added to the
church, called that of La Pieva, is a very steepness of the ascent, rendered this
singular edifice, said to have been a part of my walk excessively fatiguing. On
Pagan temple ; and in which an attempt setting out, the mist which hung over the
has been made to introduce all the styles mountains, as yet not dissipated by the
of architecture, without either method sun's rays, chilled me very much; but
or execution. The house in which the the antidote was before me, and by
exquisite poet of Vaucluse saw the light quickening my pace, I soon felt restored
is distinguished by a Latin inscription,
wherein the date of his birth is followed
Arezzo is situated to the east of Flo-
by a well-merited encomium on that
rence, on the banks of the Arno, between
that river and the source of the Tiber. The
Lake of Thrasimene, with its " sheet of
. It can but just boast of the birth of Pe- living silver" to the south, and the river Me-
trarch; for the father of the poet was a *
taurus to the north, both at a trifling dis-
Florentine banished a short time before
tance from each other, and perpetually pre-
with Dante from his native city, who did
senting to the imagination of the beholders
not remain long enough even for Petrarch's
the images of that dreadful fray, beneath
words to be echoed by the walls, as he soon
which “ An earthquake reeled unheededly
went to Avignon.-ED.
away."-ED.
New MONTHLY MAG.-No.63. VOL. XI. 2 E


210
(April 1,
A Pedestrian Tour round Florence.
to a most comfortable temperature, and to enjoy an almost interminable dis-
-reached Alvernia about eleven o'clock in tance. After having supped with the
the forenoon.
other strangers, five or six of the fathers
The above sanctuary was founded by paid us a visit, chatting familiarly with
St. Francis, and served as the third re- us for about an hour, when they took
treat of that celebrated patriarch ; it is their leave. I could not help being
now in possession of the reformed Fran- highly delighted with the polite atten-
ciscans, and crowns the top of one of the tion I experienced on the occasion, it
loftiest Appenines, whose base presents would have, in fact, done honor to the
nothing but a barren and uncultivated most accomplished individuals; every
waste; while the summit is covered with mark of kindness, which hospitality could
verdure and ornamented by tall fir trees. devise, was shown, unaccompanied by
The habit worn by the monks of this the superfluous forms of the world, and
convent is a coarse brown tunic, with a unspoiled by its ostentation. In the
cowl; this garment is tied round the church there is a very fine organ, and
middle by a large white chord, their some exquisite bas reliefs, by Lucca
bcards are suffered to grow, and they go Della Robbia, with a blue ground.
uncovered, except when exposed to the set off at my usual hour next morn-
inclemency of the weather. Sandals are ing, having been previously informed,
the only covering for their feet, so that that as the hospitable reception I had
the tout ensemble of these holy fathers met with was gratis, I oughi not to think
is by no means destitute of the romantic. of offering any money. Passing through
They are extremely abstemious, and re- Bibiena, where I breakfasted, I reached
markable for the severity of their religi- Camaldoli about half-past twelve. As
ous duties. I was received with the I ascended these towering heights, from
greatest attention, and in the course of which the sublimity and grandeur of the
half an hour sat down with two or three Creator's works are so perceptible and
other strangers to a simple repast. In striking, I found my mind more pure,
the evening I took a walk round the my senses more calm, while all my feel-
height that crowns the rock upon which ings assumed a tone of tranquillity never
this sanctuary is built, and from its experienced in the bustle of cities, or in-
loftiest point, enjoved a prospect of the tercourse with society. Is it that the air,
most magnificent description. Immedi- from being more rarefied, tends to purify
ately below me was an immense depth, the intellectual system, and calm the
with the trees projecting from the sidez passions ? Or is it that former habits of
of an almost perpendicular rock; beneath, life, living amidst interested individuals
were scattered a few hovels, and in vari- and a grasping generation, contrasted
ous parts the tivkling of the cattle-bells with the finer sensibilities and warmer
directed my eyes to numerous herds ties of kindred felt amongst the uncon-
grazing in the valley. There were many taminated beings of a higher region,
channels formed by the winter torrents, make the mind assume this delightful
which added still greater interest to the accordance with the general harmony of
scene. The soil is generally sandy, but nature ? Whatever the cause may spring
here and there stupendous masses of from, my wonder is now much less ex-
rock project in wild disorder, and more cited on reflecting, that in these wild
terrific than the sword of Damocles, retreats, far from the haunts of men,
seem to threaten instant destruction to the truly religious, rendered enthusias-
those who pies beneath. Hills without tic by the pomp and imposing ceremonies
number were included in the view ; some of his faith, should be satisfied with his
more fertile than the rest had their sides fate, and quietly remain at once to adore
and summits topped with the pine, ash and contemplate the benevolent omni-
or beech, others in a state of wild uncul- potence of a presiding Deity. Here the
tivated nature, only presented confused pious and humble are removed from the
heaps of rocks and sand, with an occa. petty jealousies of little minds, equally
sional tuit of grass, or solitary tree. upacquainted with the “ law's delay,"
More immediately under the sun, or “ proud man's contumely," and not
which was just setting, an interesting subjected to the specious forms, which
haze gave a beautiful softness to the the time-serving and interested have first
tints of this variously coloured scene,con- created, and finally made the standard of
cealing in gradual depth the farthest virtue! How different is such an abode as
horizon. On the other side, however, that of Alvernia, or the monks of Camal.
the sight was not bounded by this fascin- doli,from the superb edifice near this capi-
ating mediumn, and I was permitted freely tal, La Certosa di Puria, where each of the


(1819.
211
A Pedestrian Tour round Florence.
fathers has a separate suite of apart observe still greater abstinence than
ments, and the few nominal studies im- his brothers of Alvernia. It should, how-
posed on them allow abundant relaxa- ever, be observed, that the French, to
tion from the melancholy monotony of whom Italy is indebted for the sun-
religious ceremonial ; and their church pression of so many monastic establish-
adorned with all the magnificence of art, ments, committed great ravages here on
enriched with marble and ornamented their invasion of Tuscany in 1800 ; since
by the choicest productions of the pencil which period it has lost much of its
and the chisel, resplendent in riches, celebrity. The revenues of this sanctified
arinces a pride of religion and pomp of spot, are derived from tracts of land in
wealth, far different form the ideas in the neighbourhood, mostly covered with
culcated by our more simple profession timber, particularly pines, some of which
of faith. But in the first named abodes, are not less than five feet in diameter at
comparatively insignificant temples, cells the roots.--The fraternity had formerly
clean and commodious, but confined, a a very fine library of classical works,
simple diet, studies suited to their cal- together with many rare inanuscripts ;
ling, bespeak a much greater affinity to both collections were however sold by
the real spirit and simplicity of religion. the French. The principal edifice, which
I cannot, however, but regret the forms this range, is situated half way up
reliance placed in the legends of their a very high mountain, which constitutes
tutelary saints; if they really believe only one of an extensive groupe not
them true, it betrays uncommon credu- quite so lofty : from the top of these,
lity, and if not, proves a degree of im- both the Mediterranean and Adriatic
posture, which cannot be too severely Seas are plainly discerned on a clear
condemned, for they not only impose on morning.
vulgar minds, but go to raise a tax by A Padre Foresterajo or stranger's
means of falsehood and misrepresenta- gaide, with a servant under him, is chosen
tion.
annually to attend the visitors; his duty
The number of monks at Alvernia consists in seeing that their apartments
amounts to nearly a hundred ; those of are kept in order, and fulfilling all other
Camaldoli do not exceed sixty: the necessary attentions enjoined by hos-
former wear their beads, and the latter pitality. I had a handsome suite of
not, though the order of their religious three rooms allotted to me; they were
exercises is the same. At seven o'clock extremely well furnished, and decorated
in the morning all the brotherhood join with some good prints from drawings
in singing the matins, half an hour after, by Hackert. All the monks dine to-
these are followed by a grand mass; gether at noon in the refectory, and
both the above ceremonies are again during the repast, one of the fathers
repeated at nine, and half past; in two reads some passages out of the Bible and
hours more, another chorus is sung, another book, somewhat like our NEL-
this is followed by mass at three; then son's PEASTS, from which a prayer
comes a third full choir at six in the adapted for the day and the life of its par-
evening; the twenty-four hours devotion ticular saint; for in Catholic countries
terminating with the early matins, at I need not tell you that there is one for
half past one in the morning; the latter every day in the year, is also read ;
is of course the most fatiguing part of after the brotherhood have dined, there
their duties, as they are called upon to is a second table prepared for the officers
attend it throughout the winter, when and attendants ; it was at this. I had
the mountain is covered with snow. If the honour of a seat. The same cere-
this lays so thick in the court which mony, by no means the least agree-
separates the church from the cells, a able in a convent, is repeated about
porter gives four knocks at the doors of eight in the evening. Having had the
those whose turn it is to clear it away; good fortune to please the holy fathers,
they never change their garments, nor they were kind enough to invite me,
even take them off when they retire to together with one or two other stran-
rest; the colour worn by the Camal- gers, to take coffee, and chat with them
dolensi friars is white: close to the town in their cells after both the above-
of Camaldoli, there is a range of chapels mentioned ineals. Remaining two days
one above the other called il sacro Eremo, here, which were very pleasantly passed
the holy bermitage; to these are added a in receiving the numerous civilities of
church and an extensive pile of building: my hosts, sketching and viewing the sur.
each cell, for so they may be styled, is rounding scenery, I left the delightful
inhabited by a monk, who is obliged to solitude of Camaldoli, having offered a


212
A Pedestrian Tour round Florence. (April 1,
small tribute on departing ; it was abso- “Thick as autumnal leaves that strew the
lutely refused, though with a feeling of rocks
delicacy that shewed the good part in In Valiambrosa, where th’ Etrurian shades,
which they took my intention. As I High over arch'd embow'r.”—
was leaving the sanctuary the Padre This renowned spot has much more
Rettore, who was once an architect, the appearance of a nobleman's villa
blessed me, and wished me every suic. than that of a religious solitude. As the
cess.
monks have not been re-established on
It was five o'clock in the evening of quite so liberal a footing as their breth-
Tuesday that I quitted Camaldoli on iny ren of Alvernia and Camaldoli, the con-
way to Prato Vecchio, twelve miles off. vent is comparatively in a state of decay;
When on the top of a hill close to the nor did I sec above ten or twelve of the
first named place, instead of turning to fraternity. The revenue of this com-
the right I went to the left, which unfor- munity is principally derived from the
tunate mistake brought on the night, sale of wood and ice; the latter is collect-
before I had proceeded half my way. ed in wells, and sold to the Grand Duke,
Continuing over another mouutain, co who retails it in his turn to the coffee-
vered with wood, evening was closing house-keepers and restaurateurs of Flo-
in fast, and the sun had already disap- rence. Without attempting to diminish
peared behind the distant hills. To be the attractions of Vallambrosa, as it
thus alone, without a guide, and a total possesses many for the lovers of ro
stranger to the country, made me begin mantic scenery and picturesque beauty,
to feel rather uneasy ; not that I feared I confess it did not interest me so much
banditti, as I knew they would prefer as the two former sanctuaries, where,
prowling about a more frequented path, to the charms of nature and novelty,
and if attacked, my pistols would defend were added those of very agreeable so-
me, but the apprehension of wolves, ciety; for although I am satisfied, with
and fear of being obliged to pass the Zimmerman, that nothing tends more
night in some tree, was by no means a powerfully to enlarge the mind and
comfortable reflection. After a good promote virtue than occasional solitude,
deal of despondency, I however revived, something more than “purling streams
my spirits returned, and night having at and shady bowers" are necessary for
length thrown her sable mantle round the solace of a young traveller, who, like
me I was reconciling myself to the gloo- myself, has passed the greatest part of
my scene, and even looking out for a his life enveloped in the fogs, and inhal-
shady tree to climb ; for I could now ing the smoke of London.
with difficulty follow the slightly beaten Haring, therefore, examined the al-
track before ine, when I was most agree- most bare walls of the convent, walked
ably surprized by the sight of a small round the avenues which surround it,
hut on the left. Here I procured a boy and ascended the hill from whence there
to conduct me to Prato, through a thick is another splendid view, 1 took a hasty
wood, as yet two miles distant, and as I sketch, à la Syntar, and proceeded on
did not much like the inquisitive manner towards this place, twenty-one miles
of his father's enquiries, I made a point distant, where I arrived at my lodgings
of following the lad, with a pistol cocked about six o'clock in the evening. This
in each hand, and thus reached the town last journey, whether it arose from habit
in safety
or acquired strength, I know not, was
Prato Vecchio, though greatly cele- performed with the greatest ease, and
brated in the historical annals of the from having got so well over my late
dukedom, is now an inconsiderable excursion, I have determined to proceed
town, but the surrounding plain on towards Rome in the same way: so
which it stands, is a perfect paradise, that you will probably hear from me
both as to cultivation and natural pro- again, on my arrival in the “ eternal
ductions. A small stream, calied the city."
T. L. D.
Chiano, passes near the Prato, giving its
name to a fertile and beautiful valley, SOME ACCOUNT OP THE GOBLET WHICH
already mentioned, and which is con THE UNIVERSITY OP WITTENBERG
sidered the granary of Tuscany.
PRESENTED TO MARTIN LUTHER ON
Leaving the above place early the HIS MARRIAGB.
next morning I soon arrived by a cross-
(With an Engraring.)
road at Vallambrosa, the favourite re MR. EDITOR,
treat of our immortal Milton, thus finely IN the January pumber of the New
alluded to in his Paradise Lost:
Monthly Magazine, I read, with much


1819.]
213
Some Account of Martin Luther's Goblet.
pleasure, the account of the marriage library the cup now is, purchased it for
of LUTHER, extracted from an authentic 100 rix-dollars of the children of Dr.
German work, and preceded by the sensi- George Brockmann, professor of divinity
b'a remarks of your obliging correspon in the University of Greifswald, and
dent. In a note, mention is made of a gift pastor of St. Mary's church, who died
presented by the University of Witten- in 1800. The children received it from
berg, without specifying what it was. As their father, into whose possession it was
every thing connected with so remark- also come by inheritance. He had mar-
able an event in the life of the great ried a Miss Mayer, daughter of the pro-
father of the Reformation is interesting, fessor of medicine, Dr. J. A. Mayer, who
and such a testimony of approbation died in 1726 at Greifswald, and she,
from a respectable public body, is of it. after the death of two brothers, received
self important, I take the liberty of the cup which they had inherited from
sending you the following account. their father, and at her death left it to
It is remarkable, that though contem- her husband. This professor Mayer
porary writers speak of the present of had in like manner inherited this im-
wine and beer given to Luther by the portant relic of Luther's from his father,
senate of Wittenberg, both on his wed- the celebrated superintendant-general of
ding day, and on the public festival a Pomerania and Rugen, and supreme
fortnight afterwards, no trace is to be counsellor of ecclesiastical affairs to the
found in any contemporary work of the King of Sweden. Dr. John Frederick
handsome silver cup presented to him Mayer, who, in 1701, was invited by
on the occasion by the university. King Charles XII. from Hamburg,
The first published potice of it appears where he had been rector of the church
to be in the Novis Literariis Alaris of St. James from 1687, to fill the place
Baltici et Septentrionis collectis Lube- of general-superintendant at Greifswald;
cæ, MDCCIV. Lubecæ et Hamburgi, and who died in 1712 at Stettin, whither
where, page 49, a communication from he had retired on account of the war.
Greifswald says: “In Bibliotheca May. According to a verbal tradition in
eriana quæ singulos in admirationem Mayer's family, he received this cup
rapit, magna cum cura asservantur Acta as a present at Hamburg, where he
colloquii Thorunensis, &c., &c. Ac Do- enjoyed the highest esteem, and was
num illud Nuptiale quod Acad. Witteb. greatly beloved. This is, however,
Luthero, cum nuptias Wittebergæ cele- much doubted at Hamburg, as nobody
braret, olim obtulit."
knows any thing of such a present being
Juncker, and, after him, Walch, in made him there, and no mention is made
Part xxiv. of Luther's Works, published of it in the register of St. James's
by him, p. 150, allude to the passage church, in which the minutest circum-
above quoted, but are unable to give stance relative to Mayer's transactions
any account of the present itself. In with the senate, the citizens, and the
1752, J. H. Von Bathasar, in the second consistory are detailed. It is therefore
volume of the Critical Notices, published probable, either that he brought it with
by J. E. Daehnert al Greifswald, con- him to Hamburg, from Wittenberg,
firms the above account, and says that where he was professor of divinity, or
D. Mayer had two cups ascribed to Lu- that he received it after he had left Ham-
ther, both of which he had seen; one a burg. This last supposition is merely
small drinking cup, for daily use, and founded on a letter written by Mayer
the other, the nuptial present here to the consistory (or rather vestry) of
spoken of. Bathasar gives a description St. James's church, when the citizens of
of it, which was repeated by Walch, page Hamburg urged him to return; in which
27 of the 23d part of Luther's Works, he says that he lived very happily at
which was published later than the 24th Greifswald, that the king greatly ho-
part. Later writers seem to have over- noured him, and had but a few days
looked Bathasar's account, and Walch's before made him a present of a golden
repetition of it; for, in 1813, one of the work of art. Whether this was the gilt
best writers of Germany says it is not cup here in question cannot be decided,
known of what the present consisted and it is, after all, uncertain how Mayer
which was made to Luther by the Uni- obtained this cup.
versity of Wittenberg; and in the Life It is very singular, that those who
of Luther by Ukert, published in 1817, have written upon Luther and the Re-
doubts are expressed on the nature of formation, both in ancient and modern
the present.
times, make no mention of this cup;
The University of Greifswald, in whose and that even Mayer, who wrote so


214
[April 1,
Some Account of Martin Luther's Goblet.

UN ERINDES
OIARTIN
TERUNTS
IN LUT
W. 1. G. E. T.
Marriage Gift of the University of Wittenberg to Dr. Alarthin Luther.


1819.) Supply of the Metropolis with Provision by Water-carriage. 215
much upon Luther, gives no account of cient writers, and of which several are
it in any of his writings.
mentioned in D. Philippi Pinicelli,
The cup is made with great ingenuitymundus symbolicus idiomate italico con-
in the style of the age to which it be- scriptus, justo volumine vero auctus, et
lorgs. including the lid, it is about in latinum conscriptus a R. D. Au-
three quarters of an ell (18 inches, Eng- gustino Erath. Colonia Agrippince.
lish) high, of solid silver, richly gilt MDCLXXXVII. Part I. p. 570-574.
within and without, except some smaller It were to be wished, that some per-
ornaments, which, it seems, are pur- son would examine the archives of the
posely left, without gilding, to give University of Wittenberg, and if he
them relief. It weighs 812 oths, nearly found any thing relative to the history
45 ounces English, as marked by the of this cup, make it public.
artist, under the foot, in the manner re-
presented in the plate. The foot of the OUTLINES OF A PLAN POR EPPECTING
cup is a quarter of an ell round, and on AN ORGANIZED SUPPLY OF THE ME-
the border is inscribed the following in TROPOLIS WITH PROVISIONS BY
scription :--
WATER-CARRIAGE.
DIE LÖBLICHE VNIVERSITET DER- Collaterally with the establishment of
CHVRF. STATT WITTENBERG VERE- an improved system of hydro-agricul-
HRET dises BRAVTH GESCHENKE H. D. ture, and partly farming, proposed to
MARTINO LUTHERN VND SEINER IVN-
GPRAVW KeTHE VON BORE, ANNO 1525. sions and profitable occupation more
DIE MARTIS POST. FESTVM: IOHANNIS plentiful, it would certainly be a most
BABTISTÆ.
desirable addition to our stock of im-
The body of the cup holds about two provement, if appropriate means could
pints, is narrower below than above, be devised of conveying them afterwards
and so ingeniously contrived, that it is more cheaply to market than heretofore.
hardly possible to drink it out. The T he already vast, and still rapidly in-
ornamental foliage is in filagree work, creasing state of the population of the
and not entirely gilt; but the birds metropolis, now estimated to contain
and branches round the upper part a million and a quarter of inhabitants,
are engraved. Above these the lid as taking its immediate vicinity into ac-
begins, round the edge of which count, affords satisfactory evidence, ac-
there are gilt ornaments in filagree cording to the course of nature, of the
work. Inside of the lid is screwed great demand for provisions for their
the silver medal, which was coined in subsistence, which must be constantly
1630, on occasion of the centenary of existing on the one hand ; and, on the
the confession of Augsber. This medal other, the calculating commercial cha-
has doubtless been fixed to the lid to racters of London will be at no loss
replace another which was originally duly to conceive, that if each member of
there, and had been lost; for medals this community be suffered to expend
are frequently found fastened to the five shillings per week in provisions, the
lids of ancient cups. Upon the lid is a annual returns upon them will be up-
small ornament supporting a vine branch, wards of sixteen millions sterling ; and
which last bears a little knob in the consequently, if on the articles which
shape of an oblong apple, with an open- vary in their respective relations from
ing at the top, in which are seen some 5 to 50, and even in some instances 100
small grains or seeds. It seems intended per cent. 64 per cent. were saved to them
to represent a flower or a fruit, but this upon the average on this sum in their
cannot be positively affirmed, still less housekeeping disbursements, by more
what flower or fruit is meant. It is, judicious arrangements than those now
however, likely, that some fruit or flower in existence being adopted, it would
was intended, to which a particular sym- constitute a pecuniary advantage to
bolical meaning was attached, and that them of a million sterling per annum in
the artist worked after his own fancy, this important department of family
and not from an original of the flower economy : besides the further advantage
or fruit which he was ordered to make. they would reap from it, commercially,
Now this ornament seems most to re- in being thus placed more on a footing
semble a pomegranate ; and it is not with their country rivals as to the terms
wholly improbable, that the university, on which business could be done accord-
in ordering the artist to introduce it, ing to their respective rates of living.
had in view one of the symbolical mean- The actual scale of prices which exist in
ings given to the pomegranate by an- town, and in various parts of the coun-


1819.) Supply of the Metropolis with Provisions by Water-curriugc. 217
and an important acquisition to the plated to be so largely used for pastry
interests of the metropolis itself. This purposes, as being at once an agreeable
may soon be explained. Malden is the and convenient mean of their transport,
nearest sea-port which we have -- it is ation to town froin the interior of the
an intermediate sea-port between the country, will be had, and as such, they
metropolis and the North Seas, from will come all the cheaper on that ac-
whence both coal and fish are brought count. As to the eligibility of subse-
to the London market; which will proba- quently continuing this navigation to
bly afford the means to vessels to make Thetford, the recommendations in faveur
three voyages thither to two, with the of this measure are substantial: the line
disadvantages, as well of the greater dis- of communication between them will not
tance, as of getting up the river to en only be as straight as an arrow, but it
counter; and consequently the navigation will comprehend Bury St. Edmund's,
expences upon articles imported there likewise as another station, which again
may be computed as being one-third less is situated so near the termination of
on that account; nor does the duty on the Stowmarket and Ipswich navigation,
eoals, which is payable on their importa- that by this hiatus being filled up the
tion into the port of London attach whole of that course of country might
there. Fish again, is a perishable article, enjoy the benefit of aquatic communica-
and therefore to be able to land it a day tion and conveyance. It would also pass
or two sooner must ever be an object of through the unpavigable part of the
consideration; for here there is not only river Stour, so that but a moderate ex-
the extra distance, but the ever uncer- pense would be necessary to open its
tain state of the wind, concerned in the communication with Harwich, the most
question. Besides which, all ialets from convenient port we have for intercourse
the sea, whether natural or artificial, with the more northern continental-
of course supposes a tide concomitant ists. It fortunately so happens, by
with it; and the existence of a tide gives a remarkable coincidence, that the pro-
the means of employing it, secundem prietary near Diss have just announced
artem, in working corn and other mills their intention of making their river
less expensively than by the steam power navigable in this part; so that upon the
which is so much in use about town. whole it may be said that the instances
Should this plan ever be put in execu- are very rare, if indeed they ever occur.
tion there will then be four distinct com red, where the natural and artificial ad-
munications with the sea ; a circum- vantages of so large a track of country
stance of no mean account, as convert- would be combined at so small a compaa
ing grain into flour is concerned, as well rative expense, compared with the ad.
as upon other considerations, as affects vantages derived from them. It is a
the interests of the soil, the means of still more remote consideration as to
employing sea-water for irrigation pur- the propriety of continuing this na-
poses from one end of the canal, and vigation from Thetford to Norwich,
bringing back manure from the other and thence to Cromar, where already
end as back-carriage, instead of its being a respectable fishery is established,
made the prime object as lately purposed. from which the neighbouring parts of
And again, of furnishing a cheap supply the country down as low as Cambridge
of bran, pollard, malt coombs, and pos. are supplied: but this is a most conve-
sibly oil-cake, also, to the intermediate nient rendezvous for receiving supplies
parts of the country supposed to be oc- of fish from the great Dogger Bank,
cupied as milk and poultry farms. The would render the whole complete as far
advantageous means then of grinding the as regards this district, where nature has
corn imported by inland and marine already done so much, and art so little.
navigation into flour-of disposing of its As a general answer to the often urged
refuse-the cheaper supply of fuel, to- objection, that butcher's meat is a pe-
gether with the lower rents and wages of rishable article which can only be convey-
labor incident to country residences, ed to considerable distances at particular
all concur to point out the elegibility of periods of the year, it is to be observed,
the situation as a bakery also ; particu- that a patriotic character, long expe-
larly as by continuing this canal in a rienced in curing herrings, has commu-
straight line to Thetford in the manner nicated the information to the Society
proposed, by that station being consti- for the Encouragement of Arts, Ma-
tuted the principal butchery of this dis- nufactures, and Commerce, that a pickle
trict, the means of obtaining both the composed of twenty-eight parts salt, of
meat and the fruits, which are contem- seventy-two parts water, will preserve
NEW MONTHLY MAG --No. 63.
Vol. XI, 2 F


218 Supply af the Metropolis with Provisions by Water-carriage. (Aprill,
all kinds of animal substances for a con- and might be disposed to think they
siderable length of time. But the pro- could do better there. For the grazier
posed system does not confine itself to to have thus not only two strings to his
sending meat to town in its raw state bow; but what, most likely, he will
entirely; but on the contrary, contem- value still more highly, the means of
plates the metropolis being furnished selling his own cattle, instead of being
with it from professional manufactories, obliged, by present circumstances, to
in a cured, potted, and cellared state, consign them to the professional drover,
also, as well as being enveloped in and the Smithfield salesman, to be sold
pastry in the walled pies so fitted for at hap hazard, according to the fluctu-
popular use; so that families who may ating state of the market of the day:
wish occasionally to save themselves thc this must necessarily be so much more
trouble of cooking, may always have agreeable to his feelings, as a man of
the means of doing it. Before quitting business, there is little doubt but that,
the northern part of the map, it is to backward as people usually are in chang-
be observed, that Uxbridge stands in as ing old habits even for better ones, the
favourable a relation for receiving inland conveniency of this establishment will
supplies, and preparing them for the be so manifest to them, they will hail it
use of the west end of the town, as with pleasure, and countenance and
Malden does for the eastern district of support it accordingly. The territorial
it: being already a sort of depôt for corn proprietary to the south west of the me-
and flour, and having the means, by its tropolis will naturally be desirous of
aquatic connection with the northern having their share of the advantages of
collieries, of purchasing its coal at the supplying London with provisions by
best hand : and as such, it will be eligible aquatic communication: for this their
as the home provision factory of this situation affords a double advantage ; it
district. The aquatic roads of both is locally well adapted to the purpose as
these stations ought, in order to fur- to vicinity, and it can boast of a finer cli-
ther improve their acquired artificial ad- mate than the more northerly aspects ;
vantages, and accommodate the town at which will turn to good account, both as
the same time, to be constituted into a to the fertility of the soil, and as forming
inilky way, with a constellation of ewes, agreeable residences in that part of the
asses, and goats, marking the course of country. From an attentive considera-
the galaxy. Roots and green food might tion of circumstances, it appears to us,
be brought from the remoter parts of that Dorking will form the most proper
the country for their maintenance, if situation for the home depôt of these
the valuable land of these districts could parts; for it is not only central for
be turned to like account as garden this part of the country, but from
situations and poultry farms: but at all thence too it is a remarkable straight
events, these supplies would tend to line of communication throughout the
swell the returns of the poultry farms, whole intervening country, by Whit-
and enrich their lands at the same time: church, Warminster and Frome, to
while milk boats substituted in the place Bridgewater Bay; where a most con-
of milk maids, and carrying loads of this venient and profitable connection with
heavy article in combination infinitely Ireland might, in due process of time,
beyond any human corporeal powers, be opened, as taking a full view of the
might deposit their rich supplies of this subject: but in the mean time it would
useful, agreeable, and nutritious beve. pass through an improveable part of the
rage, periodically, at stated hours, at a country, at present very thinly popu-
general lactarium to be provided for the lated, and therefore affording the greater
purpose; from whence the milk women advantages to the redundant part of
Inight continue their present functions our fast increasing population to settle
in distributing it amongst their cus- there. To shew the immediate pro-
tomers. Stoner Stratford seems to be spect which exists in present circum-
the most eligible spot to fix upon for the stances, of this redundancy of population,
out station, and butchery depôt: inas. we need only to advert to the astonish-
inuch as it is in the heart of a merelying fact of our population having been
agricultural district: and again, is con- actually found to have increased during
veniently situated for receiving supplies the last ten years, which the last census
of Welch cattle, which might then pur. comprehended from eleven and a half
sue their way to Smithfield whenever to fifteen millions : if such were the
their owners were dissatisfied with the immediate fruits of the introduction
market pricos of this intermediate one, and practice of the vaccination system


1819.] Supply of the Metropolis with Provisions by Water-carriage. 219
D
amongst us, even in a period when the be radical advantages, surpassed by no
nation was engaged in an extensive war- situations, and equalled by few, if any;
fare, it is fair to infer from the ascending cheapness, compactness, combination and
series of increase, which must be its division of labour, compose the elements
natural consequence, that if the annual of successful competition in commercial
increase of our population be not al- concerns, and particularly in the manu-
ready half a million, it will very soon facturing department of them. No
reach that number, and will again spee- where can provision be consumed upon
dily surpass it. Not to branch out too such cheap terms as where they were
extensively upon this copious subject, if grown: nor is land to be had any where
we were briefly to suppose as an hypo- upon more advantageous teris, ac-
tbetical case, that this natural increase cording to its intrinsic value, than in a
only of inhabitants, were to settle here thinly inhabited district : but granting
and colonize these parts, without being that when the supply of London
aided by “ all the unsettled humours of with provisions by water carriage is
the land," who feeling themselves un- perfected, that the difference between
easy in their present situations from a town and country prices will be little
variety of causes, would wish to better more than the additional expences of
themselves in life if they knew how, their carriage to town and of their sub-
by establishing themselves elsewhere sequent sale by the various dealers in
with more favorable prospects of pro- them; still the inhabitant of London
moting their welfare, it would require can never disengage himself of the mill-
no great sketch of arithmetic to shew, stones of high rent and parochial taxes
that in the short space of three years which hang about his neck, so as to
oply, this new colonization alone, with place himself in a situation of tolerable
out taking the old inhabitants of these comparison with the countryman, where
parts into account, would exceed the in the first instance building ground is
present existing population of the me often twenty times more reasonable in
tropolis, vast as this is now deemed: the terms of its purchase ; and in the last,
and as such, a double number of where all his assessments to the poor-
mouths are to be provided with their rates fall almost entirely upon household
daily fare, houses built, and furniture property, for want of that quantity of
made accordingly, for the new settlers, landed property to bear the bruntof them
besides. The very prospect then of which it is the characteristic of country
promoting their professional welfare, or situations to possess. In the same
making the most of a confined income, way will all the advantages of compact-
which might induce a numerous popu- uess, and combination and division of
lation to settle on these lines of com- labour, be had in an eminent degree,
munication with a great and rich me. in all the varied articles which are
tropolis, will in effect answer the same made of leather, felt, and feather, where
purpose as if it were actually a reality; the animals which produced the mate-
for as the sons of industry live by one rials were killed upon the spot; and
another, so as a numerous community where also all the different departments
be but collected together, it matters little are equally ready at hand to go through
as to what cause it was owing that they with their business, without any inter-
congregated there. But as increased mediate land carriage: as well as when
numbers in society must settle some all the branches of the provision trade
where, upon a natural principle, we may in millers, malsters, brewers, distillers,
conclude, that where the flowerets are cooks, picklers, confectioners, and poul-
most plentifully to be found, thither try dealers, are likewise upon the spot:
are the bees most likely to assemble. all of which are additional considerations
When the principle of this doctrine is to the agricultural part of the concern,
established, the degree whether this in which so large a scope of employment
event will take 3, 13, or 30 years, to will be furnished by the land itself, when
accomplish, is but of secondary conse- it is cultivated solely by human labour,
quence; though still important as build- advantageously exerted through the
ings and fruit-tree plantations in anti- newly invented mechanical means, in
cipation of it are concerned. But it the manner proposed. The balance
will be easy to shew that the prospect of of trade must ever be in their fa-
individual professional welfare, both in vour as to the pecuniary part of the
agricultural and commercial pursuits, subject, without the Londoners having
being here promoted, is of the most ra- it in their power to help theinselves in
tional and substantial kind; for here will this particular. A new system of inland
ilm


220
Madame de Stael on the Life and Writings of Camoens. (April 1,
navigation will also be speedily submitted passions are frequently allied to great
to public attention.
natural talents, and the life of Camoens
was alternately a prey to his sentiments
ON THE Lipe AND WRITINGS OF LUIS and his genius. He was banished to San-
DE CAMOENS. BY MADAJIE LA tarem, owing to some disputes in which
BARONNE DE STAEL HOLSTEIN. he was engaged through his attachment
- [We have been favoured by an esteemed to Donna Catarina. T'here, in his exile,
friend at Paris, with the following hitherto he composed several detached poems
unpublished essay of the celebrated Madame expressive of the state of his feelings,
de Stael, and we feel considerable pleasure and it is easy to trace the history of his
in being enabled to announce, for the future
life in the various impressions which
life
numbers of our Magazine, several pro-
ductions of no less interest from the same
appear in his works.*
"
distinguished pen.-ED.)
Reduced to despair, he enlisted as a
LUIS DE CAMOENS, the most cele-
soldier, and served in the fleet wbich the
brated of the Portuguese Pocts, was
Portuguese sent to attack Morocco.
born at Lisbon in 1517.* His father
He wrote verses even amidst the fury of
was descended from a noble family, and battles, and, by turns the perils of war
his mother was connected with the animated his poetic genius, and exalted
illustrious house of Sà. He pursued
his military ardour. He lost his right
his studies at Coimbra. The directors eye by a musket ball before Ceuta. On
of education in that City thought no.
his return to Lisbon he hoped at least
thing worthy of estimation in literature
that his wounds would obtain for him
except the imitation of the ancient some reward, though his talent might
writers. The genius of Camoens was remain unnoticed; but notwithstanding
inspired by tie history of his native
his two-fold claims to the favour of the
country, and the manners of his age: government of his country, incon-
his lyric poems, in particular, like the ceivable obstacles awaited him. The
works of Dante, Petrarch, Ariosto, and
envious frequently possess the art of
Tasso, belong to that description of lite- destroying one merit by another, instead
rature which was revived by Christianity,
of exalting both, and making them re-
and to the spirit of chivalry rather than
flect mutual lustre on each other. Ca-
a purely classic taste. For this reason,
moens, justly indignant at the neglect
the partizans of the latter, who were he experienced, embarked for India, in
extremely numerous in the time of 1553, and like Scipio, bade adieu to his
Camoens, bestowed but little approba-
tion on his early productions. Having stances so directly similar ; both having
finished his studies, he returned to Liso encountered the arbitresses of their fate at
bon, where he conceired a violent at the same period of the year, in places of reli-
tachment for Donna Catarina de Attaide, gious worship, and it is no less remarkable,
One of the ladies of the Palace.t Ardent that the principal feature in the subsequent
event of their lives should also have been
The place of his nativity has been as alike; we allude to the death of the objects
certained by his frequent application of the of their affection. They both endeavoured
epithet paternal to the Tacus; but the to heal their lacerated bosoms with the
precise time of his birth is involved in con- balm of fancy, and each ha, Jelt imperish-
siderable obscurity. By an entry in the able records of the sincerity of his love,
register of the Portuguese India House, it and the depth and party of his regret.- ED.
would appear to have taken place in 1525, It is stated that having returned to
as he is there stated to have been twenty- Lisbon before the period of his banish-
five years old in 1950. The same document ment was completed, he basked, for a time,
mentions him as one of his son's sureties, once more in the sunny smiles of his fair
and consequently living in 1560.--ED. mistress; but his happiness was doomed to
i op Camoens was introduced to the know. be of short duration, he was detected,
ledge of his mistress Catarina de Attaide iu driven back to Santarem, and the term of
the church of Christ's Wounds" at Lis. his exile prolonged. Furia y Sousa V del
bon, on Holy Thursday, 1542; and the far P. $ xiv.--Ep.
famed Petrarch first beheld Laurette de † In addition to his misfortunes he found
Sade, whom he has immortalized under the upon his return, that his mistress was no
name of Laura, in the church of the monas. more, she died at the age of twenty, and thus
tery of St. Claire, at Avignon, on Good escaped the miseries to which she must
Friday, 1317. It is a coincidence worthy have been exposed, had she lived to share
of notice, that these two celebrated poets the lot of her neglected and hapless lover.
should have received the impetus of their Her name, however, will always be pre-
genius--and love has ever been considered served by the wild flowers with which he has
as the inspirer of poetry ander circum- so gracefully and tenderly entwined it.-ED.


1819.] Madume de Stael on the Life and Writings of Camoens.
221
country, protesting that not even his stop Gama just as he is about to double
ashes should find a grave in it.*
the Cape of Good Hope. The remain-
On his arrival at Goa, in India, one der of the poem is supported by the art
of the most celebrated Portuguese settle- with which Camoens has mingled the
ments, his imagination was struck by the narrative of Portuguese history with
achievements of his countrymen in that the splendour of poetry, and the devo-
ancient quarter of the world, tand though tion of christianity with the fables of
he had so much reason to complain of paganism. He has been blamed for this
them, yet he celebrated their glory in combination; but, in the Lusiad, it does
an epic poem. But that vivacity of not appear to produce any discordant
imagination which creates great poets, impression. Christianity is the reality
is incompatible with the moderation of life, and Paganism the ornament of
necessary in a dependant situation. festivals; and there is a sort of delicacy
Camoens was disgusted at the abuses in not employing that which is sacred,
practised in the administration of the even from the sports of the imagination.
affairs of India, and he wrote a satire on Besides, Camoens. had ingenious mo-
the subject which gave such offence to tives for introducing mythology into his
the Viceroy of Goa, that he exiled him poem. He took a pleasure in calling to
.to Macao. Here he lived for several inind the Roman origin of the Portu-
years, having no society, save a skv, even guese ; and Mars and Venus were con-
more magnificent than that of Portugal, sidered not only as the tutelary divini
and the luxuriant scenery of those ties of the Romans, but were also re-
Eastern regions which are justly deno- garded as their ancestors. Fabulous
minated the cradle of the world. history attributes to Bacchus the first
At Macao be wrote the Lusiad, and conquest of india ; and it was therefore
perhaps, considering the peculiar situa- natural to represent him as being jealous
tion of the author, the poem might be of the enterprize of the Portuguese. I
expected to present more boldness of am, however, of opinion, that this in-
conception. The subject is the expedi- troduction of mythology, together with
tion of Vasco de Gama to India, an en- some other imitations of classical works,
terprise which had never before been destroy the originality of the pictures
attempted: the parts most generally which we might expect to find in a poem
known are, the episode of Ines de Castro in which India and Africa are described
and the appearance of Adamastor, the by one who had travelled through both.
genius of storms, who endeavours to A Portuguese may be less struck with the
natural beauties of the south than we
: * How different is this exclamation to the should be; but there is something so
following pathetic apostrophe of a self-exiled wonderful in the disorders, as well as the
Bard of the present day:
beauties of the ancient parts of the
- I was born where are proud to be, world, that we eagerly seek for a detail of
Not without cause; and should I leave be their peculiarities ; and perhaps Camo-
hind
ens has conformed too closely in his de-
The inviolate island of the sage and free scriptions to the received theory of the
And seek me out a home by a remoter sea, fine arts. The versification of the Lu-
Perchance I loved it well; and should I lay siad is so charming and dignified in the
My ashes in a soil which is not mine,
original language, that not only the
My spirit shall resume it-if we may
Portuguese of cultivated education, but
Unbodied choose a sanctuary.--
iv Canto. C. Harold.
w even the common people know several
+ Madame de Stael has omitted to men-
of the cantos by heart, and repeat them
tion that Cameons engaged in, and materially with enthusiasm. The unity of interest
contributed to the success of an expedition in the poem consists, above all, in the
against the Pimenta Isles, carried on by the patriotic sentiment which pervades the
king of Cochin and his allies, the Portu- whole. The national glory of the Por-
guese; a modest recital of which is to be tuguese is there revived under every
met with in one of his elegies. Shortly form which the imagination is capable of
after, Manuel de Vasconcelos was appointed depicting. It is therefore natural that
to conduct an armament to the Red Sea; he Camoens should be admired by his own
was accompanied by our poet, who with
countrymen more than by foreigners.
:
that intrepid thirst for information, which Th
The charming episodes of Tasso's Jeru-
forms one of the characteristics of true
genius, explored the wild regions of Africa. salem delivered, must ensure to that
by which Mount Felix is surrounded, and poem universal admiration; and even
thus fitted himself for entering into those were it true, as some German critics
delightful descriptions which so constaptly have affirmed, that the Lusiad presents
occur in his Lusiad.-ED.


222
Madame de Stael on the Life and Writings of Camoens. (April 1,
stronger and more faithful historical Camoens, on his return to Goa was
colouring, yet the fictions of the Italian persecuted by a new Viceroy, and con-
poet will always render his reputation fined for debt. However, sume friends
most briliant and popular.
offered to become his sureties, and he
Camoens was at length recalled from was permitted to embark. He returned
exile. Whilst returning to Goa, he was to Lisbon in 1589, sixteen years from
shipwrecked at the mouth of the river the period at which he had quitted
Mecon in Cochin China; but he swam Europe. King Sebastian, who had yet
ashore, holding in one hand, above water, scarcely attained the age of manhood,
the manuscript of the Lusiad, the only felt interested in the fate of Camoens,
treasure he saved from the devouring and accepted the dedication of his epic
waves, and which he valued higher than poem. The king was about to com-
his own life.* This consciousness of mence an expedition against the Moors,
one's own talent is a commendable trait, and he discerned more acutely than an-
when it is confirmed by posterity; for other would probably have done, the
in proportion as unfounded vanity is genius of a poet, who, like himself, could
contemptible, that sentiment is exalted brave every danger for the sake of
which assures a man of what he really glory." But one might almost say that
is, potwithstanding the efforts made to the fatality which attended Camoens,
discourage him. On reaching the shore, brought about the overthrow of his
Camoens commented, in one of his lyric country that he might perish beneath its
poems, on the celebrated psalm of the vast ruins. King Sebastian was killed
daughters of Sion in exile, (super flu- at the battle of Alcaçar before Morocco,
mina Babilonis.t) When he set foot on in the year 1578.+ By his death the
the soil of India, where the Portuguese –
had settled, he fancied himself already
* Camoens according to Faria printed his
returned to his native country; for the
Lusiad in 1572. In the opening of the
first book he inscribed the volume, with
idea of country eonsists of fellow-citi.
an elegantly turned compliment, to King
zens, language, and all that revives the
Sebastian, then in his eighteenth year. Mr.
recollections of our childhood. The in-
Mickle, however, upon apparently good
habitants of the south are attached to grounds, seems to doubt the generosity of
external objects, those of the north to the King, and to consider the story of the
customs; but all mankind, and particu- pension granted to the poet, as related by
larly poets, when exiled from the land the French translator, not only untrue but
which gave them birth, like the women improbable; at all events Correa and others,
of Sion, suspend their lyres on the weep-
cotemporary with Camoens, have omitted to
notice it. Besides, when King Sebastian un-
ing willows which border the foreign
dertook the Moorish expedition, he select-
shore.
ed a person of paltry and despicable abilities
Friendless and unknown, it was his
named Diego Bernardes, and took him into
good fortune to meet with a most humane Africa for the purpose of witnessing and
Africa for the on
reception from the natives, whom he has celebrating his exploits. This does not
immortalized in that heautifully prophetic
tally with the discernment ascribed to him
song in the tenth Lusiad.-Having named
by Madame de Stael ; had Canoens, indeed,
Mecon, he goes on:
been as highly favored as is represented,
Este recebera placido, e brando,
and in fact the protege of the monarch, it
No seu regaço o Canto que molhado, &c.
is much more likely that he would have
Literally thus: “On his gentle, hospitable
chosen him, who describes himself as alter-
bosom (sic brando poetice) shall he receive
ereira nately wielding the pen and the sword.- ED.
the song, wet from woeful unhappy ship-
of His successor Cardinal Henry was one
wreck, escaped from destroying tempests,
to whose eyes « the cowl of monkhood
from ravenous dangers, the effect of the
seemed a more graceful ornament than the
unjust sentence upon him whose lyre shall
noblest laurels of the Muse.” (Strangford's
be more renowned than enriched.”—ED.
Camoens.) Against this contemptible
being, Mr. Mickle has expressed himself in
of Lord Byron has given a fine paraphrase
of this Psalm in his Hebrew Melodies be-
terms of strong butthonest indignation; and
in the edition of Camoens published at
ginning
Lisbon in 1782, there is an attempt to vin-
We sat down and wept by the waters
dicate his character from the charges
Of Babel, and thought of the day, &c. brought against it by the ingenious trans-
This, however, was not the case with lator of the Lusiad. But it only serves to
Ovid; though after his banishment his muse attach fresh odium to a name already
was devoted to little better than the expres- sufficiently despised. The favourite poet
sion of pitiful lamentations; nor need we of this wretched bigot, and the only one he
to look far among ourselves for another ex., thought proper to patronize, was Francesco
ception to the rule.-ED.
de Si, a writer, as Sousa informs us of


224
(April 1,
Memoirs of the late Peter Gale Faux..
tions indeed. She must already have circumstance that occurred in our neigh-
distressed about two millions of his Ma- bourhood.
jesty's subjects in the extreme, and
THE MIRACLE.
drawn as much water from their eyes as In a certain old chamber (if authors say
two stout girls could extract from a right)
pump in the course of four hours. The With a certain old window that gave in the
poets talk of a swain's augmenting a
light,
brook with tears--that is all stuff'; but
An honest old Cobler, and Bridget his wife,
really the aggregate of lachrymal effu-
Had quarreld through forty long years of
their life ;
sion which she must have caused, would But she, for a wonder, was wanting in prattle,
swell a tolerable rill to uverfiow. I have So Johnny had always the best of the battle.
no notion why any lady should thus A lad who lived just in the neighbouring
make a trade of agitating to hysterics a court,
number of respectable people whom she One night, coming home primed with negus
never saw in her life. This is my opi of port,*
nion of her performance; and, more- Stuffed up their old window with paper and
over, she falls far short of Mrs. Siddons.' hay,
- Why, have you seen Mrs. Siddons ?' To trick them at norn, by excluding the
asked 1.– Ay, fifty times,' said he.-
day.
• Was it in London?' I cried, somewhat
Next morn, then, without having dreamt of
the joke,
astonished.-No,' replied he very cool. At the usual hour the old couple awoke;
ly; it was in an old Magazine.' I But finding all darkness, they nestled once
have recorded this conversation to show
more,
the reader what profoundly philosophi. Yet couldn't, were they hang'd for it, sleep
cal speculations this surprising young as before.
man could deduce even from the most They tried every posture-lay crooked and
unpromising subjects.
flat,
By this time he had acquired a high Now turning to this side-then tossing to
tone of friendship for my fair spouse,
that;
who, nevertheless, took a flat dislike to
Till the wife, with impatience, beginning to
him, and in our private conferences, Cried. Johnny, my life. I'm as hot as the
snivel,
hinted that he made much too free with
Devil!
her. I, however, knew a great deal "As the Devil ?' cried Johnny,'that same is
better than she, that he did not, inas-. a lie,
much as I had it from the first authority But the Devil was never so red-hot as I.'
the poor young fellow himself. It is Thus saying, he gropd for his clothes in
certain he loved to rally and frolic with the dark,
her a little bit now and then. If she Then grop'd for the door, and at last hit the
complained of a head-ache, he used re-
mark ;
gularly to say something quite pat about But judge his amazement, when dazzled and
blinking,
a heart ache; if she mentioned a man's
Old John got a view of the sun as 'twas
having got a broken head, it was followed
sinking:
up on his side by a broken heart, and so "Wife! wife! here's a miracle! see, I
the fun went on, and I used to laugh protest
like any thing. One day, indeed, he had The sun is a-rising full smack in the west!"
offended her rather seriously, by cutting This poem I consider as a master-
off a lock of her hair, which she demand-
piece of attic elegance. The astonish-
ed back with considerable vehemence ;
ment of old John, his truly natural, and
whereupon he walked coolly to the ink.
perhaps, habitual exclamation of wife !
stand, and instantaneously indicted the
wife!'- his protesting so earnestly the
following exquisite epigram:
force and beauty of the word a-rising-
. On one sole condition could I be e'er led,
than which nothing could more appo-
With this beautiful ringlet to part;
sitely express the supposed line of pro-
I would gladly relinquish the lock of your gress then prosecuting by that well-
head,
known luminary-the sun ; and, lastly,
Could I gain but the key to your heart.'
the intense phrase of full smack, at once
Whereupon she was mollified, or as he
more prettily expressed it, maryfied.
* Peter used to say, that post-wine negus
As I have given the reader one speci
was mentioned by Milton in his Paradise
men of his taste in poetics, I shall super-
Lost, viz.
add another, which he composed upon a
• From th' empire of Negus to his utmost
Port.'


1919.]
225
Memoirs of the late Peter Gale Faux.
$0 stunning and conclusive-all are in buried, and deeply lamented by a pame-
the very first style of trưe poetry. rous and respectable acquaintance for
It was about a fortnight after his ar- the fourth part of a century. Sir,
rival in the metropolis that an event took England departed this life on the 18th
place, which gave to his future life its of June, 1815. On that day was the
bent and its colouring, and which ulti- battle of Waterloo fought; and, what is
mately urged him forward to this glo- remarkable enough, on that day I be-
rious struggle for liberty.
came a bankrupt. All her resources
He had heard somewhere of a place were expended upon this single enter-
called “The Forum,' where a number of tainment; the last penny she could rap
extreme patriots were in the nightly and rend together was laid out upon this
habit of assembling and debating. One one munificent massacre ; and she has
evening he importuned me so earnestly now retired from the murdering busi-
to accompany him thither, that I could ness, corered with glory and ditch-
not find refusal at all practicable. Ac water, crowned with bank-notes, en-
cordly thither we repaired, and seated robed in debentures, and with no re-
ourselves on a bench, amidst a numerous source upon earth but angular parlia.
and brilliant assemblage of patriotic ments and universal sufferings. A na-
pastrycooks, high minded bakers, and tional bankruptcy must therefore soon
sentimental tobacconists. A pulpit stood take place, and then her utter destruc-
in au elevated position at the head of tion must ensue. I see you are all
the room, wherein sat a presiding chair moved; I see your sides shaking with
man. Soon after our entrance this per- the retortion of your tender sensibi.
sonage stood up, and read the question lity. Far be from me the gauzy gos-
for that night's discussion : ' in what sainer gewgaws of oily declamation, or
year of our Lord is it probable that the the heterogeneous combination of poly-
ruin of Old England will arrive at its syllabical ratiocination. I have done.
utmost point of completion?' I was grey-headed, thin old gentleman,
thunderstruck hy this interrogatory. stood up, after this speech, and thus
Never having meddled in politics, I could began :
not but feel both astonished and shocked Mr. Chairman,
at even the bare supposition of an event, It appears to me, that the learned
which, however, the assembly present gentleman in the dirty shirt, rose be-
appeared to look upon as quite a settled cause he had nothing to do, and sat
thing, and set about discussing with the down because he had nothing to say.
greatest comfort and satisfaction. The He seems to have talked of combination,
first orator who rose was a highly-talent- and of ratiocination, and of his own
ed chandler, a fiorid subject, with a good nation, with equal knowledge and with
deal of superfluous person on his limbs, equal applicability. What he means by
and with a bald sconce, which shone angular parliaments, I know not, though
under the lustre like a celestial globe. the angle does not appear to be a very
He thus addressed the meeting : --and acute one ; but as to the universal suffer.
as my friend Peter mnade his first expe- ings which he would fain bestow, since I
riment in stenography on this occasion, cannot believe that he would blunder by
I am enabled to hand down the whole design, I must conclude that he spoke
speech to ages yet unborn.
right by mistake. He begins his speech
Mr. Chairman
with declaring, that the ruin of England
· The question which you have just is already accomplished, and he ends it
done us the honour to read from the by proposing a remedy to save her from
chair is one that would have been admin that ruin. She was first buried by the
rably well calculated for discussion about undertaker with all proper formality,
twenty years ago; because, at that time who afterwards coming in the capacity
we should not have committed the fla- of a resurrection man, to dig her up,
grant anachronism, which we are now finds her alive and merry, Sir, when-
doing, by debating when a thing is to ever I hear these patriots talk of Eng-
happen, which has already happened; land's approaching ruin, I console my-
by giving to the past tense the powers self with the reflection, that her patriots
of the future; by calling upon anticipa- have talked just in the same strain for
tion when we ought to resort to retro. the last five hundred centuries. I have
spection ; by making that speculative read pamphlets, which prove to a de
which is already a fact; and, in finc, by, monstration, that she must be de-
as it were, enquiring after the health stroyed about the time our great grand-
of a person who has been dead and fathers were within two kings' reigns of
New MONTHLY MAG. -No. 63. Vou, XI. 2 G


2:26
Memoirs of the late Peter Gale Faut. [April 1,
being born. But, Sir, my firmi opinion Custom-house ; there you will find a list
is, that she has not yet seen her acme of her exports and imports ; and let
of prosperity, and that she probably will these figures of arithmetic silence your
not for another hundred years. She is figures of speech. One might dispute
not, even now, near so wealthy as an- for ever in metaphor, simile and peri-
cient Rome was under the Caesars, phrasis; but there is no such thing as
and I sincerely trust she never will; arguiug against one, two, three, and
for if England ever falls, she will fall by four. But her expencer, probably you
excessive wealth, not by poverty. We will answer, have increased during that
should dread our descendants being time in a greater proportion to her
clothed in gold, not being blauketed in acquisitions than when she was poor.
woollen; we should fear for their ener. I reply, that I would rather succeed to a
vation by superfluity, not for their de- property of five thousand a year, and
pression by want. True, she has pay four thousand a year for my bar-
contracted an enormous debt; still this gain, than remain with an income of
is a domestic one; her people owe money five hundred pounds, and pay nothing at
to each other, and though they cannot all. As for radical reform, I must just
pay it, yet she is not herself one penny tell you an anecdote, and have done :-
the poorer. You complain of an useless The people of a little village in Italy,
war-you say that she might have were persuaded by their priest, that he
avoided it, and that had she done had so much influence with heaven, as
so, she would now be out of debt and even to call down rain from it whenever
out of danger altogether. To argue he chose. A dry season came, and the
from what is, to what might have farmers waited upon him to beg the fa-
been, may do very well for pathetic theo. vour of a few showers. The parson
rists, and answers admirably for those was posed. But parsons are not often
patriots, who, having failed to predict at a loss:- Friends, said he, I shall cer-
with precision about the future, have tainly indulge von with a cloudful when-
nothing for it now, but to decide, by a ever you please, so now retire together,
sort of retrospective vaticination, upon an'l fix the day among you. They re-
the past. For my own part, I would tired; but none of them could agree.
say that had she remained an incrt One inan thonglii sunday would answer
spcctatress of the contest, she would best for his crops; another fancied
probabiy bave shared the fate of Prussia, Tuesday; a third delighted in Wednes-
who, after sitting quietly by to husband day, and a fourth had a wondrous
her resources, at length stalked forth to penchant for Saturday. The conse-
battle with awful energy, and was con- quence was, that they found it was just
quered in an hour. But, Sir, omitting as impossible to decide upon the day they
this useless point of discussion, England wished for rain, as the parson would have
got into war--leedlessly if you like found it to procure the rain. The mo-
it, but got out of war gloriously, ral of my story is, that no two of our
whether you like it or not. While all patriots can agree upon the sort of re-
the other powers were alternately over- from they would desire, and that even if
run by hostile myriads, she alone pre- they did, it would be of a nature just
served her sacred altars from pollution as impracticable as drawing down rain
che alone saw ber harvests untram- from heaven. -
pled by the armed hoof of overwhelining
(To be continued.) i
squadrons. And think you, then, she
could have enjoyed all these blessings ON THE FLUCTUATIONS OP PASHION-
gratis? Are you astonished that she
ABLE PHRASEOLOGY.
could not save herself and the whole THE lovers of science have long been
world besides, without some privations, unanimous in wishing that the nomen-
some little inconveniences-- nay, without clature of each branch of physical know-
some gigantic calamities ? But, after all, ledget-which at present is subject to
why talk of her losses at all, when we every change of system and caprice of
consider her gains since the first com- theory--should be accurately defined and
mencement of the war, her cominierce, determined. Whilst the chemist and
in despite of all bankruptcies and Milan the geologist are bewildered in the maze
decrees, has increased progressively and of confused terms and contradictory de-
prodigiously, nay, almost to one-tifth of finitions, the linguist is no less perplexed
what it had ever been before. To prove by the fluctuations to which language is
this fact, and in answer to all theory, I perpetually liable. He who would make
would only refer you to the ledger of the every such shift of literature, and each


1819.) Fluctuations of Fashionable Phraseology.
227
returning tide of prevalent idioms-who and night into day. To become a mem-
would ascertain when such and such ex- ber of this fraternity it is only neces-
pressions first appeared in the hemi- sary to renounce three things, namely,
sphere of polite education -- how long your knowledge, your senses, and your
they flourished, and at what period they character; which trifling sacritices are
were pronounced obsolete, would not not, to persons of stvle, worth one sha-
find it the work of a day; for there will dow of regret; though, like the secret
always be some tenacious and obstinate of free inasonry, none but the initiated
grammarian, perversely loth to part can conceive the sublimity of those gra-
with one phrase in his vocabulary, and tifications, which that style affords, in
resolute to procure a short respite for lieu of these minor considerations. By
some devoted term. But he who is am- some ignorant pretenders, it is true,
bitious of keeping a regular account of that this acceptation of the word style
every new track and channel into which has been detined-an irresistible hurri-
the stream of fashionable conversation cane of dissipation, sweeping away thou-
may chance to meander, will find it still sands of men and women, with their fa-
more difficult, although he may be urged milies and fortunes, into a whirlpool of
to proceed in the undertaking in the mischief and ruin ;-and have referred
fond hope that he may rank in the beau the curious in such investigations to the
monde, as Johnson does among lexico- In-olvent Act, now happily on the eve
graphers, and Rees among the lovers of of being abolished--the Ol Buley-the
art and science. This indefinite phrase- Fleet Prison--the King's Bench -Holy-
ology is as absolutely unintelligible to rood Tlouse, and the Isle of Man ;-to
the classical as to the vulgar. it varies the annals of Newgate, to St. Luke's
with almost every season, and the definic Hospital, and to various cases of suicides,
tion and acceptation of many words in for proofs of its effects.
the vocabulary of fashion for 1810 are Bore. It would be troublesome to
as different in 1819 as the dialects of ascertain the precise period that gave
Spenser and Southey among the poets. birth to this comprehensive epithet; it
In their own element these phrases are has, however, outlived the little existence
mere birds of passage ; it may be enter of most of its brethren, and may still be
taining to arrest a few of them in their taken in nearly the same acceptation
flight, and, without attempting to sub- that was common to it twenty years
mit them to any regular classification, to ago. A bore, like an estate in law, may
compare them with their predecessors, be either real or personal; the first re-
and examine what meaning they convey fers to good advice, long sermons, and
at this period. Some of the most prorational conversation ;-the latter to the
minent peculiarities of this eccentric jar. whole race of parents and kinsfolk--to
gon-- which, at the present æra, nearly all who suppose they have a natural
approximates with what is elsewhere,de- right of authority, or a natural claim to
nominated slang-are as following. civility;--and, above all, to wives and
The modern Dandy has usurped the creditors!
place of the Bear, the Buck of former Noboily-One who lives like a christian
years. Its external character--a pair and behaves like a gentleman.
of stays-high heeled boots-short waist A i Home--What was formerly called
--starched cravat-narrow brimmed hat a rout, assembly, &c., where none of the
-sans sense, sans brains, sans wit, sans comforts of home are enjoved; but where
every thing that a man should possess. a multitude of well-dressed people, who
Its specific character-vast self import- do not care a rush for each other, are
ance-selfishness the ruling principle - stuffed into one or more rooms, without
affecting to despise all men and all things the possibility of seeing, hearing, or
not within the pale of the Dandy com- conversing at ease,-at the house of a
munity, exactly as they are unaffectedly friend, who would not care half a rush
despised by all wise and respectable per if they were all at the bottom of the
sons.
sea.
That which has been successively term- Man of Honour. Any person whose
ed the Tor, the Go, &c. is now denominat nerves are sufficiently firm to stand fire.
ed Style. It is the unerring compass by Affair of Honour. Cannot be defined
which allconcerns in the system of fashion --consequence, generally deliberate inur-
are to be steered, and that improvement der.
of ignorant nature which prescribes new Cards. Something to do for those
courses to the seasons and elements, who have nothing to say; it were well
which would turn summer into winter, if the definition ended here. Truth and


228
On the Currents and Whirlpools in the Straits of Messina. (April 1,
experience must add ;-a means of break- copies there are no originals-that be-
ing the Sabbath-ruining fortune--ex- cause fools and knaves are to be found
terminating principle, and entrapping in the great mass of civilized society
the unwary to their ruin.
we may search, with Diogenes, for an
To swell. To drink champagne when honest man-in vain!
you have not money to pay for small
beer- to run after foxes one day, and ON THE VARIOUS CURRENTS AND
away from bailiffs the next. To talk APPARENT WHIRLPOOLS IN THE
of your stud at Newmarket, when your STRAITS OP MESSINA.
watch is in the hands of the pawn- THE waters in the Straits of Messina
broker!
are, as is well known, impelled by a
Chaperon. This term is derived from strong current, varying in its direction
the French, and signifies a hoodaa shel. according to the period of the tide,
ter for the tender plants of celibacy sometimes setting from north to south,
from the storms of dissipation, the in- and sometimes from south to north.
sidious blasts of saneamish sentiment, Many writers, both ancient and modern,
and the mal aria of Aattery. In former have noticed this phenomenon, but no
times it was a sort of female scare-crow one has as yet described the circum-
which guarded the blossomis of beauty; stances attendant upon it, or traced the
the idea supposed to be borrowed from causes by which they are connected to-
the storv of the dragon which chaperoned gether. The poets invented Scylla and
the golden apples in the Hesperian gar- Charybdis, and historians, copying from
den; but by a late edict in the empire them, have affirmed in their works the
of fashion - which has confined this existence of the rocks of Scylla, and the
office to those who have entered the whirlpool of Charybdis. Spillanzani, to
holy state of wedlock-it has lost this the best of our recollection, was the first
exclusive character; since the young who, by his observations, proved the idea
and blooming bride - the gay and buxom so long entertained of this whirlpool, to
widow are, now, frequently seen to cha- be erroneous, but he was unable to dis-
peron the single gentlewoman of fifty- cover what produced the violent agita-
four--the unprotected miss of sixty- tion of the waters visible in many parts
three! Akin to this contradiction and of the Straits, or by wbat force vessels
misapplication of terms, is another abuse were frequently hurried along by the
of language, which cannot be too se- impetuosity of such agitation, and dash-
verely reprobated; it is that of ascribing ed against the neighbouring rock. It
the faults of particular members of a may not, therefore, be a useless labour
profession to the profession itself, by to distinguish and link together the
means of instituting a set of cant principal phenomena of these currents;
phrases, to denote insufficiency or de to explain the cause of the formation of
merit in the several learned bodies; and the whirlpools, and the different results
having succeeded in affixing such ideas of their action under different circum.
to the words, they are indiscriminately stances.
applied to the professions themselves. The channel of Messina is narrowest
Law and medicine have long been sub- at the Pharos, where its breadth may
ject to this contemptible and mischievous be about a league. If we look in an
practice, nor has the sacred function of oblique direction through this opening,
the minister of the gospel escaped-and the view is bounded by the rocks of
the appellation of Parson is associated Scvlla, which apparently shut up the
with Quack and Pettifogger, for the mouth of the strait in that direction.
purpose of throwing ridicule and con. But if from the Pharos we approach
tempt upon their respective callinge. Messina, as we proceed, the sides of the
There is another class of men exposed channel diverge, and after passing Mes.
to this paltry malice, and all who em- sina, the strait widens perceptibly, till it
ploy their time and talents in endeavours opens to the main sea. The Messinese
to improve the understanding correct have given to the current the Greek
the will--and expose the prevailing vices name of Rema, and when it sets from the
and follies of the age, are stigmatised north, they call it Rema discendente ;
as Scribblers. That many have engaged when from the south, Rema montante.
in such undertakings who are unequal But whether the rema flow north or
to the task-that others have perverted south, several currents may always be
splendid talents to mischievous pur- observed at no great distance from the
poses, is too true: but as well might it shore, running in an opposite direction
be urged, that because there are vile to the main stream; that is to say,


1819.) On the Currents and Whirlpools in the Straits of Messina. 229
when the rema sets to the northward causes such repulsion of the water, so
these currents run in a southerly direc- many reflui or contrary currents will be
tion, and vice versâ. This singular fact, produced. And these are seldom ob-
which must strike every one who atten- served far distant froin the shores of the
tively surveys the Straits, deserves to be channel, because it is by the action of
considered, since, in our opinion, it is the the water on the sides that they are
principal cause on which all the other formed.
phenomena of this current depend, and Nor can the winds apparently have
from which they proceed.
any influence on the formation of the
To explain the reason of these con- reflui; for whether the air be calm or
trary currents, which are called reflui, not, whether the wind be favourable or
we must take for granted that the two adverse to the stream, these currents are
sides of the channel are, as they appcar constantly visible. Indeed we cannot
to be, irregular, and intersected by nu- with probability assign a certain and in-
merous creeks and bays.
variable result to an uncertain and vari-
If it be true, as some assert, that both able cause. The action of the wind can
shores were formerly united, it may be produce no other effect than to modify
easily imagined that this irregularity the velocity of these currents. If the
may have been caused by the violence of wind blow in the direction of the stream,
the shock which split and separated the latter will be impelled with greater-
them. But without taking this into our impetuosity against the shores, and
consideration, it will be obvious that therefore the reflux will certainly pos-
the cliffs on either side have been partly sees a greater impulse than would have
dissolved, or washed away by the vio- been the case if it had not been aided by
lence of the waters which have been for the wind; and if the wind blow in a coni
centuries, and are still sapping their trary direction to the rema, the latter
foundations ; nor is it possible that gra- will paturally strike the shores with less
nite, the common basis of the mountains impetus: but the reflui which are formed
of Calabria and Messina, can have re- will not only be impelled by their re-
sisted, uninjured, the incessant action of maining power, but also by the favour-
the waters, which in the course of ages able action of the wind. The formation
will destroy, or at least produce a vast of the reflui therefore being independent
alteration in almost every natural pro- of the wind, can only result from the
duction. We know also that the rocks irregular and cavernous shape of the
of Scylla are hollowed into numerous shores.
caverns, among which the water rushing This explanation, which to some may
in, circulating and bursting out again, appear solely theoretical, is, however,
produces that noise which, according to confirmed by observation. The Remni
Homer, resembles the barking of many montante, in the course of the year, is
sometimes more, and sometimes less
Admitting the shores to be thus irre- rapid than the Rema discendente. The
gular and cavernous, we may easily con- points from which the rema enters the
ceive that the waters impelled by the channel, as the Messinese pilots affirm,
current, striking them obliquely, a re- vary according to the season of the
action will be produced, and the mo- year; but notwithstanding these varia-
mentum of the impulse be divided into tions the direction of the reflui is al-
two distinct powers, one of which ways the same. As a proof of this, the
being a direct recoil, will be annihi- above-mentioned pilots, when they see a
lated; the other, flying off in a ship, through the unskilfulness of the
direction equal to the angle of that in captain, caught into one of these reflui,
which it was impelled; therefore the cap instantly point out the exact spot
current of water, after striking the whither the vessel will be irremediably
shore, will be repelled in a given angle, carried. This uniform direction of the
and be urged on in its new direction by reflui, amid all the variations of the cura
the moiety of power which remains. Now rent, clearly refers their cause to the
if the current, after this first repulsion, only constant and unchanging objects
strikes the side of a second or third pro- the form of the shure. Besides, it is
jection, then from the second or third well known that the rapidity of the
angular obliquity a current may result reflui decreases in proportion as the
directly contrary to the main stream. strait widens, although the rema con-
As many, therefore, as are the points tinues in all its former activity ; because
in which the isregularity of either side these currents must necessarily lose their
dogs.


230
Onthe Establishment of a Public Market for Literature. [April 1,
force in proportion as that force is ex- forces. But if one of these forces should
tended over a larger space, and as their decrease, it follows that the other being
distance from the points whence they more active and remaining victorious,
were repelled increases.
will drive the ship against the shore,
As the direction of the reflui is in- where it will, most probably, be dashed
variably the same, so it is always in the to pieces. This is also the reason why
same parts of the strait that the waters the most dangerous whirlpools in the
appear to form whirlpools ; both thus straits are situated but à few yards
shewing by their constant position, the distant from either shore.
chain which connects them, and their By the irregularity therefore of the
mutual relation to each other; for sides of this channel are produced the
wherever the reflui meet the current of reflui, and by these again the apparent
the stream, a violent agitation must whirlpools, and all the dangers of the
necessarily be produced, and where navigation of the Straits near the Pharos.
many reflui meet the current in an ob- The skill of the Messinese pilots consists
lique direction, a circular motion will in nothing further than their knowledge
take place similar in appearance to that of these currents, and of the best man-
of a whirlpool.
ner of avoiding them or extricating a
Observation will strengthen this sup- vessel from them. Fortunately, the
position. The whirlpools are found close direction of them is always the same,
to the shore, because the currents do not, and the art of the pilots being founded
as before stated, extend to any distance upon a certain and invariable basis, sel-
from land. They are formed in the dom if ever fails.
narrowest part of the channel, because in These remarks were drawn up during a
this part the retlui are stronger and recent residence of some days at Messina.
more numerous. In fact, they are for Our intention was to have traced a map of
the most part near the Pharos and the the irregularities of the coast, in order to
Lanterna, and are scarcely perceptible have proved more clearly the truth of our
more to the southward, where the hypothesis; but want of time prevented
channel widens and the reflui lose their us from carrying this design into effect.
force.
We shall, however, feel gratified to see
After this we can no longer be sur- our ideas corrected or better expressed
prized at the effects produced by these by some one, who, with more leisure, may
whirlpools in the Straits of Messina. hereafter be induced to examine the
When a ship is inadvertently drawn phenomena of these straits.
into one of them, it must of necessity
either be wbirled round, or remain
motionless, till one of the two contrary THOUGHTS ON THE ESTABLISAMENT
powers by which it is fixed, becomes Of A PUBLIC MARKET FOR LITERA
greater than the other. When the op-
TURE.
posing powers of the reflui and of the THANKS to the immortal discoveries
main stream are equal and operate in of Jan Lawrence Coster, Jan Faustus
exactly contrary directions upon the or Peter Scoeffer, or to all of them
vessel, there can be no doubt but that combined, the world is now in pos-
the two powers being in equilibrium, the session of a more valuable medium for
vessel must remain motionless, and as it the universal dissemination of know-
were fastened in the middle of the whirl- ledge, than the costly manuscripts of
pool. In such case, if the sea is rough former ages, which, notwithstanding
and the wind which agitates it, boister- their illumination, did not tend to
ous, the vessel is in danger of being enlighten mankind; although some
beaten to pieces by the violence of the grave and timid persons have been led to
waves, and consequently of foundering. lament the discovery from the torrents
But if the powers of the contrary cur- of nonsense, impiety, and absurdity,
rents are not directly opposed in one and with which the world has been deluged
the same line, then their forces, although since the introduction of the art of print-
they were equal, would act upon the ing, yet as knowledge like calorio
vessel with a rotatory motion; and, has a natural tendency to diffuse itself
according to the law of mechanics, the universally, and as it is as salutary to the
momentum of this result would be equal moral, as heat is to the natural world,
in such case to the sum of the momenta every means may safely be employed to
of the component powers, and the motion facilitate its progress, since, provided
of rotation will continue as long as the the search after truth be not impeded,
equilibrium and energy of the opposing sophistry and falsehood, error and arti-


18 19.1 On the Establishment of a Public Market for Literature. 231
fice will be finally detected and exposed. desirable to combine as many advan-
But materially as the navigation of the tages as possible, of a more obvious and
ocean of literature has been improved by generally useful nature, a centrical situ-
this discovery, so many difficulties attend ation affording facility of communication
the first launching of the bark, the out with the principal manufactories, is of
fit is generally so expensive, inany are still greater importance; let, therefore,
prohibited to trade without a licence, some topographer of note fix upon that
while a certain incorporated body (i. e. spot in England, most equidistant
the booksellers) have such complete comº from London, Edinburgh, and Dublin,
mand of the market, that many adven- and measures will be taken by a parlia-
turers are for these reasons deterred mentary grant, no doubt (for our na-
from employing their capital in such tional representatives will assuredly re-
speculations. The warfare between au- joice in an opportunity of applying some
thors and publishers is coeval with the of our surperfluous cash to the attain-
introduction of letters; it has afforded ment of an object of such great public
matter of serious comment and playful utility) to purchase the premises where-
satire, and has been the subject of many ever they may be, most appropriate for
an ingenious essay to our best periodical the establishment of this emporium of
writers; and scarcely a novel issues literature. The local situation and the
from the press, that does not exhibit period when the fair is to be held being
some interesting disciple of the muse, determined, the environs would soon
the victim of the unheard of cruelty and rise into opulence, for not only must
unmerited persecution of a tyrannical provision be made for the accommoda-
bookseller. Occasion has thence been tion of the frequenters of the market,
taken by knaves (and fools, who are their but a brisk retail trade might be carried
echoes, have propagated the slander) to on in the manufacturing of materials for
cast a general stigma upon the profes- future sale. On one side you might
sion, whereas, if these “ Calamities of see an advertisement, declaring, that
Authors" were traced to their source. Thoughts on all subjects are provided
instead of being chargeable to publishers, according to order, on the most liberal
they would be found like most other terms.--Another sign would inform you,
calamities) to proceed from their own that - Abstracts are furnished at so
folly, conceit, or petulance. It is pre- much per line--here that mottos and
sumed, however, that the present sys- quotations adapted to all subjects can
tem of nogociation between authors and be procured on the shortest notice
booksellers, is capable of great improve- -- there that divines may be provided
ment; and as this is the age for projects with heads of discourses -- tourists with
of reform, it has been proposed to ob descriptions and topographical notices--
viate all difficulties, to reform all abuses, poets with imagination and rhyme-
to remove all impediments, and to secure novelists with characters and incidents,
an equitable competition, by the esta- with care, secresy, and dispatch.
blishment of a literary fair, where works It would be amusing to anticipate in
of every description would be exposed idea the anxiety, the expectation, the
to public sale, and their respective value hopes, the fears, that would pervade all
determined- not by the caprice of a book- classes of persons who were ever so re-
seller- but by the state of the market. motely interested in the proceedings-
One of the first points to be consi- the crowds of buyers and sellers of all
dered in the ałoption of such a measure sorts and conditions who would assem-
is the local situation of the market. ble at the general rendezvous :--com-
Runymede has been proposed as a pilers, driving their ponderous folios to
proper site for its establishment, for as market in broad-wheeled waggons, while
it would tend materially to secure the the dealer in abstracts and abridgements
liberty of the press, and facilitate the would canter to the fair on a light the-
circulation of liberal opinion, it would rough-bred mare, with his duodecimos
have the further advantage of increasing packed in his portmantua. Many a
the attachment to, and invigorating the nule's burthen of controversy would
defence of, those civil rights, which were plod its weary way, which the essayist
upon the same spot confirmed to our would skip past with his works in his
ancestors, and thus become a sort of waistcoat pocket-while a well-laden di-
annual commemoration of the triumph ligence was discharging its cargo of no-
of civil, as well as of literary freedom. velists and romance writers, dramatists,
But greatly as these reasons operate in and opera-mongers, the diletanti poet in
favour of Runymede, as it would be his smart tilbury would dash into the


232
Inconsistency of the Edinburgh Reviewers. (April 1,
fair, overturning the stall of a moralist, and Modern Politics, from Cumberland
the booth of a speculative philosopher, a and Westmoreland."
wheel-barrow full of abstracts from Aris-
totle's poetics, translations of Horace's ON THE INCONSISTENCY OP THE EDIN-
Art of Poetry, and a few treatises on BURGH REViewers IN THEIR CRI-
Common Sense. It is proposed that the TICISMS ON POPB.
conductors of the Edinburgh and Quar MR. EDITOR,
terly Reviews should be appointed clerks There is no feature in modern criti-
of the market. We may conjecture one cism more remarkable than its sudden
of their reports to be somewhat in the change of opinion respecting our great
style following:-“ Orthodox Theology poet, Pope. Having passed the ordeal
is nearly at par-Scepticism on the de- of his probationary century, he had just
cline-Sermons, for retail trade, plenty, bidden fair to enjoy as immortal a fame
above a decent market price. Philoso- as Horace (who himself decided a hun-
phical Dissertations, and Metaphysical dred years to be the poetical term of
Disquisitions are on the advance; there probation,) when behold, up starts a
was a considerable demand for Political Number of the Edinburgh Review ; of a
Speculations and Discussions, which work, which, not long before, was his
fetched high prices. General Histories champion and protector: and, in utter
stood long, and many remained unsold. defiance of all consistency, declares him
A brisk demand for Novels and Ro- a mere versifier, and scarcely a poet at
mances. Poetry quite a drug, and, ex- all. Were one quite unacquainted with
cepting some superior samples, did not the secret machinery which actuates
meet a ready sale. Translations (French that publication, one might guess for
novels excepted) were in no demand. ever without discovering the causes of
The market was overstocked with Tra- so flagrant and barefaced an apostacy.
vels. Antiquarian Researches bore a But when it is recollected that its praises
decent market price. Natural and Ex- of Pope were published some time bc.
perimental Philosophy considerably fore certain modern poets had appeared,
above par. There were many samples and that these modern poets now con-
of forensic and pulpit Eloquence from tribute to the Review, it will easily be
Ireland, abounding in trope, figure, and conceived, that poets would elevate the
metaphor, but as they were considera- style which they had themselves adopted,
bly adulterated with hyperbole and bom- at the expence of a style which they
bast, there was not a great demand for wished to explode. It may likewise be
them, and those that were sold were easily conceived, that the editor of the
chiefly for home consumption. Some Review would sacrifice some of its con-
brilliant and valuable specimens in Po- sistency for the advantage he must de-
etry, Moral Tales, and the Drama, from rive from their contributions. The con-
that country, were not exceeded by any sequence has been, that he actually took
in the market. From Edinburgh there no longer time than three years to
was a large supply of Philosophy and change his published sentiments respect-
Metaphysics; Romances of the highest ing Pope ; and, indeed, so completely
order, which brought enormous prices, are his two sets of tenets at variance,
and left all competition far behind. Some that the best refutation now extant of
rare productions of the national school his latter attacks are to be found in his
of Poetry, and some of the choicest spe- former vindications.
cimens of legitimate Eloquence. A con- Now, Sir, as I consider those former
siderable display of classical Literature, vindications extremely good, as I am
Memoirs of Science, and Political Dis- myself incapable of doing so much jus-
quisitions from Oxford. From Cam- tice to Pope as he has done, and as I am
bridge the supply was chiefly of Anti- anxious to expose the injustice which he
quities, Biblical Criticism, Mathematical has also done, I think I cannot better
works, and Controversial Divinity. The attain my object, than by pitting himself
London dealers, as usual, abounded in against himself, and comparing his for-
every department of literature, though mer defence of the bard with his own
their commodities by no means kept subsequent attack; which, by the way, is
pace in value with their numbers and about twice as severe as that from which
diversity; almost all the Translations in he had indignantly exculpated him.
the market were supplied from thence; I shall, therefore, make sumc ex-
and there was a plentiful assortment of tracts:
Lyrics and Loyalty: Ancient Ballads


1819.)
Inconsistency of the Edinburgh Review.
233
Attack.
Defence.
There are no pictures of nature or of Is it true? Does he speak so little to
simple emotion in his writings.
the imagination and the heart ? Does
Ed. Rev. Aug. 1811. he borrow his delineations from man.
ners only and not from nature?
Jan, 1908.
Pope is a satirist, and a moralist, and Pope has reached a HIGH TONE OF
a wit, and a critic, and a fine writer, REAL POETRY, according to the strictest
much more than he is a poet.
notion of the term.
Jun. 1808.
Aug. 1811.
He has not a great deal of fancy. Is the sprightliness of a versatile fancy,
Aug. 1811. the play of varied imagery, a distinguishe
ing characteristic of the poet ? Where
is this more striking than in the Rape of
the Lock, and indeed in many parts of
the Dunciad ?
Jan. 1808.
He (Goldsmith) had the harmony of Is the fervour of passion, the power of
Pope, without his quaintness, and his se- exciting and expressing emotion, the
lectness of diction without his coldness soul of poetry? We have already point-
and eternal vivacity.
ed to it in the Eloisa. Nothing of the
Sep. 1816. kind has ever been produced equul to it,
for pathos, painting, and melody.
Jan. 1808.
The defence concludes with this un- a complete process of transmutation,
qualified interrogatory: “ What then without the loss, change, or displacement
is it that we want and for what reason of a single syllable. Yet, either this
docs Mr. Bowles, like the vain herd of must have happened to Pope's works, or
modern versifiers, carp at the poctical else the Edinburgh Review must exhi-
merits of Pope?
bit a phenomenon not much less remark-
What is it that they want? In the year able, when it proves, that what is good
1808, it seems, they wanted nothing more is bad, and what is bad is good. The
of him than they had already found in truth is, if we judge of Pope by his mo-
him, namely, nature,” “passion," ral and satirical works only, we cannot
- fancy," and “real poetry;" but in the allow him many of the higher poetical
year 1811, they wanted of him-what? qualities. Those, therefore, who esti-
Why precisely those very qualities which mate his powers in general by these
they had found in him only three years pieces alone, may just as well characte-
before! Is poetry, then, like wine, and rize the sublime Milton as a punning,
can its spirit evaporate? Horace, I re- humorous, and witty writer, because
member, compares it to wine, when he composed a laughable epitaph upon
he cautions us to keep it nine years in Hodge the carrier, or Homer, as a most
cask before we publish it; but when it is facetious poet, but not at all an elevated
once published,'I had no notion that it one, because he was the author of a pro-
could become bad, from having been once duction called The Battle of the Frogs.
good, and that its essence could undergo
I am, &c.
B.
PLANETARY MOTION.
force, after the moment of equality at
MR. EDITOR,
the perihelium, does not, as he argues,
The crowded state of your valuable proceed from acquired increase, but takes
columns (as I understand from your place in diminution, in consequence of
printer) not permitting the insertion, the centripetal force decreasing more ra-
This month, of my defence and illustra- pidly than the centrifugal, thus enabling
tion of the Newtonian system of Gra- the rotatory motion and centrifugal force,
vity, I must beg a corner for one obser- or projectile as is the common expression,
vation on W. Ji's objections, the appa- to carry the earth beyond a circle whose
Tent plausibility of which, as it seems to radius would be equal to the perihelium
have bewildered him, may also puzzle distance.
such of your readers as are not decidedly This shews that his main objection is
astronomical.
incorrect in position. So much then en
The fact is, that W, J. fights a wind- passant ; and I trust that my popular
mill of his own building-the superiority illustration in the ensuing month, will re-
of the centrifugal over the centripetal fute all the sophistry which has lately
New MONTHLY MAG.-No.63.
VOL. XI. 2H


234 An Unpublished Poetical Epistle of Robert Burns. (April 1,
been so much in vogue upon the sub- --- I would also recommend a perusal of
ject.
L. that author to the Projectile Puzzler.
P. S. If W. J. in addition to $ 158 That every body possesses gravity, I
from Ferguson, had consulted the pre- hope I shall prove to W.J.; but for any
ccding sections 151, 2, 3, 4, he might body to retain their gravity, whilst read-
have inferred the fact of the diminish- ing Sir Richard, is impossible!
ing forces, though not expressly stated.
Hichland So-
bour,
THE CABINET.
AN UNPUBLISHED POETICAL EPISTLE Yet while they're only poin'd and herriet
OF ROBERT BURNS.
They'll keep their stubborn Highlan' spirit;
But smash them! crash them a' to spails!
To the Right Honorable the Earl of
And rot the dyvors i' the jails !
B****, President of the Right Honor. The
The young dogs, swinge them to the la-
able and Honorable the Highland So-
ciety, which met on the 23d of May Let work an' hunger mak’them sober!
last, at the Shakspeare, Covent Garden, The hizzies, if they're oughtlens fawsont
to concert ways and means to frustrate Let them in Drury Lane be lesson d !
the designs of FIVE HUNDRED HIGH- An' if the wives an' dirty brats
LANDERS, who, as the Society were Come thiggan at your doors an' yette,
informed, by Mr. M' , of A****'s,
Flaffan wi' duds, an' grey wi’ beese,
were so audacious as to attempt an
Frightan away your deucks an' geese;
Get out a horsewhip or a jowler,
escape from their lawful lords und
The langest thang, the fiercest growler,
masters, whose properly they are, by
An' gar the latter'd gypsies pack
emigrating from the lands of Mr. Wia' their bastards on their back!
MACDONALD, of Glengary, to the wilds
Go on, my lord! I lang to meet you,
of Canada, in search of that funtastic An' in my house at hame to greet you!
· thing---LIBERTY!
Wi' common lairds ye shanna mingle,
Long life, my Lord, an' health be yours, The benmost newk beside the ingle,
Vaskaith'd by hunger'd Highlan' boors!
At my right hand assigned your seat,
Lord grant nee duddie, desperate beggar,
"Tween Herod’ship an Polycrate,
Wi' durk, claymore, or rusty trigger, Or, if ye on your station tarrow,
May twin auld Scotland o' a life
Between Almagro an' Pizarro;
She likes-as butchers like a knife!
A seat l'ın sure ye're weel deservin't,
Faith, you and A****'s were right An' till ye come--your huinble servant,
To keep the Highlan' hounds in sight!
June 1,
BEELZEBU'R.
I doubt da: they wad bid nae better
Anno Mundi, 5790.
Than let them ance but owre the water,
ORIGIN OF THE TERMS WHIG AND
· Then up among the lakes and seas
They'll mak what rules and laws they please.
TORY.
Some daring Hancock, or a Franklin,
1. “ This year (says Hume, Hist. Eng.
May set their Highlan' bluid a ranklin'; land, 1690), is remarkable for being the
Some Washington again may head them, epoch of the well-known epithets of
Or some Montgomery fearless lead thein;
Whig and Tory, by which, and some-
Till God knows what may be effecud,
times without any material difference,
When by such heads and hearts directed :
this island has been so long divided.
Poor dung bill sons of dirt and mire,
May to Patrician rights aspire !
The court party reproached their anta-
Nae sage North, now, nor sager Sackville,
gonists with their ailinity to the fanati-
To watch and premier o'er the pack vile!
cal conventicles in Scotland, who were
And where will ye get Howes and Clintons known by the name of the Whigs: the
To bring them to a right repentance ? country party found a resemblance be-
To cowe the rebel generation,
tween the courtiers and Popish banditti
An' save the honor of the nation!
in Ireland, to whom the appellation of
They, and be d-d-what right hae they Tory was affixed. And after this man.
To meal, or sleep, or light o' day;
ner, these foolish terms of reproach came
Far less to riches, power, or freedom
But what your lordships please to gie them!
into public and general use ; and even
But hear my lord! G**** hear!
at present scem not nearer their end
Your hand's oure light on them I fear;
than when they were first invented."
Your factors, grieves, trustees, and bailies,
2. Bailer, in his dictionary, gives the
I canna say but they do gailies;
following as the origin : “ Whig (Sax.)
They lay aside a' tender mērcies,
wlicy butier-milk, or very small beer,
Aad tiri the hallions to the birsies:
also a name first applied to those in


1819.] Culloden Anecdotco-Author of No. 595 of the Spectator. 235
Scotland who kept their meetings in the A CULLODEX ANECDOTE.
fields, their cominon food being soUR MR. EDITOR,
MILK;" a nickname given to those who The very interesting ( Culloden
were against the court interest in the Anecdotes" in your late number have
times of King Charles and James II., recalled to my recollection the follow-
and to such as were for it in succeeding ing occurrence, which I bave frequently
reigns."
heard related in my own family, and of
With regard to Tory, he tells us that the authenticity of which your readers
it was “ a word first used by the Pro- may be assured. After the final over-
testants in Ireland to signify those Irish throw of the hopes of the Pretender,
common robbers and murderers who when he was wandering about the coun-
stood outlawed for robbery and murder; try to evade his pursuers, he was, among
now a nickname to such as call them his many other hair-breadth escapes,
selves high churchmen, or to the parti- once probably saved in the following
zans of the Chevalier de St. George.” manner : My grandmother, then a girl
3. Jobnson has, “ Whig (Sax.) 1. of eighteen, was remarkably like the
Whey. 2. The name of a faction; and as Pretender in face, and a report having
for Tory, he supposes it to be derived been spread that the Prince was wander-
from an Irish word, signifying a savage. ing about disguised in a female dresa,
“ One who adheres to the ancient con- Miss --was actually arrested by a
stitution of the state, and the apostoli- party of the royal soldiers. Being of
cal hierarchy of the church of England a family who were staunch Jacobites, she
-opposed to a Whig."
had the resolution and presence of mind
Torbhee is the Irish appellation for a not to betray her sex, and sufiered her-
person who seizes by force, and without self to be conducted by the soldiers, who
the intervention of law, what, whether treated her with all the respect due to
really so or not, he alleges to be his pro- her supposed rank, towards the English
perty.
frontiers. She was passed in this man-
4. Daniel Defoe, in No. 75 of Vol. vii. ner from one station to another, till she
of his « Review of the British Nation, reached a post, to the commanding officer
1709," thus defines Tory:
of which she was personally known, he
" The word Tory is Irish, and was having, I think, been quartered either
first made use of in Ireland, in the time in her father's house, or at least in the
of Elizabeth's wars there. It signified a neighbourhood. Here the mistake was
kind of robbers, who, being listed in of course discovered, and she was sent
neither army, preyed in general upon back to her friends with many apolo-
their country without distinction of Eng- gies ; but in the mean time the Preten-
Jish or Irish."
der (the report of whose capture had
He then tells us a long story, in which been generally circulated) had effected
he ascribes the invention of the term to his escape.
one Titus Oates. The word Whig he ACCOUNT OP THE AUTHOR OP NO. 595
informs us is Scots, and was in use among
OP THE SPECTATOR.
the Cameronians, who frequently took N umber 595 of the Spectator for
up arms in support of their religion. It September 14, 1714, which was suppos-
is said that the Duke of Monmouth, ed to have been written by an unknown
after his return from the battle of Both hand, was the production of a Mr. Cas-
well Bridge (so admirably described in tleton, a college friend of Addison's.
the Tales of My Landlord), found This gentleman was also the author of
himself ill-treated by King Charles, a small collection of poeing never pub-
for having used the insurgent coven- lished, althougin a few copies were print-
anters so mercifully. Lord Lauderdale ed for his friends, and his name is affixed
is reported to have told Charles, with an to a commendatory anagram and acros
oath, that the Duke had been so civil to tic, addressed to the author of a curious
the Whigs, because he was a Whiy him- pamphlet, entitled “ A Key to tlie Lock;
self in his heart. This made it a court or a Treatise, proving, beyond all con-
word, and in a little time all the friends tradiction, the dangerous tendency of a
and followers of the Duke began to be late Poem entitled The Rape of the
called Whigs.
Lock, to Government and Religion, by
Esdras Barnevelt, Apothecary.” Svo.
* In many parts of Scotland the term London, 1715; where Mr. Castleton
Whig is still commonly applied to a sort of styles himself" a well-wisher to the coa-
sour liquid which is obtained from milk or lition of parties,”
cream.
L.


236
[April 1,
Original Poetry.
CURIOUS ORIGIN OP No. 71 OF THE tunately, for poor James, it happened
SPECTATOR.
to be the first that presented itself, and
In the year 1711 James Hirst lived before his return, Mr. Wortley had pe-
servant with the Honourable Edward rused the enamoured footman's love
Wortley. It happened one day that in story. James intreated to have it re-
redelivering a parcel to his master, he turned : “ No," said Mr. Wortley, “ No
by mistake, gave him one which he had James, you shall be a great man; this
written to his sweetheart, and kept letter shall appear in the Spectator."
back Mr Wortley's. He soon discovered It was accordingly communicated to Mr.
his error, and immediately hurried to Steele, and published in James's own
his master in order to retrieve it; but words, “ Dear Betty," &c.
nufortunately, or rather we may say for
ORIGINAL POETRY.
EXTRACTS FROM SOME UNPUBLISHED Suspicion plucks back hunger from-'tis
SCENES OF “MANUEL,” A TRAGEDY, horrible
BY THE REV. C. R. MATURIN.
But most of all to dread slow-stealing night,
ACT III.
That like a murderer in its bosom bears
De Zelos and Mendozabel.
Visions that stab me sleeping.
Mend. How, my lord-
Toralra. My noble friend, banish such
De 2. Nay, pardon me, I know not what wayward fancies;
I utter;
You do with too much sorrow load your
But this I know, which much concerns your spirit,
wisdom:
If you—thus wrongfully accused --do feel
Mark me, my worthy lord, this ancient Your nice and sensitive frame wiih anguish
railer
thrill
Not to your courts confines his clamorous What feeis Alonzo's murderer
outrage;
De Z. (much agitated) Ask me not
In your wide sireets it bruits, raves through It would too deeply rend the soul to speak
your walls,
Teaching the credulous, change-loving mul- How should I tell thee what a murderer
titude,
feel; ?
The wealth-swoln burgher and start artizan, Men. Nay drop the nngracious theme,
With the crowded but hushed streets to thou seest it moves him.
throng,
De Z. It doth indeed.
To nod with hollow look-gripe with stern
ACT IV.
clutch-
De Zelos and Ximena.
Dart dangerous meanings from the speaking Xi. I dreamt I stood within a proud
eye,
alcove,
Thien part like men whose parting seems to Where white-stoled virgins robed ine as a
say,
bride,
We'll meet anon to purpose : look to this. But told no bridegroom's name and when
Your streets are full of it.
I asked
Mend.
I'st possible?
Their smile had a strange kind of ghastly
De 2. Possible! aye, and to the meanest sweetness.
hamlet
De Z. Well dreamer-who was this im-
Th' infection spreads; th' untaught and mortal wooer?
weaponless rustic
Yi. List to me yet—1 sat, as is the
Treads with a firmer step, as his stern song wont
Dooms to despair that murderer's soul. Of Spanish maids, within the midnight
Men. My lord!
bower,
De 2. Oh, sir! I prize the clamours of To wait the bridal song that calls thern
the crowd
thence.
Light as the winds that waft them; but 'tis It came the bridal song-on the hushed
horrible
air
To feel the curses which the writhen lip Řose rich and troubled, like the groans of
In stifiing gives more vehement utterance ; melody;
To feel the curse in the averted eye,
Then sunk the strain, and thrice my name
Withdrawn, but not extinguished;
was uttered :
Inhale an air, poisoned with execration Come my pale bride and endless be our
Tread on an earth, whose echoes to my union ;
steps
It was Alonzo's voice that called on me
Answer in groans ;-dread at my doubtful De Z. He hath no voice--may th' un-
meals
bodied spirit
The cup that have presents, and the piled Thus haunt and howl around our shaking
dainties
mansion


1819.]
Original Poetry.
237
;ear
I will have walls of adamant.
Like a clouded star through autuma's
Xi. On hear me yet, for on the waking nights-
Gleams sadly as if light were here a stran-
Strikes with more certainty no living sound. ger-
Starting I woke, and sat the live-long night, Shrink not from earthly tread , thou land of
And on my lute traced the remembered darkness,
chords
Let not the worm forsake his feast, nor ti
(And bid my weeeping maidens learn it too), owl
Hark, list to it.-
music within. Cease from his dirge for me, nor the gorged
De 2. (great agitation)-Hush, hush reptile
those sounds of woe
Couch in corruption's festering house to
They feed her madness--they will drive shun me;
me mad.
And ye whose fearful being hath no name,
Wouldst with his funeral dirge insult his Vampire or Goul, or things of fouler nature
kiasman (recovering)
That with the rotting sleep's unnatural re-
This must be craft-damned, damned dissem-
vels
bling all.
Loathed dalliance hold ;--upon the shadowy
(approaching her fiercely and seizing her confines o
hand)
of your dark empiry unscathed I stand
Hear me, and tremble-ha!-unbid thou I am of earth no longer
tremblest.
(He addresses the supposed inmates
This dry and burning touch-this wasted
of the place)
· band,
Oh ye with unfleshed arıns, and sightless
Within whose veins health revelled yester-
day-(dropping it and gazing on her) Where eyes have been, and bleached and
This is not art,
hairless skulls
Xi. Canst thou place this shrunk Swathed in the recent shroud, or sternly
hand-
clattering
Through whose thin membrane thou In hollow nakedness of nerveless bone.
mayst see the pulse
Crusted with charnel mould of livid green,
That soon shall cease to beat--within ano. On the black ribs of death horribly verdant
ther's (grasping his hand affection- --Ye visible watchers round the hopeless
ately).
Nay keep it in thy grasp While yet thou Where groans and gnashing and th' impe-
mayst.
Ditent yell
De 2. (affected at first, then flinging Do make the iron music of despair ;-
her away)
Who 'gainst the doubtful spirit's shivering
Wed him, and die-Now, girl, thou knowst flight
Do centinel the passes of redemption ;
ACT v.
-Ye forms of horror wheresoe'er ye be
Victoria surveying her apartment in the
Victoria.
Castle of Almunecar.
Oh cease this horrid impious adjuration-
The carved roof, on which my fretful taper
Flings streaks of light mid gulphing cavities,
LINES,
Like the ribbed hulk of some gigantic wreck, Written on a blank leaf of the “ Pleasures
Through which the sullen wave that sunk it
of Hope."
darkens ;
Or power the fond and feeling heart to
Yon crested arch beneath its sculptured key bless
stone
With tenderest joy and sweetest pensive-
Doth darklier frown ;-its notched and fret Dess,
ted lines
In Love's warm soul to wake a deeper glow,
Seem in the light's pale gilding like some Or kindlier steal á flushing smile from
visage,
Woe,
Whose fierce distorted lineaments do glare Here Campbell lives;-his record of re-
In ghastly mockery at me-(she sees the nown
tapestry)
No fleeting pomp,-a pageant, or a crown!
Oh ye folds With time's swift tide, they sparkle, and
Of wavering curtained darkness, whose dim they pass;
range
Ionic marble and Corinthian brass
Doth heave in ominous swelling, is there yet Melt into dust;_towers, kingdoms, empires
Beyond your shade, some darkly-lurking fall,
shape
As circling ages into ages call;
-Of giant-form dimensionless, the eye, But all unfelt the withering chill of time,
Dizzy with terror, measures not, but catches In the fresh flower of a perennial prime.
In fear's dark mirror multiplied.
Here Campbell lives;-here hath his hand
Manuel in the rault.
designed
The furred and murky lamp. The fervid transcript of his generous mind.“
Fed with foul exhalatione and blue damps-
bed,
my. will.


238
. (April 1,
Original Poetry:
spires
spell
Like that mysterious crystal which in- Wild and Jamenting voices speak
The spirit's awful agonies;
Serener pureness from the wrath of fires; Whose stormy rush may burst and break
The tender charm of his familiar page,
And in soft melting murmurs rise :
Which soothed with softest dreams our
But time, whose wing hath soothed this
earliest age,
heart,
But breathes,-resigned to art's severe con All broken once as thine can be,
troul,
And torn in every tender part,-
Diviner transport, and a purer soul.
Shall lay his healing hand on thee.
When his boid strings, with noblest frenzy
fraught,
At midnight to thy page I flee,
Unchecked by terror, reach the heaven of Oh! dear devoied son of song;
thought,
My sleepless spirit aches for thee,
Seems not his minstrel-spirit to have won To thee my warmest tears belong.
The fiery car and mantle of the sun;
Thy friends from sorrow turned away, -
Wide o'er the burning galaxy to sweep, Love would not wake one strain to cheer
Span earth's proud planet and divide the
deep,
But there are hearts more true than they,
Its springs unlock, and wake with potent T o whom thy griefs the more endear
thee.-
The angel pity slumbering in her cell?
Soft as her sighi, the swelling tones subside,
be I know the world hath loved us not-
Mournful and slow, yet warbling as they
That Fateher burning brand hath
glide,
hurled;
Sooth the still air, the arrested soul enchain. But song can soothe our darkest lot.
Till bliss is moulded in the mint of pain! And we may yet defy the world.
O thou, whose path fair Fancy strews with Souls, which apart are like to such,
flowers,
When joined, a purer pulse can know ;-
One lovely tissue of romantic hours,-
As two discordant harps, when touched
Whose classic home indulgent Heaven has
At once, in softest masic flow.
graced
March 1, 1819.
B. B. W.
With each blest handmaid in the court of
taste;
AT PARTING.
Oit o'er the enchanting scenes thy art has Autumn noons were throwing
planned,
Lights, serene and glowing,
Supremely lovely, or divinely grand,
On mountain, lake, and tree;
Shall beauty linger-each rude care asleep
And a soft melancholy-
Alone with Thee to glow or wildly weep; Making the day more holy-
Tul thou, enthron'd within her breast, shalt
Brooded o’er earth and sea ;-
be
When first I flew to greet thee
The guardian priest of her futurity,
Impassioned Zobëide,
Responsive to her voice, bright dreams to
And oh! so kind and sweetly
weave
Came thy young voice to me,
At opening sun-rise and at falling eve.
It woke to new vibration
Feb. 12, 1819. J. H. WiFren.
This sad heart's long stagnation,
Which trembled all to thee!
TO ARTHUR BROOKE, ESQ.
Sickness her best bloom shrouded, -
If storms, the myrtle-flowers decay,
Her soft cheek sadness clouded,
And lightning scathe the parent tree;
And dear that cloud to me;
Fresh blooms almost as fair as they
Yet, would a sudden hectic
In Spring's returning hours we see: Light her wild eye, electric,
The stream that glanced as clear as light,
When wizard Poesy,
Now darkened by a turbid stain,
In gold her numbers weaving-
In after monients, to the sight,
Exalting, soothing, grieving
Thrilled the fair breast whose heaving
Reflects heaven's glorious hues again :
Gleamed like white waves al sea;
With awful sound and stormy flash,
"Till I could deem its splendour,
At morn, old ocean's waters roar;
So passing bright and tender,
Yet evening hears them softly dash
Was only lit for me.-
In music on the sunny shore :
Autumn winds were rending
And hearts by sorrow nursed, and care,
The berries, redly bending,
By torture seared, or rent by woe,
From one lone sumach-tree;
May see, in happier moments, there
When the warm tears, quick starting
Sweet hope's returning blossoms blow.
To my dim lids at parting,
Love's holy light may all be faded,
She gave her hand to me.
And stained and troubled be its tide ; 'Twas like that earlier token
Yet from her urn-by roses shaded,
A purer stream shall be supplied.
*“ Poems by Arthur Brooke,” p. 131.


1819.]
Original Poetry.
239
own.
With which my heart was broken ; As the last tints of wan effulgence shed
Few were the accents spoken,
A sad complexion o'er the solemn scene;
Enough-that I could see
Since little thy conception of the dead
She shrunk away in sorrow,
May tell, like whom, thine unseen sire
From thoughts, that on the morrow
hath been ;
Our hands apart would be!
Go-lean thee o'er unruffled waters deep ;-
There trace the features o'er their mirror
The year's last rose hung wreathing,
thrown;
Around, faint odor breathing,
From its decaying tree ;
And, haply, those that rest in endless sleep
Unhoping 1 bereaved it,
May greet thy view-developed in thine
Unsmiling she received it,
Stole one swift glance at me;-
Then in her book disposed it
THE SILKEN LOCK.
With lingering hand and closed it,
Written by a young Lady on the departure
Where sacredly reposed it,
of an infant Niece.
Pledge of past joy to be :
No more, sweet babe! thou meet'st mine
As though her eye had uttered
eyes;
To soothe the heart that fluttered,
I've wished to thee a long farewell !
“ Yes, I'll remember thee!"
And tears, unbidden, now arise ;
VIDA. And sighs, uncalled, my bosom swell:
Woburn, Sep. 16, 1818.
All I now hold of one so fair,
Is but a silken lock of hair.
TO AN INPANT CHILD.
No more mine eyes can gaze on thee!
I saw thee, lov'd one! hence depart:
Unknown--unseen — yet cherished in my Now thou art far away from me,
breast,
But thy dear form lives in my heart!
Child of my love, my happiness and woe!
And 'tis a painful, pleasing care
I leave thee, lingering, with a soul oppressed, to
To look upon this silken hair.
To climes afar-to other worlds to go:
Yet, ere I lose the mountains of my land,
I know repining is in vain ;-
The last blue glimpse of thy maternal
It soothes me not,-it brings not thee!
But yet my breast will still complain,
shore,
As my too faithful memory
Hopes of my heart-recorded by my hand
Brings back the head of beauty rare,
Shall be my child's when life and grief
Where grew this silken lock of hair.
are o'er.
I do not thy decrees arraign,
Whilst on thine infant innocence I gaze, Almighty Father of the world!
'Tis but the fancy of a father's mind,- The ills that make the heart complain
And cast a glance of prophecy on days
May blessings prove, when quite un-
With bliss,-perchance, with wretched-
furled :
Dess combined ;-
The babe I love is in thy care-
"Twere wise to wish thee,-pure and faull- I'll not weep o'er her silken hair.
less,-dead;
March 13, 1819.
Ere passion, and incentive gifts of time,
Around thy heart delusive feelings shed,
And stain thy spotless innocence with
On hearing the Irish Melody “ DOMN-
crime.
HALL," as arranged by Mr. Moore.
Yes, I have loved to hear the minstrel strain
Yes-wise it were;-but from this ruined
it were;-but from this ruined Falling, in liquid notes, from Beauty's
heart,
Where every year hath triumphed in
voice;
Although each echo woke a thrilling pain,
decay,
From thee, sweet solace of my soul, to part
Too keen to let my listening soul rejoice!
Were e'en to chase the blood of life away.
For it recalled the memory of hours,
For it recalled t
I'd have thee live some few bright summers
Fraught with delight, but to my heart noir
lost;
yet,
"Till toil and sufferarce have blanched
And such the magic of its charmful powers,
I deemed it sweetest--when ii pained me
my brow;
Then, thy pure tears, at least, my tomb may
most!
wet,
ON THE BIRTH OF A CHILD.
Tho' oe'r my grave no other sorrows flow. The morn that ushered thee to life,my child
And when-as, haply, thou, in autumn's Saw thee in tears--whilst all around thee
eve,
smiled!
Mayst steal from vulgar joys a pensive When summoned hence to thy eternal sleep,
hour,
Oh! may'st thou smile whilst all around thee
O'er the cold ashes of thy sire to grieve,
weep!
And gild with filial drops his comh-spring
flower,
A.


[ 240 ]
(April 1,
MEMOIR OF S. T. COLERIDGE, ESQ.
(With a Portrait.)
THE subject of this biographical ter of the grammar school, and though a
sketch was born in the year 1773, at severe disciplinarian, he took a pleasure
the market town of Ottery St. Mary, in in fostering promising genius. Revert-
Devonshire, of which parish his father, ing to this period of his life, and the cha-
the Rev. John Coleridge, was for many racter of his excellent preceptor, Mr.
years vicar, after having been an emi. Coleridge says — “ He early moulded
nent schoolmaster at South Moulton, my taste to the preference of Demos-
on the northern side of the same coun- thenes to Cicero,of Homer and Theocri.
ty, where that elegant scholar and tus to Virgil, and again of Virgil to
acute critic, Mr. Samuel Badcock, was Ovid. He habituated me to compare
one of his pupils. Mr. Coleridge con- Lucretius, Terence, and above all the
tributed much valuable aid to his learned chaster poems of Catullus, not only with
countryman, Dr. Kennicott, in the great the Roman poets of the so called, silver
work of collating the manuscripts of the and brazen ages, but with even those of
Hebrew Bible; and he gave solid proofs, the Augustan era; and on grounds of
of his biblical reading and judgment, in plain sense and universal logic to see
“ Dissertations on the Seventeenth and and assert the superiority of the former,
Eighteenth Chapters of the Book of in the truth and nativeness, both of their
Judges," as well as in some fugitive es- thoughts and diction. At the same time
says on scriptural subjects in different that we were studying the Greek tragic
periodical publications. One of his poets, he made us read Shakspeare and
pieces, now before us, “ An Inquiry into Milton as lessons; and they were the
the Opinion of the Ancient Jews Con- lessons too which required most time and
cerning the Divine Word, or the noros," trouble to bring up, so as to escape his
would have been a suitable appendix to censure. I learned from him that poetry,
that part of his son's “ Biographia Lite- even that of the loftiest, and seemingly
raria," where he has ventured to discuss that of the wildest odes, had a logic of
the same sublimely mysterious theme.- its own, as severe as that of science,
Besides these performances, the elder and more difficult, because more subtle,
Mr. Coleridge published a Fast Sermon, more complex, and dependant on more,
during the American war, and an in- and more fugitive causes. In our Eng-
comparable critical Latin Grammar. He lish compositions (at least for the last
died suddenly, in 1782, at the age of three years of our school education) hệ
sixty-two, much regretted by his pa- showed no mercy to phrase, metaphor,
rishioners and all who had the pleasure or image, unsupported by a sound sense,
of knowing his worth and talents. He or where the same sense might bave
was twice married-by his first wife he been conveyed with equal force and dig-
had three daughters, one of whom is nity in plainer words. Lute, harp, and
now living; and by the second he had lyre, muse, muses, and inspirations-Pe-
ten children, among whom there was gasus, Parnassus, and Hippocrene, were
only one daughter. The survivors of all an abomination to him. In fancy, I
this numerous family are-). Colonel can almost hear him now exclaiming-
Coleridge. 2. The Rev. Edward Cole- “ Harp? Harp ? Lyre? Pen and ink,
ridge, of Ottery. 3. The Rev. George boy, you mean? Muse, boy, muse? Your
Coleridge, of the same place; and lastly, nurse's daughter, you mean! Pierian
our author, who indulges the ingenious spring ? Oh, aye! the cloister-pump,
but fanciful conjecture that Spinoza's I suppose !"
admirable biographer, COLERUS, may “There was one custom of our mas-
have been his progenitor ; a notion, ter`s which I cannot pass over in silence,
however, too far fetched to need a seri- because I think it imitable, and worthy
ous refutation.
of imitation. He would often permit
It may well be supposed that, with our theme exercises, under some pretext
such a family, and a small living, Mr. of want of time, to accumulate, till each
Coleridge could not leave much behind lad had four or five to be looked over.
him; and accordingly some friends pro- Then, placing the whole number abreast
cured admission for the youngest son on his desk, he would ask the writer,why
into Christ's Hospital, where he soon this or that sentence might not have
distinguished himself as a boy of acute found as appropriate a place under this
parts and eccentric habits. The Rer, or that thesis; and if no satisfying an-
James Bowyer was then the head mas- swer could be returned, and two faults



I noin bu CRLeslie
Enrned by H. diye
S. T. COLERIDGE, ESQ.
Priblished April 1.1879 by Henry churn, imchit Street.





1819.]
Memoir of S. T. Coleridge, Esq.
241
lute,
of the same kind were found in one exer- and had scarce any connections in Lon-
cise, the irrevocable verdict followed, don) highly was I delighted, if any pas-
the exercise was torn up, and another, senger, especially if he were dressed in
on the same subject, to be produced, in black, would enter into conversation
addition to the tasks of the day. The with me. For I soon found the means
reader will, I trust, excuse this tribute of of directing it to my favourite subjects,
recollection to a man, whose severities, “Of Providence, fore-knowledge, will, and
even now, not seldom furnish the dreams
fate,
by which the blind fancy would fain in- Fix'd fate, free-will, fore-knowledge abso-
terpret to the mind the painful sensa-
tions of distempered sleep; but neither And found no end in wandering mazes Jost."
lessen nor diin the deep sense of my mo-
From this preposterous pursuit le
ral and intellectual obligations. He sent
it was called, at least for a considerable
us to the wiversity excellent Latin and time, by an accidental acquaintance with
Greek scholars, and tolerable Hebra- a
a very amiable family, and chiefly by
ists. Yet our classical knowledge was
the poetry of Mr. Bowles. At the age
the least of the good gifts, which we de-
of nineteen our author removed to Jesus
College, Cambridyc, but of his academical
rived from his zealous and conscientious
tutorage. He is now gone to bis final re-
history we know but little, nor does it
ward, full of years, and full of honours,
appear, indeed, that he either graduated
even of those honours which were dearest
or stood a candidate for the literary ho-
to his heart, as gratefully bestowed by
pours of the university. While there,
that school, and still binding him to the in-
however, he assisted one of his friends
terests of that school in which he had
in the composition of an essay on English
been himself educated, and to which,
Poetry, intended for a society at Exeter,
during his whole life, he was a dedi-
edi: but which piece is not inserted in their
cated being."
published volume.
Another friend, to whom Mr. Cole-
In 1794, he rentured to publish a
ridge acknowledges his obligations, while
il small volume of juvenile poems, which
si
on this coble foundation. iš the present productions were very favourably spoken
excellent Bishop of Calcutta, who was
of by the periodical critics, as the buds of
then in the first form, or, in the language
hope, and promises of better works to
of the school, a Grecian. From him,
come: though the same reviewers con-
among other favours, he received a pre-
curred in objecting to them, obscurity,
sent of Mr. Bowles's Sonnets, with
in a general turgidness of diction, and a
which our student was so enthusiasti-
profusion of new coined double epithets.
cally delighted, that in less than eiglia
Instead of feeling indignant at this re-
teen months he made more than forty
proof, the author judiciously availed him-
transcriptions of them, for the purpose
self of the censures that were bestowed,
of giving them to persons who had in
for the correction of these parasitical
any way won his regard. The posses-
plants of youthful poetry. The same
sion of these poems wrought a great,
a year he printed « The Fall of Robe-
and indeed radical, change in the mind
spierre, an historic drama," in which the
of our author, who hitherto, and
conventional specches were happily ver-
even before his fifteenth year, had be-
sified, and the sentiments expressed in
wildered himself in metaphysical specula-
language classically correct and uncom
tion and theological controversy.
monly vigorous. The French revolu-
“ Nothing else," says Mr. Coleridge,
tion had at this time turned the heads of
"pleased me. History, and particular
many persons, who from their years, and
facts lost all interest in my mind. Po.
extent of observation, ought to have
etry (though for a school boy of that age,
considered such a combustion as a pesti-
I was above par in English versification,
lential contagion, that called for a striet
and had already produced two or three
quarantine, rather than to be hailed as
compositions, which, I may venture to
a blessing, deserving of general propaga-
say, without reference to my age, were
tion. Where heads, grown grey in
somewhat above mediocrity, and which
knowledge and experience of the world,
had gained me more credit than the
çrred grossly in judgment, it was not
sound good sense of my old master was
much to be wondered that young and
ardent minds should become enthusias,
at all pleased with,) poetry itself, yea,
novels and romances, became insipid to
tically extravagant. This was the ease
me. In my friendless wanderings, on lidays altogether, but for those on which
our leave days, " (for I was an orphan, the boys are permitted to go beyond the
The Christ Hospital phrase, not for ho- precincts of the school.
New MONTULY Maon-No. 63.
VOL. XI. 21


242
Memoir of S. T. Coieridge, Esq.
[April 1,
with Mr. Coleridge, who became such a Utopia, which was to bear the high-
zealot in the cause of universal liberty as sounding name of PANTISOCRACY, they
to abandon the friendly cloisters of his proposed to found on the banks of the
college to embark in the quixotic enter- Susquehanna, where all property was
prize of reforming the world. He had to be held in common, and every man in
at this time, formed a close intimacy his turn to be a legislator. But while
with Mr. Southey, and Robert Lovell, preparations were making to carry this
on a visit to Oxford, and their senti- fine project into execution, the whole
ments being perfectly in unison, the tri- scheme blew up by a spark of another
umvirate began to project schemes for description, and in the midst of their
ameliorating the condition of human so dreams of immortality, these rivals of
ciety.
Solon, Lycurgus, and Numa, became
They began their operations at Bris enamoured of three sisters of the name
tol in a course of Lectures delivered by of Fricker. Thus the business of Love
our young adventurer with considerable thrust out the mighty concern of what
applause, froin certain classes in that our old friend Jerry Bentham calls the
renowned trading city. Here, also, Mr. science of Codification, and in a short
Coleridge published two political pam- time our author and his two associates,
phlets, one entituled, “ Consciones ad instead of seeking happiness in the
Populum, or Addresses to the People ;" wilds of America, were content to sit
and the other, “ A Protest against cer- down in the bosom of domestic enjoy-
tain Bills then pending for Suppressing ment, according to the laws and usages
Seditious Meetings."
of their fathers. In plain terms, all
In an inauspicious hour also he was three married, and the scheme of foreign
persuaded to commence a weekly paper, colonization being given up, they began
called “The Watcliman;" and as the ob- to think abont settling in their own
ject of it was to ditluse the new political country. Mr. Coleridye went to reside
doctrines, he set out like Wildgoose in Mr. at Neiher Stowey, a small town near
Graves's admirable novel, to make pro. Bridgewater, where be contracted an
selytes, and, above all, to procure sub- acquaintance with Mr. Wordsworth, the
scribers. He commenced his campaign particulars of which have been already
at Birmingham ; but though the persons related in the account of that estimable
to whom he made his approaches were character.
strenuous advocates “ for liberty and At this period the circumstances of
truth, and all them sort of things," few our author were far from being com-
could be found to contribute their money fortable, and his principal subsistence
in aid of the proposed paper. Notwith. depended upon literary labours, the re-
standing the poor encouragement which mineration for which, at such a dis-
he met with in his northern tour, at tance from the metropolis, could not be
Manchester, Derby, Nottingham, Shef- adequate to the necessities of a growing
field, and all those places which were family. In this perplexity he was re-
most likely for his purpose, our author Tiered by the generous and muniticent
ventured to bring out The Watchunan, patronage of Mr. Josiah and Mr. Tho-
which languished on to the tenth num- mas Wedgwood, who enabled him to
ber, and then its warning voice was finish his education in Germany, where
heard no more.
he began to study the language at Rat-
This woeful disappointinent in bis zeburg; after acquiring which he went
political expectations was in some mea- through Hanover to Göttingen. Here
sure relieved by the favourable recep- he diligently attended the lectures of
tion given to a volume of poems, the Blumenbach on physiology and natural
quick sale of which induced him to a re. history; and those of Eichhorn on the
publication, with the addition of some New Testament: but his chief applica-
communications from his friends, Charles tion was to philosophy and polite litera-
Lanıb and Charles Lloyd.
ture. This important event in the life
Still the ardour for liberty, and the of Mr. Coleridge occurred in 1798, and
establishment of a perfect order of during his residence abroad he had the
things, continued to prevail, and Mr. satisfaction of mecting Mr. Wordsworth,
Coleridge, with his friends Southey and then on a tour in Germany with his sis-
Lovell, were bent upon trying their ter. At Hamburg the two poetical
skill as political philosophers, not in cor- friends were highly gratified by a visit
recting the evils of an old state, but in to Klopstock, who complained heavily
the settlcment of a new one. This of the bald traaslation of his great work


1819.]
Memoir of S. 7. Coleridge, Esq.
243
into our language, and said to Mr. Cole- blended with a darker power, deeper,
ridge, “I wish you would render into mightier, and more universal than the
English some select passages of the conscious intellect of man; than intel-
Messiah, and revenge me of your coun- ligence; all these thoughts and recol-
trvman." Soon after the return of our lections passed in procession before our
author from Germany he undertook the minds. My companion, who possessed
literary and political department of the more than his share of the hatred which
Morning Post, on entering into which his countrymen bore to the French, had
engagement it was stipulated that the just observed to me, “a Frenchman,
paper should be conducted on certain sir, is the only animal in the human
fixed and announced principles, from shape, that by no possibility can lift itself
which the editor should neither be up to religion or poetry." When, lo!
obliged nor requested to deviate in fa. two French officers of listinction and
vour of any party or circumstance. This rank entered the church! “ Mark you,”
connexion continued during the Ad- whispered the Prussian, “ the first thing
dington administration, after which, the which those scoundrels will notice, (for
paper being transferred to other pro- they will begin by instantly noticing the
prietors, Mr. Coleridge relinquished the statue in parts, without one moment's
inanagenient. While he was in this pause of admiration impressed by the
concern he published translations of whole) will be the horns and the beard.
two of Schiller's Dramas, on the story And the associations which they will
of Wallenstein.
immediately cominit with them, will be
Mr. Coleridge now became secretary those of a lle-Gout and a Cuckold."-
to Sir Alexander Ball, whom he accom- Never did man guess more luckily. Had
panied to Malta, of which island that he inherited a portion of the great legis-
distinguished officer was appointed go. Jator's prophetic powers, whose statue
vernor; but this situation our author did we had been contemplating, he could
not long retain, nor did it prove any other scarcely hare uttered words more coin-
wise advantageous to him than by extend- cident with the result ; for even as he
ing his knowledge of the world, and giv- had said, so it came to pass.“
ing him an opportunity of treading the During the wanderings of Mr. Cole-
classic ground of Italy. Here an anecdote ridge his wife and family resided under
occurs which we shall give in the author's the roof of Mr. Southev, at Keswick.
own words: “ When I was at Rome, and thither our poet bent his course on
among many other visits, to the tomb of his return to England.
Julius II. I went thither once with a We next find him lecturing on poetry at
Prussian artist, a man of genius and the Royal Institution, and an occasional
great vivacity of feeling. As we were writer in the Courier, his political prin-
gazing on Michael Angelo's Moses, our ciples having now undergone a complete
conversation turned on the horns and transmutation. In 1812 he produced a
beard of that stupendous statue ; of the series of miscellaneous Essays, entituled
necessity of each to support the other; “ The Friend ;" which, though they had
of the super-human effect of the former, but a very limited circulation, he has
and the necessity of the existence of subsequently revised, enlarged, and re-
both to give a harmony and integrity printed. The year following appeared
both to the image and the feeling ex- “ Remorse ;” a tragedy; and, latterly,
cited by it. Conceive them removed he has favoured the world with the
and the statue would become unnatural, “ Memoir of his Literary Life;" in two
without being supernatural. We called volumes; “ Sibylline Leaves ;" and
to mind the horns of the rising sun, and “ Christabel," a poem, of which it is
I repeated the noble passage from Tay- enough to say that it has received the
lor's Holy Dying.-That horns were unqualified praise of Lord Byron.
the emblem of power and sovereignty Mr. Coleridge is at present employed
among the Eastern nations; and are still in reading a course of lectures on poetry
retained as such in Abyssinia ; the Ache- and philosophy ; and we have reason also
lous of the ancient Greeks; and the pro- to believe that he is one of the writers
bable ideas and feelings that originally engaged on the Encyclopædia Metropo-
suggested the mixture of the human and litana, a scientific dictionary on quite a
the brute form in the figure, by which new plan, the prospectus of which is
they realtzed the idea of their mysteri- known to be his performance.
ous Pad, as representing intelligence
W


( 244 )
[April 1,
CRITICAL REMARKS ON NEW PUBLICATIONS.
Recollections of Japan; comprising a held by two other grooms, who went a little
particular Account of the Religion, at a distance from the others, so that these
Language, Government, Laws, and Man- four men occupied almost the whole road.
ners of the People, with Observations on The tail of the horse was covered with a
the Geography, Climate, Population, light blue silk bag. The governor, dressed
and Productions of the Country. By in his usual clothes, in which we had ofter
Captain GOLOWNIN, R. N. 8vo. pp. 302. seen him, sat without his hat upon a magni.
(Concluded from our last.)
ficent saddle, and held his feet in wooden
THE dresses of the Japanese are of a japanned stirrups, which resembled little
very peculiar description ; they consist boxes. The grooms who held the horse at
generally of a number of loose garments the bit, continually cried: Chai! chai !
with very large sleeves, put over each
that is, softly : however, they pushed on the
other, and fastened round the wait
horse, and made it leap and go quick, the
governor therefore stooped and held fast
with a girdle. The women are describ.
The saddle with both hands. At a short dis-
ed as attending eren more than the men tance before him went some soldiers in a
to magnificence in their apparel; one row with two serjeants, and though nobody
custom respecting which must be, in no was in the way, they continually cried :-
common degree, inconvenient. Besides - Make room! make room !" Behind the
a profusion of shorter dresses, they wear governor followed the armour-bearers, who
a robe with a train of several feet in carried all the insignia of his dignity in
length: and their vests or corsets some cases. This was to signily that the gover-
times amount to nearly a hundred! For nor was incognito. p. 136.
tunately, however, they are of so slight The Japanese have crected inile-stones,
a construction, that, according to Charle- or distance.posts, on most of their high
vois, half of them may be crainmed into roads, which are planted with arenues
a pocket.
of trees, and fountains, at intervals :
Tue fumale head-dress resembles the old their inns are commodious, but every
fashioned head-dresses of our ladies; with traveller is obliged to leave the room lie
this exception only, that the Japanese women has occupied perfectly clean and meat,
do not powder thein ; but put in the hair so that no person erer thinks of depart-
many flowers and ribands, and besides some ing from an inn until he has seen his
gold or silver bodkins, which resemble our apartment put into proper order, well
tuning keys. Of children who are not yet swept, and washed if necessary. The
five years old, the hair is cut every year cleanliness of the Japanese, with regard
differently: in some of them a circle is left **
to their habitations, is said even to sur-
round the head, which is braided with ri-
band : in others the hair is shaven from the
· pass the Dutch. They have a great
crown of the head, and left only on the tem-
taste for theatrical amusements, and ap-
pies and in the neck, and braided with ri pear particularly fond of music and
bands or artificial flowers. p. 123.
dancing : there is an instrument in use
The Japanese do not wear any stock anong thein which resembles a re-
ings, except in travelling: they call cumbent harp, a kind of violin ; and,
them Kafan; their shoes are made of besides this, various descriptions of futes,
straw, or slips of wood, but they last a and a drum.
very short time, being always of a very The Japanese spoke of many other kinds
slight texture. People of fortune in of instruments which were in use among
Japan travel with equipages somewhat them: but they were not to be found in
resembling our very old coaches, drawn Matsmai, and I could not comprehend of
either by horses or oxen: persons of in-
what description iney were. Notwithstand-
ferior rank generally on horseback, or in
ing the cheerful character of the Japanese,
litters. Our author, however, describes
their songs have something melancholy and
plaintive; their motions in singing always
a procession which he witnessed, of the
corresponded with the words, the attitudes
governor of Matsma, on horseback, to of the singer are therefore, frequently, very
à temple of thanksgiving he was accus- ridiculous; they make horrid grimaces,
tomed to visit every spring.
distort their eyes, turn up the whites, then
The high priest, the priests and officers ofted put on a cheerful face, or laugh with
who were obliged to be present, were gone one side of the face and cry with the other.
before. He rode alone without ceremony: During our stay in Chukolade there was a
a smal] train attended him on foot. To the servant with us, who was said to be a great
horses' bit there were fastened, instead of dancer; he had even danced on the stage,
the bridle, two light blue girdles, which two as they told us, and received níuch praise
grooms held tast on each side of the horse's from the public. This virtuoso was curi-
mouth : the two ends of these girdles were ous to see a Russian dance, he was there-


1819.]
Recollections of Japan.
213
fore obliged to exhibit before us, which he They shewed on the road from Mimai to
- willingly did, particularly as he thereby gave Yeddo, a place which they call a desert
our guards extraordinary pleasure. Two (Steppe) because a neighbouring river,
or three of them, boys of sixteen years of after heavy rains, overflows this spot, and
age, learned dancing of him, and imitated renders it unfit for cultivation. This desert
his grimaces with success. I often laughed is so immense, that the litter bearers, who
when I looked at them with my friend, M. carry travellers, when they set out in the
Moor, and remarked that this was probably morning meet with no village till noon, and
the first time that lessons in dancing were when they have rested, have to travel again
given in a prison. p. 141.
through the desert till sun-set. According
Among their amusements inay be to their way of travelling, in litters, they
reckoned their pleasure-boats, or yachts, must pass through two barren places, eacti
which are very expensive and magni- of which may be above 18 wersts; and this
ficent, a game at draughts of their own the Japanese term a desert. They also
invention, with four hundred pieces,
ces shewed us a plan of the capital; and told
and cards, to which they appear to be
us, that a man could not walk in one day
from one end of it to the other. When we
singularly addicted.
questioned the Japanese respecting its popu-
PRODUCTION OF THE COUNTRY, TRADE, lation, they affirmed that it contained up
AND COMMERCE.
wards of ten millions of inhabitants, and
Japan is, perhaps, the ri hest country were very angry when we doubled it. They
in the world. It produces in abundance; brought us the next day a paper from one
precious stones, gold, silver, copper, tin, of the officers who had been employed in
lead, mercury, tea, tobacco, silk, cotton,
the police in Yeddo. It was stated in this
salt, iron, coals, timber, rice, barley, and
paper, that the city of Yeddo has, in its
pop
almost every description of fruits and principal streets, two hundred and eighty-
and thousand houses, and in each of them there
veretables. It has few wild animals, live from thirty to forty people. Suppose
but all the domestic ones. The Japanese there were only thirty, the number of inha-
carry on a vigorous home trade, chiefly bitants must amount to eight millions four
by means of water transport: their hundred thousand; add to this the inhabit-
foreign commerce is confined to the ants of the small houses and huts, those who
Peninsula of Corea, China, the islands live in the open air, the imperial guard, the
in the Kurile Archipelago, and the guard of the princes in the capital, their
Dutch. The commercial communica- suites, &c., the number of the inhabitants
tion with Holland and China is limited
a must exceed ten millions. As a confirma-
tion of their assertions, the Japanese men-
to the port of Nangasaky. Formerly
tioned, besides, that Yeddo alone contained
the foreign trade of the Japanese was
36,000 blind people. To this we could say
much more extensive; and Europeans nothing, and neither allow the Japanese to
were then freely. admitted into their be right, nor contradict their assertions.
ports and the interior of the country; These data may, however, be very true; for
but these advantages were forfeited according to the plan of the city, and consi-
through the dangerous intrigues and dering the narrowness of the streets, it may
disgraceful conduct of the Jesuits, which fully contain ten millions of people: as the
provoked Zeru Sama, then emperor, to greatest diameter is more than eight Ja-
persecute Christianity and expel all Ei- panese Ri, or 32 to 35 wersts. p. 26.
ropeans. The revenues of the empire The military profession is hereditary :
are chiefly collected in produce. Six- the imperial soldiers possess many exclu-
tenths of the fruits of the land are paid sive and important privileges. Their
by the tenant to the proprietor ; the military dress for action is a suit of
Japanese have silver, gold, and copper complete armour, as far as the knees,
coins, and have invented a paper cur- but they do not carry shields. The
rency!
arms of the infantry consist of a sabre of
POPULATION AND MILITARY PORCE. unequalled temper, a dagger, a musket,
The population of Japan, with refer- and, occasionally, a pike. In the mili-
ence to its extent, is prodigious. The tary art they are, probably, three centu-
metropolis Yeddo, alone, is said to con- ries behind the Europeans.
tain ten millions of inhabitants.
NATIONS WHICH PAY TRIBUTE TO THE
To give us an idea of the population of
JAPANESE AND COLONIES.
the country, the literati and the interpreter,
The sway of the Japanese over their
drawn upon a very large long sheet of paper colonies and tributary states is repre-
On this map were marked not only all the sented as being exercised with a spirit
towns, but also the villages, so that the paper of equal wisdom and moderation. The
was hardly to be seen for the names written conquered people are allowed the benefit


1819.]
247
Ximenes, the Wreath, and other Poems.
vious: they never dared to imagine have had sympathy even with his lovely
themselves in the situations they were page, there are always some featurex
describing; they could, therefore oply which stamp the individual author's cha-
copy those generalities which were go- racter, as positively as that of the hero
verned by etiquette, and by the bienséance or renegade he delineates.
of a doubly artificial society. Our poets, Having waded through the verses of Mr.
by imitating them, learned speedily to Hobhouse, which, in spite of his intimacy
surpass then; thus Pope must certainly with such a character, are flat and arti-
be allowed to have excelled Boileau, with ficial, and possess few, if any, rodeeming
whom he seems to have trod the same points to save them from unqualified
bye paths to fame ; for no one can com- condemnation, we were anxious to ob-
pare the Lutrin with the Rape of the serve how far a writer, really possessed
Lock, without immediately perceiving of imagination, would be affected by an
the superiority of our poet in that very intercourse with our modern poetical
point upon which the Frenchman so Colossus. Nor have we, upon the whole,
particularly prided himself, picquante been disappointed in the idea we had
Faillerie. 'In his satires, also, Pope is formed upon the subject; for though the
evidently superior to his antagonist; poems before us contain many and great
none of the productions of Boileau will defects, they have also numerous beau-
stand the test of a comparison with the ties, and an individuality of spirit which
DUNCIAD.
breathes throughout, no less obvious,
There is, however, a style of compo. though of a very different complexion,
sition far superior to this: it is the than that of Lord Byron. We would
poetry of our early writers, but more not by any means he understood to in-
particularly, perhaps, that of the present stitute a comparison between such a mas-
age. We refer to such as depicts the in- ter of the “ various lyre," as the noble
dividual author, whether the poet at- lord and the immature efforts of, evi-
tempts to scale Olympus, and snatch the dently, a youthful bard. But we may
epic wreath from the band of Apollo, or point out resemblances between the two,
is content to tread the more retired which appear much more worthy of nor
windings of Parnassus, and pluck the tice, than the pretensions of those, who
bays, as a reward for a sonnet or an expect, by imitating passages only, to
elegy. Who does not dwell with more rank themselves in the same class as the
pieasure on those poems of Milton, in imitated. Throughout the minor pieces
which his unbedding mind pourtrayed in the present volume we observe, a me-
itself? Where, with such forceful ener- lancholv, and almost misanthropical state
gy, he has described the daring of the of mind arising, as we should conceive,
dæmon, in his attempts to free himself from a too unlimited indulgence of the
from what he considered thiraldom, be- imagination. If Lord Byron has exhi-
cause he felt in his own breast the same bited the result of the “fulness of sa-
indignant impatience of superior power? tiety," of pleasures, which by a too fre.
What is it that affects us in the character quent repetition, pall upon the senses ;
of Sampson, but the consciousness that and if he has exposed, in glowing co-
the poet depicted the miseries of blind- lours, that restlessness which ensues at
ness and disappointed greatness, because the expiration of the charm by which we
he himself was blind, and had had all his had been delighted-which is fed by
visions of ambition destroyed by the re- the hopes of some hitherto unattained
storation. Even the poems of Gray, enjoyment, the author before us appears
which consist merely of centos compos- to have pourtrayed those bitter feelings
ed of the thoughts of others, have al- of disappointment with which we con-
ways been popular, because they for the template the flat realities of life, after
most part breathe a tone of melancholy having exalted our minds with the bril-
which leads us into a mournfully pleasing liantly false, and fast-fading coloring of
contemplation of the distresses incident the imagination. The melancholy ob-
to mortality. But perhaps the strongest servable in all these poems does not seem
instance we could adduce is Lord Byron. to have resulted from satiety, but from
He has, apparently, poured forth the the consciousness of the unsubstantiality
whole enanguished bitterness of his soul of those forms of bliss which spring up
in his poems: and whether he depicts in beautiful succession beneath the wand
the Giaour content in a life of danger, of the enchantress, Fancy. Even in his
toil, and degradation, to have had one amatory verses the author seems hardly
bright moment of happiness in the arms to be aware, that “the beings of the
of Leila ; or Lara, who appears not to mind are not of clay;" for whilst he de.


248
Ximenes, the Wreath, and other Poems. (April 1,
scribes his hopes, he appears half to in the presence of the bride; he how-
doubt, whether if their object were ac- ever, only wounds him, but immediately
tually granted to him it would turn out kills himself. Ximenes, on being disco-
to be any other than the “baseless fa- vered as the instigator of the whole, is
bric of a dream,"—the mere personifica- confined in prison, where he puts an end
tion of his wishes.
to his existence, by poison.
The plot of the poem which forms the Our limits will only allow us to adduce
principal feature in the volume before a few passages as specimens of the per-
us, is original, and not founded upon any formance. The following will enable
tale or tradition; for the Jephtha and the reader to form a fair estimate of the
Abraham of the sacred writings-Aga- author's merits:-
memnon, Medea, and Brutus, so often
handled by ancient and modern authors, dimenes ( alone, after meeting with Gus-
appear in various situations as the sacri-
tarus)
ficers of their children: yet no writer, Gustavus ?--10; ’ris he, Francesco's self ;-
with whom we are acquainted, has ever He cannot with his hated name put off
attempted to represent an enemy as in-
e in His fiend-like form-at sight of which my
ducing a father to kill his child, knowing
wrongs
him to be such.
So fiercely rush upon my wildered mind,
That vengeance chasing every peaner
Count Orlando, disguised as a pilgrim,
thought
under the name of Ximenes, on arriving Fires my impatient soul. But hark! again
at Cyprus, in search of an enemy, who That brazen tone comes rolling on the
had deprired him of the woman he loved breeze;
and had been the murderer of his father, He is devout--devout !-religious fool,
discovers in the person of the bigot Gus- To think that tears can wash such guilt
tavus the object of his enquiry, bis for away.
mer friend, but now detested foe, Fran- I will behold him fondly bend, and kiss
cesco. Perceiving that he is oppressed His rosary, and see how weak the man
with the weight of his crimes, and in a
Who once with hoid unfeeling hardihood
Of life's best treasure robbed his foolish
state of mind bordering upon despair, he
friend.
obtains an introduction to his privacy, as
p. 11.
a pilgrim priest, who had visited the
Beside the rose all other flowerets hang
Their humble heads, so other beauties
Holy Land. In this sacred character he
strives to impress upon the mind of Gus. Where'er Eliza came. But oh! how far
drooped
tavus, by various hints and allusions, that Was every grace that toated round her
he is, to a certain degree, acquainted
with the nature of those crimes, which Bloomed on her cheek or sparkled in her
the bigot imagines are entirely unknown, eye,-
and by this means gains an ascendancy How far were these below the gentle charm,
over bis mind, which he could not others That checked my angry words ere passion
wise have obtained. Gustavus is, in spoke,
the event, wrought into such a state of And melted me to tears, whene'er she soothed
fear and weakness, that Ximenes makes
The orphan's sigh, or suffering peasant's
him believe, during a violent storm, that
groan.
p. 13.
the voice of God ealls upon him to pre-
My heart then opened to the sun of love,
As the soft harebell, when Aurora's tints
vent his son, then about to marry an in-
Glow in the east, expands its silken leaves
fiel, from ruining his hopes of heaven,
To the life-giving orb.
by immolating him before the commis-
sion of the crime. The next morning, Gus. Last night I lay reclined on yonder
on the terrified father's requesting the chill
advice of Ximenes. the latter reveals And sought oblivion galing on the sun :
what he himself pretended to have wit.
Its blood-red disk was setting in the west,
nessed ; taking care, at the same time, to
And all the clouds—the heavens--the sea
were clothed
invent such a relation as would still fur-
" In vest of crimson light. The air was still,
ther confirm Gustavus in his belief that 'No breath was stirring-no green ware was
he had received the divine authority to
ved the divine authority to breaking;
perpetrate the deed upon which he ap- The distant cliffs of ancient Greece were
peared bent. The latter, at length, de lost
termines to sacrifice his son, and alter In the red coloured air, and the few rocks,
various struggles with his parental atfec- That nearer reared their heads, récined
tion, and vain endeavours to force him to wrapt in sleep.
p.41.
forego his intentions towards Euphemia, Along the western coast, myself and child
the infidel lady, he attempts to stab him Were sailing o'er the softly sweller. waves,


1819.]
Ximenes, the Wreath and other Poems.
249
A gale o’ertook our vessel in its way; My brain grows wildered and my heart
The sails yet flying caught the tempest's but grieves ;
force;
Thou canst not speak the love consuming
And soon the lofty mast, riven by the shock, fire
Fell, and was buried in the boiling surge; That burns my heart—mine eyes of tears
Then quick the heaving billows swept the bereaves.
deck,
E’en, e'en that smile, which like the evening
As if, when each tumultuous wave retired. dew
It gained new strength. Weary at length That falls upon the parched field, would
and spent
smooth
We both were hurled into the yawning deep; My furrowed brow, as round her lips it flew,
Euphemia, carried by the rapid tide,
Now fails in power my writhing pains to
Was struggling seen from shore.-Thy no-
sooth;
ble son,
For dark despair has seized upon my breast,
l'nmindful of the proudly beating storm, And laughs at its own ruin, scoffing me,
Heedless of all save her, rushed to her It snatches in its bony clutch, from resi
rescue:
My sinking heart, and points the while to
With one firm hand he bore my sinking
thee:
child,
Then go, let the winds whisper mid thy
The other buffetted the curling waves,
strings,
Which angry, at their loss, their braving load Thy note no longer soothing pleasure
Dashed with impetuous fury on the strand,
brings.
p.130.
p. 53.
ON MAN.
How sweet it is to breathe this air--the Man's restless mind will often seek,
storm
Forgetting that his power is weak,
Which threatened but some moments since To soar above, and snatch from heaven
to huri
The thunders that to clouds are given ;
All that now smiles around to utter ruin, Boasting himself the lord of all,
Has cooled the breeze, and all the choiristers Hed have, obedient to his call,
Ol' night, seem now with song to celebrate The hidden stores of earth below
Great natures's triumph ofer some fallen And planets that above him glow:-
foe.
Would strive to tear the veil that's placed
The smiling verdure round, now seems to Before the sphere by Godhead graced,
wear
Forgetful that his mortal eye
Attire most gay; for every leaf displays Was never formed to look so high;
Radiant in silvery light of yon pale orb Would with despotic slavery strive
A thousand gems.
p. 67. To chain the power that bade him live.
* * * p. 150
Among the minor poems of Dr. Poli-
dori; in the “ Lines written at Grim-
SONNET.
I'm tired of this mortality ;-for years
sel," and the Dream, he appears forcibly
I scorned this nature; for methought I saw
to have depicted the peculiarities of his
Nought but the marks of virtue caused by
own mind.
• In vain I seek these solitary rocks, . Of what the stronger might make into law.
Which seem to leave no track upon their Methought that souls, like the cameleon's
side
skin,
For man to tread upon :- these daring blocks Could every hue invest;-the hero, knave,
Of the world's masonry, o'er which storms Or any mask that could a purpose win,
glide
Or help the various plot of passion's slave,
Powerless. unmoved, stern in their might And now that I have found some who per-
yet stand,
form
And leave no room for man's destructive The noblest acts; not for the use alone,
hand.
But that their hearts were cast in Virtue's
Yet I am vainly hid within their breast;
mould :
They cannot breathe on me their quiet rest, I scorn mortality, which cannot form
Man's passions will intrude-man’s wants A word, worthy of virtue's heavenly
assail
throne,
E'en nie, whose tongue is dumb, save when At such a sight my feelings to unfold.
• the gale
Strikes on my ear with harsh but plaintive'
SONNET.
note;
What though a waste of dark green waves
Exciting words which mingle with its float, Shall flow between my love and me;
And make the echoing rocks respond my 'Tis nought; the foam which ocean paves
grief,
Shall serve to bear my thought to thee.
As if I'd take from sympathy relief. p.112. What though the Alps with snowy vest
SONNET.
Shall stand between my form and thine;
To my Lyre.
The eagle, often cloud-capt nest,
I dare no more to strike thee, lovely lyre! Shall fly and bear my thought to thine,
New MONTHLY Mag.–No. 63. VOL. XI.
2 k
tears
p. 165.


239
[April 1,
Memoirs of Count de Las Casas.
And though e'en time should interpose, cal expression, and the following ple-
Between my heart and its desire;
onasm is decidedly objectionable :
"Tis nought; the breast for thee that glows, Must I then, once again, call up afresh, Bac.
Shald never feel another's fire,
Nor can e'en thought ere find repose
Such blemishes, however, might easily
Save when with thee I most admire.
have been corrected, had the author been
p. 16. in less haste to make his debut before
We will conclude our extracts with
the public. It is a complaint very com-
le mon against young writers (and poets
the author's farewell sonnet to his book.
in particular) that their impatience to
Farewell !-farewell !--the hopes I've built be made acquainted with their doom,
on thee
and have their compositions submitted
will fail too, like the rest: I heed it not; to the public eye is so great, that they
Far bitterer pangs than thou canst bring to me
will not allow themselves time to cor-
I've borne withal. Tho' such may be
thy lot,
rect such inaccuracies of style as escape
I will no more revile thee than the sire
them in the heat of inspiration. Could
His son, tho'graceless he may prove, and they but be persuaded to lay aside their
leave
productions for some time, if possible
His grey hairy hopeless :-no; whate'er my forget them, and then peruse them for
lyre
the purpose of final preparation, they
• Hath sung is thine, thou chronicler of would have an opportunity of remodel-
grief!
ling, in dispassionate moments, such of
And I shall be most glad to read thy page
the currency of their imagination as hap-
When memory legs, and life is lost in age; pened to be injured in the mintage,
Tho' thou mayst tell of hope for ever gone
but which their attention to the main
A heart that withered finds itself alone
Midst crowds--a stranger midst its friends,
object prevented them at the time from
• To which its sympathy do being lends.
observing.
P: 103. Memoirs of EMMANUEL AUGUSTUS DIU-
Besides several errors of the press we DONNE, COUNT DE LAS Casas, commu-
should notice as a considerable" blemish nicated by Himself. 8vo. pp. 228.
in the present volume, the too frequent
Whenever Fate shall put the final
recurrence of the saine cxpressions - for seal upon the fortunes of Napoleon in
instance :
this world, the materials for a complete
Thou art my only hope! from thee I part,
public and private history of the man
will not be wanting. Every month
Hoping, &c.
My heart was light was full of hopes of glee;
produces some new information on his
past adventures, or his present condi-
For I have hoped, &c.
tion ; and for our parts, we are neither
But see my fellow-captires come this way,
If thou wilt come, &c.
sorry to observe the interest taken in
the subject, nor willing to repress the
Many verses are, also, rendered unin ardour of curiosity. These perform-
telligible by the inversion of grammatical ances may all be useful in the way of in-
position, and the omission of the neces- struction, and as furnisbing hints for
sary articles; as in the following pas- future biographers. The author of this
sages :-
voluinc, though an insufferable egotist,
When wreath has some claims to attention, on account
Of many colour'd flowers fading placed of his near connexion with the exile of
By lover's hand.
St. Helena ; and the reader who is above
Like the white-haired glisten being influenced by prejudices, will de-
On old man's head
rive no small amusement from the pe-
The lips of hungry babe.
rusal of the Memoirs, even while he de-
The sound that tells my grief may even float
boat spises the vanity of the author. The
On the wave sonened as it falls froin lyre, &c. following is a sketch of Napoleon's
mode of living, and of its correctness we
Some prosaic lines occur, such as
have no reason to form a doubt; though
Ere my lips speak renews my heart's an- the coucluding observations carry SO
much malignity in them as to be wholly
The Iman says a pilgrimage to Mecca made, unworthy of animadversion.
I introduced
The Emperor sleeps very little : he
This villain to her house for he promised. goes early to bed, and as he knows that I
am also a had sleerer, he frequently sends
; “Rapt in sleep' is incorrect; it should
for me to bear him
for
company till he falls
be “wrapt," &c.“ Blab" is not a poeti- asleep: he wakes pretty regularly about


1819.)
251
The Delphin Classics.
three o'clock, when a light is brought him, make up a complete set from the same
and he works till six or seven : he then lays source. A mere reprint, therefore, of
himself down again to endeavour to sleep a the old edition, “ with all its imperfec-
second time ; about nine o'clock breakfast tions on its head," and that it has many
is served to him, on a small round table, a its puinerous pages of Errata too plainly
sort of queridon beside his couch; here he acknowledure would have been highly
frequently sends for one of us : he then
reads, works, or slumbers during the or-
acceptable to the public; but when we
pressive heat of the day; he afterwards dic-
see the innumerable advantages with
tates to us. For a long time he used, which it now comes forth, both with re-
about four o'clock in the afternoon, to také spect to the splendour of its appearance,
us all out with him in the caleche, but at the convenience of its arrangement,
last he got tired of this, as he before did of the improvement of its text, and the
riding; he now continues to walk till the great additional information which is
humidity of the air compels him to return contained in the notes, as drawn froia
to the house. If he remains out after four the critical labours of the learned
o'clock in the open air, he is certain of during the last century we cannot but
during the last century, we cannot but
being seized in the evening with rheumatic
pains in the head, a pretty severe cough,
to
exult
exult in it as a work of which any age
and violent tooth-ache. On his return, he
'; and any country might be proud, and
dictates till about eight o'clock; he then re- whic
re which will retiect lasting credit on the
pairs to the diping-room, and plays a game enterprize and liberality of its editor.
of chess before dinner. During the dessert, The long list of subscribers to this edi-
when the servants have withdrawn, he tion, nearly amounting to eight hun-
usually reads to us some passages from our dred persons, among whom are to be
best poets, or from some other books of im- found nearly all the most distinguished
portance. These are the most minute de- names in the kingdom, is a sufficient
tails of the manner in which the Emperor proof, at once, how greatly it was con-
at present lives : he would esteem himself
sidered a desideratum, and how ready
happy in his distance from the rest of the
world, were it permitted him, amidst our
a support has been afforded to the un.
pious and careful attentions, forgotten by
dertaking, which is in itself one of so
men, to live for a few hours only free from
much magnitude, that it probably would
suffering: but since the arrival of the new not, at this period of time, have been
Governor, neither a day, nor an hour, nora conceived or fostered in any other coun-
moment passes in which he does not receive try except our own. The large paper
fresh wounds; a ating may be said to be in copy fully justifies the expectation which
constant operation to tear open the wounds, had been formed of its magnificence,
the pain of which a short slumber might and will stand forth as a gratifying
have somewhat deadened.
specimen, both at home and abroad, of
The Delphin Classics, with variorum the perfection which the typographic
Notes. Intitled the Regent's Edition. art has attained in this country. We
No. ).
have no doubt that the edition will be
It would open a wide field were we to in as much request on the continent as
expatiate on all the services which the among ourselves, notwithstanding which,
new and corrected edition of the Delphin the editor, in order to make a decided
and Variorum Classics, may be consider- difference in favour of those who are the
ed as rendering to the cause of learning, foremost to prove their readiness to
in the present day. The finest library support liim in his laudable design,
would be deemed incomplete without very properly has raised the price of
the classic authors, whose works have the work to new subscribers, which, as
long been considered as best preserved only a small number over the subscrip-
in the original Delphin und Variorum tion will be printed, is likewise the
Edition - hence it has always been surest way to make the work itself valna-
sought with an avidity which has ren- ble for its rarity as well as for its own
dered it scarcely possible at present for intrinsic and exceeding merit.
even the most industrious collector to
MONTHLY REGISTER.
AGRICULTURE.
ARTS.
The Gardener's Remembrancer. By A Treatise on Spinning Machinery, illus-
James Macphail. 12mo. 7s.6d.
trated by Plates. By A. Gray. 8vo.
A Survey of the Agriculture of Eastern 10s. 6d.
and Western Flanders; made under the au- The Gas Blow-Pipe, or Art of Fusion by
thority of the Farming Society of Ireland. burning the Gaseous Constituents of Water,
By the Rev. T. Radclife. 8vo. 10s. 6d. By D. Clarke, LL.D. 8vo. 5s.6d.


252
(April 1,
New Publications, with Critical Remarks.
BIBLIOGRAPIY.
purpose of initiating young people into a know-
Catalogue of Books, principally Foreign, ledge of history. The author has certainly the
now selling by J. H. Bohte and Co. York talent of condensing a great deal of valuable
Street.
information into a very small space, and he has
A Catalogue of Books, on Medicine, Sur-
never given a stronger instance of this power than
in the volumne before us. The style is clear and
gery, Anatomy, &c., &c., imported from the
simple, and well calculated to suit the capacities
Continent, by Boosey and Sons, Broad
of youthful readers, without being so foolishly per.
Streei; also a Catalogue of Foreign En-
spicuous as to disgust those of a more advanced
gravinys, Wood-cuts, &c., &c.
age; au error by no means uncommon in the ele.
A Catalogue of Books in various Branches mentary works of the present day. Mi. Jamieson
of Literature, including a large Collection of deserves so much from the public for his many
Tracts, Single Sermons, &c., sold by F. C. meritorious efforts to improve the rising genera-
and J. Rivingtons, Waterloo Place.
tion, that we feel assured his name will attract suf.
General Catalogue of Old Books on Sale
ticient consideration to that which has given rise
at Baynes's, 54, Paternoster Row. 8vo. 38.
to the present observations, to obviale the neces.
sity of any further recommendation from us.
A Catalogue of Rare and Curious Books,
on Sale by Longman and Co. Vol. II. Part
A New and Easy Introduction to the Ger-
I. 2s.6d.
man Reading. By W. Heinemann. 12mo.
BIOGRAPHY.
4s. 6d.
Memoir of the Rev. Henry Martyn, B. D.
First Lessons in Latin, consisting of Selec-
8vo. 123.
tions in Latin Construing, designed as an
Memoirs of the late Rev, W. Kingsbury,
Introduction to Eutropius and Phædrus.
A.M. By John Bullar. 8vo. 7s.
By the Rev. John Evans 12mo. 2s.
The History of Seyd Saïd, Sultan of Mus- A Sketch of Modern History, from the
cat, with an account of the Countries and
destruction of the Western Empire, 476, to
People of the Shores of the Persian Gulph. the year 1818. By A. Picquot. 12 mo. 6s. 6d.
particularly the Wahabecs. By Shaik Man-
French Pronunciation exemplified, and all
sur. 8vo. 12s.
the most elegant Figures of the French Lan-
BOTANY.
guage collected and explained both in Eng-
An Appendix to the Synopsis Plantarum
lish and French. By M.C. M. De Bellcour.
Succulentarum cum descriptionibus Syno-
12mo, 5s,
nymis. Auctore A. H. Haworth. 8vo. 5s.
The Italian Pronunciation exemplified in
COMMERCE.
English. By C. Bruno. Roy. 18mo. 5s.
The London Commercial Dictionary and The first four rules of Arithmetic, for
Sea Port Gazetteer. By William Anderson.
the use of Junior Pupils. By T. W.C. Ed-
8vo. 27s.
wards, A. M. 8vo. Is. 6d.
Tables of Customs, &c. By W. Ander-
HISTORY.
derson. 8vo. 5s.
Historical and Unrevealed Memoirs of the
Hood's Improved Publican's Ledger Political and Private Lile of Napoleon Bona-
Foolscap folio, half bound.
, parte, from 1781 to 1798. 12mo. pp. 172.
The Immaculate and Infallible Ready
We know not what degree of credit is to be at.
Reckoner. By W. Coshead. 12no. 4s.
tached to this volume, but the French original
The Commercial Nlagazine. No. 1. 8vo. from which it is extracted, was immediately
seized upon by the police; and so complete was
DRAMA
this suppression, that we have heard even the
Raffaelle Cunaro, a Tragedy. By Thos. French embassarior had not beon able to procure a
Jas. Serle. 8vo. 2s. 6d.
copy, and borrowed the one employed in this
Evadne, or the Statue; a Tragedy, in Five translation for his own perusal. There are many
Acts; as performed at the Theatre Roval. interesting pictures of the tyrant contained in it,
Covent Garden. - By Richard Shiel, esq. have been entirely hidilen from the publiceye. He
and generally of those years and moments which
8vo, 3s.
The Italians, or the Fatal Accusation; a
is represcuted as having forined very early vague
visions of power; and the voluine would be inte.
Tragedy: with a Preface, containing the restieg if it contained nothing but a memorial
Correspondence of the Author with the Com- which this blood-sucher addressed to Louis XVI.
mittee of Drury Lane Thcatre, P. Moore, telling him how to act while yet he had the power
esq. M. P. and Mr. Kean. By the Author of ordering.
of “ The Philosophy of Nature,” and
LAW.
“ Amusements in Retirement." 8vo. 38. A Collection of several points of Sessions'
EDUCATION.
Law, alphabetically arranged; contained in
Burns and Williams on the Office of a
Conversations on History; exhibiting a Justice. Blackstone's Commentaries, East
Progressive View of the State of Mankind,
and Hawkins on Crown Law, Addington's
from the earliest ages of which we have any Penal Statutes, and Const and Nolan on the
authentic records, to the beginning of the
Poor Laws. By the Rev. S. Clapham, A.M.
year 1819; for the use of Schools and Pri-
vate Instruction. By Alexander Jamieson.
This valuable compilation is so adoirably calcu-
12mo. 6s.
lated to attord ready information on every subject
*The plan of this work appears to us an evident counected with the Law, and is withal so carefully
improvenient upon those in general use, for the and systematically arranged, as to enable the reader
2s.


1819.)
253
New Publications, with Critical Remarks.
to take a comprehensive view, from the authority universal conclusions from, or of establishing an
of the several authors quoted, of every subject invariable treatment for, the cure of distempers
which has ever come under their cognizance. To from the success which may have attended a few
private individuals, wishing to make themselves partial experiments, affords an useful lesson-one,
acquainted with any particular point of law, it we trust, which will not have been vainly delivered
will save an immensity of trouble and reference; -of the hazard aud folly of confiding in the uni-
as they will find, under one brief head, the cream versal efficacy of any advertised nostrum ; since
of the authors inertioned in the title page, and it is evident, from what is now so ably advanced
thus save themselves the labour consequent upon by Sir Gilbert Blane, that the same medicine which
the investigation of the authorities, at large. may be successfully employed in the cure of one
Clarke's New Law List for 1819.
New Law List for 1819
12mo.
en patient, with reference to his previous habits and
constitution, cannot, in many cases, be administered
6s.
to another, labouring under the same malady, tut
Reports of Cases, principally on Practice
of different habits and constitution, without its
and Pleadings, and relating to the office of
being either dangerous or inefficient. This fact
Magistrates, determined in the Court of
sliould deter all reasonable persons from the use
King's Bench in Hilary Term. By J. Chitty. of empirical drugo, of whose qualities and coinpo.
Vol. I. Part 1. Royal 8vo. 7s 6d.
sition they are ignorant. We conjecture that it
will be some time before the proprietors of the
MEDICINE, SURGERY, &c.
Vegetable Balsam, Balm of Quito, Nervous Cordial,
Elements of Medical Logic. By Sir Gil Balm of Gilead, Tincture of Rusahiri, &e., &c..
bert Blane, bart.
will present Sir Gilbert Blane with the freedom of
their fraternity in a gold box, in return for his
The author of this volume las compressed,
laudable suggestions.
within a very small compass, au analyucal review
of the main principles on which true medical sci-
Observations on the Treatment, Patholo-
ence is founded, and has afforded very iinportant gy, and Prevention of Typhus Fever. 8vo.
rules for the exeinplification of those principles in 7s.6d.
the beneficial practice of the physician. Disclaim. A Memoir on the Termination and Con-
ing an attachinent to any particular theory, Sir Gil- nections of the Crural Arch. By Robert-
bert Biane collects, under nine distinct heads, the Liston. 4to. 7s.
most material facts in primary elements, which form
A Series of Engravings, representing the
the ground work of physiological and pathological
Bones of the Human Skeleton. By E.
science. He then proceeds to enumerate, briefly,
Mitchell. Part I. 4to. 10s.
some of the speculations which have been formed
by eminent physicians and naturalists, with a view Observations on the Nature and Treatment
to explain the phenomena which distinguish the of the Epidemic Fever. By Henry Clutter-
agency of the organic laws, in energies which go buck, M. D. 8vo. 8s.
rern the system of the animal economy, and the An Essay on the Diseases of the Excret-
important practical errors which have resulted from ing Parts of the Lachrymal Organs. By
such speculations. The sequel of the volume is W. Mackenzie. 8vo. 4s. 6d.
devoted to a statenient of the difficulties which
MINERALOGY.
obstruct the acquisition, by the medical practitioner,
of a correct knowledge of the theory of diseases;
The Mineralogical Noinenclature, alpha-
betica
and particularly of that inomentous branch of phy-
sical research, the accurate discrimination of the By T. Allen. 8vo. 128.
boundary line which separates the operations of
MISCELLANEOUS.
nature, in repelling, by its plastic energies, the in-
Specimens of Irish Eloquence, now first
roads of a distemper, and the succours which may
arranged and collected, with biographical
be co-ordinately afforded by art. As a striking
notices and a preface. By Charles Phillips.
proof of the bazard which attends the indiscrimi.
nate application of the same general characteristic
8vo. 13s.
term to different species of disorders, which may
Warden Refuted ; being a defence of the
appear to correspond with each other in some par British navy against the misrepresentations
ticular symptoms, although widely different in their of his work entitled a Statistical, &c. View
origin, and acquiring very opposite modes of treat- of the United States. 810. 28. 6d.
ment, Sir Gilbert Blane alludes to tbe three pre- A Short Memoir of an Antiane Medal
dominant fevers in the West Indies, and explains, bearing on ove side the representation of
st considerable length, and, we think, satisfactorily,
Christ, and on the other a curious Hebrew
the grounds of his opinion, that the yellow fever,
inscription. By the Rev. T. R. England.
one of the three diseases above alluded to, is fortui.
tously derived from the confined and infectious
8vo. 3s.
air in the holds of crowded vessels in warın cli.
MUSIC.
mates, and that it is communicated by contact with The Thorough Bass Primmer: contain-
the sick, in their clothes and utensils; but that it ing explanations and examples of the rudi-
is not a distemper originating from animal patre. ments of harmony, with fifty exercises. By
faction, or indigenous to any insalubrious state of J. F. Burrows.
the air, excepting that, in this last particular, it re-
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
quires a high temperature to sustain the infection.
Elements of Natural Philosophy, illustrat-
Our limits will not allow us to pale any citations
ed by experiments, which may be performed
from this valuable work; but we should be acting
without regular apparatus. By James
unjustly to the benevolent intentiods of the inge-
Mitchell, M. A. 12mo 8.
nious author, if we did not slate, that the view
which he has taken of the extreme difficulty of ac.
NOVELS.
quiring a competent knowledge of the theory of
Oakwood Hall. By Catherine Hutton.
medical science, and of the danger of deducing 3 vols. 12mo 16s 6d.


254
(April 1,
l'arieties, Literary, Scientific, &c.
A Traveller's Tale of the Last Century, pared with the Caited States of America.
Svols. 12mo 16s. 6d.
By C. F. Greece. 8vo. 5s.
London; or, a Month at Stevens's: a sa A Second Letter to the Right Hon. Ro-
tirical novel. By a late Resident. 3 vols. 2ls. bert Peel, M. P. on the Increase of Pan-
Hesitation ; or to Marry and not to Mar- perism. By one of his Constituents. 8vo.
ry. 3 vols 12mo. 189.
3s, 6d.
The Peasant of Auburn; or, the Old
THEOLOGY
Man's Tale. 8vo. 4s. 6d.
Sermons, preached at the Tron Church,
Albany; a Novel. 3 vols. 12mo 16s. 6d. Glasgow. By Dr. Chalmers. 8vo. 12s.
The Express, 3 vols. 12mo 15s.
The Family Prayer Book, with Notes.
Les Parvenus, ou Les Aventures de Ju. By the Rev. Dr. Mant. 4to.
lien Delmours. Ecrite par Lui-Même. Par Discourses on some of the most im-
Madame La Comtesse de Genlis. 3 tom. portant Doctrines and Duties of Christianity.
12mo. 188.
By P. Smith. 8vo. 10s. 6d.
POETRY.
Illustrations of the Holy Scriptures, in
Poetical Remains of the late John Leyden, three parts. By the Rev. Geo. Paxton. 2
D. N. By the Rev. J. Morton. 8vo. 12s. vols. 8vo. 11. 6s.
The Works of the Right IIon. Lord Lectures on Physiology, Zoology, and
Byron. Vol. 7. foolscap 7s.
the Natural History of Man, delivered at
Autumnal Excursions; or, Sketches in the Royal College. By W. Lawrence, F.R.S.
Tiviordale ; with other Poems. By Thos. 8vo. 21s.
Pringle. Foolscap 810. 6s.
Sermons. By Edward Maltby, D.D. 8vo.
Glaucus and Scilla. By Thomas Lodge. 12s.
With notes, by S. W. Singer, Esq. 8vo. 7s. A due observance of the Lord's Day, a
Tom Crib's Memorial to Congress, with Sermon, delivered before the Pimlico,
a Preface, Notes, and Appendix. By one Chelsea, and Brompton Association. By
of the Fancy. Foolscap 8vo. 59. 6d. the Rev. R. H. Shepherd, Minister of
Gems of British Poesy, many of which Ranelagh Chapel. Svo, ls.
have not been before collected. 32mo. 2s.6d. Course of Lectures on Subjects con-
Lipes written at Ampthill Park. Fools- nected with the Corruption, Revival, and
cap 8vo. 5s.6d.
future Influence of genuine Christianity.
POLITICS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. By J. W. Fox. 8vo. 9s.
A Commentary on the Treaties entered
TOPOGRAPHY.
into between the Allied Sovereigns for the views in Sussex, consisting of Scenery in
purpose of preventing their subjects from the Rape of Hastings. By J. M. Turner, &c.
engaging in any illicit traffic in slaves. By &c. royal folio. 3).
Dr. S. Thorpe. 8vo. 33.
VOYAGES AND TRAVELS.
Letters from the Count Las Casas, con- The Personal Narrative of M. de Hum-
sisting of a letter to Prince Lucien Buona- boldt's Travels to the Equinoctial Regions,
parte, with an account of the circumstances during the years 1799–1804. Translated
attending his arrest and removal from St. by Helen Maria Williams. 4 vols. 8vo. 183.
Helena. With an appendix of official cor- An Account of the Arctic Regions, includ-
respondence with Sir Hudson Lowe, &c. ing the Natural History of Spitzbergen and
8vo. 8s.
the adjacent Islands. By W. Scoresby. 2
Areopagitica, a Speech to the Parliament vols. 8vo.
of England, for the Liberty of Unlicensed A Tour through Sicily in the year 1815.
printing. By John Milton ; with remarks By Geo. Russell. Ilustrated by a map and
and notes, by T. Holt White. 8vo. 14s. plates. 8vo. 216.
Noble's Instructions to Emigrants, an at- Travels in Various Countries of Europe,
tempt to give a correct account of the Asia, and America. By E. D. Clarke, L.L.D.
United States of America, and offer some Section first, 410. 41, 14s. 6d.
information which may be useful to those A Statistical Political and Ilistorical Ac-
who have a wish to emigrate to the republic, count of the United States of America. By
and particularly to those of the poorer class. D. B. Warden. 3 vols. 8vo, 21. 2s.
8vo. 2s. 6d.
Letters from the North of Italy. By W.
Observations on Penal Jurisprudence and S. Rose. 2 vols. 8vo. 18s.
the Reformation of Criminals. By W. Ros- The Mission from Cape Coast Castle to
coe. Svo. 9s.
the kingdom of Ashantee, in Africa. By T.
Facts and Observations relative to Cana. Bowditch, esq. 4to. 31. 3s.
da. Proving that the British Colonies pos- A Journey from Moscow to Constan-
sces superior advantages to emigrants com- tinople in the year 1817 and 1818. By W.
Macmichael, M.D. 4to. 1. Ils. 60.
VARIETIES-LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &c.
UNIVERSITIES,
part of Volumpia's speech, beginning with
CAMBRIDGE. - PORSON PRIZE.- The --" Thou know'st, great son,
passage fixed upon for the present year is, The end of war's uncertain."
Shakspeare, Coriolanus, Act V. Scene 3. And ending with


1819.7
Varieties, Literary, Scientific, fc.
255
« Let us shame him with our knees.” rich in rare specimens, merits, by the wise
Which is to be translated into lambic Aca. care of the director, Mr. Charles Von
talectic Trimeters, according to the laws laid
Schreiber, both on account of the scientific
down by the professor in his preface to the
arrangement, and the tasteful manner in
Hecuba of Euripides.
which the whole is displayed, the palm of
The Rev. John Palmer has resigned his
excellence above all in Europe. The dibi-
office of Professor of Arabic. There are se-
gence of this naturalist, who is highly esteem-
veral candidates for the professorship,which
ed in foreign countries also, has converted
is in the appointment of the Vice-chan-
the chaos which only ten years ago gave
cellor and the other Masters of Colleges.
the Imperial Cabinet of Natural History the
Feb. 26.-We are gratified in having to
appearance of a mass of confusion, by judi-
announce, that the valuable Oriental MSS.
cious careful arrangement, into a systema-
bequeathed to this university by the cele-
tic panorama, which justly excites the admi-
brated African traveller Burckhardt, con-
ration of the learned and unlearned natives
sisting of upwards of 300 volumes, have
and foreigners. A good and detailed ac-
safely arrived, and are now deposited in the count of it, is contained in Charles Bertuch's
public library.-- Cambridge Chronicle.
remarks on a Tour from Thuringia to Vi-
Professor Giesecke's Greenland Muse-
enna, in 1805.1806, published at Vienna, in
um.--The late English expeditions to the
1810, and in the Guide to Vienna and its
porthern polar regions have attracted the
Curiosities, published in 1818,by Artania and
attention of all Europe, and though they
Company.
have failed in attaining the objects proposed, Professor Giesecke's collection consists,
they have afforded important information lst, of a treasure of valuable minerals, most
respecting geology and natural history; for of them extremely rare, the great worth of
ibe ancient accounts, often hastily written, which will doubtless be set in a proper light
do not furnish any complete picture of the by the learned Vienna mineralogist, Mr.
natural history, the manners, and the way Von du Muhlfeld. 2dly. Of dried Green-
of life of the inhabitants of Greenland. Yet, land plants. 3dly. Of skulls of remarkable
in a scientific point of view, scarcely more animals, for instance, of the whale (Balena
is to be expected from these expeditions Mysticetus) of immense size of the Narval
than from a single man, who out of love to (Monodox Monoceros,) a great rarity, hav-
the science of natural history resided seven ing two teeth-of the sea-horse (Trechecas
years and eight months (like another Ro Rosmarus)-several stuffed seals (Phoca) of
binson) in Greenland, braved all the hard different ages, 6.g. the common seal (Phoca
ships of that inclement climate, and in un- vetulina,) the Phoca fætida—the sea lion,
favourable circumstances, collected a trea. (Phoca cristata,) with a new, hitherto un-
sure of natural productions, which will al- known, kind-a spotted seal, which Gie-
ways be a monument of an uncommon spi- secke therefore calls the (Phoca pantherina)
rit of enquiry, and indefatigable diligence. - the white and blue fox (Isatis Arctica, La-
This man is Mr. Charles Lewis Giesecke, gopus Groenlandica)--a great number of
formerly an actor in the great theatre of sea fowl, in admirable preservation ; shell-
Schikaneder, in the suburbs of Vienna, and fish, &c. 4thly. Dresses of the Greepland-
author of the favourite burlesque of Ham- ers, arms and instruments, neatly, and even
let, and other pieces, now commander of the elegantly worked; models of their vessels,
Royal Danish Order of Dannebrog, profes- and the tackling belonging to them; the
sor of natural history at Dublin, and direc- whole apparatus for catching whales, in
tor of the cabinet of natural history in miniature, &c. I pass over the paintings of
that city. He had, at an earlier period, scenes in Greenland, which perfectly repré-
amused himself with mineralogy-left the sent that frightful country, and a number of
theatre to apply himself exclusively to that other curiosities which the public will soon
science-went to Copenhagen, was made behold scientifically arranged to their entire
Danish counsellor of mines, and undertook satisfaction. We have to expect from Pro-
the direction of an expedition to Greenland: fessor Giesecke a circumstantial description
having remained there four years, he sent of Greenland, and of his travels, with maps
the first fruits of his diligence to Denmark. and views of various places, which will be
But it being war time the ship was captured published in London, in English and Ger-
on tre voyage by an English cruizer, and man.
the cargo sold in Edinburgh and London. A LIZARD, four feet long, of the species
He had now to begin his whole fatiguing described in Count De la Cepede's History
operation of collecting over again. He is at of Oviparous Quadrupeds, by the name of
present, for a short time, at Vienna, with a Tupinambus in America, and Gallabe in
treasure of natural productions of all kinds, Africa, was found on the beach by Hordle
and will deliver all he has collected to the Cliff, near Müford, Hants, the morning
Imperial Museum of Natural History, for after the ship British Tar, from Sierra Leo
which the whole has been purchased by the one, was wrecked. It appears this animal
Emperor Francis, among whose royal vir- is the largest of the kind ever brought to
tues the patronage of the sciences shines Europe the one in the royal cabinet of
with distinguished splendor. This cabinet, Paris nueasuring 3ft. 8in, and one in the ca-


256
[ April 1,
Varieties-Literary, Scientific, fc.
binet at Lisbon, 3ft. 4in. These are the correct, and very pleasing, affording great
only two to be found in any public exhibi- opportunity of hedging. It is supposed the
tion in Europe. The body of this lizard ball will stop undecided once in about 2 or
was the same length as the tail, covered with 300 events, which shows to a certainty the
hard scales of an oval and circular form; correctness of the principle, as affirmed by
the colour of the body is of a greenish cast; judges of the gaine:
the spots from the back to the sides are re- Dr. Weatherhead will commence in April
'gular, and in four distinct rowe, about four his spring course of lectures, which em-
inches apart; these spots had all the appear- brace the consideration of the congenital
ance and beauty of a large pearl set with mal-formations and morbid and accidental
small ones, and the black spots are equal in distortions of the bones, whether originating
beauty to the white. The legs are furnish- in utero, or as the consequence of rickets,
ed with strong hooked claws, as beautifully mollities ossium, spina bifida, scrophulous
spotted, and resemble a handsome piece of affections of the knee and hip-joints, club-
lace. The head is like a frog's, the teeth feet, &c.; together with some account of
long and sharp. It could not have been monstrosities and remarks on comparative
long dead when found, as it was scarcely osteology.
cold.
The Governors of the Royal Dispensary
A German journal states that the cele- for diseases of the ear, have presented Mr.
brated Dr. Chladni, the inventor of the Cla. Curtis, the surgeon of that institution, with
vicylinder, and the instrnment called the a superb piece of plate, as a token of the
Euphonion, is at present at Vienna, where high estimation they entertain of his profes-
he intends giving lectures on the nature of sional abilities, and for his great attention
acoustics, or the theory of sound. He also to the patients placed under his care at that
proposes to explain his system respecting useful charity.
meteoric stones, which he regards as mere Ocalic Acid, Epsom Salts, &C.--A cor-
heterogeneous masses, and absolutely fo- respondent, adverting to the suggestion
reign to our globe and its atmosphere. which lately appeared, for the colouring of
New Game.---The following are some Epsom salts, to prevent a repetition of the
particulars respecting a new game, now fatal mistakes which occurred, through ad-
playing at Berlin and other places; it is ministering the oxalic acid instead of that
something like our horse-racing, or more drug, considers the plan to be inefficient;-
properly calculated, as the English people first, because many persons considering the
lay their money on the turf, on the hedging coloured salts to be adulterated, would not
principle : for, supposing a field of horses take them; secondly, because, although Ep-
to start at Epsom or elsewhere, and the odds som salts might be coloured, Glauber Salts,
against one horse is five to one ; against an- which are somewhat similar in appearance
other two to one; and even betting on an- to the oxalic acid, but with larger crystals,
other, any gentleman taking all the bets would remain colourless, and thus mistakes
cannot lose; but if any of the other horses might continue to arise. He proposes,
win, the person so betting wins all the mo- therefore, that the salts shall be allowed to
ney, which is very often the case, and is retain their usual and natural appearance,
what is called betting round to advantage and that an alteration shall be made in the
and account: for many great fortunes have poisonous acid. This, he adds. may be
been made by this principle on the turf. easuy and effectually accomplished, by every
The ball, with the assistance of a mace, druzgist's keeping, instead of the crystals, a
used in this new game, called Une, Deux, saturated solution of the oxalic acid, which
Cingpie, is costly, and made of solid ivory, would answer every desired purpose, and
by a celebrated artist of Berlin, a very great be liable to no objection.
mathematical turner, is only a little above Literary Curiosities.-R. Watson, esq.
one per cent. in favour of the bankers ;-has who purchased the Stuart MSS. al Rome,
48 ways of deciding top and bottom, like a is arrived in London from Paris, and has
die, to the greatest nicety, with 24 ways for brought with him a valuable collection of
black, 16 ways for red, and 8 ways for blue; literary curiosities : among which is the
to which, if a black, the banker pays equal celebrated MS. Hebrew Bible, that longor-
to the stake; if a red, he pays twice the namented the library at Constantinople. It
stake; and if a blue, le pays five times the is beautifully written on vellum, and is sup-
stake; so, if a punter puis 3 on black, 2 on posed to be a work of the 5th century, Atter
red, and I on blue, he neither wins or loses. the fall of the Greek empire it was carried
At Berlin the banker hangs up a purse, to Vienna, where it was preserved for ages
Which contains Prussian d'ors, equal to in the private cabinet of the house of Aus-
about 1000 guineas, and any one putting tria, until the capture of that capital hy the
one d'or in a bowl, if it come four blue run- French troops, when it was transported to
ding, wins the purse. This is a favourite Paris by a general officer,who did not know
stake. If a punter places twice on the blue, its value, and sold it to the present proprietor.
one pound, be wins 351. for his one. This The most learned men in Europe consider
new game is playing in I'rance, and ontvies it to be unique in its kind, and without a
all other games. The decision is simple, "price.


1819.]
Varieties -Literary, Scientific, fc.
257
The intelligent collector has 20 figures of readiness. Eighteen or twenty of these
the actors who performed before Francis, poor negroes, who are excellent swimmers,
King of France, and Henry, King of Eng- and who possess the power of holding in
land, in “ the Field of Gold Cloth.” It is their breath for a considerable time, are
supposed to be by Parmegiano, and was under the control of an overseer. They
preserved in the Garde Meuble, at Paris, swim about under water until they find a
until the Revolution, when it was plundered. bank of oysters, where the sea is not more
It is now in the original cover, on which than ten, twelve, or fifteen fathoms deep.
are the royal arms of France. The Poems The negroes then ascend to the boat and
of Ossian are forthcoming, and are supo cast anchor. They tie round their waists
posed to have been carried to France about a rope, one end of which is fastened to the
the year 1715, consequently long before Mr. boat, and jump into the sea, taking a small
M.Pherson collected them orally. A cele- weight to enable them to descend the more
brated bookseller is anxious to procure expeditiously. On reaching the bottom,
them and the geographical notes of Mr. the diver seizes an oyster, which he places
Campbell. Many autograph signatures of under his left arm, another in his left hand,
the kings of France, the original painting of a third under his right arm, a fourth in his
St John in the Wilderness, by Raphael right hand, another in his mouth. He
and the Brevet Commission of General of then ascends to take breath, and to de-
Division of Marshal Ney, taken out of his posit the oysters in a little bag in the boat.
pocket the morning he was shot, signed by As soon as he has recovered himself, he
Buonaparte, and stating his gradual rise in dives a second time, and so on until he is
the French service from a corporal, with an tired, or has fished a sufficient number of
account of his gallantry, and the different oysters.
battles in which he was engaged, until the Each of these negro divers must supply
Ilth year of the French Republic, when he his master with a certain number of pearls
attained the above rank, are among the daily. When the negro has fished as many
valuable collections of the above gentleman. oysters as he thinks sufficient, he sppens
Fascinating Power of Serpents.- Major them in the presence of the overseer, and
Alexander Garden, of South Carolina, has, delivers to him the pearls, whether small or
in a paper read to the New York Historical large, perfect or imperfect, until he has com-
Society, attributed the supposed power of pleted the number due to his master; the
fascination possessed by serpents to a vapour remainder are the property of the negro,
which they can spread around them, and to who usually sells them to his master.
objects at a little distance, at pleasure. He Besides the labour and fatigue which the
first reduces the exaggerated idea which has negroes experience in detaching the oysters
been entertained of this power, and then from the bottom of the sea, where they are
adduces instances where the effect of a sick- frequently fixed hetween rocks and stones,
ening and stupilying vapour have been they encounter great danger from the
seen to issue from the animal. A negro is taborones, or tintoressos, a monstrous fish
mentioned, who, from a very peculiar acute- by which they are sometimes devoured,
ness in smell, could discover the rattle-snake and likewise from the mantas, huge rays,
at a distance of 200 feet, when in the exer- which seize the divers so forcibly, that they
cise of this power; and on following this stifle them, or, by falling upon them with
indication always found some animal suf- all their weight, crush them at the bottom
fering from its influence.
of the sea.
The Pearl Fishery of Panama.-The For this reason, the diver is usually armed
isthmus which forms the boundary between with a pointed knife. If, when the water
North and South America might, in the pos- is clear, the negro overseer, who remains
session of an enterprising nation, be ren- in the boat, should perceive any of these
dered a fertile source of prosperity. It fish, he warns the diver, and sorretimes
would only be necessary to cut a canal to goes to his assistance.
connect the two seas, and to build a city Notwithstanding these precautions, the
at each of its mouths, which might be- divers sometimes lose their lives, and fre-
come the central points of extensive trade. quently return with the loss of an arm or
At the extremity of the Bay of Panama leg.
is an archipelago, consisting of 43 islands; French Gold Coin.- Previous to the year
between the islands of El Rey and Tobago 1785 the mark of gold, consisting of eight
the sea is perfectly calm, and near the coast ounces French weight, and equal to 3780
lies a considerable bank of pearly oysters. grains Troy, was coined into thirty Louis
These oysters produce pearls of a large d'ors, being each 126 grains, and passing
size, though, in point of regularity and for 24 livres, the standard of fineness being
beauty, they are inferior to those of India. the same as here. The Louis d'or was
All the inhabitants of Panama and its vi- then worth in England at the Mint price of
cinity who are in easy circumstances, keep gold 20s. 6d. In 1785 the mark of gold,
negroes, who dive to procure pearls for their of the same weight and fineness, was order-
masters. They are dispatched to the is- ed to be coined into 32 Louis d'ors, being
lands, where tents and boats are kept in 48 to a French pound of gold, in place of
New MONTHLY MAG.–No.63. Vol. XI. 24


258
Fine Arts.
[April 1,
45, which was the former number, and each of all casts ; assemble in gange of ten,
therefore only weighing 118 1-8th grains. twenty or more; assume the garb of honest
These continue to pass for 24 livres in men; travel on the most frequented roads
France, but in England they are only worth, and there contrive to join company with
at the Mint price, 19s. 4d.
some unsuspecting traveller, whom they
Liv. S. persuade to start very early in the morning,
Before 1785 an English guinea was while yet dark; and only one or two miles
worth in France - - - - - - 24 13 from his halting place, they murder him by
It then weighed nearly 1294 grains
strangulation with a handkerchief, throw
Troy, it still weighs the game, but his body into a well, and run off with his pro-
is now worth in France -· - 26 6 perty. 'Murder is one of their chief motives
and they never rob without first slaugh-
Making a difference of - - - - 1 13 tering their victim. “ Dead men,” say they,
Or nearly Seven per Cent
“ tell no tales." This is as trite a proverb
So that a guinea is worth more in France with them as amongst our European cut
than formerly, while it remains the same throats, and it has been assigned by them as
here. On the contrary, the French Louis the reason for always murdering. The diffi-
d'or is worth less here, while in France its culties of conviction are, that the deceased
value has been raised.
cannot be recognised, (having perhaps tra-
EAST INDIES.
velled a hundred miles), consequently there
The“ Thugs” or Robbers infesting Hin- is no knowledge of what property he was
dustan. Extract from a private Letter possessed or in whose company he was last
“ The life led in this part of the world is so seen; add to this, that the murderers reside
monotonous, that years would hardly fur- fifty miles or more from the spot where the
nish subjects enough for a single letter. crime has been committed. They roam,
The same round of duties returns. Crimes however,infinitely further, being often absent
occur; ingenuity is exerted to discover the four, five, or six months from their homes.
offenders, they are caught, convicted or Some idea of their strength may be formed
acquitted. We have lately been successful by observing, that ten bodies have been ta-
in bringing to condemnation a gang of vil- ken out of one well; and of their cunning,
lains, forming part of a particular class of by mentioning that they, in some cases, send
offenders, none of whom had ever been one of their gang up a tree, by shaking
brought to the gallows. They are called which, the crows and other birds at roost
“Thugs” from the Hindu word “ Thugna" begin to call and fly about; from which the
to deceive, and an abstract of their charac- traveller is led to suppose it is near day-
ter may be given in a few lines. They are break, and is thence induced to start "
FINE ARTS.
HISTORICAL OBSERVATIONS ON ANTI. and enabled them to excel in the sciences,
BRITISH AND ANTI-CONTEMPORA- manufactures, commerce, navigation,
RIAN PREJUDICES.
and all the useful arts, were unjustly
THE title adopted by the British In- doomed to a humiliating inferiority in
sitution, to indicate its patriotic purpose, painting and sculpture. In vain the beau-
awakens the proudest feelings of the ty and sublimity in the works of Spen-
British breast. The success of its ob- ser and Shakespeare, of Milton and our
ject is so intimately connected with the otlier poets, refuted this fallacious no-
progress of morals, and has so direct a tion; and the history of the Fine Arts
tendency to advance the British charac- confirmed the refutation. There are still
ter, and diffuse the national glory, that too many persons of rank and education
every member of the community has an who entertain this injurious and ground-
immediate or ultimate interest in its pro- less notion. We shall therefore, as sin-
motion and success. Their first meeting, cere advocates of truth, offer some brief
fourteen years ago, had for its avowed remarks on this important subject.
intention to encounter the Anti-British In Greece, the people of Athens and
prejudice, which maintained that the na- Sparta, living on the same soil, under
tives of this island were disqualified by a the same sky, and subject to the same vi.
cold phlegmatic constitution and a want cissitudes of season, although neighbours
of imagination, from attaining to excel sufficiently near to form parts of the
lence in the Fine Arts. This incapacity same nation, and bear the same common
was attributed to the influence of the name, were wholly opposite to cach
climate, and was supposed to be inherent other in manners, customs and taste.
and incurable. Thus a people, whose But this difference, so complete and es-
inte Hectual energies and persevering en- sential, was produced by the varying
terprise rendered them victorious inwar, spirit of their civil polity and social in-


1819.1
Fine Arts.
259
stitutions. To provide for the defence durate grandeur of character, attended
of the republic, and secure its freedom, by a sort of ferocious subordination and
Lycurgus considered every individual licentiousness in morals,--at Athens com-
born within its territory as the property merce, manufactures, and the sciences
of the state ; and gave to all affairs a flourished; and to excel in poetry, paint-
military tendency. To guard against the ing, sculpture, architecture, music or
effeminating effect of sedentary habits, eloquence, was considered the highest
he forbade the citizens to cultivate the glory. It is a prond consideration for
sciences, and consigned to slaves only humanity, and an honour to the Fine
the exercise of the mechanic arts. To Arts, that these illustrious people, not-
convert the whole mass into an inviucible withstanding their unrivalled attain-
soldiery, he sought by coarse fare and ments in the refinements of peace, and
athletic exercises to harden the bodies, the superior freedom of their civil and
and render the mind inflexible and cruel. political institutions, were more pure in
Where industry was a crime, to prevent their morals, and not less enthusiasti.
the idleness of this stern and rude popu. cally attached to public liberty, or less
lation from producing civil commotion, brave or martial, than their fierce and un-
men were not left free agents in their polished rivals, the Lacedemonians. The
most indifferent affairs. Where all goods valour of Leonidas and his Spartan he-
were in common, where they studied roes, who fell so gloriously defending
neither domestic economy, nor business, their country at the pass of Thermopyla,
and learnt nothing but what was abso. was not more renowned than that of the
lutely necessary for the wants of civil Athenians at the battles of Marathon,
life, refinements were unknown. The Salamis and Platæa. But the trophies of
law, which had ordained that the doors their wars, the monuments of their mi-
of houses should only be made by a saw, litary power, have passed away. A brave
and the cielings by an axe, without the people will ever participate in the tri-
aid of any other tool, was designed to umphs of their armies, and revere the
shut out' luxury and expense. From commanders who led them to victory;
dwellings so rudely fashioned, vessels of but the arts of peace, alone, consecrated
gold and silver, rich tapestry, pictures, to the social virtues, have power to con-
statues and ornamental carving of every fer a solid and permanent glory. In the
kind, were, in effect, excluded. We are course of a long succession of ages, only
not to wonder, that among these Greeks, the names of a few of the Grecian paint-
the bodily and martial qualifications and ers, and none of their pictures, survive ;
fierce energies of the soul were alone but the precious remains of their sculp-
prized; and that the Fine Arts were un- ture have immortalised Greece, and the
practised, and artists unknown or con- genius of that illustrious people may be
temned. But no historian has charged still said, in the divine works of their
the barbarism of those celebrated people sculptors, and in none more than in those
upon their air or clinate. The spirit of of Phidias, now in the capital of this free
legislation, which prevented the cultiva country, to dictate the law in the Fine
tion of the Fine Arts in Lacedemonia, Arts, and to exhibit the union of truth
under the same climate and sky, invited and grace, of nature and grandeur, to an
their advance in the neighbouring state admiring world. The argument against
of Attica. There was nothing physical the English climate is therefore refuted
in this cause in either republic. The op by the examples of Sparta and Athens.
posite minds of the two legislators, of But modern Greece exhibits another me-
Lycurgus at Sparta, and of Solon at lancholy proof, that the exquisite paint-
Athens, alone caused the difference. The ings of Parrhasius and Zeuxis, and the
Athenian laws, framed upon the wise breathing marbles of the Parthenon,
principle that private happiness is the were not produced by climate, but by
best basis for public security, left the ci- wise laws, moral culture, and liberty.
tizens in possession of as much freedom That uphappy country, deprived of her
as was compatible with the tranquillity independence, and fallen from her intel-
of the state. The whole system of po lectual greatness, retains the same ad-
licy was fashioned to draw forth the in- vantages of climate, but her glory is no
dustry, talents and genius of individuals. more. She possesses inhabitants, but
Idleness was guarded against as the pa- not a people; for that common interest,
rent of crime, and the source of public which is the parent and nurse of the Fine
insubordination. Hence, while among Arts, and the only bond and power of
the neighbouring Greeks, in Sparta, li- society, is unknown in the land. Under
berty appeared under a savage and ob the iron sceptre of despotism, the enthu-


260
(April 1,
Fine Arts.
siasm of the soul is extinguished, and destroyed almost all their works of art,
the imagination, continually oppressed by excepting a few beautiful mosaics, which
terror, tears to stretch her wings. Ge- still display their taste. The cities hare
nius and courage are beheld with suspi- been so often wasted by fire and sword,
cion, and carefully crushed as crimes that few remains of the ages, which im-
against the state. The loveliness of mediately succeeded, exist to guide in-
beauty is a temptation to violence; and quiry. Some imitations of the designs
the very nature of man appears reversed. of the Greek christians were executed in
How changed from their forefathers, are the reign of Edgur, but the increasing
the descendants of the warriors, before devastations, committed by the Danish
whom the armies of Xerxes fled in route invaders, wasted the country, and put a
and disorder; and of the sages and phi- stop to improvement. The invasion by
losophers, to whose precepts the youth William the conqueror, was followed by
of distant nations listened in the groves the imporеrishment and ruin of the Eng.
of Academus! - Though possessed of the lish nobility; but the sculptures from sa-
stature and aspect of Grecians, they cred history in Lincoln cathedral, exe-
dwell amidst the ruins of their ancient cuted in this reign, and the monumental
cities, an oppressed and servile race, figures adopted from the Norman style,
without arts, or letters, or fame! Happy show that, in the midst of confiscation,
if they are also without sensibility; for massacre, and feudal barharism, a taste
what misery can be more poignant, than for the arts still sprung up in the king-
to be haunted by the shade of departed dom. His reign was followed by a cen-
greatness: to witness their beloved coun- tury of commotion. Contested claims
try's oppression, and to be a sharer in and sanguinary struggles for the crown,
her sufferings, without a hope of living foreign wars and the expenditure of
for her redemption, or of dying in the wealth and loss of the nobility, in the
glorious attempt to break her chains! crusade of Richard Cæur de Lion, were
No people have advanced so rapidly in succeeded by the civil broils between
the Fine Arts as the people of England king John and the barons. This period
within the last fifty years. It is com- left little room to cultivate the embel-
puted that more than a thousand years lishinents of peace; but still the arts did
elapsed from the time of Dædalus and not fall into disuse. A precept of Henry
his school, before sculpture attained to the third in 1233, ordering the sheriff of
its perfection in Greece under Phidias Hampshire to have a chamber repainted
and his contemporaries. The remains of with historical subjects, proves that his-
Etruscan invention have furnished a well- torical painting had been introduced be-
grounded belief that the Fine Arts were fore this date; and various public docu-
Introduced very early into the maritime ments show that painting was practised
cities of Italy, before the building of during this reign. A record quoted by
Rome. Painting was practised in Tus- Walpole (vol. i. p. 11.) proves the extra-
cany, by Cleophantes, in the time of the ordinary fact, that painting in oil cotours
first Tarquin, 652 years before the chris- was known in England in 1239, long be-
tian era; yet Plutarch states that the fore the alledged discovery of that pro-
Romans had not arrived at a true taste cess, by John ab Eyck, in Flauders, who
for the arts until Marcellus enriched died in 1441. Painting on glass was also
Rome with the fine paintings and statues practised at this time, so that the taste
obtained at the capture of Syracuse, 440 of the people for the arts of design can-
years after the time of Cleophantes. not be doubted, although the unsettled
These facts shew the slow progress of state of the country prevented their ad-
the arts in the boasted climate of Italy: vancement. In 1210, many years before,.
and if war and its consequent circum- exterior decorations were used to orna-
stances have, for so many ages, extin- ment the churches of France and Italy :
guished painting and sculpture in Grecce, Bishop Josceline caused the south-west
and also in Italy, after the subversion of front of Wells cathedral to be enriched
the Roman empire, in like manner, war with subjects from the Bible, in alto-re-
and other circumstances, wholly inde- lievo, and with statues of its patrons and
pendent of climate, for a succession of benefactors, larger than life. The ad-
centuries after the Romans had with mired remains of the stone crosses, erect-
drawn from Britain, prevented the suc- ed to the memory of Queen Eleanor by
cessful cultivation of the arts, which they Edward the first, do honour to this
had introduced into practice in the island. reign, and the statues of that queen ex-
The ravages of the Scots and Picts, and hibit features of Italian grace and ele-
the wars between the Saxons and Britons, gance. But while at Rome, Florence.


1819.)
201
Fine Arts.
Venice, and other Italian states, the Fine incessantly employed to perpctuate their
Arts rose into notice, and the artists banishment. Pictures and statues were
made continual improvements, our Hen- destroyed with a holy zeal all over the
rics and Edwards, for more than a cen- kingdom; and were, thenceforward,
tury, wasted the flower of their subjects looked upon with suspicion and abhor-
pursuing their conquests in France. rence, as illegal emblems and damnable
The wars, which produced the memo- instruments of conspiracy, hateful in the
rable victories of Cressy, Poictiers, and sight of God and man. This detestation
Agincourt, and spread the fame of Eng- mingled in acts of private devotion, and
lish valour through the world, impo- was strengthened by public worship. It
verished their country. Before England was cherished by penal inscriptions on
could recover from this exhaustion, she the statute books; was, as it were, in-
was involved in the calamity of a con- corporated in the civil and political in-
tesied sovereignty, and the sanguinary stitutions; animated the military spirit,
struggles between the powerful houses and was, for a long time, supposed to
of York and Lancaster, ruined the no- form an essential point in the religion of
bility, and devastated the land for thirty the state. We are not to be surprised if,
years. Here, again, the ravages of war thus descending from father to son, a
and fanaticism have wholly destroyed settled coldness and hatred of the Fine
their paintings, and left but few speci- Arts,at length, formed a prominent trait
mens of sculpture for several reigns; in the English character. The child in-
but there are enough to continue a chain bibed it in his hours of instruction; it
of proofs in favour of native genius. strengthed with his growth, and was re-
The Last Judgment over the south door garded in age as a paramount duty of
of Lincoln cathedral ; the monument of loyalty and public spirit, and a means of
Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, in Henry eternal salvation. Thus, if we may use
the Sixth's reign, and the multitude of the figurative expression, the Fine Arts
Statues in Henry the Seventh's chapel in were torn up by the roots in this coun-
Westminster, marked the existence and try, and the soil was, as it were, render-
great improvement of sculpture down to ed sterile, to prevent their ever again
the reigi of Henry the Eighth. This springing up in the island. This is the
monarch displayed a taste for the fine real cause of the public coldness and
arts; invited Raffaelle and Titian to his apathy which have been so falsely misin-
court ; and, although he was not so for- terpreted into a want of public taste in
tunate as to obtain the presence of either, the natives, proceeding from a defect in
he gave his royal commission for the their constitutions, or from the climate.
picture of St. George, the patron saint of England possessed liberty, wealth, and
England, to the latter. - It is not impro- imperial dominion: she possessed glory
bable but that his munificence drew in the sciences, and a pure system of
many other artists to visit this country, morals; but, even still more than at
whose works have been destroyed. Of Sparta, her laws and social institutions
thesc, history notices Luca, or Bartholo- were hostile to the Fine Arts. Reli-
mew Penni, a scholar of Raffaelle ; Je- gion, which, in Greece, ancient Rome,
rome de Trevisi, and Anthony Toto, and modern Italy, had been the parent
Italian painters; and Torrigiano, a and patron of the public style of paint-
sculptor of the school of Michael An- ing and sculpture in England became its
gelo : of John Carrus and Luca Corne- public destroyer, and opposer. After
litz, painters, from Flanders; and Hans this spirit of hostility had continued for
Holbein, from Switzerland.
sereral generations, to acquire a national
The arts were, now, likely to grow inveteracy, the more formidable as it
up and fourish, when the change of re- was founded in the purest motives, and
ligion rendered them objects of general built up and fortified with all the noblest
proscription and abhorrence. Painting qualities of the British character, when
and sculpture were denounced dis- the patronage of Charles the First, and
loyal and rebellious subjects, in active of a few lords about the court, had
co-operation with the enemies of the drawn Rubens, Vandyck, and a number
throne; and as Paganish emissaries of artists into England, a favourable
from Satan to counteract the will of prospect opened. But the civil war,
Heaven. Pursued and persecuted as clouded all again. The fury of the
double traitors, thev Aed, in affright, fanatics and republicans dispersed or de-
from these shores. The wit, the learn- stroyed the royal and noble collections ;
ing, the manliness and valour, the do- and the people, who, with silent dislike,
mestic virtues and the public force, were had beheld the recent introduction of


262
(April 1,
Fine Arts.
pictures and statues, as a corruption in scarcity of British fancy and historical
religion, rejoiced when the Fine Arts pictures, forgetting that the true causes
were again driven into exile. Until the of that scarcity were the political and
middle of the last century there was little religious revolutions of the country, the
change. But from the restoration of unpopularity of the practice, and the
Charles the Second, the example of his almost total discouragement, against
present majesty, and the progress of which British genius had to contend.
knowledge, abated the force of prejudice To{dissipate this anti-British spirit,
in the highest circles. A more liberal his present Majesty founded the Royal
system of education, the freedom of the Academy; and the paternal wisdom of
press, an intercourse with the continent, that measure has been proved by the
and various other causes, have since fact, that since that royal incorporation,
contributed to introduce an enlightened the Fine Arts, notwithstanding the
mode of thinking. But the work of centu- mass of prejudices, which they have to
ries could not be removed in a day. The encounter, have, as already noticed,
long odium and persecution of the Fine advanced inore in this country in fifty
Arts, had deterred Englishmen from years than in any other in a century
those studies, and the very few native and a half. But though British genius
artists, who had, for many years, ven- rose to excellence, in every department
tured to attempt so unpopular a prac- of the arts, in which a due encourage-
tice, were not sufficiently employed to ment was afforded, and that the portrait
arrive at excellence. Hence, during the and landscape painters soon carried the
six preceding reigns, a succession of palm of glory from their contemporaries
foreign artists enjoyed the patronage of on the continent, still the prejudices
the court, and nobility and gentry, to of two centuries were not to be suddenly
the almost total exclusion of English removed. The old religious dread and
men, whose discouraged and inferior at- abhorrence of works of art had subsid-
tempts only served to confirm the pre- ed into a cold repugnance, and from
judice at home and abroad, that there that, in many circles, into a contempt
was something in the air or climate of for every production of the British pen-
this island which disqualified Englishmen cil. Thus a too general indifference, or
from attaining to excellence in the Fine distaste, presented a fatal prospect to
Arts. The evil lay in the unthinking native genius. The heartless and un-
and unpatriotic practice of comparing just practice of comparing the infant
English art, in its infancy, with foreign efforts of the British painters in history,
art in its prime. Englishmen of rank, poetry, fancy and familiar life, with the
having been accustomed, when abroad, finest works of the Italian, Dutch, and
in France, Italy, Holland, and other Flemish masters, continued, and threat-
countries, to see the walls of churches, ened to render the further advance of
public halls, palaces, and private houses, the arts doubtful and tedious. Although
covered and enriched with the works of each of the old schools had grown up and
their native artists, on their return to flourished under the applauding patron-
England, looked round on the naked age of national enthusiasm, England,
walls of their public buildings and su- the most powerful kingdom in Europe,
perb apartments. The contrast was too was the only one in which, with a few
striking not to produce an unfavourable exceptions, the lovers of the Fine Arts
impression. Abroad, each school, within undervalued the native artists, and were
its own territory, possesses a proud ashamed to decorate their mansions with
supremacy in public opinion: and the their works,
British traveller, in each foreign state, The Royal Academy, A8 A SCHOOL
heard the exulting commendations of OP SCIENCE, had produced able artists :
noble and princely patrons, who each but artists without patrons, in poverty
justly considered himself and his country and distress, contending for a precarious
a sharer in the celebrity of the works subsistence, only contributed to increase
which he praised. Too many of our the unfavourable opinion of their pro-
travelled amateurs, instead of making fession. To remove this evil, to pro-
allowances for the imperious force of tect and encourage the painters in the
those circumstances, which, for so many highest department of art, in the several
centuries, had prevented the growth of stages from immaturity to excellence ;
the arts in this kingdom, drew an anti- to excite and reward merit, and to intro-
British conclusion. They adopted the duce the genius of the British school to
prejudices of foreigners, and inferred a the patronage of the country; that
deficiency of British genius from the noble association, the British Institution


1819.)
263
New Inventions and Patents.
was founded. The Royal Academy and ment of their object, that all but their
this patriotic body have a mutual in- common enemies must wish to promote
terest; and their cordial co-operation their union.
W.C.
is so absolutely necessary for the attain-
NEW INVENTIONS AND PATENTS.
MR. LESTER has brought his new dis- American Water Burner.-An apparatus
covery in eptics to perfection, and from its called the American Water Burner, has
simplicity and utility, it promises to be of been invented by Mr. Morcy, of New Hamp-
great importance.-Two codes of light pro- shire. It is a rough blow-pipe; but is ap-
duced from the luminary being placed near plicable in many cases in place of a fur.
to their respective apexes, and in opposite Dace. Tar is intimately mixed with steam,
directions, base to base, form a parallelo and made to issue from a small jet, in the
gram of indefinite dimensions, that would manner of an eolipile, and the stream of
šll the largest room with an equal light matter being ignited, produces a flame of
of the same tensity in every part of its space, great size and intensity. It appears that
and as the fountain of light would be in the water is partly decomposed towards the
opposite directions, the bodies equally middle of the jet, and that the heat is thus
divided, would have but two sides as opposed increased, hy increasing the quantity of ac-
to the lines of vision ; no shadows can be pro tive agents. But whatever the exact effect,
duced by the application. Rooms of all the water is found to be useful in prevents
descriptions may be lighted by the flame ing the formation of smoke, and increasing
being placed on the outside of the wall, and the combustion.
its reflections thrown through an aperture, A new life boat has been invented by
means the smoke arising from the Lieut. A. F. Gardener, R.N. and from the
combustion will pass off into the atmo trials made with it, it is expected to present
sphere without entering into the room. By advantages over those in present use. It
this means the light will have the most supports the weight of 18 men when filled
beautiful effect by illuminating a space void with water, and when completely overset,
of smoke, which is far from being the case though with mast and sail standing, rights
with rooms lighted in the common way. again without aid.
It has been clearly ascertained that one of A new invention has been lately promul-
Mr. Lester's Mirrors, 184 inches diameter, gated, called the Patent Drag, by which
placed before ope of the lamps commonly coachman, guard, or inside passenger, may
used to light stages, and fixed to the foot. apply the shoe to the wheel, without remo-
board of the driver, will render the smallest val from their respective situations.
print legible at the distance of 100 yards Baron D'EVELKRANG, President of the
before the leaders heads.
Royal College of Commerce at Stockholm,
The Pedestrian Accelerator.-Notice of and author of many ingenious mechanical
this singular invention having appeared in inventions, has lately invented a machine
our number for March 1, page 178, we for spinning fax, which has been submitted
have in the present, given a wood cut repre- to the inspection of a commission appointed
senting the machine, for the benefit of our by the King of Sweden. By means of this
readers who reside at a distance from the machine, ten persons may, during ten hours,
metropolis.
spin thirty-six pounds of flax. It is said
that Buonaparte offered a million to any
person who would produce a machine with
these properties, and the first attempt of the
kind was made by a Belgian.
A new instrument called the Edophone,
has been invented and made by Charles
Henry Vander Bergh. It has the appear-
ance of a lady's work-table; the shape is a
parallelogram, and it occupies about 4 feet,
by 2. It is played on by keys, like a harp-
sichord or piano-forte. Along the back lies
a solid block of metal of a peculiar composi-
tion, known only to the inventor, and the
Experiments have shewn that it is easy exact proportions in which the several me-
to travel fifty or more miles a day on these tals are combined, he avers to be indispen-
« German Horses ;" and as a riding-school sable to the production of the best possible
is about to be opened for them, we expect tone. The side of the block that lies next
to see them brought into extensive use. the player, presents a sweep, into which are
For exercise in parks, &c. they seem to be inserted cylindrical bars of the same metal,
admirably adapted; and from a trial of their varying in length from 64 inches to fan
powers, we can say that their management inch and something more than a of an
is very readily acquired.
inch in diameter. Upon each of these bars


264
(April 1,
Covent Garden.
in a moveable ring of the same metal, closely shape and proportion, its tone is scarcely
fitted, which is fixed by a screw through the louder than a common square piano-forte.
top, and by changing the position of this The Edophone is competent to the perfor.
ring (a very simple operation, and similar in mance of an allegro. Of its use as an ac-
eflect to the apportioning of water in musical companying instrument to the voice, every
glasses) the instrument is tuned. To the one may judge from the description of its
end of the bar not inserted in the block, a several tones. They clearly give a con-
spring is affixed at a right angle by a screw, stant variation as the composition rises or
and each of these springs is connected with falls; and now the singer would seem to be
the corresponding key by a simple mecha- accompanied by a flute, and now by a cla-
nical contrivance, so as to be pulled forward rionet or bassoon obligato. The general
when the keys are pressed down by the effect, however, is that of a small concert
player. Part of the surface of the spring is of all these wind instruments.
covered with some kind of felt or plush.
NEW PATENTS.
Parallel to these springs lies a roll of conical JOHN RUTHYEN, of Edinburgh, printer,
shape and of a peculiar composition, but for an improved drag for coaches, carriages,
differing from the block and the bars, the or other vehicles, which operates by raising
former being of a colour between brass and a wheel or wheels off the ground, from the
copper, and the roll resembling pewter. inside or outside of the coach, carriage,
This roll revolving upon its axis, is put into &c., without stopping the horses. Dated
motion by the foot, like the wood in a turn- Dec. 1818.
ing lathe. The pressure of the finger ALEXANDER ADIE, of Edinburgh, opti-
upon the key brings the spring into contact cian; for an improvement on the air baro-
with the roll while it is in a state of revolu- meter; which improved instrument is to be
tion, and thus the bar inserted in the block called a sympiesometer. Dec. 23.
is made to vibrate, and the tone produced. WILLIAM JOHNSON, of Salford, Manches-
The sound ceases when the spring is relax- ter, brewer; for certain improvements in
ed from contact with the roll, which hap- the construction of furnaces or fire-places,
pens when the pressure on the key is remove for the purposes of heating, hoiling, or eva-
ed. A swell is produced by a difference in porating water and other liquids; which im-
the touch, and a perfect crescendo and provements are applicable to steam-engines
diminuendo can be otained at pleasure. and other purposes, whereby a greater far-
The compass of the instrument is five oc- ing in the consumption of fuel is efiected,
taves and a half, and it is singular that the with a more complete destruction or con-
several parts produce sounds essentially dif- sumption of smoke by combustion, than has
ferent The upper tones are precisely those hitherto been produced. Dec. 24.
of an octave tiute--the next notes in succes. CHARLES TANNER, of Plymouth, Devon-
sion those of an oboe, helow these of the shire, tanner, for certain improvements in
clarionet, and still lower of the bassoon. preserving or curing raw hides and skins by
The resemblance is exceedingly close, so the application of certain materials hitherio
much so, indeed, that the best application of unused for that purpose. Jan. 4, 1819.
the invention will probably be found to be John GREGORY; of Penny Fields, All
in substituting the Edophone for wind in- Saints Poplar, Middlesex, shipwright; for a
struments at concerts where good players combination of machinery, consisting of a
are not to be had. The lowest tones are fire-escape ladder, and the various appara-
rough, and rather injure than improve the tus necessary for the safety of persons and
general effect whenever they are employed. property in such cases ; part of which ma-
Increasing the size of the block and bars ex- chinery is applicable to other useful pur-
tends the quantity of tone in a degree far poses. Jan. 15.
beyond a geometrical ratio. In the present
THE DRAMA.
COVENT GARDEN.
this accomplished singer in a mamer
The Marriage of Figaro.-The Ma- worthy both of the inimitable composer
nagers of this Theatre, alwars anxious and of herself. Mrs. Dickons, if we are
to make a due return for public favour, right!v informed, has passed nearly three
have produced this excellent Opera, with years in Italy, previously to her appear-
the music of Mozart, nor indeed hare ing on the boards last season; and was
they confined themselves to the music received by the foreign theatres with a
only belonging to the piece, but have welcome little inferior to the reception
made a judicious selection from the se. of her talents at home. Miss Stevens
veral published works of this great mas- performed the part of Susan, and most
ter. The part of the Countess of Al admirably seconded the science of Mrs.
maria was performed by Mrs. Dickons, Dickons. In their duets, nothing could
and the songs, and the varied harmony be more effective than the blending of
and science of the music, was given by their voices and tones into each other.


1819.]
Literary Repori,
265
Both, in this manner, concurred to give an interval, and some adventure, during
effect to the efforts of the other. We which Malvesi sends a bravo to assas-
know no other Opera on the English sinate his brother, the King of Naples,
stage which contains so much finished having been inforined of the filsehood
composition in its music.
of the accusation made against Giulio,
DRURY LANE.
sends for him and the Dwarf-restores
the former to favour, re-establishes him
A new Tragic Comedy, in three acts, in all his honours, and causes the latter
called The Daurt of Naples, has been to witness hiin at the altar married to
produced at this theatre, evidently writ- Armanda. The Dwarf maddens at the
ten for the purpose of exhibiting Mr. sight and dies.
Kean, and to the discouragement of all Of the piece, as a literary production,
the other talents of the company. It is we cannot speak too decidedly ; it is a
the production of Mr. Soane, a writer mixture of dulness and folly, notwith-
of some very clever pieces, although in standing which, gleams of genius every
the present by prostituting his genius to now and then burst out even through
the whim of the representative of its the disgusting frame-work.
hero, he has completely failed of success.
The plot, if plot it may be called, is sim-
ORATORIOS.
ply as follows:- Malvesi, the dwarf, is a DRURY LANE.--The Lent Oratorios
little crooked wretch, and as distorted at this Theatre begun on Wednesday,
in mind as in body. Like Richard he the 31 of March, with an extensive selec-
detests all the better proportioned part tion froin Mozart and Haydn, a Miscel-
of the creation, but his most implacable laneous Act, and the Battle Sinfonia,
hatred is towards his brother. His by Beethoven. It was conducted with
brother Giulio, a general returned in great spirit, and did infinite credit to
triumph froin the wars to enjoy the the taste and judgment of Sir George
sweets of peace, and is therefore very Sinart. Madame Bellochi and Mrs.
solicitous to be very fraternal with Salmon distinguished themselves by
Malvesi, who requites his good inten- exerting their utmost ability to please,
tions and overtures of friendship by and gave delightful exhibitions in their
entertaining a fixed resolution to mur respective styles. The Sinfonia closed
der hin the first opportunity for his at the night with singular eclat.
tentions to Armanda, with whom Mal- COVENT GARDEN.-The Oratorios
vesi also is in love. Giulio, finding it commenced here on Friday the 5th.
more easy to gain the affection of Aman- We are sorry not to be able to speak
da than the friendship of the Dwarf, re- favourably of the selection. With a
solves upon a marriage with her. Count good instrumental orchestra, and re-
Orsino and the General bring a casket spectable singers, with which the public
of jewels, intended as a present to his are well acquainted, the performance
bride, into the room where Malvesi is, was altogether ineffective.
who, instigated by jealousy, substitutes
We are obliged, for want of room, to
a treasonable for a love letter in it. defer, till next month, our remarks on the
Upon this evidence the marriage is set Tragedy of The Italians, and Mr. Kean's
aside, and his brother banished. After conduct towards its author.)
LITERARY REPORT.
We beg to remind our Correspondents that all Notices for this Department must be sent on or before
the 15th of each inonth.]
The following works are in the press and state of knowledge amongst them, and with
speetlily will be published.
their endeavours for their regeneration.
Messrs. Harding and Nicol are preparing A Translation of the Comtesse de Genlis'
a Catalogue of the valuable French, German, celebrated novel entitled Les Parvenus, ou
and English Library of her late Majesty, les Aventures de Julien Delmours.
removed from Windsor to Buckingham The Life of William Lord Russell, with
House, and which will be sold by Mr. Evans some account of the times in which he lived.
in the month of May.
By Lord John Russell.
A new periodical work is announced, A Treatise on the Education of Youth,
written in ancient or modern Greek only, founded on the discrimination of individual
and by natives of Greece; the principal character by the form of the head. By Dr.
object of which is to make the friends of the Spurzheim.
Greek nation acquainted with the present A Syriac and English Grammar, designed
New MONTHLY MAG.-No. 63. Vol. XI. 2M


266
Literary Report.
[April 1,
for the use of English students. By Mr. T. suggested by passages in Dr. Adam Clarke's
Yeates.
Commentary on the New Testament. By
A Translation of Marshal Bassompier's Gill Timms.
Account of his Embassy to London, with The Victories of the Duke of Wellington,
notes and commentaries, describing the illustrated in a series of Engravings from
Court of England in 1620.
drawings by Richard Westall, R. A. The
Collections for a Topographical Historical outlines engraved by C. Heath, and coloured
and descriptive Account of Boston, and the in imitation of the original drawings.
Hundred of Kirbeck in the county of Lin- The Englefield Vases; the first part of
coln. By Bishey Thompson, esq.
this work containing six plates engraved by
Meditations and Reflections on the Beau- H. Moses, from the Vases in the possession
ties Harmonies and Sublimities of Nature of Sir H. Englefield, bart. is just ready for
By the Author of " Amusements in Retire- publication.
ment.
Mr. Dodwell's long promised Travels will
- A Series of finished Engravings, with certainly appear in May, accompanied with
descriptions of the ecclesiastical and castel- the first portion of his Views in Greece.
lated 'Antiquities of Normandy. By Mr. J. Sir W. Gell's Itinerary of Greece, is
S. Cotman, of Yarmouth.
also nearly completed.
A Collection of Letters relative princi- Pastorals Ruggiero, and other poems.
pally to Public Events during the latter half By E D. Baynes, esq.
of the seventeenth century, from the original Views in the Tyrol. Engraved by W. B.
papers in the archives of the Rawdon Cooke, from drawings by P. Dewint; the
Family in Ireland.
original sketches taken by Major Cockburn,
A Voyage up the Persian Gulph, and a of the Royal Artillery, in the year 1817.
journey over land from India to England in The Yorkshire Gazette, a loyal and con-
1817, containing an account of Arabia stitutional newspaper, the political depart-
Felix, Arabia Deserta, Persia, Mesopotamia, ment of which will be conducted on
&c. &c. By William Heude, esq.
the principles of the late Mr. Pitt.— In
A Journey to Persia in the Suite of the the maintenance of these and other cor-
Imperial Russian Embassy in the year 1817. responding principles, connected with thie
By M. de Kotzebue.
welfare of our valuable and national establish-
The Life of the late Right Hon. John ments, it will proceed with firmness and
Philpot Curran, Master of the Rolls in spirit, but at the same time, avoid misre-
Ireland. By his Son, W. H. Curran, esq. presentation, acrimony, and personality,
2 vols. 8vo.
which will entitle it to the support of loyal
A Journey in Cardiola and Italy in the and well disposed persons of every deno.
years 1817–1818. By W. A, Cadell, esq. mination.
8vo.
The tenth and concluding volume of
A Geographical and Statistical Descrip- Donovan's British Birds.
tion of Scotland. By James Playfair, D.D. A new volume of Rivington's Apnual
F. R. S. 2 vols. 8vo.
Register for the year 1808; which will scon
Excursions through Ireland, to be com- be followed by another volume of the former
prised in eighe volumes, containing 400 series.
engravings.
A satirical work entitled, “ Junius with
A Collection of Dr. Zouch's works, with his vizor up! or the real Author of the
a Memoir. By the Rev. Francis Wrangham. Letters under that signature now firsi un-
Sixty Curious and Authentic Narratives veiled and revealed to the world, in 150
and Anecdotes, respecting extraordinary letters to my cousin in the country : from
characters, illustrative of the tendency of Odpus Oronoko, tobacconist and suf-
credulity and fanaticism. By J. Cecil. seller.
Zeal and Experience, a tale.
Narrative of a Voyage to the Spanish Vain
Emmeline, an unfinished tale, with some in the ship Two Friends, the capture of
other pieces. By the late Mrs. Brunton, Amelia Island by M'Gregor's forces, and
Author of “Self Control,” &c.
their dislodgment of the American troops,
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Splendid with Arecdotes illustrative of the manners
Collection of Pictures, by British artists in and babits of the Seminole Indians : wich
Sir John Fleming Leicester's Gallery in an Appendix; containing a detail of the
Hill street, and at Tabley. By Mr. W. Carey, trial and execution of Arbuthnot and am-
Letters of the Right Hon. J. Philpot Cur- brister. 8vo.
ran to H. Weston, esq. 8vo.
Popular Observations on the Discases to
Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Luis which literary and sedentary persons are
de Camoens. By J. Adams, esq. 2 vols. 8vo. subject, with hints for their prevention and
Notes Statistical, Moral, and Political on cure. By W. André Pearkes, Member of the
the Colony of New South Wales, and its de- Royal College of Surgeons,
pendant Settlements, on Van Diemens land. Historical and Descriptive Sketcbes of
The Iron Mask, a poem. By the Author Horncastle, and several neighbouring
of “The Recluse of the Pyrenees,” &c. parishes, in the county of Lincoln, embels
Remarks on the Foreknowledge of God, lished with Engravings. By George Weir,


18 19.]
287
Meteorological Report.
Foreign Literature lately imported. Ouvrage destiné à servir de suite et de
Ginguené. Histoire Litteraire d'Italie. Complement aux Annales du Musée de
Tom. 7, 8, and 9, (et dernier.) 8vo. li. 149. France. Tom. I. liv. 1. 8vo. with 36 plates,
Correspondance inédite officielle et con- 15s.
fidentielle de Napoleon Bonaparte avec les Almanach du Commerce de Paris, des
Cours étrangères, les princes, les ministres, départemens de la France et les principales
et les generaux Français et étrangers en Villes du Monde pour 1819. large 8vo. 11.
Italie, en Allemagne, et en Egypte. Tom. Almanach Royal pour 1819. 8vo. 11.
1. 8vo. 109.
Lemaire, Con.es Moraux pour la Jeunesse.
Correspondance de Napoleon avec Carnot 2 vols. 12mo. fig. 12s.
pendant les Cent Jours. 8vo. 33. 6d.
Biographie des Hommes Vivants. Tom. 4,
Segur, Galerie Moral et Politique. Tom. et 5. 8vo. 11. 49.
2. 8vo. 10s.
Comte Chaptal, De l'Industrie Française.
Landen, Choix de tableaux et statues des 2 vols. 8vo. 11.
plus célèbres Musées et Cabinets étrangers.
METEOROLOGICAL TABLE.
N.B. The Observations are made twice every day, at Eight o'Clock in the Morning and
at Ten in the Evening.
1819.
Feb.
e
E.4
Ther. 1 Wind, 1 General Remarks.
M.12 TS.W. Cloudy
Mar14
E.38 E.
Serene
M.37 E.S.E. Serene
E. 45 S.W. Rain
M.4 S.W. Cloudy
e. W.
Cloudy
N4 W.N.W. Serene
N.W. Cloudy
M.30 N.
Serene
E. 45 S.W. Rain
M.48 S.W. Heavy showers
E. 40 W.NW. Cloudy
M.42 N.W. Stormy
E. 40 N.W. Showery
M1.40 N.
Serene
N.W. Cloudy
M.45 w.
Cloudy
E. 46 S.S.W. Cloudy
M.45 W.S.W: Cloudy
* E. 44 S.E. Rais
or M.48 sw. Serene
"I E.48 s.sw. Rain
E.
Ther. 1 Wind 1 General Remarks
M.40, S.S.W, Heavy rain
E. 36 | N.W. Serene
M.32 w.
Slight sleet, spowy
E. 99 N.
Serene
M.31 W.N.W. Little spow
E. 32 N.w. Serene
M.32 Sw. Snow and rain
E.38 E.
Rain
M.39 S.W. Cloudy
E. 40 E.
Rainy
M.40 S.E.
Cloudy
E. 38
Rainy, boisterous
M.36 | E.N.E. Rain, snow
E. 40 E.
Rain, cloudy
M.43 E.N.E. Heavy rain
.39 E.
Cloudy
M.38 E.N.E. Cloudy
E.36 E.N.E. Serene
M.37 N.E. Cloudy
E. 42 | N.N.E. Showery
M.42 N.N.E.
Cloudy
E. 12 | N.N.E. Cloudy
N.42 N.E. Cloudy
E. 40 NE.
Cinudy
M.36 N.E. Cloudy
E. 40 N.E. Cloudy
M.10 E.N.E. Serene
E. 38 N.E. Cloudy
M.38 E.
(loudy
E. 40
Cloudy
M 38 w.
Cloudy
E.41 W.S.W. Cloudy
M.44 W.NW, Cloudy
E.4 N.w.
Cloudy
M 44 NW. Cloudy
E. 45 NW.
Cloudy
M.45 NW.
Cloudy
E. 46 N.w. Cloudy
aaaahaha
Mar. Il
E.12
METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
THE weather during the latter part of the last
month, assumed some of the stern features of
winter, accompanied with show and rain, but unat.
tended by any severe frost. From the ed instant
the weather has been generally dry, and very tem-
perate, although the prevailing winds have been
the N.N.E. and N.W.--a circumstance almost with
ont an example in this month, when those winds
have predominated. Indeed, so extraordinasy in
this respect is the pieseut season, that it would
almost induct a belief that some great climatrical
revolution had taken place in the worthern and
eastern part of Europe, the immense storebous.
from whence we derive our scanty glsanings of
winter.


( 268 )
[April 1,
COMMERCIAL REPORT.
AN unusual degree of apathy continues to pervade the whole commercial community
and almost every article of merchandize, whether of raw produce, manufactures, or colo-
nial, to experience a depression both in demand and value; the depression in value, how-
ever, is only a depression from a speculating maximum, not such as to discourage pro-
duction; and as consumption is promoted by moderate prices, we may look forward to a
revival of demand, and a resumption of general activity. We have invariably contended,
that tiie field for commercial enterprize is progressively widening, and presenting continu-
ally increasing advantages, which position seems directly at variance with the results of
several months past; but, however much we may regret the abject condition to which
commerce is at present reduced, we are satisfied of its being occasioned by avoidable
causes, and consequently we anticipate, that the experience of the past will operate to
the advantage of the future. To render somewhat more intelligible and explicit our views
on this subject, we need only refer to the several speculations, within the last twelve
months, in oil, hops, tallow, and East India cotton, as the more prominent features of that.
perversion of principle and common ser.se in commercial proceeding, which, instead of
promoting the legitimate ends of its object and capability--that of difiusing comforts and
prosperity throughout the pale of its influence, can only lead to the ruin of many, and the
prejudice of all who may be so unfortunate as to be concerned in any article that becomes.
subject to the baneful cupidity of speculation.
The supply of Wheat, since the commencement of the present year, has fallen off very,
considerably, whilst Barley and Beans have continued to arrive in excess; and we think it
a duty we owe to all ranks of our friends, who read for information rather than amuse-
ment, to point out to them in particular the Table shewing the supply of Grain for the pre-
sent year, with the average return of prices, and to refer to the Table of the comparative
supply of the last seven years in our last Number Of Sugar, Coffee, and Rum,
the consumption keeps pace with the supply, and Cotton continues to arrive in a
corresponding ratio of last season, which exceeded the consumption by one-third;
it is, therefore, not improbable but that a further depression in price will take place in this
article, already for certain kinds one-half less than at the same period last year, particu-
larly East India, which were, for Bengal from 10d. to Is. Id. now 51 to 75; Surats Is. d.
to is. 4d, now 6d. to 91d. mother kinds about one-fourth less, viz. Georgias were ls. 7d.
to ls. 10d now Is. 2d. to Is. 4d ; Brazils were ls. 10d. to 29. 2d. now Is. 5d. 10 ls. 9d.
The lower numbers, or qualities of Cotton Yarn, are lower in the proportion of about
2s. 10d. the present price from 38. 3d. to 3s.-5d. The price at this period last year, whilst
the finer numbers command higher prices, a circumstance that will account for the nu-
merous new buildings now erecting in Lancashire for spinning; on the other hand, vari-
ous kinds of cotton manufactured articles have, within the last three months, been forced
to sale at a loss of one-third or more upon the actual cost. It is this sort of disorganiza-
tion in the value of merchandize that produces the evil in commercial intercourse, and not
the total absence of demand, to which persons in general are in the habit of ascribing it.
Sugars are in value about 6s. per cwl. lower than at this period last year, when the price
was from 775. to 93s. now 72s. to 878., according to quality. Coffees are 15s. to 20s. per
swt, higher than at this period last year; yet 30s. to 40s. per cut. lower than in the month
of August. The present prices for Jamaica 1185. up to 148.; St. Domingo, Brazil, &c.
116s. to 1259. Rum, notwithstanding a diminished stock, and its admission into Russia,
is 3d. to 4d per gallon lower than last season. The Tallow speculators still continue to
maintain the price 103. to 15€. per cwt. above its legitimate value, although 25s. per cwt.
lower than in September last
At the commencement of last month a sudden panic pervaded the market of Public
Funds, which produced a depression of from 76 to 73 for 3 percent. Consols. The panic,
or finesse, or whatever else it may be terined, appears to have subsided, and Consols have
remained steady for a fortnight past at 74 and a traction approximating to 75. The
Foreign Exchangos have also indicated within the last two or three weeks an improvement
of 2 or 3 per cent...
An Official Return, by order of the IIouse of Commons, of the Value of all Grain and
Flour imporicd into Great Britain for the last seven years, having appeared just as this
Report was going to press, we stopped the same for inscrtion, to render more complete
the comparative view we have endeavoured to disclose on this very important and intet
resting subject:-
L. 6. d.
Value in 181% . . . . 1,267,350 3 1
1813 . . . . 2,192,592 3 6
1814 . . . . 2,815,319 4 0
1815 , , , , 793,243 811
: , 912.137 19 7.
1817 . . . . 6.403,893 10 6
1818 , . . - 10,908,140 0 2


1819.) :
269
Commercial Report-Bankrupts.
Statement of the Total Weekly Supply of GRAIN, SEED, and FLOUR, for Lon-
DON, from the 20th February to 20th March, 1819, compared with the Average
Weekly Supply of last Year, and of the present Year up to the 20th February ; sher-
ing the Proportion of Foreign into London, and the Total Importation of Foreign
into all GREAT BRITAIN, with the Average Return of Prices regulating such
Importation.
Wheat Barly. Malt. Onts. Rye Beans
Qrs, Qrs. Qrs. Qrs. Qrs Qrs.
Peas,
Qrs,
Lins. Flour. I
Qrs Sacks.
1617
258154
Veekly average of the Year 1818 I 19257 10178135719.3707 203
5801
1418! 8 1831 71101
Weekly Average of 1819 np to Feb.20 8035 1015314423 15390 3101 80951 133614 7563
Week ending the 27th Feb.
11407 1159. 4142 12897|1600 9911
16171
6th March.
16006 1745 29041 317321 4537 1309
100131
13th March.
3183 5182 292091891 - 283 475 - 53601
20th March.
55451 82571 5070 10803
15081 435 35 0907
Total of 1819 to London to March 20% 100905| 126289
71061116171 3088 9.3980
Proportion of Foreign - · 54654 49753
53741)300.11 6.311114977) 31141031
Total Imp. of Foreign into G:. Brit. 100755 84350 16241179251 949711 87 19 12688 110801
Average Return of Price, Mar.13,1819 77s. 8 136s.6d
30s. 90. 569 Tus. 19135.8d.
Average, admitting from Brit. Ame. 675. 33s.
90s. 415. 444, 44s.
Juuportation freel all other Parts 80s.
275. 53. 53s. 53s.
• Graio is allowed to be Iimported from all Parts for Home Consumption free of Doty, when the
Average Return of Prices from the Twelve Maritime Districts of England and Wales for Six Weeks pre-
cediog the 15th February, 15th May, 15th August, and the 15th November, shall exceed as above; but,
he Average within the first Six Weeks froin either of the above Dates should decline below
the Standard, the Importation is to cease from all Ports in Europe, within the Rivers Bidassag and
Eyder, but to continue t'or Three Months from all other Parts.
BANKRUPTS.
FROM FEBRUARY 23, TO MARCH 23, 1819, INCLUSIVE.
Where the address of the Solicilor is not mentioned, he must be understood to reside at the
same place as the Bankrupt. The Solicitors' names are between parentheses,
ADAMS S. and J. Jos, Wattleworth, Walsall,
Stafford, factors (Price and co., Old square, Lig.
cola's Jan.
B.
Boniface C., junr. Chichester, mealman (Hume,
Ilolborn court, Gray's Inn-Bates J. Stockport,
Chester, dealer and chapman (Meadoweroft, Gray's
Too-Bailey C. R. H. Swallowfield, Wilts, dealer
and chapman (Fisher and Co., Holborn-Barfoot J.
Arundell street, Strand, fancy and ornamental sta-
tioner (Paterson and co., Old Broad street-Bass J.
Castle inn, Woodford, Essex, victualler (Ilobler,
Walbrook-Bell C.F. Castle street, Bethnal green,
victualler (Parnell, Church Street, Spital fields-
Beer W. Plymouth dock, ironmonger (Dark and
co., Princes street, Bedford row--BlakcJ. PISou's
Green, Fulham, brewer (Buckle, Size lanc-Bam
forth J. Wath-upon-Dearne, Yorkshire, butcher,
(Alexander and co., New lon-Burton W. Cornhill,
auctioneer (Collin's and co., Spítal square-Booth
J Gloucester, earthenwareinan (Walstons, Hatton
Garden--Burradon W. Worcester, kop merchant,
(Cardale and co., Holborn court, Gray's Inn-Bur
charl R., Ashton within Mackerfield, Lancashire,
dealer and chapman (Makinson, Middle Tepple
Bennet J., A. Tabberer, and Co. Scndainore, Man.
chester, Lancaster, woollcn.card manufacturers
(Adlington and co., Bedford row--Brodie nl. Li.
verpool, Lancaster, linen draper (Ilord and co.,
King's Bench Walk, Temple--Barter B. H. Bislr
op's Walthan, llants, grocers (Amory agd co.
Lothbery.
Cox J. and J. Morgan, Gutter lane, London,
glovers, (Oldham, Earl street, Blackfriars.-Cushon
T. Mivories, hat manufacturer (Mangham, Great-
St. Helen's, London-Chaucher J. Bristol, hair pro-
parer (King, Serjeant's Inn, Fleet street--Cousins
J Cliarlton stieet, Sorner's Town, cheesemonger,
(Rose, East strert, Red Lion Square-Cricketi D.
Hougham, Kent, timber merchant (Stooker and co.
New Boswell court, Lincoln's Inn--Claut J. Wal.
sall, Stafford, flour seller (Avison and co. Castle
etreet, Holborn-Cross J. H. Bristol, corn factor
(Edmunds, Exchequer Office, Linco
lile w, and T. Hodgson, Bolton-le-moors, Laneas.
ter, dealers in cotton yarn (Milnc and co. Temple
Cheppett C. Walcot, Somersetshiie, cabinet maker
(Williams, Red Lion Square-Cole R. Friday st..
warehouseman (Steel, Bucklersbury-Campbell D.
B. Harper, and A. Baillie, Old Jewry, merchants
(Kaye and Co., New Bank buildings---Cottam G,
Manchester, plaisterer (Adlington and co., Bedford
row-Cameron J. Manchester, merchant (Makinson,
Temple-Chaster G. Gomersal, J. Chaster, Knot.
tingly, and T. Chaster, Dewsbury, Yorkshire, coal
dealers (Evans, Hatton Garden-Cocksedge, T. A.
Woolpit, Suffolk, merchant (Tom's, Contball court,
Throgmorton strert-Cook, W. P. Plymonth, mer-
chiant (Alliston and co., Frceman's couit, Corplaidi.
D
Daries M. J. Maidstone, Kent, dealer and chan.
man (Norton, Commercial chambers, Migories-
Doble A. Liverpool, Master Mariner (Rowlinson,
Liverpool-Dyson B. Doncaster, core dealer Lo-
ver, llolborn Court, London


270
(April 1,
Bankrupts.
M
Evans W. S. Chapel street, Lamb's Condoit st., Mitchell T. Cowiek, Yorkshire, linen draper
bricklayer (Blakelock, Serjeant's Ina, Fleet street (Egerton and co., Gray's lun square-Miall M.
Emanuel A. Plymouth Dock, Devon, navy agent Portsea, mercbant (Alexander and co., new ton-
(Walker, New Ino-Ellis R. Dean Street, Sonth Mercer J.
wark, provision broker (Richardson, Clement's lun (Charsley, Mark Jane-Masters J. Dartford, Kent,
F.
grocer) Powmall and co. Copthall court-Morton J.
Freach W. Heaton, Norris, Lancashire, coiton Ainsworth, Lancashire, cotton manufacturer (Ad-
manufacturer (Lowe aod co., Southampton build. lington and co., Bedford row-Mycock H. Men.
ings, Chancery lane-Fairclough R. Farringdon, chester, provision dealer 'Appleby aad co., Orray's
Lancaster, Tanner (Blakelock, Serjeant's lon, Fleet Jon square--Murray J. Bishopsgale street, cond-
sueel-Fourdrinier J. and J. C., Rickmansworth, wainer (Redit, King's Road, Bedford row.
Uerts, paper makers (Richardson, Clement's lane.
N
Lombard street-Fenner B. Fenchurch street cham Norris 11. Bolton le moors, Lancaster, confer-
bers, four factor (Parother and co., London street, tioper (Ellis, Chancery lane Nelson T. and E.
Fenchurch Street-Fisher G. and T. Liverpool, Smith, Bolton, Lancashire, bed quilt manafacturers
merchants (Clarke and co, Chancery lane-Fen. (Meddowcroft, Gray's In-Newton H. Devonshire
ner R. Paternoster row, bookseller (Sweet and co., stree!, Queen's square, tailor (Goodall, Southamp.
Basinghall street.
ton huildings, Chancery lane-Needs J. Brick lane,
Spital fields, coal merchant, (Lang, Fenchurch st.
Gregson W. Kingston upon Hull, merchant
(Ellis, Chancery lane-Greathead T. and W. Outh: Powel, P. Kuightsbridge, Middlesex, broker (Peg.
waite, Lamb street, Middlesex (Tbermpson and co., ber, Charlotte street, Blackfriars road--Parker J.
Leman street, Goodman's Fields-Gray G. Ham. Axbridge, Sumersetshire, money scriveper (Young
mersmith, Middlesex, carpenter and builder (Pop. and co., St. Mildred's court, Poultry-Peake S.
kio. Dean Street, Soho-Guy, T. Liverpool, broker Junr, and J. Rothwell, Halliwell, Lancashire, cali-
(Norris, John street, Bedford row-Grime J. Bol. co printers (Meadowcroft, Gray's loo-Paul J. Cir.
ton, Lancashire, upholsterer (Appleby and co., cus, Midories, merchant (Sweet and co., Basinghall
Gray's Inn square-Garland J. Austin Friars, in Street - Pinkerton T. Nuneaton, Warwickshire,
surance broker (Bourdillon and co., Bread street merchant (Rogers and co., Manchester buildings,
Cheapside.
Westninster-Piggott W. Ratcliffe highway, grocer
II
(llearn Hooper's syuare, Leman street, Goodman's
Harris C. and J. Edmonds, Birmingham, japan Fields-Power J. F. London street, merchant (Os.
ners (Alexander and co., New Inn--Hope T. baldeston, London street-Price T. Liverpool, baker
Blakeley, Manchester, bleacher (Hurd and co., (Adlington and co. Bediord row-Peel J. Fazeles,
Templellation J. Warrington, Lancaster, butcher Stafford, C. Harding, Fazeley, and Win. Wellcok,
(Ilurd and co., Temple--Horner J. Brockbottom, Fazeley, manufacturers and cotton spinners (East
Lancaster, W. Horner, Liverpool, and J. Horner, ham, Lawrance Lane, Cheapside-Pearce W. Out
Jamaica, linen manufacturers (Blakelock, Serjeant's Jane, London, Blackwell llall factors (Stevens, Sion
Inu, Fleet street-leaford T. Jobo Street, Stepuey, College gardens.
Middlesex, dealer and chapman (Bousfield, Bouve.
rie street, Fleet street-Harvey W. Clifton Glou. Ratcliffe T. of Ewood Bridge, Lancashire, Ras-
cester, lodging house kerper (Addington and co., cliffe J. Manchester, Ratcliff J. of Ewood Bridge,
Bedford row-llendry M, Kingston upon Hull, and R. Radcliffe, Manchester, calico printers (Kay
merchant (Rosser and co., Bartlett's buildings-ller. Essex street, Manchester.
bert T. Chequer yard, Dowgate hill, corton mere
S
* chant (Lewis, Crutched Friars--Ileath R. Chelten Street, J E. Budge Row, London, Stationer
ham, carrier (Bridger, Angel court, Throgmorton (Oldham, Earl street, Blackfriars-Sholter F. Steyn.
street-llowe J. Fiosbury place, livery stable keep ing, Sussex, auctinneer (Palmer and co., Bedford
er (Longdill and co., Gray's Inn square-Jayhurst row-Smith T. R. Oxtord, Jinen draper (Sted
W. Rimmington Gisburne, York, colton manufac. Bucklersbury-Stewart R. Liverpool, Lancaster,
Sturer (Hurd and co., Temple-Houghton J. E. fet master mariner (Uurd and co., Kings Bench Walk,
ter lanc, builder (Deykes, Thavies 100-Hofman J. Inner Temple_Stanley B. Woolwich, Kent, millar,
Mile end road, Middlesex, brewer (Thoinas, Fen (Chirm, Charles street, City road-Simpson R. Hall,
'court, Fenchurch street.
Bank buildings, merchant (Blunt and co., Broad
street baildings - Sayer W. Bristol, cora facter
Janmirson J. Globe street, Wapping, ship owner (Clarke and co., Chancery lane-Steir J. Butcher
(Hatchison, Crown court, Threadneedle street Tow, Bast Smithfield, rectifier (Lago and co., LAW.
Joncs O. E. Bedford, bookseller (Swain and co., rence Poutury Hill - Starkey W. Bethnal Greco
Frederick's Place, Old Jewry.
road, bricklayer, May and on., Bethnal Green road
к
Stephens J. lale of Dublin, but now of London,
Kidd J. Castle Coombe, Wilts, butcher (Dax and merchant (Adlington and co., Bedford row..-
co., Doughty street - Kent A. Deptford, baker Sykes, J. Juur., J. Sykes, and W. Redfearn, Al.
. (Williams, Cursitor street - Knowles J. Stroud, moodbury, York, faucy mapufacturars (Battye,
Gloucester, inuholder (His, Cook's court, Lincoia's · Chancery lane.
T
Thick J. Islington, Middlesex, broker (Beckett,
• Loft G. Woodbridge, Suffolk, corn and coal mer. Hoole strert-Taylor T. Leadeyball street, Master
chan (Hipe, Essex court, Temple-Leslie A. Size mariner (Taylor and co.. Great Jamos street, Bed:
• Jane, Bucklersbury, provision merchant (Oregson ford 10w--Tuckert J. and C. H. Bristol, grocers,
and co., Angel court. Throgmortou street--Lawes (Thompson, Gray's Inn-Trshain T. Newlya West,
* T. Amesbury, Wiltshire, corn dealer, Sandy's avd Cornwall, baker, (Rivington, Fenchurch street.
Co., Crane court, Fleet Street-Lamb J. R. UDS.
· worth lodge, Lancastus (Hay. Manchester-Lex W... Vigers W. R. Austin Friars, merchant (Knighet
Birminghum, virtualler (Long aud co., Ilolbora inand co., Besiaghall suceet.
court Gray's lan
R
*


1819.)
271
Dividends.
son, Bouverie street, Fleet Street - Whilmarsh
Worsley J. Liverpool, Lancaster, wine and por. H. Wingham, Kent, malster (Starr, Canterbury
ter merchant (Leigh and co., New bridge street Williamson T. Leigh, Lancashire, provision dealer
Woods E. Rayner, Kelvedon, Essex, grocer (Lewis (Shaw, Ely Place, Holborn-Wrignt W. Kirkdale,
Clement's Inn - Westwood C. Bristol, merchant Lancaster, victualler (Dacie and co., Palsgrav
King, Serjeant's ina, Fleet Street.-White J. and Place, Temple Bar--Watson H. Stepney Green,
W. French, Devonshire street, Kennington, dyers Middlesex, merchant (Wright, Fenchurch street
(Younger, Wellclose square and John street, Mi. Williams D. Green street, Bath, saddle and harness
pories White S. Turobam Green, victualler (llen. maker (Dax and co., Donglity street.
• DIVIDENDS.
singstoke, stage coach proprietor, April 17- Ford
Allen G. Greenwich, stationer, March 09-Adams W. Bedlington, Somerse, inalster, April 13
W, and J. Edwaris, Cumberland street, Fitzroy
square, chair makers, March 13- Alle B. Guildford Gill S. Horbury, Yorkshire, iallow chandler,
Street, St. Pancras, livery stable keeper, April 6 March 29-Goodman B. Romsey lufra, Southamp-
Adams D. Fleet street, optician, April 6
ton, milier, March 17-Godfrey T. Sadler's llall
В
court, merchant, March 27-Gill J. Mill Pheasant,
Barrow J. and J. Haigh, Kirklieaton, Yorkshire, Deron, rope maker, April 12-Goldspink R. Brook,
Merchants, March 23-Baker E Shetford, Bedford. Nortolk, butcher, April 10
Shire, paper maker, March 16- Beazley S. and M.
H
6. Neise, Parliaineat street, Westminster, army Heathfield M Old broad street, R. Heathfield, of
accoutrement inakers, March 20-- Blower J. H. Sheffield, and T. Heathfield of Tiverton, cotton-
Mint square, Tower Hill, gun maker, March 20- spinners, March 17-Hurry S. Angel court, Throg.
Bush J. Bisbopstortford, Hertford, money scrivener, mortou street, brokes, March 20-llole W. Isling-
Harch 90.-Briggs W. Armley, York, clothier, ton, Middlesex, apothecary, March 20—Hellye J.
March 24-Bond J Iluddersfield, York, merchant, Lloyd Coffee house, insurance broker, March 23
March 05--Barrett T. Upper George strcet, timber llainbridge J. Stow on the Wold, Gloucestershire,
merchant, march 23— Bendy E. Charles street, Hox- carrier, March 19.-llanton J. Manchester, and T.
ton, factor. March 30Bush W. Saffron Waldon, Smith, Middleton, Lancasbire, cotton spinners,
Essex, carpruter, March 13-Bishop R. Whitchurch, April 8--Haise T. II. and T. D. Meriton, Maiden
Hants, linen draper, April 17-Brown H. Charles Jane, Wood Street, Cheapside, button manufactur.
street, Westminster, April 6-Brown W. Liverpool, ers, April 0-Haddington M. King street, West
Lancaster, merchant, May 10
Smithfield, harness maker, March 27-Harrison J.
C
Ilesket, Cumberland, dealer in wood, April
Corpe J. Sun street, Bishopsgate within, saddler Joutson J. and T. Smith, Manchester, cotton spin.
and collar inaker, March 27- Cochran T. York, nels, April 6.
giover, March 19, April 13-Crampton W. Beck.
ingham, Nottingham, horse dealer, March 9-Cop Jones M. London road, St. George's Fields, up-
pin W. and E. North Shields, Nerthumberland, colder, April 3
ship owners, March 95-Curte G. and T. Bright.
K
helnistone, Sussex, linen drapers, March 27-Coul. Kohler J. St. Swithin's lane, merchant, March 16
ter J. Chatham, carpenter, April 10-Cumbers F. Koe J. H. Mill Wail, Poplar, Middlesex, Roman
Bcar's bead court, King stiert, Westminster, coach. cement manufacturer. March 6-Kendal J. Exeter.
master, March 27-Cridland C. Dublin, and B. statuary, March 15
Cridland, Leicester, merchants, April 5 -Clarkson
T. Kingsbury, Warwickshire, dealer in coals, April Logging F. Aylesbury, Buckinghamshir
8.-Clements J. Plymouth Dock, vintner, April 18. gist, March 16- Lande, J. Tokenhouse yard, mes.
D
chant, March 16- Latham J. Romsey, Southamp.
Dickinson J. Guildhall passage, warehouseman, ion, common brewer, March 17-Lord S. Sutton,
March 20-Dyke J. Gloucester, Salesman, March Surrey, innkeeper, March 27-Lancaster T. J. Cat.
02-Dutton T. King sireet, Cleapside, warehouse eaton street, merchant, April 13-Lewis R. Trefu.
man, March 20- Dawson W Wetherby, Yorkshire, aubey, Montgomery, tanner, April 16
"inakpeper, March 23-Dressard P. Welbeck street,
M
Cavendish square, milliner, March 27-Doubleday Mayer J. senr. and junr. Leadenhall screet, 4n-
W. Nottingham. lace manufacturer, April 8-De Surance brokers, March 11- Mowett J. St Martin's
Rome J. P. and J. Hanbrook, Augel court, Thiog. lane. builder, Marc
morton stroet. mercbants, May 11-Dary W. Nor Slicet within, merchant, March 23-Merac T. and
ich, gun maker, April 10-Devereux F. and M. M. la Porte Meras, Queen-street, Cheapside, ware-
Lainbart, Brabant court, Philpot lane, merchants, bogseinen, March 27-Morrison N. C. Tot centralp.
April ( Dodman M. Kornham, Norfolk, shopkeep court road, oil and colouinian, March 30---Moore
er, April 7-Drabbie W. Holbeck, Yorkshire, mr. S. Bashain, Herefordshire, farnier, April 5-Moore
chine maker, April 8-Davie D. G. and S. A. Snow. J. St. John's square, brandy merchant, March 30-
den, Plymouth dock. Devon, drapers, April 20- Mackneall J. Presion, linen diaper, April
Davies J. Cardiff, Glamorgan, builder, May 1- Mathieson W. and G. R. Lapruik, Bishopsgate
** Doswell J. Winchester, Southampton, butcher, street, Without, tailors, April - Mathias J.mod r.
April 19.
Bowen, Invertordwest. bankers, April 10-Mer.
F
rick T. Frith street, Soho, merchant, April 6-
**Fowler D. and A: Anstie, Gracechurch Street, Mayne E. G. High-streer, Shadwell, grocer, April
merchants, March 1.French A. B. OIJ South Moses T. Bath, linen-draper, March 26-Mills
Sea House, merchant, March 27- Jorder W. Ba. H. New Bond street, Middlesex, linep diapeia


272
1 April 2,
Digest of Political Events.
April 4-Matthews w. Liverpool, Lancaster,
Inerchant, April 11--Muffat n. Manchester, Lan.
eashire, merchant, April 10--Moore J. Mall,
chester, Lancashuc, flour dealer and baker, April
N
J. Tunbridge, Kent, baker, March 27 -
Naish F. Tiverton, Somersetshire, clothier, April 26.
Warwick, grocer, April 12--Saunders E. Ferersnata,
Kent, grocer, April 27.
T
Thurkle G. M. New street square, Petter-lane,
wine merchant and sword.cutler, March 2--Tyler
B. Woodford, Essex, inn-keeper, March 20-Tho-
mas R. Northumberland-court, Strand, delt,
March 27-Thornbury N. and E. Taylor, Stoud,
Gloucestershire, clothiers, March 10-Tarit W.
M. Old Broad-street, merchant Apul 6-Tarlstry
J. Liverpool, merchant, April 25-Turinn J. Kupo
ley, Derbyshire, April 11- Towse W. Wosingba!,
Berkz. merchant, April 10.
Pallet C. and J. P. Massey, Love.lanc, Alderman.
bury, factors, March 20 and May 1-Pennell w.
jun. Queeolithe, merchant, March 13- Pierce w.
Hawbrook Pottery, Salop, poiter, April 7 --Piper
W. Hammersinith, Middlesex, barge-builder, April
R
Rowlatt J. Charter.house square, merchant,
March, 2 and 13-Riches J. and H. Toren ac, Lon.
don-road, Surrey, lineu drapris. March 6.-Robert
son J. and J. Stem, Lawrence Pourtney Hill,
merchants, March 11--Rogers (. South Anston,
Yorkshire, maltster, Mar. 20- Rigs W. Liverpool,
merchant, April 19- Kead E. and T. Baker, Great
Russell street, Bloomsbury, March 20.
S
Saunders W. Bristol, mercer, March 16Smith
T. Austin Friars, London, merchant, March 20
Standen J. H. Dorer, Kent, linen-draper, Marc
20-Sykes J. and J. Marshall, North Collingham,
Nottingham. maitsters, April 16--Sinith W. and
P. S. Papillon, Merion bridge, Surrey, dyers and
e-lico printers, March 23--Sykes G. and J. Cur.
riers-ball-court, Huddersfield, York, clothers,
March 20--Smith D. J. and J. llampshire, Kirk
orkshire, scriblips and fulling millers,
March 25- Singer S. High-street, Kensington,
baberdasher, March 31, April 6--Setree A. John
street, Bedford row, money scrivener, March 31-
Stevenson T. Snow's Fields, Bermondsey, wool.
stapler, April 10---Stubbs J. Long Acre, coach
plater, April 6-Setree U. John street, Holboro,
mouey scrivener, April 6-Swana J. Bermigliam,
Ventress J. and R. Linmerson, Newcastle-upos
Tyne, cheeseinongers, April 8.
W
Warren J. and L. Smith, Austin Friars, mer.
chants, March 97-Whilfield J Old stree
Luke's, Coral merchant, March 27 Walcat T.
Portsca, Wants, linen draper, March 07-White J.
Portland street, Portiand place, merchant, March
97 --Williams L. Cursitor Street, Chacery icne.
colourman, March 27 ---Walker S. Jun. Manches.
ter, grocer, April 6.-Wingtield J. Long 1:06, West
Smithfield, sadler, March 31 and Arrio-Willer J.
Willoughby, Waterliss, Leicester, fariner, April 3
Walker J. Alhick, Worcester, timber merchant,
April 5-Wright II. New strect. Brunswick square,
merchant, April 3-Walker T. and a P. Parry.
Bristol, furnishing ironmongers, April 14-Walkie
E, and J. Red Cross street, Entst Sinithfield, yeast
merchant, April 10-Weale W. Birmingham, War.
wick, brazier and linnan, April 27--Willougiby B.
Plymouth, Devon, W. Thomas of the same place.
and R. Thomas, Cheapside, London, hat inanulac-
turers, April 10-Walton W. Evesham, Worcester.
harge owner, April 14--Watts W. Thorley, Bislie.
Stortfo.d, Hertford, farmer, April 20.
Yales J. E. Shoreditclı, pewterer, April so.
DIGEST OF POLITICAL EVENTS.
GREAT BRITAIN.
wish that the report of the secret com-
THE Election for Westminster ter- mittee should be prepared as soon as
thinated on the 3d instant, and tranquil- possible, as if an early resumption of
lity succeeded to the noise and tumult cash payments were contemplated, an
which it gave rise to-its conclusion was early report must be necessary. The
not very consolatory to the party whose same day Lord Castlereagh brought for.
political principles were identified with ward his motion on prison discipline.
the triuniph. Mr. Lamb's majority was and a committee was appointed to in-
secured by the aid of those who sup- vestigate the various papers laid before
ported him as a minor evil. Without the House as connected therewith. It
That aid, we firmly believe that his own appears to us to be an important object
áriends could not have returned him to find some remedy to an evil of which
Hurse of Commons.--An interesting all men complain, namely, the promiscu-
debate took place on the 2d. on the ous mixture of offenders, of different de-
question of the resumption of cash pay- grees of crime, of different feelings and
ments by the Bank of England. The conditions of profligacy. A boy, for ex-
Chancellor of the Exchequer, in answer ample, or a young servant girl, is com-
to a question froin Mr. Calcraft, gave a mitted for a first offence-a petty lar.
very luminous explanation of the causes ceny, or on mere suspicion. A judicious
of the great fall that had taken place in punishment would probably lead to cer-
the funds, which had been attributed to tain reform of the offender. But, ac-
the Bank having parrowed their dis- cording to the present practice, such
counts. So far from the Bank issues criminal is immediately cast into the so-
having been reduced, they stood higher ciety of old thieves and finished felons,
than they had done. He expressed a where their rising remorse and peni


1319.]
Digest of Political Events.
273
tence is suppressed by the example or chequer for the public service, Exche-
ridicule of their companions; and those quer bills should be deposited as a se-
who enter pilferers come forth accom- curity.
plished thieves and determined prosti. On the 16th, the Attorney-general
tutes. Another object worthy of atten- made a motion for a committee to en-
tion is, the substituting some better sys- quire into the state of the law relative to
tem of employment for offenders than the discharge of insolvent debtors.
the useless mode of beating hemp, and a There are many persons that urge
certain portion of labour to be performed this law to be bad in principle, and that
in a given time, as it is well known that it ought not to exist.
the present toil is remitted or dispensed What is the principle of the law ?-
with altogether, at the caprice of the That men who have contracted debts,
goaler. Every one, at all observant of which they are unable to pay, shall not
the habits of criminals, perfectly well remain at the mercy of their creditors,
knows that nothing is so much dreaded provided no fraud is established against
by them as hard work, and that they them, and that they surrender, not only
hare almost all become thieves from their the property they inay have at the time
dislike of it. Sir James Mackintosh re of their discharge, but make all future
deemed his pledge, by bringing forward property they may acquire available to
his promised motion on the criminal the liquidation of such debts.
laws. There can be but one opinion This is, in a few words, what we take
upon the eloquence, the moderation, and to be the principles of the insolvent law,
the precedence of his speech on that oc- aud it is matter of astonishment, that in
casion. It contained nothing violent or any civilized country, there should be
inflammatory, and without the least of- found persons capable of condemning it
fort at brilliancy it pleased both sides of in the abstract.
the House. It appears to us that one W hen we look at its principle and its
more reason might have been added to practical application, we readily admit
his luminous argument- that of making that there is a large field for deliberation
the punishments assigned by law so ap- opened; and therefore we greatly ap-
propriate, that in almost all cases they prove of the appointment of a committee
will be practically inflicted, and the so- to gire the subject proper investigation,
Tereign will thus be, to a great degree, heartily recommending to their notice
relieved from one of his most painful du- the continuance of the existing law, ad-
ties.-On the 8th, the Chancellor of the ministered by a jury.
Exchequer made a motion relative to the Sir Francis Burdett presented a peti-
balances in the hands of the Bank. As tion, signed by four of the electors of
this subject is not generally understood, Westminster, complaining of the return
we will enter a little into it:-Accord- of Mr. Lamb, on the grounds of that
ing to the practice of the Exchequer, gentleman having by himself, and his
the revenue received, which is applicable agents, been guilty of bribery.
to the consolidated funds, accumulates The navy estimates bave been pre-
till the end of the quarter, till which sented to the House--they aniount to
time it has not been made applicable £2,148,526 12s. 7d. Estimates were
to the public service, the Bank having presented of the charge that may be ne-
had the advantage of the interest upon cessary for the building and repairing of
it. Or, in plainer terms, the interest on ships of war and other works, together
the sum has hitherto been lost to the with the sums that will be wanted for
public, and been received by the Bank, the transport service, and by the vic-
which has, till now, drawn the balance tualling board, for the cost of provisions
out of the hands of the Tellers of the for the use of the army on board trans-
Exchequer, placing as a deposit in their ports, and in garrisons abroad.
coffers Exchequer bills to an equal For the total charge for the
amount. The proposition now is, that ships is
£1,145,430
the advantage of the sum so accumulated For the improvements in the
shall be transferred from the Bank to yards
486,198
the public, to the amount of six millions, For army provisions
419,310
which is nearly as large a sum as is For the transport department 281,312
usually accumulated in the interval be-
tween the end of one quarter and the
2,335,268
end of the succeeding one. The Chan- Navy estimates
2,148,526
cellor therefore proposes, that at the
time these sums are taken froin the ex-
4,483,794
New MONTHLY MAG.–No. 63. Vou. XI. 2 N


274
Memoir of Dr. John Wolcot, M. D. [April 1,
Of the sum destined for the navy, the the power of the crown. What would
estimate of the half-pay, superandua- Sis Francis and his friend Hobhouse say
tions and pensions, &c. amounts to no to such a propositive in the British
less than £1,125,692 18s. 9d.
House of Commons ?) But the king, a
The civil superannuations and pen- man of too much virtile to promise one
sions amount to £100,634, 6s. 1d. thing and do another, steadily refuses
FRANCE.
the 'accession of power and influence
The French court are reduced to thus intended to be given bim, and rest-
fomething like the expedient resorted to ing upon the charter, adheres to its spi-
by Queen Anne, who created in one rit and letter. So strony is the opposite
day thirty peers, in order to obtain a party, that he is only enabled to defeat
majority in the House of Lords against their purposes by so extraordinary an
a strong opposition. The chambers and exertion of his prerogative as the crea-
people are divided into two strong par- tion of fifty new peers, so as to ensure a
ties; the ultra-royalists, at the head of majority in the upper chamber. The
whom is the Count d'Artois, and the minister of finance has submitted to the
charter-party, at the head of whom are chamber of deputies the budget for the
the King and ministry. The former present year. It contained only the es-
party have become so strong, as almost timated amount of expenditure, the
to compel the government to a direct ways and means were to forin the sub-
violation of the charter, as it respects ject of another communication. The
the law of elections, having introduced a total amount is $89,210,000 francs, being
law, by which tlie intermediate body of an aggregate of expense somewhat great-
departmental colleges is to be interposed er than was required for the preceding
beiween the electors and the members, year. The increase has taken place
(or in a more generally intelligible lan- chiefly in the consolidated and funded
gunge) that is to say, by which the free- debt, (occasioned by the departure of the
holders are not to elect the members of army of occupation) in the foreign de-
the chambers, but to elect twelve or partment and that of the marine. The
fourteen in every department, who are licentiousness of the press has attained
to forin an electoral board for the ac- so dangerous a height, that the govern-
tual election. The kiny, it is proposed, ment has been obliged to abandon the
is to choose the president, and to bribe, temporary system it has hitherto fol-
if he pleases, the other members ; so lowed, and to order the prosecution of
that if this measure had been quietly two works, replete with sedition and
adopted, all elections would have been in outrage.
MEMOIR OF DR. JOIN WOLCOT, M. D.
This eccentric character, who is better quaker, but like the late Dr. Birch, quitted
known to the public by his poetical appel- the society of friends, and became a school-
lation of PETER PINDAR, closed his che- master. Under this instructor, John made
ouered career, at his apartments in Mont. a good proficiency in Latin, till he was
gomery's Nursery ground, Somers' Town, sixteen years of age, when his uncle, a
on the 13th of January, in his 81st year, bachelor, who was settled in good busi-
being somewhat oid r than our venerable ness, at Fowey, in Cornwall, as a sur-
Sovereign, who was for a long period the geon and apothecary, took him as an
subject of his malignant satire.
apprentice, with the view of making him
He was born at Dodbrook, in the South of his heir and successor. Wolcot served his
Devon, near the Start Point, in April, 1787. term of seven years diligently, and at the ex-
The name is variously spelt in registers piration of that time, went to London for im-
ard deeds, semetines through caprice, and provement; and after attending the hospitals,
ometines from ignorance; as Wolcot, returned into the west, where he became
Woolcot. Wolcott, Pollacott, and Walcot. an assistart to his uncle, with whom he
Our poet is mentioned for instance in lived on the best footing, till Sir William
the baptismal record under the name Trelawney was appointed to the govern-
of Walcot, though he uniformly speltment of Jamaica, when John desired his
it Wolcot. His father was a respectable uncle, who was apothecary to the l'a-
farmer, and lived in a little freehold of his mily, to recommend him for a situation
own, which descended to his son, who under his excellency. This was a thunder-
sold it in 1795. He received his school clap to the old gentleman, who fell into a
oducation under Mr. Morris, a respectable great passion, abused his nephew for his
Leacher at Kingsbridge, who had been a ingratitude, and threatened to cut himn ofr


1819.
275
Memoir of Dr, John Wolcot, M. D.
with a shilling. John, however, who knew life. Unfortunately, however, his manners
his relation's temper thoroughly well, per- were not improved by a residence in the
severed in his application, and aller auch West Indies, and as he possessed some pro-
altercation, the uncle reluctantly agreed to pertv, both real and personal, which had been
wait upon Sir William, who also was very litt him by his parents and uncle, he cared
mucb surprised, but having a regard for little about patients, and paid not the small-
his professional friend, and no unfavourable est attention to the families in his neigh-
idea of the abilities of the young man, he borirhood. With one or other of these, he
readily gave his consent, and nominated was continually on terms of hostility,
him his physician, to quality himsell for and his greatest delight was to annoy them
which post, Wolcot obtained a diploma by anteriynious squids and caricatures; for
from Scotland, where the universities were, the Doctor was equally clerer and severe
23 now, endeavouring to get rich by with the pen and the pencil. Among the
decrees. In the vovage, the ship touched objects of his satire. was the late Henry
at Tenerife, and while here, the Doctor Rosewarne, E.q. member of parliament for
formed several interesting acquaintances, Truro, who was lampoond by him in every
and wrote some of his most pleasing possible way. On one occasion, that gen-
poems. On his arrival at the place of des- tleman suffered a very mortilving insult
tination, he found many sources of enjoy- from his troublesome neighbour. Mr.
ment, for as it was a time of peace, the Rosewarne, after his election, invited a larse
island healthy, and the planters, living in a party to his house, to a supper and ball;
style of bospitable luxury, such a man as but of course the Doctor was not one of
our author could not fail to make himself the guests. To avenge himself for this
agreeable. He was also a favourite with neglect, Wolcot sent a letter of invitation, as
the governor, who appointed him physician from Mr. Rosewarne, to an old woman, who
general to the island; a situation, however, was a distant relation and pensioner of that
that was more honourable than lucrative. gentleman's wife. This matron, who was
At this time, the rector of St. Anne's parish such a notorious drunkard and virago as to
died, and as there were few clergymen in be the dread of all Truro and the nei, hbour-
Jamaica, aod no superintendent, the Doctor hood, proud of the honour so unexpectedly
'was prevailed upon to perform the ecclesi conferred, dressed herself out in the best
astical duties in the vacant church, ull the manner she could, and sallied forth at the
arrival of a new incumbent. Such was the appointed hour, to her cousin's house, into
lax state of religious order in our colonial which she found easy access, and proceeded
settlements, that even the governor acceded up stairs to the drawing room, where her
to this
e knew very presence created unusual display and con
well that the principles of his medical at- fusion.
tendant were of the most libertine descrip- The company stared with pale astonish-
tion, and would have totally disqualified him ment at the gaunt figure, for she was of a
for the due discharge of the sacerdotal office, most gigantic stature, and poor Mrs. Rose-
eren though he had received the sanction warne fainted away. The attempts neces.
of the ordinary. As an instance of this, sary, though gentle enough, to recove the
the writer has heard the Doctor jocularly, unwelcome visitor, made matters worse, for
but blasphemously, laugh at his having having already primed herself, as she came
offered up prayers to the loly Trinity in along, with right Nantz, she lerelled the
the morning, and amused himself with footman to the floor with one blow, and
shooting the Holy Ghost in the afternoon- smashed to pieces all the apparatus of the tea
meaning the wood-pigeons, which abound table that stood nearest to her; then throw-
in the interior of Jamaica. This shecking ing down the letter which had been sent to
circumstance is here selected, as elucidatory her, she stalked out of the room into another,
of the man's character, and of the de- where she committed similar depredations,
plorable state of morals in our West Indian and chancing to encounter a musician in her
islands at that period.
way, she spatched the fiddle from him, and
Sir William Trelawney, fearful that a new broke it about his head. The whole house
rector might be sent out, now advised the was in an uproar; the servants, instead of
Doctor to hasten back to England, and running to stop the ravages of this Cornish
obtain legal institution from the Bishop of Meg Merrilies, avoided her as the approach-
London; and accordingly he came home ed them, and thus she was suffered to reign
with the first fleet; but in the mean tinne, for near an hour within the mansion, while
his patron died, and presentation to the the people on the outside were enjoying the
living was refused. The Doctor now re- storm. Jokes of this sort could seither in-
linquished a profession, to which he neither crease the friends ror the practice of the
had inclination nor pretensions of any sort; doctor, for instead of denying the fact of his
and his uncle being dead, he resolved to having written the letter, he made a boast of
set up as a physician at Truro, where he is; but though the scene occasioned much
had a numerous acquaintance; and might fun to him and his boon companions, it was
have established himself in good credit and viewed in a very different light by the gena
practice, by a proper regard to the duties of tleman at whose expense it was played, and


276
[ April 1,
Memoir of Dr. John IVolcot, M. D.
all the respectable people of the place were of the Rev. Mr. Polwhele, was not a
much offended with a trick, that had deprived little fostered by Doctor Wolcot, who was
them of a pleasing entertainment. Matters in the habit of visiting Truro grammar
now grew disagreeable to the Doctor, and he school, and examining the boys, in the
was subjected to mortifications in his turn. course of which he discovered the poetic
Patients fell off, acquaintances grew cool; he turn of young Polwhele, to whom he fre-
was left out in the invitations to public meet quently gave topics for Latin and English
ings, and few were the social parties that composition. One of these themes on Sleep,
would venture to admit a man whose con occasioned a rivalry between the Doctor and
versation was ribaldry, and whose pen over- his young friend ; and this mode of compo-
flowed with gall. At length a circumstance sition, in writing verses on the same sub-
occurred that induced the doctor to abandon ject, contributed not only to the improve.
Truro, and this was a litigation between ment of the youth immediately concerned.
him and the parish, respecting the right of but others of the same standing in that re.
the latter to saddle him with an apprentice. spectable seminary.
The Doctor refused to take one, and appeal. In the Spring of 1781. Dr. Wolcot and
ed to the magistrates at the county sessions, his friend Opie came to London, where the
by whose decision he was fixed, and had to painter was welcomed as a phænomenon,
pay the costs, on which, in a great hurry, he to such a degree that the street in which he
sold off his furniture, and swearing that if took up his residence was crowded with
the overseers would put an apprentice into carriages from morning to night.
his house, they should maintain him there, Soon afterwards, the poet, who had made
he left Truro and went to reside at Helston, himself known by his or Epistle to the Re-
about seventeen miles from that town, near viewers,” formed the plan of an unusual
the Lands End. After remaining there critique on the pictures in the exhibition,
some time he returned to Exeter, where which design he carried into execution, the
he had lodgings for a year or two in St Pe- ensuing season, in the publication of
ter's church-yard. It is proper to observe “Lyric Odes to the Royal Academicians,
here, that the doctor, during his residence by Peter Pindar, a distant relation of the
at Truro, cultivated the sister arts of poetry poet of Thebes.” If, however, our merry
and painting, with assiduity and effect.-- bard had adapted the name of Peter Aretin,
Some very charming effusions of his muse, it would have been more in character; for
written at this place, make it to be regretted his muse instead of possessing Grecian ele-
that a genius so well fitted for the true sub- gance and dignity, was a mere virago, copi-
lime, should hare dipped its plumes in the ous in the language of abuse, and perfectly
filthiest puddle of obscenity and scandal. indifferent to the feelings of those upon
The “ Ode on Cambria," a mountain in whom it was bestowed. In the midst of his
Cornwall, written by him in the year 1776, scurrility, however, he displayed consider-
may vie with the happiest productions of able knowledge of the art, and administered
Collins, or even Gray, in pathos, personifi - much wholesome advice to young painters
cation, and description.
Nor could it be said that his censures were
It was during his residence at Troso, that altogether undeserved, though the caustic
Dr. Wolcot had an opportunity of bringing severity of them in most instances was cer-
forward to the world an eminent natural ge- tainly inexcusable.
nius, who, but for his friendship and assis The following year (1783) he produced
tance,would never haveemerged from his ori another batch, in which, alter laying the
ginal obscurity, or at most might have been a lash without mercy on some artists of great
sirn-painter in his native county. This per name, he managed to bestow a portion of
son was John Opie, a name of which Corn praise on-
wall has just reason to be proud. Opie was “The Cornish boy, in tin-mines bred.. .
a parish apprentice to one Wheeler, a house. Whose native genius, like his diamonds,
carpenter, in the village of St. Agnes. The shone
Doctor, in his rides through the village, was In secret, till chance gave him to the sun."
so much struck with some rude sketches in But this attachment to Opie did not last long,
chalk, and a few on paper, that were shewn and before the next exhibition a difference
him as this lad's performance, that he invi arose between the poet and the painter, which
ted him to his house, furnished him with terminated their friendship for ever.
materials, and gave him such lessons and The cause of the breach has been ascrib-
assistance, as enabled him in a short time to ed, and we believe truly, to pecuniary claims
set up for an itinerant portrait painter. Opie made by Peter, which were resisted with in-
followed the profession of an itinerant dignation, as totally unfounded in justice.
painter, in Cornwall and Devonshire, for Let this be as it may, the bard now became
tro or three years, with increasing reputa an implacable enemy of the person upon
tion. While his patron dwelt at Exeter, he whom he had lavished so much praise, and
came thither also, and by painting the he pow took as much pains to ruin his re-
portraits of Dr. Glass and Mr. Patch, the putation as he had before done to raise him
piiysician and surgeon of the hospital, above bis contemporaries. He even went so
he acquired grcat celebrity. We may far as to patronise an obscure artist, whose
also add here, that the aspiring genius merits he blazoned in all companies, with


1819.)
277
Memoir of Dr. John Wolcot, M. D.
the view of supplanting Opie ; but after la- shall not enumerate the remaining publica-
bouring some time to force this person into tions of Wolcot, because they must be suf-
notice, he was obliged to abandon him again ficiently known to our readers; and it would
to obscurity, while his mortification was in be almost impossible to specify any of them
creased by seeing the man whom he had en- without, at the same time, noticing the pro-
deavoured to injure gaining ground in his stitution of wit to sedition, blasphemy, and
profession.
calumny. Neither rank, sex, nor virtue,
In 1785, Peter made up for his silence the could protect characters of eminence from
preceding year, by bringing out no less than the shafts of his ridicule; and in some of his
twenty-three odes, one of which was devoted, convivial moments, when sacrificing largely
in po very courtly phrase, to his majesty. to Bacchus, he has openly acknowledged and
With the next exhibition the satirist took his gloried in the declaration, that he made scur-
farewell of the painters, with a broad hint, rility a trade. “'Tis my vocation, Jack,”
that he was now preparing for a much no- said he to a remonstrating friend, ~ and I
bler quarry.
am resolved to live and die in the exercise of
Accordingly this daring lampooner soon it." When asked how he came to assail per-
after appeared in a direct attack upon his sons of the fairest reputation, of whom he
sovereign, and the mock-heroic which he could know but little, and nothing to their
produced, worked up by his invention, pre- disadvantage - his answer constantly was,
sented so glaring an evidence of the wanton “Why they have a name, and that's enough
liberty of the poets in this country, that even for me. A satire upon scoundrels, and people
they who enjoyed the joke, wondered at the about whom nobody cares a farthing, would
temerity of the writer, and the supineness of never sell.”
government.
Such was the principle which governed
It has often been made a question, what the conduct of this man, who, to pamper
motive actuated the satirist in holding up his own vices, scattered firebrands into the
the monarch, and almost every branch of habitations of others, and laughing at his
the royal family, to public ridicule? and success, exclaimed that it was all done in
some persons, affecting peculiar sagacity, sport. The prodigious sale of his works
have attributed the malice of the poet to stimulated him to proceed in this nefarious
some ill-treatment which he and his friend course, and it deserves observalion, that
Opie bad experienced from the king. No- though the satirist was a debauchee of the
thing, however, could be more erroneous grossest description, he was avaricious to
than this surmise; and the writer of the excess. He seemed to have no other idea
present article can take upon himself to say, of happiness than that of getting money,
That neither the poet por the painter had the and indulging his sensual appetite.
slightest cause of resentment. The satirist, While the redoubtable Peter was thus
on being interrogated respecting his conduct dealing mischief all around, like an Indian
in this instance, has uniformly declared that running a muck, he unfortunately encoun-
his sole inducement was to get money, and tered a native genius, possessed of equal
that finding how eager the people were to powers and better principles, who assailed
swallow any ridiculous thing reported of him in his turn, and made him feel the whip
their superiors, he availed himself of the most sorely. The satirist, instead of re-
general credulity to perform the part of flecting upon the wounds which he had so
Thersites for his own advantage. Thus ta- waptonly inflicted, without the least provo-
lents of the richest description, and obviously cation or regard to truth, on others, took
capable of immortalizing the possessor, by this castigation in high dudgeon, and sally-
benefiting the public, were perverted to the ing forth with a cudgel in his hand, he at-
most sordid purposes. On some occasions, tacked Mr. Giffard, the author of the Ba-
indeed, his satirical powers were well ap- viad and Mæviad, in a bookseller's shop,
plied, and in all they never failed to create a where, however, he was soon disarmed, and
laugh, even in those persons who despised tumbled into the street. Alter this he aveng-
the buffoon, and shuddered at his profane- ed himself, in a manner, with a weapon to
Dess. The Town Eclogue on Johnson's Bio which he was more accustomed. But the
graphers is one of the happiest pieces of virulence of his abuse, and the infamous
burlesque in our language, and extremely charges alledged by him against his anta-
characteristic of all the parties. Dr. Wolcot gonist, only convinced the public how bit-
was well acquainted with the great moralist, terly he writhed under the correction which
by often meeting him at the table of his he had received, and with what strict justice
countryman, Sir Joshua Reynolds ; but it had been ministered.
Johnson rather repelled than encouraged At length the irregularity of his living
his advances to a nearer intimacy, from the brought on an asthmatic complaint, which
dislike which he had to ribald discourse, gave such strong symptoms of a speedy dis-
The húmourist happening to be in company solution, that his booksellers laid their heads
with the doctor ope day, observed to him, together to devise a plan for securing to
that his portrait by Reynolds was deficient in themselves the copy-right of his works. Ac-
dignity: which remark was received with a cordingly, with great cupping, the doctor
growl. “ No, sir;-the pencil of Reynolds was brought over to accept an annuity of
never wanted diguity nor the graces." We two bundred and fifty pounds, for which he


278
[April 1,
Memoir of Dr. John Wolcot, M. D.
readily made a proper assignment of his li- among the rest, " AD Address to be spoken
terary labours. This being executed, he at the opening of Drury Lane Theatre, by a
went into the west, and there sold the little landlord in the character of Peter Pun-
freehold which he inherited from his fore- cheon." This was his last composition, sub-
fathers, at Dodbrook: but, contrary to all sequently to which he employed himself in
calculation and human expectancy, though the arrangement of a complete edition of his
for some months he could not lie down in poetical works, for which he dictated a kind
a bed at night, the salubrious air of Devon of biographical preface. But that which
and Cornwall wrought such a surprising happeneth to all men, could not be parried
change in his constitution, that he got rid of by the liveliness of genius; and it is to be
his cough, and held out above tiventy years regretted that the warnings which were given
jonger. On returning to London, his reno- so significantly had not the effect for which
vated appearance startled the booksellers, they were sent. Though the poet had now
who would have rather seen his ghost in Pa- reached the age of fourscore, he still in-
ternoster-row, and they now consulted how dulged the hope of protracted existence in a
to be free of their engagement. Recourse world where he was almost forgotten, and
was had to the law for this object, and a the pleasures of which he could no longer
chancery suit was actually commenced, when enjoy. All beyond was as great a blank as
the failure of the principal house occasioned the sphere around him; and death to him
a compromise, and the bond was cancelled. was literally wliat Hobbes called it in his
At this period the doctor had lodgings in own case, “ a leap in the dark." The satirist
Chapel-street, Mars-le-bone, from whence did indeed make his will, and he gave direc-
he removed, for the benefit of the air, to tions for his interment, which he desired
Pratt-place, Camden Town, where he con- should be as ncar as conld be ascertained to
tipued to amuse himself with writing on such the grave of Butler, in Covent Garden
topies of the day as afforded scope for his church-yard: but he still clung to life with
mirth. He also superintended a new edition such remarkable tenacity, that the very day
of Piikipaton's Dictionary of Painters; com- before his dissolution, which happened on
piied a Sclection of the Beauties of English the 13th of January last, he talked confi-
Poetry; and pricted anonymously a tragedy dently of spending the ensuing summer in
caild - The Fall of Portugal." Besides Devonshire His remains were deposited in
thes literary productions, the doctor, pre- the cemetery which he had selected, but it
suming on his popularity under the appel will be in vain to assign any just reason for
lative of Peter Pindar, sent into the market such a choice. Between Wolcot and the au-
a set of landscapes, engraved in aqua tinta, thor of Hudibras not the slightest resem-
from his own drawings. He likewise de blance can be found. The latter applied his
scended so low as to write pufling paragraphs inimitable talents to the unmasking of kpa-
for the lottery offices, and we have no doubt very, and the support of loyalty; but the
that in time many of these will be sought for former made game of virtne, and did all that
with avidity by bibliomaniacs and the col- lay in his power to alienate the minds of the
Jectors of curiosities. At last, he who had people from their sovereign. Though But-
lived by exposing others to ridicule, became ler exposed canting hypocritas to ridicule,
an object of public ridicule himself: and be evinced a deep respect for the sacred
when he had passed the threshold of the age truths of revealed religion ; but the modern
or man, he was brought into the court of satirist intermired with his abuse of persons
King's Bench on an action for criminal con- the most shocking parodies and burlesque
versation. The affair was passing strange, perversions of scripture. The wit of Butler
and whimsically extravagant; but though accomplished a great national purpose, in
the plaintiff was nonsuited, to the satisfac- providing an effectual antidote to a moral
tion of the court, enough came out in the epidemic, which had produced inconceivable
evidence to convince every body that our old mischief; but the lampoons of Pindar tend
Adonis had not forgotien the sports of his to poison society, and to destroy the great
youth.
bonds by which manliind are united toge-
Soon after this the doctor shifted his quar- ther. In reading Hudibras, we laugh, it is
ters to Ogsulstoo-street, Somers Town, where true; but then our mirth is excited by causes
he buried his old and faithful servant Nell, that are obvious to our minds, and we feel
upon whom he wrote an cpitaph too inde- obliged to the poet for laying open those per-
cent to be here inserted. The doctor now picious follies, upon which grave arguinent
made another remove to the house of Mr. would be lost. The works of the modern
Montgomery, a purseryman, near the New Domus create risibility also, but it is an en-
Road, where he received a few select friends, tertainment which no wise or good man is
but saw none; for a confirmed cataract had proud to recollect, or willing to repeat, be-
totally extinguished vision in both eyes. In cause he is conscious that he has been drann
this state, however, he dictated some little in by a trick to indulge a moment's merri-
eifusions' of his fancy to an amanucasis, and, ment at the expense of truth and virtue.


1819.)
( 279 )
INCIDENTS, PROMOTIONS, BIRTIIS, MARRIAGES, DEATIS, &c. IN
LONDON AND MIDDLESEX;
With Bingraphical Accounts of Distinguished Charucters.
BULLETIN OF THE KING'S HEALTI. 4 8 0 . . . . 102,09
Mindsor Castle, March 3, 1819. 4 10 0 . . . . 106,66
Ilis Majt ty has been generally cheerful 4 12
. 104,35
during the ast month ; but his disorder has 4 14 0
102,10
suffered 10 diminution. His Majesty's 4 16 0
100,00
health cortinyes gocd.
4 11 0
97,96
(Simed as usual.) 5 00
96,00
From official returns, printed by order of 5 2 0 .
94,12
the House of Commons, it appears that the 5 4 0 . . . . 92,39
quantity of wheat inported from foreign 5 6 0 . . . . 30,57
countries into Ireland, in the year ending 5 8 0 . , , . 88,88
the 5th of January, 1818, was 17,807 bar 5 10 0 . . . . 87,27
rels; ditto in the year ending the 5th of The Bank of England note has been for
Jannary, 1819, 14.617 harrels. Of har many years past, and it is now by law the
ley, in the former period, 120 barra}e; ditto legal money of this country. It will be
in the latter 1098 barrels. Of Oats, in found, by calculation, or by reference to the
the former period, 8803 barrels; ditro, in above scale, that every rise in the price of
the latter period, 952 barrels, of beans, gold is a debasement, a depreciation, or a
in the former period, 20 barrels ; ditto, in lessening of the intrinsic value of our pre-
the latter, 24. Of Hour, in the former sent money unit, or pound note, and a frau-
period, 11,552 cwt.; ditto, in the latter, dulently and secretly changing of the mea-
1,057 cwt.
sure of value; consequently that it alters
An official return of the strength of the the nature of all transactions for a time
British army on the 25th of January, 1819, throughout the country
laid before the House of Commons, states Preferments.] The Rev Mr. Pitman to
the general total at 109,810 non-commis- the Magdalen.---The Rev. Francis Coleman
sioned officers and privates, and 5,852 ofli. M. A. to the Rectory of Humber, Hereford.
cers; of which amount there are serving - The Rev. John Elliot, A. B. to the per-
in Great Britain 15,248, exclusive of 5,516 petual Curacy of Randwick, Gloucester-
Foot Guards; Ireland 18,923; East Indies shire.--The Rev. John Preston Reynolds,
18,281 ; troop-horses 11.27.
B. A. to the Rectory of Little Munden,
Gold and Paper.-Of all the subjects flerts.--The Rev. T. T. Walmsley, to the
connected with political economy, there is Rectory of St Vedast, Foster-lane, and Har-
not perhaps any one of more importance, well, Middlesex.--The Rev. W. Jackson,
or on which the well-being and prosperity M. A. to be domestic chaplain to the Earl
of civilized States so much der ends, as on of Verulam.-The Hon. and Rev. George
that of money and finance. The selish- Pellew to the Vicarage of Laling, Essex.
ness, cruelty, and ignorance of various --The Rev T. Thorpe, M. A. to the Rec-
governments, and the want of a thorough tory of Widlord, Nottinghamshire.- The
knowledge of the theory and practice of Rev. William Smith, A. M. to the Rectories
money, have occasioned more misery in the of Brome and Oakley, Sufolk. - The Rev,
world, and produced the destruction and Levi Walton, to be head master of the free
overthrow of more states than any other school of Scarping, Norfolk. --The Rev. H.
cause whatsoever. As the subject of our Lloyd, to the Vicarage of Llanfawr, near
money has been again brought before the Bala.--The Rev. J. T. Holloway to the Vi-
public, and as every one is interested in its carage of Stanton upon Hine Heath, Salop.
discussion, the following scale is given for The Rer. Samuel Heyrick, to the Rectory
the purpose of conveying a more clear of Brampton by Dingley, and Carlton,
idea of the nature of our present system of Norts.-The Rev. E. Valpy, to the Vica.
money as established by the bank directors rnge of South Walsham, St. Mary, Norfolk.
and ministers ; it shows the manner in which ---The Rev. Edniund Gray, bart. to the
every alteration in the price of gold changes Rectory of Kirkby, Misperton, Yorkshire.-
the intrinsic value of the money unit, the The Rev. Henry Denny Berners, L.L.B.
pound sterling, or Bank of England pound to the Archdeaconry of Suffolk.-The Rev.
pote; our present fluctuating measure of George Rennell, to the Rectory of Grey-
value.
stead.-The Rer. Isham Pacis, to the
When Gold is at
Rectory of Warkı-The Revi Viliam
L. 8. d.
Grains
Elliot, to the Rectory of Thorneyburn.---
3 17 10% an ounce 123 27 of Gold The Rev. William Evans, to the perpetual
4 0 0 . . . 120,00
Curacy of Fluinshaugh.The Rev. John
4 2 0 . . . . 117,07
Stedman, to be Master of the Grammar
4 4 0 , .. 114,28
School, Guildford.-The Rev.Henry Bower,
5 6 0 . . . . 111,63
M. A. to the Vicarage of St. Mary Mag-


280
Births, Marriuges, Deaths, fc. in London and Middlesex. [April 1,
dalen, Taunton, and Staple-Pitzpain, both ter of Gen. John Hale, of the Plantation,
in Somersetshire.--The Rev. Mascie Dom- Yorkshire.---Capt. Abra Alexander Wood,
ville Taylor, M. A. to the Rectory of More- to Elizabeth Maria, daughter of Capt,
ton Corbet, Shropshire.--The Rev. W. Beecher, R. N.-N. P. Levi, esq. of Lom-
Barber, A. M. to the Vicarage of Duthield, bard-street, to Sarah, only daughter of the
Derbyshire.-The Rev George Maximilian late Abraham Goldsmith, jun.---C. T. Ma-
Slatter, to the Vicarage of West Anstey, hon, esq. of Laleham, to Mary Margaret.---
Devon.
At St. Andrew's Church, Holborn, William
Births.] In Henrietta-street, Cavendish- Cartwright, esq, of Hunter-strest, Brunss,
square, the lady of Sir Bellingham Grant- wick-square, to Maria, youngest daughter
ham, bart. of a daughter.---In Park-street, of the late Daniel Robinson, of Gray's-inn-
the lady of Charles H. Marshall, esq. of a place.---William Levi Irish, esq. to Frede-
daughter.--- In Grosvenor-square, the lady rica, youngest daughter of the late Fraucis
of John Marberley, esa. M.P. of a son. Spilsbury, of Soho-square.--At St. Mary
In Portland-place, the lady of Lieut Gen. le-bone New Church, Joseph Wickham
Reynolds, of a son..--In Harley-street, the Mayer, esq. 8th Light Dragoons, to Miss
lady of George Henry Ward, esq. of a Ann E. Gowrley, of Upper Norton-street,
daughter.---In Hamilton-place, her Grace Portland-place.---At St. Mary's, Islington,
the Duchess of Bedford, of a son.---The the Rev. A. Clarkson, of Bindley, Yorkshire,
wife of the Hon. H. Grey Bennett, M.P. to Miss Elizabeth C. Wilcocke, of Isling-
of a son.--At her father's house, St. James's ton.---Benjamin Cohen, esq. of Great Cum-
Park, lady Gardiner, of a son.---In Wim- berland-street, to Justina Montefiare, of
pole-street, the lady of Sir Lawrence Palk, Vauxhall.
bart. of a son.---In Thayer street, Man Died.) In Great Marlborough-street,
.chester-square, the Countess of Lusi, of a Caroline Louisa Mary Ann Thornton,
son and heir.---At the Palace, Lambeth, the youngest daughter of W. Thornton, esq.
Hon. Mrs. Hugh Percy, of a daughter.--- In Mecklenburgh-square, Amy, the wite
In Portman-square, the Countess of Mag- of George Garland, esq. of Poole, Dorsei-
vers, of a daughter.--- In Keppel-street. shire.--At his lodgings, in Belvidere-place,
Russel-square, the lady of Col. Aspinwall, Constantine Jennings, esq.-In Berners-
of a son.---The lady of Francis James street, Sir Thomas Berners Plestow, knt. of
Adam, esq. of a son.-- In Gower-street, the Wallington-ball, Norfolk, 71.-The Rev.
lady of the Rev. G. Griffin, Stone-street, of Houlton Hartwell, vicar of Loders and
a son and heir.---The Viscountess Duncan Bradpoley, Dorset.--The Rev. C. G. Cot-
non, of a daughter.--- In John-street, Bed. terell, rector of Hadley, 80.--Mrs. Phillips,
ford-row, Mrs. Thomas Styan, of a son.--- widow of the late Capt. Phillips, of Wands-
In Cavendish-square, the lady of Admiral worth, Surrey, -- At Islingion, Thomas
J. E. Douglass, of a daughter.---The lady Hodgson, esq. 90.-Sir Henry Harper
of B. Travers, esq. New Broad-street, of a Crewe. --Samuel Arbouin, esg. of Cumber-
son.---Io Portland-place, the lady of Henry land-street, New-road, 71.-In Upper Guild-
Bonham, esq. of a daughter.---In Picca- ford-street, William Devon, esq. 85.-
dilly, Sarah, wife of the Rev. Edward Vin- In Bruton-street, Berkley-square, Mrs. Ann
cent, of a son.
Burland, relict of the late J. Burland, esq.
• Married.) At Mary-le-bone New Church, of Stock-house, Dorset.-In Bouverie-street,
Thomas, eldest son of Wm. Evans, esq. of Mr. George Bousfield, 47.-In Sherbourn-
Wimborne, to Margaret, only daughter of lane, Mr. William Beaumont, 67. - In
Wm, Harris, esq. of Norton-street.---At St. Hamilton-place, the infant son of her Grace,
George's Hanover-square, Wm. Franks, the Dachess of Bedford.-In Lower Sey-
esq. of Woodside, Herts. to Caroline, mour-street, Sophia, wife of Lieut. Col.
daughter of the late Christopher Fower, esq. Shedden, of the Elms, near Lymington.-
of Weald-hall, Essex.--- At St. Margaret's, In Cavendish-square, the Rev. William
Westminster, Thomas Broadwood, esq. to Browne, 81.-Sir Robert Macreth, kot. of
Amie Augusta, eldest daughier of Alexander Ewhurst, Southampton, 91.-1n Portland-
Mundell, esq. of Parliament-street.---At St. place, Hammersmith, D. Cooper, esq.-In
Luke's, Chelsea, the Rev Charles Norman, Somerset-street, Portman-square, Thomas
of Maningtree, to H. H. Seringa, daughter Cowper Hinks, esq. 62.-In Hereford-
of the late Lieut. Col. Norris.---Barrington street, Lady Ellenborough, 27.-At Totten-
Tristram, esq. to Helen, widow of Henry ham, J. Budgen, esg. 79.--At Hanwell, the
Fawcett, esq. late M. P. for Carlisle.--- At Rev. Herbert Randolph, B. D.--Thomas
St. George's, Hanover-square, J. Astley Holland, esq. of Fleet-street.---In Guildford-
Warre, esq. to Susan Cornwall, of Gros- street, Mrs. Gillespie, wife of Lieut. Col.
venor-place.---William Clowes, esq. of the Gillespie.---Samuel John Wormald, R. N.
Middle Temple, to Ann, eldest daughter of At his house, Alpha-road, Regent's Park,
John Leigh, esq. of Bedford-square.---At John Whitehead, esq. 51.--In Portand-
Kensington, the Rev. Benj. Puckle, of place, Lieut. Gen. Charles Morgan, 77,
Clapham, Surrey, to Elizabeth, tenth daugh.


1819.)
( 281 )
PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES.
IN THE COUNTIES OF ENGLAND, ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY.
60.
BERKSHIRE.
The establishment is expected to be of great
The Roman coins discovered near Walling- advantage to the county; as the colours
ford, were within a quarter of a mile of the no
er of a mile of the now used in Cornwall are procured, at
Roman Road called Ickuild Way; also
a considerable expense, from London and
about the same distance from a large dyke,
Bristol. The great variety of materials
or foose, called Lere Grims Ditch, which which the county affords, for making
is supposed to form one of the ancient colours, has induced the proprietors to
divisions of the country; the road and dyke
ha
es
establish this manufactory.
cross each other here; and in one of the
Birth.) At Helston, Mrs. Wm. Andrews,
angles thus formed, there is an inclosure of
of a son.
seven or eight acres, surrounded by banks,
Married.] At St. Austell, Capt. James
much inferior indeed to the other dyke,
Phillips, jun. to Miss Mary Medland, of
but still more considerable than would be
that place.
requisite for any common purposes consider-
Died.) At St. Columb, Miss Kitty Ben-
ing its local situation. This may have been
net, 36.- At Penzance, John Harrington,
a camp station, or lodgment of some of the esq. son of the late Dr. Harrington, of Bath.
ancient inhabitants of the country. The
principal entrance to it is in the centre,
CHESHIRE.
immediately on the Roman Road. It is Schools on Bucklry Mountain. We
at present overrun with bushes and some time ago inserted the namcs of the
furze, and does not bear the least traces of principal subscribers to a new church, in
its ever being cultivated. The diligent an-
this district; and we have now the pleasure
tiquarian might amuse himself in this in- to add, that a Curate's dwelling-house, with
teresting neighbourhood. The west end of every accommodo
every accommodation for the immediate
the large dyke ends at, or near, the Thames,
occupation of a clergyman and his family,
and forms the north boundary of the
has been erected on Buckley Mountain.
Bishop of Durham's delightful premises.
Two excellent rooms, each calculated for
Married.) At Newbury, Mr. John Green,
the reception of 150 children, are finished,
to Miss Maria Willis.
and on the 1st of January of the present
Died.) At Abingdon, Mrs. W. Budworth. year, that for girls was opened. The sum
relict of the late Rev. Philip Budsworth, expended upon these premises far exceeds
76.-At Shellingford, Elizabeth, wife of
12001. A statement is therefore submitted
Wm. Mills. --Mrs. Davenport, of East
Fast with confidence to the public, as the re-
Challow.-J. Benson, esq. of Rye Farm,
maining sum in hand will hardly pay for
the foundation of the Church, which will
Abingdon.
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
form such a principal feature in the moral
improvement and civilization of this exten-
During this winter, as some labourers give, and hitherto inaccessible distric
sive, and hitherto inaccessible district. The
were digging gravel near the town of Ayles following additional subscriptions have been
bury, on the road leading to Buckingham, received :-Hon. Lady Glynne, Hawarden
they discovered about 258 human skeletons, Castle, second donation, 1001.; Miss Meta
and twenty skulls only; they appear to be
calfe, Hill-street, 51.; Miss N. Metcalfe,
calle Hill Street ,
all males, and full grown. No historical or Hill-street, 51.; Miss - Metcalfe, Hill-
even traditional account exists as to when
street, 51.; Rev. H. Hodgkinson, second
they were deposited there. Lord Nugent donation, 31. ; Mrs. Mary Ashley, Epsom,
has collected the bones together, and in 51, 58.; L. H. Petit, esq. 101. 109., Robert
tends erecting a tablet over them.
Powell, esq. Norton-street, ll. ; Rev. Dr.
Prosser, 5). 58. ; Rev. Archdeacon Cam-
A beautiful pair of antlers, attached to the bridge, 5). 58.---Chester Chronicle.
upper part of the skull, with the teeth per- Birth.] At Penley Hall, the Lady of T.
fect in their sockets, was taken up a few Tarleton, esq. jun. of a son.
days ago, in a bed of shingles, twenty-two Married.] Al Mobberley, the Rev. P. Van-
feet below the surface of the earth, in net, of Knutsford, to Dorothea Goodbur,
cutting the new canal to join the Eau Brink, of the same place.-Charles Roberts, esq. of
in this county.
Camberwell, to Frances Rosalie, of Cheadle.
Married.j' William Faskin, esq. to Jane, -Mr. Serjeant Copley, Chief Justice of
youngest daughter of Thomas Jones, esq. Chester, to Mrs. Thomas, widow of the
of Sawston.
late Lieut. Col. Thomas.-Mr. Wright, of
Died.) Mr. John Boyce, jun. of Outwell, Holt-hall. to Miss Goo
Holt-hall, to Miss Goodmere, of Tranmere.
-At Trinity College, Cambridge, Tho Died.] At Melton Hill, James Shaw
mas Blundell, B. A.
Williamson, esq. 35. - Esther, sister of
CORNWALL.
George Palfreyman, esq. of Crag-hall, near
A manufactory for fine and coarse colours, Macclesfield, 51.-Charles Chivere, gent.
both dry and ground in oil, is nearly oom- Frodsham-street, Ghester, 70.--at Nant-
pleted at Penryn, on an extensive scale. wich, Anthony Clarkson, A. M. 71.
NEW MONTHLY MAG-No. 63,
Vou, XI. 20
CAMBRIDGESHIRE.


282
[April-1,
Cumberland - Derby-Devon-Durham-Dorset, fc.
CUMBERLAND,
of Milton Lodge, near Londonderry, Ireland,
Died.] At Queen's Elms, Brampton, to Elizabeth, second daughter of A. Ham-
Mr. Sydenham Tate Edwards, F.L.S.-J. mond, esq. of Hutton Bonville.-- At Dur-
Oliphant, esq, of Stonefield, 79.-The Rev. ham, Lieut. P. Bowlby, to Miss Hazlewood.
Mr. Ilare, of Hayton, 66.-In George-street, Died.] John James, esq. 80.-At Stain-
Whitehaven, Capt. Hodgson. - At Esk drop, Mr A. Bazin, 94.--At Camperdown,
Meals, near Ravenglass, T. Falcon, esq. near Chester-le-street, Margaret Whitelock,
Married.] At Greystoke, the Rev. Mr. 97; and at Lumley, in the same parish,
Ormady, to Miss Wilkinson, of Penrith - Elcanor Turner, 100.-At Darlington, Mr.
At Bartón, near Penrith, J. Wallace, esq. Meggeson, 27.
to Miss Fletcher, of Low Leys, near Cocker-
DORSETSHIRE.
mouth.--At Ambleside Mr. M. Mayson to Married.] Al Shapwick, Mr. J. Evans,
Miss Green, daughter of the celebrated ar- to Miss Joyce of that place.
tist of that place.--At Grasmere, Mr. M. Died.] At his seat, Charborough Park,
Strickland, to Miss Jane Nelson; their unit. R. E. D. Grosvenor, esq.--At Charminster,
ed ages did not amount to 37.
J. Wright, esg. At Weymouth, F. W.
DERBYSITRE.
Shuyler, esq. of Woolland House.-Mrs.
Died.] At Fair Blolme, near Ilope, E. Bullen, wile of S. Bullen, esq. of Char-
Sarah, relict of Mr. D. Rose, 105.-At mouth.
Green House, Darley Dale, D. Dakeyne,
Essex.
gent. 86.-At Wirksworth, A. Goodwin, esq. The subscribers to the projected Col-
68.
chester and Essex Infirmary, have resolved
DEVONSHIRE.
to erect that edifice on the road towards
The Devon and Exeter Savings Bank Lexden, the exterior to be of brick, and the
presents the most happy progress. The whole to be erected in a plain and substan-
amount invested in Government debentures tial manner, under the direction of an emi-
is 91,6001.
nent architect.
Births.] The lady of the Rev. Thomas Births.) At Copped Hall, Mrs H. Con-
Atkinson, of Beaufort-place, Exeter, of a yers, of a daughter.
· daughter.
Married.] Capt. C. Sotheby, R.N. of
Married.] At Henninton, Capt. Garrett, Sewardstone, to the Hon. Miss J. Hamilton,
R. N. to Catherine, daughter of the late third daughter of the late Lord Belhaven
S. Price, of New House. Glamorganshire... and Stenton.-The Rev W. Goodday, A.M.
James Gould, esq. of Plymouth, to Miss Vicar of Terling, to Miss Mary Algar, of
Barnwell, of Exmouth.-At Rockbear, near that place.
Exeter, Lieut.-Col. Evans, to Anne, eldest Died.] Lieut. S. B. Coppin, of the West
daughter of the late W. Sloane, esu. of To Militia.At Bloomfield, Mr. J. Blakcy. 92.
bago.-At St. Mary Major's Church, Exe- -W. Canning, esq. of Quendon.-At Brent-
ter, the Rev. J. L. Knight, to Jessy, eldest wood, Mrs. E. Holbrook, 74.-At Broom-
daughter of Mr. J. Watson, of Exeter.- field, the infant son of Capt, Wright.-At
At Plymouth, C. Lowder, esg. of Bath, to Borley, the Rev. W. Herringham, 62.
Susan, eldest daughter of R. Fuge, esq. of
GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
Plymouth, At Abotsham, near Bideford, New Charches. The eyes of the public
- W. S. Willet, esq. of Porthill, to Christiana are gradually opening to the necessity of
Adalaide, eldest daughter of H. Nantes, esq. providing places of public worship in the
of Kenwith Lodge.--At Lympstone, Lieut. increased and increasing population. A sub-
G. E. Powell, R.N. of Great Connell, Ire- scription for rebuilding the parish church
land, to Charlotte Kingdon, of Exeter.
of Pitcombe, on an enlarged seale, is nearly
Died.) At Marley House, W. Palk, esq. completed. This village will form an in-
77.---AtCulmstock, the Rev. H.C. Manley, teresting object to the traveller, when the
L.L.B. of Bradford.--Conolly, youngest son new road from Gloucester to Stroud has
of T. Norman, esq. of Exmouth.--At More- opened it to his view. It is singularly cir-
sonhampstead, the Rev. J. Isaacs, 65.-S. cumstanced; the parish itself being very
Walkey, esq. of East Budleigh, 73.--T. small, but several other parishes contribut-
Cleather, esq. of Plymouth, 67.-- At Bouden, ing nearly one-half to the actual population
Sophia, wife of Col. Adams.--At Barley of the village. The body of this projected
House, near Exeter, Mrs. E. Graves, 71.- church will be free, and sufficiently large to
S. Willey of St. Sidwell's, Exeter, 101.- receive all who can be reasonably expected
At Exeter, Miss Ann Dacie.
to attend it.
DURHAM.
Births.] The lady of C. Mathia, esq. of
The Hon. and Right Rev. the Bishop of Paradise House, near Painswick, of a son.-
Durham has entered on the 50th year of The lady of R. Jenkins esq. of Charlton
his Episcopate, on which occasion a con- Hill, of a son.-At Porkington, the lady
gratulatory address has been presented to of W. 0. Gore, esq. of a son. At the Royal
his Lordship by the clergy of the diocese. Fort Bristol, the lady of T. Tyndall, esq.
Births.] 'At Wickham Rectory, the Hon. of a daughter.-At Ebley, the lady of E.
Mrs. C. E. Grey of a daughter.
Davies, esq. of a daughter.
Alarried.) At Durham, R. Bateson, esq. Married.] At Charlton, T. Phillipps


1819.) Hants --Hereford-Herts-Huntingdon--Kent-Lancashire. 283
esq. to Harriot, third daughter of Major- Farm, the Hon. Mrs. Colvile, of a son.-At
Gen. Molyneux.-At Gloucester, J. W. Tunbridge wells, the Marchioness of Ely, of
Walters, esq. of Barnwood House, to Sarah, a daughter.-The Lady of E. Taylor, esg.
eldest daughter of the Rev. H. C. Adams, of of Bitrons, of a daughter.
PainswickAt Prees, J. Overton, esq. of Married.] At Leybourn, P. H. Parsong,
Cheshire, to Miss Overton, daughter of Mr. esq., of West Malling, to Miss E. Sharpe,
Overton, of Corra, near Whitchurch. of Leybourn Parsonage.- Robert Richie.
Died. At his house in Clifton, Bristol, esq., of Greenwich, to Charlotte, second
Sir Joseph Ratcliffe, bart. 75.- At Stout's daughter of Major Benwell.--At Edenbridge,
Hill, Mary, wife of the Rev. W. L. Baker. A. Marshall, esq., to Mary, second daughter
HANTS.
of the late J. Alexander, esq.--At Dover, A.
Births.1 At Shaldon, the lady of Col. Matson, esq. to MaryFrances, eldest daugh-
Johnson, of a still-born child.--At South- ter of the late James Tector, esq.--At St.
ampton, the lady of Capt. Peter Rainer R.N. Dunstan's, Canterbury, Mr. John Mason,
C.B. of a daughter.
to Miss Lucy Cook.–At Plaxtol, J. L. Reyn-
Married.] T. Nicholls, esq of Burton Olds, esq. of London, to Hannah, daughter
Dorset, to Mary Davis, of Winterborne of J. Simpson, esq. of Fair Lawn.-W. Sal-
Abbas.
tren Willet, esq. to Christina Adelaide, of
Died.] At Winchester, Capt. Barr, Kenwith Lodge. — T. H. Pleyer, esq. of
23d. regt. in consequence of severe wounds Greenwich, to Miss R. Rayley, of the same
received at Waterloo.
place.
HEREFORDSHIRE.
Died.] The Rev. G. Gregory, Curate of
A legacy of 2001. was bequeathed to the Burham, 35--R. E. D. Grosvenor, esa. M.
Hereford Infirmary, by the late Lowbridge P. for New Romney.-- At Brompton, A. Up-
Bright, esq. of Bristol
cher, esq. of Sherringham, Norfolk.-- At
Married.] Capt. H. G. Jackson, Royal Lord Thanet's seat, the Countess of Thanet.
Artillery, to Catherine, eldest daughter of — At Canterbury, Elizabeth, wife of Capt.
the late Walter Cecil, esq. of Morton Jef- G. Hilton, R. N., 26.-At Broadstairs, w.
fris.
Potter, esq. 22.-At Folkestone, Mr. Wm.
Died.] Mrs Mary Badham, of Lugwar. Ledger, 67.---The Rev. R. T.C. Pattenson,
dine, near Hereford, 92.--At Ledbury, J. rector of Milsted.-At North Frith, Dear
Jarvis, esq. - At Sutton's Marsh, Mr. R. Tunbridge, C. Idle, esq. 48.–At Tenterden,
Phillips, 77.
J. Curtois, esq. 81.
HERTPORDSHIRE.
LANCASHIRE.
Sacrilege.-On Friday night, or early on The disputes between the chal proprietors
Saturday morning, the parish church of and their workmen at St. Helen's, near Li-
Watford, Herts, was broken open by means verpool, are at an end.
of iron crows, in expectation, no doubt, of One hundred new cotton spinning manu-
finding the valuable communion plate. The factories are erecting at Manchester and its
villains were disappointed, as the plate is not vicinity.
kept in the church. In revenge for the dis- Birih.) At Blakeley, Mrs. Hulton, wife
appointment, they did all the mischief they of J. Hulton, esq. of a son and heir.
could, by calling and destroying the bibles, Married.). At Liverpool, S. Solomon,
prayer-books, &c. the velvet coverings to esq. M. D., to Miss Machinney.-R. Chaw-
the pulpits, desks, pews, &c. particularly the ner esq., of Melburn, Derbyshire, to E. Fela
pew belonging to the Earl of Essex.
ton Edgley, of Manchester.-T. Stamp, esq.
Died. At St Alban's, J. Reid, esq-Mr.
R. N., to Miss E. M. Maude, of Kendal.--
R. N., to Miss E. M. Mande of ke
W. Bowden, 45-At St. John's Lodge, Sir At Lancaster, A. Thornborrow, esq., to Ca-
Cornelius Cuyler, Bart.
tharine, second daughter of A. Crompton,
HUNTINGDONSHIRE.
esq. of Lune villa.--M. Fletcher, esq., af
Died.] At Kimbolton, Elizabeth, wife of Crompton Fold, to Anne Manee, of Liver-
R. Tidswell esq. 62.
pool.- At Manchester, T. Patterson, resq. O
KENT,
Rotterdam, to Martha Satterfield, of Man-
At a meeting held on the 11th inst, of the chester. --At St. Anne's, Liverpool, Capt J.
minister, parishioners, and some of the out 0. Head, to Catherine Browne.---At Man-
dwellers of the borough of Hoa:h, Kent, to chester, Mr. C. Currie, to Miss Cook.--A.
consider of the best means of relieving the Liverpool, Mr. Alderson, to Miss Robinson.
condition of the labouring poor of the said Died. At Ashton Hall, the Duke of Ha-
borough, and thereby lessening the poor's milton, 80-At Pendleton, W. Leaf, esq.--
rates, it was unanimously resolved to accom- Miss S. Kenworthy, daughter of the late Reve
modate them with small allotments of land, J. Kenworthy, of Stayley Bridge.--R. J.
proportioned to their respective wants and Sivewright, esq. of Liverpool.-J. Baldwin,
industry, at a low rent, and exempt from esq. 57.--At Springtield, near prescot, 1,
tilhes and parochial assessments, and that Coiham, esq., of Hardshaw Hall, 29.-T.
the said resolution should be carried into Tattersal esy., of Everton, Liverpool.-J.
immediate effect.
Baldwin, esy, an alderman of Lancaster,
Births.] The lady of Robert Sackett At Manchester, Mr. J. Adams, accountant.
Tomlin, esq , Thanet, of a son. At Langley 29.-At Liverpool, Mrs. Shuttleworth.-A.


284
Lincoln - Leicester-Norfolk-Northampton-Notts, g c. [April 1,
Bolton-le-Moors, J. Bolling ésq.At Man.
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.
chester, Mr. J. Greenshaw, Professor of It is asserted in the Northampton Jour.
Musick. --Mr. W. Osbaldeston. - Mr. S. pal, that the Gentlemen Agriculturists and
Garnett, 42,-At Woresley, Mr. J. Varey, Farmers of that County, are hostile to the
69.-At Nantwich, the Rev. A Clarkson, Agriculture Petition.
M. A., Chaplain to the Duke of Leeds. Married.) At All Saint's Church, North-
At Manchester, Mr. Faulkner, dentist. At ampton, Captain Wm. Richards, R. N. to
Clithero, Mrs. Annë Smith, 46.--At Pun. Sarah Constable, of that place : and John
hole, near Bury, Mr. J. Openshaw, 57.At Ellis, esy. of Pwllhell, Carnarvonshire, to
Green Hill, S. Jones, esq. 74. At Denton, Ann Constable, sister to the above.-J.
Mr. T. Creswell, 24. At Daig Hulme hall, Cooke, esq. of Peterborough, to Miss
H Norris, esq. 83.
squire.
LINCOLNSHIRE.
Died.) Isabella, the wife of Wm. Lucas,
· Births.) At Barrowby, near Grantham, esq. of Hollowell. -At Thrapston, John
the lady of M. Ashwell, esq. of a daughter. Benson, esq. of Rye Farm, Abingdon, 30.-
Married.) At Owston, Capt. W, Alli- Mr. Frances Geary, of Hartwell Park, 102.
son, of West Stockwith, to Miss S. Helsey, -At Keslingbury, Mrs. Facer, 61.-At
of Gunthorpe.-At Averham, the Rev. H. Northampton, Mrs. Balaam.
Houson, jun. to Frances Anne, eldest daugh-
NORTHUMBERLAND.
ter of the Rev. R. Chaplin.-At Great Lim- Married.) At St. Nicholas's, Newcastle,
ber, C. Morris, esq. of Croxton, to Isabella Henry Richardson, esg. of Stepney, Middle-
Colquhoun, of Barton-upon-Humber. sex, to Margaret, youngest daughter of
Died.) Capt. Lloyd, R.N. of Fancourt, Wm. Cotes.
near Louth.-At North Helsey, near Caisé : Died.) At Newcastle, Margaret Purvis,
tor, the Rev. R. Bingham.-At Gainsburgh, 100.-Ai Longhorsley, Mrs. Mary White,
Mr M. Thompson, 59
102.- At Newcastle, Margaret, widow of
LEICESTERSHIRE.
Mr. Wm. Carr, 96.-At Alnwick, Major
The Leicester Journal gays, on Sunday Hardy, 53.
last, Wall, Callis, and Widowson, three per-
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.
sons of Loughborough, returned from Ame- Birth.] At Fountain Dale, the lady of
rica to their native place. About six months General Need, of a son.
ago they, with several others, were induced Married.] At Lenton, the Rev. James
to visit that “land of liberty and plenty,” in Bagge, M. A. to Catherine Anne Evans, of
the hopes of bettering their condition, but Lepton Grove.- At Lincoln, Mr. Dutty, to
were miserably disappointed. They were Miss Sykes.-At Lincoln, Mr. Martin, to
in the neighbourhood of Baltimore, where Miss Pepper.
they were employed in working upon the Died.j' At Overton, Broughton, Mrs.
roads ; and bad as was their situation, many Elizabeth Severn, widow of the Rev. Wm.
others of their countrymen were much worse Severn, late of Hull, 64.-Mrs, Crisp, of
off. There was nothing but paper cur- Lister Gate, Nottingham, 99.- Wm. Tur-
Tency in circulation, and that as low as 24d.; ner, esq. of Kneenton, 64.-At Burgate
they represent the country as swarming with House, John Leacroft, esq. of Southwell,75.
thieves, and were repeatedly in danger of At Nottingham, Wm. Bilbie, gent.
losing what little they had. These may be
OXFORDSHIRE.
considered as home proofs, and we hope will Married.) Capt. J. Thompson, to Ann
have the desired effect.
Ellen, daughter of J. Newman, esq. of Fin-
Married.] At Leicester, the Rev. G. mere House.
Peak, to Matilda King, of that place.--At D ied.) At Holmwood, near Henley, Wm.
Goudly, Mr. S. Draper, to Miss M. Gill; Kerr, esq. eldest son of Lord Mark Kerr,
also Mr. R. Butler, to Miss A. Pearson. 17.--At Clifton, Sir Thos. Radcliffe, bart. of
· Died.) At Rothley, the Rev. A. Macau- Milnsbridge House, West Riding of York-
lay. W. Percival, gent. of Cold Newton. shire, 75.-At his lodgings, in Baliol Col-
W. Harris, gent. of Great Wigston, 52. lege, Oxford, the Right Rev. John Parsons,
NORFOLK.
D.D. 58.--At Witney, Mrs. Jane Etwall, re-
Births.) Elizabeth, the wife of R.Wells, lict of the late Rev. Wm. Etwall, 77.
of Gressenhall, of four living children, three
RUTLANDSHIRE.
boys and one girl.
Died.] The Rev. Henry Finch, vicar of
Married.] The Rev. C. D. Williams, to Burley, near Oakham.
Margarette Anne, daughter of the late Rev.
SHIROPSHIRE.
Dr. Lukin, dean of Wells.--At Cley, Chas. Birth.] At Acton Burnell, the lady of Sir
Buck, esq. R. N. to Miss Lucy Ellis, of the Edward J. Smyth, bart. of a son.
same place.-At Lynn, Mr. James Lear- Married.] At Whittington, Mr. Robert
mouth, to Miss Eliz. Harvey.
Bowen, 19, to Mrs. Ruth Morris, 85.
Died.] Mr. Thos. Goodings, of Lammas, Died. At Laton Hall, Sir Robert Leigh-
100.-At Yarmouth, Capt. Randall Barrett, ton, hart.-Mary, wife of Lawton Parry,
84.--At Yarmouth, John Dunlop, esq.-At esq.of Glan-ya-afon, near Oswestry--Rev.
Norwich, Mary, relict of the late Dr. John Robert Smynth, minister of Wolstaston and
Murray, 89.
Smethcott. Edward Lloyd, of the Runis,


1819.)
285
Somerset.- Stafford.--Suffolk--Surrey--Sussex-Worcester.
Llanvairwaterdine. - Mr. Wilson, of the the Rev. Benjamin Philpot ---At Borley, the
wood, dear Drayton, 97,-John Milner, Rev. Wm. Herringham, 62.---At Gisling-
esq. of Eardington, near Bridgenorth.-Atham, Frances Sparrow Reeve, relict of Ř
Frankton, John Burlton, esq.
Reeve, esq. 88.-At Ipswich, Emerson
SOMERSETSHIRE.
Cromwell, esq., having survived Mrs, C.
Births.] At Bath, the lady of J. A. Neil- only twelve days, 87.---Joseph Hardcastles
son, esq. of a daughter ; and the lady of T. esq. of Hatcham House, New Cross. At
Hayes, esq. of a son.-- In Queen-square, Cockfield, Mrs. Langham, 90.---At Fram-
Bath, the lady of Arthur Weston, eso. of a lingham, Mary Ann, wife of John Shafto,
son.-The lady of John Thompson, esg. of esq. 41.--At Foley-house, Charles Watt,
Lansdown-place, Bath, of a daughter. esq. 45.
Married.] J. B. Estlin, esq. of Bristol, to
SORREY.
Margaret. second danghter of Robert Bag. Surrey Sessions. In consequence of the
shot, esq. of Langport.-Andrew Armstrong, increasing number of cases for decision at
esq. to Susan, only daughter of Mr. Henry these sessions, which are now held quarterly,
Hooper, of Montague Parade, Bristol. the Magistrates have come to a determina-
J. W. Morgan, esq. of Glasbury, Radnor- tion of holding them at the same periods
shire, to Miss Joannah Williams, of Bath. those for the county of Middlesex; namely,
Died.] The Rev. Joha Yeatman, M. A. eight instead of four times a year. This
rector of Stock Gaylard, 66.-At Bradford, measure has been forced upon them by the
the Rev. Mr. Manley.-At Sheplon Mallet, crowded state of the gaol in Horsemonger
Mrs. Mary Hole, 90.–At Fairwater House, lane, there being now nearly 400 prisoners
near Taunton, Sarah, widow of Rich. Clarks on charge of felonies, &c. The assizes for
son, esq.-Mrs. Lowell, wife of the Rev. the county will be holden at Kingston, on
Samuel Lowell, of Kingsdown, Bristol. Monday, the 29th inst.
At Wrington, Thos. Councill, esq. 61 --At B irths.] At Beaumont cottage, Chert-
Frome, Mrs. Mary Cannings, 99 --- At Bath, sey, the Lady of John H. Colt, esq. of a
the Rev. Houlton Hartwell, 37.--At Win- daughter.
canton, Mrs. Hawkins, wife of the Rev. G. Married.) At Croydon, W. Faskin, egg.
F. Hawkins.---At North Parade, J. Lam- to Jane, youngest daughter of T. Jones, eso.
bert, esq. 81.---A1 Bath, Edw. Everard, esq. of Sawston, Cambridgeshire.--- At Capel,
of Lyme Regis, Norfolk.--Samuel W.Stone, Mr. J.C. Ridgway, to Miss E. Ballinghall,
esq. of Taunton, 78.---At Bath, James daughter of the Rev. P. Beath, of Capel.---
Thompson, esq.of Aberdeen.---At Bath, the At St. Saviour's, Southwark, D. A. B.
Rev. John Manning Hazaland, LL.B. Haynes, esq..to Miss M. P. Kingum, of
STAPFORDSHIRE.
Essex.
Mr. Richard Hardy, of Draycot-in-the- Died.] At Croydon, Mrs. C. Chamber-
Clay, has an apple-iree in his orchard, layne, relict of the late Rev. T. Chamber-
which bore a plentiful crop of apples last layne..-Nicholas Vincent, esg. of St. Ca-
season, and in the autumn blossomed afresh, therine's Hill, near Guildford.---At Clap-
and has now on it full formed fruit from the ham, T. Margary, esq. 65.
late blossom. Mr. Hardy having preserved
SUSSEX.
some of the first crop, treats his friends Marlhorough House, formerly the resi-
with both.
dence of the late Duke of Marlborough, at
Birth.) At Blithfield House, the Right Brighton, and now the property of the
Hon. Lady Harriet Paget, of a daughter. Prince Regent, is shortly to be pulled down,
Married.) Mr. J. A. Attwood, youngest and on its scite a wing to correspond with
son of James Attwood, esg, of Congreve the royal pavillion is to be erected."
House, to Mary, youngest daughter of Ro An exhibition of apparatus for preserving
bert Edden, esq. of Lower Wick, near Wor lives from shipwreck, took place on Wednes-
cester.
day, at Brighton, and was found completely
Died.) Mr. John Dickenson, of Stafford, effective.-By it a shot with grapples, can be
coroner of this county.
thrown, almost to a certainty, across any ob-
SUPFOLK.
ject in the sea within 400 yards of the shore.
Married.] At St. Mary-at-hill, George Married.] At Slougham, the Rev. J.
Rogers, esg. of Manningtree, Essex, to Miss Hurlock, M. D., to Maria, youngest daugh-
Mary Roebuck, of the former place.---The ter of the Rev. R. Ellison, of Slougham.
Rev. C. Lawson, of Needham-market, to The Rev. W. Edelman, A. B. of Queen's
Mary Ann Clover, of Creeting.---Thos. B. College, Cambridge, to Miss Abigail Kemp,
Western, esq. of Tattington-place, to Mar- of Brighton.
garet Letitia Bushley, of Great Cumberland- Died.) At Cuckfield, H. Bowles, esq.
place.---At St. Helen's, Ipswich, Captain R. The lady of C. Strode, esg. of Frant Cottage.
Johnson, jun. to Miss Mary Ann Rudd, of At Chichester, Vice Admiral Sir G. Mur
Sheerness. --- At Thaxted, Samuel Smith ray, 60.
Ramsey, esq. Lieut. R. N. to Mrs. Anda
WORCESTERHIRE.
Pyne Alexandre.---Capt. Adam Alex. Wood, Births.] The lady of Dr. Malden, of
to E. E. Maria Beecher.
Worcester of a son. The lady of T. B.
Died.] At Sibton Park, Mary, wife of Cooper, esq. of a daughter. At the Deanery,


286
Warwickshire-Wilt-York-Wales. (April 1,
girls.
the lady of the Rev. Dean of Worcester, of a
YORKSHIRE.
Son.
The following is an extract of a letter from
Married.) The Rev. T. S. Biddulph, to a gentleman of great accuracy and impar-
Charlotte, youngest daughter of the late tiality of observation, who is engaged on an
Rev. J. Stillingfleet, prebendary of Worces extensive commercial tour through York
ter.
shire, and some other northern counties :
Died.) At Hanley, Ann Goodwin, and a "The complaints on the state of trade do
short time previous, her husband; they had not appear to me to have any just foundation,
lived together as man and wife about 60 I find the manufacturers every where at
years, and died at the patriarchal ages, of work. I do not hear of many goods on
99 the former, and 101 the latter.
hand. The prices of wool advance, and this
WARWICKSHIRE.
raw article is in great demand, which could
Notwithstanding the late revival of trade, not well be the case if there were no market
Birmingham has to support, at this moment, for it when wrought into cloth. The truth
no fewer than twenty-four thousand four seems to be that our dealers have for many
hundred and forty eight paupers !
years been accustomed to a trade so highly
The Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, prosperous, and to so rapid a demand for
as Dean of Durham, has transmitted to the their goods, that they cannot easily reconcile
Mayor of that city, 2001. to be distributed themselves to any thing like moderate busi-
amongst the poor, with large families, who ness. A friend on whom I called a few days
do not receive parochial relief. ,
ago, in the iron trade told me that he had
Birth. At Norton, near Warwick, the lately received orders for the machinery of
wife of R. Roberts, of three children, all 12 new mills: this does not look like a falling
off in trade, and yet complaints are occa-
Died.] John Richards, esq. of Olton, 70. sionally to be heard; though, as I before
WESTMORELAND.
observed, without any very obvious reason."
Died.] At Orton, Mrs. Elizabeth Bow There has been a general cessation of la-
man, 93.
bour lately upon the Sheffield end of the
WILTSHIRE.
intended turnpike road leading from thence
A few years back the farmers of Dauncey, to Glossop, and ultimately to Manchester,
in Wilts, let to the poor labourers of their in consequence of prices being demanded for
parish who had large families, three acres of land considerably exceeding the original es-
land, at iwo pounds per acre; and soon after- timate. It is now in contemplation to apply
wards the late Lord Peterborough gratuit- for Parliamentary aid to enabie the commis
ously built a barn for them, where they sioners to divert the road from the entrance
could thrash their corn; the consequence originally contemplated, and introduce it
was, that those men had their names imme- through Broad-lane.
diately struck off the parish book; have A monument is erected near Pontefract,
brought up their families to industry and ho- to commernorate that important erent ever
nesty, and all of them now cheerfully pay to memorable in British annals, the Victory of
the aged and infirm of the said parish their Waterloo ; which forms a pleasing object to
regular rates. The farmers declare that the the surrounding country.
parish have saved hundreds by this plan. Births.] The lady of E. H. Hebdend,
The gentlemen and farmers of Great Con esq. of Scarborough, of a son.---At Elmfield,
merford, in the same county, are now pursui- near Doncaster, the lady of the Rev. Henry
ing a similar pian, by letting the same num- Torre, of Sledmere, of a son.
ber of acres to the poor with Jarge families, Married.] At St. Mary's Church, Be-
and paying their taxes. Each farmer allows verly, T. Hutton, esq. Capt. in the 4th Dra-
according to the extent of his farm.
goon Guards, to Miss Sarah Gilby.---At
Births.] The lady of the Rev. T. Fox, Overton, near York, R. D. Ker, esq. of
of Fovant, of twins-At Farleigh, the lady of Greenock, to Augusta, youngest daughter,
the Rev. T. Heathcote of a daughter. At of the Rev. C. Buchannan, D.D.---R. W.
Wilton, the lady of John Seagrim, Jun., esq. Green, esq. of Dublin, to Elizabeth, third
Married.) At Devizes, John, second son dauchter of T. Wilson, esg, of York.
of W. Dyne, esq. of Lincoln's Inn Fields, to Died.] Mr. Peake, of Hull, 91.--At
Frances, youngest daughter of Mr. Fleicher, Scarborough, the Rev. J. Kyte, 65.---At
of Devizes.---At Nursling the Rev. C. D.
Brompton. Sarah, relictof the Rev. G. Wal-
Willaum, to Margaret Ann, daughter of the ker, F.R.S.---It Toleshy-hall, in Cleveland,
Rev. Dr. Lukin, Jate of Dean Wells.
T. Rudd, caq. 46. --The Rev Mr. Clough,
Died.] The Rev. E. Spencer, of Wink- of Morley.
field Rectory, near Bradford.At Leighton
WALES.
House, Jacintha, youngest daughter of T. It is related as a fact, that several thousand
H. Phillips, esq. of th at place.-At Bishop- acres of waste land, which have been en-
strow, Mary, widow of the late Col. G. Mar- closed at a great expense within the last
tin.-- The Rev. H.C. Manley, vicar of Brad- four years in the coun'y of Montgomery,
ford.--At Moira-place, Salisbury, William have been allowed to hicome open again;
Smith, esq. 86.
The fences torn down, and posts and rails


1819.]
Scotland.
287
destroyed, most probably burnt. Similar struck the father and one of his sons, both
circumstances have also taken place else- of whom instantly expired; another child
where; the above can have happened from received so severe a shock that he lost an
· no other possible cause than a grand error eye, and the rest of the family suffered very
. at the outset, of attempting the culture of materially, though not dangerously Happily
land too poor for arable purposes, in course there is no account of any other destructive
not returning even the expense of culture. effects of the storm. The father's name
Formerly, indeed, the labourers had a pre- was Hugh Thomas, for many years Surveyor
judice against the culture of wastes; but of the county bridges,
that has long since nearly ceased, excepting Birth.) At Holywell, the lady of Gen.
when their interest in the new inclosures is Birch Reynardson, of a son.
neglected, which Mr. Young and the best Married.) At Llavrhaiadr, the Rey, J.
, informed writers allow is too generally the Jones, to Miss Norris, niece of Richard
case.
Wilding, esq. of Llawrhaiadr Hall, near
Potter's Clay.--Near the Hulk in Hills, Denbigh.
in Flintshire, and within four miles of the Died.] Jane, the wife of Matthew Bayley,
sea, some miners discovered, about two esq.-Mrs. Mary Thomas, of Swansea, 102.
• years ago, a vast bed, of a substance said to -- Richard Jenkins, esq. of Gwainkeel, near
- be adapted for the manufacturing of earthen Bridgend.- John Jones, esq. of Summer
- ware without the addition of any other ma- Hill, near Wrexham.--The Rev. Lloyd
- terial. It lies immediately under a stiff red Jones, of Ruabon, Denbighshire, 58,--At
clay, and coals abound in the neighbour- Abergaveny, J. Morgan, esq.At Wrex-
hood. The miners and Mr. Bishop, of ham, Mr. Shepherd, 67.
Stafford, have taken a lease of the ground
SCOTLAND.
from the proprietor, Lord Grosvenor. A Death of the Esquimaur..On the 14th.
specimen of the substance has been brought inst. died, at Edinburgh, John Sackehouse,
• to London, but has not yet been analyzed. aged 22, a native of the west coast of Green-
Near the same place also has been found a land. The Esquimaux has occupied a con-
hollow siliceous rock, abounding in orga- siderable share of the public attention, and
nic impressions, which has been supposed his loss will be generally felt. He had alrea-
likely to become a substitute for burrstone, dy rendered important services to tho coun-
but it appears to be too brittle for this pur- try in the late Expedition of Discovery, and
pose.
great expectations were naturally formed of
A poor man, a stranger, was last week the utility which he would prove on the ex-
most furiously attacked by a boar, on the pedition about to sail for Baffin's Bay. The
Lanstephen road, near Green Castle, Car- Admiralty, with great liberality and judg-
marthenshire, and dreadfully wounded. It ment, had directed the greatest pains to be
i is said that having struck the boar, the taken in his further education, and he had
• enraged animal turned upon him and fol- been several months in Edinburgh with this
· lowed him into the field, in which he had view, when he was seized with a violent in-
sought refuse, threw him down, lacerated fiammation in the chest, which carried him
his arm and leg in a shocking manner; and off in a few days. He was extremely docile,
would, no doubt, have killed him on the and though rather slow in the attainment of
spot, had not a gentleman's servant, who knowledge, he was industrious, zealous,
was fortunately passing at the time, rescued and cheerful, and always grateful for the
him from his perilous situation. This poor kindness and attention shewn to him. His
man was taken into Green Castle House, amiable disposition and simple manners had
where he was treated with great humanity; interested those who had opportunities of
surgical assistance was procured for him, knowing him personally in a way that will
and we are happy to state, he is now doing not soon be forgotten, To the public his
well. We cannot but regret, that a penalty loss, te fear, is irreparable to his friends
does not attach to the owners of hoars who it is doubly severe. Just before his death,
* suffer them to retain the formidable weapons the poor Esquimaux said he knew he was
of offence with which they are armed, and going to die; that his father and mother
with which such frequent injury is inflicted, had died in the same way; and that his sis-
as well on human beings, as on brute ani- ter, who was the last of all his relations, had
mals.
just appeared to him, and called him away!
Auf ul effects of a thunder storm.-The Births.) At Aberden, Mrs. Barclay, of
• villiage of Trawsfynydd, in the county of a daughter.--- At Monteith, the Lady of Sir
Merioneth, was lately visited by a tre- W. Maxwell, bart. of a son.---At Edinburgh,
mendous heavy thunder storm. The peals the lady of C. H Basely, esq. of a son....
were terribly loud and frequent, and the The Lady of Sir R. Dick, bart. of Preston-
· lightning extremely vivid. Shortly after field, of a son---At Leigh Fort, the lady of
the commencement of the storm, the electric Lieut.-Col Walker, of a daughter.---At Crai.
fluid, entering the chimney of a cottage in livg Ilouse, the lady of James Paton, esq. of
the village, where the whole of the family, a son.---At Birkenbog,the lady of R.Marquis,
consisting of five, sat by the fire-side, esq. of a son.


288
Ireland.
(April 1.
Married. At Edinburgh, W. second timated at 12001. Several engines arrived
son of the Hon. M. Fortescue, to Isabel B. but too late to save the chapel.
Christie, of Duric, Fifeshire.-At Car- Births.) At Monasterevan, the lady of
donald, M. Mc Culloch, esq. of Bulgray, to the Rev. C. Moore, of a daughter.-At
Miss Elizabeth Newham.--At Drumsheugh Dublin, the Countess of Longford, of a son.
House, G. Forbes, esq. to Mary, eldest -At Hollymount House, Mayo, the lady of
daughter of Sir John Hay, bart.--At Annan, Thomas Spencer Lindsey, esq. of a daugh-
James Ferguson, esq. io Margaret Lowther, ter. -At Rochelle, near Cork, the lady of
of that place.- Atkilgruston, Capt. Lindsay, William Charles Calow, esq. of a son.
of Balcarras, to Miss Ann Grant, of the for- Married.] The Rev. Wm. Cleaver, eldest
mer place.--At Leith, Capt. Robert Muckle, son of the Archbishop of Dublin, to Mary,
to Elizabeth Campbell, of Leith. At the second daughter of Sir Digby Mackworth,
Mance of Carnock, the Rev. Peter Cosens, bart.-At Rathdowney, Queen's County,
to Catherine, only daughter of the Rev. A. Capt. Rankin, to Sarah Elizabeth, only
Thomson, of that place.-At Glendonon, J. daughter of the Rev. Marcus Monk, Chap
M. Mackenbie, esq. to M. Clarke.
lain to his Royal Highness the Prince Re-
Died.] At Edinburgh, Mrs. M. Rov- gent, e-Richard Smyth Condon, esc. of
land, widow of F. Rowland, esq. late a Cap- Kilscannel-house, County of Limerick, to
tain in the 84th regt. of Foot, 41.-W. Mary, second daughter of Major L. Sana
Lindley, esq. of Doncaster, 80.The Rev. ders, of Kilcarron, Queen's County.-Max-
Robert Robertson, of Ednam.---At Westwell Percy, esq. of Crawduff, Dear Down-
Linton, Alexander Daziel, esq.--At Dundee, patrick, to Susannah, youngest daughter of
Col. J. Crow ---At Riccarton, James Hay, Mr. John M. Bride, of Mopeyland. John
114.---Lady Elizabeth Boyle, daughter of Barber, jun. esq. of Plantation, Lisburn, to
the Earl of Glasgow---At Arkleton, pear Eliza Sarah, only daughter of Joseph Nich-
Longholme, John Jardine, esq.
Olson, esg. of Seafield Kilkeel.
IRELAND,
Died.) Sir Roger Palmer, bart. of Bally-
shannon At Crumblin, Mr. Abraham
covered at the Nunnery, in Ranelagh, which Muirhead, 110.-AtArdmore, John Geddes,
entirely consumed the chapel of that in- esq.-At Dublin, Richard Deace, esq. sur-
stitution, also all the priest's vestments, com- geon and professor of anatomy. In Tralee,
munion plate, &c. . The damages are es. John Busteed, esq.-In Clonmel, E. Kellet,
esq. lieut. D. G.
TO READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.
The Letter of Veritas has been received ; but to notice the calumnies to which he adverte
against the character of the late M. G. Lewis, Esq, would be, in some degree, to admit
that they had emanated from a source sufficiently respectable to entite them to a serious
reflection. We would, therefore, suggest that they he suffered to die in the unwholesome
page which gave them existence, as carrying with them abundant evidence of their atrocity,
to render them self-subverted, and as having proceeded from too despicable a quarter to
merit contradiction or animadversion.
The observations contained in the letter from Godshill have been anticipated by seweral
of the daily prints. We are already in possession of an able refutation of w. Jenkin's
objections to the Newtonian System, which will appear next month.
The « Narcissus," who has written two copies of verses on the perusal of his own “ soft
and enticing lays," will meet with no “ Echo" in the pages of the New Monthly Magazine.
Our Cambrian friend, T. R. has our thanks : occasional notices, similar to those he
has forwarded, will be acceptable.
A. R.-Philo-graphicus-la-B. W.--S.---P---in our next.
We have received several poetical pieces of real excellence, which shall be attended to
as speeduy as our limits will permit. The verses of J.P. K. have much merit; they may
probably be inserted in a future Number: if not be has our best wishes.
It is quite impossible for us to comply with such requests as those preferred in the
letter from Dunbar. We find our time sufficiently occupied, without transcribing from
published works for the benefit of our correspondents.
The manuscript of “ Niglat” has been unfortunately mislaid, it is, however, recovered,
and will certainly appear next month.
We thank our friend at Leeds, but we do not wish to break a spear with 90 contemptible
an antagonist.
We are under the necerisity of postponing until our next publication, W.C.'s observa-
tions on Sir John Leicester's splendid gallery of paintings, and on the superb collection of
Turner's drawings, on vies, by tickets, at the house of Walter Fawkes, Esq. of Farnley.
Among other articles imavoidably postponed for want of room, are, a Memoir of the
late Mr. Blagdon- --Observations on Campbell's Specimens of British Poets, and Remarks
on Mş. Mudie's grand series of National Medals.
J. Gillet, Princer, Crown Court, Fleet Street, London,


THE
NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE,
No. 64.)
MAY I, 1819.
Vol. XI.
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS.
ON TIIE LIPE AND CHARACTER Op tion had imbued her with a taste for
CLEOPATRA. BY MADAME LA BA- magnificence, which subdued the imagina-
RONNE DE STAEL HOLSTEIN.
tion; and, from her constant relations
CLEOPATRA, Queen of Egypt, was with Greece, she had acquired the more
the daughter of Ptolemy XII.(Auletes). potent charms of the language and se-
By her father's will she became, at the ductions of that nation. Cæsar was so
age of seventeen, heiress to the throne, enchanted with her, that, on the follow-
conjointly with her brother Ptolemy ing day, he insisted that her brother
XIII. to whom, according to the Egyp- should divide the throne, and become
tian custom, she was to be married. reconciled to her. The young prince
Being older than her brother, she was astonished to learn that Cleopatra
thought herself entitled to wield the had visited the palace of Cæsar, and
sceptre alone ; but the young king, in-, well knowing the means by which she
stigated by his courtiers, attempted to had seduced her judge, he immediately
exclude Cleopatra from the throne ; and hastened to the city, declaring that he
the princess was under the necessity of was betrayed. He thus excited an in-
retiring to Syria, where she levied an surrection, which Cæsar was only ena- .
army to march against, her brother. bled to quell, by proving to the people
About this period, Pompey was assas- that he had merely executed the will of
sinated by order of Ptolemy; and Cæsar, Ptolemy. But the eunuch Pothipus,
though he had little cause to regret be- whose plans were frustrated by this re-
ing delivered froin so powerful an adver- conciliation, in concert with Achilles, an
sary, conceived the deepest hatred and Egyptian general, secretly advanced
contempt towards the Egyptian prince. with a number of troops to surprise,
Cæsar possessed virtues and passions, Cæsar, who was attended only by a
which frequently carried him away even small force. Though besieged in his
from the views of his own interest; and palace, the dictator defended himself un-
be succeeded in his enterprises rather til, by receiving a reinforcement from
through genius than calculation. Pto- Syria, he defeated the Egyptians. This
Jemy Auletes had appointed the Roman occasioned the death of Ptolemy, who,
people tutor to his children. Cæsar, in from the mortification of this defeat,
1. is quality of dictator, assumed the drowned himself in the Nile. Then
power of exercising every authority, and Cæsar was enabled to crown Cleopatra
declared himself the arbiter of the dif- without opposition; he placed her on
ferences existing between Ptolemy and the throne, and having given her in
Cleopatra. The princess anxiously marriage to her younger brother, who
wished to dispatch to Alexandria some was then only eleven years of ago, he
individual competent to take up her de. departed, though reluctantly, to subdue
fence; bout Cæsar advised her to proceed the remains of Pompey's party. Shortly
thither herself without delay. Fearing afterwards Cleopatra was delivered of a
lest slie might be recognised on entering son, whom she named Cæsarion. On
the city, slic requested Apollodorus, the her return to Rome (-16 years A. C.)
friend in whom she reposed most confi- Cæsar received her, together with her
dence, to wrap hier up in a carpet, and youthful husband, in his own palace ;
thus convey her upohserved into Cæsar's le classed them among the friends of the
chamber. By this bold stratagem she Roman people, and placed golden statues
won the heart of the conqueror. of Cleopatra beside those of Venus, in
According to Plutarch, Appian of the temple which he erected to the God-
Alexandria, and Dion Cassius, Cleopatra dess of Love. These honors gave offence
was not strikingly beautiful; but her to the Romans. The Queen of Egypt
talent and graee diffused so many charms shortly after returned to her own states,
over her person, that it was impossible where, in order to become absolute miss
not to admire her. She spoke several tress of the kingdom, she administered
languares, possessed extensive general poison to Ptolemv, who had, by that
knowledge, and, above all, excelled in time, attained his fourteenth year.
the art of pleasing. Her oriental educa. When the death of Cæsar gave rise
NEW MONTHLY MAG.-No. 61, VOL. XI.


290 Madame de Stuel on the Life and Character of Cleopatra. (May 1,
to a new civil war in the Roman em- the most refined pleasures, as well as
pirc, Cleopatra was accused of having the most igpoble amusements: she ac-
aided Brutus and Cassius; and Mark companied him in his hunting parties,
Antony, when on the point of departing played at dice, and rode through the
for the Parthian war, ordered her to streets with him to hear the language of
proceed to Cilicia to explain her conduct. the populace of Alexandria, who were
It would appear that Cleopatra, on this celebrated for their talent for raillery
oocasion, devoted her attention more to At length Antony was obliged to quit
the means of pleasing, than to her jus. Egypt; his disputes with Octavius called
tification. She embarked on board a him back to Italy, where the reconcilia-
gilded vessel, fitted up with purple sails. tion of the two rivals restored momen-
The queen hersclf, magnificently dressed, tary peace to the world, and Antony
reclined on a sopha near the stern, sur- married Octavia, without ceasing to love
rounded by a group of children, repre- Cleopatra. The events which succeeded
senting the Loves: her women, all re- prevented him for several years from
markable for their beauty, were attired visiting Egypt; but after his unfortu-
as Nercids, and stationed on different pate expedition against the Parthians,
parts of the deck. A concert of tłutes about 30 years A. C., in which he was
and lyres made the air resound with en- on the point of experiencing the fate of
chanting harmony; whilst the most fra- Cresus, Cleopatra proceeded in quest
grant incense was burned in vases of of him to Phænicia, where he had as-
silver. Thus, as Venus rose from the sembled the wreck of his army, and the
bosom of the ocean, Cleopatra sailed up two lovers once more departed for
theCydnus, to visit the conqueror of Asia. Egypt. Forgetting all his vows to Oc-
The banks of the river were lined by tavia, all his duty towards his wife, An-
an immense concourse of spectators, tony again fell a victim to intemperance,
whom the music, the perfumes, and the and the caprice of Cleopatra. Wishing
beauty of the queen, filled with admira- to entertain her with the spectacle of a
tion. Cleopatra landed at Tarsus amidst triumph, and having by some stratagem,
universal enthusiasm. Antony, who was taken prisoner Artabazus, king of Ar-
then sitting in judgment at the tribunal, menia, he presented him in chains be-
surrounded by his lictors, ordered Cleo- fore Cleopatra. On this occasion he
patra to be conducted before him; but gare a bauquet to the Roman people
this the queen begged permission to de- in the Gymnasium, where he cansed
cline, urging, in excuse, the fatigue she several thrones of gold to be erected,
had encountered on her journey; at the two of which were elerated above the
same time requesting that Antony would rest for Cleopatra and himself. He pro-
himself partake of a banquet on board claimed Cæsarion sovereign of Egypt
of her vessel. She entertained him and Cyprus, conjointly with his mother;
with the utmost magnificence; and, and, disposing of the kingdoms which
when Antony in his turn invited her, he might afterwards conquer, he named
he made useless efforts to excel her in the states which were to be shared
point of splendour. He was speedily among the children he had had by the
seduced by her charms, and his passion queen. As Cleopatra took a pride in
for her was more violent than Cæsar's, protecting learning, he conveyed to Alex-
for it occasioned his ruin. What must andria the rich library which Eumenes
ever be a subject of reproach to Cleo- had collected at Pergamus, consisting of
patra is, that she emasculated the cha- nearly two hundred thousand volumes.
racter of Antony. Though she evinced By these arrangements Autony created
greatness of mind under some circum- to himself many enemies at Rome; Au-
stances of her life, yet she did not place gustus, in particular, irritated at the
her own glory in the reputation of the powerful assistance which Cleopatra
object of lier choice; she invariably pre- afforded to the interests of his rival, de-
ferred herself to her lover, which, in a clared war against her in an assembly
woman, is always a bad calculation, as of the people. Thus the name of a
well as an unworthy sentiment. An- woman resounded throughout the vast
tony renounced, for the meanwhile, the empire of the Romans. Every thing
projected expedition against the Par- seomed to announce a civil war, and
thians, and followed her to Egypt, where Antony accordingly assembled an army
they spent the winter in a continued and quitted Egypt.'
series of entertainments. Conforming Cleopatra followed him to Greece.
to the taste of Mark Antony, the daugh- Athens granted the highest honors to
ter of the Ptolemies shared with him her; and Antony prided himself in ap-


18:9.] Madame de Stael on the Life and Character of Cleopatra. 291
pearing before the princess as a citizen which would occasion death with least
of Athens, to present to her the bo- pain. There were, among the ancients,
inage of its inhabitants. Horace calls many instances of this union of serious-
• Cleopatra a fatal prodigy. Her ascend- ness and frivolity, which made them vo-
ancy over Antony was absolute, and she luptuously enjoy existence whilst they
even rendered it subservient to the gra- prepared for death. As they had no
tification of her hateful passions, by put. hopes beyond the grave, they exhausted
ting to death at Ephesus her sister the cup of life without endeavouring to
Arsinöe, of whom she was jealous. Yet prepare, by meditation, for the immor-
Antony would never marry her, either tality of the soul. With Cleopatra, co-
because he could not resolve to sacrifice quetry was a grand art, consisting of all
his wife Octavia, who was a mediating the resources of policy, royal magnifi-
angel between him and Octavius, or be- cence, and poetic cultivation of mind.
cause he did not wish to incur the ani. All the resolution she possessed was
madversions of the Romans, who could summoned in the dangers she encoun-
not endure that one of their citizens tered through her desire to please ; she
should marry a foreigner. Some of An- exposed herself to love, as a man would
tony's letters are preserved, in which he to the perils of war, and, like an intrepid
speaks lightly of his connection with general, she prepared to die if fortune
Cleopatra, hoping to conceal, by feign- should not favour her hazardous des-
ed indifference, the power she really tiny. Some historians assert that Cleo-
possessed orer him. At length the patra was in secret negotiation with Oc-
day arrived when that fatal power tavius, and that she betrayed Antony.
became manifest, namely: at the battle - It is impossible to imagine that a woman
of Actium, between Mark Antony and who could entirely dispose of a character
Octavius Cæsar, when, to use the lan- so devoted as that of Antony, could wish
guage of Propertius, “ the forces of the to see him replaced by the subtle Octa-
universe contended against each other." vius; though it is probable she sought
· Cleopatra, accustoined to the luxuri. to bring about a reconciliation with the
ous manners of the East, was unable to conqueror. It would bave been more
brave the perils of war; and though she noble to have wished for none; but she
still possessed sufficient energy to put a had children, and was anxious to pre-
period to her existence, yet terror over- serve the throne for them; besides, the
came her in the scene of conflict. She character of Cleopatra was personal, and
ordered her vessel to be put ashore, and she rendered subservient to her ambi-
the sixty Egyptian gallies of the fleet tion all the gifts with which nature had
immediately sailed after her. On seeing endowed her. It is well kpown from
this, Antony could not refrain from what motives she first became attached
following her; he went on board her to Julius Cæsar. She next gained to
vessel, but he was no sooner there, than, her interest Sextus Pompey, who was
overwhelmed with shame and regret, for a short time master of the sea. She
he placed himself near the helm, covered exerted every effort to please Mark Au-
his face with his hands, and was three tony, and, from his weakness she obtain -
days without addressing a single word ed all. Had she found the same dispo-
to her for whom he had sacrificed all. sitions in Octavius, it is probable she
However, on his arrival at Alexandria, would not have resolved to die by her
he again participated in all the amuse own hand. She conceived the gigantic
ments which Cleopatra prepared for enterprize of conveying her ships by
him. They and their friends were land across the Isthmus of Suez to the
termed the inimitable band of life ; but Arabian Gulf, whence she might embark
that title was soon changed for a Greek for India; some of her vessels reached
term, signifying those who are resolved the destined point, but they were imme-
to die altogether,
nediately burnt by the Arabians.
Cleopatra well knew the situation of Meanwhile Octavius advanced to
Antony, and the increasing success of Egypt by the way of Syria. Cleopatra
Octavius banished all illusion with re- built near the temple of Isis, at Alexan-
spect to the future. Whilst, therefore, dria, a monument, in which she con-
she was passing her life amidst festivities, cealed her treasure, and which she in.
and lavishing on Mark Antony all the tended should become her tomb. The
enjoyments of luxury and the fine arts, Egyptian sovereigns wished to contend
she was making experiments of the effect against death, by preparing, in this
of various poisons on animals, and even world, an almost eternal asylum for their
on her slaves, in order to ascertain ashes. When Antony was defeated in


292 Madame de Stael on the Life and Character of Cleopatra. (May 1,
his last battle with Octavius, Cleopatra what Cæsar had acquired by enterprize.
immured herself in the edifice which con- Octavius spent some time in conversa-
tained all her riches, and circulated a tion with Cleopatra ; but neither her
report of her death, in order that An- entreaties nor her grace could avert the
tony's love for her might no longer at cruel designs he had formed against her.
tach him to life. On hearing this fatal He, however, sought to disguise them ;
news Antony stabbed himself; but as and she, on her part, carefully conccaled
he did not immediately expire, he had her resolution of dying: it is therefore
time to learn that Cleopatra still lived, impossible that they could be pleasing to
and he ordered his attendants to convey each other, since they were mutually
him to the asylum she had chosen. But practising deceit.
Cleopatra was an egotist even in the Cleopatra, being informed tha: Octa-
tomb, and she would not suffer the doors vius intended to carry her away with
to be opened lest the satellites of Octa- him in a few days, requested permission
vius might force an entrance; and with to take a last farewell of the remains of
the assistance of her women she con- Antony. She threw herself on his tonsb,
trived to introduce the dying Antony at and pressing to her bosom the stone
the window. She bestowed on him the which covered his ashes, she uttered tbe
tenderest care ; and of these two illus. following words, which are preserved by
trious, but unhappy lovers, one at least Plutarch :-“ Alas! my dearest Antony,
had the happiness of dying in the arms I once performed your funeral honours
of the other. Octavius was, above all with free hands, but now I am a pri-
things, desirous of taking Cleopatra pri- soner; satellites watch oyer me and pre-
soner, that she might follow his trium- vent me from dying, in order that this
phal car on his arrival at Rome. By captive form may be exhibited in the
some stratagem bis soldiers at length triumphal procession which Octavius has
succeeded in entering the monument to prepared to celebrate your defeat;
which she had retired. She attempted henceforth hope for no funeral honour's,
to kill herself, but was prevented by the these are the last that Cleopatra can be-
Roman soldiers, who watched over her stow. Whilst we both lived, nothing on
with barbarous vigilance. She entreated earth had power to separate us; but
that Octavius Cæsar would permit her to after death we are in danger of making
render funeral honours to Mark Antony: a sad exchange of sepulchres. You,
he granted her request. To render who were a Roman citizen, have found
them magnificent, she exhausted all her a grave in Alexandria; whilst I, un-
remaining treasures, and sacrificed the happy queen, must find one in your
dearest of all, her beauty, for she cover- country. But if the gods of your nation
ed her face and bosom with wounds have not forsaken you as mine have
whilst lamenting over the tomb of An- done, let me find an asylum in your
tony. In this situation she was visited tomb, that I may thus escape the dis-
by Octavius; she was stretched on a grace which is prepared for me. Oh !
couch, the bloom bad forsaken her receive me, dearest Antony! for of all
cheeks, and her lips were pallid and the misfortunes I have endured, tbe
trembling. On beholding the sovereign greatest is separation from you." Her
of the world she recollected the Great prayer was heard. She obtained per-
Cæsar, who had been enslaved by her mission to have some flowers conveyed
charms, whilst her presence revived the to her, among wbich an asp was con-
same recollection in the mind of his suc- cealed, and the sting of the reptile at
cessor.
once freed her from life and the outrage
There are some women in whom the which the pride of Octavius had pre-
desire of pleasing outlives every other pared for her. Her women, Ira and
passion. It is probable that Cleopatra Charmion, stabbed themselves and died
wished to captivate Octavius, notwith- with her. Among the ancients, an
standing her regret for the loss of An- illustrious individual seldom expired
tony. She was a woman neither entirely alone; the attachment of servauts to-
sincere nor entirely artful; a mixture of wards their masters thréw a lustre over
tenderness and vanity gave her a two- slavery, by giving it the character of
fold character, like all who are power- devotedness. Cleopatra died at the age
fully agitated by the passions of life. Be of thirty-nine, having reigned twenty-
this as it may, the charms of Cleopatra two years, and fourteen with Antony.
made no impression on Octavius; there Octavius caused an image of Cleopatra,
was nothing of an involuntary nature in with an asp on her arm, to be carried in
his mind, and be maintained by prudence his triumph; but he allowed her to be


1819.)
... Newlonian Theory.
! 293 9:
interred with Antony, and perhaps this plainest manner consistent with the sub-".
act of delicate piety appeased the manes ject, premising that, from the tenor of
of his unfortunate enemies.
W.Ji's communication, I shall consider'
him as admitting every phenomenon of
NEWTONIAN THEORY.
planetary motion described in the New-
MR. EDITOR,
tonian theory, he merely denying that
IT has been so much the fashion of these phenomena are caused by the cen.
late to attack the Newtonian system, tripetal and centrifugal forces, or rather
that, like the Logierian controversy in his own words - The plain infer.
amongst the flats and sharps, I suppose ence is, the existence of centrifugal force
we shall soon have Newtonian buttons, and the sun's attraction absolutely pre-
and Philippian buttons, to distinguish cludes elliptical motion; and the exist-
the disciples of the knight of the last ence of elliptical motion absolutely pre-
and the knight of the present century, cludes the existence of centrifugal force,
the Sir Isaac, and the Sir Richard, or Sir and of the sun's attraction."
Philip, by whicherer name the latter To investigate this dilemma I presume
ought to be designated.
the latter part is that which I have to
This doughty civic chevalier seems in- encounter; and the elliptical motion,
deed to have found what is vulgarly with all its mathematical consequences,
termed “ a mare's nest,” in some work being established by astronomical facts
upon spherics or projectiles, which has and the constant daily fulfilment of as-
puzzled himself so that he must endeavour tronomical calculations, and indeed evi-
to puzzle all mankind likewise; but as there dently admitted by W.J. (for he calls
are some a little wiser, they cannot help for a defence of gravity) I now stand
laughing to see him astride upon a curve, forward in defence of attraction and
like Iris on a rainbow, and spluttering gravity, and of the application of centri-
about his ordinates, semi-ordinates, fugal and centripetal forces to explain
forces, &c. like the projected shell whose the phenomena of the planetary orbits;
course he is describing, and like which but, for the sake of simplicity, confining
also he will burst and dissipate in smoke, my reasoning to that of the Earth, with
if there is fire enough in either end of its alterations of absolute distance, its ac-
him, his head or his heels, to kindle the celerations and retardations of inotion
fuse.
with differences of mean and apparent
He indeed shuts his eyes to every fact time, &c. I shall not quarrel with W.
connected with the doctrine of gravita- J. about the word gravity ; but I must
tion but one, and attacks the complicated maintain the fact, that in all material
system of the solar theory by an insulat- bodies which come under the immediate
ed experiment of a body projected from operation of our senses, there is a same-
the earth's surface, and returning again thing which makes them approach cach
to that surface--a proceeding so palpably other under particular circunstances,
absurd, that he is really unanswerable when different names are given to it.
upon any principle of philosophical rea- Newton calls it gravity. Since his day,
soning, or even of coinmon sense. Hin we see it under peculiar modifications
I shall therefore leave to those who can called electric attraction, chemical atti-
be bewildered or benighted with his va nity, &c.
garies, for as he is unanswerable so are For instance, two pieces of cork, of
they likewise inconvinceable; not so uncqual sizes, if put into a vessel of still
vour new correspondent W. Jenkins, water, will either approach each other
(No. 62, p. 108; March 1819), the towards the centre, or recede from each
plausibility of whose objections to the other towards the sides, as they may be
Newtonian explanation of the facts originally placed nearer to or further
connected with the elliptical orbits of from each other. Here is motion, with-
the planets round the sun, may stagger, out any apparent artificiul cause; we
at first sight, even those conversant with may therefore designäte' that power, ;
astronomical reasoning, and has evi- which is only known by its effects, inhe-
dently had that effect upon himself, so rent ; in one case, moving the cork hall. 2,
that I feel myself called upon, merely as towards each other, as if repelled by the
an individual, and not as a professed sides, in the other, moring them from
astronomer, to investigate luis objec- each other as if attracted by the sides,
tions and endeavour to refute them. and thus presenting the phenomena of
This, however, will require some close attraction and repulsion, considered by
reasoning; but I shall attempt it in the Newton as the effects of uruvitution,..


· 294
Nerotonian Theory.
May 1,
which combines in itself the power of yoke nine of them to a cart to draw it
attracting and of being attracted. from Hyde Park Corner to Brentford,
The same principle appears to have yoking the other three so as to draw in
operated in the experiments tried upon an opposite direction, then it can only
the plummet near Den Nevis, in Scot- advance with a power of six. If I move
land. When suspended in the centre of another horse behind, it will advance
au inmense plain, it liung perpendicular with a power of five. If I put six be-
to the horizontal line determined by a bind, the cart will most certainly stand
spirit level. When brought near to the still; but if the experiment should be
mountain, it deviated from that line, tried upon a hilly road, and the equaliza-
diverging from the perpendicular to- tion of the horses, the tiro artificial
wards the momtain.
powers, should take place just after turc.
These are not insulated faets, at war ing the brow of an eminence, then the
with all other natural phenomena like cart will descend, notwithstanding the
Sir Richard's misapplication of the pro- equality of artificial forces. It will de-
jectile curve, bui are really in unison scend, not by the application or accurs.
with all hydrostati, hivdraulic, electric, tion of a new power, but by its relative
magnetic, galvanic, and chemical expe- position to the earth's surface allowing
riments, which have hitherto been tried; an inherent existing power to change its
and they may, therefore, be applied by a line of action, which pointed directly to
fair analogy to the material objects in the earth's centre on the lerel road:
the heavens, that are visible to our eyes, the centre of gravity of the cart being
though not absolutely cognizable by our then in the centre of motion, but now
other xenses (with the exception of the thrown out of that point on the slope of
sun's heat) provided they will stand the the hill. Just, in fact, as a coach with
test of mathematical investigation. out horses will stand still at the Ele-
Thus far the way is cleared. A power plant and Castle, but will descend to-
is shewn to exist in the matter of this wards Brighton, if placed upon the
earth, in addition to other powers which southern face of Reigate hill!
we know experimentally to be inherent But the truth of the first axiom, in
or existent in that matter, such as its such a case, does not prove its applica-
capability of receiving motion in various bility to the earth's motion ; for that is
directions, the retardation or accelera- not in a right line bat circular or ellip-
tion, and the stoppage of that motion, tical ; not with two powers drawing al-
the tendency to fix from the centre of ways in direct opposition, both of which
motion when its direction is circular, are urlificial, but with one inherent, the
together with all the varieties of curves, centripetal, the other artificial, the cen-
or lives between a right line and the trifugal, as I shall presently demon-
segment of a circle.
stratc; not subject to two opposite
The inferences drawn from these facts motions only, but acted on by THREE-
Newton considers as laws. He applies the centripetal, which is inherent-the
them as universal laws to the illustration projectile, which is perhaps inherent,
of prored astronomical phenomena. Let perhaps the result of absolute shape and
us now see how far they are impugned density;*_and the centrifugal, resulting
by W. J.'s “ arguments;"- but first let from the projectile, and artificial there.
us examine those arguments, to see if fore most indubitably.
they are correctly put; for, if they do But the whole of W. J.'s objections,
pot embrace the whole facts, if the facts in his four arioms, are founded upon the
omitted are in opposition to their tenor, consideration of two motions only, the
then the inferences and dilemmas drawn centripetal and centrifugal, the projectile
from the must fall to the ground, and being left out of the account; when in
nothing will remain for me to do but to fact the centrifugal cannot exist until
explain matbematically the Newtonian the projectile puts it in action, or creates
principle and its mode of action.
it, increasing or diminishing according
The first position, that “ there can be
no progression from inferiority, without
• Let W. J. put a lemon or an orange in
arriving at a point of equality," is per-
a vase of water, placing it under the receiver
fectly true, if applied to a body moving
of an air-pump, the fruit remaining at rest.
in a richt line on the earth's surface, and Let him exhaust and admit the air alter-
impelled in opposite directions by two nately, and he will see the fruit ascend and
artificial forces. Thus, if I have twelve descend, and acquire a motion on its axis
horses of equal power and speed, and absolutely rotatory in regard to itself,


296
Newtoniun Theory.
(May 1,
the segment of circle A M, and at last fly the mean equinoctial distance, would be
to the sun, which it does not do.
the radius.
It follows, then, that if both the cen- But the earth moves in a curve witbin
tripetal and centrifugal forces existed, that circle; and it is evident, therefore,
and were equal at starting, that equality that the centripetal still predomipates,
did not continue ; and it also follows, until it arrives at P, when it is in peri-
that if they existed and were unequol, helion, or the winter solstice, being
that precise inoquality could not con. then nearest to the sun, as S Pis shorter
tinuc.
than SI. But here, by the Newtonian
Again, if neither centripetal nor cen- theory, the centripetal and centrifugal
trifugal forces existed at starting, then, forces are equal. Here also is the point
though the centrifugal would evidently of Il'. J.'s objeclion, who says, that now
be generated by the projectile, agreeable being equal (and denying any possible
to the Newtonian theory, and as W.J. increase or superiority of centrifugal
may feel, by swinging a musket ball over centripetal) they must move in a
round his head at the end of a sling, circle. But in what circle ? Why in the
there is no known operation of nature arch of a circle P Q, within the ellipsis,
or property of matter that would gene- of which S P is the diameter, and conse-
rate a centripetal force, which we must quently if Q is continued until it reaches
consequently either allow to be inherent, the equinoctial diameter 1 E, it would
or deny its existence ; but that a centri. fall considerably within the point E, or
petal force, or something equivalent to the vernal eqninox, and so come nearer
it, does exist, is evident from the earth to the sun, turning the ellipsis into a
being retained within the circle A M in circle, which would make the aphelion
all parts of its orbit (supposing AMN to and perihelion distances ecuali But the
be completed) though sometimes ap- earth does move in an ellipsis, and not
proaching to, and sometimes receding in a circle, as W. J. acknowledges (I be-
from, that imaginary circle.
lieve) and as astronomical facts and cal-
Here then starts the Newtonian culations prore; for the rapid increase
theory, which I shall exemplify by the of the earth's motion, and the increase
preconceived figure in as few words as of centrifugal force from I to P are esta-
possible.
blished, and can be accounted for upon
The carth at A, and at rest, pos- the elliptical theory; and as facts prove
sesses a centripetal force increasing or that the earth does not proceed in the
diminishing as it approaches or recedes dotted circle of equality P Q, but in a
from the sun. It receivas a projectile curve beyond it, P E, constantly reced-
motion, and proceeds along the portion ing from the dotted arch P Q, until it
of the ellipsis A I, acquiring a centri- reaches E the vernal equinox, so does
fugal force in its progress, which centri- the Newtonian theory say, that at P the
fugal force increases from nothing to a centrifugal force, having a ratio of in-
certain sum at I. In the mean time the crease from A to P beyond the ratio of
centripctal force increases, for $ I is centripetal, there equals it. It is evi-
shorter than SA, and of course the dent, also, that the centrifugal must now
earth, now in its autumnal equinox, is begin to surpass the centripetal, because
nearer to the sun than when it was at the line of actual motion diverges be-
A, the apholion, or summer solstice. It yond the dotted circle: but not because
is evident, also, that the centrifugal force they both go on increasing, as W. J.'s
has increased in a greater ratio than the objections argue, but because they both
centripetal has done, because the rapi- begin to diminish in an inverse ratio to
dity of the revolving motion has been their increase from A to P.
gradually increasing from A to I in a Thus the earth moving from P to E
greater proportion than the absolute di- increases its distance (and loses a portion
minution of distance of the earth and of its centripetal force, or, in other
sun, which gradual increase of rapidity words, the sun's attraction diminishes)
is proved by the established facts of the its increased distance proceeding from
equation of time.
the orbicular motion and centrifugal
But still the centripetal and centri- force ; which latter force being equal to
fugal forces are not equal at I; for if -
they were, and continued so, the earth * I say nothing at present of the vector
would move, as W. J. himself objects, in radius, or radius of motion always changing
a circle ; but in what circle ?- Why in in length, in various parts of the orbit, but
the dotted circle already directed, from always going over equal spaces in equal
I towards P; a circle of which S I, or times, by the law of Kepler.


1819.] Tour of the Archdukes John and Lewis, in the Years 1815-16. 297
the centripetal at P, and not diminish- in the orbit the earth is, or was first put
ing so rapidly as the centripetal, aided into motion, the vector radius there
by the increased but decreasing momen- must be equal to the longer apsis or
tum, now acquires a relative superio- aphelion distance that in proceeding
rity, though in a state of actual decrease. to the perihelion it acquires an accele-
· That the centripetal forte diminishes rating velocity and accelerating momen-
more rapidly froin P to E, than it in- tum, which act with the centripetal
créased from A to I, is mathematically force until the inoment of equality, when
dernonstrable by the measurement of the the projectile force, still acting in a tan-
vector radius. That the centrifugal does gent to the line of motion, causes the
not decrease so rapidly in ratio froin P accelerated momentum to act with the
to E as it increased from A to I, but centrifugal force, the vector radius aug-
only in the inverse ratio from I to P, is menting and forming an obtusé angle
also demonstrable from the figure and with the direction of motion, decompos-
from equation of time. .
ing the force of gravity, and continually
• Hence the centrifugal force at Esnr- diminishing in velocity and momentum
passes the centripetal, just as much as until it reaches the aphelion, when they
the centripetal surpassed it at I ; but are at a minimum, and its course begins
both in a less quantity of actual power anew. I must also add, that W. J.'s ob-
than they possessed at P, where they jection respecting the sum total of cen-
were equal.
trifugal force at the perihelion is incor-
Hence the earth ascending from the rectly put. Though the centrifugal
vernal equinox to the summer solstice, force increases from aphelion to equality
or aphelion at A, instead of proceeding at perihelion, in the ratio of a shorten-
in a dotted circle, of which S Eis the ing radius, still there is a surplus force
radius, is carried by centrifugal force and acting on the earth, and now at its max-
momentum beyond it. But the centri- imum, being the increased momentum
petal force still diminishes, as does also from accelerated velocity, added to the
the centrifugal; with this remarkable original projectile impetus, sufficient
difference, howerer, that as the ratio of fully to the theory, without supposing
acquired centrifugal increase wasgreatest the generation of any nero ceternal im-
from A to P, so that it overtook the cen- pulse.
Yours,
L.
tripetal, its decrease is now the greatest,
"and at A it again becomes a minimum.
JOURNAL OP A TOUR IN ENGLAND IN
It has indeed been objected, that if
FROM MS. NOTES OF THB
even a small portion of centrifugal force
ARCHDUKES JOHN AND LEWIS OP
remains at A, after the first revolution,
AUSTRIA.
that would increase from year to year,
( Continued from p. 17, Vol. X.)
and hence the distance from the sun FROM Holyrood House we were
would annually increase from the accu- taken to the Register Office, where the
mulation of centrifugal powers, nay, publie and family archives of Scotland
that the centrifugal would overtake the are preserved. This establishment pre-
centripetal sooner in the orbit .every vents many lawsuits, by the careful pre-
year; with other extraordinary pieno. servation of all family writings. The
mena, which would indubitably be the most ancient of tie documents here is
case, if the earth and sun were the only of the year 1405, and of the reign of
bodies in the system. But when we re- King David. An aged woman, who un-
colleet that there are several others, all derstands how to render old faded manu-
moving in unequal ellipses, or orbits of scripts legible, is employed for that pur-
different eccentricities, so that the sun's pose in this office.
actual place, as forming one elliptical W e viewed St. George's Church,
centre of each orbit, is actually a mean which is built in the Greek style, and
of the whole, that difficulty vanishes; ascended into the lantern of the dome,
the apprehended irregularities of one from which there is an extensive pro-
planet being corrected by the gradual spect over the city and the surrounding
and constant correction of the whole country, as far as the sea.
system,
On the 5th of December we visited the
* I must again repeat that the New buildings where the Scotch parliament
tonian theory does not suppose the met before the Union ; it is used at pre-
earth, or comet, to approach the sun sent for the sittings of the Courts of
after equality of centripetal and centri. "Justice. The Courts happened to be
fugal forces. On the contrary, it proves' sitting that day, and a place was given
incontestably, that from whatever point us near the Judges; though I did not
'New MONTHLY MAG.–No. 64.
Vol. XI. 20
18


298 Tour of the Archdukes John and Lewis, in the Years 1815-16. (May 1,
understand what was said, I perceived &c. The object of this society, whose
that the mode of proceeding was like labours are expinently successful, is the
that in England, which has been imitat- improvement of agriculture, and the
ed in France. In another hall we found breeding of cattle, the cultivation of
the Court of Exchequer assembled. It waste lands, the encouragement of use-
decides on causes between the crown ful inventions, by the distribution of
and private individuals. The case then premiums and other rewards. Another
before it was that of a brewer, who af- Society, to promote instruction in Chris.
firmed, that by means of a new inven- tianity, was founded in 1701. It re-
tion he could make use of the spirituous ceives 10001. per annum from the king,
parts, which, during the cooling of the and many schools are supported by it.
beer, evaporate in the air and are lost. We made a little excursion to the town
His idea was to collect these parts in a of Leith, distant about two English
pipe, where they should be condensed miles from Edinburgh. The way to it
like common brandy. The royal officers, is along an uncommonly fine, broad,
on their side, made objections to this, paved road, which has an almost unin-
affirming that some fraud upon the re- terrupted row of houses on both sides of
venue might be intended.
it, so that you hardly think that you are
We were shown the library of the in another town when you arrive at
counsellors, which is in a handsome Leith. There is the old harbour, and
room, and had not been long established. they are busy in forming a new one.
Another library, belonging to the law. The first is at the mouth of the little
yers, * consists of 40,000 volumes. It river Leith ; but it is too confined, and
contains the best ancient and modern is dry at low water ; the new one will
works, a variety of manuscripts, and a consist of a row of docks, sereral of
complete collection of documents rela which are completed.
tive to the history of the country; the We saw large three-masted vessels,
oldest of these last is of the year 1350; which go to Greenland on the whale
the earlier ones are said to have been fishery. They are distinguished by the
lost in the passage to England by sea. strength with which they are built, and
We saw among them a letter written by the covering of iron on the bows, to
by Mary Queen of Scots, while she was resist the masses of ice. They sail every
in France, to her mother; the hand- year, in March, to Greenland or New-
writing and the style were good for that foundland. The fishery is not always
time.
successful, and these enterprises are
The Bettering-house, or House of often attended with loss.
Correction, is on a hill, called Calton Leith is defended by some batteries,
Hill, and is one of the best ordered esta- but they are not very formidable. Dur-
blishments of the kind that we have seen. ing the American war Paul Jones sailed
On the same hill there is a monument in into the river with three armed vessels,
honour of Nelson.
and spread terror as far as Edinburgh.
On the 6th of December we began our Leith possesses several manufactories ;
daily rounds with visiting the High the principal branch of its industry is
School, in which 800 young people of linen. The town is in the period of its
all ranks receive preparatory instruction. increase, and had already attained a high
The school has five classes. The boys degree of prosperity, when several of its
go through thc lower classes in four merchants made great speculations in
years, under four teachers or profes- colonial goods to the Continent; the
sors. In the fifth they receive the pre- turn of political affairs disappointed their
paratory instruction immediately previ- hopes, so that several of these houses
ous to being sent to college. The became bankrupt; and while we were
branches of learning taught there are there, one of them, the only one who
reading, writing, Latin and Greek, geo- had commercial relations with the East
graphy, history, and mathematics. The Indies, declared itself insolvent in the
methods of instruction seem to be sum of 250,0001. sterling.
good.
We returned to Edinburgh by the
One of the most useful institutions of same road, and visited, on the way, a
the city of Edinburgh is the Highland great manufactory for spinning cotton
Society of Scotland, which has a presi- and hemp, which is put in motion by a
dent, four vice-presidents, and members steam-engine. The Botanic-Garden,
of all ranks of society, nobles, merchants, which we saw after our return, is nei-
ther large, nor, as it appeared to us, well
The Advocates' Library.-ED. kept. There are in Edinburgh several


1819.] Tour of the Archdukes John and Lewis, in the Years 1815-16. 299
ale breweries, many manufactories of ceives the supplies from five springs.
sal volatile, sal ammoniae, &c. The city When these springs flow abundantly, it
is supposed to have received its name furnishes seven hogsheads per minute, or
from a castle which a Saxon prince, 10,080 hogsheads daily. The water is
named Edwin, had built here in the year conducted by many pipes into a second
626, and which was called Edwinburgh. reservoir upon the Castle Hill. This is
This city will at a future period cer- the highest part of the city, but it is
tainly become one of the most beautiful twenty four feet below the level of the
cities in Great Britain. Its situation is first reservoir. The second is 48) feet
uncommonly favourable, on an eminence long, 28 feet broad, and 74 feet deep.
near the sea, and combines advantages The churches in the city are hand-
of every kind. The New Town, which some, and built in a good style. St,
was built after a regular plan, is every Andrew's Church has a chime of bells
thing that can be wished in respect to which plays on Sundays; but as this kind
the architecture both of the public and of music is not at all liked in Scotland,
private buildings. The contrast between the rent of the houses near the church
the Old and the New Town is striking: has declined since the latter had its
the houses of the former are black, chime of bells. The new catholic church
crowded together, and the streets be- is very pretty. The Highlanders have
tween them, in part, no more than from a church here, in which divine service is
six to ten feet broad. The two towns performed in their own language.
are joined by a handsome bridge, which Of the predominant religion (the Pres-
was begun in 1765, and finished in 1769. byterian) there are sixteen churches;
The building of the New Town did not besides which there are two catholic, one
begin till the year 1768 ; before which episcopal, seventeen dissenters', and one
time there was not a trace of it. Ten quaker's church (a meeting-house). The
handsome streets, parallel to each other, clergy consist of twenty-eight clergymen
now traverse the city on its whole of the established church, who are paid
length from East to West. Queen- by their parishioners. Besides the
street is a hundred feet broad, and has parish churches, there are also what are
only one row of houses, the inhabitants called chapels of ease, the preachers in
of which enjoy the most beautiful pro- which, like those of the dissenters, are
spect towards the north, over the county chiefly paid out of the profits arising
of Fife, and the whole course of the Firth from letting the pews.
of Forth. This advantage renders the The Presbyterian (Calvinistical) church
street a very agroeable promenade in predominant in Scotland is under four
summer. St. George's-street is a hun ecclesiastical authorities. The Kirk Ses-
dred and ten feet broad, and terminates sion (la Session d'eylise), the Presbyte-
at each end in a fine square. Princess- ries ( Presbytériens), the Synod, and the
street, along the Fosse, serves as a win- General Assembly. In all ecclesiastical
ter promenade. Its broad foot pave- matters an appeal lies from the Session
ment is frequently crowded with walkers. to the Presbyteries, from them to the
The fine street leading to Leith is a third Synod, and from the Synod to the Ge-
very agreeable promenade.
neral Assembly. This latter stands in
The architecture of the houses in the the same relation to the inferior autho-
New Town agrees with that usual in rities, as the House of Lords to the infe-
London: the kitchens are below ground, rior tribunals of the kingdom. The ap-
and receive their light from a grated probation of the sovereign is not indis-
window looking towards the street; but pensably necessary in Scotland to the
they are more spacious and comfortable. validity of the ordinances which the Ge-
The streets of the New Town have neral Asscmbly issues from time to time.
raised pavements on both sides for the It meets once a year. A royal commis-
foot passengers, and are paved with ba- sioper generally arranges with the pre-
saltic stones, which are found in abund. sident, who is called the Moderator, the
ance near Arthur's seat.
time of its being summoned, and it is
On the north of Queen-street a new always dissolved by the former in the
town is building, which might be called king's name. The king bears in this
a third Edinburgh. Three principal, assembly the title of Head of the Church.
and some inferior streets are already The inns at Edinburgh are good and
finished, and the houses are inhabited as cleanly. The King's Hotel in Princess-
fast as they can be finished. Edinburgh street, where we lodged, is particularly
is supplied with water from a reservoir to be recommended for its fine situation.
four miles from the city, and which re- Besides the hotels and public-houses,


300 Tour of the Archdukes John and Lewis, in the Years 1815-16. May 1,
there are here houses which bear the Edinburgh, and which in manufactur-
mod 't nanie of oyster-cellars; you find ing towns always implies an increasing
there at all times oysters, porter, punch, demand for the productions of their in-
and supper, when they are ordered. dustry, cannot proceed from that cause
Among the pastimes or amusements here, where there are yo manufactories,
of the city, the public promenades de. The reason assigned to us was, that all
serve to be first mentioned, as they are natives of Scotland who have acquired
an amusement more or less in vogue all property, whether in the army or in
over England. We have already men- trade, or in America, buy land and build
tioned some of them : there is another houses here, to pass the rest of their
on the south side of the city; it is a mile days in repose. If this city cannot boast
and a half long, and is called Meadows, of its trade and manufactures, it possesses
or Hope's Pool, because a person of the the most celebrated men of Scotland,
name of Hope, about the beginning of who are equally distinguished by their
the eighteenth century, had a marshy number, their knowledge, and their eru.
spot called South Loch drained and con- dition. Seven mail coaches go every
verted into a fine promenade ; its oval day from Edinburgh to all parts of
centre is planted round with avenues of Great Britain, and 34 stage-coaches.
troes. The theatre, which we did not Charles I. established the post between
see, is, we are told, inconsiderable. London and Edinburgh in 1635. T'he
Near Leith there is a place which is annual revenue of the post-office is esti-
used for horse-racing; notwithstanding mated at 100,0001. sterling.
the very unfavourable sandy soil, it is Edinburgh has two banks. At the
much resorted to in the summer time. time of their foundation, Scotland did
Corri's Room, as it is called, is a place for not possess a million of coin in circula-
concerts, and sometimes used for feats tion, and its trade was very inconsider-
of tumbling and horsemanship, and even able. The bank gave every person a
as a theatre. The new sect of Mr. Hal- certain credit who could bring two land-
dane has also a chapel here. The as- owners as sureties; or, as we say, open-
sembly rooms are resorted to once a ed him an account on its books. All mer-
week by the beau monde, for cards and chants and others who had money tran-
dancing.
sactions found it advantageous to have
The Concert-hall, built in 1762, is at an account with the banks of Edinburgh.
present a Freemason's Lodge.
The merchant pays the manufacturer in
The Royal Company of Archers con- bank-notes, with which the latter pays
sists of about a thousand members, the landholder for his produce, and which
many of whom belong to the first fami- return to the merchant to be employed
lies of Scotland. Part of them meet in balancing his accounts, or in reparing
every week at Edinburgh to practise the sums advanced him by the bank.
archery. Every year there is a grand Thus this establishment serves to sup.
assembly, on which occasion five princi- port the whole commercial intercourse
pal prizes are distributed. The first, or of Scotland. The manufactures of
Total prize, remains the perpetual pro: Glasgow were doubled in fifteen years
perty of him who gains it; three others after its foundation : and in the fifty
consist of silver arrows, which were for years that have since elapsed, the trade
merly presented to the society by dif- of Scotland has increased tepfold.
ferent cities ; the fifth is a silver punch One of these banks is called the Scotch
bowl. The winner keeps these only till Bank; it was founded by act of parlia.
the next annual meeting, when he gives ment in 1695, with a capital of 100,0001.
then back, and hangs on a medal, with sterling. It was necessary to have 10001.
on inscription, at pleasure. Another in the bank to have a seat at the board.
society is that of the Golfers. Their The governor was obliged to hare
amusement consists in striking a ball in 80001, in it, the vice-governor 60001..
the open air. The place designed for and each bank director 30001. In the
This game is inclosed, and at certain dis year 1774 an act of parliament allowed
fances holes are made. He who strikes the capital to be doubled, and since that
the ball into all these holes with the time the officers of the bank inust pos-
smallest number of strokes wins the sess double the above-mentioned sums,
game.
To prevent abuses, it was ordered that
The population of Edinburgh amount- no notes should be issued of lower value
ed in the year 1678 to 35,600 souls; in than one pound. The second bank is
the vcar 1811 it had increased to 103,143. called the Royal Bank : it was founded
The naraber of new houses built in in 1727. Though there is an Exchange


1819.1 Notices illustrative of Cambrian History and Antiquities.
301
for the use of the merchants, they, how- through the Highlands by means of high
ever, for the most part, transact their roads and bridges. The nobility offered
business according to ancient custom, to take a part in the execution of the
walking backwards and forwards in the work; but as an inequitable distribution
street.
of the burdens was apprehended, an
Intellectual improvement has made Act of Parliament was obtained, accord-
great progress in Scotland, and is united ing to which every body is taxed in
with a high degree of hospitality. The proportion to the advantages which he
Scotch are obliging and benevolent; derives.
they possess an open character and a The Caledonian canal intersects the
more lively disposition than their neigh- country from east to west, in the same
bours. Knowledge of languages and the direction as the Forth and Clyde canal.
fine arts are to be met with in all ranks. It commences near Inverness eastward,
They are well acquainted with the af- follows the valley to Loch Ness, with
fairs of Europe, and the state of sciences which it is connected, passes by Fort
on the Continent. We met with several Augustus, touches Loch Eroch and Loch
persons who understood and spoke the Lochy, intersects a little valley Dear
German language. Their customs and Fort William, and runs thence into the
manners correspond exactly with those sea. Where the division of the waters
of England ; but this, as we have been takes place there is a great number of
informed, has been the case only since sluices. The expense of this canal is
the latter half of the last century. In estimated at 800,0001, sterling; but the
the year 1763 it was still customary to advantages will hardly he in proportion
dine at two o'clock, and in 1783 the to this immense sum. The work was
fashion was not yet introduced for the undertaken, as we have before observed,
ladies to retire from table towards the to lessen the frequent emigrations of the
end of the repast. Social intercourse Highlanders; it was attended with great
must be extremely agrecable, as the difficulties, for it was necessary in many
women have very cultivated under places to blow up granite rocks: the
standings.
canal, however, approaches its comple-
The Scotch have tall, slender, and tion; the benefit expected from it is,
handsome persons. Our stay in this that it will save the troublesome naviga-
country was too short to permit us to tion round the north coast of Scotland.
make particular observations on its in- It will bear frigates of 36 guns, and
habitants; however, the first impression ships of 1000 tons burden. By the in-
was in every respect agreeable. The troduction of steam boats, it is hoped
Scotch people are poorer than the Eng- to avoid the dangers of the navigation
lish, but on the other hand more lively in deep narrow lakes, surrounded with
and cheerful; their character must have rocks, where a gust of wind may overset
the advantages which distinguish the in the vessels, or total calm binder their
habitants of mountainous countries. progress.
We have been informed that agricul. As, however, the different kinds of
ture has made much greater progress labour offered to the poorer classes
than in England, although in a much could not entirely put a stop tò einigra-
less favourable soil and climate. Sir tion, the government has resolved to
John Sinclair has given a circumstantial establish a colony in Canada. We were
account of it. They have particularly told that the peculiar costumes of the
employed themselves in cultivating waste Highlanders gradually disappear, and
lands.' Horticulture has also attained that the ancient national dress begins to
here a high degree of perfection.
become more rare.
The Highlanders are very poor, and
(To be continued.)
mot seldom obliged to emigrate; whe-
ther it be from an excess of population,
NOTICES ILLUSTRATIVE OF CAMBRIAN
or on account of an abuse originating
HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES.
with the great land-owners, who pur-
No. IV.
chase lands from the country people to
convert them into pasture. Endeavours
THE DRUIDS, &c.
are now making to remedy this evil, IT would, perhaps, be an easy matter
partly by digging the Caledonian canal, to prove, that the great body of men
which is a private undertaking, partly known in different parts of the world by
by the construction of several roads, the designation of Brahmins, Celtes, and
which was ordered by the government in Druids, were members of one great ori-
1803, to open a better communication ginal society, nearly in unison with re-


302
Notices illustrative of Cambrian History and Antiquitics. [May 1,
spect to their leading principles :* these with a species of warfare that was new
were—the unity of the Deity-his per- even to them, whose avocation it seemed
fections and attributes--the transmigra- to be to find foes, or to make them :-
tion and immortality of souls the origin “ Muliebre, &c. fanaticum agmen,” a
of the world and its tendency to disso- troop of viragoes and maniacs, run-
lution. These tenets, probably co-eval ning about like furies, brandishing fire-
with the earliest population, had been brands, and pouring out on the viola-
preserved by these orders, unimpaired, tors of their groves, the most dreadful
through the revolutions of ages, and execrations.
their various emigrations. According CARNEDD LLEWELYN-CARNARVON,
to Herodotus, the doctrine of the me. Upon the summit of this mountain,
tempsychosis may be traced to a more its altitude differing from Snowdon only
remote antiquity; and the tenets, more 48 feet, it is supposed Llewelyn ap Tor.
particularly druidical, as their veneration werth encamped, at that desperate junc-
for the oak and mistletoc (pren awyr) to ture when King John, with an over-
a very early origin. It is therefore whelming army, was in the plains below,
highly probable, that druidism was and Bangor blazing; and from whence
brought into Britain by its primitive he sent his princess (Joan) to her father,
planters ; nor is there the least reason to make a peace. Rhys Goch, o Eryri,
to suppose that their system was at all addressing this hill, about 1420, says:
altered by the introduction of any thing
“ Yna gorwedd Rhitta gawi.”
derived from those fertile and fanciful
There rests the giant Rhitta.
sources--the mythologies of Greece and
Rhitta, in the Bardic mythology, was
Rome. The word druid is derived from
the terror of the petty tyrants of his
derw (oak), though Pliny traces it to a
time, and is said to have ordered a robe
Grecian word of the same signification ;
to be made of the beards of several of
it is, however, certain, that they held
those whom he had slain in battle!
this tree in particular veneration, per-
formed their ceremonies in the recesses
SNOW DON.
of its groves, and generally dwelt be-
Snowdonia was so denominated, like the
neath its sacred branches. The custom Armenian Niphates, and the Tartarian
which still prevails in many parts of Tmaus, from its snowy summits. It
England, and particularly at Chester, consists of such a variety of mineral
of cutting the mistletoe, and suspending
substances, as to render it almost im-
it to the ceiling in houses, is a relic of possible to give them a distinctive cha-
druidism. When the end of the year
racter, as they begin so high as the Cal-
approached, the Druids marched with careous, and descend so low as the
great solemnity to gather it, in order to softest Argile. The prevailing strata,
present it to Jupiter, inviting all the however, of which the highest points are
world to assist at the ceremony in these composed, are petro silex, grey granite,
words: “ The new year is at hand: slate, shaltery, schistus, intermixed with
gather the mistletoe.” The sacrifices rich veins of metallic substances, and
being ready, the priest ascended the quartz spar. The intelligent mineralo-
oak, and, with a golden hook, cut off gist will be highly delighted by a ramble
the mistletoe, which was received in a over this delightful neighbourhood.
white garment spread for the purpose.
BEGGING PRIARS.
This part of the ceremony being ended,
Lewis Glyn Cothi, a bard of 1450, de-
the victims (two white bulls which had
scribes, in a very humorous manner,
never been yoked) were brought forth, the practice of the mendicant friars in
and offered up to the Deity, with prayers his time, who, profiting by the credulity
that he would prosper those to whom and superstition of their neighbours, ex.
he had given so precious a boon. Of changed with them the images of certain
the mistletoe thus gathered, they made saints, held in particular veneration, for
h potion, which they administered as an cheese, bacon, &c. Among them, Seiriol
antidote to all poisons, and used as a and Curig (patron of Capel Carig, in
remedy to prevent sterility. In Mona Snowdonia) were always negotiable;
(Anglesea) the Druids, gradually retreat the effigy of Seiriol being reckoned infal-
ing from every part of Britain, were in
om very part of Britain were in lible for the removal of certain disorders,
hopes of finding a sanctuary from the and that of Curig being equally so for
persecuting Romans, who, Strabo says, the, expulsion of evil spirits from farm
hated them : it was here that Suetonius houses, &c.-Un o honynt a ddygai, &c.
and his hardy veterans were appalled Beneath his cloak the begging friar bore
The guardian charm, grey Curig, to the
* Rowland's M. Antiq.
door;


804 Notices illustrative of Cumbrian History and Antiquities. (May 1,
at intervals, for the purpose of procuring
“ Who has been our parish clerk
food. About the middle of August they
Full one and thirty years I say,
re-migrate, previous to which a great
Must here, alas! İye in the dark,
number of the young are taken, pickled,
Bemoaned for ever and for aye !"
and inclosed in small casks for sale-- Fit poetry for such a professional per-
forming, together with the large oysters, sonage.
an article of traffic peculiar to this neigh TRANSFER OF HUMAN BEINGS.
bourhood.
In the township of Porthaethwy was
HOWELL Y PWYALL.
exemplified the power of a feudal pro-
Jolo Goch alludes to his taking the prietor to sell his vassals or villains, as
French king prisoner, at Poictiers, in well as his cattle, as appears from the
the following figurative lines:-
following translated document:-" Ed.
« Pan rodded
nyfed Fychan an Ednyfed, Dafydd ap
Y ffuvyn yn mhen Brenhin Frainge.” Gryffydd, and Howellap Dafydd ap
The Black Prince knighted him on
Ryrid, free tenants of our Lord the
King, in the township of Rbandirgadog,
the field of battle, gave him the rent
i have given and confirmed unto William
in
of the Dee Mills at Chester for life, and
a ap Gryffyd ap Gwilym, esq. free tenant
the Constableship of the castle of Cric-
of Porthmael, seven of our natives, viz.
cieth, added his battle-axe to his coat of
Howell Matto, and Llewellyn, ap Da-
arms, and ordered that a mess of meat
at fydd dew ; Dafydd and Howell, ap Matto,
should be served before it daily, for ever, ..
ef: 'ap Dafydd dew; Llewellyn, ap Evan
to preserve in memory the uncommon
goch, and Jevan ap Evan ddu, with their
prowess of its master. The king ap-
successors procreated, and to be pro-
pointed eight yeonien, at eight pence a
created, and all their goods, &c. Dated
day each, to guard the mess, and see it
at Rhandir gadog, Jupe 20, 27th Hen.
regularly served before the axe! After
VI."
the death of Howell, the mess was given
BARDIC CONTENTION.
to the poor, for his soul's sake, till the
In the time of Dafydd ap Gwilym, the
reign of Elizabeth, when the establish-
British Ovid, a great revolution happen-
ment, in the indiscriminate levelling of
ed in British music; the twisted horse-
the time, was abolished.
hair strings with which the harp and
BEAUMARIS.
cruth bad, till then, beep furnished, were
The castle was built in 1295, by
discarded for the foreign and more so-
· Edw. I.(it was the parent of the town)
in a place called Bonover marsh, and he
norous catgut, though not without a
contention which divided the world of
gave it the name of Beaumaris-com-
pounded of the French words beau and
harmony into two factions. Dafydd, to
marais. It may be, after all, from the
check innovation, joined the ancient
amateurs, and wrote Couydd y delyn
· Latin Bimaris, for Horace calls Corinth
ledr, ode to the catgut barp, &c.; but,
Bimaris Corinthus, from the meeting of
o notwithstanding his influence, and that
tides near that place. Among the ex- *
* of his muse, he was borne down by an
traordinary favors granted to the inha.
invincible majority; the piano of Britain
bitants by king Edw. I, were, that they
was, of course, lost in the forle of the
shall have a free prison in the castle,"
Levant, and the lovers of Italian novelty
that no Jews shall dwell there -- that if
carried their point. .
any of the burgesses die, testate or in-
testate, their goods shall not be confis- ORUELTIES OF THE ENGLISH.
cated to the king, but their heirs shall Among the numerous acts of rapacity
have the same. In the vestry of the and oppression committed by the Eng.
church is interred the Rev. 'Gronwy lish, under Edw. I. are the following,
Davies, the last line of whose epitaph is emphatically called “ Greefs," suffered
perhaps worth preserving-
by the men of Strath Alyn (the Mold
“ Here lies learning, friendship, love,
district) at the hands of Roger Clifford,
Here lies the innocence of the dove;
and Roger Schrochill, bis deputy-
Within this grave, and in this dust,
“ The said Roger took the lands of
His ever-courteous body must
the men of the country as forfeit, and
Until the resurrection lie,
for one foot of a stag found in a dog's
Then, he shall live, and Death shall die.”
mouth three men were spoiled of all
At the entrance of the church-yard is they had.
a plain stone to the memory of Mere *' Item.-Ithel ap Gwysty was con-
dith Davies, the parish clerk, with these demned in a great sum for the fact of
lines :
his father, done forty years before.


1819.) Observations on Theutrical Representations of the Ancients. 305
• « Item. We were given to Maister really attempted to dance. Orchesis,
Maurice de Cruny, and were sold to therefore, properly comprehended ac-
Roger Clifford, which was never tion: bence Aristides Quinctilianus, who
known in our parents' time,”
wrote a book upon music, calls the cele-
CONQUEST OF CAMBRIA,
brated actor, Roscius, an Orchestes, a
Vaughan of Hengwrt says; “I con- dancer; and they used to say to dance a
fess we have reason to bless God for his drama, that is, to perform it. The rea-
mercy to us in our happy establishment son of this denomination probably is,
under one monarch, we may well say, that the mien and movements of the
we were conquered to our gain, and un- actor were as much regulated by mea-
done to our advantage."
sure, and certain rules, as the steps and
Caer.
L.
turns of a dancer. This fully clears up
that passage of Aristotle, where he says
that the chorus danced in the most me-
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE THEATRI- lancholy parts of the tragedy. Now the
CAL REPRESENTATIONS OF THE AN chorus consisted of a number of excel-
CIENTS.
lent actors, sometimes of venerable old
AS so much is now said and written men, sometimes of women or children,
about the theatre, it seems to me not &c. who answered the questions of the
irrelevant to make some remarks on the acting personages, and made the suitable
theatrical representations of the ancients, attitudes, expressing in every look or
whom we consider, in every respect, as motion the most lively interest; their joy,
models for our imitation.
their sorrow, their fears, or their hopes :
First of all, I find it necessary to de- so that, this must, in fact, have been a
fine two words which are generally ta- very moving spectacle. Hence we find,
ken in a wrong sense- Sony and Dance. that a chorus of Æschylus, which con-
Song (cantus), and to sing (canere), were sisted of fifty furies, spread such a ge-
used in speaking of declamation, as neral horror among the spectators, that
Strabo mentions. Homer, Horace, and the chorus was reduced, by an ordinance,
others, called the actor a singer (cantor); to fifteen. The highest species of Salta-
yet he did not sing but declaim. Thus tiones, were the pantomimes ; this mute
in Cicero (Orator. III.), it is said of Læ- music, as Cassiodorus calls it, where
lia, that she pronounced, with great every thing was represented merely by
ease and fluency, very frequent and the posture, gesture, and action, accord-
strongly marked accents ; so that, adds ing to certain measure. The oldest per.
the relator, when I heard Lælia speak, former of this kind was Telesis, the
I thought I heard the pieces of Plautus dancer of Æschylus, who danced the se-
or Naevius sung. These examples are ven chiefs before Thebes, and knew how
numerous, and the same is the case with to mark properly the character and the
dancing. For dancing, (Saltatio, opXnois, deeds of each of these heroes. The Ro-
with the Greeks), is, according to Plato, mans in particular carried this art to a
(de Legibus, VII) the art, which consists very high degree of perfection. The
in the imitation of all the attitudes and two most celebrated pantomimic actors
motions of which men are capable. In among them were Pylades and Bathyl-
fact, the word Saltatio did not come lus, the first of whom was particularly
from Saltus (a leap), but from Salius, an happy in tragedy, and the latter in co-
Arcadian, who first tauglit this art to medy. They represented at first only
the Romans. Dion Cassius relates, that single scenes, then acts, and at last whole
the Emperor Heliogabulus danced not pieces. These pantomimic representa-
only when he saw dramatic pieces per- tions were called dances, and the per-
formed, while sitting in the Imperial formers themselves dancers, (Saltatores,)
seat in the theatre, but also in walking, and they were a kind of ballets, which
while giving audience, or when speaking name is indeed derived from them; for
to his soldiers, nay even when sacrificing. they were also called, especially in Si-
Now this would be entirely absurd, if cily, Ballismoi. The titles of some of
Saltatio did not include gesticulation, or them are preserved, from which we may
what we properly do not call dancing: pretty well infer their contents-for in-
hence, this was also termed Cheironomie stance, the Dances of the Cyclops, the
(the law of the hands). Thus Juvenal Dance of Hector, Ajax, &c. One of the
says, the carver of the viands at the most celebrated pupils of Pylades was
tables of the great, carved the meat Hylas, the latter once danced an ode,
dancing; he would certainly not have which ended with “ The Great Aga-
performed this office very well, if he had memnon.” (Tov meyar Agapspavora, Macrob.
New MONTHLY MAG.--No. 64.
VOL. XI. 2 R


300 Observations on Theatrical Representations of the Ancients. (May 1,
ii. 7.) To express this, Hylas stretch same marks were employed for this pur-
ed himself out, and stood on tip-toc ; but pose as were used in indicating the ac-
this did not please his master, who called cents. Before the piece itself began,
out to him that he did it wrong, on some instruinents, especially flutes, play-
which the people desired that he would ed a prelude, which were in admirable
dance this ode himself; he did so, and harmony with the subject. Cicero there-
when he came to the above passage, he fore says (Acad. Quæst. IV.) that per-
stood still, in the attitude of a person in sons who understood inusic would im-
profound thought, because he conceived mediately perceive from the first notes
that nothing was more suitable to a of the prelude performed by the instru-
great commander than to think. The ments, whether Antiope, or Andro-
same Hylas once danced Edipus, but mache was to be acted. The instru-
with his eyes open ; whereupon his mas- ment then continued to accompany the
ter called out_“thou seest!" The actor. Quinctilian even says, that one
Romans were so charmed with these of the most celebrated orators of his
pantomimes, that they often wept at time had an instrumental performer be-
them, and the applause given them was hind him, who, from time to time, gare
80 extravagant, that it was ordained un- him the proper measure. Thus Cicero
der the reign of Tiberius, that no sena- sometimes declaimed, and Roscius made
tor should visit the theatre of the pan- the gesticulation. Among the Romans,
tomime performers, and no Roman the declamation was often divided be-
knight should walk in the street with tween two actors, one had to recite,
them.-(Tacit. Annal. i. 7.) But Ca- the other to make the gesticulation.
ligula abolished this ordinance, by his Thus, as Livy and Valerius Maximus
example; for he was so extravagantly relates, a celebrated actor, named Ali-
fond of the pantomimic actor Lepidus dronicus, performing himself in one of
Mnester, that he embraced him during his pieces, and having become hoarse by
the performance, and beat, with his own repeating sereral passages which were
imperial hand, whoever made the least highly applauded, placed a slave before
moise. But the task of the pantomimist the musician, who recited the verses
was very difficult, and Lucian requires of while he himself made the gesticulation.
one who will distinguish himself in it, Lucian says, formerly the actor who re-
great knowledge of poetry, music, rhe- cited also made the gesticulation ; but
toric, philosophy and psychology-le- because the action bindered him from
mands, which the actors of the present breathing freely, and consequently in-
dav, will doubtless think very absurd. jured the pronunciation, an assistant was
Slith respect to the proper theatrical given to the actor, who recited for him.
representations, we must remark at the But both had to observe a certain mea-
outset, that with tbe ancients, poetry and sure. Above the verses the attitudes
Irusic were most intimately connected. were marked in potes, which the actor
In general the word music was taken (Histrio) had to follow in exact time.
in a more comprehensive acceptation, Seneca says, in his letters, one could
and Aristides Quinctilianus, in lis work not without astonishment see upon the
upon it, declares it to be the art which stage how the gesticulation of an able
proves the principles on wlich it pro- actor kept pace with the language, and
cccus, and teaches every thing relative so to speak, combined with it, notwith-
to the use which may be made of the standing the volubility of the tongue.
voice, and at the same time shews how We read in Ciceru's paradoxes, that a
to perform with grace all the motions of comedian, when he made a motion out
which the body is capable. Augustine of time, was hissed, as much as an actor
calls it expressly the art of graceful mo- who comunitted a fault in the pronuncia-
tion. Music, poctiv, as well as every tion of a verse.
thing that tends to form the person, With respect to the dress of the ac-
were among the ancients essential parts tors it was as diversified as the characters
of a good education : hence Quinctilian of the persons represented. Every thing
says (Instit. I. 12,) that without under possible was done to dress in a becoming
standing music a person cannot be a good manner, the actor who appeared in the
philologint, ipuch less a good orator. figure of a divinity or a hero ; they
Can pocian, adds he, of whatever find therefore gave him the Cothurnus, pro-
they are, be composed without music? perly a Cretan shoe, which consisted of
For one unacquainted with music was four cork soles laid upon each other, and
considered as a barbarian. Wish respect was at least four fingers thick: but ofton,
to dramatic pieces the declamation was in proportion to the whole, of much
written in notes, and composed. The more considerable thickness. The shape-


1819.] Observations on Theatrical Representations of the Ancients. 307
of the soles was originally four-cornered, shewed the face suited to the part.
though they were probably, at a later Another advantage attending them was,
period, rounded off according to the that female characters, which required
Shape of the foot. On the other hand, too strong lungs for a woman to be able
they sought to make the figure of the to fill sucb a vast theatre, could be very
actor more heroic hy placing on his head, well performed by men; so that it once
as we read, Pollux, (Onom. IV. 115, happened, (Aul. Gell. vii. 5,) that the
seq.) over the forchead of the mask a actor Polus, in the character of the
raised piece running to a point like a Electra of Sophocles (in the scene when
Greek A (pros was the technical term for she comes upon the stage with an urn
it; in Latin, superficies,) which was co- containing the ashes of Orestes,) ap-
vered with hair, and so formed into a peared with an urn which really con-
magnificent peruke. Besides those high tained the dear remains of his child,
shoes and head-dress, all the other parts lately deceased; and as he addressed the
of the body were stuffed out in due pro- ashes, was so moved, that the whole
portion. Lucian mentions false arm- audience was penetrated with the most
pieces, cushions for the stomach, &c. profound affiiction. With respect also
Over the whole was thrown the long to the ideal excellence of tragedy, the
Talar, with the train, (Syrma) which co- masks had a great advantage, by remov-
vered the Cothurnus, so that the hero, ing the representation froin the real and
50 dressed out, must doubtless have ordinary scenes of life to the higher rę
an imposing appearance in the eyes of gions of art. Whereas, we see only
the spectators. Four ells (eight feet) Mr. S. and Mrs. 0. which necessarily
was the usual stature of heroes on the destroys the illusion. They there really
stage; hence, as Atheneus says, a tra- saw a Hercules, an (Edipus, &c. In
gic actor, who in a procession of Antio- comedy, especially, the masks must have
chus carried the horn of Amalthea, produced the highest effect ; for the
measured four ells. The chief expres- masks were either true copies, or cari-
sion of an actor lies in the face ; it may catures of the originals represented,
therefore be supposed that the ingenious whose stature, dress, &c., were most
Greeks paid particular attention to this faithfully imitated. Something was in-
in their theatrical representations. For deed lost-namely, the expression of the
this purpose they used masks, which passions in the countenance, and the
were of the most various sizes and forms, sudden turning red or pale, which pro-
according to the characters of the per- duces a great effect; but then this is
sons. Thus the mask of Medea ex- also hindered in part by the rouge used
pressed ferocity, that of Niobe grief, by our players: this expression of the
that of Hercules pride and strength, &c. passions necessarily escaped most of the
Fathers, for instance, who were to be spectators on account of the vast extent
sometimes cheerful, sometimes melan- of the theatre ; and, lastly, the actors
choly, had a mask, of which one eye- knew how to remedy this defect, by ex-
brow was frowning, the other smooth, pressing all the gradations of passion
and they very dexterously contrived to with their eyes. Cicero and Quinctilian
shew always the proper side. In our cannot sufficiently praise their art in -
theatres we often see pieces in which this particular. Juvenal, in his 8th Sa-
the intrigue arises, from the confound. tire, speaking of Vero, says, the inasks,
ing of two persons, who in general are the thyrsus, and the robe of Antigone,
so unlike each other, that the spec. ought to be placed at the feet of the
tator cannot conceive how a mistake emperor's statues as so many trophies
can ever arise. In such pieces the of his great deeds. The emperor,
masks on the ancient stage were ad- therefore, it is cvident, had played the
mirable. For the spectator was him- part of Antigone in a tragedy. Sueto-
self deceived, he could not well dis- nius relates of him, that when he acted
tinguish two masks closely resembling the part of a goddess or heroine, he al-
each other, and therefore believed the ways wore a mask resembling the lady
more readily that the performers were with whom he was at the time in love.
deceived. Thus, too, wrinkled old ma. Aulus Gellius (v. 7.) commends the de-
trons of fifty (who, like the Roman S2- rivation which Cajus Bassus gave to the
bina, got their hair, teeth, &c. at the Latin word persona (mask, deriving it
toilet), were not seen, as on the modern from the verb persopare (to sound).
stage, to act the parts of young spirited For, adds he, as in fact the face and the
girls, or consumptire old men the parts whole head were inclosed in the mask,
wf first lovers. But the masks always and the voice could therefore issue only


308
Memoirs of the late Peter: Gule Faur. (May 1,
out of a single, very narrow opening, dor, and have lessened it by its elevation,
it follows that the voice, thus compress- like an eagle on an oak. Born for the
ed, must produce louder and more dis- mere diplomatic routine of office, they
tinct tones. We indeed see in the masks cannot expand their minds with the
on stones, coins, &c. always a very large spread of national intelligence. They
opening of the mouth. It is not impro- run through all the formal vocabulary
bable that the mouth of the masks was of senatorial phraseology, cridge at a
surrounded with inetal, forming a kind levee, diplomatize with princes, and beg
of mouth-piece, to increase the sound. you will accept the assurances of their
In later times they used thin pieces of high consideration, while the world is
a marble, which in sound resembled receding beneath their feet, and the
metal (Plin. Hist. Nat. xxxvii. 10), and portentous meteors of the times are
was therefore called metal sound melting the elements around them.
(za nogavos). They also used (Vitruv. v. Such, sir, are the ministers and what
5.) certain brazen vessels (echaca) on the are the opposition ? Not one whit better.
stage, which served instead of an echo. The former are in place, and the latter
They wore large hollow brazen plates, are out of place that is the only differ-
which were placed on the sides of the ence between them. As for the con-
stage. They had different tones, and inon distinction of Whig and Tory, I
were at equal distances. Pliny com- deny it. The wbig becomes a tory whea
plains that these vessels and arches con- he becomes a minister; and the tory
fused the voice of the players. Cas- grows a whig, when he is turned out of
siodorus, on the contrary, says, that office. For my own part, I am not an
the voice of the players became so full oppositionist at all. Far be it from me
and strong by their aid, that it could to interpose any obstacle whatever to
hardly be believed that the tone was the projects of the government. In my
produced by human lungs.
opinion, they are acting for the benefit
C.F. B. of the nation at large; and were I. in
Parliament to-morrow, should they ask
MEMOIRS OF THE LATE PETER GALE for twenty millions extra, I would, with-
PAUX,STENOGRAPHER AND PATRIOT. out hesitation, vote them forty.” (Here
WRITTEN BY HIS PRIEND AGATHOMP- there arose strong murmurs of disap-
SONIDES MUMPS.
probation.) “ Gentlemen may hiss,"
(Continued from page 226.) continued my friend, “but I ain much
IT is iinpossible for the English, or any mistaken if they will not applaud what
other modern language of which I ain I have said, as soon as they shall have
master, to express my profound astonish- heard my reasons. I repeat, then, that
ment, confusion, and dismay, at seeing ministers are serving their country most
my voung friend, Peter Gale Faux, get essentially; because the only way now
upon his legs after the last orator had left of serving it is by a revolution;
sat down, and, with the most imperturb- and a revolution they are most effect.
able ease, address the assembly as fol- ually bringing about by their extrava.
lows:--
gance, their oppression, their illegal acts,
« Mr. Chairman,
and their total imbecility," (Here my
“ ACCUSTOMED from my boyish days friend was cheered with ear-piercing
to keep the very best society, in conse. shouts of applause.) “Now then, gen-
quence of my having the unhappiness to tlemen, will any of you tell me that
be descended from a noble and ancient you really wish ministers to do their
family, I have listened with considerable duty ? No; every true lover of his
disgust to the vulgar cffusions of the country would wish to see them injure
gentleman in the dirty shirt. To refute that country; every man who would de.
his arguments would be quite impossible, sire to see it ultimately saved, must
because he who contradicts the evidence desire to see it previously ruined. This
of the senses, contradicts that pbysical is the secret hope of all those honest pa-
foundation upon which all moral super- triots who keep aloof from both parties,
structure is built. Rags, in his eyes, and who only hold back till both shall
arc robes, and starvation is fatness. I destroy the national resources between
shall therefore pass him in despair, and them. Take my poor advice-wait till
proceed to abuse the administration of old England becomes involved in a debt
the country. Sir, they have ruined that double the amount of what she owes at
country externally, internally, and in- present. On a moderate calculation,
fernally. They have cursed it with de- about ten millions of her people will
structive victories and with rotten splen- then be beggared by a national bank-


1819.] Memoirs of the late Peter Gale Faur.
309
ruptcy. Then these ten will easily put former; “ where will you find a plagia-
down the remaining five, seize the reins rism iu his works?” .
of government themselves, wipe off the “ In the first place," replied the
debt by act of Parliament, make a bonº other, “Goldsmith copies himself per-
fire of bank notes, institute the Agrarian petually. For instance, in his Citizen
law, enact universal suffrage, with the of the World, he says: "These poor
exclusion only of the five millions who shivering females, perhaps now lying at
were wealthy and prosperous under the the doors of their betrayers.' And in
old regime-and then, hurra for radical his Deserted Village these lines occur :
reform acd the sovereignty of the peo- "Where the poor, houseless, shivering fe-
ple!"
male lies.
My friend concluded his oration Near her betrayer's door she lays her head.'
amidst thunders of applause. He was "In les Citizen of the World, too, we
immediately surrounded by numbers of find this expression : « A land of grants
patrtots, who began to press their ac-
and a den of slaves;' which, you must
quaintance on him; and had he acceeded
remember, is also a line in his Traveller.
to all the invitations he received, he
received, be This couplet occurs in his Traveller
si
might easily have eaten from twenty to
also :
Iso-
twenty-five dinners on the following
day.
• And over fields where scattered hamlets
On our way home, I, being at that in
rose,
time quite unacquainted with the degree
In barren solitary pomp repose.'
of latitude which this oppressed country
try “ And almost a similar one in his De-
"
permits to the tongues of her patriots,
serted Village :
simply enough asked him, if he had not • Along the lawn where scattered hamlets
spoken treason?
rose,
“I don't know," replied he : « it is Unwieldy wealth and cumbrous pomp re-
all a matter of taste. One jury, whose
notions happen to be circumscribed, “At least," observed the other dis-
might call it treason, while another of a putant, you can discover no plagiarism
more liberal and elegant tact might call in Burns."
it patriotism ;-a man may either get “What say you to this verse ?" re-
hanged or crowned by such sentiments; plied he.
success is the only criterion. But this I "The mother may forget the child
can tell you, that ministers shall be That smiles sae sweetly on her knee,
turned out, or I shall be turned off.” But I'll remember thee, Glencairn,
When we reached my house, I found And a' that thou hast done for me. ,
some literary friends there before me,
“ Has he not evidently taken it from
u
who had come to sup, but whose ap-
this passage in Isaiah: “Can a woman
pointment to do so, I had, with my usual
forget her sucking child ? Yea, they may
absence of mind, entirely forgotten.
forget, yet will I not forget thee.' Eren
However, we soon dispatched supper,
el: Milton bimself sometimes borrowed from
and entered upon “the feast of reason
and the flow of soul." As I purpose
the classics ; though I do not recollect
that this line,
interspersing these memoirs with such "
amusing or instructive episodes as I Divided empire with Heaven's King I
think agreeable to the reader, I shall hold,
here record some of the conversation. « has ever been remarked as borrowed
Lord Byron was the first topic, and, like froin Virgil's epigram,
all other men of supereminent ability,
he was alternately deified or damnified. Divisum imperium cum Jove Cæsar ha-
“ He writes too fast," observed one.
bet.'
· “ What signifies the time he takes to "As for Pope, he picked up pretty
write," replied another, “if his works phrases and elegant thoughts, without
will last as long as time itself ?"
compunction, wherever he could meet
“ He plagiarises," remarked the first. with them; witness, in his Art of Criti.
“ So have all the first writers in every cisın, this line:
age and pation," said a third. “ But "For there's a happiness as well as care,
where he is original, he may be said to
be more original than any other author “which he took from Davenant, who
in our language ; and I will venture to says that poetry should have
add, that he copies less than any other "Towards its excellence, as well a happiness
anthor whom you can name.”
as care.'
“I will name Goldsmith," replied the “ The construction and idea of those so


310
[May 1,
Ghent in 1819.
much admired lines in his Elegy on "Then 'twould be greater, were it none at
au Unfortunate Young Lady, appear to all:'--
be borrowed from Ovid. I will re- « upon which the piece was instantly
poat both passages :
damned. Acres, in the Rivals, says:
• By foreign hands thy dying eyes were -' I tell you, the farther he is off, the
closed,
cooler I shall take my aim.'-- Then,'
By foreign hands thy decent limbs com- replies Sir Lucius, . I suppose you would
posed,
aim at him best of all, if he was out of
By foreign hands thy humble grave adorn'd, sight."
By strangers honored, and by strangers " That Hibernian failing -- blunder,
moura d.'
forms a very happy species of humour
Et jacet Euxinis votis romanus in oris, for our novels and plays,” remarked a
Romanorum vatem barbara terra teget: gentleman; “and perhaps the Irish cha-
Terra teget ratem teneros qui lusit amores, racter is better adapted for theatrical
Barbara cum geliais aluit Ister aquis.”” effect than any other.”
“ He might well copy Oid's thoughts
(To be continued.)
more than any other writer,” remarked
one of the company, “for he seems to
GHENT IN 1819.
hare studied his style more. Ovid MR. EDITOR,
vould have shone during the last cen-
AS English travellers have, of late
tury. He had all the point and false years, said but little concerning the Ne-
conceit which form the principal objec- therlands, perhaps the following brief
tions to the writings of that era. For remarks on Ghent, collected during a
instance, he says-
short residence in that city, may be
deemed worthy of a place in your use-
siliis, non curribus utere nostris ; ful publication.
“ which is a sort of pun; at least the It is not my intention to enter into
verb utere governs two substantives, so any description of the manners and
incongruous in their union, that the customs of the people, at least so far as
sentence has a ludicrous rather than a regards the higher classes of society, for
serious effect. Accordingly Pope has these are things which cannot be learnt
applied it more happily in his Rape of in a day. I shall therefore confine my-
the Lock:-
self to such matters as came fully within
Dost sometimes counsel take, and some- the sphere of my own observation.
times tea.
At first sight a stranger might almost
conclude that there are, no poor in
- Dryden's falsities of composition were Ghent. I had, however, anticipated the
not in this strain. He offended by the
very contrary. From the accounts I
thought more than by the expression. bad read of the distress of
had read of the distress of the labouring
When he says-
classes in manufacturing towns on the
• But ere a pripce is to perfection brought, Continent, I expected, on alighting
He costs Omnipotence a second thought,' from the coach, to find myself assailed
by a throng of hungry beggars; but to
o we are not alone shocked at the pro-
my astonishment I did not see one. I
fanity of the sentiment, but we see there
soon learnt the means by which this
is a gross blunder in making that which
happy transformation had been wrought,
is All-powerful, not powerful enough
and how the generous charity of private
to accomplish the whole of its object at
individuals, seconded by the wise mea.
once."
- liere is a line in one of Dryden's
sures of the police, had succeeded in
tragedics," said the former speaker,
banishing a scourge which is the dis-
e from which I think Sheridan borrowed
grace of modern society. I was delight-
ed to find, that in a populons commer-
an excellent hit in his Rivals. The line
cial city the problem respecting the ex-
is acconipanied with an anecdote, which
tinction of mendicity had at length been
may be worth relating. At the first
solved; the report of the magistracy on
representation of the tragedy, the Duke
the subject is a perfect model for com-
of Buckingham, an old enemy of Drv-
positions of that class; it presents, put
den's, was present: and as soon as the
into practice, all the measures which
performer repeated this line,
were formerly to be found only in the
My grief is great-because it is so small;' projects of philanthropists.
"the duke, from the stage box, cried
The day after my arrival I visited
the church of St. Bavor, which, in point
out-


1819.)
311
Ghent in 1819.
of decoration, is one of the most superb the drawing-room to the garret every
edifices I ever heheld. I admired the window is adorned either with vases or
spaciousness of the nave, the inagni- baskets of flowers. The poorest house.
ficence of the choir and grand altar, holder has his garden, his exotic plants,
the beauty of the pictures, the pomp of his scarce flowers, and his precious
the ceremonies, and the devout atten- shrubs. As to the botanical garden
tion of the numerous congregation. One it is the finest in Europe.
might almost suppose that the whole I know of no promenade comparable
population of Ghent assembled at St. to the Coupure. You must imagine an
Baron on Sundays and holidays, and extensive canal, with several elegant
that there was no other parish church in bridges thrown across it, bordered on
the city; yet there are many others, all either side by long avenues of trees,
nearly as beautiful, as splendidly deco- where throngs of promenaders, young
rated, and as well filled.
gentlemen on horseback, and ladies in
It appears to me that the drama is not open carriages, seem, on fine days, to
the ruling passion of the inhabitants of hold a general rendezvous. Add to
Ghent: I only once saw the theatre this, a cojobination of the most smiling
full. The boxes are more thinly at- and picturesque landscape scenery, with
tended than any other part of the house. all the elegance and brilliancy of an
Yet there are some excellent performers opulent city, and you may be enabled to
at the Ghent theatre. I was singularly form some idea of this delightful pro-
astonished at this indifference in a peo- menadle. The people of Ghent are cele-
ple who zealously cultivate the fine arts, brated for their taste for the fine arts;
and are passionately fond of music in yet all that has been said on that sub-
particular.
ject is even below the truth. In Ghent
The coffee-houses, on the contrary, there are architects, printers, sculptors,
are rarely deserted. They are the con- engravers, and musicians of the very first
tinual resort of men of every rank. The order; and they are liberally encou-
visitants of these places have an air of raged, for there are likewise amateurs
independence, frankness, and cordiality, and literary men capable of appreciating
and every thing presents an appearance and enhancing the merit of their pro-
of perfect comfort. The company are ductions.
provided with refreshments, card-tables, Numerous collections of paintings
newspapers, commercial and literary and engravings, cabinets of medals,
journals, the Petites Affiches, new pam- rooms for the exhibition of works of
phlcts, &c. It is usual to sup in the col- art, distributions of prizes, (which are
fee-houses. I know not what becomes always public ceremonies,) and learned
of the ladies all this time.
societies, tend to support the liberal dis-
It will be understood that I here al. positions of the people. Patriotism also
lude only to the better order of cofree has a share in premoting them, and emu-
houses, those of an inferior description lation and improvement go hand in hand.
are extremely numerous; though they During the year there are two flower
would not be styled coffee-louses in exhibitions, one open in summer and
other countries. It not unfrequently the other in winter, to which the numer-
happens that a stranger, deceived by the ous members of the botanical societv
sign, is surprised, and very little edified contribute. This insiitution is peculiar
by finding himself in a place very dif- to Ghent, and has served as a model for
ferent from what lie expected.
several other towns in the Netherlands:
The Canter, in the centre of the city, erery individual makes it a point of
is the rendezvous of fashionable pro- honour to send the two most remarkable
menaders. It presents a most brilliant plants or flowers in his garden, and
spectacle on Sundays, after mass. I have prizes are awarded to those who exhibit
scarcely ever seen a more numerous as- the rarest or most beautiful specimens,
semblage of beautiful and elegantly No one disdains to become a candidate.
dressed women. One of the avevues Flowers are even sent from the king's
of this promenade is, on Sundays, con- gardens, and such is the impartiality of
verted into a flower-market, where the decisions of the society of botany,
flowers are exhibited even during the that a poor farmer often obtains the
winter season. Flora is the favourite prize for which the most exalted indi-
goddess of the inhabitants of Ghent. viduals have competed. It would ap-
Every female, from the highest to the pear that this society is chiefly instru.
ło west rank, pays homage to her ; frumu mental in maintaining that taste for


312
May 1,
Practicability of Effecting a North North East,
botany so remarkable in Ghent, where ON THE PRACTICABILITY OP EPPECT-
more flowers are preserved during the ING A NORTH NORTH EAST, OR
winter season than the sun-shine of · NORTH WEST PASSAGE INTO THE
spring produces in more genial climates. PACIFIC OCEAN, WITH OB6ERVA-
I need scarcely mention the Agricul. TIONS ON THE VOYAGE OP CAPTAIN
tural Society; very little remains to be ROSS AND LIEUT. PARRY.
done by such an institution in the most · THE discovery of the mariner's com-
cultivated country in the world. Yet pass is one of the most important events
its members are by no means inactive, in the history of inankind. It remored
and their memorials are admirably the veil of obscurity which had preri.
written.
. ously shrouded the remote nations of the
· With regard to education, it is impos- East and the West from the knowledge
sible to conceive any thing more liberal, of Europeans. By means of this inesti-
or more in unison with the notions of mable invention, aided by the researches
the present day, than the universities of into natural philosophy, which a spirit
the Netherlands. They present a com- of acute observation, founded upon the
bination of all that was good in former unerring basis of actual experiment had
times, and all that is now still better. prompted, the true configuration of the
The university of Ghent, where almost earth was discovered, and the fact of the
all the professors are distinguished for rotundity of its form determined, by the
important works on science and litera- successive voyages of Americus, Magel-
ture, already enjoys the highest reputa- lan, Vesputius, and Drake. The voy-
tion. Consequently, even in the second ages of Vasco de Gama round the Cape
year after its establishment, the number of Good Hope to the East Indies, and
of students was very considerable. No the brilliant career of conquest pursued
expence or labour has been spared by by the Portuguese in those remote re-
the founders of this magnificent institu- gions, excited a spirit of enterprise and
tion. Cabinets of patural history, cul- adventure which distinguished all the
lections of instruments of philosophy, maritime nations of Europe. Difficul-
surgery, agriculture, and the mechanical ties the most formidable were then sur-
arts, a laboratory for chemical experi. mounted. The imminent perils which
ments, an observatory, a library, a bota- attended the navigation of unknown
pical garden (the one before mentioned) seas, the imperfect construction of the
nothing is wanting to render the estab- vessels employed in exploring them, and
lishment complete. Every branch of the melancholy results of some unfortu-
human knowledge is pursued by the nate voyages, only tended to cokindle
students; the lectures are given and the seal, renew the fortitude, and exalt,
listened to with enthusiasm. I attend to the highest degree of enthusiasm,
ed one of the courses. They are all de- that ardent desire of glory which glow-
livered in Latin, and I expected to un. ed in the besoins of these illustrious
derstand but very little. On the con- mariners.
trary, however, I did not find this college Amidst the great and splendid variety
Latin 80 barbarous as I had been led of pursuits to which the minds of men
to suppose ; nor does it appear that the at the close of the sixteenth, and at the
students dislike it, for they all speak it beginning of the seventeenth century,
with fuency. Certainly an Englishman were directed, a favourite speculation
might have wished to hear them in Eng- was the project of proceeding to the
lish, and it might probably have been East Indies by a north-east or north-
more agreeable to a Frenchman had west passage. Amid a crowd of navi.
they been delivered in his native lan- gators who entered zealously into this
guage; for it is undoubtedly easiest both schemc, the ablest, most fortunate, and
to teach and to learn through the me. persevering, were among our own coun.
dium of one's nother tongue. But what trymen. The coast of Greenland, from
language can be preferred to the Latin the 60° to the 20º parallel of north lati-
in a college, where the students are na- tude were successively explored, the de-
tives of England, Germany, Holland, solate region of Spitzbergen discovered,
France, &c. and to which no young man
* A Voyage of Discovery, made under the
can be admitted as a student unless he
orders of the Admiralty, in his Majesty's
understands Latin. It was necessary to
ships Isabella and Alexander, for the pur-
adopt some universal language, and cer-
pose of exploring Baffin's Bay, and enquir-
tainly none can be more convenient than ing into the probability of a North West Pas-
that which has been chosen.
sage. By John Ross, K. S. Captain R. N.
Murray, 410. PP. 495.


1819.) or North West Passage into the Pucific Ocean.
313
the straits which divide the island of had discovered (for the fact is now ques.
Nora Zembla from the frozen continent tioned) the Icy Sea on different nieri.
of Tartary ascertained, and the naviga dians of longitude; between the parallels
tion of the icy ocean, in that direction, of 69° and 71° north. In the year 1773,
coinpleted into about the 700 of east Commodore Phipps undertook his cele-
longitudz. Where the clue fell from brated voyage to explore a passage to
the hands of these intrepid Argonauts the North Pole, from the vicinity of
of the North, it was taken up and pur- Spitzbergen, but was arrested by a stu-
sued by the harde Russians. In boats pendous and iinpassable barrier of ice,
and other light vessels suited to those extending for upwards of 20 degrees of
dangerous seas, they continued their longitude. Captains Cook and Clerk
castward course until the hydrography were equally unfortunate in their at-
of the northern coast of Asia was gratempts to penetrate into the icy sea,
dually developed; and where the pro- through Behring's Straits ; but although
gress of the mariner was arrested by they failed in effecting the desired pas.
innumerable obstacles, sledges were at sage, their researches enlarged our
hand to transport hiinself, and the slen- knowledge of the north western coast
der materials of his bark, into a less ob. of America ; and those parts of that ex-
structed channel. At length the con- tended and interesting line which were
tiguity of the continents of Asia and not traced by Cook and Clerk, were suc-
America was discovered by the celebrat- cessfully and completely explored by
ed Behring, whose name is justly be- Vancouver, La Perouse, and other na-
stowed upon the narrow straits which vigators ; thus demonstrating that no
divide the eastern and western world. passage exists, in that direction, across
Thus it was finally determined, that no the Continent of North America into
continuous passage, practicable for mer. the Icy Sea.
chant vessels, exists along the northern Having proceeded so far in the re-
shores of Europe and Asia, and there. view of the historical part of our sub-
fore that scheme was relinquished. ject, it remains to deduce thosc import-
Whilst the discoveries were making to- ant conclusions which appear inevitably
wards the north-east, the genius of the to result from the various and abortive
age, iinpelled, with equal perseverance schemes for sailing by a north east, or a
and courage on the part of the under- north west passage into the Pacific
takers, a series of voyages to explorc Ocean ; availing ourselves, in the pro-
the north-west passage, Davis found gress of the enquiry, of the new and in-
the entrance of the great bay formed by teresting light" offered on this great
West Greenland on the one side, and question, by the parrative just published,
the eastern coast of America on the of the voyage of Captain Ross and Lieut.
other. Forbisher discovered one of the Parry; as well as of the ascertained
numerous inlets which conduct into the fact of the failure of the other Polar
Mediterranean sea of Hudson's Bay. Expedition, which was designed to have
Baffin explored the northern and eastern proceeded from Spitzbergen across the
parts of the head of the gulph discover. North Pole into Behring's Straits. It
ed by Davis, prosecuting his researches will disembarrass the discussion, if our
with a vigor, and recording the results inferences are stated separately, with
with an accuracy, which justly entitle respect to the practicability of effecting
him to hold a pre-eminent rank among a north east and north west passage.
the most celebrated navigators. He met It has been'argued that a very extra-
with an inlet in the western part of the ordinary disruption of ice has takent place
gulph, in latitude 740 30", which he de- on the coast of East Greenland ; that se-
nominated Lancaster Sound; but which veral whalers have penetrated to very
he had not the leisure nor the means of high degrees of northern latitude, name-
navigating. Hudson, Jones, and Mid- ly, to 83° and 84', and by some unauthen-
dleton, traced the western, southern and ticated accounts, to 86°, 87°, and even
northern limits of Hudson's Bay ; but 880 ; that there is reason to conclude the
could find neither strait nor opening sea to the northward of Spitzberger to
which led from that great inland sea be at some period of the summer free
into the Icy Ocean. In after times, from ice; and lastly, that, as it is highly
Hearne and Mackenzie, the former from probable there are are no extensive tracts
the most north westerly establishment of land near the north pole, the climate
of the Hudson's Bay Company; the lat- will becoine less rigorous in proportion
ter from those of the North West Com- as ve advance to the northward of Spitze
pany, discovered, or imagined that they bergen.
New MONTHLY MAG.--No. 64.
VOL. XI.
2S


314
Practicability of Effecting a North North East, (May 1,
Upon this statement we remark:-- Mr. Barrington by the statements of
1. That the position and extent of third parties, without his having had ac-
the ice accumulated upon the arctic coast cess to the journals or log-books of the
fluctuates in ditferent seasons-that the vessels themselves. But admitting even
degree to which it may accumulate in that such relations were, to a certain de-
any one season depends chiedy upon the gree, authentic, they would only prore
force and direction of the winds in the the possibility, under very peculiar cir-
early part of the summer : thus in the cumstances, of approaching the north
parallel of Spitzbergen, an alternate suc- pole twice or thrice, perhaps, in the
cession of westerly and south-easterly course of a century. They could not,
winds, blowing from the coasts of Green- however, afford a rational encourage-
land, and the continent of Asia, must in- ment to uther individuals to attempt a
evitably tend to inerease the quantity of measure, against the success of which
ice upon the shores of Spitzbergen ; in- there is such a fearful array of chances,
asmuch as they would waft hither the and this too, upon the allegations of
fresh water ice formed upon the coasts, Mr. Barrington himself.
and set at liberty upon the departure of
of
2
3. There is no direct proof that
the winter, particularly from the shore
any vessel ever did ascend higher than
of Siberia. "That, potwithstanding the
the latitude of 83 degrees north. That
continual presence of the sun from May
ay of the very small number of examples in
to August, in the latitude of Spitzbergen,
' which such a run has been performert,
and some occasional gleams of warmth,
there is not, perhaps, one which could
the mean temperature of the air in the
he adduced, wherein the sea was wholls
summer is ascertained to be below that
free from ice. That the records of all
which we commonly enjoy in the month
voyages in high northern latitudes prore.
of February; they being often overcast
that there is nothing more uncertain
with showers of hail and snow, added to
the frequent occurrence of thick fogs,
than the sudden appearance of an open
sea, after vessels have been beset and
which are always accompanied with
frost; so that it is impossible that the
embayed with ice; and that a change of
wind, or even the duration of the same
quantity of ice, generated in one winter,
wind, in some circumstances would again
could be dissolved in the ensuing sum-
mer by any continual atmospherical in-
speedily so encompass them. The only
testimony upon which, on such a suppoa
fuence ever observed in that climate.-
The occasional disruption, therefore, of
the increased temperature of the sea at
any extraordinary quantity of ice from
its surface, and at various depths, is ez-
the coasts of Spitzbergen and East
tirely wanting ; and with respect to the
Greenland, must arise from some acci.
reported warmth of the air in proceed-
dental cause, which, from the variety
ing northwards, that variation from the
of the event cannot prospectively be
general coldness of the climate is some-
relied on. It may be considered as
times proved to occur in an extraordi-
not invalidating that great elemental
law which connects the presence of con-
nary degree in Spitzbergen, wbilst the
navigation is interrupted by ice ; besides,
tinual cold, and the consequent obstruc-
the insularity of Spitzbergen alone would
tions to navigation, with the vicinity of
render it probable that the cold although
eternal ice and gloomy skies. but merely
e sufficient in its certain effects to impedie
is the result of the unusual prevalence of
the progress of vessels, would not egna!
particular winds and currents, leaving
the extreme rigour of the climate expe-
the primary causes of the production
and permanency of ice in hig'i latitudes,
rienced in Nova Zembla and the North
East Cape, or the coast of Siberia, or
in full and perpetual activity.
2. That the authorities upon which
:. eren in Labrador.
Mr. Barrington cites, in his pamphlet, 4. It is by no means proved that there
the successful efforts of the masters of are such extensive tracts of land dear
whalers to attain to very high latitudes, the North Pole. It has never yet, and
are neither so direct nor so satisfactory, probaily never will be ascertained, how
as to allow us to vield to them thai im- far the immense peninsula of Greenland
plicit faith to which they were considered lies towards the north. It is sufficient
to be entitled by their ingenious and in- here to ohserve, that upon its eastern
defatigable author. Some of the most coast it is known to extend to the lati.
remarkable of these instances appear to tude of 80°, and the head of Balfip's Bar,
rest upon oral and traditionary testi: which is the extrenity of the western
mon, or to have been communicated to coast, ret explored, is 799 30%. Lard


18:9.1 of North It ist Passage into the Pacific Ocean. 315
has also been discovered to the north utility, it might have remained unex.
Cast of Spitzbergen, in latitude 82 ; but plored.
whether it is a continuation of Green- The second branch of our subject re-
land, or a new land, is not determined. Jates to the probability of effecting a
A new coast has been likewise descried north west passage; and here it will not
to the northward of Cape Suvajoi, in be necessary to recur to the arguments
the Tartarian ocean, the extent of which already adduced in discussing the ques.
is unknown. It is well ascertained that tion of a north eastern passage, drawn
the trigorific influence of the winds de- from the serenity of the clinate, ia
pends much more upon the elevation which alone such a passage could be
and state of the land over which they sought with the least hope of success ;
proceed, than upon their direction froin as those considerations are equally ap-
the north, or the collateral points of the plicable in both cases. Neither shall
east and west, so that to the northward we abstract the substance of the narra.
of Spitzbergen, the south east and south tives of the different voyages undertaken
westerly winds wafted from Greenland with this forlorn hope. We shall take
and Tartary, would probably be as cold, our stand upon the record of the voyage
perhaps colder, than a direct north of Captain Ross and Lieutenant Parry,
wind. The supposition, that the climate and we trust we shall succeed in shew.
would be ameliorated in very high lati. ing, that this important question, on
tudes, beyond Spitzbergen, appears to which the attention of all Europe has
us to involve a grcat absurdity.
been fixed for ages, has been at length
5. Another obstacle as formidable as (for every beneficial purpose) resolved
any which have yet been enumerated, in the negative ; so far, at least, as re-
arises from the difficulties, if not the gards the shores of Baflin's Bay, on
absolate impossibility of steering a vessel which alope an opening, useful for com-
when arrived at the North Pole, from mercial purposes, could be expected. of
the circumstance, that, at extreme The instructions given to Captain
points, every course must be necessarily Ross by the Admiralty appear to hare
due south; that there could be no sea been framed with professional skill and
mark to direct the navigator in a situa. ability. He was directed to explore
tion of such unexampled perplexity; with the greatest caution every part of
that the benign ipduence of the polar Baffin's Bay, particularly its westera
star could be no longer felt; and, lastly, shores; to complete the hydrography of
that it is impossible even to conjecture this great gulf, and carefully to examine
to what extent the variation of the erery inlet; especially on the western
needle (if indeed it did not wholly cease side. Should he succeed in discovering
to act) might be carried.
a passage, he was then to sail with all
6. It has been ascertained by repeated possible expedition through the Strait
experiments of sea water, at various into the Icy Sea, and, keeping a conre-
depths, made during the voyage of Cap- nient distance from the American coast,
tain Ross and Lieutenant Parry, that, he was to procced to Behring's Straits,
at a great profundity, 700 or 800 fa- and pass the ensuing winter either at
thome, the thermometer was almost in- the Sandwich Islands or New Albion.
variably below the freezing point in the If he considered such a measure to be
midst of summer--if that season, in the safe, he was instructed as soon as
arctic regions, be not miscalled. Thus, the thaws would allow to retrace his
therefore, it appears, in contradiction to course along the American northern
the popular theory with respect to the shore, carefully observing the different
congelation of water exceeding instead bearings of the coast; and, if he found
of falling short of that of the super- it absolutely necessary, to winter upon
stratum process of freezing, would be, the coast. The vessels, especially
at the surface, in calon weather, rapid secured against the collision of ice,
and uninterrupted.
were, in all other respects, equipped
Upon these grounds, then, we con in the most complete inanner for the
tend, that a voyage into the North Pa- arduous service in which they were
cific Ocean, either across the north pole, to be employed. The sailors were se-
or by attempting a north eastern paga lected with the utipost care from those
enge, is either wholly impracticable, or who had had the greatest experience in
if it shou!rj be even accidentally accom- the whale fisheries. In short, from the
plished, would be found to have been unexceptionable testimony of Captain
attended with so many difficulties and Ross himself, no expedition of discovery
dangers, that for all purposes of practical that over quitted the British shores was


316
[May 1,-
Practicability of effecting a North North East,
better supplied with necessaries of all diate danger; but the fall of snow being
descriptions.
very heavy, its extent could not be seen.
It would be foreign to our purpose Neither the masters, the mates, nor those
and unentertaining to our readers, were
men who had been all their lives in the
we to analyse the narrative of Captain
Greenland service, had ever cyperienced
such imminent peril; and they declared that -
Ross during the early part of the voyage.
a common whaler must have been crushed
T'he grand enterprise could not be said
to atoms. Our safety mus: indeed be attri-
fairly to have conimenced until lie had
buted to the perfect and admirable manner
ascended the latitude of 74º. 30'. We in which the vessels had been strengthened
cannot here resist the temptation of when fitting for service.
presenting to our readers, in the words But our troubles were not yet at an end :
of Captain R. himself, an impressive, for as the gale increased, the ice began to
view of the perils which attend naviga- move with greater velocity, while the con-
tion in this icy gulph:
tinued thick fall of snow kept from our
As it appeared likely that our people sight the further danger that awaited us.
till it became more imminent; a large field
would be at work throughout the night, an
extra allowance of provisions was served
of ice was soon discovered at a small dis-
out; their labours were incessant till half-
tance, bearing fast down upon us from the
past one, when, being almost worn out with
west, and it thus became necessary to say
exertion, I allowed them rest till five. At
docks for refuge, in which service all hands
hall-past six the ice began to move, and the
were immediately employed; it was, how-
wind increasing to a gale, the only chance
ever, found too thick for our nine feet saws,
left for us was to endeavour to force the
and no progress could be made. This cir-
ship through it to the north, where it par-
cumstance proved fortunate, for it was soon
tially opened; but the channel was so much
th after perceived that the field to which te
obstructed by heavy pieces, that our utmost
were moored for this purpose, was drifting
efforts were ineffectual: the floes closed in rapidly on a reef of icebergs, which lay
upon us, and, at noon ve felt their pressure aground: the topsails were therefore close
most severely. A floe on one side of the
reefed, in order that we might run between
Isabella appeared to be fixed, while ano.
two bergs, or into any creek that might be
ther, with a circular motion, was passing
found among them; when suddenly the
rapidly along. The pressure continuing to
field acquired a circular motion, so that
increase, it became a trial of strength be-
every exertion was now necessary for the
tween the ship and the ice; every support
purpose of warping along the edge, that
threatened 10 give way; the beams in the
being the sole chance we had of escaping
hold began to bend; and the iron tanks the danger of being crushed on an icenere.
settled together. At this critical moment,
In a few minutes we observed that part
when it seemed impossible for the ship to
of the field into which we had attempted in
sustain the accumulating pressure much
cut our dock3 came in contact with the
longer, she rose several feet; while the ice,
berg, with such rapidity and violence, as to
which was more than six feet thick, broke
rise more than fifty feet up its precipitous
acainst her sides. curling back in itself. side, where it suddenly broke, the elevated
The great stress now feil upon her bow,
part falling back on the rest with a ter-
and, after having been again lifted up, she
rible crash, aud overwhelming with its ruins
Tras carried with great violence towards the
the very spot we had previously chosen for
Alexander, which ship had hitherto been
our safety. Soon afterwards the ice ap-
in a great measure, defended by the Isabella.
peared sufficiently open for us to pass the
Every effort to avoid their getting foul of
reef of bergs, and we once more found our-
each other failed; the ice anchors and cables selves in a place of security
broke one after another, and the sterns of The ships had made very little progress,
the two chips came so violently into con- when we were surprised by the appearance
tact, as to crush to pieces a boat that could of several men upon the ice, who were
not be removed in time. The collision was hallooing, as we imagined, to the ships;
tremendous, the anchor and chain plates the first impression was, that they were
being broken, and nothing less expected shipwrecked sailors, probably belonging
than the loss of the masts; but at this event- to some vessel that had followed us, and had
ful instant, by the interposition of Provi- been crushed in the late gale; we therefore
dence, the force of the ice seemed exhaust- tacked, hoisted our colors, and stood in for
ed; the two fields suddenly receded, and we shore. On approaching the ice, we dis-
passed the Alexander with comparatively covered them to be natives, drawn on rudely
Iittle damage. The last things that hooked fashioned sledges by dogs, which they con-
each other were the two bower anchors, tinued to drive backwards and forwards
which being torn from the bows, remained with wonderful rapidity. When we arrived
suspended in a line between the two ships, within hail, Sackheuse (the Eskimaux who
until that of the Alexander gave way. accompanied the expedition) called out to
A clear channel soon after opened, and them in his own language; some words
we ran into a pool, thus escaping the imme, were heard in return, to which a reply was


1819.)
317
or North West Passage into the Pacific Ocean.
again made, but neither party appeared to that the north west passage had appa.
be in the least degree intelligible to each rently been discovered by this sound,
other. For some time they continued to
and that Captain R. himself determined
regard us in silence, but, on the ship's tack-
upon abandoning the investigation at
ing, they set up a simultaneous shout, ac-
the moinent when the officers of both
companied with many strange gesticula-
tions, and went off in their sledges with vessels and their crews entertained the
amazing velocity towards the land. After most sanguine hopes of success.
they had attained the distance of a -mile or (August 29.) We shortened sail for the
more, they halted for about two hours: as Alexander, after we had made out the land,
soon as this was observed, the ship was and sounded in two hundred and ten fa-
tacked, and a boat sent to place an ob- thoms. Between Cape Charlotle and the
servation-stool, of four feet in height, on land, which bore south, a wide opening ap-
the ice, on which various presents, consist. peared; but the wind shifting to the west,
ing of knives and articles of clothing, were could not stand in to this opening to exo
left. Either, however, they did not see it, plore it, and therefore stood to the south-
or it did not attract their attention, and a ward; but at ten P. M. the wind changed to
second boat was therefore sent, with direc- the south, and I tacked and stood in the
rions to leave one of the Eskimaux dogs Bay. The gwell continued from the S.S.E..
with some strings of blue beads round his and at midnight the weather was very thick
neck, near the same place.
and foggy.
In the latitude of 750 304 Captain Aug. 30. The weather being still thick
Ross discovered a secluded tribe of Es- and cloudy, we continued to steer so as to
kimaux, differing only idiomatically in gain the middle of the opening, making
ahout a south by vest course; but the wind
language from their brethren in the
was light and variable, and not much pro-
southern parts of Davis's Straits, but
gress made. About four we had a shower
completely ignorant of the existence of
of of rain, and soon afterwards the fog cleared
any other tribe or nation. Shortly after away a little, and we saw two icebergs at a
his encounter with these harmless na considerable distance ; we then altered our
tives Captain Ross parted company with course in the manner most likely to answer
the last whaler, and here properly began for getting to the westward, and carried all
his expedition. He proceeded verging sail. About ten we saw the land, which
along the coast of Greenland until he forms the northern side of the opening, ex-
arrived at the head of Baffin's Bav, tending from west to north, in a chain of
which is situated in 77° 40' : passing
high mountains covered with snow.' Soon
two or three inlets, the approaches to
afterwards the south side of this opening
was discovered, extending from S. W. to
which were closed by an impassable bar-
S. E. forming also a chain of very high
rier of ice, but around which a belt of
mountains. In the space betweer, between
lofty mountains covered with snow, west and south west, there appeared a vel-
extended. It is evident, from the chart low sky, but no land was seen, nor was
which accompanies the Narrative, as well there any ice on the water, except a few
as from the Narrative itself, that Captain icebergs; the opening, therefore, took the ap-
Ross was not enabled to approach very pearance of a channel, the entrance of which
near to the coast which forms the was judged to be forty-five miles : the land
northern boundary of the Bay ; but the on the north side lying in an E. N. E. and
chain of mountains above-mentioned was
W. S. W. direction, and the south side
continued apparently without any fissure
pearly east and west.
unto the western, or American side of
merican side of Having had good observations for time,
the Bay. Captain Ross here gives it as
and a meridian altitude of the sun, the lati-
tude and longitude were accurately deter-
his opinion, that if any passage what-
mined; and at the same time, the bearings
ever exists in the north eastern extre-
of the land were taken and registered.
mity of the Bay, it is so perpetually Divine service was performed, and in the
closed up with firm ice, as to be com- afternoon the wind having obliged us to
pletely inaccessible to navigators. No- stand to the south side, we had an excellent
thing like an opening or strait was dis- view of the most magnificent chain of moun
covered in returning southward, down tains which I had ever heheld. These
the western side of Baffin's Bay, until mountains, and the cape which terminates
Captain Ross arrived at the entrance of them, and forms the eastern extremity of
Lancaster Sound, in latitude 740 30". the land on that side the channel, were
This part of the yovare is peculiarly in. named after Sir Byam Martin, in compli-
ment to my most esteemed friend the comp-
teresting, and we should do an injustice
troller of H. M. Navy; and the varioas
to the subject if we witheld Captain
capes and bays which were formed in this
Ross's account of his proceedings in his
track of land were named after his amiable
own words, particularly as the public family and nearest relatives, as a mark of
mind has been prejudiced by a rumour my respect and regard for them. These


318
(May 1,
Practicability of Effecting a North North Eust,
mountains, which take their rise at the sea Soon after midnight the vie! legap to
at Cape Bram Martin in the east, and from shift, and the ship came gradually up, en-
a low plain pear Catherine's Bay in the abling us to stand directly on the bay: I
Trest, terminate in sharp lofty peaks; and therefore made all sail, and left the Ilexao-
the rocks which form them being, on one der considerably astern. Al a little before
side or the other, and often on every side, four, A. M. the land was seen at the bottom
too perpendicular for the soow to rest upon, of the iniet by the oficers of the waich;tot
are distinctly seen above it, displaying the before I got upon deck, a space n atçu:
most remarkable as well as wonderful ap. seven degre-s of the compass was obscured.
pearances. In one place, nearly between by the fog. The land which I theo saw
Cape Fanshaire and Elizabeth's Bay, two was a high ridge of mountains, exiging
rocks, resembling human figures of a gis directly across the bottom of the iniet. Tas
gantie size, were seen in a sitios posture, chain appeared extremely high in the coutre,
oli the very highest peak; aid as it was and those towards the north had, at times,
considerably atore the clouds, their ap- the appearance of islands, being insulated
pearance was both extraordinary and inte- by the log at their bases. Althougb a pas-
resting
sage in this direction appeared hopeless, I
The snow appeared deen in the vallies was determined completely to explore it, as
of the interior, but the ravines next the the wind was tavourable, and therefore con-
sea were only partly filled with it; and the unred all sail. At eight the wind tell a little,
precipices tear the icot of the mountains and the Alexander being far astern I sound-
were perfectly bare. The low and level ed and found 674 fathoms, with a soitinuddy
tract of land which has already been describ- Lotion. There was, however, no current,
ed to form Catherine's Bay,was also periectly and the temperature of the mud was 291.
clear of snow, and was, to all appearance, Soon after this the breeze freshened, and we
the most habitable situation on the coast. carried all sail, leaving the Alexander, and
The rest of the day was spert in beating to steering directly up the bay. The weather
the westward, all sail was carried, and every was now variable, being cloudy and clear at
advantage taken of the changes in the direc- intervals. Mr. Beverley, who was the most
tions and strength of the wind. As the sanguine, vrent up to the crow's pest; and.
evening closed the wind died away, the at twelve, reported to me, that before it
Tribather became mild and warm, the water became thick, he had seen the land across
much smoother, ard the atnosphere clear the bay, except for a very short space The
and serene. The mountains on each side and to the south east was very distinct, and
of the Strait, being clear of clouds, had I had an excellent transit; and bearing off
beautiful tints of various colors. For the Cape Byam Martin, and Cape Fanshawe,
first time we discovered, that the fand es with the ship's head on the point of the
tended from the south, two-thirds across change, for the purpose of determining the
this apparent strait, but the fog which con variation, should no azimuths be obtained,
tinually occupied that quartet obscured its notice of which will be taken hereafter.
real figure; in this position we had good Although all hopes ver given up, even by
observations for time, and the dip sector and the most sanguine, that a passage existed,
kater's altitude instrument were used; and and the weather continued thick, I deler-
the temperature of the water at four o'clock mined to stand bisher up, and put into any
was 36 exactly in the centre of the month harbour I might discover, for the purpose
of the strait. The close of this evening of making magnetical observations. Here I
was remarkable for the appearance of Ca- felt the vant of a consort which I could em-
peila, the first star we had seen for twelve ploy to explore a coast, or discover a has-
vceks.
hour; but the Alexander sailed so badly, and
During this day much interest was ex. was so leerardly, that she could not safely
eiled on board by the appcarance of this be employed on such a service. Dunirg
strait; the goeral opinion, however, was, this day we shortened sail several times, to
that it was only an inlet. Captain Sabine, prevent our losing sight of her altogether,
*ho produced Balin's account, was of opi. As we stood up the bay tro capes' on the
rieni, that we were off Lancaster Sound, south side were discovered, one of which I
and that there was no hopes of a passage named alter the Earl of Liverpool; and the
min til we should arrive at Cumberland Strait; land was named Cape Hay, which formed
to use his own words, there was no indica: the boundary on one side of Catherine's
con of a passage.'-"no appearance of a bay before-mentioned. On the north side
errepi." "drift-vood, -- and “no a remarkable conical rock, the only island
sirel from the north west.” On the con- on this part of the coast was discovered, and
trary, the land was partially seen exterding named Sir George Hope's Monument, after
across, the yellow sky was perceptible; and my lamented friend, one of the lords of the
as we advanced. the temperature of the admiralty, who had recommended me for
vat's began to decrease. The mast head the command of this expedition, and whose
and crow's nest was crowded with those who signature of my orders, on his duath-bed.
Fere meet anxious, but nothing was finally was the last act of his valuable lile. About
decided at the setting of the sun.
one the Alexander being nearly out of sighi


1819.)
319
or North West Passage into the Pacific Ocean.
.
to the eastward, we hove to for half an hoor, in sight, and we steered directly for it; but
to let her come up a little ; and at half-pasé in approaching it we look up the whole forea
one, she being within six or seven miles of Doon, which was at intervals foggy. To-
us, we again made all sail. At half-past two wards noon preparations were made for
(when I went of the deck to dinner) there landing in a small bay to the northward of
were some hopes of its clearing, and I left Cape Byam Martin, into which the ship
orders to be called on the appearance of could just letch, and the signal to prepare
land or ice a-head. At three the officer of two hoats for exploring was made to
the watch, who was relieved to his dinner the Alexander, which had got pretty near
by Mr. Lewis, reported, on his coming into us. When within two leagues of this bay
the cabin, that there was some appearance it fell calm, and at one the brats were disa
of its clearing at the bottom of the bay. I patched under the orders of Mr Skene and
immediately therefore went on deck, and Mr. Ross, to take possession of the country.
soon after it completely cleared for about ten Captain Lubine, who thought the weather
minutes, and I distincuy saw the land, round too foggy for the dipping neerlie, went on
the bottom of the bay, forming a connected shore with the surgeon and bis assistant, to
chain of mountains with those which ex- collect specimens of natural history, and I
tended along the north and south sides. This directed Lieul. Parry, as soon as he came on
land appeared to be at a distance of eight board, to follow, and take command of the
lagues; and Mr. Lewis the master, and whole party, and to obtain if possible, some
James Haig, leading man, being sent for, observations for ascertaining the variation
they took its bearings, which were inserted of the compass.
in the log; the water on the surface was at
temperature of 34". At this moment I also My orders “to stand well to the north,
saw a continuity of ice, at the distance of had already been fully obeyed, and no cur
seven miles, cxtending from one side of the rent had, and if a current of some force did
bay to the other, between the nearest cave exist, as from the “ best authorities, we
to the north, which I named after Sir Geo. had reason to believe was the fact, it could
Warrender; and that to the south, which be no where but to the southward of this la-
was named after Viscount Castlereagh. T'he titude. As id my instructions I am also di
mountains which occupied the centre, in a rected “ to leave the ice alsout the 15th or
north and south direction were named Cro- 201h of September, or at latest the Ist of
ker's Mountains, after the secretary to the October," I had only one month left for my
Admiralty. The south west corner, which operations, in which month the nights are
formed a spacious bay, completely occupied long, and, according to a fair calculation,
by ice. wag pamed Barrow's Bay, and is not more than two days clear weather out of
bounded on the south by Cape Castlereagh, seven could be expected. It may, there-
and on the north by Cape Rosamond, which fore, with propriety be stated, thai I had
is a headland that projects eastward from the only eight rays remaining to explor fittin's.
high land in the centre. The north corner, Bay, a distance of above four hundari niles.
which was the last I had made out, was a Or this space nearly two hundred mes had
deep inlet; and as it answered exactly to the been examined, a range including the sup-
latitude given by Baihn of Lancaster Sound, posed space of the discontinuity of the con-
I have no doubt that it was the same, aod tinent; and that to which my attention had
consider it a most remarkable instance of been particularly called, and where the im-
the accuracy of that able navigator. Ata aginary current, which was to be my guide;
quarter past three, the weather became was to be expected. It is, perhaps, unne.
thick and uriseldod; and being now per- cessary to ödj, that under these circum.
fecely satisfied that there was no Lassage instances I was anxious to proceed to the spot
this direction, por any harbour into wlich where it must be evident I had the best
I could enier for the purpose of making chance of success. Yet my anxiety on the
gagnetical observations, I tacked to join other hand to leave no part of the coast up-
the Alexander, which was at the distance of explored, even after all hopes of a passage
eight iniles ; ard having joined her a little were given up, determined me to persevere
after four, we stood to the south eastward, as I did, potwithstanding there was no cur.
but the swell was so great, and the wind so rent, a material decrease in the temperature
badling, that the shiu's head could not be of the sea, and no driitwood or other indi-
kept against the sea; this swell was proba- cation of a passage, until I actually saw the
biy increased from our proximity to the barrier of high mountains and the continuity
margin of ihe ice, and it would have heen of ice, which put the question at rest. That
imprudent to have stood dearer under such I did so persevere became afterwards a
circumstances. About six it ! Dearly source of great satisfaction, as I was fortunate
calm for a short time, and we sounded with enough to succeed also in exploring every
the deep sea clamme, which brought up a part of the coast to the southward, to which
quantity of mud, in which were five worms niy attention was to be directed, and where
of a species that had not been seen before. I was led lo expect that the current was to
be found.
Sept 1. At four, 4... Cape Capella r'as Pursuing bis voyage to the south-


320
Practicability of Effecting a North North East Passage. (May 1,
ward, Capt. Ross carefully explored the The remainder of the voyage was not ac-
western coast from Lancaster Sound, companied by any remarkable event, and
without discovering the slightest vestige the vessels arrived safely in this country.
of a strait or opening, until he arrived From this brief but impartial abstract
opposite to Cumberland Straits, in lati. of Capt. Ross's Narrative, which is writ-
tude 63', which he regrets he was unable, ten in a plain, cuncisc and professional
from the lateness of the season, to ex- manner, without any pretensions to the
plore. Here, and here alone, docs graces and ornaments of composition, it
Capt. R. appear to entertain any hope is demonstrable that no passage can be
of a north-west passage being discovered found to the Icy Sea through any open-
we cite his own words:
jpg in the shores of Davis Straits or
Oct. 1. We stood off and on till day- Baffin's Bap, excepting, perhaps, through
light, wlien we made all sail for the land. Cumberland Straits. It is stated, elsea
At seven we made an island, which appeared
where, that every part of Hudson's
where that
to be at the distance of eight leagues from
Bay (into which Cumberland Straits
the land, which was seen to the westward of
it. About noon it became very clear, the
form the principal avenues,) was care-
land we past last night was, distinctly seen,
fully explored by Middleton, Moore,
and its bearings taken; at the same time Smith, Pickersgill, and Young, without
the island bore due west, and its latitude an- discovering any opening. Our readers,
stered to the Earl of Warwick's foreland. however, will perceive, that of the two
Between the land was seen to the westward bays into which Cumberland Straits di-
of this, and that seen to the north, there was rectly lead, and which form the northern
no land, and we had no doubt but that this boundary of Hudson's Bay, only one of
was Cumberland Strait. As we approached
them, namely, Repulse Bay,is completely
them nimely Rennleal
the entrance of this we found a strong lide defined in the maps. The shores of the
which, during the day, set round the com-
other are yet imperfectly delineated ;
pass, or in every direction. Several small
islands were also seen to the north and south
and it is, therefore, barely possible that
of the great entrance, which appeared to be a passage may exist through this last-
between 30 and 40 miles wide. The land mentioned bay, and that in peculiarly
was also seen S. \ W. In the morning the favorable seisous it may be traversed by
tide was observed to carry the ship to the ships specially equipped for the purpose ;
westward, and after noon to the south-east, but the severity of the climate (the rudest
at the rate of two miles an hour. As the 1st of any yet known,) the shortness of the
of October was the latest period, which by summer, the early approach of the win-
iny instructions I was allowed to continue
ter, the incuinbrance of enormous masses
on this service, I was not authorised to pro-
of ice, and the intricacy of the naviga-
ceed up this Strait to explore it, which per-
haps at the advanced season of the year
tion, would render such an enterprise
might be too hazardous an attempt; the one
the one of peculiar danger and difficulty ;
nights being now long, and the litile day. nor is it probable that any merchant
light we had, generally obscured by fogs or vessel would be found above once in an
snow, and the rigging of the ship covered age to pursue so hazardous, and, without
with ice. I thought it, however, advisable unremitting circumspection and extra-
to Bnish our operations for this season, by ordinary skill, so certainly fatal a route.
making Resolution Island, the exact silla- At the present juncture we hear no
tion of which had been laid down by Mr. tidings of the departure of any second
Wales. I therefore determined on steering
expedition of discovery to the north or
for the southernmost land in sight: we there-
north-west. And as governinent have
fore crossed the entrance of Cumberland
Strait, and, making an allowance for indraft. thought proper to propose in the Ga-
steered about S.S.E. It will appear that in zette a scale of remuneration to the
tracing the land from Cape Walsingham, crews of such vessels as may perform,
to doubt could be entertained of its conti- either who!ly or in part, the voyages in-
nuing until the place where we found Cum- tended to have been accomplished by the
berland Strait, which is much further south Isabella and Alexander, and the Doro-
than it was laid down from the latest autho- thea and Trent, it may thence be infer.
tities the Admiralty were in possession of; red that all attempts at future expedi-
but it is very near the place where Davis tions in those quarters have been cn-
placed it in his chart, which has been found
tirely relinquished to that hardy class of
since our return. From the circumstance
sailors the Greenland fishermen, who
of a current at the entrance of the Strait,
there is, no doubt, a much better chance of
possibly, are alone, from their peculiar
a passage there than in any other place;
habits and local knowledge, enabled to
and it was a subject of much regret to us, undertake and prosecute so doubtful and
that we had not been able to reach its en bazardous a scheme with the least chance
trance sooner.
of success.


1819.) Observations on a late Exhibition of Drawings in Chalks.
321
OBSERVATIONS ON A LATE EXHIBITION credit to the youag men, whose future
OP DRAWINGS IN CHALKS. interests are thus so wantonly and un-
WE have always been of opinion, that warrantably hazarded, by bringing their
every artist who endeavours to outvie names before the public to support a
his contemporaries, by the efforts of his system of empiricisin, cabal, and error.
pencil, while he does justice to their Of the remaining two drawings we are
merits, is advancing the interests of his also as modestly informed, in the cata-
art and contributing to its dignity. Such logue, that “These drawings of the
has been the commendable conduct of Fates and of Ceres and Proserpine, are
the president West through life, and very beautiful; they were executed in pub.
such the conduct that elevated HILTON lic at the British Museum, and belong to
to the distinguished eminence which he W. Hamilton, esq. of the Foreign Office."
holds in his profession. On the con- We notice these facts to show, that as
trary, an artist who seeks to raise a false the usual end of all exhibitions is, in
reputation, by writing and publishing the first instance, the effect of publicity,
puffs on bimself, and disseminating false these drawings had obtained that end
assertions to prejudice and lower his most fully before this shameless farce
brother artists in the public opinion, was attempted. Indeed we are gravely
degrades his profession and injures its told by advertisement, that they were
best interests in proportion to the de- universally admired before their present
gree of credit which his impositions ob- exhibition. We have now to add, that
tain. It is a public duty, therefore, to one shilling was fixed as the price of
check such attempts, and to expose the admission, and sixpence for a catalogue
false pretensions of men who seek to of those eight drawings. But of the
erect themselves upon the ruined reputa. receipts we cannot presume to say much,
tion of their competitors. In a system as there were only two visitors (the
of quackery, things, that are good in writer of this and his friend) in the ex:
themselves, may be productive of evil, hibition room during our stay!
and much perverted talents may bc shewn The Royal Academicians, the noble-
in the accomplishment of crooked and men and gentlemen of the British Insti-
sclfish projects.
tution, and the Society of Painters in
We are led to these remarks by the Water Colours, have been aecustomed
extraordinary appearance of an artist's to submit the original works of the Bri.
name in capitals, upon the gable ends of tish artists, with a silent and respectful
houses and the doors of public buildings, deference to public opinion, merely by
contending for mural celebrity with the marking the number of each picture,
posting bills of the Sieur Polito, Dr. its subject, and the name of the painter,
Eady, &c. &c. The painter, who was the in the printed catalogue. Sir Joshua
manager and proprietor of this exhibi- Reynolds, Gainsborough, Opie, and the
tion, opened it, for his own benefit and early and present academicians, and as-
the public good, at an auction room in sociated artists; the Marquis of Stafford,
St. James's street. After a fortnight, Lord Grosvenor, and all the other noble
he removed it to a room in Pall Mall. directors of the institution, no doubt
The number of drawings, in the cata- adopted this mode, from a consideration
logue, were eight, of which six were that it would be an insult to the con-
tasteful and spirited copies from the car- munity to anticipate their judgment;
toons of Raffaelle by three very pro- and, as it were, arrogantly to forbid
mising students, who were styled pu- their deciding on the merits or demerits
pils of the professional manager of this of the works of art submitted to their
show. The word “pupils” was calcu- inspection. Even the managers of
lated to impose a belief upon the public, the theatres, who possess, by right of
that these deserving young men-be- custom, from time immemorial, the pri-
cause they are now receiving his instruc- vilege of puffing, do not announce their
tions- have been all solely taught by the new pieces by a decision on their merits.
receiver of the exhibition money. Their They often puff a bad play or an indif.
drawings were executed in the British ferent actor after the first night, but
Gallery; and we are told in the cata- they do not begin to inflate the lungs
logue, by their present proprietor--speak- of the organ until after the public have
ing indirectly for himself, in praising the had an opportunity of forming an opi-
works of his alleged pupils--that they nion. The fallen state of the drama
there “made a great and decided im- has been, in a great degree, produced
pression on all classes,--" These copies by this odious abuse of the press. Men
certainly have much merit, and do great go to the theatres, deceived by having
New MONTHLY MAG.-No.61.
Vol. XI.
2T


322 Observations on a late Exhibition of Drawings in Chalks. (May 1,
read pompous praises bestowed upon vas, what he sees before him. We may
bad plays and bad actors; and they either confidently assert that every great artist,
applaud under false impressions, or they who possessed invention, began to exer-
are afraid to condemn what has been cise it early. Raffaelle began to paint
paragraphed upon them as first-rate ex- historical pictures for churches before he
cellence. These facts are notorious; was eighteen. We have no copies by
and we condemn this innovation in the that divine master, although we have
manager's catalogue of these eight draw- abundance of copies by the third and
ings, as being equally an insult to the fourth rate Italian painters. The mem-
public and an injury to the arts. The bers of the Royal Academy, and the no.
practice of thinking and judging for our blemen and gentlemen of the British In-
selves is the surest mode of acquiring a stitution, aware that works of original
just taste and a power of correctly es- invention and execution,alone,are worthy
timating the beauties of painting and of public notice, entitled to public ap-
seulpture. The great benetit of annually probation, and calculated to advance the
exhibiting the works of the British art. highest interests of painting and sculp-
ists is two-fold, that of obtainiug for the ture, have justly excluded copies from
artists the advantage of a free and un- their prices and public exhibitions.
biassed expression of public opinion, Sir Joshua Reynolds justly observes,
and of advancing the public taste, by “I consider general copying as a delu-
affording the visitors an opportunity of sive kind of industry; the student satis-
judying for themselves. But the re- fies himself with the appearance of doing
ceiver of the profits has thought proper something; he falls into the dangerous
to depart from this sound rule of prac- habit of imitating without selecting, and
tice; and, as a master who cxtols the of labouring without any determinate
works of his scholars is said to become object; as it requires no etfort of the
his own 11 umpeter, so be undertook to mind, he sleeps over his work; and
perform that office for himself by de- those powers of invention and composi-
ciding on the merits of those cight draw- tion which ought particularly to be
ings, in a printed catalogue of cighteen called out and put in action, lie torpid,
pages, without waiting for the judg- and lose their energy for want of exer-
ment of that portion of the public, to cise."-" How incapable those are of
whom he professed to submit the per- producing any thing of their own, who
formances of his alleged pupils.
have spent much of their time in making
We have now to notice another per- finished copies, is well known to all who
nicious quackery in this business. Sirare conversant with our art."--(32, v. i.)
Joshua Reynolds, and all other sound The late president, elsewhere, says,
authorities, are of opinion, that the “ the mere mechanical labour of copying,
habit of copying is injurious to inven- may be employed, to evade and shuffle off
tion. The art of making copies is a real labour, the real labour of thinking."
power of the eye and hand, independent (78, v. ii.) “ The great use in copying,
of mind or genius ; a purblind practice, if it be at all useful, should seem to be in
which may be attained by inen of ordi- learning to colour ; yet eden colouring
nary faculties. Amidst the heap of ab. will never be perfectly attained by ser-
surdity, impertinence, and false privci- vilely copying the model before you."
ples, which is to be found in the cata. (v.i.33.) We feel it our duty, therefore,
logue, the writer himself, contemptu- to expose this attempt, to give a false
ously, but justly, mentions--all copiers consequence to copies, and copyists, to
who can do nothing but copy, (p. 12). mis-direct students, injure the British
A person, without the acquisition of a school, and impose upon the public a
single original idea, may copy for half a false estimate of the means for the end.
century, and, like one, who is transcribing The propriety of copying to a certain
the characters of an unknown language, extent, to obtain a practical facility in
may produce a fac simile without com- drawing with the chalks, is a first prin-
trary, as soon as a student can handle ed by the British Institution, in bring-
his 'chalk with tolerable facility, he ing the cartoons for this purpose under
ought to begin drawing from the antique the constant contemplation of the stu-
and nature; from which every line of his dents is incalculable. The private view
chalk or pencil is an acquisition of sci- of these drawings, to mark the improve-
ence. He is obliged at each touch to ment of the students is, also, a spur to
invent, if we may use the term, à lan- emulation. But all these preparatory
guage to express on his paper or can- means of advancement require to be duly


1819.). Observations on a late Exhibition of Drawings in Chulks. 3:3
appreciated and limited to their proper deprived of the benefit in this instance ?
province. A custom of publicly exhibit- The arbitrary caprice, which is so pal-
ing copies, which can only be of value as pable in this partial and inconsistent
they lead to develop the powers of the conduct, must, if permitted to obtain a
mind in original invention, must be one wider influence, prove highly injurious
of those fatal errors, which, by substi- to the best interests of the British school.
tuting the means for the end, and ena. It is in vain to expect a good where prin-
bling men of no genius to obtain public ciple is made to give way to the will and
reputation, at a cheap rate, must be temporary passions of an individual.
pregnant with the worst consequences This artist's great outcry against the
to the fine arts.
academy began because the committee
The eight drawings in this exhibition did not hang one of his pictures in the
catalogue, are by William Bewick and great room at Somerset House, in 1809;
Thoinas and Charles Landseer, who, and yet, with all the wonderful good to
without any explanation or reserve, are be produced by this exhibition of draw-
therein termed by the manager, his ings, we did not see the drawings of
pupils, how truly in the full sense of the ChrisTMAS, one of his most advanced
word, the following statement of facts supposed pupils, hung up with the rest.
will show. Charles Landseer was ad. A difference is stated, and a complaint of
mitted as a probationer in the Royal Something like harshness and an unjus-
Academy, Jan. 10, 1816, and received as tifiable stretch of authority, is abroad.
a student Aug. 9, in the same year. W. Did a personal feeling, on either side,
Bewick was admitted Jan. 7, 1817, and exclude or cause the absence of Chris!-
became a student on the 26th of March mas's drawings? There is no proof that
following. The Landseers are a family they were excluded through resentment
of talents. Thomas, a young artist of or narrow policy, or withheld by the
great hopes, was not a pupil of the student through considerations of pru-
Academy ; but a third brother, Edwin, dence. But we may ask, was a fair and
the celebrated animal painter, was ad equal opportunity given to Mr. Christ-
mitted a probationer Jan. 10, 1816, and mas, by requesting him in January or
received as a student Aug. 9, in the February last to send in his drawings, or
same year.
when this catalogue and exhibition were
A narrow, monopolizing spirit is, also, planned ? This question does not relate
visible in this novel species of show. to the request made to him many months,
Only the eight drawings by three of the and nearly a year before, to part with,
manager's present pupils are noticed in or sell his drawings. The charge of -
the catalogue, and their names only are this manager, in 1809, against the royal
inserted in it, although there were several academicians, did not amount to an ex-
excellent original drawings of the ex- clusion of his painting from the exhibi
tremities of the human figure and ana- tion at Somerset House, but to their
tomical studies, by Messrs. Webb, Chat- having hung it up in the anti-chamber,
field, and (we believe) Hervey, exhibited instead of the Great Room. He, who
in the room. So that, although the made this so heavy a crime against him-
manager deemed these original drawings self, ought to stand clear of every thing
worthy of being exhibited, and that his like an exclusive spirit in his exhibition.
exhibition derived a benefit from their Sometimes the railer against oppression
being on public view, he excluded the is, himself, where he has power, the
drawings and the names of these stu- greatest despol, and can brook no grow-
dents from their due right and place in ing rival near the throne. We cannot
the catalogue. There can exist no just but remark, that it is with the most ad-
ground whatever, why the names and vanced of the supposed pupils, the ma-
drawings of these three students are nager has differed and separated. Christ-
thus excluded from all record and notice mus is the only one of them who has
in the printed catalogue, while the eight painted an historical picture; and
drawings of the other three occupy the while the receiver of the profils was af-
whole of a sixpenny tract of cighteen fecting to bring forward Bewick and the
pages. If the detailed description was Landseers' drawings (all copies but luo)
productive of a benefit to the public, or at his exhibition in St. James's street,
to the three students, whose eight draw- he had the modesty and consistency to
ings were so amply noticed, why was address an unprecedented letter to the
their due share of benefit withheld from Directors of the British Institution, in-
the three students, whose drawings are terfering his opinions between them and
wholly omitted, and why were the public Mr. Christmas's ORIGINAL HISTORI-


Vege Literariæ.
[May 1,
324
CAL picture of Jeremiah properring to artificial gloss, a seductive and merett-
Baruch, then exhibiting in the British Gous ornament, of which its primary
Galers! Who can bear this ustestraor- paritr bad no need. Gray, in a letter
dinary proceeding witbout ediertain ng i his friend West, very pertinently re-
a conviction that the vigilant eve of pub- marks, that “the language of the age is
lic impartiaüts, a constant investigation Dever the language of poetry, and wide
and watchiulless, are necessary to zard can be a pore cun incing proos
against misrepresentation, enchach- truth of this afirmation than the late
ment, and the growth of a pernicious cuage of Shakespear, which is certam
systein.
W.C.
his greatest excellence, most of his epi-
thets being in themselves pictures.
NCGE LITERARLE.
No. 1.
SUSCEPTIBILITY THE SOCRCE OF OUR
JOYS AS WELL AS OUR SORROWS.
POPE.
Persons of retined understanding,
IN the course of his translation of though ther hare many griets to contend
Homer, Pope has, in a great rariets of witb-griefs which appear more severe
instances, and sometimes not unhappils, in proportion to the elevation of their
availed himself of the opportunity of in-
For in- souls-ret are thes susceptible of many
terwearing with his version, applicable jove entirels distinct from, and superior
passages from our best poets : perbaps to those which fall to the lot of common
in rendering the following line, Milton mortals. To such the surs of lite may
was his model-
be said less to offend their tastes than
He wob. Thiu ao prija ota Ttuslari. the su ceis delight it.
Tiad, B. 10. L. 6. When sorrow rounds the feeling heart,
Or bids the brazen throat of war to roll. It seems as tho' its keedest dart
Pope. Inflicted there the pain ;
But what he may have here gained in But let us not enquire the cause
strength he has lost in accuracy : Homer Nor Him who gave all nature laws
bays nothing about brazen. Milton has
Presumptuously arraign-
a line which appears to have tempted
For, by the self same rule, the soul,
him to use this epithet
Most open to its dark controul,
No tame, trite medium kpows;
The brazen throat of war had ceased to But when the sun of pleasure beams,
roar.
P.L. B. XI. 1. 713. Like a vast shield takes all its gleams,
In his translation of the following Till it as brightly glows!
passage, also, Pope appears to have re- ON THE UXGENEROUS STYLE OF CRITE
borted to the same noble source for an CISM WHICH PREVAILS AT THE PRE-
improvement on his original :-
SENT DAY.
Ως εφαθ' οι δαρα παντες ακης εγενοντο σιωπη, It is a prevailing clasfoτη With Certil
Καληθμα δ'ισχυτο κατα μεγαρα σκιρέντα. critics of the day, in order to conciliate
Odys. B. 13. I. 2. popularity, to expose genius to the ma-
Ile ceased; but left so pleasing on their ear lignant grin of envious fully, and by low
His voice, that list’ning still they seemed to and vulgar parody, to endeavour to throw
hear.
contempt upon productions which they
A pause of silence hush'd the shady rooms. might strive in vain to emulate. It was
The angel ended : and in Adam's ear
Pope. once the custom to judge of poetry and
So charming left his voice, that he awhile,
the drama by rules drawn from nature ;
they are now not judged, but conden
Thought him still speaking, still stood fixed
to hear. Milton, P. L. B. 8. 1. 1.
ed in epigrams manufactured by art, and
impromptus over which weeks have been
It is singular enough that Pope who expended; and the poet and actor are
has expressed his adroiration of the com- treated like a couple of whetstones, on
pound epithets which so frequently oc- which the periodical critic sharpens the
cur in Homer, should so entirely have edge of his wit. The ungenerous style
disregarded them in his own composi- of criticism here alluded to is now be-
tions. He very aptly and elegantly ob- coming so much the rage, that country
serves, in the preface to his Iliad, that gentlemen, and persons of confined un-
“ as a metaphor is a short simile, so one derstandings, are at a loss to know when
of these epithets is a short description." the strictures are intended to be taken
They are indeed, what Aristotle has so seriously, and when they are meant as
beautifully and emphatically donominat- jokes. That a very slender portion of
ed them lioing words. In the new mo- talent will enable a man to establish a
deling the language of verse by Pope firm of his own, and review upon this
and his adherenti, thcy have given it an priuciple, is sufficiently evident, and to


1819.)
Nuge Literaria.
323
stay ;.
this circumstance may probably be the passage now quoted is too strong to
ascribed the prevalence of a custom, have been the mere effect of chance :
which has of late gained so much ground
Comparison.
in the literary world.
The lapse of time and rivers are the same:
Both speed their journey with a restless
A man must serve his time to every trade,
stream:
Save censure, critics all are ready made.
The silent pace with which they steal away,
Take hackneyed jokes from Miller got by No wealth can bribe, no prayer persuade to
rote,
With just enough of learning to mis-quote; Alike irrevocable both when past,
A mind, well skill'd to find or forge a fault, And a wide ocean swallows both at laste
A turn for punning-call it attic salt;
Fear not to lie, 'twill seem a lucky hit,
Cowper.
Life glides away, Lorenzo, like a brook,
Shrink not from blasphemy, 'twill pass for
For ever changing, unperceived the change;
wit;
In the same brook none ever bathed him
Care not for feeling, pass your proper jest,
twice:
And stand a critic, hated, yet caress'd.
To the same life none ever twice awoke.
The Edinburgh Reviewers were the We call the brook the same, the same we
harbingers of this kind of warfare, and
think
their ridicule of the first efforts of Lord Our life, but much more rapid in its flow;
Byron's muse gave rise to the animated
to the animated Nor mark the much irrevocably lapsed
satire from which the foregoing verses
And mingled.
Young.
EPITAPHS.
were extracted.
Many of the noblest passages in the
Nothing is more barbarous than those
poetry of the day are often undermined
mixtures of verse and prose, of Latin
by the critic's contriving to raise vulgar
and English, of narration and common-
and ridiculous notions in the mind of the
place morality, which appear in our
reader ; and though his words in reca-
churches and church-yards. A Gothic
pitulating the subject may express the
arch, supported by Corinthian pillars, or
same idea, it is with this simple differ-
a statue with painted cheeks, and a hat
ence, that what in one excites feelings of
and wiy, could not be more absurd. I
sympathy and respect, will, on the other
never heard of a Greek inscription at
hand, produce no sentiment but con-
Rome, or a Latin one at Athens. La-
tempt. To simplify what is here meant,
tin is, perhaps, more durable than Eng-
melancholy may be wittily denominated
lish, and may therefore be used in those
the “sulks ;" resentment, metamorphos-
inscriptions which we place on the foun-
ed into “pet;" a steed, a “nag ;' a
dation stones of bridges, &c. for these
feast, a "jupketing ;' and sorrow and
it is presumed will not be read till a
affliction, « whining and blubbering."-
thousand years hence, when all our mo-
Such critics have, somewhere, been com-
dern languages will probably be unin-
pared to a brow-beating pleader in a
telligble. But I can not but think that
court of law, who, after he has indulged
English epitaphial inscriptions, exposed
himself in agreeable irony on the profes-
to wind and weather, will be understood
sion, manner of life, look, dress, and quite as long as they can be read. As
even name of the witness he is examin- to
into the species of composition best adapt-
ing-and when he las raised a contemp-
ed for the purpose, Boileau says, that
tuous opinion of him in the minds of the ep
epitaphs “ doivent etre simples, courtes
court and jury-proceeds to draw an-
et familières.” One of the most simple
swers from him capable of a ludicrous
and pleasing specimens I have ever met
turn, and carves and garbles these so as
with is the following, copied from a
to effect his purpose.
tomb-stone in the church-yard of Run-
corn, in Cheshire:-
PLAGIARISM OF COWPER.
This stone was erected by Æneas Morrison, the
It is very remarkable, that Cowper, husband of Janet Morrison, to designnte the spot
. where her remains are deposited ; that her infant
should have neglected to mention Young
children, when they shall have attained a more
-since the Task, and several of his seri-
mature age, may approach it with reverential awe,
and pledge their vows to Heaven to respect her
ous pieces, afford a strong presumption
memory by imitating her virtoes.
of his having read attentively and ad There is a beautiful thought, coarsely
mired the “ Night Thoughts." Many and ungrammatically expressed upon a
coincidences are to be met in the stone in Edgbaston church-yard, over
writings of these two poets, some of the remains of an idiot girl; which has
which have the appearance of being acci- been thus versified :-
dental, whilst others bear the stamp of If the innocent are favorites of Heaven,
decided imitation. The resemblance in And God but little asks where little's given,


326
Nugæ Literariæ.
(May 1,
My Great Creator hath for me in store
So Marlow, in his translation of Ovid's
Eternal joys! what wise man can have Art of Love-
more?
For Jove himself sits in the azure skies,
On a tablet in the garden of New-
And laughs below at lovers' perjuries.
stead Abbey, the ancestral residence of
In an old play, the title of which 1
the Byron family, are the well-known
“ Lines to the memory of a Newfound-
have forgotten, I remember to have met
land Dog,” preceded by this singular in-
with a beautiful antithesis to these pas-
scription :
sages:-
Near this spot
When lovers swear true faith, the listening
Are deposited the remains of one,
angels
Who possessed beauty without vanity,
Stand on the golden battlements of Heaven,
- Strengch without insolence,
And waſt their vows to the eternal THRONE.
Courage without ferocity,
And all the virtues of man without his vices
HAMLET.
This praise, which would he unmeaning fattery, The character of Hamlet, though per-
finscribed over human ashes,
fectly natural, is so very uncommon,
Is but a just tribute to the memory of
that few, even of our critics, can enter
Boatswain, a DCG,
Who was born in Newfoundland, May, 1808,
into it. Sorrow, indignation, revenge,
And died in Newstead, Nov, 18, 1813. and the consciousness of his own irreso-
JOHNSON'S PRAYERS
lution tear his heart--the peculiarity of
Undoubtedly possess much merit; but his circumstances often obliges him to
the best passages are taken from the counterfeit insanity, and the storms of
“ Book of Common Prayer," which is passion within him, often drive him to
an inexhaustible fund. There is, how. the verge of real madness: this produces
ever, in publishing one's own devotion a situation so interesting, and a conduct
and alms, something so very like “ pray so complicated, as none but Shakspeare
ing upon the house-top," that I can could have the courage to describe, and
scarcely believe Johnson would have few will ever be able to exhibit superior
consented to it, till the want of health to Young, whose correct conception of
had somewhat impaired his faculties. this character may be looked upon as a
Many of the memoranda cannot be read master-piece in the present world of
without pain and pity; others are of a acting.
different character. To set down in a SINGULAR LITERARY MISTAKE.
devotional diary-"N.B. I dined to-day in the History of France, by the Be-
upon a herring and potatoes,” is a most nedictines, there is a passage, in which
extraordinary incongruity.
they say that “they are ignorant where
ILLUSTRATION OF AN ARABIAN PRO- Gesner found that William the Con-
VERB.
queror wrote a treatise concerning the
The Arabians have a proverb-“Horo day of the lost judgment." It is evident
cheap the camel would lie if that cursed that this must have been a blunder aris-
thing did not hans on its neck," which is ing from the title of the Doomsday
said to have originated in the following Book; and must have originated from
circunstance:- An Arab, who had a a careless inspection of Bale, whose
vicious camel, swore, in a passion, that catalogue of the works of William (if
he would sell it for a dirhem, or his wife they may be so termed) commences
should ever be barren. He soon repent with the words “ diem judicii, lib. i."
ed of his vow, yet to keep to the letter which are, however, connected with
of it, he thought of this curious method the preceding sentence, so as sufficiently
of breaking it in spirit. He hung a cat to explain their meaning to any reader
round the camel's neck, and then had it who takes the trouble of perusing the
cried, “ The camel for a dirhem, the cat whole.
for 400, but both must be bought toge-
GRAY,
ther," The passengers exclaimed - The extensive erudition of Gray, the
How cheap the camel would be if that various and distant sources from which
cursed thing were not hung round its he derived his allusions, and the felicity
neck. And this speech is since become a or dexterity with which he melted them
proverb, which is applied to things seem- down into a mingled and scarcely dis-
ingly cheap, but which can only be ac- tinguishable mass with his own concep-
quired through great sacrifices.
tions, entitle his poetry, perhaps above
MARLOW AND SHAKESPEAR. that of every other modern, to a rario
Shakespear's Juliet says-
rum edition.
. At lovers' perjuries
A very extraordinary coincidence oc-
They say Jove laughs."
curs between a passage in the beautiful


18 19.]
327
Nuge Literarice.
“ Elegy" of Gray, and a sentence in Next him went Fear, all armed fro:n top
Bishop Hall's Contemplations :
to toe,
Yet thought himself not safe enough
Full many a gem, of purest ray serene,
The dark unfathomed caves of oceart But feared each shadow moving to and froe,
thereby;
bear;
And his owne arms when glittering he did
Full many a flower is born to blush unseen,
spy,
And waste its sweetness on the desert air.
Or clashing heard, he fast away did fly.
Gray.
Spenser.
There is many a rich stone laid up in the Beloved! till life can charm no more,
bowells of the earth, many a faire pearle in And Pity's self be dead.
Collins.
the bosom of the sea, that never was seene, And her eternal fame be read
nor ever shall be.
When all but very VIRTUE ’s dead.
Bishop Hall's Contemplations, B. vi. f. 872. When
Lorelace.
The following, referred to the same The redhreast oft at evening hours
lines of Gray, bear more decisive marks Shall kindly lend his little aid,
of imitation:-
With hoary moss and gathered flowers
How gay they smile! such blessings nature
To deck the ground where thou art laid.
Collins.
pours,
O'erstocked mankind enjoy but half her Covering with moss the dead's unclosed eye,
stores,
The little redbreast teacheth charity.
In distant wilds, by human eyes unseen,
Drayton.
She rears her flowers and spreads her vel-
ANTICIPATION.
vet green;
The anticipation of happiness to come
Pure gurgling rills the lonely desert trace often affords more pleasure than the
And waste their sweetness on the savage absolute possession of it, and is at all
race.
Young, Sat. v. times the most certain enjoyment; as
THOMSON'S CASTLE OF Indolence.
we hope in ideu what we are not always
doomed to experience in reality. The
The mock solemnity and antiquated
spring is therefore a pleasanter season
air of the “ Castle of Indolence" render
than Uie summer: the first whets the
it one of the happiest applications of the appetite by promises, the latter dulls it
Spenserian stanza. Its principal attrac-
tion, excepting the poetical splendour of
thought with which it abounds, is that
RELIGION.
It is surely impossible to understand
humourous affectation of gravity and
on of gravity and the doctrines of our religion and not
quaintness, w bieh the author has so well wish, at least, that they may be true;
succeeded in imitating from his great for they exbibit the most exbilarating
original ; in whose style the grotesque views of God and his providence; they
and the sedate, the lofty and the mean, recommend the purest and most perfect
the humourous and the sad, are so har- morality; and they breathe nothing
moniously blended, that whether it is throughout but benevolence, equity, and
the nature of the verse itself, or a con-
peace; one may venture to affirm, that
sequence of the prejudices connected
with it, but certain it is, that nothing who did not find it so.
no man ever wished the Gospel true,
but the wild and remote, the allegorical
HOPE
and the romantic, appear in it with be- Predominates in youth, who are always
coming effect. The “ Castle of Indo- less willing to indulge in unpleasing
lence" has never been so popular as his
thoughts, than to contemplate their pro-
“ Seasons," doubtless on account of its
bable share of unhappiness in the pe-
allegory; but, as a poetical composition, riod before them. The world to them
it is as much superior to the other
appears enameled, like a distant pro-
poems of Thomson, as “the School spect, whose beauties are so heightened
mistress" of Shenstone is to the rest of
by the reflection of a setting sun, that
his meagre and uninteresting perform- its inequalities are only to be discovered
ances,
upon a much nearer inspection.
COINCIDENCES BETWEEN COLLINS AND
NOVEL PUNISHMENT.
OTHER WRITERS.
The Emperor Claudius was so fond
First Fear his hand its skill to try
of backgammon, that Seneca says his
Amid the chords bewildered laid,
punishment in hell will be to play con-
And back recoiled, he knew not why, tinually with a bottomless dice box-
E'en at the noise himself had made.
Collins.
Ludere perluso fretillo et fugientes tes-
seras semper quærere.
inance.


3:28
Mr. Tredgold on the Decay of Timber. [May 1,
DR. JOHNSON
the object of inquiry within parrower
In allusion to a passage in Johnson's limits, and consequently render it more
Dictionary, which states that H seldom, easy for others to pursue the subject :-
perhaps never, begins any but the first and, if a preventive be sought, it is much
syllable,Wilkes observed that the Doctor less difficult to ascertain what will an-
must be a man of quick apprehension and swer the purpose.
of a most comprehensive genius.
The decomposition or decay of timber
appears to originate from different
ON THE DECAY OF TIMBER, THE DE causes, the operation of each being at-
STRUCTIVE EFFECTS OP FLOATING tended by phenomena peculiar to the
TIMBER IN THE DOCKS, AND ON THE species of decay. Like all other kinds of
DRY ROT.
natural decomposition, it is a change
MR. EDITOR,
produced by chemical affinity, which
THE rapid decay of timber, particu- differs from the operations of the labo-
larly in structures that have been erected ratory only in the time that is necessary
within the last century, lias excited much to complete the change. A description
attention. Various remedies have been of the changes produced in timber by ex-
proposed to stop the progress of a grow- posing it in different ways to the action
ing evil---an evil, which scarcely a house of water, alternate dryness and moisture,
holder in this metropolis can say he is &c. &c. that is, a history of the progress
perfectly secure against; and yet little of decomposition is much wanted, and
has been effected either in preventing or could it be accurately detailed, it would
removing it.
certainly contribute materially to clear
It appears the best and most rational the subject of the mystery that now is
method of proceeding, to inquire what apparently so difficult to remove.
is the cause, and the nature of this pecu- It is certain that no compound of so
liar species of decay, commonly called the complicated a nature as timber will re-
dry rot, and in what respects it differs main perfectly the same in any state,
from all other kinds of decay to which whether wet or dry; for we find that
timber is subject.
when timber is kept perfectly dry it be-
It has, by some persons, been supposed comes brittle, and however long it may
to be a new disease, (if a disease it may endure in a state of rest, it becomes un..
be called) and that it was wholly un- fit for other purposes.
known to our ancestors; but surely they A lso when timber has been long ex-
inust be much mistaken in this supposi- posed to the action of water, a certain
tion ; because timber, under the same portion of its soluble principles appears
circumstances, will always undergo the to be removed—as when it is dried, to
same changes. If it did not, there use a workman's expression, its nature
would be no advantage gained by che- is gone," and however durable it might
inical research. But the supposition is be remaining immersed in water, when
too erroneous to require a serious refus dried it is unfit for any purpose where
tation; all that can be said is, that tim- strength or elasticity is required.
her was not so frequently placed under But when timber is exposed alter-
the peculiar circumstances necessary to Dately to dryness and moisture, its decay
produce the dry rot, and therefore, be- is very much accelerated, and the prin-
ing much seldomer wet with, it had been ciples which are not remored by solution
confounded with the natural decay of and evaporation, are gradually converted
timber.
into vegetable mould. That part of a
It is, no doubt, a subject that is diffi- frost which is near the surface of the
cult to investigate ; indeed every species ground may be cited as an example of
of decomposition is the same, whether it this species of decay, and it is generally
be vegetable or animal. But where che- called the wet rot. It is easy to con-
mists have failed in giving a complete de- ceive that when the wood is in a moist
velopement of the process of nature state the water will dissolve its soluble
from the compound nature of the bodies parts, and that the gaseous portions of
concerned in it, they still have been so it will be removed by evaporation during
far successful that they have discovered its change to a dry state."
the most striking peculiarities of their And it is more than probable that the
processes, and the particular ingredients alternate action of heat and moisture
and circumstances that are absolutely favours the solution, and renders those
necessary to produce the phenomena.- parts soluble which resist the continued
Such discoveries are a considerable acm action of water alone. It also may be
cession to science, because they bring remarked, that timber which has been


1819.) Mr. Tredgold on the Decay of Timber.
329
long immersed in water, and in some This species of decomposition is called
places it must have lain in that situation the dry-rot.
for many centuries, the temperature of When all other circumstances are fa-
the water has seldom exceeded 56 de- vourable, the dry-rot appears to go on
grees of Fahrenheit, and at so low a most rapidly in situations where there is
temperature, there are few of the consti- a considerable degree of warmth; hence
tuent parts of timber soluble.
it is often found in kitchens. The range of
Among the various and ingenious im- temperature within which it takes place
provements of modern times, it is much has not been determined; but from a
to be regretted that immediate conveni- knowledge of the situations where it oc-
ence is much more studied than perma- curs, I have stated it to be between 40 and
nent benefit. Were a person, to whom 70 degrees. A certain degree of moisture
the convenience of bonding logs of timber is absolutely necessary to produce it;
in the docks was not known, to be shown and when the moisture is confined so
those immense repositories of foreign that the heat does not evaporate, the
timber, what other notion could he form change may take place at a much higher
of them, than that they were intended to temperature.
impregnate timber with the seeds of de- There is a close resemblance between
cay? He might even conclude, that it the state necessary to produce the dry.
was a scheme of the timber-merchants to rot and that which produces fermenta-
generate the destructive fungus which tion or putrefaction; moisture is essential
appears in the dry-rot for the benefit of to each of these kinds of decomposition ;
trade ; so well does the half immersion of they require nearly the same range of
the logs appear adapted for that purpose.* temperature, and as a ferment produces
If such a practice be suffered to be con- fermentation, so may both putrefaction
tinued, it will be in vain to seek for re- and the dry-rot be propagated. I might
inedies for the decay of timber. It might advance a step further, and compare it
in some degree be remedied by complete to vegetation, which, as far as chemistry
immersion to a considerable depth in the is concerned, is only a product of decom-
water; and it would be well if merchants posing materials, and requires the pre-
would adopt this method of themselves; sence of moisture, and the same range
if not, the attention of government of temperature.
should be called to the subject, as it is As the presence of moisture is essen-
certainly not one of minor importance. tial to the production of the dry-rot, the
Wood that is exposed, in a tempera- most simple and obvious remedy is the
ture between 40 and 70 degrees of Fah- removal of this cause. Vessels employed
renheit, to a continued dew-like mois- in carrying cargoes that absorb mois-
ture, soon begins to decompose ; and its ture, are seldom if ever affected with
constituents, instead of being evaporat. the dry-rot. On the other hand, brick-
'ed or removed by solution, enter into work readily absorbs an immense quanti-
new combinations. A new substance is ty of water, which is communicated to
formed between the remaining fibres, the wood-work nearit. In the superior
which is of a spongy consistency, and has parts of houses, this may in a great mea-
the appearance of the coat of a musli- sure be prevented by stuccoing the walls
room. Naturalists class it among the with a cement that does not permit wa-
cryptogamia class of plants; those formed ter to pass through it. The Roman ce-
by the decomposition of different woods, ment is of this kind. But in the lower
appear to have different characters and parts of houses, the bricks draw the
undoubtedly differ in chemical compo- moisture from the ground, and must
sition. During the formation of this supply an almost perpetual vapour,drawn
new substance, the woody fibres contract out by the warmth of the rooms into the
longitudinally, and present many deep space between the wood-work and the
cracks across the fibres, similar to a walls. This vapour is prevented from
piece of wood scorched by the fire.- evaporating through the wood by seve-
ral coats of paint, which of course facili-
* When timber has laid a considerable tate the decay of the wood by retaining
time in the docks, the fungi appear a little the me
the moisture in its pores. It would be
above the water line; it would be desirable
much more judicious to paint the part
to ascertain the species, as it is not impro-
bable that it is identical with that observed
of the wood next the wall, and to leave
in the dry-rot of the same kind of timber. the side next the room without paint
The naturalist might easily procure spe-
than to follow the present practice.
cimens from the docks to ascertain this When it is impossible to prevent the
fact.
presence of moisture, every precaution
New MONTHLY Mag. No. 64. Vol. XI. 2 U


330
[May 1,
On the Character and Poetry of Lord Byron.
should be adopted to prevent it remain- we consider the splendid discoveries that
ing in contact with the wood. A free cir- have marked the path of chemical inqui-
culation of dry air should be encouraged, ries, it is scarcely possible to say what
and free evaporation from the wood per- cannot be accomplished by industry and
initted. In addition to these precautions, talent.
T. TREDGOLD.
charcoal, sinith's ashes, and other sub-
stances which retard, if not check, the ON THE CHARACTER AND POETRY OF
growth of fungi, should be used. Per-
LORD BYRON.
haps sulphur would be found of use in MR. EDITOR,
stopping the progress of a rot which had I have been much gratified with many
commenced.
of the literary articles in some of the re-
Nothing has a greater tendency to cent numbers of your publication, for
produce dry-rot than the present rapid the first time put into my hands. They
method of building ; and yet it is utterly breathe a purer style, and a more poeti-
impossible to persuade a person that has cal taste, than are apparent, according to
determined to erect a house of the ill my belief, in its sister journals of the
consequences that arise from it; indeed day; the matter is more instinct with
so impatient are most people to enjoy a spirit, and with the glow wbich gepias
new house, that scarcely any risk would spreads over all it touches. But i know
induce them to defer it for even a single not if I have been more pleased with any
season. Yet one season would do much papers than those which have advocated
towards evaporating the moisture from the character and poetry of Lord Byron.
the new walls. The walls, however, Him I have ever regarded as a persecut-
ought to be perfectly dry before either ed individual-visited with a singular
the inside bc finished, or the outside share of popular opprobrium-an op-
stuccoed.
probrium wielded by inen, whom his ta-
Houses rapidly built, inust almost al- lents, rather than his failings, have made
ways be consiructed of unseasoned tim- his enemies,-and who, in sounding the
ber, and the natural moisture is prevent trumpet of imputed crime, have grati-
ed from escaping by enclosing it with fied less their own respect for virtue
plaster and paint. The house thus put than the latent envy of their hearts.-
together, I had almost said for the ex- Despite the calumnious rumours so in-
press purpose of generating the dry-rot, dustriously kept afloat by them, a calm
is soon after inhabited; and then, as if observer may trace even in those pages
it were to complete tlie preparations for which teem with the dark and terrible of
destruction, it is heated to that tempe- crime, a lofty spirit, stirring with gene-
rature which is most favourable to the rous emotions, and with sensibility in
growth of the fungi. Unseasoned tim every nerre; a spirit which, in his search
ber must be much more subject to the for the beautiful, often draws, rather
dry-rot than that which is seasoned, from the type of ideal harmony in his
when placed in like situations; but no own fancy, than from forms simply exis-
care in seasoning will prevent it when tent;-proving that the spring of his
the timber is exposed to warmth and thought is a pure passion after the vi-
moisture. Some kinds of timber are sions of loveliness; and, that his mind, in
more subject to dry-rot than others; its productive creations, rather colours
and, as has been justly observed by a things with hues at its choice, than is
writer in the Quarterly Review, in trees coloured by them. That Lord Byron
of the same kind, the most sappy and ra- has not depicted the purely good -- the
pidly promulgated trees are most subject Gertrudes of poetry-but Laras and Pa-
to it.' Trees from the close forests of rasinas, is therefore to be attributed
Germany and America, being much more more to his own caprice than his ene-
subject to dry.rut than trees grown in mies are willing to allow. He might
open and exposed situations.
have done it- he might do it with ini-
I have now briefly considered the causes mitable case ; but lie, probably, thought
and most obvious means of preventing the it required greater skill and insight into
dry-rot. The subject is of importance, the human mind, to unveil the grandeur
and well worthy of the attention of che- of a misanthrope, and give attraction to
inists. It is only those who have paid a pirate. There are many persons who
particular attention to vegetable che- impute the aberrations of his fancy, if
mistry that can expect to investigate the such they be, to the defects of his heart,
phenomena with success; and the ana- and with singular resolve and inconsist-
lysis of vegetable bodies is confessedly a ency, shut the avenues of their under-
difficult part of the science; but when standings to the thousand tender and


1819.
331
On the Character and Poetry of Lord Byron.
beautiful touches which pervade his writ of Dryden, nor of Goldsmith, but a con-
ings. I think, however, that a kindlier stellation of the strength and grace of
feeling begins to shew itself in the all, with superadded harmony, and a
public mind towards this noble bard; more pervading impetuosity. Neither
his absence from his country-the cer- is his Spenserian stanza, the stanza of
tainty that he has suffered much-the Spenser, of Thomson, or of Beattie ; but
spirit which has refused to bend to fluctuating in a wider compass and va-
suffering --and the firmness which has riety of cadence, more loftily wielded,
supported him under unprovked severi- with an Olympic majesty, and magnifi-
ty; sorrow-song-feeling-pride-ge- cence, more abrupt but more sonorous,
nius-have tempered with pity the acri- mellowed into a finer and a fuller flow of
mony of the past. He who can read, beautiful sounds and concords more
with a cool heart and an unwet eye, many deeply enamouring the ear, and touched
passages in the fourth Canto of Childe to sweeter and to grander issues. His
Harold,-his lingering love of country Alexandrine is not “ the wounded
amidst the sunny waters of the Adriatic snake," of Pope, but the mellifluous mo-
and the festivities of Venice—the mourn- tion of an undulating river-the rapid
ful and melancholy remembrances of rush of the “arrowy Rhine," or the
Roman glory in the ruined Coliseum- dark swell of the stormy ocean. It is in
and the terrible yet pathetic apostrophe them that the ripple breaks, or the
to the midnight Nemesis, wherein the booming billow bursts—that the ex-
fire and feelings of past emotions--the panded image concentres into energy,
hopes of youth-the disappointments of and the purposed wisdom speaks mora-
manhood --regret, anguish, and injury lity to man. Successful, therefore, as
are livingly concentered—who can pass, he is in this, I cannot so well admire
Levite-like, unmoved, these wrestlings those instances in the Fourth Canto of
of grief with majesty, his heart I envy Childe Harold, where the sentence does
not, but pity as a thing unloving and not close with the stanza, but is conti-
unlovely.
nued through three or four. In describing
Above all other writers Lord Byron indeed the tortuous boilings and angry
speaks to the heart: it is this which he agitations of the veline cataract, the line
robes with the garment of his own emo. may be permitted to labor and hang siis.
tion ; there his hope revels--his anguish pended for an instant, like the stone of
slings-his passion beats: it is his spirit Sisyphus, particularly as the recoil be.
and pot Lara's which dares us to forget. comes thereby more jarring; but it is a
His individuality haunts our sympathy, daring originality, which in other cases,
and blends with our being. His words and in another than a master's hands,
have alternately the tears and the sun would be liable to censure. If, however,
shine, the thunder and the lightning of nothing new is attempted, nothing new
heaven: his thoughts are sensation, and will be gained. It is the privilege, if
his pictures materialitk. His flowers, not the passion, of genius, to be eccen-
and streams, and mountains, have a sor- tric, and in consideration of the innu-
row-a beauty--a tenderness of their merable shades which his eccentricity
own; they are instinct with life, or kindles into beauty, we may
charged, like Ossian's, with a music most “ Here and there forgive a brave neglect."
unhappy. After reading Childe Harold, For my own part, I cannot take up a
or the Corsair, one can do nothing; it work of genius without merging the
absorbs and unnerves us. A lady once critic in the reader. It is the spider
observed to me, “ Moore's Lalla Rookh which turns to venom the honey that it
I can take up and lay down; I can take tastes. Let us rightly value the Sun of
up a work of theology and read with Song, whilst he is yet with us to illumine
equal attention; but I must have a our spirit with his own warm tints--to
night's sleep after reading Lara or the shed around creation his paradise of
Corsair," Perfectly original and isolate light. A time will come when his glory
in everything, though he sometimes must depart into shadow. Then the
condescends to use the thoughts of things who have been busy in heaping
others, and though he writes in the mea- wrongs upon his head, who have sought
sure in which others have written, pass- to whiten by his side, without sharing in
ing into bis hands like certain chemical lis sorrow, will affect to weep over his
combinations, they form a new com- ashes, and pause when it is too late, in
pound entirely unique. His verse is the career of contumely. The men who
neither the verse of Pope, of Denham, neglected to allcyiate the misfortunes of


332
Letter from Dr. Polidori.
[May 1,
the living Burns, are raising to the of medals, to commemorate the expulsion
dead stalues of stone. But we will build of the French from Russia.
our statue whilst it is yet day: NU EEXETC. But, in England, we are accustomed
For myself, I cannot refrain from avow- to carry on many works of a public na-
ing, that I consider it a glory in my life, ture by the enterprising efforts of indi-
that I live in the age of Lord Byron, viduals: and thus the medallic record of
and instead of darting the sting, like our pational glories is the undertaking
some prying insects of the day, “to of a person in private life, who relies on
probe a bosoon too severely tried," I the spirit of his fellow subjects, unsup-
would soothe it with a tear, and drop ported by the government in this very
over the victim of grief the mantle of arduous and expensive project. The
Timanthes.
able manner in which many of the me-
Woburn. Feb. 27. J. H. WIFFEN. dals have been executed, and the patrio
tic object of the design will, I trust, en-
sure its ultimate success. But, if the
MR. EDITOR,
lists of subscribers, which hare reached
As the person referred to in the Let-
me, be correct, that support is not as ex-
ter from Geneva, prefixed to the Tale of 1
tensive as I think Mr. Mudie had reason
the Vampyre, in your last Number, I
to hope for. I am inclined to attribute
beg leave to state, that your correspond-
this to his plan not being generally
ent has been mistaken in attributing that
known; and I hope, by these remarks,
tale, in its present form, to Lord Byron.
to give it a greater publicity. Surely
The fact is, that though the ground-
work is certainly Lord Byron's,
no work of art can be more deserving of
its
developement is mine, produced at 5
general support than that which is de-
signed to record the splendid victories of
the request of a lady, who denied the
our fleets and armies, during the memo-
possibility of any thing being drawn
rable period of the last twenty-five years.
from the materials which Lord Byron
I confess that I am much surprised, on
had said he intended to have employed
observing that scarcely any encourage-
in the formation of his Ghost story.
ment has been given to this national se-
I am, &c. John W. POLIDORI.
ries by the individuals or the families of
those whose actions are thus immorta-
NATIONAL SERIES OF MEDALS. lized. The moral influence of painting is
MR. EDITOR,
great indeed, and cannot be too highly
The Series of Medals, engraving un- appreciated, but pictures are perishable,
der the superintendance and at the ex- and even statues are liable to accident
pense of Mr. Mudie, is designed to re- and decay. On the contrary, the con-
cord forty of the most memorable events venient size and materials of medals,
of the late war, by sea and land, begin- combine to render them the most dara-
ning with the hostilities against the ble records of human glory. The last
French Republic, and ending with the medal, w bich I have seen of Mr. Mudie's,
battle of Algiers. In France, from very is that on Lord Howe's rictory of the
remoto periods, the government has al- 1st of June ; and I think the spirit and
ways been at the expense of striking beauty of the execution challenges com-
medals on public events. Buonaparte petition with any medal of the famed
was sensible of their moral and political Napoleon Series, though the name of
influence on society, and paid a particu- the artist, Wm. Wynn, has not before
lar attention to the encouragement and appeared in the Series. I flatter myself
improvement of this art. He spared no that your tasteful readers will not deem
expense to bring it to the highest state this judgment too favorable, and will
of perfection. The Emperor Alexan- agree with me in opinion, that Mr. Mu-
der, impressed with a similar conviction, die, and his patriotic object, and the
has, lately, granted a considerable sum spirit of his efforts, is amply entitled to
to a Russian nobleman, who is employ- public commendation and encourage-
ing the best artists to engrave a series ment.
AN AMATEUR.


1819.)
( 333 )
·
ORIGINAL POETRY.
STANZAS.
Yet I joy that the dark whispered lie
TO EMILY.
Now, can kindle no flash in thine eye!
YEARS of anguish and gloom have gone by And the poison of ENVY and MALICE,
Since I last drank the breath of thy sigb; May still further embitter life's chalice;
And,---compelled by hard fortune to sever But the cup, with a smile, shall be quaffd,
We parted, in sadness-for ever!
Since thou liy'st not to share in the draught!
What a host of remembrances rush
April, 1819.
A. A. W.
On my brain,--and my tears how they gush,
When, in solitude's hour, I dwell
STANZAS.
On thy wild, but prophetic “ Farewell.” There is a feeling in the heart,
Yes, “ for erer,” thou saidst,tho' I deem'd
A feeling which it well might spare,
That will not ruin and depart,
Fortune kinder perchance than she seemd; *
a; But ever dwells and rankles there,
And, chiding thy fears with a kiss,
Bad thee dim not those moments of bliss.
Nor music, mirth, nor rosy wine,
Nor love, nor woman's smiles divine,
Even then, death's dark web was around Nor sanctity of prayer;-
thee ! -
Nor aught that holy men may say,
The spells of the Spoiler had bound thee; Can scare the ravening fiend away.
And the Angel from heaven that brings
A sickness of the soul, the balm
Fate's last fiat, was waving his wings.
Of Hope can neither soothe nor slake ;
We parted. What pen may pourtray A serpent that no spell can charm,
The despair that o'ershadow'd that day?-- With eye, eternally awake;
Yet e'en deeper our grief had been then, A glance of fire-a tongue of flame .
Had we known we should meet not again. Which time can neither tire nor tame,
We parted ;-long years have now past
Nor music's voice disarm ;-
Since the hour that I gazed on thee last;
A living sense of lasting woe
But, fresh in my memory, yet,
That poisons every bliss below.
Bloom the flowers of most mournful regret. It was not always thus !-He danced
The earlier hours of life away;
'Tis said, that for Sorrow's worst sting
And snatched at joy where'er it chanced
TIME a swift-healing balsam can bring;
To blossom on his lonely way :-
That Earth's ills all must own his dominion,
And recede when they're touched by his
Then Hope was young, and bright and fair,
He knew nor woe, nor wasting care,
pinion :-
But innocently gay,
Could the power of oblivion controul Deem'd-reckless of the debt it owed
All the gloom that oppresses my soul ;- 'Twould always flow, as thus it flowed.
Could e'en TIME with his wing interpose,
As childhood opened into youth,
And freeze Feeling's bright fount as it Th
Those feelings fled - he drank the
flows ;---
springs
I would scorn the hard chain that must of knowledge, and the source of truth,
chill,
(What the sage writes the poet sings;)
In my bosom, Affectin's fond thrill; And read in nature's changing forms,
For the boon were ungrateful to me
The shifting shades of sun and storms,
If it banish'd one sweet dream of thee! Unutterable things;
But this thought shall afford me relief And sought unweariedly to cull
All that was wild and wonderful!
In my moments of passion and grief,
That--whate'er be the depth of my woes-- But even then—at times would roll-
They can never disturb thy repose.
Unbidden and profoundly deep-
No ;-the clouds that burst over me now,
An awful silence o'er his soul,
That hush'd all other sense to sleep;
Cannot ruffle thy beautiful brow;
And then he saw—too near-the springs
In its sorrows my soul may repine ;
And wild reality of things,
They can wake no wild echo in thine.
And only waked to weep
No ;-the venom-dipt arrows of doom
That man should be cut off from bliss,
Cannot pierce to thy heart thro' the tomb; And exiled to a world like this!
And, tho'bitter, 'tis balm to my breast
He loved—I will not say how true,
To know thou’rt for ever at rest!
The faithless tongue, perchance, might
Let the storms of adversity lower,
lie :-
So that thou hast escaped from their He did not love as others do;
power ;-
Nor cringe, nor flatter, whine, nor sigh:
They may pour forth their wrath on my Look on his lowest heart, and trace
head;
What time can deepen, not deface,
They can break not the sleep of the dead.
So strongly wrought the die,
Let the tongues of Detraction and Blame That did her lovely image bear,
Do their worst to shed blight on my name ;- And warm and glowing stamp it there.


334
(May 1,
Original Poetry.
He loved. ---And does he not: ah ! now, But shouldst Thou change! I dare not take
Another worships at that shrine ;
One thought on what thou hadst been
And he prefers a heartless vow,
then ;-
Fond fool! where thou didst offer thine. The pile which ages could not shake,
Now, where thou knelt, another kneels,
No human hands could rear again.
And from that holy altar steals
But o'er the mournful ruins, yet
The sacred bread and wine,
I'd bid the weeping ivy twine;
Which thou hadst laboured to obtain
For tho' estranged, I could not set
To shrine thee from eternal pain.
Oblivion's seal on aught of thine !
Then from himself he strove to hide
Twined in the immortal cells of thought
The past, by mingling with mankind, Her wizard ivy--grief must be.
And left the maid he deified
He only who had seen thee not,
Idols elsewhere to find; —
Could wear no aching heart for thee!
But from that sanctuary hurld
Woburn, Feb. 12, 1819.
VIDA.
He roves-an outcast on the world-
Nor evermore may bind-
Rock of the past, his future stay-
THE DEATH OF LEILA.
The bonds that have been wrenchid away.
(Fragınent from the Spanish.)
He stands, as stands a ruined tower,
Yes oft I attended with pensive delight
Which time in triumph desolates; The couch where, in sickness, my Leila re-
The ivy wreath that scorns his power,
clin'd;
A melancholy gloom creates ;
And oft by the aid of the Lady of Night,
What tho' it shine in light while set
In her beautiful eye,- still unfadingly
The summer suns,-its fibres fret
bright,
The stone it decorates;
Marked each image that dwelt in her mind :
So, smiles upon his pallid brow,
There affection and sorrow, together were
But wring the ruin'd heart below.
blended
AZO.
The tears of regret, with the glances of
love ;
TO JANTHE.
Regret—that so soon she must leave unbe-
The Greeks, when o'er a buried friend
friended,
They reared the monumental stone, The lord of her bosom in sadness to rove.
Raised high one pillar which might lend
One eve, as she rested her head on my
Memorial of his virtues gone:
breast,-
And round the sculptur'd column, high Can I cease to remember that moment? No,
They twined the sweetest summer flowers,
never !
To glad the conscious passer-by,
On my lips with wild fervor a kiss she im-
And breathe of beauty in all hours.
prest,
There flourishd they in shade and light; Then sunk to repose on my bosom for ever!
Or if, oppress'd by tempests rude, For scarce had I tasted the sorrowful bliss
The thunder storm their leaves might blight, When her heart ceased its throbbing, and
The morrow saw those blooms renew'd : dim grew her eye:
So in thy absence, dearest maid !
And I found that my lips had entomb'd her
Such monument of thee I build;
last sigh;-
And thus my soul, in sun and shade,
That her spirit had fled with the kiss!
Is with enchanting memories fillid :
ARION.
And on thine image, fair and kind,
The sweetest flowers of thought I cast,
SONNET.
Which breathe across the waste of mind
TO ***** WITH MANUSCRIPT POEMS.
The smile of social summers past,
In joy and grief-suspense-and pain,
Not that its flowers are marked with Fancy's
When prouder things like recreants flee,
hues,
In lonely fondness they remain-
Lady! for thee did I this wreath entwine;
Not vainly-since they speak of thee!
But as a votive offering at the shrine
Of mutual Friendship :-do not then refuse
'Tis true the tempest might descend
The tribute of an humble poet's song,
And tear those flowers of life away;
Breathing each wish the tenderest breast
But tho'their blighted leaves it rend,
can form;
The trophy could not all decay :-
Tho'to his lyre no lofty tones belong
The memory of thy form and worth-
Yet is his heart with truth and feeling
That mightier column--could not die;
warm.
Unlike those pillars of the earth
And should his Muse, in future hours, obtain
Which shake when earthquakes pass A brighter garland from the Aonian tree,
them by.
With joy, to bind thy heauteous brows again,
Through all the thunders of the soul,
He'llcull the ta rest of its blooms for thee;
Wrath-Hate - Wrong-Jealousy and And so he gain but thy approving smile,
Pride,-
Will be content tho' the world frown the
"Twould stand unheeding as they roll,
while.
And proudly bid them be defied!
ARION.


1819.]
335
Original Poetry.
But that I know thy purer mind, .
Fraught with each virtue-grace refin'd-
That is on earth to mortals given
To fit them for the sphere of Heaven !
1815.
ARION.
SONNET TO AN ARTIST.
BY A. BROOKE, Esq.
Painter! whose curious hand could fix the
hues
Of the soul's lineaments, and thus chain
down,
On thy charmed tablet, the unconscious
frown
Which Pain and Passion o'er the front dif-
fuse,
Unlovely ;--tho' the meditative Muse
Perhaps, not wholly, may such look
disown,
But pitying spare from her own verdant
crown,
One sheltering leaf, fresh with Castalian
dews -
Painter ! perhaps thine art had here once
found
Far other exercise ;-in earlier years,
Perhaps had traced a cheek all dimpled
round
With rosy smiles, an eye undimm’d by
tears
Or studious vigils,-and the joyous glow
Which Thoughtlessness tlings over Youth's
bright brow.
Jan. 1819.
SONNET
TO THE MEMORY OF WALTER KERR, ESQ.
LATE OF THE GLENGARY FENCIBLES.
Peace to thy gallant heart!-we less had
griev'd,
Hadst thou but fall'n before the battle
brand;
But thus, beneath Consumption's moul-
dering hand,
Thou whom the bolts of death so oft re-
priev'd ;-
Thus to descend into the silent tomb,
In the young morn and April of thy years,
Was surely hard--and may excuse the
tears
With which we now deplore thy hapless
doom.
Peace to thy gallant heart !-whilst valor's
deed
Shall stand recorded on the rolls of Fame
Thou shalt be well remembered, and thy
name,-.
So long as Britons' generous bosoms bleed
For worth untimely snatch'd ;- serve as a
To bid our wandering thoughts on sun-
bright glory dwell.
1816.
A. A. W.
spell
To *****
“ Je ne change qu'en mourant."
Can I forget the hours of bliss
That fled with love and thee?-
Can I forget the parting kiss
Thy fondness dealt to me?-
Can I forget the tender ties
That bind our souls together-
Thy last sad looks--thy farewell sighs,
And prove my“ faith a feather?"
No, no, the dove its plume may change---
The summer rose, its bloom ;-
But mine's a heart that cannot range,
Nor cool---save in the tomb!
No, no, by all the pangs I've proved,
By joy, remembered ever!
I feel, tho' e'en no more beloved,
I could forget thee never.
1814.
ARION.
SONNET
Composed on board L'Etoile Sloop, whilst beating
about during the greater part of a dark and
teinpestuous night, in view of Dungeness Light
House, without being able to enter Rye Harbour.
Yes, Desolation on her viewless wing,
E’en now, perchance, is speeding with the
blast,
In deathful haste ;-with angry visiting
The surges sweep around us, and the
mast
Bereſt of sail-waves, like a fragile reed,
Submissive to the storm :-but for yon
light
I had begun to deem this dreary night
For us would have no morn. In greatest
need
When thro’ Life's sea man's erring bark is
driven-
Thus doth the beacon Hope, with friendly
gleam,
Speak peace unto his soul; and tho' its
beam
Bring not immediate aid, it can create
Courage, io hear the buffetings of Fate
With patience, till he reach the wished for
port of Heaven.
A. A. W.
SONNET TO *****.
No, not because thy form is fair,
Art thou unto my soul so dear;
For heauty oft hath met mine eye,
And I have coldly passed it by,
When unenlightened by the glow
Which feeling can alone bestow :-
For, oh! that face is nought to me
Where beams no sensibility!
Then not because thy form is fair,
Art thou unto my soul so dear ;-


( 336
)
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF LADY CAROLINE LAMB.
(WITH A PORTRAIT.)
LADY Caroline LAMB, (whose Por- doubted: and besides this, there was
trait we have the pleasure of giving in a rare conjunction of striking talents on
our present Number), is the third child every side of this noble family, of which,
and only daughter of the Rt. Hon. Fred. though one instance only, we may be al-
Ponsonby, Earl of Besborough, by Hen- lowed to mention the late Duchess of
rietta Frances Spencer,and second daugh- Devonshire, whose elegant taste and
ter of John, the first Earl of that name. poetic fancy could hardly fail to stiinu-
- She was born November 13, 1785, late the mental faculties of her piece,
and from her erliest infancy had the even if they had not been, as they fairly
unspeakable advantage of receiving the were, exactly similar to her own in fer-
instruction, and improving by the ex- tility of genius and liveliness of imagina-
ample of her venerable grandmother, tion.
the highly accomplished Countess Dow. Certain it is that the cducation of the
ager Spencer, who died at the age of se- young lady was conducted on a very su-
venty eight, in 1814.-- Biography would perior plan, and that her noble friends
be well employed in delineating the cha- were rewarded for their attentions by
racter of that excellent woman, than the progress which she made in every
whom it would be difficult to name one useful and ornamental branch of know-
in modern times, of her station, equally ledge,
worthy of such a distinction, and whose Entering into life with a fine form, a
memoir would be so well calculated to highly cultivated understanding, and
edify the rising age. Her mind was bright prospects, she could not be long
richly stored with various reading, and witbout admirers. Accordingly, before
what she acquired was applied to the she had attained the age of twenty, she
best purposes ! She had an extensive became a wife, being married on the 3d
range of acquaintance, who regarded her of June, 1805, to the Hon. William
conversation and correspondence as an Lamb, eldest son of the Viscount Mel-
inestimable treasure. In sprightliness bourne, a gentleman of splendid talents,
of style, her letters would rival those of perfect integrity, and an active member
Sevigné or Montague; while, in solidity of the House of Commons, where he has
of thought and ethical purity, they might sat two parliainents for the city of Peter-
rank with the epistles of Carter. On borough, of which see his great uncle,
the paternal side, she was of the ancient Dr. Robert Lamb, was formerly bishop.
family of Poyntz, and her mother was Three children have been the issue of
daughter of the great Earl of Peterbo- this marriage, but one only is living, who
rough.
was born Aug. 29, 1807, and at his baptism
1 The Lady Besborough, who inherits received the name of George Augustus
all the excellencies of her venerable pa- Frederick, in honour of his Royal High-
rents, took the greatest care that her ness the Prince Regent, who stood spon-
own children should reflect honour upon sor on the occasion.
that stock from whence they sprung; Of this distinguished lady it is suffi-
and she has had the satisfaction to see cient to say that, by the constancy of
her pains well rewarded. Her maternal filial affection, conjugal attachment,
heart was so much wrung when her son, and maternal tenderness, she has uni-
the gallant Colonel Ponsonby, was griev- formly contributed to the happiness
ously wounded at the battle of Waterloo, of thosc with whom she is con-
that she immediately flew to Brussels, nected. High-minded, without pride-
for the purpose of ministering to him vivacious, without levity, and generous,
under his sufferings. This was a touch- without extravagance, it is not surpris-
ing scene; but in the midst of all its ing that she should gain admiration and
weight of woe there was a mixture of secure friendship. In the liveliness of
felicity in it which was consummated by her discourse there is a charm which
the recovery of the darling object. merits attention, and an attraction in her
To be brought up under such rela behaviour which commands esteem.
tives was an advantage, the value of Of her ladyship's literary perform-
which surpasses all estimation. That ances, it is not in our power to enter
it was duly appreciated, and grate into detail ; but those who are in the
fully returned, by an adequate im- secret of her compositions, speak em-
provement in all the sterling accom- phatically of their elegance and acknow-
plishments of the mind, cannot be ledge her. to possess intellectual powers



i
- -
-
- - -
Imam auert nun
Vest from an original Vinitwe.
LADY CAROLINE LAMB,
Lunioni shei !!,,
, Buy one in
in die
street.





1919.) Campbell's Specimens of the British Poets.
337
of the most brilliant description. - fair autharess, in regard to her lyri-
Some poetical pieces, ascribed to cal powers, and the mellifluous beauty
her ladyship, which we have seen, of her versification, the BRITISH SAP-
would inclinc us to designate the PHO.
H
ts
CRITICAL REMARKS ON NEW PUBLICATIONS.
Specimens of the British Poets, with Bio- possesses all the requisites we could
graphical and Critical Notices, and an desire in a poetical censor, and that his
Essay on English Poetry. 7 vols. 8vo. “ Specimens of the British Poets,” con-
It has been said, and we are inclined
tain some of the most delightful philo-
logy to be met with in the English lan-
to think with some degree of justice,
guage. We are sorry that the very
that a good poet cannot fail of being
being limited space, to which we are obliged to
in
a good critic. Gifted by nature with a confine ourselves in this department of
more acute perception of beauty and de- our
de- our Magazine, will prevent our devoting
formity than that with which critics, that share of attention to his volumes,
generally speaking, are supposed to be to which we feel assured they are so
imbued, the poet is better qualified to
justly entitled : we must, therefore, con-
decide upon the merits of his brethren,
tent ourselves with briefly analysing their
and enters upon his task with a keener
relish and satisfaction than the literary. The first volume, which is prefatory
drudge, who (a inere Goth in matters of
to the rest, is divided into three sections,
taste, forms his estimate of genius by
and comprises a chronological history of
mathematical position, quarrels with
English poetry, from the Epoch of the
what he has not feeling enough to under- Norman Conquest, that is, from the
stand, and pronounces unqualified con-
first dawn of metrical inspiration, until
demnation on the opinions of his author, the perfect day of strength, harmony,
frequently for no other reason than plerince and matanlior heamed
elegance, and metaphor beamed upon
because they happen to differ from his
an enlightened age in the numbers of
own. Poetical criticism, above all other,
Pope.
P.
The first section contains a dis-
requires two sorts of independence, that sertation upon the gradual evolution of
of the head and of the heart. It is not the English language from the rude bar-
barity of its Saxon elements, until it
with those common rules for the discus-
- was compacted into the idiom employed
of his subject, which have been sug- in the reign of Richard II. In ex-
gested by the ablest writers of antiquity; emplifying the slow progress of the ame-
he must have a mind pervious to the lioration of the language by its influence
foree of the “ thoughts that breathe and upon the meagre, quaint, and hyper.
words that burn" of the poet upon bolical winstrelsy of the dark and super-
whose productions he undertakes to stitious ages of which Mr. Campbell
comment- he must be alive to all those treats, he subjoins specimens of the
recondite excellencies which might escape productions of the early poets; many of
the notice of an ordinary observer, and
which are now unintellegible without a
he must possess, withal, a certain
glossary, and when understood, do not
sublime sense of perfection which com-
repay, unless to a professed antiquarian,
mon readers are strangers to; and
the time and labour which must be con-
which, while it enables him to detect
sumed in exploring them. In the first
worthlessness and deformity, affords him
century, which succeeded the Norman
also equally the means of duly appre-
Conquest,' the sole remnants of the
ciating the beauty of loveliness. In this
Saxon poetry existed in ballads, very
latter capacity, such a critie is indeed
few of the fragments of which have
great, and like the diamond, which ac- escaned the ravages of tima The Nor-
quires a superior brilliancy from its mans imported with them their own
contact with the gems it is employed to metrical romances, and as the Norman
polish ; so those scintillations of genius
French was the language of the Court,
are elicited from him by his subject,
and of all persons of distinction, the
which might not otherwise have been
ancient ballads became speedily obsolete
produced.
among the higher orders of the com-
It is not too much to affirm, after an munity, and were only traditionally re-
attentive perusal of the voluminous and membered and recited by the common
important work, which has given rise to people. But the Norman victors were
the present remarks, that Mr. Campbell themselves too ignorant and ferocious,
New MONTHLY MAG.–No. 64. Vol. XI. 2 X


338
(May 1,
Campbell's Specimens of the British Poets.
and the civil commotions which pre- however, the father of English poetry,
vailed in the 13th century were too fre- is exempted from this censure ; he was
quent and sanguinary, io allow them the morning star in the poetical horizon,
leisure or inclination to attempt any not indeed of transcendent brightness,
other species of poetical composition but to be hailed as the precursor of a
than chivalrous romances. It was in pure and unclouded day.
the retirement, indolence, and security The second section of the work be.
of monasteries that the embers of the gins with a detail of the causes which
vestal fire of genius were preserved from retarded the progress of poetry from
total extinction; accordingly we find the reign of Richard 11. to that of Eliza-
that all the poetasters of this age were beth: those principally enumerated are-
Monks, and their productions are partly the distractions of the times occasioned
chronicles in verse of the remarkable by the exterminating feuds between the
events of their own times, or satires upon houses of York and Lancaster, the vio-
the prevailing rices and foibles, particu- lence of religious persecutions, and the
larly the corruptions of the Roman want of a pure, refined, and classical
Church, a remarkable topic for animad- taste. A striking confirmation of the
version to be selected by priests. Before rarity of poetical genius in that dark
we proceed in our analytical survey, let and dreary period which intervened be-
us offer the oblation of our gratitude to tween the times of Chaucer and Spenser,
the monastic clergy, for the only per- is, that amidst groupes of authors whose
manent benefits they have ever conferred names are specified by Mr. Campbell,
upon mankind, namely the preservation and who by that means are recalled for
in their cells of the precious remains of a few moments from the fathomless
antiquity; the histories they have written gulf of oblivion, there is only one from
of the times in which they lived, and to whose compositions a short extract can
which they immediately succeeded, and be hazarded.
the works on various subjects, the com- If Chaucer be the morning star,
position of which diversified the mono- Spenser is the rising sun of poetry. Of
tony of spiritual inertion. The only his excellencies Mr. Campbell gives a
specimen of the poetry of this inauspici. clear and elegant illustration; he also
ous age, and which is worth transcribing candidly acknowledges his imperfections.
is the following :-
As the age in which Spenser flourished
For her love I cark and care,
is that, in the latter part of which the
For her love I droop and dare;
English drama assumed a consistent
For her love my bliss is bare,
form, Mr. C. introduces in this section
And all I wax wan.
a retrospective and compendious history
For her love in sleep I slake,
of the origin and progress of dramatic
For her love all night I wake,
poetry to the days of Shakspeare. Amidst
For her love mourning I make,
a herd of obsolete drivellers in this de-
More than any man.
partment of poetry, some passages of a
From this period the English Muse play by George Peele are selected, which
appears to have soared to a greater ele- not only contain several of the nobler
yation, although the atomsphere in which beauties which embellish this species of
she moved was yet too opaque to enable composition -- warmth, tenderness of
her to emerge into perfect day. Metrical feeling, glow of imagery and keeping,
romances, works purely of imagination, but shew also how much had been
succeeded to rhyming chronicles, and it effected in the Herculean task of expand-
may be observed, that a metrical romance ing, strengthening, and harmonizing
bears some resemblance to an epic the English language. Mr. Campbell
poem.
then takes a survey of the mighty pre-
The first work of invention of any tensions of Shakspeare, but his view of
importance is an allegorical poem, en- his inerits is a complete eulogy, deifying
titled, “ The Vision of William, con- even his defects. We pass by a natural
cerning Piers Plowman." The account transition to the works of Ben Jonson,
given of this singular effusion by Mr. casting only a cursory glance at Drayton
Campbell, shews how faint and indistinct and Daniel, to each of whom Mr. Camp-
were, at that time, the rays of inspira- bell deals out his due meed of praise.
tion, and how widely and miserably they He quotes a beautiful song from the
deverged from the true focus of poetical masque of “ The Vision of Night," by
splendour and powerful fancy under the Ben Jonson.
direction of a sound judgment. Chaucer,


1819.1
339
Campbell's Specimens of the British Poets.
- Break phant'sie from thy cave of cloud, tigued with repetitions of his manner; but,
And spread thy purple wings;
if we place ourselves in the situation of those
Now all thy figures are allowed,
to whom his brilliancy, succinctness and
And various shapes of things;
animation were wholly new, we cannot won-
Create of airy forms a stream-
der at their being captivated to the fondest
It must have blood, and nought of phlegm, admiration In order to do justice to Pope
And tho' it be a waking dream,
we should forget his imitators, if that were
Yet let it like an odor rise
possible; but it is easier to remember than
To all the senses here,
to forget by an effort--to acquire associa-
And fall like sleep upon their eyes,
tions than to shake them off. Every one
Or music in their ear."
may recollect how often the most beautiful
The two first sections are, as we have air has palled upon his ear, and grown in-
observed, devoted to the infancy and sipid from being played or sung by vulgar
youth of English poetry, engendered in musicians. It is the same thing with re-
aces of rapine, war, and ignorance, rock gard to Pope's versification. That his pe-
ed in the cradle of adversity, fettered
culiar rythm and manner are the very best
in the incipient vigor and grace of his
in the whole range of our poetry need not
to be asserted. He has a gracefully pecu-
movements by the swaddling clothes lin- liar manner, though it is not calculated to be
posed by the rude hand of pedantry and a an universal one; and where, indeed, shall
corrupted taste, until at length it assuin- we find the style of poetry that could be
ed, in the seventeenth century, as de- pronounced an exclusive model for every
scribed in the beginning of the composer. His pauses have little variety,
third section, the strength, majesty, and his phrases are too much weighed in
judgment, and independence of man the balance of antithesis, and to the rapid
hood. After a brief dissertation on precision of his thoughts, and we shall for-
the metaphysical poets, whose works,
give him for being too anthetic and senten-
tious,
with the exception perhaps of Cowley's,
have all of them entered into their
Pope's works have been twice given to the
“ eternal rest" on the shelves of virtu-
world by editors who cannot be taxed with
osos and black letter hunters, Mr. C.
the slightest editorial partiality towards his
fame. The last of these is the Rev. Mr.
proceeds to an enumeration of the dra-
Bowles, in speaking of whom, I beg leave,
matic works of Beaumont and Fletcher, most distinctly, to disclaim the slightest in-
Massinger and Shirley. On each of tention of undervaluing his acknowledged
these authors he bestows, as they pass merit as a poet, however freely and fully I
review before him, an appropriate 'share may dissent from his critical estimate of the
of praise and censure. T'he pretensions genius of Pope. Mr. Bowles, in forming
of Denham and Waller, are dismissed in this estimate, lays great stress upon the ar-
a few lines. Upon Milton there is a gument, that Pope's images are drawn from
long and judicious critique. Otway is
art, more than from nature. That Pope
treated with all the clemency which his
was neither so insensible to the beauties of
nature, nor so indistinct in describing them,
superior talents, and the witchery with
as to forfeit the character of a genuine poet
which he moves our tendereșt feelings,
is what I mean to urge, without exaggerat-
deserves. Dryden follows, and upon
ing his picturesqueness. But, before speak-
his writings Mr. Campbell expatiates at ing of that quality in his writings, I would
considerable length; but in passing beg to observe, in the first place, that the
judgment upon this great and extraor- faculty by which a poet luminously describes
dinary man, whose genius was more unic objects of art, is essentially the same fa-
versal and buoyant than even that of culty, which enables him to be a faithful de-
Pope, he appears to have censured his scriber of nature. In the second place, that
defects too severely. Finally ; Pope
natare and art are to a greater degree rela-
himself, the soul of harmony and the
tive terms in poetical description than is
life of description, succeeds, and upon
generally recollected ; and thirdly, that arti-
ficial objects and manners are of so much
his writings is pronounced sentence of
importance in fiction, as io make the ex-
unalloyed approbation. We extract part quisite description of them no less charac-
of the observations on Pope, in order- teristic of genius than the description of
to afford our readers some idea of the simple physical appearances. The poet is
style in which the whole essay is written. “ creation's hei:." "He deepens our social
Pope gave our heroic couplei its strictest interest in existence; it is surely by the
melody and tersest expression.
liveliness of the interest which he excites in
“ D'un mot mis en sa place il enseigne le existence, and not by the class of subjects
pouvoir."
which he chooses, that we must fairly ap-
If his cotemporaries forgot other poets in preciate the genius in the life of life which
admiring, let him not be robbed of his just is in him.' It is no irreverence to the exter-
fame, on pretence that a part of it was su nal charms of nature to say, that they are
perfluous. The public ear was long fa- not more important to a poet's study than


340
Durovernum, with other Poems.
[May 1,
the manners and affection of his species. first time, can have no claim upon the
Nature is the poet's goddess; but by nature hearts of his readers, and if his verses
no one rightly understands her mere inani- are too feeble to compel respect, bc they
mate face—however charming it may be-
upon subjects ever so doleful, they will
or the simple landscape painting of trees,
meet with nothing but contempt and
clouds, precipices, and flowers. Why then
ridicule. Not so, however, with the
try Pope, or any other poel, exclusively by
his powers of describing inanimate pheno-
real poet; he has the means of kindling
mena? Nature, in the wide and proper
in the bosomy of individuals entirely un-
sense of the word, means life in all its cir known to him, the same glowing emo-
cumstances-Oature, moral as well as exter- tions which agitate his own soul; he
nal. As the subject of inspired fiction, na- can teach beings with whom he has
ture includes artificial forms and manners. never held personal communion, to
- Richardson is no less a painter of nature lose the sense of their own separate ex-
than Homer. Homer himself is a minute istence in sympathy for his sorrows;-
describer of works of art; and Milton is and this privilege the author of the pages
full of imagery, derived from it. Satan's
before us possesses in an eminent de-
spear is compared to the pine, that makes
gree. There is, in almost all his verses,
the “ mast of some great ammiral," and his
shield is like the moon, artificially seen
an intensity of feeling and a loneliness
through the glass of the Tuscan artist. The
of grief which is painfully engaging,
« spirit-stirring drum; the ear-piercing fife, He is like the Arabian bird, that builds
the royal banner, and all quality, pride, her nest of odors, and is consumed by
pomp, and circumstance of glorious war," her own fires.
are all artificial images.
The principal poem in the volume,
which has given rise to the present
Pope, while he is a great moral writer, remarks, consists of a description of a
though not elaborately picturesque, is by night walk in and about Canterbury,
no means deficient as a painter of interest-
the native city of the author; and gives
ing external objects. No one will say that
a much stronger interest to the spot,
he peruses Eloisa's Epistle, without a so-
lemn impression of the pomp of catholic su-
than we should have supposed it possible
perstition.
to produce for those who have no par-
Many passages of the agreeable dis-
ticular associations connected with it.
cussion in the 1st volume of these “Spe-
The common-place beauties of the poem,
cimens," are genuine poetry, in its hap-
however, which fortunately occupy more
picst mood of inspiration, faintly dis-
than half, have the greatest attractions
guised in the loose attire of prose. On
for us: we allude to those passages in
the subsequent portions of Mr. Camp-
which the “Childe" of the scene ad-
bell's work, we hope to offer some obser.
dresses the reader in person ; where he
vations at a future opportunity.
depicts his own thoughts, fears, and
feelings; his sensibility to pain, and his
Durovernum ; with other Poems, By
uncertainty of the future. A heart which
ARTHUR BROOKE. pp. 168.
has sought for truth and the fixedness of
In our number for October last we hope with the intensity described in the
took occasion to offer a few remarks on following stanzas, is deserving of all the
a collection of wild but beautiful poetry consolations of pity and the solicitudes
from the pen of Mr. Brooke, and it is of friendship :-
with no inconsiderable pleasure that we
XXIX.
direct the attention of the public to the
Thou dark and awful grave, whose mya-
present volume, abounding as it does
tery
with so much to interest all lovers of Hath fed my musings, in the cloistered
true poctry. It is the peculiar privilege · gloom
of genius to command sympathy – to Where thousands sleep, have I not called
impose upon others its own mood of
to thee?
mind--its fears, its hopes, its joys, and Have I not craved for tidings from the
its sorrows; and in proportion to the
tomb,
powers of the bard, so will the interest
Of life-ör death-whate'er may be our
doom?
he aims at creating for his own fate, be
strengthened or diminished. We care for
Have I not prayed it? would I not for
sake
the man only inasmuch as he is a poet and
All vainer wisdom, and no more relume
can present us with a vivid and forcible My midnight taper, so I might partake
delineation of his feelings. The stranger, Of an immortal hope which this world could
whose productions are taken up for the
not shake?


1819.)
Durovernum, with other Poems.
341
XXX.
It is not wilful blindness, scorn, nor pride,
It hath not been accorded: the high light But that the tounts of love in me are parched
From Heaven, which guides the wan-
and dried.
derer on his way,
Shines not for me: 'all hopeless in the I have more loved to watch thee at thy
night
fall
Of my bewildered spirit, still I stray, Behind the western mountains, and to
And combat with my sufferings as I may.
view
The sable follower spread her gradual pall,
We have not seen a more affecting ap-
O'er the dim scene, till all things took the
peal to the best sympathies of our nature
hue
than is contained in this fearful avowal. Of my own spirit; and thus in me grew
In the pages of revelation alone, can A hatred of thy broad obtrusive ray,
such a spirit look for repose. If he Which brought no blessings 'unto me,
enters the temple as “a noble Berean,"
hut drew
the immortal and unshaken hope which My hush'd thoughts from their sanctuary
is solicited, cannot fail to be accorded :
away,
the oracles from this shrine are no cun-
Into the hateful toils and duties of the day.
ningly devised fables-
Night! let me be thy votary! and thou,
- no voice nor hideous hum
When I appear to thee in converse lone,
Runs through this arched roof in words de At thy deep noon, still hearken to my
ceiving :"
vow:
but the voice of his Maker speaks audibly
Since every dearer moment I have known,
Under the shadow of thy wing hath flown;
to man, and that voice is so mild, so
Thine was the welcome hour which set
merciful, and so benignant, tempered
me free
with so much pity, and wooing with so From the world's vulgar drudgeries, thou
much love, that it seems impossible to
hast shewn
resist its tones, and not feel the balsam Things which the light shut from me, and
which they impart. We doubt not that
to thee
our author will soon see things through All that I am, 0 Night! I owe-whate'er
a lovelier medium-that his hopes will
that be.
clothe themselves in a principle of purer
Thou, when my days, like the neglected
vitality-fitted for the growth of an im-
sands
Of a brief hour-glass, ebbed in hopeless
mortal world.
haste,
The present poem opens wish a mag-
Benignant gavest into my youthful hands
nificent address to the sun, which is not
A chalice from the fount I burned to taste;
excelled by any thing we recollect to But which I deemed fate had for ever
have met with, excepting indeed, it be
placed
Lord Byron's sublime stanzas to the Far from my barren path : then, by thy
ocean, which conclude the fourth canto
aid,
of Childe Harold.
If I might haply yet redeem the waste
Father of life and light! who from the
Of my past years, I shrunk into thy shade,
me And by the lonely lamp, my last, best, pas-
birth
Of Time or Nature, with that glorious eye
time made.
Hast quickening, gazed upon the subject All hail, dear Muses! If I did not gain
earth,
In my sweet wanderings o'er your classic
As through the boundless desarts of the sky
ground,
Thou mov'st in solitary majesty;
All that I sought, the search was not in
Soul of Creation! whose parental care
vain.
Doth, like a visible God, to all supply If in the lore I loved there was not found
The springs of their existence. Thou
Aught that might heal the deep and fatal
shalt share
wound
With thy Creator's self, the wide world's Of a crushed heart; yet, if it dulled the
ceaseless prayer !
sense
All that thou see'st, o Sun, is thine ; to Of selfish suffering; if awhile it drowned
thee
In streams of Castaly, thoughts too in-
Earth and its habitants one voice shall
tense
raise
For my weak brain, it was my study's re-
Of grateful adoration, and by me
compense.
Once too was hymned thy glory, power,
and praise.
After dwelling upon the historical re-
And if it seems that now I coldly gaze collections to which the scene of his
Upon those beams which gladden all be. wanderings has given rise, Mr. Brooke
side,
thus beautifully describes Night :--
If in thy worship my dull heart delays,


342
Durovernum, with other Poems.
(May 1,
his,
all
XIX.
Which some might, hide, if in my soul
· My spirit hath been moved : and who
be aught
could dwell
Of cruelty or crime, it then and there was
With heart unrufiled upon thoughts like taught.
these?
But let me gaze around on what might
Then in my breast was sown the deadly
seed,
well
The tumults of the stormiest soul appease.
Which after-suffering ripened, then I
learned
Nature alone is waking ;--the soft breeze
The slave's sole privilege to bear and bleed
Flits musically by; how bright
The moon-beams mingle with the dark
In silent hate, to hide the pang when
spurned
green trees,
By brutal Ignorance, for honors earned
Or glitter on the grass; the brows of
Night
In studious strife :-Not sorrowing I re-
call
Are bound with myriad gems of tenderest,
The sense of early wrong, though firet it
purest light.
turned
Oh! who that wanders at an hour like The current of fresh feelings into gall,
this,
It fitted me to meet what I have met through
And looks upon the earth, the stars, and
all.
sky,
We cannot resist the temptation of
But feels with a calm joy, one treasure quoting the following exquisite verses to
the River Stour:-
Unbought by toils, and kept without a
sigh?
But now upon thy flower-fringed banks 1
Though man may to his fellow man deny
stand,
His tinselled trash, Great Nature free to
Fair Stour! and gaze upon thy winding
stream,
Spreads forth her thousand stores unspar-
Whose dimpled surface, by the soft breeze
ingly;
fanned,
Her charms are pure, her beauties never
Shakes to dissolving silver the clear beam
pall;
Of countless stars, whose bright refiec-
She can unchanged remain, whate'er to man
tions seem
befal.
As in a liquid mirror here to lave,
With livelier lustre. Oh! how sweet a
The following allusions to the King's dream
School, Canterbury, where the author S teals o'er the heart, while on this placid
received his education, are forcible, and
wave
as they regard public scminaries in ge. Heaven opens its wide breast, and claims os
peral, the sentiments are entirely con-
from the grave,
sonant with our own:-
As if we stood upon the utmost verge
Of that great gulph which keeps us from
XLIV.
the blest,
Farewell, ye scenes! o'er which my youth While far-eff shapes of brightness o'er
the surge
Once duly wandered, till the hour as Beckoned; and pointed to the bow'rs of rest,
signed
Where, as a dove returning to her nest,
Called them scarce willing 10 the honored The soul might soon forget its earth-bora
seat
woes,
Where first Instruction on my opening Blissfully leaning on as dear a breast,
mind
As that which boyhood once, once only
Poured her delights; but where my knows,
spirit pined,
When first affection's flowers all tremblingly
That dared not love too well the attractive unclose.
Alas! the love of our maturer years
Which envious folly hated, nor could find
Is Custom – Instinct-Friendship—whai
Pleasure in acting on that petty stage
you will;
Its part in the vile deeds which shame man's
Where then is the wild maze of hopes
riper age.
and fears,
There each young despot whom the fates In which our senses wandered? where
had blest
the thrill,
With brains of lead, and limbs of stur- Whose flash electric shook the breast,
dier mould
until
Than his compeers, lifted his lordly crest, It sickened with delight? Oh! 'tis not so,
False as the serpent, as the tiger bold Whate'er we deem, when once the
In acts of ill; where from its virgin fold
heavy chill
In the heart's-rosebud every innocent of stern Experience -- Love and Joy's
thought
worst foe,
Was rudely torn; and should a truth be lath fall’n upon the fount from which those
told
feelings flow.
ful feet
page


1819.) Travels in vurious Countries of Europe, Asia, and Africa. 343
pride
trace
Roll on, fair river with a lovely pride, As in its chosen temple, Genius dwelt,
Unmov'd by all save Nature's high de- Unhappy victim of a worthless flame!
cree;
By thee this truth was, ah! too deeply felt,
How unremittingly thy waters glide Whate'er the joys that envied gift may bring,
With silent lapse unto the boundless sea, It lends Affliction's barb a tenfold stiny.
Like earthly years into Eternity!
SONNET TO THE MOON.
Let mightier streams in loftier lays be I looked at midnight on the silent sky,
| sung;
And watched the Moon, as with majestic
Enough, dear native Stour ! enough for
thee,
Up the empyreal arch she seemed to ride,
If on thy banks one home-bred harp hath Unmatched, alone, in maiden dignity;
rung,
And though I viewed her with a lover's eye,
And to thy name the Muse one votive gar Twas not as if she were an earthly bride ;
land hung.
But my affections raised and purified,
The heart must be cold wood and Worshipped her with a spiritual extacy.
sterile in all the delicate sensibilities of
Sweet Moon! I have not gazed upon a face
Since my first days of passion, with a
our nature, which could refuse its tri-
thought
bute of admiration to poetry beautiful
So pure as then within my bosom
as this. In the concluding stanza of Du-
wrought,
rovernum we notice a coincidence with Gazing on thine; where 'twas my joy to
Milton which appears to bave been en-
tirely accidental. Mr. Brooke says,
The lineaments of One who seemed to
The rosy-finger'd hours, with circling flight,
have caught
ht, From thee her placid smiles and tranquil
Throng, eager to unbar the gates of day.
gaze.
So Milton in bis Paradise Lost
But we must close our quotations :-
The morn,
there are alternate passages of such
Waked by the circling hours with rosy hand gloon and brightness, such smiles and
Unbarred the gates of light.
tears, in this interesting little volume,
Of the minor pieces attached to Duro-
that we are at a loss to know whether
vernum we have only room for the fol- the author was born under Saturn or
lowing
Venus; they must have been in con-
BALLAD STANZAS.
junction ; but we sincerely desire that
When pain and hatred hemmed me round the more cheerful and happy of the two
In life's young years,
powers will rule in the ascendant.
One faithful hand at least I found
Travels in various Countries of Europe,
To dry my tears;
Asia, and Africa, by EDWARD DA-
One soothing voice, whose dulcet sound
Hushed my wild fears;
NIEL Clarke, LL.D. Part III.-
One heart to mine for ever bound
Scandinavia.--Section the First. 4to.
In life's young years.
pp. 764.
We hare derived much satisfaction
But now I am alone indeed
from the perusal of this work, and can-
Hope disappears;
I smile, but there is none to heed;
not justly apply to it the well-known
I sigh-nope hears!
apothegm, that a “great book is a great
I wither like the worthless weed,
evil.” The reputation of a diligent en-
But shed no tears,
quirer, acute observer, and on most oc-
For I feel I shall no solace need
casions an impartial narrator, which Dr.
In a few short years.
Clarke has so deservedly ohtained, will
SONNET.
not be diminished by the publication of
Written under a Print of Sappho.
the present volume; which comprehends
a relation of his travels through Den-
Sappho ! thou still art with us, and shalt be, mark, the whole of Sweden, the southern
Whilst painter can conceive, or bard can parts of Lapland, and the northern pro-
fcel;
Thy spirit lives; for Love hath set his
vinces of Norway. Dr. C. describes mi-
nutely every production, either of na-
seal
On thy immortal song; the savage sea
ture or art, which could be supposed to
Closed over thee in vain; thy verse shall free
engage the attention of an enlightened
Thy memory from oblivion, and appeal
traveller. The most interesting portion
E'en to the sternest heart, til drops shall of the work, and fortunately, the largest,
steal
is that which is devoted to an account of
From eyes that had no tears-except for his tour in Sweden, Lapland and Nor-
thee!
way. His comments on the state of
Daughter of Passion! in whore glowing agriculture, the progression of useful
frame,
and liberal arts, and the peculiarities of


1819.)
[ 345
]
the
MONTHLY REGISTER.
AGRICULTURE.
CHEMISTRY.
An improved Method of Cultivating the A Manual of Chemistry, containing the
Strawberry, Raspberry, and Gooseberry. principal facts of the science, arranged in
By T. Haynes, of Oundle. 8vo. 7s. second the order in which they are discussed and
edition.
illustrated in the Lectures of the Royal In-
ARTS.
stitution, with a Prelatory History of the
A new edition, with considerable addi- Science. By H. T. Brande. 8vo.
tions, of Capt. J. C. Laskey's Description of
COMMERCE.
the Elgin and Phigalian Marbles, arranged A General Commercial Dictionary, com-
conformably to the numbers as they are prehending Manufactures, Trade, Naviga-
now placed in the British Museum ; illus- tion, and Agriculture, as connected with
trated with a view of the two pediments of commerce, with Abstracts of the Laws re-
the Pantheon. Taken by Mons. Nointel, lating to the Regulation and Protection of
by order of the French King.
Trade and Merchandize. By Thos. Niorti.
A Complete History of Lithography, from mer and Wm. Dickenson, esqrs. Part I.
its origin down to the present time, by the 8vo. 5s.
inventor, Alois Senelelder. 4to. ll. 16s.
DRAMA.
A Descriptive Catalogue of a Collection The Patriot Father; a Play in Five Acts.
of Paintings hy British Artists, in the pos- Freely Translated from the German of Au-
session of Sir John Flemming Leicester, gustus Von Kotzebue. By F. Shoberl.
bart. By Wm. Carey, esq. with occasional
pp. 100.
remarks, &c. by Sir Richard Colt Hoare, There is a grrat deal of interest in the plot of
bart. Royal 8vo. 79. 6d.
this play, in which the draiatic unities are well
• Desaltory Exposition of an Anti-British preserved ; and we conceive that it might have
been adapted, with a very fair chance of suc.
System of Incendiary Publications, &c. in-
cess, to the purposes of representation at one of
tended to sacrifice the honour and interests
our metropolitan theatres. The ingenious trans.
of the British Institution, of the Royal Aca-
Tator, a gentleman well known in the literary
world as the editor of that highly respectable
Artists and their Patrons to the Passions, paper the “ Cornwall Gazetie," appears to have
Quackeries, and Falsehoods of certain dis- used much discretiou in his version of his original,
appointed Candidates for Prizes at the Bri- laving very judiciously omited several of the io-
tish Gallery, and Admission into the Royal congruities of Ko'zebue, and substituted in their
Academy. Respectfully addressed to the place passages which add considerably to its im.
British Institution and Artists and Ama provement. The style, though not often energetic.
is always corrert and elegant. On the whole, the
teurs of the United Kingdom. By Wm.
" Patriot Father," is certainly entitled to a nické
Carey. 8vo. 53. 6d.
among our most respectable modern dramas.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Mystery, or the Monk of St. Nicholas; a
Albin's General Catalogue of Books, toge- Tragedy in five Acts. 3s. 6d.
ther with some M.SS. Paintings, Prints, Tragic Dramas, chiefly intended for re-
Portraits, and Music. 2s.
presentation in private families. To which
· Ogle, Duncan and Coʻs. Select Catalogue is added, Aristomedes, a Tragedy from the
of Divinity for 1819. ls.
Italian of Monti. By Frances Burney. Eid
Arch's Catalogue of a Miscellaneous Cole
9s, 6d.
lection of Books, new and second hand. 2s.
EDUCATION.
BIOGRAPHY.
Exercises for Creek Verse, consisting of
Memoirs of John), Duke of Marlborough, extremely literal Translations from the An-
with his original Correspondence, collected tholoria, Apollonius Rhodius, Theocritus,
from the family Records at Blenheim and the feauments of the comic poets, Aristo-
other sources. By Wm. Coxe, M.A. vol. 3, phanes and Eurinedes, with short Noteg.
4to. 31. 3s.
By the Rev. E. Squire. Post 8vo. 79.
A Biographical Dictionary of the Worthies Essays, Biographical, Literary, Moral
of Ireland, comprising copious and impor- and Critical. By the Rev. John Evans,
tant Sketches of the Lives and Characters of 12mo. 5s. 6d.
eminent Natives of Ireland of every rank The Young Logician's Companion.com
and station, at any time celebrated in their prising Questions and Exercises on the
own or other countries, for their genius, Grammar of Logic. 12mo. ls. 60.
talent, or public virtues, in the various de- A View of the Intellectual Powers of Man,
partments of arms, politics, literature, sci- with observations on their cultivation adanta
ence, and art, carefully collected from the
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most authentic sources extant, and enriched T. Martin. 12mo. 35.
by valuable communications from private The Wrongs of Children, or a Practical
correspondents, hitherto inaccessible or un- Vindication of Children from the Injustice
sought by the compilers of biography. done them in early Nurture and Education.
3 vols. 8vo. vol. 1, 8vo. 159.
By the Rev. A. Bell, D.D. 6d.
BOTANY.
Scenes in Asia, for the amusement and
A Treatise on the Culture of the Melon, instruction of little tarry-at-home ravel
By J. Smith. 12mo. 6s.
lers. By the Rev. J. Taylor, 12mo, 4s.
New MONTHLY MAQ, -No. 64. Vol. XI.
2 Y


346
[May 1,
New Publications, with Critical Remarks.
or levying
Fles and Suffering
Rhetorical Exercises. By T. Ewing to the work; the opinions therein expressed are
12mo. 4s. 6d.
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Waterloo. 4to. 101. 10s.
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Wrightwick. Vol. I. Part IV. roy. 870. 29.
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young people, a more acceptable service could not Redmond the Rebel, or they met at Wa.
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wuch pleased with the ingenious critique prefiscd


1819.) New Publications, with Critical Remarks.
347
New Tales. By Mrs. Wilkinson. 8 vols. A Letter to the Hon. Thomas Brand,
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The plan and execution of this poem is respect. An Examination of the Cotton Factory
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A brief Treatise on Prisons, intended for
Toulmin is not entitled to a high rank in this age
the Use of Sheriffs, Magistrates, Grand
of poetry, he cannot but be considered as far
abore mediocrity. His minor pieces are dull and Jurors, &c. By R. Elsam. 12mo. 6s.
uninteresting;
A short Defence of the Whigs from the
“ We start-for soul is wanting there."
Imputations attempted to be cast upon them
during the late Election for Westminster.
The Priory of Berkinhead, a Tale of the
8vo. Is. 6d.
Fourteenth Century. By Thomas Whitby.
A Series of Letters on the Circulating
pp. 152.
Medium of the British Isles, addressed ro
This is rather a feeble performance, constructed the Editor of the Royal Cornwall Gazette.
upon the model of Goldsmith, but wanting his
8vo. Is. 6d.
melody of versification and fidelity of description.
The Question concerning the Deprecia-
It has some tolerable passages, but is, we are con-
tion of our Currency stated and examined.
cerned to state, altogether a beavy and tedious
By W. Huskisson, esq. M. P. 8vo. 2s.
production. We are sorry that this should be our
opinion, because we feel confident, from the senti-
THEOLOGY.
Thepts which are expressed in these pages, that
Lyra Davidis, or a new Translation and
their author's intentions were good, and that he Exposition of the Psalms. By the Rev.
is a person of amiable and generous feelings. John Fry. 8vo. 189.
Should be make another attempt, though we would Scripture compared with itself, in proof
not ou any account be understood as advising the of the Catholic Doctrine of the Holy Tri-
measure, we trust that it will be attended with nity. By J. Vaillant. 8vo. 29. 6d.
more success.
Lectures on Christianity. By Fox. 8vo. 9s.
Doctor Syntax in London, or the Plea Sermons on the Parables and Miracles of
sures and Miseries of the Metropolis. Jesus Christ. By the Rev. E. W. Grine',
Part I. roy. 8vo. 2s. 6d.
field. 8vo. 10s.
Woman; a Poem. By Eaton Stannard Plain and Practical Sermons. By the
Barrett, esq.; Author of “ The Heroine, Rev. J. Boudier. 8vo. 9s.
or Adventures of a Fair Romance Reader.” A Churchman's Second Epistle, with Notes
3d Edition, f. cap 8vo. Plates, 5s.6d. and Ilustrations. By the Author of Religio
Peter Bell, a Tale in verse. By William Clerici. 8vo. 5s.6d.
Wordsworth, esq. fc. 8vo.
Strictures on Wix's Reflections on the
The Past, and other Poems. By Miss expediency of an Union of the Churches of
Holford. 8vo. 4s.
England and Rome. By the Rev. H. C. ,
Yall's Poems and Songs. fc. 8vo. 7s. 6d. O'Dopnoghue. 8vo. 2s.
Clio's Protest, or the Picture Varnished;
or the Picture Varnished; The Family Expositor. Part I. and II.
with other Poems. By the late Rt. Hon. 12mo. 4s.
R. B. Sheridan. 8vo. 2s. 6d.
TOPOGRAPHY.
The Stage, a Poem, addressed to Mr. Antiquities of Sicily. By John Goldicatt.
Farren; containing Strictures on various fol. part I. II. 5s.
Performers. By J. Brown. 12mo. 2s.6d. A General History of the County of York.
A Translation of the Orlando Furisoso of By T. D. Whittaker, LL.D. Part I. fol.
Ariosto, with a Life and Notes, By W. S. 21. 29.
Rose.
VOYAGES AND TRAVELS.
Greenland, and other Poems. By James Narrative of a Voyage to the Spanish
Montgomery. fc. 8vo.
Main in the ship Two Friends; the Occupan
The Royal Minstrel, an Heroic Poem, in tion of Amelia Island by M'Gregor, &c. ;
Twelve Books By J. F. Pennie.
Sketches of the Province of East Florida,
POLITICS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY.
and Anecdotes illustrative of the Habits and
Manners of the Seminole Indians, with an
The Speech of the Rt. Hon. George Can- Appendix, containing a detail of the Semi-
ning, President of the Board of Control, in nole War, and the execution of Arbuthnot
the House of Commons on Tuesday, March and Arbrister. 8vo. 93.
4, 1819, in proposing Votes of Thanks to Letters from the Continent during the
the Marquis of Hastings and the British Months of October, November, and Decem-
Army in India. 8vo. Is. 6d.
ber, 1818, including a Visit to Aix la Cha-


348
Varieties, Literary, Scientific, sc.
[May ),
pelle and the left Bank of the Rhine. By By Mr. A. Salame, a Native of Alexandria
the Rev. J. W. Ormsby. 8vo. 9s.
in Egypt, Interpreter in his Britannic Ma-
Modern Voyages and Travels. Vol. 1, jesty's Service for Oriental Languages, who
No. 1. 8vo 35.
accompanied his Lordship for the subse-
A Voyage up the Persian Gulph, and a quent Negociations with the Dey. Publish-
Journey over Land from India to England ed by Permiss ou). Svo. 15s.
in 1817. By Lieut. W. Hende. 4to. 25s. A Year's Residence in the United States
A Voyage of Discovery made under the of America; treating of the Face of the
Orders of the Admiralty in his Majesty's Country, the Climate, the Soil, the Products,
Ships Isabella and Alexander, for the pur- the Mode of Cultivating the Land, the Price
pose of exploring Baffin's Bay, and of en- of Land, of Labour, of Food, of Raiment,
quiring into the Probability of a North West of the Expenses of Housekeeping, and of
Passage. By Captain John Ross. 4to. the usual Manner of Living, of the Man-
31. 138. 6d.
nery, Customs, and Character of the People,
A Narrative of the Expedition to Algiers and of the Government, Laws, and Religion.
in the year 1816, under the command of By Wm. Cobbett. 8vo. 185.
the Right Hon. Admiral Viscount Exmouth.
VARIETIES_LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &c.
IT appears by the University Calendar very common all over the country, and his
for the present year, that the total number own sheep often had it.
of members of this university, whose names An establishment, called the Imperial
are on the boards, is 3698, being 254 more Gas Light Company, is proposed, for more
than the preceding year, and an increase of effectually lighting the metropolis with gas.
one thousand fire hundred and seventy-six It is proposed that a capital of 200,0001.
since 1804, when the number was 2122.— shall be raised in shares of 501. each, to be
In order to admit more members of the uni- paid by instalments, as the progress of the
versity at St. Mary's church, the pulpit has works may require.
been removed, and is placed nearer the or- A new society is formed, consisting of the
gan; alterations have also been made in chief musical talents of the country, for the
some of the college chapels for the accommo- purpose of printing and editing their own
dation of a greater number of students.-- works, and of other eininent composers,
Cambridge Chronicle.
who may not belong to the society. They
As a spur to the exertions of the ships intend, also, printing the works of every ce-
about to sail on a voyage of Arctic discovery, lebrated composer deceased, which will be
the privy council have announced a reward got up in the very best manner. The Argyll
of 5,0001 for reaching Hearn's or Copper rooms are taken for the purpose of a music
Mine river; 10,0001. for reaching the Whale warehouse, where the concern will be car-
Island of Mac Kenzie; 15,0007. for reach- ried on.
ing 150° West longitude; and 20,0001. for Accounts from the banks of the Missis.
reaching the Pacific Ocean by a N.W: pas- sippi state, that the Mammoth has actually
sage. They also offer 10,0001. for reaching been discovered in existence, in the western
the latitude of 83°; 2,0001. for the latitude deserts of North America. According to
of 850; 3,0001. for 879; 4,0001. for 889; the descriptions given of it, this colossus of
and 5,0001. for 89" and upwards.
the animal kingdom is not carnivorous; it
It appears by a letter from Wm. Bruce, lives on vegetables, but more particularly on
esq., resident at Bushire, to Wm. Erskine, a certain species of tree, of which it eats the
esq. of Bombay, that the cow-pox has been leaves, the bark, and sometimes even the
long known in Persia by the Eliaats, or trunk. It nerer lies down, and sleeps, lean-
validering tribes. Mr. Bruce made very ing for support, against a tree. It has
particular inquiries among several different rather the shape of a wild boar than of an
tribes who visit Bushire in the winter to sell elephant, and is fifteen feet high. His body.
the produce of their flocks, such as carpets, is covered by a hairy skin, and he has no
rugs, butter, cheese, &c. and every Eliaat, of horn.-Tillock's Journal..
at least six or seven different tribes, uni- The governors of the Royal Dispensary
formly told him, that the people who are for diseases of the Ear, have presented Nr.
employed to milk the cattle caught a disease, Curtis, the surgeon of that Institution, with
which, after once having had, they were a superb piece of plate, as a token of the
perfectly safe from the small pox: that this estimation they entertain of his professional
disease vas prevalent among the cows, and abilities, and for his great attention to the
shewed itsell particularly on the teats; but patients placed under his care at that useful
that it was inore prevalent among, and more charity.
frequently caught from the sheep. A very The Interrogative System of Education,
respectab. farmer, who lives about fourteen or the system of teaching by questions, or
miles from Bushire, by name Malilla, con- text books without answers, which has been
firmed every thing that the Eliaats had told so successfully introduced in England, bas
him, and further said, that the disease was recently been adopted in France. A society


1819.)
349
Varieties-Literary, Scientific, fc.
of 1,500 members, of the most enlightened in the natural history of our globe, being
men in Paris, have undertaken to compose established throughout its various climates,
and publish no less than seventy-two ele- originally from British example, he will be
mentary books, on the plan of the several happy to treat with them upon the liberal
works so well known in the schools of the terms the lucrative and extensive nature of
British empire.
the concerns will so well admit of. A line
A new vegetable acid, entitled (Sorbic addressed to him at Peel's Coffee house,
Acid), has been discovered, to which the Fleet street, London, will meet with due at-
above name has been given, in consequence teption. The sums required will be about
of its being found in the greatest abundance 2,0001, for one patent, and 1,0001. the other.
in the mountain ash, and, we presume, Mr. Lee, the Arabic Professor, at Cam-
other varieties of sorbi. It differs very ma- bridge, compared with the admirable
terially from the malic acid, but experi Crichton. The accounts of prodigies are
ments have not yet sufficiently determined always received with doubt by prudent
its peculiar properties.
men; but the case we are about to submit
We are happy to observe, that the patri- having the testimony of so respectable a
otic president of the Board of Agriculture, witness as Mr. Archdeacon Corbett, we do
had patronized the plan of our correspon- not hesitate upon his authority to lay it
dent Mr. Doncaster, relative to finding em- before our readers, although the facts are
ployment for the present supertluous labour unknown to ourselves.
in the husbandry market, by the cultivation And in order that no misrepresentation
of commons by spade husbandry. We are or colouring shall take place, we will give it
now authorized by that gentleman to state, in the Archdeacon's words : “ Mr. Lee is a
that however he may feel tiattered by the native of the parish wherein I was born,
approbation of so distinguished an agricul- and wherein I continued to reside. The
tural character, yet Sir John's ideas of the only education he received, was that of a
extent of the improvements premeditated, village school, where nothing more than
fall far, very far short of the reality of his reading, writing, or arithmetic was taught.
extensive views; which, far from being li- He quitted this school at twelve years of age
mited to bringing a few chain commons, to learn the trade of a capenter and builder,
peculiarly favoured by their situations for urder his ingenious and respectable relative,
The obtainment of manure, into the desired Mr. Alderman Lee, of Shrewsbury; and it
state of high cultivation, indeed, go to no- was not till years after this that he conceived
thing less than effecting, in due course of the idea of acquiring foreign languages;
tiine, the improved fertilization of the gene- and then it was with such singleness of heart
ral face of the country, equally including that he pursued his object, that he neither
old pasture grounds, as well as arable lands sought nor accepted opportunities of com-
and commons; and, at the same time, to municating it; and it was not till after an
provide an inexhaustible stock of profitable interval of six years, and then by chance,
labour to themselves and the community at that I found out that he had in that space
large for the agricultural poor to resort to, taught himself to read and to write in Latin,
Whenever they find themselves at leisure in Greek, and in Hebrew. He had taught
from the current operations incident to the himself the Chaldee, the Syriac, and the
various seasons of the year, for at least a Samaritan languages-and all this unaided
century to come. Common prudence for- by any instructor, uncheered by any literary
bids his publishing the details of his plans companion, uninfluenced by the hope either
until patents have been obtained, whereby of profit or of praise. And here let me
he may be in the way of being remunerated pause at this very singular feature in the
for the years of study and thousands of portrait I am endeavouring to delineate; for
pounds expence, his various labours have where shall we meet with a devotion to let.
cost him, in bringing things to their present ters so solitary and so pure? I know, indeed,
perfection.--But in his late endeavours to that instances are not unfrequent, where the
attain a pecuniary coadjutorship in them, mind has arisen superior to its original des-
through ihe medium of repeated advertise- tination, or where eminence has been at.
ments inserted in the most popular London tained under circumstances adverse and un-
newspapers, he has uniformly been unsuc- favourable. But we more generally find,
cessful; for, whenever he came to lay his that a foundation has been laid, and that
pearls before the cockney swine, who were those who have distinguished themselves as
respondents to them, they did nothing but scholars have gone through the regular
grunt over them, without knowing what in routine of classical education, or been as-
the world to make of them.--He therefore sisted by masters of superior abilities. Such
requests us to state, that if any of our rural was the case with Mr. James Crichton, of
friends, whose habits in life lead them to Clunie, in Scotland, better known by the
know the difference between a turnip and a name of “ The Admirable Crichton," in the
carrot, or a spade and a plough, are dis- list of whose tutors we find the name even
posed to come forward to aid the great of Buchanan. And having introduced the
cause in hand, which, in all probability, is mention of this extraordinary person, this
destined sooner or later to form a new era “ Phonix of Literature," as he is designated


350
Varieties- Literary, Scientific, &c.
(May 1,
by one of his biographers, I would willingly Dr. Scott on the other, that we may attri-
run some parallel between him and Mr. bute Mr. Lee's subsequent engagement with
Lee. Mr. Crichton, then, was the son of a the Church Missionary Society, his admis-
gentleman of ancient family and hereditary sion at Queen's College, Cambridge, and his
fortune, and therefore we may presume that, ordination as a Minister of the Established
in addition to the living assistance I have Church.
mentioned, he was amply supplied with the But in defence of what I have ventured
usual helps and incitements to learning, and to assert, I must endeavour to draw this
that at an age when the mind is most ductile parallel somewhat closer. One of the Ad-
and open to such pursuits; whilst on the mirable Crichton's historians asks, Whether
other hand, we find Mr. Lee oppressed with it does not surpass comprehension, that in
the cares and labours of life, without any his 21st year he should he master of ten
living assistant whatsover; without the different languages, and perfectly well versed
stimulus either of hope or fear; seeking in philosophy, the mathematics, theology,
concealment rather than the smile of appro- the belles lettres, and other sciences. If Mr. .
bation, and very scantily supplied with the Crichton began his grammar at six years of
necessary materials; for Mr. Lee's earnings age, a supposition by no means improbable,
at this time were harely sufficient to the considering the aptness of the scholar, his
poorest maintenance, yet he spared from station in life, and the practice of the times,
this pittance to purchase such grammars we shall then find that the high degree
as could be met with upon the book-stalls of of knowledge we have stated was acquired
this town; and when he had read through in about 14 years; and it is now about 14
a volume procured in a similar manner, he years since Mr. Lee first opened a Latin
was forced to pay it away again, as part of grammar, and he has in that time taught
the price of the next book he wished to pur. himself 17 different languages. It is further
chase. Here then is a string of difficulties said that Mr. Crichton offered to dispute in
surmounted by Mr. Lee, which Mr. Crich- the 12 following languages :-
ton had not to combat. Again, it is said 1 Hebrew
7 French
that Mr. Crichton's learning, however stu . 2 Syriac
8 Italian
pendous, was not acquired by the sacrifice of
3 Arabic
9 English
any of those pleasures in which youth usually 4 Greek
10 Dutch
indulges, or by the omission of any of those
5 Latin
11 Flemish
accomplishments in which it becomes a gen-
8 Spanish
12 Sclavopian.
tleman to excel. Now, so far as this marks
Those Mr. Lee has taught himself are
out the interruptions given to Mr. Crichton's
severer studies, we shall find those of Mr.
the following:
Lee at least equally broken in upon, and
1 Latin
10 French
that from causes much more imperative.
2 Greek
11 German
Mr. Lee had not to balance between read-
3 Hebrew
12 Italian
ing and relaxation; he had to pass from
4 Chaldee
13 Ethiopic
bodily fatigue to mental exertion for he
5 Syriac
14 Coptic
omitted, during the six years I have men-
6 Samaritan
15 Malay
tioned, none of the hours usually appro-
7 Arabic
16 Sanscrit
priated to manual labour; he retired
8 Persic
17 Bengalee.
regularly to rest at 10 o'clock at night:
9 Hindostanee !
he suffered during this time from a complaint and if we add the English, included in Mr.
in his eyes; and of the inadequate leisure Crichton's list of 12, it makes 18, or an ex-
thus left him, parteven of that was dedicated cess of one-third.
to what may be deemed accomplishment: In mathematics we are told Mr. Crichton
so that it does not appear that Mr. Crichton was perfectly“ at home," and that he offered
either read or remembered with greater ra- to dispute upon mathematical subjects. Of
pidity than Mr. Lee has done. And when Mr. Lee, I have something much more defi.
Mr. Lee exchanged his trade for the supernile to relate: when he entered at Cambridge,
intendence of a charity-school, his hours he was unacquainted with the mathematics;
were not much more at his own disposal. but in one fortnight he qualified himself to
It was at this time that the well known and attend a class which had gone through
much respected Oriental scholar, Dr. Jona several books in Euclid, and he soon after
than Scott, some time Persian Secretary to discovered an error, not indeed in Euclid,
Mr. Hastings, in India, furnished Mr. Lee but in a teatise on Spherical Trigonometry,
with an Arabic Grammar; and he had then, usually bound up with Simpson's Euclid,
for the first time in his life, the pleasure of the 14th proposition of which Mr. Lee
conversing upon the study in which he was disproved. Now as Simpson's edition of
engaged : and it is to this auspicious circum- Euclid may be looked upon as a text book
slance, improved as it was by the wonderful at either university, as it is the one usually
proficiency of Mr. Lee, on the one hand, (for put in the hands of students, and to which
in a few months he was capable of reading, the lectures of the tutors apply, it is most
writing, and composing in both Arabic and wonderful if a mistake sliould have been
Persic,) and to the unremitting kindness of pointed out in such a work, and for the first


352
Varieties-Literary, Scientific, fc. [May 1,
applied to the Minister of Marine to be em- is known to have come from Syria to Mentz,
ployed.
69 years after the birth of Christ.
Prizes offered in France.-The Society
SWEDEN.
'for the encouragement of National Industry The Council of Mines at Stockholm, has
in France, hare offered the following lately published a report, of which the fol-
prizes :-improved manufacture of sewing lowing is the substance :-
needles, 3000 francs-dressing of flax and The mine of Great Hopperberg, Dear
hemp without soaking, 1500--new method Fahlun, in Dalecarlia, is the oldest copper
of silvering the back of mirrors, 2,400— mine. Its privileges are dated from the
dying wool scarlet by madder, without co- thirteenth century, and were granted by
chineal, for artificial diamonds and precious Kings Waldemar and Magnus Ladislas.
stones, 1200 francs--preservation of alimen. There are few mines of such extraordinary
tary substances, according to M. Appert's depth; but the excavations have been so
process, 2000 francs- best mode of salting badly managed, that several vaults have
provisions, 2000 francs-construction of a fallen in, and intercepted the passage to this
country windmill, 4000 francs-for planting immense cavern.
the northern pine, 1000 francs--for plant. There are two great hollows in the form
ing the Scotch pine, 1000 francs. These of tunnels, one at the great mine, and the
have been offered before, and are not yet other at the mine of Louisa Ulrica. That
merited.
of the great mine is 53 fathoms high. There
The following are other prizes :- For the are four principal wells, bearing the names
completion and performance of the miria, of King Frederick, Adolphus Frederick,
(a machine for raising water,) 1000 francs Louisa Ulrica, and Count Wrede.
for the construction of a new water-wheel, The geometrician of the mine of Fahlun
3000 francs-a mill for cleaning Indian cannot make use of the compass in drawing
corn, 600 francs-for the establishment of plans of his works, owing to the great quan-
wells for obtaining water by filtration, two tity of iron, which abounds in all the Swe-
prizes, 1800, and 3000 francs--preparation dish mines. Neither can ropes be employ-
for materials adapted to the arts of engrav- ed in the caverns, for the abundance of vj-
ing, 1500 francs-a substance that may be triolic and coppery water would speedily rot
cast in a mould like plaister of Paris, and of them: iron chains are, therefore, adopted,
greater durability, 2000 francs-manufac- but even these are destroyed in a short
ture of Russia leather, two prizes, 1500 and time. The use of buckets is strictly forbid-
3000 francs-to the maker of the hydraulic den, and the workmen descend by steps
press that shall have been substituted for made in the galleries.
the common presses of oil and wine, 2000 The mechanism employed for clearing
francs.
the mine and extracting the ore is admira-
Skin of the Rhinoceros.-It appears from ble, as well for the magnitude of the works,
some experiments made lately in India, that as the skilful economy of power. The
the skin of the Rhinoceros will resist a mus- moveable force is given by two wheels, the
ket shot, though fired from a piece at a largest of which measures about 24 ells in
short distance only. These experiments diameter; it is set in motion by the water of
were made on the body of an individual, a lake behind the mountain, and with which
which had been of great size, and very old. there is a communication by means of an
It was killed near Givalpara, on the borders aqueduct. This wheel turns a cylinder, to
of the Asam country. The number of them which is attached a dented wheel of smaller
in those parts is immense. The Bouram. size, and which turns in an opposite direc-
poutes is sometimes so covered by them that tion : two hooks are made to fasten into the
though nearly a league across, the smallest
this wheel : one or oth
these
vessel cannot find room to pass.
hooks is lowered according to the direction
Ancient Toun in Egypt.-An ancient in which it is found necessary to turn the
city has been discovered in the mountains, wheel. The great wheel serves, at the same
about nine hours journey from the Red Sea, time, for moving the balances communicat-
between 24° and 25° of latitude. There are ing with the pumps placed diagonally in the
till above 800 houses remaining and among caverns for raising the water which might
the ruins are found various temples. There incommode the workmen. By an ingenious
are eleven statues, and the fragments of contrivance, the same water which has turn-
others. The French traveller who disco ed the great wheel, lower down, serves the
vered this place, has also ascertained the an- same purpose a second time.
cient stations that were appointed on the The number of workmen employed in
route through the desert, going from the one mine sometimes amounts to 1200. To
Red Sea to the Valley of the Nile.
prevent any deficiency of coal, the proprie-
Ancient Bridge.--A stone has been taken tors of the neighbouring estates are obliged
up lately in the Rhine, from one of the piles to supply them with a certain quantity at a
of an ancient bridge on the side of Cassel. fixed price.
It was four feet long, and two wide, having The mine of Fahlun is a hard kind of Pyo
for an inscription, LEG. XXII. It is judge rites, which is very difficult to work. The
ed probable, therefore, that the bridge has labourers advance only a few fathoms yearly,
been built by the 22d Roman Legion, which notwithstanding the aid of gunpowder. The
ro


ŽSIO.)
353
Fine Arts.
richest veins lie in the deepest parts of the the dispute, which was at length terminated
mine, and branch out towards the west and by the contending parties dividing among
north.
themselves the coasts and bays where the
Silver may be extracted from the copper whale fishery was carried on.
of Fahlun, though by a very difficult pro- Harassed by these numerous enemies,
cess. Of this silver a medal was cast in the the whale, whose instinct is to fly at the ap-
year 1755, to commemorate the risit made proach of danger, sought refuge among the
by King Adolps us Frederick, the Queen, ice of the northern regions ; but nothing
his consort, and Gustarus III. then Prince could save it from its pursuers, and conse-
Rora!, to the mine of Fahlun.
quently the species has sensibly diminished,
The rough copper, when taken from the and the fishery becomes more and more dif-
fumaces of fahlun, is conveyed to Avestadt, ficult.
a town about four miles distant, on the banks Vessels of a reculiar construction are em-
of the Dal-Olven, lo be refined. The pro- ployed in the whale fishery. The whale is ·
cess of refining copper was not introduced surrounded by boats, and the fishers har-
in Sweden till the year 1621.
poon the enormous animal at the risk of
The retining furnace is a simple wall, being overwhelmed by it. The fat and the
through which a hole is made to admit the horny laminæ of the jaws are the only parts
muzzle of the bellows, which are moved by of the whale which are fit for use; its flesh
water. Before the wall is a ditch in which is not eatable, but the fat furnishes excellent
arc deposited the masses of copper covered lamp oil, and is besides employed in various
with coal. The metal is melted by the manufactures.
strength of the fire, and the scoria is re- The Biscayeneers were formerly accus-
moved by degrees; that which remains attomed to melt the fat on board the vessel, as
the bottom is called regulus, and is expected soon as the animal was cut up, as by this
to contain gold.
means they obtained the oil perfectly fresh.
The copper which, during the process The fear of accidents by fire has, however,
of refining, is volatilized with the smoke, induced the whale fishers to relinquish this
collects in red powder on the edges of a method. The fat is now melted after it is
frame which surrounds the chimney.
brought ashore, and in consequenceof being
Whale Fishery.-The people inhabiting kept the oil acquires a disagreeable smell.
the coast of the Bay of Biscay were the first Whales were formerly caught measuring
who attempted the whale fishery; and for a 200 feet in length, and they produced from
considerable period they alone supplied Eu- 60 to 80 tons of oil. The largest whales
rope with the oil of that great cetaceous that have been taken of late years do not
fish. The Dutch, however, soon became measure above 80 feet.
their rivals, and the company which was es In former times the whale seems never to
tablished by the latter, about the year 1614, have been taken on the English coasts ex-
excited the jealousy of England, who wished cept when it was accidentally flung ashore.
to become mistress of this branch of com It was then deemed a royal fish, as appears
merce.* The Biscayeneers took a share in from the statute of Edward II. anno. 17mo.
and the King and Queen divided the spoil;
* It appears from a set of queries pro- the King asserting his right to the head, and
posed hy an honest merchant in the year her majesty claiming the tail.*
1575, that we were at that period totally ig-
norant of the whale fishery, being obliged to and one cooper skilful to set up the slaved
send to Biskaie formen skilled in the catch- cask. Hackluyt's Voyages.
ing of the whale, and ordering of the oil, Blackstone's Com. I. c. 4.
FINE ARTS.
AFTER having displayed the works of modern pictures, under their auspices,
of the British Artists, and invited the this year, amounted to a large sum; and
country to patronise native genius in the advancing fame of the British school
erery department of art, in February keeps pace with the progress of a sound
and March, the Directors of the British taste and the judicious plans of the di-
Institution opened the British Gallery rectors.
on Monday, April 19th, with a fine se- The exhibition of the Society of
lection of pictures, by the old masters. Painters in Oil and Water Colours open-
The wisdom of this proceeding is too ob- ed at the Great Room, in Spring Gar-
vious to require comment, and indeed dens, on Monday the 19th April, with
the inotives of this persevering activity 350 paintings in oil and water colours;
are beyond all praise. The public begin among which there are many of great
to second the efforts of this patriotic excellence, and, as usual, in large collec-
• body with a warmth that is calculated to tions, some of an inferior order. The
produce the happiest effects. The sales limits to which we are prescribed, and
New MONTILY MAG.--No.64. VOL. XI. 2 Z


354
Fine Arts.
(May 1,
the lateness of the date, compel us to PHANOPF, is cleverly designed and paint-
pass, at present, briefly over the whole, ed with spirit, but with less force and de-
with a notice of a few of the most con- licacy than we sometimes see from this
gpicuous in merit, hy a mention of little excellent artist's pencil. No. 80, by
more than their paines. The principal the same, has great merit, though, like
landscape in oil, the Burial of Saul, by the preceding, painted with less finish-
J. VARLEY, is a grand composition, and ing than usual with him.- 122, 337, 349,
one of the very best performances of by W. TURNER, of Oxford, are painted
this able artist's pencil. Two of the with much force of colouring and rigour
mnen in front are, howerer, somewhat of effect.
short. Barret's Ulysses in Search No. 122, l'ia diala, Canton of the Gri-
of Eumenes, is an expanded classical sons, by this artist, is a landscape
composition, with many features of of much romantic grandeur, painted with
beauty, and a commanding breadth in the a force and harmony of colour and
scenery, which would admit of being power of effect, equal to the best style of
worked up to a high order of effect; but the most celebrated landscape painters.
the sky requires to be somewhat lower Falstaff acting the King, by H.
in tone, and some of the landscape forms Richter, is one of the most admi-
are cramped, and might be treated with rable dramatic representations we have
more freedoin. Christall, always rich seen.- We conceive however that the
in gems, has several small ideal land. fat Knight is surpassed by the sub
scapes and figures in a pure taste, and ordinates; but, in spirited design,
high order of design. Copley Field. force of colouring, depth of effect, and
ING's, tinted Views have great excel- variety of character and expression, this
lence, and a fine sense of local beauty. performance possesses so large a fuod of
Prout's Shipping are cleverly designed excellence, tbat we regret being obliged
and coloured. Robson has many pic- to limit our remarks to this brief notice.
turesque landscapes; but in some few Mr. John Smith (known by the appella-
instances is still too gay in his colour- tion of Claude Lorraine Smith) has three
ing, and rather inclined to mannerisin delicious prospects, in which he has deli-
in his touch. J. STEPHANOFF's Interior neated the day-light with exquisite sim-
of Sir J. Leicester's Gallery, and that of plicity and truth. We hope in our next,
the Court of Judicature in Ceylon, are ad- jf allowed by our restricted space, to con-
mirable drawings. F. P. STEPHANOTF's tinue our observations on the works of
k'oyal Apurtments, and C. Wild's Inti- art in this very interesting exhibition.
rivis, sustain their distinguished reputa. The gallery of Sir JOHN FLEMING
tion. Buckler has some good architec- Leicester has been regularly opened
tural views. T. CHRISTMASS has a study for the display of his splendid collection
of a dog, cleverly painted. Starck's of paintings, by British artists, every
landscapes in oil are pleasing, but some- Monday since the 15th of March. The
what less free and forcible than those sensation produced among the nobility
which he recently exhibited at the Bri- and gentry, artists, amateurs, and men of
tish Gallery. Linnel's have a power letters, has been even still greater than
ful effect and a deep feeling of nature; last season. The additional pictures by
but would admit of more liarmony and Fuseli, Turner, Collins, and Hilton, have
lightuess of penciling. No. 50, by C. been duly appreciated. The View on the
VARLEY, is cold, raw, and tov slight for Arno, by Wilson, is considered by all
an exhibition picture. No. 113, his the best judges one of the finest speci-
Ruins of Troy is well designed, but mens of local colouring in the world.
crude and deficient in union. ALLPORT'S This picture will have a salutary effect,
Tivoli, evening, is an agreeable view, in checking a tendency to the brown and
but wants freedom in the penciling, and dingy manner, which prevails even in the
mellowness of tone. Miss GOULDSMITH works of some of our first-rate landscape
has several pleasing bits of landscape. painters. The people of this country
Her views of Claremont are painted want nothing more immediately for the
with much strength and taste, and in advancement of taste than self-estimation
a low mellow tone. We are happy to in the Fine Arts, and the public eclat of
learn, that she is about to publish prints this fine collection, under the spirited
from these very interesting pictures, and conduct of the munilicent proprietor, has
we hope that she will meet with that en done inore to excite a generous national
couragement of which the merits of her pride than any other individual effort in
paintings are deserving.
our memory. The splendour of the Hill-
No.39, the Discovery, by F. P. Sr.- street Gallery, and the impartial protec-


356 Observations on Mr. Bucke's Tragedy of The Italians. [May 1,
ters on the soul. Shakespear's main be performed immediately before The
power is generally in the present time. Bride of Abydos ; and when the latter
We may dispense with the unities of was represented, Mr. Bucke was assured
place, but we can never dispense with that The Italians should be brought out
that essential dramatic principle which the next in succession. The gross
is necessary to bring the greatest power breach of this engagement, and the be-
of impression to bear upon the senses lief that the obstacle to the performance
and passions of an audience. It is im- originated with a principal actor, excited
probable that Albanio should have been a popular ferment on the publication of
twenty years an outlaw in arms against the drama, with the author's account of
his country, and that he should not have the treatment which he had experienced.
confided the murder of his wife, his un. The feeling of indignation in the first
just sentence, and escape from prison circles induced the managers of Drury-
to his faithful companionsin danger long lane Theatre to bring out The Italians,
before. It is as improbable that his on Thursday the 3d of April, after the
companions, having been so long in sight author had withdrawn it wholly, in con-
of Naples, which had been the scene of sequence of the shameful conduct upon
his misfortunes, should have remained the stage on the performace of Miss
in ignorance of his story. If Mr. Bucke Porter's tragedy of Switzerlund. Mr.
had brought his events closer together, Bucke was, by this proceeding of the
\he would have thereby invigorated the managers, subjected to much hazard, and
interests of his fable, and given them a the success of his piece was rendered ex-
warmth and racy freshness; he would, tremely doubtful. Instead of being sup-
also, have marked the motives and cha- ported by the whole force of the com-
racters of his agents with more force, pany on which he had relied, he was
and brought his appeals more directly deprived of its main strength in Mr.
home to the heart. There are many Kean, as it was fixed to bring out The
touches of gentle feeling and beauty in Italians during that actor's absence in
the character of Scipio which do great Scotland. As the public and the ma-
credit to the author; and the love of nagers are convinced that the success of
country is expressed by Fontano with tragedy on this stage depends on the
a spirit worthy of an ancient Roman. great abilities of Mr Kean, and that the
The scenery, as a back-ground, is grand, theatre could not support itself without
but the piece does not abound with situa- him, it is undeniable that they did not
tions which are productive of very strik- give Mr. Bucke's tragedy any thing like
ing effect. Having thus, with a due con. à fair trial in bringing it out deprived of
viction of its merits, given our impartial that aid, which is their acknowledged
sense of its general defects, we invist also effective support. On the contrary, it
add our opinion, that the faults of this may be with truth asserted, that no new
drama have arisen more from inattention travedy could stand any tolerable chance
and incxperience than a want of power, of success with the Drury-lave company,
and that many of them can be easily cor. as it is constituted, in Mr. Kean's ab-
rected. We still recur to our original sence. The fact is, therefore, palpable
conviction that, considered as a whole, that, by delaving to perform their pro-
it possesses, to say the least of it, as mise to Mr. Bucke, while that admirable
strony claims upon the favour of an au- performer was in town, and by perform-
dience, as some of those which have suc- ing it in his absence, they deliberately
cecded in the London theatres within exposed The Italians to an almost cer-
these few years ; and we have very little, tain failure. But this was not all the
or rather no doubt (although it would danger to which the tragedy was exposed.
probably never have become a stock. Mr. Kean had, before his departure for
picce) but that it would have been suc. Glasgow, most unwisely and reprehen-
cessful, if the first promises made to the sively passed sentence of condemnation
author, on its acceptance, had been faith- on the tragedy in a never-to-be-for-
fully fulfilled.
gotten letter, which he published in the
It has been ascertainer, beyond a daily papers. The whole of this actor's
doubt, by the author's preface, that The friends were, therefore, enlisted against
Italians had been accepted, with appro- the author, and bent on condenining the
bation, by the managers of Drurv-lane play, to vindicate their favourite's pre-
| Theatre in November 1817, and that judgment. We need not remind our
Mr. Bucke had a promise that it would readers that the attachment of a certain
be acted without delay. A notice was party of Mr. Kean's immediate as-
even inserted in the bills that it would sociates, and their violent war upon


18 19.] Observations on Mr. Bucke's Tragedy of The Italians. 957
every person, whether a new actor card thrown upon the stage, to Mr.
or author, who is supposed to inter- Stephen Kemble, at whose feet it lay
fere with his popularity, have obtained for some ininutes, while the howling of
for them the epithet of Wolves. As the Wolves, and the cries of “ No
Mr. Bucke had to encounter the deter- Kean!" -“ Kean in Albanio!” - and
mined noise and uproar of these parti- “ A third night for the Italians !"-pre-
sans; and as the company in Mr. Kean's vented the possibility of any address
absence was absolutely ineffective in being heard. Vip. Keuble at length
tragedy, the fate of the Italians was took up the card, read it, and withdrew.
decided before the curtain drew up. It Shortly after, to the general astonish-
is not necessary, therefore, to occupyment, board was advanced from be-
our space with the painful particulars of lind the scenes, bearing an inscription,
a performance which marks in disgraceful announcing that The Tidians wus with
cra in the fallen state of Drury Lane druun. There was a propriety in omit-
Theatre. Even if they had used their ting the usual words, it ihe request of
utmost exertions, the majority of the the audience, for it is an undoubted fact,
performers were inadequate to their that The Italians was withdrawn in op-
task, but it was evident that some did position to the expressed wish of the au-
their best to murder the characters dience.
which they had undertaken. The in- We shall not detail the long confu-
dignant calls from all parts of the house, sion unil uproar which ensued. Mr.
“to play up," bore testimony to this Bucke, hy luis temperate and gentlemanly
shameful endeavour of particular actors appeal to the press, has rendered il ser-
Mr. Rae, with the feelings and spirit of rice to the literature of his country, for
a gentleman, made an able and success- which se ove loin our thanks. His
ful exertion in the part of Albanio, and cause has merged in the general interest,
he deserved and received much applause and we conceire that the friends of Mr.
as an actor, and estecin as a man, by his lean and the managers of Drury Lane
performance: Mrs. West, also, success- Theatre owe him the reparation of per-
fully exerted herself.-The piece was forining the piece with Kean in Albanio,
acted amridst an uproar of approbation the very first play-night after that emi-
and opposition, and given out for il se- nent actor's return from Glasgow. This
cond trialou Euster Ilonday! a night not is in more than a debt of common justice
very fit for such a decision, as the festi- to Mr. Bucke, and still more is it due to
vities of the season usually fill the house the character of Mr. Kean, the interests
with noisy holiday company. An un of the drama, the existence of that
justifiable hostility to Mr. Bucke was theatre, and the wounded feelings of
manifested behind the scenes, by refusing the public.
him an author's customary privilege of We admire Vr. Kean as a tragedian
sending in a few friends on his own free of the rery highest class, in characters
orders. He was eren informed, that of rough, impetuous passion; and we
he might have a place for himself in the would do him the service of a wholesome
orchesiru-where he must have been ex- admonition as a man. It is clear now,
posed to all the painful contingencies of that, in Drury Lane Theatre, a system
the night! Its repetition, therefore, bas prevajied in direct hostility to the
was like the first performance - a strug- true interests of the drama, and of the
gle between fair applause and party proprietors of the house. A writer,
hostility. On the falling of the curtain instead of being encouraged to lay his
there was evidently a large inajority for plot upon the broad round pioor of
Vir. Kean's being called on to perform the world, and to draw his characters
the part of Albanio after his return from nature at large, is compelled to
from Glasgow.
narrow his views to the green room,
A gentleman complied with the ge- and draw from nature's journeyman.
neral request, and rastily wrote on He must paint from and for one per-
a large card_" When the Italians was former only! whose consequence is to
accepted by the sub-committee of Drury be supported by lopping, paring, and
Lane Theatre, Mr. Kean was pledged neutralizing all the other characters.
to perform a principal part in it; and They are to be shorn of the moral and
the manager is now called on to engage essential properties of identity, to form
his word, that Mr. Kean will perform bv their insignificance and degradation,
a part in it on the first night after his a foil to a theatrical despot. The actors
return to London." After much effort and actresses, too, are to be chosen for
and trouble, he succeeded in having this the excess of their bodily and profes,


358
New Acts.
[May 1,
sional incapacity, not for their powers! for the calm and firm spirit, with which
We protest against this monstrous he has resisted this tyranny, and brought
usurpation and debasement of the thea- the evil practice and its abettors, in all
tre; and, as members of society and their full grown insolence and deformity,
lovers of the drama, we again express to the bar of the public.
W.C.
our debt of warm gratitude to Mr. Bucke
NEW ACTS,
PASSED IN THE FIRST SESSION OF THE SIXTH PARLIAMENT OF THE UNITED
KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND--59 GEO. 111. (1819.)
CAP. I. An Act to provide for the care of Cap. VI. An Act to enable his Majesty
His Majesty's Royal Person during the con- to direct the distribution of any reward
tinuance of his Majesty's Illness.- Repeals awarded by the Commissioners of the Cus-
51 Gco. III c. 1, 52 Geo. 11). c. 8, 58 Geo. toms or Excise, to the Officers of the Army,
III. 90.--Care of his Majesty's person and Navy, and Marines, in such manner as his
household, &c. to be vested in the Duke of Majesty shall be pleased to appoint. March
York.--Appointients in the Lord Cham- 23.
berlain, &c. reserved.-- Power of the officers Cap. VII. An Act to regulate the Cutlery
of the household limited.-Council to assist Trade in England, where articles are formed
the Duke of York.-Oath to be taken by the by the Hammer, the manufacturers to have
members of the Duke of York's council.- the privilege of making them with the figure
Council may examine physicians and others of a hammer.-Persons having manufac-
upon oaih.Council to meet and to declare tured articles in their possession empowered
the state of his Majesty's health to the privy to mark the same with the figure of a ham-
council.--When it shall appear that his mer.-Unlawful for persons casting cutlery
Majesty's health is restored, the same shall wares, requiring edges for cutting, to mark
be notitied to the privy council, and entered with the figure of a hammer.-Penalty on
in their books.--After such entry, his Ma- persons casting, marking, &c. any articles
jesty may, by sign manual, require the with the words “ London,” or “ London
privy council to asscmble.--Powers of this made," except so made.- Persons having
act to cease on his Majesty's declaring, by in their possession articles marked contrary
proclamation, his resumption of the royal hereto, before the passing of this act, to be
authority. In case of the death of the Duke excused from penalties.- Persons having
of York, the care of his Majesty's person in their possession articles marked contrary
shall be vested in the duke's council, until to the directions of this act, who shall, before
provision be made by Parliament.— The any information be laid, prove the purchase
Regent to issue a proc'amation for the meet without knowing that the articles were im-
ing of parliament, in case the parliament properly marked, to be excused from the
be not sitting.-Regulations for calling the penalties. March 23.
meeting of a new parliament if the event Car. VIII. An Act to continue, until 25th
shall happen before the day appointed hy day of March, 1820, an Act of the last ses-
writs of summons, or in cases where it shall sions of Parliament for preventing Aliens
happen upon or after the day appointed by from becoming naturalized, or being made
writ of summons. Feb. 12.
or becoming denizens, except in certain
Cap. II. An Act for reviving and further cases. March 23.
continuing, until the first day of May, 1819, Cap. IX. An Act for punishing Mutiny
an act made in the fifty-first year of his pre- and Desertion, and for the better Payment of
sent Majesty, intituled, an Act to extend an the Army and their Quarters. March 23.
Act made in the eighteenth year of his late Cap. X. An Act for the regulating of
Majesty, King George the Second, to explain his Majesty's Royal Marine Forces while on
and amend the Laws touching the Elections Shore. March 23.
of the knights of the Shire to serve in Parlia- Cap. XI. An Act to indemnify such per-
ment for England, respecting the Expenses sons in the United Kingdoms as have omit-
of Hustings and Poll Clerks, so far as re- ted to qualify themselves for Offices and
gards the City of Westminster. Feb. 12. Employments, and for extending the times
Car. III. An Act for continuing to his limited for certain of those purposes re-
Majesty certain Duties on Malt, Sugar, To. spectively, until the 25th day of March,
bacco, and Snuff, in Great Britain, and on 1820, and to permit such persons in Great
Pensions, Offices, and Personal Estates in Britain, as have omitted to file affidavits of
England, for the service of the year 1819. the Execution of Indentures of Clerks to
Feb. 18.
Attornies and Solicitors, to make and file
Cap. IV. An Act for raising a sum of the same on or before the 1st day of Hilary
Twenty Millions, by Exchequer Bills, for Term, 1820, and to allow persons to make
the service of the year 1819. March 23. and file such affidavits, although the persons
Cap. V. An Act to ascertain the Tonnage whom they served shall have neglected to
of Vessels propelled by Stean. March 23. take out their annual certificates. Mar. 23


1819.)
(359
USEFUL ARTS.
NEW PATENTS.
side opposite that upon which the power is
Specification of the Patent granted to applied, and an opening in the plate corre-
Thomas HEPPENSTALL, of Doncaster, ma sponds with that of the collar. In this plate
chine-maker, for an improvement upon the collars with apertures of different diameters
Engine or Machine for cutting or reducing may be placed, the opening in the plate or
into what is called Chaft, different articles standard being made at least equal to the
used as dry fodder for horses and cattle.- opening of any of the collars. The collar
Dated March, 1818.
is about five inches in thickness, and the
The invention consists in the application opening is made a little tapering, the dia-
of a worm to turn wheels or rollers, which meter being something larger on the side
in their revolution are required to meet each opposite that upon which the power is
other. This is performed by an axle on applied than upon the other, and that end
which the cutting knives are fixed; upon of the cylinder which is first inserted in
one end of which is a fly-wheel, and handle the collar is also made slightly to taper at
to turn it. On the same axle is a worm, the extremity. The mandrel, which is of
which in its vibration turns the two wheels, course longer than the cylinder, and with
fixed upon the ends of two rollers, which the cylinder upon it is put into the collar on
supply or feed the cutting-knives with the the side opposite to that upon which the
straw or other articles to be cut or reduced power is applied, and by the tapering of
into what is called chaff. A box is placed, the end of the cylinder, and of the open-
in which the straw or other article is placed ing of the collar as above described,
to feed the rollers.
the extremity of the cylinder will just pass
Specification of the Patent granted to through the collar, a chain is connected at
RICHARD ORMROD, of Manchester. Iron- one extremity with the moving power, and
fonnder, for an Improvement in the Manuat the other with the mandrel by means of a
facturing of Copper, or other Metal Cylin- hook and socket, the end of the mandrel
ders or Rollers for Calico Printing:-Dated placed in the socket, and a steel cottar or
July, 1818.
pin passes through both, and thus con-
The cylinders are made in the usual way, nected the hook fits into a link of the chain.
they are generally formed of copper or brass, The power being set in action, the mandrel
or copper and brass united, and are either with the cylinder upon it is drawn through
cast or made from plates soldered together. the collar. The cylinder in this opera-
This invention is equally applicable, whe- tion is prevented from being forced off
ther the cylinders are formed in the one me the mandrel by a slit or cavity made in
thod or the other. First place the cylinder the end of the mandrel, into which a
for about a quarter of an hour in a mixture projection inside the cylinder at its ex-
of oil of vitriol and water, and afterwards tremity is made to fit. The operation.
scour it well until every part is free from is repeated through successive collars,
scale and dirt. This method of cleaning whose diameters gradually diminish until
the metal cylinders is not new, nor is it the cylinder is brought to a proper state of
claimed as an invention. After the cylinder smoothness and solidity. The number of
is well cleaned, place it on a mandrel of iron operations must of course vary with the
or steel (a mandrel of iron inlaid with steel nature of the metal, the diameter of the
is preferable,) adapted as closely as possible cylinder and other circumstances, and no
to the hollow of the cylinder ; then pass the certain rule can be laid down upon the
mandrel with the cylinder fixed upon it subject; but it must be left to the workmen
through a collar of iron or steel, (the former to determine when the cylinder is brought
is preferred, on account of its cheapness,) to a proper and perfect state. In this there
the diameter of the collar is something will be no difficulty. The power which is
smaller than that of the surface of the cylin used for the above purpose is about a
der, the consequence of which is, that hy hundred horse power, estimated at the place
the pressure resulting from this operation, where it acts upon the mandrel. The cy-
the pores of the metal of which the cylinder linders are usually about twenty-six inches,
is formed are closed, and the metal being and thirty-six inches in length, before they
made to press equally upon the mandrel, are drawn through the collars, and the
becomes throughout of one texture, and of operation is generally repeated until they
great and uniform hardness and solidity. are extended to the length of about thirty-
The method of drawing the mandrel and cy- two and forty-two inches. The diameter of
Jinder through the collar may be variously the first collar is about one eighty-fourth
contrived. It has been found convenient to part of an inch less than that of the out-
fix a strong iron plate or standard in a verti- ward surface of the cylinder; and of the
cal position, and to secure it firmly to a frame second collar about one eighty-fourth of an
or table, constructed with great strength and inch less than that of the first collar, and so
solidity. The collar is fixed on a groove or in succession; but these proportions and
bed formed in this plate or standard, on the the extent of the power may of course be


300
Literury Report.
[May 1,
varied, and the machinery may be con- cylinder has passed through the different
structed and the power applied in different collars, and is brought to a proper state of
modes; the above being described merely smoothness and solidity, place it in the usual
as an example, and as a convenient method way on a tinishing mandrel to be turned and
of giving eticci lo the invention. Alter the polished.
LITERARY REPORT.
We beg to remind our Correspondents that all Notices for this Department must be sent on or before
the 151h of each month 1
A refutation will shortly be published of the following Works are nearly ready
the Claims of the late Sir Philip Francis,
for publication.
K. B. to be considered the author of the The Mystery of the Abbey, or the Wi-
Letters of Junius. By CHARLES M. Chal- dow's Fireside.
XERS, esq. A.M.
Sermons preached in St. John's Chapel,
The Entomologist's Pocket Companion, Edinburgh. By Daniel SANDEFORD, D.D.
containing an introduction to the know- A Critical Examination of that part of
ledge of British Insects, with the modern Mr. Bentham's Church of Englandism
method of arranging the classes crustacea, which relates to the Church Catechism. By
myriapoda, spiders, mites, and insects, ac- the Rev. U. J. Rose, A.B.
cording to their afinities and structure, The Vestrisad, a mock heroic poem. By
after the system of Dr. Leach, and an ex- the Author of The Banquet, a poem; and
planation of the terms used in entomology. The Desert, a poem. Embellished with
By GEORGE LAMOUELLE, will shortly ap- four highly finished Engravings.
pear.
Thirty Views in Islington and Pontonville,
A Splendid Credo of Sebastian Bach, a engraved under the direction of Mr. Char
M.S. never before printed, is preparing for les Pye,trom original drawings by Augustus
press, under the superintendence of Mr. Pugin ; accompanied with historical and
SAMUEL WESLEY.
descriptive sketches of each subject. By
Dr. Bushy has announced for publication, W. BRAYLEY, anthor of The History and
a General History of Music, from the earliest Antiquities of Westminster Abbey.
times to the present, in 2 vols. 8vo.
Reports on the Weather and Diseases of
Mr. Richard TAYLOR, is preparing for London, from 1804 to 1816, inclusive,com-
publication, three Maps upon a new plan, prising practical remarks on their Causes
of the Siles of all the Religious Houses, and Treatment, and preceded by an histo-
Colleges, Hospitals, &c. within the diocese rical view of the state of health and disease
of Norwich, previous to the dissolution of in the Metropolis in former times, on which
monasteries. They will be accompanied by the extraordinary improveinent in point of
a copious reference, and will contain arms salubrity which it has undergone, the
of religious houses, and much additional in- changes in the character of the Seasons in
formation.
this respect, and the causes of these are
Mrs. HoFFLAND, intends publishing by traced to the present time. By Dr. BATB-
Subscription, a work of which only filty MAN.
copies will be printed, entitled “ A Descrip- Life of Thomas Paine. By Clio Rick-
tive Account of White Knights," a seat MAN. Embellished with a Portrait.
of his Grace the Duke of Mariborough, to Sunday School and other Anecdotes, Cate-
be illustrated by twenty-two Engravings, chetical Exercises, &c. By George Rus-
from pictures and drawings by T. C. Iofl- SELL.
land. Atlas 4to.
Earl Osric, a romance; from the pen of
The Translation of Paradise Lost into Mrs. Isaacs, authoress of Tales of To Day.
Welch, in the same metre as the originals, An Interesting Tale for Youth. By Mr.
by W. Owen PUGHE, will be published in SULLIVAN, entitled the Recluse, or the
the course of the ensuing month. The un llermit of Windermere.
paralleled copiousness of the ancient British Researches into the Nature and Caus,
language, enables the translator not only to of Epilepsr.as connected with the Physiology
keep verbally to the meaning of the author, of Animal Life and Muscular Motion, with
but generally to preserve even bis varied Cases, illustrative of a new and successful
pauses and other ornaments, at the same method of Treatmeut, By Mr. J. G. Mans-
time avoiding all literal elisions whalever. FORD.
Mr. PLAYFAIR, who, during his residence In one vol. 410. Kenilworth Illustrated,
in France, wrote an answer to Lady Mor- or the History of the Castle, Priory, and
gan's work, has prepared his MS. for press. Church of Kenilworth; containing Sir
It will appear in one or two 8vo. volumes. William Dugdale's Account of those Edi-
Mr. WENTWORTH has nearly ready for fices; with additions, and a description of
publication. an elaborate work on the their present state from minute investigation.
Colopy of New South Wales
London before the Great Fire. With a


1819.)
361
Bankrupts.
Series of Engravings, with Historical and and emphasis ; also copious extracts in
Topographical Descriptions.
prose and verse, calculated to assist the
Augustus and Adelina, or the Monk of St. teacher and improve the pupil in reading
Bernardine ; a romance. By C.D. HAYNES. and recitation. 12mo.
Cesario Rosalba, or the Oath of Ven- An Essay on the Holy Eucharist, or a
geance; a romance. By Ann, of Swansea. refutation of the Iloadlyan System of it. By
5 vols.
the Rev. HENRY CARD.
Iskander, or the Hero of Epirus, By A. Mr. BAYNES, willl publish early in May,
SPENCER.
A Catalogue of Old Books. Part I. including
A Romance on the subject of Robin the Valuable Library of a Minister de-
Hood.
ceased, amongst which are many of rare
Principles of Elocution; containing nu- occurrence, with a Collection of Original
merous Rules, Observations, and Exer- MSS. Sermons.
cises on pronunciation, pauses, inflections,
AGRICULTURAL REPORT.
A more favoured Spring, whether with respect to the crops, or the operations of hus-
bandry, has never been witnessed. The wheats are in a remarkable state of forwardness;
and could their progress be in proportion, harvest might be finished in the south during
the month of July. The quantity of March dust which has flown has had the full of its
proverbial good effect. All the spring crops which are above ground wear a luxuriant
and promising appearance, with those occasional exceptions to be expected; and the latter
seed season is likely to be favourable. All parts of the country are unusually early. The
lambing, owing to the mildness of the weather, has in general been very successful. The
fruit-trees also exhibit a blossom which encourages us to hope for the most abundant
crops, should it not be checked by the cold winds, or by frost.
BANKRUPTS.
PROM MARCH 23, TO APRIL 23, 1819, INCLUsive.
Where the address of the Solicitor is not mentioned, he must be understood to reside at the
same place as the Bankrupt. The Solicitors' names are between parentheses,
ANDERSON H. W Cushion Court, Broad st. Jane.--Burcher T. of Mitchel Deane, Gloucester,
merchant (Collingridge, Secondaries Office, Cole. timber dealer (King, Serjeant's Inn - Beotley S.
man street.-Abram R. Liverpool, merchant (Ches. Horton, Yorksbire, worsted manufacturer (Net.
ter. Staple Ipn.--Aslat A. Lambeth, victualler lefold, Norfolk street, Strand.. Booth T. New.
(Poplin, Dean street.
ark upon Trent and A. Booth, Nollinghain, tal.
B.
low chandlers (Knowles New Inn.
Brumwell R. Newcastle upon Tyne, baker
C.
(Brooksbank, Gray's Inn Square.-- Baker S. Brigh Chamberlain W. Bristol, corn factor (King,
ton, linen draper (Lamberts and co., Gray's Inn Serjeant's Inn, Fleet street.-Caustat N, Upper
Square,- Buckland T. Langley, Buckinghamshire, East Smithfield, chemist (Isaacs, Bury street, St.
brickmaker (Beckeley, Lincoln's 100.-Barton W. Mary Acre.-Cotterill E. M. and C. G. Vive st.
St. Saviour's Church yard, upholsterer, (Rogers Liquor Pond street, bacon merchants (Ilind and
and co., Manchester buildings, Westminster.- co., Throgmorton street.-Carr C. Pridge street,
Brooke N. Duke street, Lincoln's Ion Field's (A. Westminster, jeweller (Upsdell, Lambeth road.
mory and co., Lothbury. Barnett A. Berner's st., Clancy W. Cornbill, provision merchant (Crosley,
Oxford street, glass dealer, (Cuppage, Old Broad Great James street, Bedford row.Cooper J.
street.-Booth J. Chapel en-le krith, Derbyshire Scholes, York, Slate merchant (Bigg, Southamp.
common brewer (Milne and co., Temple.-Bush, ton Buildings, Chancery Lane.-Cruse T. Chat-
.H. Wick and Abson, Gloucester, dealers, (King, ham, brewer, James, Bucklersbury. -- Cope R.
Serieant's Inn, Fleet street.-Burmester J. W. and Worcester, victualler (Price and co., Lincoln's Inn
C. L. Vidal, New London street, merchants (Bar. -Collinson E. Crooked lane, vil merchant, (Aliin-
rows and co., Basinghiall street. Barnes J. Port. son and co., Freeman's court.-Campbell J. White
sca, builder, (Alexander and co., New Tan Bigg Lion court, Cornhill, merchant (Rivington Fen.
J. and C. Hatheld, Hertfordshire, common brewers church street Buildings.
(Nicholson and co., Ilertford.-Buchanan D., S.
D.
M. Smith, and F. Ashley, Liverpool, merchants Dalgairns P. and E. Win low, St. Mary at Hill,
(Adlington and co., Bedford row.-Bartlett J. Ship and insurance brokers (Clarke and co., Sad-
Frome. Selwood, Somerset, clothier (Edmunds ler's liall, Cheapside-DE
Lincoln's Ian.-Beasley C. Stroud, Gloucester. Bishopsgate street without, seed crusher (Druce
mercer, (Price and co., Lincoln's inn --Bentley S. and co., Billiter square.-Dunnage H. Colchester,
· Horton, York, worsted manufacturer (Nettleford, miller, (Williams, Cursilor street, Chancery lare.
Norfolk street, Strand --Buckley H. Junction, Dickinson W. Scalby, Yorkshire, coal merchant
York, innkeeper (Milne and co., Temple.-Ben. (Fisher and co., Holborn.-Dixon J. Ivybridge,
dall G. H. Bristol, coryfactor (Bourdillon and Devonshire inerchant (Darke and co., Princes st.,
co., Bread street, Cheapside.-Branimer C. Wood Bedford row, London.-Davies G. Teoby, Pem.
house, Yorkshire, man mercer (Battye, Chancery broke, inerchant (Alexander and co., New lun.
New MONTHLY MAG.-No.64.
VOL. XI. 3A


302
[May 1,
Bankrupts.
K.
Kilby J. York, common brewer (Egre, Gray's
Inu Square.
Dolphin E. Cheddle, Stafford, pluniber (Barber,
Fetier lane.-Douthat s. late of Liverpool, mer.
chant (Blackstock and co., King's Bench Walk,
Teinple.-Dixou J. Wellington, Shropshire, mer.
cer (Baxter and co. Gray's Ing Place.
E.
Elmer E. Mistley, Essex, merchant (Cocker,
Nassau stieet, Soho.
Lewis W. and J. A. Ilenderson, Little Tower
street, wine merchants (Kearsey aud co., Bishops-
gate within.
M.
Moule H. St. Michael, Bath, baker (Adlington
and co., Bedford row.-Miller R. Old Fish street,
bookseller (Lane and co., Lawrence Fountney hill.
Mac Donald R. Frant, Sussex Shopkeeper (Ror.
land and co., Lincoln's Tom Fields-Mountjoy.
llanwell Nursery, Ealing, Middlesex, serdsmas
(Rooke and co., Armourei's Hall, Colemaa street
Moore F. R Denmark street, Strand, paper stainers
(Alexander and co, New Inn, London.-Mildes
R. of Mirheid. Yorkshire, coal merchant (Leke.
Dowgate Hill.-Martin J. St. Phillip and Jacob.
Gloucester, druggist (Poole and co., Gray's Ida
Square.- Messent P. Quaker street, Spital Fields,
silk weaver (James, Bucklersbury.
N.
Neyler 6. Sykehouse, Fishlake, Yorkshire, tan.
der (King, Castle street, Holborn.
0.
Owen, J. and H. D. Great St. Helen's, Bishops.
gate street (Grusby, Gitat James Street, Bedíord
row.
P.
Fleming T. Limehouse, Middlesex, sugar refiner,
(Paterson and co., Old Broad street. Fisher W.
Union Place, Lainbeth, master mariner (Hayward,
Took's court, cursitor Street, - Fletcher R. B.
Blackburn, Lancaster, manufacturer (Bemuell add
co., St Switbin's lane,- Forbes A. B. Bristol, dra.
per (Price and co., Lincoln's Inn Old Buildings.-
Farmer W. Walsall, Stafford, innholder (Turner and
00.. Bloomsbury square. Fletcher B. Buraiey,
Lancashire, plumber and glazier (Stocker and co.,
New Boswell court.- French J. Junr. Bristol, clo.
thier (Williams, Red Lion square,
G.
Growning R. Broad street Buildings, merchant
(Blunt and co., Broad street buildings - Goddard
M. Strangiands, Cheshire, tanner (Rosser aud co.,
Bartlett's Buildings. --Gaunt, J. and T. Armley,
Lсeds. woollen manufacturers (Few and co., Hen.
rietta street, Covent Garden.--Gompertz A. Loin
bard street, merchant (Elliott, Fenchurch street -
Gilpin W. Villiers street, Strand, army clothier
C'easdale. Merchant Taylor's hall. Gillimore W.
Norbury. Derbyshire, tabuer (Barber, Folter lane
Gowland M. J. Whitby, Yorkshire, porter merchant
(Edmund's. Lincoln's Inu.-Griffiths M. J. and R,
Bristol, masons (Edmund's, Lincolo's Inn--Glover
E. and E Juor. Warrington, Lancaster, brewers
(Chester. Staple inu-Gunton J. Pimlico, picture
dealer (l'urner, Percy street, Rathbone Place.
H.
: Howard J. Liverpool, four dealer (Smith, Hol.
boru.court. Gray's Inn.--Hunt J. Cheltepbam,
Gloucestershire, brandy merchant (Bridger, Angel
court, Throgmorton street.-Harman, S. C. Wis.
beach. Cambridge, linen draper (Sweet and co.,
Basipgball street.- llorander T. Halifax, York.
sbire. grocer (Ballye, Chancery Jade, Hellicar T.
and J Hellicar, Bristol, merchants, (Lamberts and
co., Gras's Ino.-Harding S. T., C. Oakes, and T.
Willington, Tamworth, Warwicksaire and Stafford.
shire, bankers (Hicks and co., Bartlett's buildings
Hancock W. Bury St. Edmond's, Suffolk, cabinet
maker (Amory and co., Lothbury. Hawkins S.
Milton. Portsea, Southampton, dealer (Langton,
Hare court. Temple --Howard R. Junr. Woolwich,
brewer (Wiltshire and co., Winchester house,
Broad street. Hurrell S. Mimories, cord-dealer
(Clutton and co., Higli street, Southwark-Hoy.
land J. Knottingly, York, grocer (Blakelock, Ser.
jeant's Ion. Henley W. Bradford, Wiltshire, ing.
keeper (Dax and co., Doughty street.-Vull c.
lale of Moneyers street, ribbon manulacturer
(Knight and co., Basinghall street.
Parkinson T. seur. Mill Place, Seawby. Lincola-
shire, T. Parkiusou, juur. Kingston upon Hull, and
J. Lilly, Sculcoales, Yorkshire, laft 1.erchants
(Rosser and co, Bartlett's Buildings, Holborn
Pearson J. Portsmouth, mercer (Alexander and
co., New Ion, London.-- Pickbourn J. North street.
city road, drog grinder (Ilutchinson, Crown court.
Threadneedle street.-Pearse J. Plymouth dock,
sadler (Austice and co., Inner Temple --Panton
S. Milton next Settingbourne, Kept, miller (Brace
and co., Essex court, Temple --Peake S. Pendle
tou, Lancaster, wine merchant (Meadowcroft
Gray's Jon Syuare.--Pritchard J. Bristol, grocer
(Poole and co. Gray's Iun Square.- Pearson J.
Leicester, commission agent (Beverley, Garden
court, Temple.-Perkins, J. B. Carpenter's hall,
London Wall, ironmonger (Clarke and co.. Chan.
cery lane.
R.
Rugg J. Bristol, victualler (Edmunds, Excheque:
Office of Pleas, Lincoln's lon.Relph W. Lewkner.
Oxfordshire, farmer, (Rose and co., Gray's Ins-
Pegrom M. and J. Pegrom, Artillery street. Mid.
dlesex, dealers and chapten (Walker, Lincoln's len
Fields.Rothwell ). now or late of Arnold. Net
tingham, hosier (Sykes, New lon.
S.
Stanley R. Horridge End, Hope, Derbyshire.
meal dealer (Willis and co., Warotord court
Stalker D, and A. D. Welch, Leadenhall Street,
slopsellers (Kearsley and co., Bishopsgate street
within.-Sybley J. Abchurch lane, dry salter (Bir
kett, Cloak Lane.--Slubbs W. Lock, Staffordshire.
inpholder (Long and co, Iloiborn Court, Gray's
lon, -Simpson, Uuddersfield, Woolstapler (Beckpit,
Noble street Foster lape.--Summers W. Newcastle
upon Type, flour dealer (Bell and co Bow Church
Yard.-Saxby J. R. Hawkburst, Kent, hop mer
chant (Gregson and co., Angel court, Throgmertoa
street.-Swainston J. Keudal, Westmoreland. M-
rocco leather dresser (Hurd and co., loner Tea
ple--Smith B. Biriningham, sieel toy maker
(Clarke and co., Chancery lewe.--Splatt W. Das.
lish, Devon, house builder (Hore Juar. Hatton
Garden. --Samuels E. I. Great Prescot street,
Isaac J Fareham, llampshire, currier (Dyne and
co., Lincolu's luo Fields.
Johnson J. Sheffield, draper (Duncan, Gray's
lon-Jones R. Cbeapside, woollen-draper (Farren,
Threadneedle street.-Jackson M Bolton, Lanca.
sbire. cotton manufacturer (Meadowcroft, Gray's
Ion Square. Jon
Sonne loves C. E. Kentish Town), tanner
(Carier. Lord Mayor's court office, Royal Ex.
change.--Jarman W.J. Knightsbridge, paper bang.
er and pawler (Hudson, Wink worth place, Cicy
Toad.


Political Digest.
[May 1,
0.
lcr, May 7-Mayhew J. St. Osyth, Essex, miller and factors, April 27-Shoel J. Houndsditch, and
Avril 04-Mitchell A. of the Grange road Ber- J. Ileald, Cateaton Street, merehants, May -
inondsey, taoner, Mry 92-Moorhouse G. Doncas. Souter R. Kingston upon Hull, and T. M. Payne,
ler, grocer, May 8th.
Cullum street, London, merchants, May 4-Smy.
N.
thimac, J. B. Birmingham, cutler, May 6Sissell
NsH J. Haverfordwest, linen draper, May 6. T. Jermyn street, Taylor, May 11--Souten E. Fox
and Koot yard, Snow hill, May 15-Slayer S. P.
Oime R, Chester, draper, April 30.- Orinerod G. Maidstone, dealer and chapman, May 11.
Lapehead, Lancashire, innholder, April 23
T
P.
Tucker J. Long Acre, linen draper, April 16-
Polly J. New Bond street, furniture printer, Tuckett P. D. and w. groceis, April 21-Tennison
May 18_Parsons T. Duke street, St. James's, J. Kingston upon Dull, victualler, April 27--Tav.
Westmiustei, brecches maker, April 20- Preston J. Tor S. of Oxendou street, merchant, May 11.
Manor Hill, Shropshire, miller, April 30 - Proctor
U.
G. and w. Birmingham, opticians, April 24-Phil. Underhill J., J. Thonipson, & J. M. Guest, Bir-
lips E. Bristol, grocer, April 26-leyton J. Christ minghamn, merchants, April 19.
Church, Southampton, draper, Ápril 07-Palk C.
W.
East Teignmouti, Devon, linen draper, April 27- Wileman T. & S. West, Hoa hley, Sassex, tan.
Peat A. Doncaster, dealer, May 25.- Powell T. neis, April 27-Wilkinson J. W. Horuc, & J. Wil
Leoninster, but her, April 27-Palsgrave T. Beu. kinsou, Friday street, warehouseman, April 17-
nett Street, Blackfriars road, insurance broker, Wilkie C. & J. Redcross street, East Smithfield,
May 8-Pratt J. of Brook's Place, Kenniugton, yeast merchants, April 10-Waddingtog S. Brig.
Surgeon, May 11.-Phillips P. Kiug street, iner. house. Yorkshire, corpiactor, April 15_Wilkinson
chant, May 11.
R. & S. Jeffries square, London, merchants, April
R.
17--Worrall W. Liverpool, merchants, April 24%
Roure J. P. de and J. Ilambrook, Angel court, Willson J. Rathbone place, Oxford Strect, book-
Throgmorton street, May 11-Rolland F. St. James' seller, April 07-- Warmington J. and J. E. Grace-
street. Piccadilly, perfumer, April 20.-Ray R. church street, drapers, April 27-Welsh J. and T.
Jate of Norwich, grocer, April 23--Robson J. Little Carter, New Compton street, High Holborn, em-
Britain. Aldersgate street, stable keeper, May 11 bossers, May 1--White M. Lowdam, Nottingham.
Reed w, Fleet Street, Law bookseller, May 1 bleacher, May 4--Webb R. Winslow, Hereford,
Reid J. Newcastle upon Tyne, sadler, May 4 farmer, May 6-Walker C. W. Brighton, stationer,
Robson G. George Yard, merchant, May 11-Ran. April 30--Wilmot R. S. Bristol, brewer, May 13
dall w. now or late of Leeds, merchant, May 11- Warwick T. 0. & J. Aldred, Rotherham, Yorkshire.
Reid J. Newcastle upon Tyne, saduler, May 11 chemists, May 14.
S.
Sykes J. and G. Curriers Hall court, clothiers
DIGEST OF POLITICAL EVENTS.
GREAT BRITAIN.
confirmation of our assertion we subjoin
WE feel much pleasure in laying be- an abstract of the net produce of the
fore our readers the quarterly account revenue of Great Britain in the years
of the revenue, because, from its pro- ended 5th April, 1818, and 5th April,
gressively improving state, the highest 1819, together with the income and
confidence is inspired. The improve- charge of the Consolidated Fund.
ment which has taken place even upon The total consolidated fund for the
the produce of the corresponding quar- year, viz. 5th April, is 42,235,7261.
ter of last year, was of itself greater by The fund for the year before was
739,0001. than the April quarter of the only 39,598,1921.
year preceding. The British revenue, Though on this last quarter, as com-
in the April quarter of the year 1817, pared with the corresponding one last
appears by the lith report of the Fi- year, there is a decrease of less than
nance Committee, to have produced 100,0001.
9,510,0001., that of the quarter ending Iu the anpual dates to pay off bills,
April, 1818, 10,219,000/., while the the excess is from 18,4661. in the quar-
quarter which expired 1819 has pro- ter ending April, 1818, to 516,8371. in
duced no less a sum than 10,482,0001. the present quarter. .
We have, therefore, all the evidence In the present quarter there are no
which an augmentation of the rerenue arrears of Property Tax; and the re-
can give of the improving state of the ceipt of the arrears for the whole year
resources of the country; and we trust is not more than 227,0001., whereas last
that the secret comunittees of the two year it was above one million and a half.
houses of Parliament will produce a In the Customs for the quarter there
plan, which will place the currency of is an increase of 115,6351.--in the Ex-
the country upon a footing not less fa- cise an increase of 226,0751.-in the
vourable to the operations of trade, than Post Office an increase of 19,0001.--in
calculated to secure it against any appre- the Stamps, Assessed Taxes, and Land
hensions of a fluctuation of value. In Taxes, a total decrease of 130,0001.,


1819.]
365,
Political Digest.
which, deducted from the increase, leaves financial to our commercial situation,
an increase in the quarter of 232,7091. we shall find the same cause for satisfac-
The increase in the year is 2,963,1151. tion and congratulation. In the export
The charge on the Consolidated Fund of our produce and manufactures, the
for the corresponding quarter last year, excess of the year ending 5th January,
was 8,827,7411. The charge on the pre- 1819, is above five millions beyond the
sent quarter is increased to 9,770,0001., year ending 5th January, 1818, and
leaving a deficiency of 148,3001. Had nearly six millions beyond the year end.
the charge remained the same this quar. ing 5th January, 1817!
ter as it was the corresponding one, the T he imports are above six millions
excess of income beyond the charge higher than the year before, and above
would have been above seven hundred ten millions higher than during the year
and ninety thousand pounds.
ending 5th January, 1817, as will be
If we transfer our attention from our seen by the following accounts:
An Account of the total, real, or declared value of the Produce and Manufactures of the
United Kingdom, exported from Great Britain during each of the three years ending
5th Jan. 1819:-
1817.
- 1818.
1819.
L.42,955,256 43,626,253 4 8,903,760
Total official value of Foreign and Commercial Merchandise exported from Great Britain
to all Parts of the World,
1817.
1819.
L.14,545,964 11,534,616 12,287,274
An Account of the total value of all Articles imported into Great Britain during each of
the three years ending the 5th January, 1819, as calculated at the official rates of va-
luation.
1817.
1818.
1819.
Foreign and Colonial Merchandise L.26,406,634 29,962,913 35,880,983
Produce of Ireland and the Isle of Man 3,698,931 4,002,318 4,276,651
1818.
Total Value of Imports
L.30,105,565 33,965,231 40,157,634
If the mercantile world have been had the right to refuse permission to
pausing for the last two months, during a soldier to attend, then the legisla -
the important deliberations of the Bank ture would be subservient to the mi-
Committee-if, with the prudence and litary authority. The attendance of
caution of British merchants, they have a soldier, when summoned, might be
been checking, for that period, their secured, by making his officer respon-
spirit of enterprise and adventure-wesible as well as himself. Perhaps this
trust, after this statement, they will would be preferable to releasing the
again go forth to their accustomed voca- foriner from the authority of his com-
tion of collecting from every quarter of mander.
the globe the treasures of each climate On the 2d, Mr. Agar Ellis gave notice
and country, in return for the manufac- of a motion for an address to the Prince
tures and skill and industry of this great Regent, praying him to remove the
nation-as unrivalled in the arts of peace Hon. Wyndham Quin from the office of
as in the brilliant achievements and glo- Custos Rotulorum of the county of Li-
ries of war.
merick. The fate of this motion may
The House of Commons was on the be easily anticipated. The House having
Ist occupied with a question of consi- by a previous vote declared the hon.
derable importance, It was-Whether member had been guilty of no act which
the summons of that House to a soldier called for serious censare.
supersedes the authority of his officer Lord A. Hamilton brought forward
over him? The declared opinion of the his motion respecting the burgh of Aber-
House was in the affirmative. This in- deen. The noble lord denied, in the
volves so delicate a principle of constitu- outset, that his object was to introduce
tional power, that we will not venture parliamentary reform into Scotland,
an opinion upon it. It may perhaps be under the pretext of amending the ex-
said, that the authority thus asserted by jsting system of royal burglis of Scotland.
the House would, if pushed to the ex- Lord Castlereagh, however, entertained
treme, embrace the command of the a different, and, in our opinion, a more
army ; but, on the other hand, it correct judgment with respect to the
may also be urged, that if an officer tendency, at least, of the motion, what-


366
Ecclesiastical Preferments.
[May 1,
ever may have been its motives. It month, on private affairs and on general
was, he said, “nothing else than to in- confidence, by the adoption of the Chann-
troduce into Scotland a parliamentary ber of Peers, of the proposition of M.
reform which the other side of the House de Barthelemy, and by its rejection in
could not obtain for England. The that of the Deputies. Frenchmen un-
disguise was somewhat too thin to cover derstand ambiguous measures, and all
the real purpose." Upon a division, classes of society foresaw, at the first
the motion was rejected.
view, the aim of this attempt, which was
On the 3d an ineffectual attempt was as unlimited in its effects as it was vague
made, by Mr. Lambton's presenting a in its expression.
petition from General Gourgaud, to Among the petitions lately presented
establish a case of cruelty against the to the Chamber of Deputies, was one
persons who conveyed him out of Eng from a soldier, claiming the continuance
land, under the authority of a warrant of a pension which he had received for
from the home secretary. Gourgaud, having saved the life of Buonaparte
like his late master, knows how to when first consul: it was referred to
make the most of a little.
the Committee of expenditure. We
The plain facts of the case appeared to cannot help thinking it a strange request
be, that a warrant was issued for his to be preferred to the ministers of Louis
apprehension and removal, and he seem- XVIII ; but it is yet more strange, that
ed to have taken a great antipathy to it called forth no expression of astonish-
warrants, and, not liking to go, became ment from any member of the Chamber.
refractory, which compelled the exercise
AMERICA.
of coercion on the part of the officers. The Congress closed its sessions on
All the grievances complained of by the the 3rd of last month, beyond which
General and his friends, were met by a their constitutional term of service did
flat denial from Mr. Clive and Lord Cas- not permit them to extend. The report
tlereagh, and we believe the petition to of the senate upon the conduct of Ge-
be, neither more nor less, than an impu- neral Jackson and the Seminole war, we
dent tissue of deliberate falsehoods. are free to acknowledge, is drawn up
The second report of the Committee with great perspicuity and even clegance
of Secrecy was read in the house on the of style. It condemns the conduct of
5th, relating to the Bank restriction; General Jackson with respect both to his
and'the house placing a just confidence engaging in the war at all, and his savage
in the judgment of that Committee, was condemnation of Arbuthnot and Ambris
induced to pass, without a division and ter.
without going through the usual forma- In the treaty lately entered into with
lities of proceeding, an act restricting Spain, the Americans have terminated
the Cash payments of the Bank until a the only existing controversy with an
future day. With respect to the period of the European powers. It rounds off
at which it may be expedient to recom- their southern possessions, and for ever
mend the commencement of Cash pay- precludes foreign emissaries from stir-
ments, nothing has transpired which can ring up Indians to war and Negroes to
at all justify a conjecture on the subject. rebellion, whilst it gives to the southern
On the 8th, the house adjourned for the country important outlets to the sea.
holidays.
It adjusts the vast western boundary,
FRANCE.
and acknowledges the sovereignty of the
If the existence of a genuine public United States, under the hitherto con-
opinion in France could any longer be tested Louisiana Treaty, over all the
doubted, it would suffice to compare the territory contended for.
effects produced, in the interval of one
INCIDENTS, PROMOTIONS, BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, DEATUS, &c. IN
LONDON AND MIDDLESEX;
With Biographical Accounts of Distinguished Characters.
BULLETIN OF THE KING'S HEALTH. Ecclesiastical Preferments.]—The Rer.
Windsor Castle, April 3, 1819. Daniel Guilford Wait, to the rectory of
His Majesty has been generally cheerful Blagdon, Somerset. - The Rev. Edmund
during the last month ; but his disorder has Gardiner, to the rectory of Tenterne-Parra,
suffered no diminution. His Majesty's in the diocese of Llandafl.—The Rev. Nath.
health continues good. (Signed as usual.) Struth, to the rectory of St. Peter's, Bristol.


1810.)
367
Births and Marriages in London and Middlesex.
--The Rev. John Clarke, to be chaplain to daughter. In the Commercial-road, Lam-
the Sheriff of Somerset.—The Rev. W. beth, Mrs. T. Lett, of a son.-At llighgate,
Jones, A. M. of Swindon, Wilts, to be chap- of a daughter, the lady of Captain Lang-
lain to the Earl Paulett.— The Rev. John slow, late of the Beogal Army, her fourth
Fisher, A. M. to the prebend of Farthing- child; the eldest a native of Africa, the se-
ton and Writhlington.--The Rev. Matthew cond of Asia, the third of America ; and all
Marsh, M. A. to the office of chancellor of horn within the last four years and a half.
Salisbury diocese. The Rev. Joseph Cum. In Hanover-square, the lady of Sir Simon
ming, ,un. M. A. to the free and endowed Clarke, bart, of a son.-In Albemarle-street,
grammar school of Chudleigh,Deron.--The the lady of Robert Keate, esq. of a still-born
Rev.W. S. Bradley, to the living of Chard, daughter.--The lady of Mark Milbank, esq.
and to the prebendal stall of Timberscombe. M. P. of a son and heir.-The lady of Capi.
- The Rev. Andrew Bell, D.D. to the place Forrest, of Montague-place, Russel-square,
and dignity of a prebendary of the Collegiate of a son.In Lower Grosvenor-streel, the
Church of St. Peter, Westminster.-The wife of Addison John Cresswell, esq. of a
Rev. John Stedman, B. A. to be head mas- son and heir.
ter of the free grammar school, Guilford, Married.) At St. Mary's, Islington, Tho.
Surrey.-The Rev. Robert Clifton, A. M. Clarke, esg. of Lincoln's-inn-fields, to 'So-
to be domestic chaplain to Elizabeth, Dow- phia, fifth daughter of the late Robert Stan-
ager Lady Monsos.-The Rev. R. Clifton, ion, esq. of Islington-green.--At St. Luke's
to the rectory of St. Nicholas, Worcester, Church, Wm. Henry West, esq. of the Is-
and Matson, Gloucestershire.—The Rev. J. land of Jamaica, to Barbara, second daugh-
B. Syer, to the rectory of Little Wratting, ter of John Holham, esq. Borough.--At St.
Suffolk — The Hon, and Rev. Geo. Pellew, Mary's, Islington, Gustavus, son of G. A.
to the vicarage of Nasing, Essex.-The Smith, esq. of Highbury Grove, to Jane,
Rev. J. P. Reynolds, to the rectory of Little third daughter of Jose h Travers, esq.-
Munden, Herts.- The Rev. T. T. Walms. At the New Church, Mary-le-bone, Ynyr
ley, B. D. to the rectory of St. Vedsat, Fos- Burgess, esq. to Anna Eliza, eldest daughter
ter-lape, and Hanwell, , Middlesex.—The of Joseph Mee. esq. of Upper Berkeley-str.
Rev. H. S. Plamptre, to the rectory of Portman-square.--^t Mary-le-bone Church
Eastwood, Notts.- The Rev. James Croft, David Latimer St. Claire, esq. Capt. R. N.
to the rectory of Saltwood, and Chapel of to Elizabeth Isabella, youngest daughter of
Hythe, Kent.-The Rev. Charles Lacy, to the late John Farhill, esq.--At St. Mary's,
the living of Tring and Wigginton, Ilerts. Islington, Mr. Wm. Browning, of Goswell-
The Rev. Henry Mears, to the vicarage of street-road, to Miss Louisa, danghter of Mr.
Harley Wintney, Lants.-The Rev. Thos. John Mansin, of Percival-street, Goswell-
Spencer, to the rectory of Winkfield, Wilts. street.- At St. George's, Hanover-square,
E. Grove, esq. to be receiver-general for Sir Jacob Astley, bart. to Georgiana Caro-
Staffordshire, --The Rev. John W. Bellamy, line, youngest daughter of Sir Henry Dash-
to be head master of Merchant Taylors' wood, bart. of Kirtlington Park, Oxford-
School.The Rev. Phillip Fisher, D. D. to shire.- Al St. Clement's, Mr. John Allen,
the office of precentor of Salisbury Cathe brother to the Rev. Wm. Allen, of Peel,
dral.The Rev. R. Knight jun. to the rec- Lancashire, to Miss Ann Hutchinson, of
tory of Newton Nottaye, Glamorganshire. London.-At Temple Church, Mr. Thomas
The Rey, T. Thorpe, M. A. to the rectory Chorley, of Wellington, to Sarah, third
of Widford, Nottinghamshire.-The Rev. daughter of Mr. Wm. Chorley, of Wivels-
Joseph Tweed, jun, to the rectory of Hintle- combe, Somerset.-At St. Paul's, Jona-
sham, Suffolk.-The Rev. J. Jones, of Oak than Henry Christie, esq. of Lincoln's Inn,
ham, to the living of Burley on the Hill. to Mary' second daughter ef Daniel Conner,
The Rev. Thomas Walker, jun. B. A. to the esq. of the county of Cork, Ireland.At St.
prebend of Featherstone.-The Rev. Rich. George's, llanover-square, Mr. George
Odell, to be one of Lord Apson's domestic Francis, of Woodbridge, to Mary, second
chaplains.--The Rev. E. Valpy, to the vi- daughter of John Baggett, esq. Great Titch-
carage of South Walsham, St. Mary, Nor- field-street, Cavendish-square.--James Va-
folk.- The Rev. E. Gray, to the rectory of lance, esq. of Sittingbourne, Kent, to Catha-
Kirk Misperton.
rine Margaret, eldest daughter of the Rev.
Births.] The lady of Lieut-general Sir J. D. Plestow, of Watlington Hall.--At St.
Richard Jones, K. Č. B. of a daughter.- George's, Hanover-square, Mr. Joseph
At Laleham, the lady of Francis Hartwell, Young, to Maria, second daughter of Mr.
esq. of a daughter. The lady of Captain Thos. Eddison. of Romford.--At St. James's
Hillyar, ofa son.-The lady of John Guise, Church, the Rev. J. V. Trevor, to Frances
esg. of Upper Baker-street, of a son.-The Alethea, eldest daughter of the Rev. Arch-
lady of S. Cartwright, esq. of Bedford-place, deacon Wollaston.--At St. Botolph's, Al-
of a daughter.-In Harleyford-place, the dersgate-street, Mr. Charles Motram, of
lady of James Cowan, esq. of a daughter. Conduit-street, to Eliza, youngest daughter
In Arundel-street, the lady of W. Yatman, of Samuel Moore, esq. of Suffolk House,
esq. of a son.--At Warfield House, the lady St. Pancras.-Andrew Spottiswoode, esq. of
of the Hon. Lieut-general Brodrick, of a Bedford-square, to Miss Longman, daugh-


368
[May 1,
Some Account of Francis William Blagdon.
ter of Thos. Longman, esq. of Mount Grove, month; during which, his attachment to
Hampstead.--At St. Pancras, Wm. Robin literary pursuits was strikingly apparent.
son, esq. of Hamsterley Lodge, Durham, to Fond of books, of a warm temperament
Johanna, youngest daughter of the late Ad- and lively imagination, it is not surprising
miral Sir H. Christian, K. B.
that he should be disgusted with the dull
drudgery of an attorney's office. Acting
FRANCIS WILLIAM BLAGDON.
from his own impulse, he quitted this
Genius and industry, quickness of per- situation, for one, as most persons would
ception and constancy of application, are have considered, much less eligible. In
seldom combined. The life of Mr. Blardon, 1788, when only eleven years of age, he
however, presents an interesting example answered an advertisement, which appeared
the more interesting from its rareness--of in The Oracle, for a reading-boy in the
genius and industry forcing their way from office of Mr. M.Millan. That gentleman, with
an humble station, and gradually raising whom he immediately engaged, soon say,
their possessor to a more elevated rank in encouraged, and rewarded his abilities. In
society. Lelt, at an early age, to carve out Mr. M.Millan's office, where he remained
a subsistence for himself, it was fortunate till the year 1799, he made himself master
that he possessed a lively, active spirit. He of the printing business,' which, it is pro
was constitutionally enterprising and san- bable, he would afterwards have followed,
guine; enterprise generally insures suc- had not a regulation of the trade precluded
cess; success as generally inspires new from its advantages all but those who had
confidence; and thus a most salntary action established their right by the serving of a
and re-action are produced. When events regular apprenticeship. His practical ac-
of an adverse nature overpower these bene- quaintance, however, with what may almost
ficent intluences, they may be regarded as be termed an intellectual art, proved er-
constituting the exception to a general tremely useful to him in almost every sub-
rule.
sequent period of his life. Nor was this the
The subject of this slight biographical only knowledge which he acquired whilst
sketch was a native of the metropolis : under the care of Mr. M. Millan : in ad
Francis William Blagdon, born on the 2nd dition to perfecting himself in the Latin,
of January, 1777, was the eldest son of he, from the peculiar circumstances under
Thomas Blagdon, a respectable tradesman which he was placed, became a proficient in
in St. Paul's Church-yard, and of Mary, the French language. At the time here
his wife, whose maiden name was Harrison. particularly referred to, Mr. M‘Nillan was
Of parental care and instruction it was his the printer of The Sun ; a journal which,
melancholy lot to be soon deprived : his from its commencement to the present day,
mother died in the month of July, 1785; has been characterised by loyalty of prio-
and his father, surviving her a little more ciple, and determined opposition to the
than two years, died in October, 1787, leav- domestic enemies of Britain. The office of
ing besides the eldest, two younger sons, this paper was frequented by numbers of
William and Edward Harrison, at the re- the French literali, who liad here found an
spective ages of four and two years. The asylum from the sanguinary proscriptions
former died in the West Indies, in the year of their own distracted country. By many
1800. To the latter, now connected by of these expatriated sufferers, the youthful
marriage with Mr. M.Millan, of Bow-street, subject of this memoir was noticed; with
Covent Garden, his eldest brother sus- several of them he contracted habits of in-
tained, through life, the kind and tender timacy; and, as it may be easily con-
office of a parent. He was, indeed, his ceived, it was frequently in his power to
father-brother-friend; and warınly and return their attentions by services of no
gratefully was his affection repaid.
contemptible nature. In this mutually ad
The only education which Francis Blag- vantageous intercourse, his critical ac-
don received, previously to the death of quaintance with the French tongue daily
his father, was at a day-school in Watling. increased ; and, so completely did he triumph
street At that period he was a lively, over its difficulties, that ultimately, he was
clever boy, for his age, and, allowing for enabled to translate with accuracy and
the unfavourable circumstances of his fidelity the most difficult scientific works.
situation, he was an excellent English He is even known to have drawn up, in
scholar; and, in acquiring the rudiments French, various documents, of both a
of the Latin tongue, he had laid the foun- public and private nature.
dation of future study.
In the year 1796, twelve months before
Mr Blagdon's pecuniary affairs at the he left Mr. M.Millan, he became ac-
time of his death not being in a prosperous quainted with Mr. J. Kelly, now of Wim-
state, his eldest son, Francis, was imme- bledon, in Surrey; and, in return for
diately taken from school; and, on the teaching him French, Kelly instructed Blag.
* recommendation of Mr. Davis, one of the don in the principles of music. He soon
god-fathers of his brother Edward, he was displayed considerable talent in his per-
placed with a solicitor, in Chiswell-street. formance on the piano-forte; some years
With that gentleman he remained a twelve- afterwards, he occasionally amused himself


1819.)
369
Some Account of Francis William Blagdon.
with the violin; and, amidst more serious I n 1801, from causes which it is unneces.
avocations, bis musical attainments were sary here to explain, Mr. Gifford, whom
the solace of many a weary hour. Mr. we have already mentioned, came into pos-
Blagdon, though not, stricuy speaking, a session of The Porcupine newspaper, which
connoisseur, was an enthusiastic lover of all had been then recently established. By the
the fine arts; and some little productions of loyal, the patriotic, and the good, Cobbett,
his pencil, which have been preserved, are the original editor of The Porcupine, was,
sufficient to show, that, had painting been at that time, regarded as one of the’ablest
his profession, he would have ranked high firmest, and most incorruptible supporters
amongst the artists of his day.
of the Church and State, the King and
It was while he was with Mr. M.Millan, Constitution. The Bible and Mitre were
that Mr. Blagdon produced his first literary over his door; his motto was, Fear God,
tract The Political Portfolio.” What and honour the King !-he was visited and
that publication was, we know not; but patronised by many of the best and wisest
that it indicated genius, and a capability of men of the nation. It is not therefore sur-
excellence, there is no hazard in asserting, prising, that Cobbete's name, at the head of
from the fact, that it attracted the notice of the paper, should have been esteemed of
one of the ablest writers and soundest poli- some importance. For the sake of his
ticians of the age. When we thus mention name, and cordially respecting the moral,
the late Mr. John Gifford, who was at that religions, and political principles, of which
time editor of the The True Briton, they Cobbett was then the professor, it was the
who have had the happiness of knowing wish of Mr. Gifford thai he should retain a
that gentleman will feel that we do not esti- share in the concern ; that share was one-
mate his merit too highly
eighth. It is certain, however, that in the
Mr. Blagdon relinquished his situation at eyes of some, who imagined they could
The Sun office, in the year 1797, continu- discover a lurking renegade behind a vio-
ing, however, on terms of friendship and lent and imposing exterior, his name proved
intimacy with Mr. M‘Millan, till 1810. rather injurious than beneficial.
On jeaving Mr. M'Millan, Mr. Blagdon Although Cobbett was still the ostensible
devoted his services to the late Dr. Willich,* proprietor of The Porcupine, Mr. Gifford
in the capacity of amanuensis; and it den took upon himself its entire management
serves to be known, that, whilst thus em- and control; confiding its general conduct to
ployed, he projected, and assisted in the exe- Mr. Blagdon, as editor. This appointment,
cution of that useful work, The Domestic which, in its result, evinced Mr. Gifford's
Encyclopaedia, which is now nearly, if not judgment in the estimation of character,
quite, out of print. From its scarceness, excited surprise in the eyes of mapy, that a
Mr. Blagdon was desirous, in 1813, of com- task so arduous should be entrusted to so
piling a new edition; but he was unable to very young a person. For this task, how-
meet with any bookseller disposed to em- ever, Mr. Blagdon was eminently qualitied,
bark in such an undertaking. Whilst with by his perfect acquaintance with what may
Dr. Willich, who, it will be recollected, was be termed the mechanism of a newspaper;
a native of Germany, Mr. Blagdon availed by the extraordinary facility and rapidity
himself of the opportunity to acquire the with which he translated the foreign jour-
elements of the German language.
nals; and by his perfect knowledge of, and
In 1798, he quitted Dr. Wulich, and en- agreement with, ihe political tenets of his
gaged in a similar capacity with the late Mr. principal.
Nicholson, long known as the truly respect. It was during the time that he held the
able editor of The Philosophical Magazine, editorship of The Porcupine, that Mr.
and as the author and editor of many other Blagdon became acquainted with Cobbett,
valuable scientific works. Under the au- and with the late Henry Redhead Yorke.
spices of this gentleman, of whom he ever ex- It was then, too, that his intercourse com-
pressed himself in terms of the highest re- menced with the humble individual, who,
spect, Mr. Blagdon obtained an insight of ex- by sketching this faint memorial, is dis-
perimental chemistry, and materially in- charging one of the sad yet grateful duties
creased his stock of general knowledge. He of friendship.*
remained with him until the beginning of -
the year 1800.
Of that individual, it is necessary only
to say, that he was introduced to Mr. Gif-
ford by the late Dr. Bissett; that, for many
• Author of Leciures on Diet and Re-
years, his pen occasionally contributed to
gimen,&c.
The Anti-Jacobin Rerievo: that he was se-
+ It will interest many of our readers to
lected by Mr. Gifford to assist in what might
know, that Miss Nicholson, in conjunction
be xmed, more strictly, the literary and
Leamed more:
with a daughter of a valued friend of here
crucal departments of The Porcupine;
father's, has, some time, conducted a re-
and tiar, vill the period of his death, he had
spectable seminary for young ladies, at
Claydon, in the vicinity of Ipswich, Suffolk.
the viour of enjoying the friendship and
confidence of that great and excellent man ;
Nevr McNTHLY MAG.–No. 61.
Vo... XI.
3 B


370
May 1
Some Account of Francis William Blagdon.
Perhaps the autumn of the year 1801 frankness and manliness of character which
was the happiest period of Mr. Blagdon's distinguished him though life, immediately
life. His health was good, his spirits were avowed himself. The consequence of this
buoyant, his prospects were fair, he was was, that the original prosecution was drop-
surrounded by friends; and, to crown the red, and a new one was commenced against
climax, he was then united to the woman Mr. Blagdon. He was accordingly tried
whom he had long loved, with whom he for the alleged libel in the Court ot King's
fondly hoped to pass many a long year of Bench, on the 1st of June, 1805, conrieted,
happiness! In some respects, those fairy and, in the ensuing term, sentenced to six
visions were realised; but, alas! his cup month's confinement in the prison of the
was embittered by many a nauseous court.
dranght.
Upon this subject it is painful to dwell.
Towards the close of this year, a change During the period of his confinement, Mr.
of ministry, the precursor of the peace of Blagdon wiote an account of his trial, and
Amiens, took place; Mr. Gifford's politics several political tracts; and prepared his
were firm and unbending; and, finding that History of India, a splendid work of illus-
his exertions in The Porcupine could be no tration, for the press.
longer essentially serviceable to the cause From the year 1802, till the beginning
which he had invariably supported, he of 1808, when his preparations for The
made a transfer of the property. By the Phoenix newspa, er were commenced, Me.
new proprietors of the paper, Mr. Blagdon's Blagdon was extensively engaged in transla-
editorial assistance was retained; but the tions and other works for the booksellers.
concern was not of a profitable nature, and, Amongst these publications may be men-
in a short time, its career was closed.
tioned, translations of the Voyages and Tra-
Soon afterwards, in the year 1802, he vels of Denon, in Egypt; of Goldberty, in
was engaged by Cobbett, to assist him in his Africa; and of Pallas, in Russia; in eight
Political Register, which was commenced volumes : - Modern and Contemporary
about that period. The Register was not Voyages and Trarels, in ten volumes; The
then, as it has been since, a libel upon every Modern Geographer, in five volumes; the
thing respectable and good. This con- Life of Lord Nelson, and that of George
nexion, however, as might have been ex- Morland, the painter, &c., amounting, in
pected, from the overbearing disposition of the whole, to nearly fifty volumes aod
Cobbett, was but of short duration,
tracts.
In the course of the same year, he was At the commencement of the year 1808,
engaged as Editor of The Observer, a as already stated, Mr. Blagdon began his
well known Sunday paper, which he con- preparations for The Phænit, and, on the
ducted till 1808, with ample credit to him- 14th of February, number I. of that journal
self, and advantage to its then very worthy appeared. For the first eight or nine
and respectable proprietor.
months, its success was perbaris unparal-
A singular, extraordinary, and distressing Teled in the annals of newspaper publica.
event, in the life of Mr. Blagdon, now oc- tion; but the tide of political events ran
curred. In the year 1803, at the time when counter to his ex rtions; his laudable en-
the naval administration of Earl St. Vincent deavours to stem that tide proved unaval-
had excited a universal outcry amongst the ing; and the fall of The Phoenix was more
political adversaries of that nobleman, Mr. rapid even than its rise. This revulsion of
Blagdon, under the signature of “ Aris- public taste was generally attributed to Mr.
tides,” addressed a letter to his lordship. Blagdon's truly liberal, generous, and in-
After the letter had been printed, but not dependent defence of his Royal Highness
published, its author was induced to submit the Duke of York, against the malignant
it to the inspection of his friend, the pro-
prietor of The Obserrer. That gentleman,
* The last number of Mr. Blagdon's
in consequence of some favours which the
Political Register, published on the 13d of
Por;
poble earl had conferred upon one of his
January, 1811, contained a list of his pube
jani
relatives, at that time in the naval service of 1
his country, particularly urged Mr. Blagdon
lications up to that period. “If," says he,
« in either a translation, a compilation, or
to suppress the pamphlet, and to allow him
an original piece-if, in any one part of
to present it to his lordship. To this pro-
this pro- all the numerous books there mentioned, a
position Mr. Blagdon assented. Strange as single jacobin or democratic article is intro-
it may seem, no sooner had his friend paid
duced, or any piece, which can tend to bring
the noble earl the compliment-or, more
correctly speaking, rendered him
boli
religion into contempt, or to degrade the
the ser-
vice alluded to, than his attention was re-
government or constitution of my country;
warded by a prosecution for libel, com-
but, on the contrary, it be not discovered,
that I have forced in notes and observations,
menced against him at the suit of his lord-
on every occasion, to excite a respect for
ship! The author of the letter, with that
loyalty, morality, and religion, then will I
submit to be considered undeserving of li-
a man whom he loved and respected, ad. terary honours and political estimation !!!"
uired and honoured.


1819.)
371
Some Account of Francis William Blagdon.
attacks of one of the most worthless, most only the time and labour which he had de-
contemptible of men. The whole of this voted to the tract, but the tract itself.
memorable affair displayed a striking illus- In 1813, at the time before alluded to,
tration of the truth, that the British people one of his old and steady literary friends
feel as correctly as they judge erroneously. had the satisfaction, on quitting the metro.
By sacrifices almost too serious to be polis, of resigning the editorship of two
contemplated, The Phanix was kept atloat weekly papers in his favour. The salary,
two years, and then it sunk--for ever! though not high, was acceptable; but, hy
Previously, however, to that distressing the caprice of a new proprietor, he was de-
event, Mr. Biagdon, still true to the cause prived of this advantage, at the very mo-
which he had espoused, had brought out ment when, by his successful exertions in
(in October, 1809) his Political Register, promoting the interests of the concern, he
in opposition to that of Cobbett. This, by was entitled, in moral justice, to an increase
various additional privations and sacrifices, of stipend.
was continued till the month of January, Before this event, however, he had com-
1811, when it experienced the same fate as menced, in 1814, an engagement with Mr.
The Phoenir.
Byrne, as a reporter of the debates of the
In attempting to establish these two House of Commons, for The Morning Pos.
papers, Mr. Blagdon expended the sum of During his connexion with that generos
nearly 3,5001. ; besides which he was ulti- and liberal-minded man, he experienced,
mately “ stripped of his all-even his books even to his latest moments, innumerable
and his household furniture.”# “ His ever kindnesses and attentions, which he was
active, ever-buoyant spirit rose superior ever most anxious to acknowledge.
to misfortune; but, notwithstanding his for many years Mr. Blagdon had la-
incessant and indefatigable exertions for the boured under a severe chronic asthma, at-
support of his family, and for the liquida- tended, as was generally thought, by a
tion of pecuniary claims against him,the doors phthisical affection of the lungs. The ar-
of a prison were closed upon his worn and duous nature of the employment, to which
harassed frame. From this severe and com- he had had recourse, as a parliamentary
plicated ruin he never completely emerged. reporter; shut up, perhaps for many hours,
His personal liberty was indeed obtained ; in the heated gallery of the House of Com-
but his high sense of honour and integrity mons, and then suddenly exposed to damps
never again permitted him to feel himself and chilling airs, at all seasons of the night
free; and the remainder of his life pre- --acceleraled the progress of these com-
sented only the melancholy display of a plaints, which finally brought him to the
liberal mind struggling anxiously, but un- dreaded hour that is “ appointed for all
availingly, against the iproads of poverty living." After a short confinement to his
and the attacks of disease.”+
chamber, preceded by a long and wearisome
From the termination of The Political stage of debility, he expired without a strug-
Register, till the spring of the year 1813, gle or a groan, in the arms of his affection-
Mr. Blagdon was without any regular pro- ate brother, and of his worthy friend, Mr.
fessional engagement. In this long and Kelly, on Thursday, the 24th of December,
distressing interval, however, he was not 1818. His remains were committed to the
idle. In the early part of 1812, he was silent earth, in St. Margaret's church-yard,
presented with a copy of the French work opposite the north door of Westminster
of Montgallard, then just published, “On Abbey, on Saturday, the ed of January,
the Monied Situation of Great Britain, in 1819; on which day, had he lived, he
1811.” This he immediately translated; would have completed his 42d year.
but, unfortunately, instead of producing a The maiden name of the lady whom Mr.
remuneration for his labour, it served only Blagdon married, and by whom he has left
to increase his embarrassment.
four children-two girls and two boys,
· With the assistance of a merchant of within the ages of nine and fourteen--was
considerable eminence, of high talent, and Edwards. She is a native of Oswestry in
of extensive information, in the city, he next Shropshire.
wrote an elaborate and complete refutation in the 6 Appeal, &c." which was pri-
of Montgallard's book, which he sent to a vately circulated after Mr. Blagdon's death,
nobleman, high in office, for his perusal. in the hope of obtaining some pecuniary
In this affair, also, he was unfortunate. aid for his bereaved widow and orphans,*
Numerous were the applications which he it is remarked, that, “ in the last number
made to that nobleman, to have the work of his Political Register, he declared, that,
returned, but without effect: he lost not had he the means, his literary labours
against the united enemies of his country,
* Vide “An Appeal to the loyal, the
should terminale only with the failure of
his faculties. This patriotic sentiment was
benevolent and the humane, in behalf of the
family of the late Mr. Francis William Blag-
crowned with fruition, perhaps beyond his
don," referred to at page 186 of the present
volume of The New Monthly Magazine. * Vide page 186 of the present volume
Ibid,
before referred to.


372
Some Account of Augustus Von Kotzebue. [ May 1,
hopes. His ruling passion was sirong, very little if at all known,) was performed
even in death. The rery lasi essay that with great applause in the German theatre
he published, only three or four days be at St. Petersburgh, in 1782. An article,
fore he resigned his submissive spirit to the dated St. Petersburg, in No. 120 of the
Great Author of our being, was levelled Hamburgh newspaper for 1782, says," This
against the mischievous declamations of one play is not a masterpiece, but in several
of the would-be demagogues of the day."'- parts it is admirable, and promises us that
In the same paper, it is observed, that, the author, who is now but 22 years of age,
“ nerer indulging in personalities against will be one day a great acquisition to the
his political opponents ; never forgetting, theatre and the dramatic art." But Bawy
eren in the very torrent, tempest, and died two years after. As he had recom-
whirlwind of passion, the self-respect of a mended Kotzebue to the protection of the
gentleman and a scholar, Mr. Blagdon had Empress, he was made Titular Counsellor;
not an enemy in the world. All who knew and in the year 1783, member of the High
him loved him. With his pen, or with his Court of Appeal at Revel. In 1785 he was
furge, when it allowed him, he was ever made President of the Magistracy of the
prompt to relieve the distresses of others." Province of Esthonia, and as such raised
It was indeed the enviable fortune of the to the rank of nobility. It was at Revel
deceased--and it was equally honourable to that bis talents were displayed in a series of
him and to his friends--that his attachments works, which made him the favourite of the
were durable as they were warm.
public His " Sufferings of the Ortenberg
66 Joy follow thee: if joy can reach the dead. family" (1785,) and “ The Collection of his
And, or my mind miggires, it surely will: smalier Essays" (1787,) first shewed in a
For, when the miseries of life are fled,
brilliant manner his agreeable and diversi-
How sweet the deep forgetfulness of ill !"
fied style; hut it was especially his tiro
T. H.
plays, “ Misanthropy and Repentance," and
AUGUSTUS VON KOTZEBUE.
* The Indians in England," a hich gained
AUGUSTUS VON KOTZEBUE was born
the poet the highest reputation in ali Ger-
March 3, 1761, at Weimar, where his father
many. His ill health obliged him, in 1790,
was Secretary of Legation, in the service of
to make a journey to Pyrmont, where his
the Duke, and where his mother still lives.
ill-famed « Doctor Bahrdt with the Iron
He was remarkable when quite a child for
Forehead,” wbich he published under the
his vivacity and sensibility, and was not yet
name of knigge, lost him a great part of the
esteem which the public had conceived for
six years of age when he made his first at-
tempts at poetry. His love of the dramatic
him. After thie death of his wife he went
art was early excited by the then very good
to Paris, and then for a time to Mentz. He
company of players at Weimar, in which
then obtained his discharge, and retired, is
were the families of Seiler, Brandes, Boeckh,
1795, to the country, where he built the lite
and Eckhof. At this period Kotzebue at-
tle country seat of Friedenthal. eight leagues
tended the Gymnasium, where Musæus,
de from Narva, in Esthonia. The “ Youngest
afterwards his uncle, obtained great influ-
Children of my Ilumour," and above trenty
ence over him by his instructions and ex-
plays, belong to this period. lie was thes
invited to Vienna, as poet to the Court
ample. He was not quite sixteen years old
when he went to the university at Jena,
theatre. Rere he published a great part of
where his love for the drama found new en-
his “ New Plays," which fill abore twenty
couragement in a private theatre. From
volumes. As various unpleasant circum-
attachment to his sister, who married in
stances disgusted him with his place at
Vienna, he requested his discharge, afier an
Duisburg, he went for a time to the univer-
sity there ; whence he returned, in 1779, to
interval of two years, and obtained it, with
Jena, studied jurisprudence, without how-
an annual pension of 1000 florins. He non
ever ceasing to live for the theatre, and to
went to live again at Weimar, but resolved
to return to Russia, where his sons were edu-
compose various pieces. He soon after
passed his examination, and became an
cated in the Academy of Cadets, at St. Pe-
Adrocate. He now enjoyed the entire
tersburg. Baron von Krudener, the Rus-
friendship of the worthy Musæus, and at-
i sian Ambassador at Berlin, gave him the
tempted, as he had already done, with Wie.
necessary passport; but he was arrested on
land, Goethe, Hermes, and Brandes, to
the Russian frontiers (April 1800,) and,
imitate Musæus, an example of which is
trithout knowing for what reason; sent to
his - ], a History in Fragments.” At
Siberia.
Leipsig he printed a volume of Tales, and
A happy chance delivered him. A young
went thence in 1781 to St. Petersburg, whi-
Russian, of the name of Krasnopolski, had
ther he was invited by Count Goerz, Prus.
translated into the Russian language Kotze-
sian Ambassador at that court. He became
bue's little drama, “ The Body Coachman
secretary to the Governor-general Bawr;
of Peter the Third,” which is all indirect
and the latter being charged with the direc-
eulogium of Paul I. The translation was
tion of the German theatre, Kotzebue was
was shewn in MS. to the Emperor Paul, who
again in his element. His first dramatic was so delighted with the piece, that he in-
work, Demetrius Ivanowitsch (which is mediately gave orders to fetch back tho


1819.]
373
Some Account of Augustus Von Kotzebue.
author from his banishment, and distin- peror Alexander, On the State of Literature
guished him on his return with peculiar and Public Opinion in Germany. He
favour. Among other things he made him settled, for this purpose, at Weimar, where
a present of the fine domain of the crown, he published at the same time a Literary
of Worrokull, in Livonia; gave him the di- Journal, in which he constituted himself
rection of the German theatre, and the title judge of all writings in every branch of li-
of Auric Counsellor. M. von Kotzebue has terature which he thought worthy of no-
siven a romantic account of his banishmedi, tice, and at the same time delivered his
well known all over Europe under the title opinions on politics and on the spirit of the
of " The most remarkable Year of my times in a manner which his opponents ac-
Life.” After the death of Paul I. Kotzebue cuse of being in the extremne partial and ils -
requested his discharge, and obtained it, liberal. His Cossack-like tactics, say they,
with a higher title. He went to Weimar, with which he made war on all liberal ideas,
where he lived a short time, and then to especially the wishes of the people for re-
Jena. Various misunderstandings which presentative constitutions, freedom of the
he had with Goethe, vexed him so much, press, &c. in the name of sound reason, of
that he went in 1802 to Berlin, where he which he fancied himself the representa-
joined with Merkel to publish the Journal tive, gained him great applause with a cer-
called Der Freymuthige. Kotzebue and tain class of readers. But it drew upon him
Merkel wrote against Goethe and his adhe the indignation of no inconsiderable part of
rents, Augustus, William Schlegel and Fre- the nation, particularly the ardent minds of
derick Schlegel; and as M. Spazier, at that the German youth; and in this tendency of
time editor of the Journal for the Fashion his latest literary labours, we must doubtless
able World," espoused the cause of the lat- look for the chief cause of his violeat and
ter, there arose a very violent paper war. tragical death.
A more serious consequence of the misun. In the summer of 1818, M. von Kotzebue
derstandings between Kotzebue and Goethe left Weimar, with his family, to recover his
was the removal of the Literary Journal of health in the baths of Pyrmont, passed on this
Jena to Halle, and the establishment of a journey through Francfort on the Maine,
new Literary Journal at Jena. In 1806 he and chose afterwards Manheim for his
went, for the purpose of writing the history place of residence. There he continued his
of Prussia, to Konigsberg, where he was literary and diplomatic labours, violenty
allowed to make use of the archives. His attacked, in his Literary Journal, the Gyni-
work on the history of Prussia, published at nastic Exercises, The Abuse of the free-
Riga 1809, in four volumes, is certainly not dom of the Press, The Assemblies of the
ar historical masterpiece, hut deserves at- States, &c. and incensed in a high degrec
teation, particularly for the origival docu- the German students, by concluding his
ments printed in it. The year 1806, so observations on tue well known tumultuous
unfortunate for the Prussian monarchy, ob- scenes at Gottingen last year, with the fol-
liged him to go to Russia, where he never lorring words : “ Truly ercry father who
ceased to combat the French and their Em- casts an anxious look on his sons, would
peror with all the arms which a writer pos- heartily thank that government which would
sessed of so much wit could command set the example of banishing from its uni-
(particularly in his journal “ The Bee''). versities the Licence of the Students; lor in
The public in Germany were the more eager this academical liberty, as it is called, more
after bis published works, as the French good heads and hearts are, ruined than
hardly permitted a free or bold expression formed," &c.
to be uttered in Germany. As under these Kotzebue possessed a very distinguished
circumstances his political writings had ex- physiognomy. His person was of the mid-
cited a very high degree of attention, he ap- dle side, and extremely well proportioned.
peared, on the great change in the political His eye was sharp and penetrating, his
affairs of Europe in 1813, to be peculiarly countenance expressive; his whole manner
qualified to maintain among the people their shewed understanding, but also the consci-
hatred of the French. Raised to the rank ousness of possessing. In him has perished
of Counsellor of State, he attended the Rus- a man remarkable for a versatility of talent
siap head-quarters, and published at Berlin which few have possessed in an equal de-
a Journal, called “ The Russian and German gree. Whatever may have been the mo
Journal for the People.” In the year 1814, tives of his assassin, however the ardent
he went to Konigsberg as Russian Consul- mind of the youth may have been worked
General in the Prussian dominions, where, upon by fanaticism, the deed he has com-
besides several political pamphlets, comedies mitted cannot be contemplated without the
and little dramas, he wrote a history of the highest detestation.
German Empire, which is said to be very. GEORGE HENRY HARLOW.
partial. In 1816 he was placed as Coun. This distinguished artist was born in St.
sellor of State in the Department of fo- James-street, London, on the 10th June,
reign Affairs in St. Petersburg, and in 1817 1787. His father, who had been many years
received the commission to go to Germany, in China, and ten a resident in Cantou, in
in order to send reports directly to the Em- the exercise of commercial pursuits, died in


374
[May 1,
Some Account of Mr. George Henry Harlow.
the month of February preceding; so that into all the toils of detail. Young Harlow's
our Artist had the early inisfortune to be a progress justified the anticipations of his
posthumous child. Thus upon his mother, friends. From De Cort, he went for twelve
a wife at the age of 15, and a widow at the months to study under Mr. Drummond.
age of 27, devolved the charge of six intants, During this period, so ardent was he in the
of whom five were females, and the last a search of knowledge-50 anxious for im-
boy. It may easily be conceived how pre- provement, that he absolutely resisted every
cious such a boy must have been to a parent effort to seduce him into the amusements
so left to buffet with the world's business and generally so acceptable at his time of life.
cares. And it does appear, that the deepest While with Drummond, the scholar, who
anxiety for bis future welfare, was ever one had soon outstripped his master, became
of the most governing passions of her life. impressed with an enthusiastic admiration
With laudable foresight, and to induce of Mr. (now Sir Thomas) Lawrence. The
habits of discipline and diligence in one productions of that gentleman were the
without the control of a father, George was, theme of his boundless panegyrics, and he
when very young, sent to the school of Dr. longed to be like him, with all that intensity
Parrow, in Soho Square. From thence he of desire which belongs to aspiring genius.
was removed to the academy of Mr. Roy, In consequence of which an application was
in Burlington-street, and in these two places made to Mr. Lawrence, who consented to
received, we believe, all the scholastic edu- receive him as a pupil, by which phrase is
cation of which he was ever master. What meant, that he would, for the payment of
literary improvement he afterwards made a hundred guineas, annually, allow him free
being eptirely his own. While at Mr. Roy's access to his house at nine o'clock in the
that irresistible predilection for the art in morning and to copy his pictures till four in
which he became so distinguished, and the afternoon, but give po instructions of any
which had evinced itself almost from the kind. Accordingly Harlow prosecuted this
cradle, acquired an ascendancy so entirely course for about 18 months, and worked
engrossing his mind, as to lead him to des. with incommon diligence, in adding the
pise or neglect other occupations. His mo. grace and flowing outline of his new master
ther, unhappy at the idea of her son devote to the minute finish and broad manner of his
ing himself to a profession so exceedingly two antecedent preceptors. So ardently did
precarious as that of an artist, sought the he thirst for fame that he has often been
advice of a Mr. Rush, a friend of the family. heard to say, “I do not want riches, I in-
To this gentleman it was explained, that tend to paint for fame and glory." The
George, when only five years old, was never whole life of this young man was of the
without the pencil in his hand; that when same character, and we dwell upon it as a
the rest of the family went to the theatre, or lesson to all who aspire to distinction in the
to other amusements, his sole delight was arts, or indeed in any other pursuit. Mr.
to be left at home with implements for draw. Harlow never studied at the Royal Academy :
ing, and permission to use them; and that he used to say, that he could do more at
drawing, and nothing but drawing occupied home, where his attention was undivided,
his thoughts, and fired his soul; his pleasant than even with all the advantages offered
Lou by day, and his dream by night. Mr. there, in the midst of so many others to
Rush listened to the exposition, and gave at distract it. About this time the house of
once the advice of a prudent man, and the Mr. Hamilton of Dean-street, was to let, and
aid of a true friend.
being every way fitted up for the accom-
He was not misled by that scrawling pro- modation of a painter, he secured it, and
pensity which is an imitative faculty, iphe- with his mother and family, removed into it,
rent in almost all children; but neither where she continued to reside until a short
would he oppose a bent of genius apparently time before her death, which happened in
as natural as it was powerful, and as real as the year 1809.
it was strong.
As it is our purpose rather to trace
His counsel was, not to dissuade the boy the artist, than the man, we will now
from his favourite pursuit, but to afford him briefly mention such matters as illustrate
a fair trial, in order to ascertain if his love this subject. During his whole life, it was
of the art was worth cultivating; or in other Mr. Harlow's custom to sketch at the mo-
words, if instead of being a freak of imma-
ment every thought that occurred to him,
ture judgment, it had its roots so deep as to and seemed deserving of being so embodied.
defy every effort at removal. Of this expe- He thus accumulated port folios of trea-
riment he took the expense upon himself, sures, the materials for almost every emer-
and George was to his infinite satisfaction,) gency. A practice of collecting and, as
assigned as a student for one year, to the in- it were, realizing ideas in this way, cannot
struction of M. de Cort, a painter of land be too much recommended, either to artists,
scapes, portraits, and occasionally, of ani or authors. His first Historical picture
mals. His pencil was minute, and his pic- piece was Bolingbroke's entry into London,
ta res generally laboured and hard, but his which was never exhibited. The first which
peculiar habits were far from being ill cal. was exhibited at the Royal Academy, (ex-
culated for a beginner, who must be initiated cept the portrait of his mother) was the


1819.]
375
Some Account of Mr. George Henry Hurlow.
quarrel between Elizabeth and her favorite dangerous aspect, and at length ulcerated so
Essex, in which Majesty so far forgot itself as to preclude the possibility of administer-
as to strike a subjeci. We do not remem- ing nourishment of any kind, and even to
ber any other subject in the higher walks of prevent utterance. In this dreadful state
art between this, which was painted ten or he lay for several days, and expired on the
twelve years ago, and the Hubert and Prince 28th of January, 1819, in the 32d year of
Arthur which was at the British Gallery his age.
ahont four years since. Indeed, we appre- The remains of this distinguished Artist
hend, from Mr. Harlow's not retaining the were buried in a vault of St. James' church,
house in Dean-street, more than about seven attended by his nearest relatives, and some
years of this time, and other circumstances, of the eminent Artists of the present day.
ihat he was under some shade of pecuniary As a painter, we would rank Mr. H. in the
difficulties and eclipse. The picture, Hu- very first place. To surprising variety of
bert, which we have just mentioned, was talent, he added the finest feeling for what
painted for a Mr. Leader, at the price of was really captivating in the art. His taste
only 100 guineas; and Mr. L. afterwards was pure, and his genius great. Sometimes
exchanced it with the Artist, for a subject of faulty in his drawing; his outline was free.
nearer domestic interest, the portraits of two flowing, and graceful; and his style of
of his daughters. The splendid picture of colouring rich and splendid. In composi-
the Kemble family, in the characters of tion the same innate feeling for what was
Katherine. King Henry, Wolsey, &c. was delightful guided him, and in expression he
originally begun on a small scale, but the fell short of no competitor. His faults
Artist became so enamoured of his theme when compared with his excellencies, were
as he proceeded, that he enlarged his plan, of the most trilling kind, and in a short
and produced the present admirable work, time would all have been eradicated.
which he consigned to Mr. Welsh, the com-
PRANCISCO MANUEL.
poser, for 100 guineas. The last great The celebrated Portuguese poet Francisco
Trork exhibited by Mr. Harlow, was Christ Manuel, died at Paris on the 25th ult. at
healing the woman who had an issue of the advanced age of 84. From his earliest
Wood"I possesyed great merit, though youth he had successfully cultivated almost
not on the whole so fine as some of his for-
every branch of literature. Having pro-
mer efforts. Mr. H. obtained a well earned
foundly studied the best Portuguese classi-
and high reputation by his unrivalled por-
cal authors, his works were imbued with a
traits upon a small scale. Those of Mr.
portion of their beauties, and his literary
West and Mr. Northcote will be long remem-
productions helped to revive among his
bered as chef-d'oeuvres. His talents seemed countrymen a taste for the noblest studies,
to be unbounded, and with the exception of Ilis odes which are full of enthusiasm, are
landscape, we are not acquainted with any remarkable for bold traits and sublime flights
branch of the art in which he did not excel. of genius. In his translation of La Fontaine's
On the 22d of June, 1818, Mr. Ilar- Fables he overcame difficulties which were
low set out on a tour of improvement, to before thought insurmountable owing to his
Italy; and re-landed at Dorer the 13th of
perfect knowledge of the French and Por-
January 1819. This, but for its termina- tuguese languages. Unfortunately, it is not
tion, was to him a fortunate and glorious with respect to talent only, that he may be
journey. In Italy he made many friends, compared to other celebrated poets : fame
and received many honors from the various smiled more kindly on him than fortune.
Academies. During this short interval of The Marquis de Marialva, the Portuguese
absence he made an entire copy of the ambassador to the French Court, whose
Transfiguration, and executed a composi- kind patronage Manuel had long enjoyed,
tion of fifteen figures of his own conception, befriended him in his last illness, and afford-
which was at the request of the celebrated ed him all the assistance that might be ex-
Canova publickly exhibited at his own pected from his benevolent disposition, and
house, and afterwards at the Academy of his love of literature and the fine arts.
St. Luke's. These two pictures are shortly Died.] In Baker street, Portman square,
expected in England, and we congratulate the Rt. Hon. Lady Elizabeth Drummond,
the lovers of the Fine Arts on the treat widow of the late H. D., esq.--At his house,
awaiting them by their exhibition. Soon Maida Hill, J. D. Windeler, esq. 71.-
after Mr. llarlow's arrival in town he was In Beaumont street, St. Mary-le-bonne, J.
seized with that malady which terminated Story, esq., formerly Lieut-colonel in the
his existence, which was the cynanche paro- 21st Regt. of foot-At his house in Con-
tidæo, or what is commonly called the duit street, Sir W. Farquhar, Bart., 81-
mumps. At first it did not threaten any In Weymouth street, Anne Dowager Mar-
consequence more serious than a few days chioness Townshend, relict of The most no.
corfinement at home, but perhaps from an ble George,' first Marquis Townshend, of
anxiety to get rid of so unpleasant an exter- Rainham hall, Norfolk-in Euston square,
nal appearance, at an important period for John Horsley, esq. 77-In Chancery lane,
active exertion, the disease was checked Frances, wife of Mr. G. Reynell-In Russel-
and thrown inward. It speedily assumed a place, Fitzroy sq., Matilda, fourth daughter


1819.j
377
Cumberland- Cheshire-Devon. "
Mr. Sherale --At St. Mary's, Col. Geo. upon a question which is of consii'er :ble
Vigoreux, Lieut. Governor of the Scilly consequence to the lower classes of work-
Islands At Musagun, Mr. R. Wilcot, 62 people in manufactories. It arose from a
At Crowan, Miss Cardell, of St. Colomb, warrant having been obtained by Mr.
aged 19-At Redruth, Mr. Trevenna, 75 Joseph Rowbotham, silk-manufacturer, of
At Falmouth, Miss Michell-At Forey, Sulton, against one of his work-people for
Jane, daughter of Mr. Whitford-At the absenting herself from her work, and leav-
same place, aged 17 years, esteemed and ing his service after having signed articles,
much lamented, Miss Pockey-At Padston, such as are generally signed in different
Mr. J. Ilodge, 68--At Copper House, Miss manufactories. The Magistrates wishing
Vivian, 36-At Bodmin, Mr. Lewis Ros- that all possible attention should be paid to
cula, 75–At Penzance, Mrs. Eddy, 754 the question, desired that Counsel's opinion
At Wakebridge, Mrs. Susan Brewer, 80 might be taken as to the validity of such
At Padstow, Mr. W. Courtenay, 81–At hirings; and they unanimously agreed with
Launceston, John Bignell, esq surgeon-Al that opinion, that such birings are valid, and
Topsham, Leonardus Aust, esq.
that any persons having so hired themselves
and afterwards absenting themselves from
CUMBERLAND.
their work are liable, upon complaint being
The shepherd of Mr. R. Robinson, of made by their masters, to be sent to the
Helsington Laiths, near Kendal, went to House of Correction.--Macclesfield Courier.
view and count his master's flock. Find Chester Bridge. No plan is yet defi-
ing one of the number to be wanting, and nitively agreed to, with respect to the im-
looking attentively for it, be at last heard provernent of the present inconvenient and
a sheep bleat, when to his great surprise, very dangerous structure. We see no ne-
he observed the poor animal at the top of cessity for so much time being lost, when
an ash-tree covered with ivy, seven yards all agree in the necessity of the undertaking.
from the ground, from which elevated sta- Birhs.) At Harley Hall, the lady of the
tion it seemed to beg for immediate assist. Rev. R. Egerton Warburton, of a son. At
ance. The shepherd being afraid to under- Malpus, the lady of the Rev. P. Egerton, of
take the task himself, went home for the a daughter--Ai Old Bank, the lady of Geo.
aid of his fellow servant, who, not giving Glanville, esq. of a daughter.
credit to his account, at first refused to ac- Married.] At Malpus, Mr. John Dode,
company him--but being at length pre- of Larkton, to Miss Peers, of Barnhill-
vailed upon to go, the sheep was brought in Mr. John Wheelton, to Mary, youngest
safety down from his perilous situation. daughter of the late Rev. James Winfeld,
Carlisle Patriot.
of this county-Mr. Woodeny, of Grogre-
- Henry Hall, esq. of Carlisle, on Easter nor House, to Miss H. Pacey--At Chester,
Day, presented a very handsome service of Mr. Samuel Jones, to Miss Briscoe-Mr. J.
Communion Plate to his native parish of Venables, to Miss Hassel.
Died.) At Congleton, Mrs. Harriet Wat-
Birth) Al Keswick, the lady of Robertson--At Chester, Mrs. Henchman--R. Bar-
Southey, esq. poet laureate, of a son. ton, esq. 74–At Nantwich, A. Clarkson,
Married.) At Carlisle, Mr. James Leigh- A. M. Chaplain to the Duke of Leeds--At
ton, to Miss Jane Purvis-At Burgh, W. Chester, Mr. Charles Tomlinson.
George Lawson, o Miss Lonsdale--At
DERBYSHIRE.
Kendal Mr. J. Wallas, to Miss Foxcroft Married.] At Sutton on the Hill, Mr.
At Carlisle, Mr. W. Longhead, to Miss George Eaton, of Castle Dorrington, to Miss
M. Burns-At Whitehaven, Mr. R. Wilson, Trussel.
to Miss Faulkener-At Kneadbright, Dr.
DEVONSHIRE.
Shard, to Mrs. Kendan-At Carlisle, Henry Several extensive improvements are said
Tweddle, to Miss J. Richardson-At Lam- to be in contemplation at Plymouth. One
plugh, Capt. J. Jenkinson, to Miss F. Jack-
of the most manifest utility to Plymouth,
son --At Carlisle, the Rev. W. Ponsonby,
Stonehouse, and Dock, is the making the
vicar of Urswick, near Ulverston, to Miss former an Assize town. A new street is
Ashburper,
planned from Nut-street to the Royal
Died.] At Carlisle, Mr. Thomas Car-
Hotel, with a square, in the centre of which
rick, 91-At the same place, Mrs. Paley, a Monument to the memory of the late
relict of the Rev. Dr. Paley, 76—At Work- Princess Charlotte is designed to be erected.
ington, Catherine, daughter of John Wal- The Plymouth Telegraph sayg_" The
ker, esq. 20-At Greystoke, Mrs. Rud- mania for emigration, we regret to state,
house, house-keeper of Greystoke Castle, still continues, and every vessel that quits
78-ÁC Penrith, Mrs. Hogarth, 39—At the shores of England for the United States
Kirkland, Wm. Yates, esq-A Whitehaven, is overburthened with British passengers.
Wm. Williamson, esq. 68_At Bridekirk, There are several ships now in this port,
Mr. George Warton, 85-At Carlisle, Mrs. thus freighted, which await only a favour-
H. Nelson, 76.
able wind. On board one of them is a
CHESHIRE.
farmer, called Williams, of the parish of
A decision was given lately at Alderley, Botes Fleming, with his wife and ten chil-
by the Magistrates acting for this divisi, dren. It is really lamentable to view the
New MONTHLY MAG.NO, 64. Vol. XI. 3C
Gilcrux.


1819.)
379
Hants-Herts-Kent-Lancashire.
John's, Newfoundland - Wm. Bowren, esq.
HANTS,
to Grace Eliza Gourly, of Shirehampton At the Winchester Assizės, damages of
At Clifton, George Seddon, esq. of London, 9701. were obtained against the proprietors
to Lydia, only daughter of I. Cooke, esq. of the Express Coach between Gosport and
of Bristol-At Alkmond's, Shrewsbury, London, by the upsetting of which the
Mr. Benjamin Bromley, of Hencott, to Mrs. plaintiff, Mr. Devereux, had two compound
Ann James, of the former place-At St. fractures of the leg.
Chad's, Shrewsbury, Mr. T. Howell, to B irth.) At Fawley, the lady of the Rev.
Miss Ramsbotham, both of that town; and Luke Gasker, of a daughter,
the Rev. Marsha! Claxton, to Miss Deason Died.). At Winchester, Mr. George
-Mr. Venables, to Mary, eldest daughter Cape, clerk at the hank, Shaftesbury, 17;
of Mr. Hassall, banker, of Whitechurch Mrs. Thomas, wife of Mr. Thomas, some
The Rev. Charles Winnington, to Arabella years since Vicar of the Cathedral -At
Elizabeth, eldest daughter of R. Thornton Winchester, Lady Drummond.
Heysham, esq. of Stayen hoe Park, Herts-
HUNTINGDONSHIRE.
Mr. A. Harris. second son of G. Harris, Died.) At Yoxley, Mr. John B. Hunt,
esq. of Oatlands, to Mary, only daughter of 73---At Huntingdon, Mr. John Watson, fa-
John Best, esq. of Kidderminster--At Glou- ther of Mr. Watson, surgeon, Twicken-
cester, R. Hurd Lucas, esq. to Miss Small, ham, 85..
of Clifton Hall, Bucks-T. Dennis, esq. of
KENT.
Barnstaple, to Miss S. Taleo, youngest daugh- A very considerable seizure was made
ter of the late Wni. Tafeo, esq. of Chalford lately by the Surveyors of Customs at Do-
- At Cheltenham, Capt. Thos. Alexander ver, upon the persons of two passengers
Cooper, to Charlotte, second daughter of who were just going to depart the kingdom
D. Maitland, esq.
in a French vessel. It consisted of belts or
Died.] Robert, the infant son of R. girdles, made in the shape of stays, in which
Jenkins, esq. of Charlton-hill-At Shrews- were contained $800 guineas!
bury, Mr. S. Scoltock, 81--Mr. Bryan, 70 B irths.] The Viscountess Fo kestone, of
Ceaser Colclough Armett, esq. Major In a daughter.
his Majesty's 25th regiment of foot-James Married.) At Rochester, Lieut. Col. W.
Gilbert, esq. late of Lancille Hall, Here- Pasley, to Miss M. M. Roberts–At Lydd,
fordshire-Sarah Ruth, third daughter of W. King, esq. of Brookland, to Maria
T. Biston, esq. of Neach Hill, near Shiff- Terry, of Lydd---At Dover, Mr. R. Baker,
nal---At Painswick, Sophia, wife of Mr. to Miss E. Richards---At Canterbury, Mr.
Wollen, surgeon--- At North Nibley, Henry, R. Dyason, to Miss M. Mutton---At Staple-
youngest son of the late Mr. R. Barton--- In hurst, Mr. Church, surgeon, to Miss Spring
St. Mary's-square, Gloucester, Mrs. Ches. ---At Chatham, Mr. Lutton, to Miss Horne,
ton, 80--- At Gloucester, Mrs. Hannah of the same place---At Sittingbourne, Jas.
Evans, 66---At Clifton, Elizabeth Francis, Vallance, esq. to Miss C, A, Plestowa At
wife of Wm. Ogle Wallis Ogle, esq. of Folkestone, Mr. E. Laws, to Miss W. For-
Causey Park, Northumberland - At Sion dred---At Faversham, Mr. W. Hart, 10
Hill, George Wales, esq.
Miss Oliver---At Sitingbourne, M. J.
HAMPSHIRE.
Watson, to Miss Broadbridge---At Folke-
Married.) At Hamble, the Hon. Fred. stone, Mr. J. Crugling Magir, to Miss F.
Lumley, second brother to the Earl of Wraught.
Scarborough, to Jane, second daughter of Died.] At Ramsgate, Jo
Died.) At Ramsgate, John Fleming,
the late Admiral Bradley.
esq. 52---At Rochester, Mr. T. Boucher,
Died.] AtUpton Grey, Charlotte, youngest 23---At Stroud, Mrs. Monson, aged 94---
daughter of the late Stephen Cosser, eaq. At Maidstone, Mrs. Powell.--At Lenham,
of Mill-street, Westminster, 19-At Port- Mrs. Munn, 84--At Arcliffe Fort, Dover,
chester Frances Mary, eldest daughter of Miss M. A. France, 14--At Folkestone,
Wm. Singling, esq. of Southampton-At Mr. J. Spicer, 74---At Canterbury, Mr.
Lymington, Mr. J. George, of Romsey, 60. , Solput--- At Canterbury, Mrs. White --At
HEREFORDSHIRE.
Folkstone, Mr. G. Taylor, 25.- At Canter-
Married.) At Kington, John Morgan, bury, Miss Goldfinch--Ai Canterbury, G.
esg, of Glasbury, Radnorshire, to Wini- Denne, eso.--- 10 Tenterden, Mr. W. Bi-
fred, third daughter of J. Meredith, esq. of shop--At Eltham, Mrs. Mary Fisher, 62--
the former place-On Saturday last, at St. At Rye, J. Woollet, esq.--At Maidstone,
Paul's, Walden, Hertfordshire, the Rev. Mrs. Dowlnt--At Margate, Miss Russell---
Charles Fox Winnington, 10 Arabella Eliza., At Canterbury, Mr. K. Skinner, 74.
eldest daeghter of Rob, Thornton Heysham,
LANCASHIRE.
esq. of Stagenhoe Park, Hertfordshire. Birth.) At Malpas, the Lady of the
Died.) Mr. Edward Jones, of Hereford- Rev. P. Egerton, of a daughter.
At the same place, Mary Sophia, youngest Married.] At St. Anne's Church, Liver-
daughter of Mr. Luke Edwards, 26-At pool, William Purser, eldest son of Thos.
St. Leonard's, Mrs. Jones-Mrs. Cheese, Frène, esq. to Ann Triphosa, only daughter
relict of Mr. Edmund Cheese, of Lyons- of the late W. Doll, esq.---At Manchester,
ball, 84.
Miss Lawson, eldest daughter of Mr. Ro-


--380 Leicester - Lincoln--Monmouth- Norfolk--Northampton, &c. (May),
bert Lawson, of Chirnside---Mr. J. Phoenix, Cook to Miss Owles-At Thetford, R. H.
to Miss Williams.-At Manchester, Mr. Dee, esq. to Miss Ottley-At Swaffham, Mr.
Webb, of Winslow, to Miss Anne Hodgson. J. Goodrich to Miss Gray.
-MT. J. Stanley Balls, to Miss Caroline Died.) Mr. John Adis, of St. George's,
Andrews.-J. Gunnery, esq. of Liverpool, Norwich, 63.-Miss Ann Cole, youngest
to Miss Webster, of Grove Cottage. At daughter of Pennel Cole, esą, surgeon.At
Liverpool, W. J. Buchanan, to Miss Mar- , Heacham, Mrs. M. Cobb, sister of F. Cobb,
garet Smith.
esq. banker, of Margate.-Mary Amie An-
Died.] At Prescot, Mr. Edward Roberts. drews, 22-Edw, Copping, esg. 88. At
-At Wigan, the Rer. Thomas Tate.-At Ellsingham, Mr. Lacey, 75.-At Swaffham,
Ashton Hall, near Lancaster, Mr. George Mr. S. Colls, 46.
Wormack, 53.- At Stockport, Mr. P. Wild.
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.
-At Liverpool, Elias Joseph, esq. 64. Births.) At Guilsborough Grange, the
At Manchester, Mrs. Walker.
lady of John Ward, esq. of a daughter.
LEICESTERSHIRE.
Married.) Mr. H. F. Elm, of London, to
Births.1 At Misterton House, the lady of Miss Sarah Chapman, third daughter of
Richard Gough, esq. of a daughter.
Mr. Wm. Chapman, of Orton Lodge At
• Married l At Leicester, the Rev. Thos. Belgrave, Sir Chas. Payne, bart. to Fanny
Davies, of Atherstone, to Mrs. Nutt. of Richardson At Daventry, the Rev. T. Bar-
Granby-str. Leicester-At Loughborough, naby, jud. M. A. of Misterton, Leicester-
Mr. Fosbrooke, jun. surgeon, to Miss
shire, to Sarah, youngest daughter of the
Patchett-At Belgrave, Sir Chas. Payne to late Andrew Meires, esq. of the former place.
Miss Fanny Richardson-At the same place,
Died.] At Boltham, Jas. Thos. Bell, esc.
Mr. C. Baldock to Miss Newly.
59—At Northampton, Wm. Gates, gent. 76.
Died.] At Welford Mr. W. Smith, son -At Blisworth, Mr. Cave, 86.- At Astrop,
of the laie John Smith, 63_Al Leicester, J. Mrs. Goodwin, wife of Mr. Goodwin, sur-
Chamberlain, esq. 81-At Great Wigston, geon, 74.-At Weekley, Mr. S. Potter, 87.
Mrs. Earp, 74.
- At Daventry, Mr. Carpenter, 82,-At Pe-
LINCOLNSHIRE.
terborough, the lady of Wm. Squire, esq.
A dreadful accident occurred at Sauce-
At Moulion, Mr. W. Chown, school-mas-
ter, 65.-At Holdenby, Mr. John Wright;
thorpe, near Spilsby, in this county, which
led to the death of a respectable woman, and
76.–At Cold Ashby, Mr. Sharpe, 82.
the consequent commitment of the son of an
· NORTHUMBERLAND.
opulent farmer to Lincoln Castle. Two · Married.] At Hexham, Mr. Geo. Carr
persons, named Grummitt and Ailsby, quar- to Mrs. Farrow, both of that place.-t
relled violently at the public-house in Rothhury, Lieut.-colonel Judgson, of Car-
Saucethorpe, and the former having seized terside House, to Miss Mary Anderson.
the fire poker to return a blow which he Dicd.] At Leazes, near Hexham, Mrs.* .
had received from the latter, in the act of Sparke, relict of Isaac Sparke, esq. of Sun-
furiously brandishing it over his head, derland, 23.-At the Lee, Rothbury Forest,
struck Mrs. Robinson, the landlady, jusi Mr. John Cruthers, 75.-At Kingswood,
above one eye, and the poker penetrating Mrs. Ann Liddell, 85.
her skull, caused her death before surgical
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.
assistance could be obtained.
On Saturday se'onight, the first stone of
Lately, a farmer of North Willingham,
· the new Church intended to be erected at.
in this county, was attacked by a fierce bull,
Rugeley, was laid. Viscountess Anson, at
who got him down, broke his right thigh in
the earnest request of the committee, per-
two places, and his collar bone, and tore
formed the ceremony. A numerous at-
out his bowels. The poor man survived
tendance of the neighbouring gentry look
but a lew hours.
Married.] At Stanton, Mr. Cartwright,
place, and the scene was witnessed by a large
concourse of spectators.
of Marchomiey, to Miss Harris, of Stanton.
Births.] At Ossington, the lady of J.
--AtSpalding Mr. B. Barnby to Miss L. B.
Denison, esq. of a son.--At Cowper Farm),
Atkin -- At Lincolo, Mr. T. Cordukes to
near Blyth, the lady of A. Watts, esq. of a
Miss E. Burden.
daughter.
Died.) At Botham, J. T. Bell, esq. 30
Married.] At Plumtree, the Rev. J. Burn-
years town clerk of the corporation of Lin-
side to Miss Thompson.-At Newark, the
coln.
Rev. J. Heckling to Mrs. Potts.--- At Not-
MONMOUTH.
tingham, Mr. Harrison to Miss Jeffreys.
Dica.] At Wonaston, near Monmouth,
Died.) At Nottingham, Mr. J. Lee, 29.
Mrs. Lidia Jones-Mrs. Butler, of Caer-
--Mrs. "Radford.- At Nottingham, Mr.
leon, 79.
Johnson.--Mrs. Mary Broadhursi. – At
NORFOLK.
Balderton, Mrs. Lock, 82.--At Nottingham,
· Married.) Mr. W. Haws, of Diss, to Eli- Miss Kirk, 24.-At Highfield, near Nota
zabeth, eldest daughter of Mr. Geo. Shaw, tingham, M. A. Lowe.--At Hexley Ilall,
of Tirershall, St. Mary-At Aungay, Mr. Mrs. Anna Greaves.


1819.) 0.xford-Rutland-Sulop-Somerset--Stafford-Suffolk.
381
OXFORDSHIRE.
wife of the Rev. F. H. rector of Buckhora
A more extraordinary instance of the fe- Weston, Dorset - At Wivelscombe, Mrs.
cundity of a cow, than the following, we be- HancockAt Bath, George Watts, esq.
lieve is not on record:- She produced in The Rev. Anthony Pyne, rector of Pitney
July, 1815, five calves ; in May, 1816, three and Kingsweston--At Bruton, Mr. Saun-
ditto; in March, 1817, three ditto; in May, ders, surgeon---At Frome, Mr. John Ford
1818, two ditto ; and in April, 1819, three Dulcibella, relict of the Rev. Chorley
ditto; making together 16 in the space of Manley, vicar of Bradford-At Bruton, the
four years. - The skins of the first five are Rev. R. Goldesbrough, D.D. rector of San.
preserved; the three last are living, and derton, Bucks.-Mrs. M. L. Cogan, Taun-
considered by judges to be very fine ones. ton, 72—Mr. Danial May, 71-On Sion
Tais prolific animal was bred by Mr. Mi- Hill, Henry Pilot, esq. late major in the 31st
chael Williams, of Old Shifford farm, near regt. 79-On St. James's Parade, Richard,
Bromtan, in this county, and is now in son of Mr. Phillips, of the Customs of Bris-
nis possession. Oxford Paper.
tol, 18—At Bristol, Mrs. Rose, relict of the
Married.] Sir Jacob Astley, bart. of late J. C. R. esq.-Martha, relict of the late
Melton Constable, Norfolk, to Georgiana Capt. T. Williams, 64-Mrs. M. Mills, 69.
Caroline, youngest daughter of Sir H. Dash- At Mells, Anne, wife of Jos. Fussell, esq.
mood, bart. of Kirtlington Park.
-Jordin, sixth son of Mr. Arthur Palmer,
Died.] At his lodgings, Balliol College, of Park row, Bristol.
the Right Rev. John Parsons, D.D. Lord
STAPPORDSHIRE.
Bishop of Peterborough, 58. — Edward Potters' Clay, &c.-Clay and other ma-
Good, esq. of Alting ton, 71.-At Wood- terials for the potter's use have been found
stock, James, third son of Mr. Churchill, 80. on the Halkin mountains, particularly a
At Oxford, F. Townsend, esq.
porcelain clay, which the analysis of able
RUTLANDSHIRE.
chemists and the trials of some of the most
Died.] At Oakham, the Rev. H. Field. eminent potters prove to be most valuable.
SHROPSHIRE.
There is an abundant supply of it; and in
A Shropshire pig was lately slaughtered a very short time the Staffordshire potters
at Kirkby Lonsdale, fed by Mr. Lodge, will reap considerable advantages from its
chandler, which measured in length from introduction : for, from its locality, it will
the snout to the root of the tail, seven feet; be afforded to them at a cheaper rate than
its girth was seven feet eight inches; its the materials for which it is to be substituted,
weight, including the reidings, 65st. 5lbs. though possessing superior qualities. -
(14lbs. to the stone), and was sold for 231. There is also a quarry of silicious rock
Birth.] At Acton Burnell, the lady of abounding in organic impressions, from
Sir E. J. Smyth, of a son.
which several pair of mill-stones have been
Married.] At Whittington, Mr. Robert formed and worked for some few months,
Bowen, of Preeshenley, 19, tó Mrs. Ruth and are found to answer all the purposes of
Morris, 85-Mr. I. Vepables, Shrewsbury, French Burrs.
to Miss Hassal.
Births.) At Greencroft, the wife of Capt.
Died.] At Frankton, J. W. Burlton, esq. Alex. Innes, of a daughter-At Newcastle,
SOMERSETSHIRE.
the wife of Capt. Bradshaw, of a daughter..
Ilchester Gaol.--As a proof of the ad-
Married.) 'The Hon. F. Lumley, second
mirable management and useful employ-
brother to the Earl of Scarborough, to
ment of the prisoners in this gaol, the assize
Jane, second daughter of the late Admiral
courts at Taunton afforded the pleasing ex-
Bradley.
hibition of two cloth covers for the counsel
Died.) At Yoxall Lodge, Francis, son
and attornies' tables in each court, entirely
of the Rev. Thomas Gisborne.-At Glass-
manufactured by the prisoners in this gaol
house Bridge, Capt. Ogle.-J. Dickenson,
from the staple in the pack, through the esq. coroner for the county of Staffordshire.
different processes of picking, sorting, comb- -At Statlord, Mr. Hubbard, 96.
ins, carding, spinning, weaving, and dying,
SUPPOLK.
to the greatest perfection. The cloths are Married.] James Purr, esg. of Old
dark blue; and the centre of each bears the Newton, to Sophia Alice, daughter of the
following inscription, worked in yellow silk: Rev. John Casborne, late vicar of Old Neir.
“ Manufactured by the Prisoners in Ilches- ton.-At Hadleigh, Mr. John Ellisden, to
ter Gaol, 1819."
Miss Ann Williams, daughter of Mr. S. W.
Married.] At Wetham, James de Visme, -At Lewis, Mr. Thomas Shewell, of Ip-
esq. to Charlotte Chatfield, of Deptford - swich, to Maria, only daughter of W. Mar-
At Bath, W. Bowrin, esg. to Miss G. E. tin, esq. of the former place.
Gourly, of Sbirehampton-At Bridgewater, Died.) The Rev. Charles Steggall, rec."
M. R. Hodge to Miss Grabham.
tor of Wyverstone and Westhorpe. -- At
Died.] At Bath, Eliza, eldest daughter Needham, Mrs. Gurley, relict of Peter
of the Rev. F. Gardiner, A. M. rector of G. esq. of the island of St. Vincent.-At-
Combhay-The Rev. Thomas How, rector Halesworth, the Rev. Thomas Barker, curate
of Huptspill, 61-At Bath, s. Lott, esq. of of Gislingham and Rishangles.- Af Brad-
Honiton- At Wincanton, Mrs. Hawkins, field, Mrs. F. Bruce, 95.


382
[May 1.
Surrey--Sussex-Warwick- Wilts.
SURREY.
WILTSHIRE.
Birth.] At Wootton Rectory, the Hon. That most useful undertaking, the North
Mrs. Boscawen of a son.
Wilts Canal, being completed, the Commit-
Married.) At Little Bookham, J. Havi- tee of Management proceeded on Friday the
land, Esq. M. D. to Louisa, youngest daugh- second instant, in their barge, to open the
ter of the late Rev. G. Pollen, of Bookham same for Navigation. During their pro-
-At Christ Church, Surry, J. H. Brown- gress, from its commencement at the Wilts
ing esq. of Paglesham Hall, to Miss Sarah and Berk3 Canal, near Swindon, to its ter-
Gould.
mination in the Thames and Severn Canal,
Died.] At West Horsley, the Rev. Wes at Latton, near Cricklade, they inspected the
ton Fullerton.-At Gilling, near Richmond, various works, and were highly satisfied at
Mr. Mason--At Botley's, Miss Mawbey the very able and substantial manner in
At Newington, Mrs. Rachael Hooper. which they had been constructed under the
SUSSEX.
direction of Mr. Whitworth, the compauy's
The Earl of Abergavenny has generously engineer. The fineness of the weather, ad-
granted to the Overseers of Chailey, Sussex, ded to the importance of the occasion,
about 40 acres of waste land for cultivation, brought forth an immense concourse of
and to give employment to such of the poor spectators, who, by their repeated aceláma-
of that Parish as are destitute of other tions, seemed fully to appreciate the auspi-
work.
cious event. When we reflect on the great
Singular Fact. The lovers of natural utility of competition in the supply of that
history may find amusement in the follow. article of prime necessity, fuel, we cannot
ing article :-Mr. Gray, of Tower-street, too much applaud the spirited exertions of
Chichester, has at this time in his possess the projectors of this work, who have at
sion a bawk and a pigeon, both of which, length, succeeded against a strong and in-
for some monihs past, have been together terested opposition, in establishing a regular
in a small garden. From docimiliary treat- and ethicient communication, by which the
ment, their natural antipathies are quite ob- abundant progress of the Glocestershire
literated, and the pigeon is completely mas. mines may be conveyed to some of their
ter of his companion, which he never fails most natural Markets, the vales of Wilts and
to evince, if at any time the latter encroach Berks, and the populous districts on the
on his demesne.
banks of the Thames, in exchange for the
Married. At Seddlescomb, Mr. T. Tay- grain and commercial articles brought from
lor, of Cranbrook to Miss Ades-At Chin the Metropolis along that river.- We trust
chester, J. Newman, esq. to Eliza Frances the final success in cutting this little canal
Middleton.
is an earnest of that which will attend ano-
Died.) At Bognor, Robert Long, only ther important scheme, which, though it has
son of Mr. R. Long, of the Black Boy, in for sometime been dormant, is hy no means
the Soke, 26.-At Brighton, Wm. Throck- abandoned, and by which, if carried into
morton, esq. brother to Sir John Throck-. effect, the two great cities of London and
morton, bart.--At Hastings, Col. Herries, Bristol would no longer be dependent for
of the Light Horse Volunteers, London, 74. the interchange of their commerce on the
-At Patcham, Mrs. M. Hamshaw, 65. uncertain navigation of a river or the tedious
At Dartford, R. Wilkes, esq.
and expensive conveyance on a turnpike
WARWICKSHIRE.
road.
The inhabitants of Coventry have peti Births.] At Winslade, the Lady of the
tioned against the Bill for altering the Law Rev.-J. Orde, of a Son.-At East Knoyle,
of Settlement, on the ground that the alter- the Lady of Sir W. G. Parker, bart, of a
ation proposed will have the effect of bur- daughter.—The Lady of the Rev. E. Vin-
dening manufacturing places with a dispro- cent, of a son.
portionate number of poor. The city of Married.) C. Strealer, esq. of Headley,
Hereford is about to petition on the same to Mrs. E. Lane, widow.-At Salisbury, R.
subject.
Ricardo, esq, to Miss C. Lobb, of South-
Births.) At Warwick, the Lady of Peter ampton.
F. Laurd, M. D. of a daughter.—Mrs. C. Died.) At his seat, Earle Stoke Park,
G. Wynne, of a son.---At Broomsgrove, the Joshua Smith, esq. late Member for Devizes,
wife of J. Richardson, labourer, of four fine 86. -At Salisbury, Mary, widow of George
female children,
Yalden Fort, esq.-At West Harnham, John
Married.) At Leamington, Mr. Potterton, second son of Mr. Wm. Drew, of the Three
of Boughton, to Mrs. Smith, of the former Crowns, 25.–At Charlton, the Rev. Thos.
place.- At Birmingham, George Braithwait Howell.-- At Salisbury, Mr. H. Jeffrey,
Lloyd, Banker, to Mary, eldest daughter of chemist, 59.--Mr. W. Beake, of Castle
the late John Petty Dearman.--At Edgbas- Combe.-At Lacock, the Rev. H. Brindley,
ton, Mr. Timmins, to Miss Fanny Hunting- rector of Calloes.—The Rev. C. Tahourdin,
don.-Mr. G. Perry of Birmingham, to rector of Stoke Charity.-The Lady of Dr.
Miss Jane Moreton, of Wolverhampton. Makie, of Salisbury.The Rev. A. Stum- ,
Died.] At Birmingham, Mr. M. Harold. phausen.- At Salisbury, Ann, wife of the
-At Birmingham, Mr.J. Watson, surgeon, Rev. J. A. Good.--Mr. J. Maslin or Chi-
66.-At Birmingham, Mr. J. Heelly, 69. senbury,


1819.]
Worcester-York-Wales.
383
WORCESTEHIRE.
B. Dalton, to Mrs. Shepherd - At Bingly, the
Amongst the petitions lately presented to Rev. A. Clarkson, to Miss E.C. Wilcock-
the House of Commons, is one rather of a At Rippon, Mr. J. Berry, to' Christiana
novel kind, viz. from the Labourers in Hus- Theakstone.
bandry, of the county of Worcester, praying Died.) At Leeds, Wm. Hey, esq.F.R.S.
" that some means might be adopted to en- 82-At Towler Mill, Mr. Cuthberi Colling,
able them to live by their labour, and thus 93--At Stokesley, Lieut. Thos. Dowell, R.N.
prevent their deriving their bread from the -At Hull, Mr. T. Moss, 21-At Ferriby,
almıs of the parish.”
i Mr.J. Watson, 61-At Swapland, near Hull,
Births.] At Upton Warren, the wife of Henry Sykes, esq. 19--- At Great Grimsby,
Joseph Richardson, of four ine girls. : Mr. T. Burton---A! Hull, Mr.J. Marshall
Married.] At Worcester, Archihald Ca- At Flamborough, Mr. Riley, 83–At Hull,
meron, esq. to Mary, youngest daughter of the infant son of J. W. Henley, esq.-At
the late W. H. Roberts, D.D.-Adonijah Walton, W. H. the youngest son of Mr. .
Harris, to Miss Mary Best, only daughter of Jackson-At Hull, Miss H. Bailey-At
J. Best, esq. of Kidderminster-Jas. Bourne, Would Newton, W. Coulson, esq.At Selby,
esq. of Tansley, Fla), to Mary Anne, third Mrs. Proctor, 97-At Hull, Mr. Oliver, 28
daughter of the late Rev. – Cartwright, -At Hull, Mrs. Skipworth.
vicar of Dudley---Thomas Turner Roberts,
WALES.
esg, of Horsham, to Jane, youngest daugh- The gentlemen, clergy, and inhabitants of
ter of the late Dr Cameron---At Blockley, Ruthin hare petittoned Parliament against
the Rev. Elisha Smith---At Popple, R. Lu- the erection of a bridge at Conway, stating
cas, esq. to Miss Small---At Worcester, Mr. that the cost will be 200,0001.; and that one-
G. Shefield, to Miss Anne Price.
tenth of that sum would complete a better
Died | At Worcester, the Rev, Samuel communication by another route.
Oldnolls, A.M.-At Blyth Hall, Mrs. Dug Births.] The lady of Thos. Jones, esq. of
dale, 85~Mr. William Coates, late organist Plas Grona, near Wrexham, of a son- At
of Stourport-At Bewdly, Elizabeth, daugh- Madrim vicarage, Carmarthenshire, the lady
ter of the late T. Sheward, esq.--At Mac- of the Rev. J Jenkins, of a son.
clesfield, Mrs. Lomas-At Kenwick, near Married.) At Builth, Mr. J. Palmer, to
Worcester, Mrs. Storer, 38.
Margaret Ann, only daughter of Mr. J.
YORKSHIRE.
Jones, of Builth-Lewis Jones, esq. of Ynis-
As Mr. Otley, steward to J, Wharton, esq. y-borde, near Llandovery, to Miss Sarah
of Skelton Castle, was walking over part of Jones, of Llan-y-Crwys, Carmarthenshire
the estate yesterday se'nnight, he was greatly Mr. David Lewis, master of the ship George,
surprised by sceing a covey of young par to Anu, eldest daughter of the late Capt. T.
tridges, which might, from appearances, Ellis. of Aberlovey-T. Lloyd, esq). of Coed.
have been hatched three or four days.
. more, to Charlotte, youngest daughter of the
From all parts abroad we hear of markets late Capt. Langcroft. R. N.--Mr. T. H.
being overstocked with English goods. Me- Jones, fifth son of the late H. Jones, esq. of
lancholy news from Leeds of the state of the Llynon, Anglesea, to Elizabeth, third daugh-
woollen trade : the first Tuesday of the ter of the late T. Nichlas, esq. of Trenorth,
month is usually the great day of business Cornwall-At Wrexham, J. Willan, esq. to
there, and on which so many as 20,000 Miss Seraphina Jones---At Llanvigon, near
pieces have been sold---last Tuesday only Brecon, Mr. D. Lewis, of Penhow, Mon-
seventy were disposed of! Numbers of mouthshire, to Sarah, only daughter of the
workmen are idle, and the little masters Rev. Mr. Thomas, of Pantillefrith, Brecon-
equally distressed.
shire-At Lanthawdr, the Rev. G. Jones, to
Emigration. One of the largest factories Miss S. Norris--H. Owen, esq. of Machin-
in Yorkshire, situated at Leeds, erected by lleth, to Miss Davies, of Cemnnes, Montgo-
Messrs. Clayton and Gorside, at the expense meryshire---At Wrexham, J. Willeen, esq.
of 60,0001 for the manufacture of fax, can- to Miss S. Jones.
vas linen. &c. has been closed, and several Died.) At Glanwilly, Jeremiah Price, esq.
hundreds of hands in consequence turned
---Mr. John Littlewood, of Alyn wire-works,
ont of employment. It is said to be the in- near Wrexham, 76---Lewis Lloyd Williams,
tention of the late proprietor. Mr. Gorside of Havodwyd, Carnarvonshire, 55---Mrs. A.
to remove to the United States, where, in the Rogers, relict of L. Rogers, esq. Jate of
vicinity of New York, he intends carrying Gelly, Cardiganshire---At Kidwelly, Car-
on similar manufactures, on an extensive marthenshire, J. Thomas, esq----At Aber-
scale.
dovey, Merionethshire, Mrs. Morris---At
Births.) At Heaslewood, Mrs Pease, the Cam-yr-Alyn, Denbighshire, John Jones
lady of J. R. Pease, esq. of a son and heir Golborne, esq. 44.- At HaverfordwestCapt,
At York, Mrs. Milner, of a daughter. Edward Crun, R. N.,--At Swansea, David
Married.) At Ting, near Leeds, the Rev. Davies, esq.---At Cardiff, Margaret, widow
P. Robinson, A.M.of Dudley, to Miss Har- of R. Hill, esq.---At Holywell, Mrs. Wiatle,
riet Maynard-At Holl. Mr. William Atkin- widow of the Rev. T. Wintle, rector of
son, to Miss Mary Denton-At Beverly, Mr. Brightwell--- At Wrexham, Mrs. Harrisona.


THE
NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
No. 65.] - JUNE 1, 1819.
[Vol. XI.
-
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS.
WAO WAS JUNIUS?
pretensions, and, if we are to believe the
THERE is a disposition in most men writers, with such indubitable documents
to be extremely inquisitive about things of eridence as must put the point at is-
over which art has cunningly contrived sue for ever at rest. And yet after all
to throw a veil of obscurity. Were the that has been hitherto adduced, it is plain
objects of this curiosity completely and the question remains undecided, and that
satisfactorily developed, they would cease the public mind is still unsatisfied as to
to attract notice, and, in all probability, the real author of the far famed letters,
the interest which they at first occasion, which for a considerable period disturbed
would sink into utter contempt. What the government and insulted the throne.
is mysterious generates wonder, and That among the numerous persons whose
hence a consequence is attached to questo names have been mentioned to identify
ions in themselves trifling and not worth JUNIUS, there are some whose talents
the labour of enquiry. If the riddle re- qualified them for the composition of the
mains long unsolved, the lapse of years letters, and who had ample means of
serves but to increase its importance, and gaining all the information necessary to
the ill fortune of former conjecturers only the carrying on such an extensive system
acts as a stimulant to spur other adven- of hostility against public men, cannot be
turers into the field. Thus, at length, doubted. But this will apply equally to
the commonwealth of learning is disturb- many persons, and even if one alone pos-
ed by clamorous disputants, each claim- sessed the powers and opportunities re-
ing the merit of having, through his per- quisite for the purpose, the conclusion
severance and sagacity alone, found out would not be decisive that he must there:
a secret that had hitherto eluded all re- fore have been JUNIUS, unless it can be
search. To men of this spirit, it matters shewn that no other man at that time had
little, whether the subject which engages similar advantages. Neither is it suffi-
their thoughts be good or bad; they en- cient to produce in addition to these
ter upon the pursuit only to have the points a comparison of hand writing and
glory of succeeding where others have of style, since in regard to the former
failed, and if their own vanity be gra- there cannot possibly be, any certainty,
tified, which is generally the case, the and as to the latter, there is no such dis-
objections raised against their opinions tinctive peculiarity in Junius as to war-
sbrink into nothing. All this, however, rant the peremptory ascription of his let.
would be harmless enough, were it not ters to any one writer of that period more
that these busy triflers generally become than another. These tests, therefore,
partizans, and betray in their anxious- are merely. fallacious when taken by
ness for discovery the zeal of Apologists. themselves, though, no douht, they may
Of the truth of this assertion, a stronger have their subordinate weight of authority
instance cannot be adduced, than what when other criteria of a inore determinate
has occurred ever since the question was character are tried and found to argwer.
first started - " WHO WAS JUNIUS?" The tirst thing that strikes the di ras.
This enquiry has subsisted, with more sionate reader of JUNJUS, is th virulent
or less eagerness and impatience, for the malignity which runs through the whole
space of half a century ; nor is it likely to of his correspondence. His attacks are
become suspended for half a century to conducted without the slightest regard to
come, unless some more lucky knight moral feeling, and when convicted of a
than any that has yet pricked forth in falsehood, he shelters himself under a so-
the chace, shall hunt down the boar of phism and renews the assault with taunt
the forest, to use the language of Lord and irony. From hence it is pain, ti at
North, and carry off his head as a proof he was not a norice in popular writi g,
of his victory.
but one who had profited by the expre
Instead of losing its interest, the subject rience which he possessed, as a vitnes of
seems to freshen with time, and almost the “ great Walpolean wars," to use liis
* .. every week brings forth a disquisition, in own remarkable phraseology. This f ct
which either old claims are revived with will so far ascertain hi: age, as to set
additional arguinents, or some new can- aside many of those who have been set
• didate is brought forward with strong up of late for the real JUNIUS; since to
New MONTHLY MAQ.-No. 65. Vol. XI.
3D


1819.)
387
The Modern Standard nf Genius,
discovery would be fatal to his object. THE MODERN STANDARD OF GENIUS.
But Junius, as hath already been hinted, MR, EDITOR,
was leagued with no party, and, though. AMONGST all the illuminations of
soured by disappointment, his own pro the present enlightened period of the
spects of preferment were terminated, human race, after the attempts to settle
otherwise he would not hare taken the the true standard of taste-the criteria
desperate resolution of insulting his of the moral sense--and the certain ex-
king. Yet he must have had an object tent of philosophical truth---it has cost
when he began this career, and that ob- me no small effort, by observation and
ject certainly continued to animate him reflection, to fix the standard of literary
through the whole course of it, for his genius: for this purpose, and in order
conduct was unifarm, and his enmity re- to move as gravely as possible, in so ac-
mained unabated to the last. Still no tive a vortex of rotatory vicissitude, I
one could divine what the ultimate design had recourse to a few writers whose de
of this energetic writer was, nor indeed finitions of the term might lead me to
was it possible at that time to form any select a fixed principle, on which, like
other idea of him than that he was one Archimedes, I might place one point of
of those turbulent spirits who risc up in my compass, and turn with the other
unquiet times to distract the measures of the whole of this moving sphere my own
government by inflaming the public mind way; but here I have to confess my dis-
against them.
appointment; for the definitions of phia
JUNIUs is better known by his en- losophers and lexicographers, when I
mities than his attachments; in the come to compare them with modern
former he is open, bold, and unap- realities, were so widely apart from the
peaseable; in the latter he is cold, equivo- facts, that I was compelled to conduct
cal, and fluctuating. His supreme de them back to their chambers of dusty
light appears to hare lain in creating lucubration, as unfit for modern service
confusion, weakening the bonds of so- as any of the wiscst precepts of divinity
ciety, and making the people dissatisfied, and inorality. Beattie, full of genius
not merely with this or that administra- and learning himself, and willing to give
tion, but with the entire regimen under the question all the power of candour
which they lived. The object of JUNIUS, and moral truth that it could carry, en-
therefore, was a revolution, and upon no quires “What is genius? What but
other principle can his conduct be ac- sound judgment, sensibility of heart, and
counted for; consequently all the distinº a talent for accurate and extensive ob.
guished writers, who have been imper- servation.” (p. 136 Truth.) Dr John-
tinently mentioned as the authors of son more reconditely defines it to be
these letters, must be exonerated from “the protecting and ruling power of
the charge ; and as to the inferior fry, men, places, or things, mental power or
with whom folly and pedantry have as- faculties, nature, disposition." I strong-
sociated the name of JUNIUS, it would be ly suspect that the latter inay be found
a waste of time to bestow one word the most acute definition, though it does
upon their respective merits or demerits. not arrive at the exact delineation of
It is plain from the criteria here laid man at this day, in this the most refined
down, and others which may hereafter metropolis of the world!
be adduced, that JUNIUS was a man of ex- In order to seek for a more modern
perience, hackneyed in the ways of the account of the matter I looked into the
world, and passed the meridian of life: last Number of your New Monthly
that he was skilled in political contro- Magazine, where, as I had good cause
versy ; habituated to the periodical press; to expect, I found in several ingenious
living at his ease without any profes- papers, materials for helping me to a
sional occupation; possessing great self- tolerable judgment of the question ; al-
command ; unconnected with party ; yet though I found it necessary afterwards
disappointed in some particular object to go abroad into the world, and to exa-
which produced a deadly enmity to indi- mine “whether these things are so ?"
viduals; a staunch republican ; one who And upon the best combinations which
was neither a member of the established could be formed upon these materials,
church, nor a friend to revealed religion; I submit to your superior judgment the
and to conclude all, a person who sought, following hints, to serve for a standard
for some particular end, to effect a rero- of modern genius:
lution in this country. By these tests To avoid the pleddling and dull round
alone can the question be satisfactorily of all moral reflection-all system that
solved,
WHO WAS JUNICS?' discovers connection between cause and


388.
(June 1,
.
Lord Byron's Travels in Greece.
effect, reason and conclusion, to seek the celebrated motto “ veluti in specu-
for and cultivate eccentricity of thought, lum." The scene has not, would to God
abrupt expression, elevation of feeling, it had, represented one similitude to real
the softened sigh of sympathy, and the life-one principle on which the world
start of animated passion. To learn may act with safety-one emotion such
that genius cannot exist or emanate as he would cherish at home-one enjoy-
under the dominion or restraint of any ment of present existence-or one hope
moral principle, and especially of any of future !-Yet, alas! it is by such ef.
command of religion, the influence of forts of genius that the world are poison-
such are of so powerful and convincing ed-it is for these that they leave the
a control, that they must be carefully nobler studies of their capacity-and of
shunned if they should ever obtrude. these their conversation is absorbed, and
To awaken the reader's imagination, their reflections possessed. Hence it is,
not by the work out axiom of shewing a that for such productions thousands
sound moral in every tale, but by the far of pounds are offered for copy-right-
more attractive stimulus of emotion, applications are made with solicitation
which shall so alarm the mind, and agi- to obtain the first reading-eagerness
tate every pulsation of the heart, that for the gratification and vanity of detail-
it may not have time to consider whe- ing the contents, and reciting to sur-
ther it is annended by what has been rounding senators, divines, and all the
read or represented to describe facts crowded votaries of the concert and the
by terms not usually found in the con. drawing room, the passages of most pro-
binations of literature, but by the use of minent interest and pathos. Alas! Sir,
words never intended to be joined in the it is for these transient emotions, that
same course of phrascology-to seek for the wisest moralists, the most pathetic
Nature, not in her calmer and once poets, the soundest divines of the Chris-
deemed most engaging representations, tian church, and the ablest writers on
the beauties and exhaustless providences subjects the most important to our vital
of her vegetable, mineral, and fossil interests, as a nation, and as individuals,
kingdoms, her planetary system, her are suffered to languish as if they were
changes of uninterrupted seasons, and devoid of truth and welfare, present and
the revolutions of unsparing bounty, eternal.
A. H.
thus “ tracing nature up to nature's
God." These are not sufficient for the
radiance and effervescence of modern
LORD BYRON'S TRAVELS IN GREECE.
genius, and are now deserted for the
TO the name of Lord Byron so much
periods, points, and tropes, that spring importance is attached, and his splendid
from the bursting pang of imaginary abilities have rendered him so dear to his
despair-from the chains and darkness country, that the most trifling anecdote
of the sanguinary scaffold- from the of his private life is sure to create public
satanic eruption of infidelity, and the admiration. I had the good fortune to
vain glorious gallantry of seduction !- follow his footsteps through many of
These are the modern sources of genius;
the Grecian islands, to Athens, and
here may bc found the awful note of ad Misitra, the ancient Sparta, and from
miration-the sudden abruption-the thence to Port Mahon, in the island of
short half-breathing pause--the vivid Minorca ; in every place I found his
inspiration of the cold thrill-the accom- Lordship's name well known, and uni-
paniments of glassy eyes and short versally respected, and so many anec-
phrases of secret and solemn denuncia-
dotes of his benevolence and eccentri-
tion-the midnight clang of chains - cities recorded, that I feel assured I
the glimmering torches of the cavern should be doing injustice to my country.
and dexterously slow withdrawing bolts men by withholding what I know of a
- the expiring lamp, and the unseen wandering poet, who is an honour to the
point of the silent assassin's dagger!- nation, and the FIRST BARD OF THE
From these, when the half destroyed Age, and in whose sufferings every one
reader is suffered to escape. he is not to sympathises. It appears to us, that
be allowed to seek for object, end, or Lord Byron had come from Abydos to
circunstance, or moral of his dreamı;
TENEDOS,
but is left by stars and dashes to wander where he remained until the arrira
“in bewildered mazes lost !"
of his pleasure vessel from this is-
Here, Sir, is the standard of modern land. He made frequent excursions
genius-here when the curtain falls, the to the Continent, and here, I have
spectator and the reader in vain look for no doubt, he wrote The Bride of


1819.}
389.
Lord Byron's Travels in Greece.
Abydos. At the time I visited the island, give historical disquisitions, and I have
every thing was in a deplorable state; dune.
the Russians had ravaged the place, the All around this ruined Temple, tall
vineyards were destroyed, and all was trees ware majestically in the breeze,
desolation. The house in which Lord and upon the left a gentle cascade
Byron resided was razed to the ground; descends in murmurs to the valley below,
it stood facing the Hellespont, and had and a small lake studded with little ver-
a full view of the entrance to the sea of dant islands, the daily resort of fisher-
Marmoru, the castles and shores of the men, receives its waters. The prospect
Dardanelles : but I could not discover is pleasing, though not grand, calculated
any trace of the wandering poet; all to inspire the mind with tranquillity
was lost in the devastation occasioned by and peace :-
war. The felucca of Lord Byron had
Within the ruin heedless of the dead, '
arrived, and on a sudden he embarked
The shelter-seeking peasant builds him
and sailed for
shed,
THE ISLAND OP scio.
And wondering man could want the larger
At Scio, the landing of his Lordship
pile,
was hailed with joy by the natives, as Exulting owns his cottage with a smile. ."
he had been there before, and was well
known; the felucca was brought to
Beneath the stately ruins of the Tem-
anchor under the high hill of Delgath, ple
sh ple of Apollo, on the hill of Supriano,
and Lord Byron proceeded up the island in the island of Scio, is reared a small cot."
on the high mountain of Sopriano, which tage, by materials torn from the stately
overlooks every other on the island, and
ruins which surround it; in this cottage
from the summits of which, the eye
there are only four apartments, and
commands a most enchanting prospect
these very small ; in two of them Lord
of nearly 50 small islands, the distant con-
Byron took up his abode, with his fair
tinent and a placid ocean. Here stands the
companion. 'Tis a singular fact that
ruins of a Temple, believed to have been
his Lordship never visited the capital
dedicated to Apollo; there are twelve
once during a three months' residence
massy pillars, about forty feet in height,
upon the island; nor can I eren guess at
supporting a roof, through which the
his reasons for not doing so, as the
light is visible in many parts. I am no
me town is an interesting object to every
architect, nor have I a genius which
which one versed in the lore of Greece. He
0
tends that way; but I certainly have
rambled round the island to every clas-
some general knowledge of the different sical scene, and very frequently slept at
orders, or I should bave travelled with
the peasant's cottages, where he was
a brainless head and a blinded eye, over
sure to be well received. There is a
scenes calculated to awaken every gene-
something about the manner and ap-
rous feeling of the heart, and which only
pearance of Lord Byron, that bespeaks
insanity could look apon with in-
sympathy; the melancholy tinge that
difference. I therefore give it as my
he bears upon his check- the faded
opinion, that the Temple of which I
lustre of his eye, and his affable address
am now speaking is not of Greciani
always find him friends; which his
Architecture.
" liberality is sure to fix in his favour. His
In the reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus,
Lordship was very partial to water ex-
Scio was conquered and ravaged by a
cursions; and here he bought a boat,
fleet from Egypt, under the command
i with one sail, and in which he often
of Johannes Sextus; his account of the
went fishing, taking an old man witha
island was so favourable, that he was
him to conduct the sail and steer the
sent back with perhaps four hundred
boat ; his favoured fair Berinthia, al.
men, women, and children to colonise it,
ways accompanied him, and was very
and cultivate the manufacture of silk and expert at fishing. In various rambles
cotton, for which it is now so celebrated.
round the island, they diffused their
These Egyptians, I have no doubt, reared
bounty to many ; to one, a farmer, who
the Temple of Apollo, but to a very
had lost a horse and cart in crossing the
different divinity ; I should think to
stream of Carrerio, they gave ten ze.
Osiris, from the embellishments still re-
chines or five guineas, and to a woman
maining upon the pilasters, and the
that had afforded Berinthia assistance in
resemblance the cornices bear to those
an hour of danger, Lord Byron gave
upon the Temple of Apis, in Upper
three moidores, that is four pounds and
Egypt. However, my purpose is not to be
to one shilling.


390
(June 1,
Lord Byron's Travels in Greece.
An aged Greek woman, residing at a soon took a lowering aspect, and some
place called Epheseus, and where she danger accompanied the voyage of iny
Occupied a small vineyard and two fields, lord. Berinthia sickened; but the ten-
had been distrained for rent. The der care of his lordship restored her to
Turkish collector (Albana) had no mercy; health. The gale abated: the vessel
he seized her goods and put them up for anchored in Sanchez Bay; and in a few
sale. Lord Byron bought them, and hours they landed upon the isle of MitF-
restored them to the widow, to the utter lene. This island was a favourite of
astonishment of the Turks, who cannot Lord Byron from his early tratelling
comprehend an act of generosity, uncon- days.
nected with self interest.
How far peace and happiness extended
The school erected for Grecian scho- to Lord Byron, upon the favourite is.
lars at Scio, Lord Byron refused to land, I leave the world to judge. Tbe
visit; but a deputation of the master wearied mind seldom finds repose any
and scholars he received politely. To where, and even upon a female breast,
the scholars he gave twenty praas (or a indulges in sad melancholy, in place of
shilling each), to the master fifty pounds rapturous love. Joy and grief travel
for the use of the school, and a robe hand in hand- they are concomitants;
for himself of velvet and satin.-- In and, I fear, we must consider them as in-
the Grecian isles, and every part be- separable companions in our journer
neath the Turkish power, the present of through life.
a robe is the highest compliment which One morning Lord Byron arranged
can be paid to any individual.
matters to go fishing, and in a large boat
The departure of Lord Byron from he sailed for the purpose, accompanied
Scio was marked by an act of benevo- by his fair friend, who was very fond of
lence. His lordship presented the boat the sport. After fishing for three hours
which he had purchased to the fisher- off the point Gobriano, a severe rale
man who had accompanied him in his of wind came on, direct upon the land; :
nautical excursions, and also gave him the nets were abandoned, and the
ten pounds. Berinthia also gave his sails hoisted, it was found impossible
niece, a girl of fourteen years of age, a to weather the cape; no alternative re.
handsome present, as she had attended mained, but to bear up and run into the
her since her arrival upon the island. long bleak bay of Alicarno, where there
Lord Byron had, during his residence is no anchorage for shipping, and no
upon the island, explored every creek and safety for boats, except in the north
eorner it contained. The cave, entitled east corner. The sea rose in heaps ;
Homer's School, he visited. Scio, Mity- and in endeavouring to luff into the
lene, and Valparos, all claim the honour cove, a most dreadful surge broke orer;
of giving birth to Homer, and affect to the boat did not overturn, but reeled
shew caves, which they call his school. upon her broadside, and, melancholy to
Now, although Homer was a poet and relate, it boy was swept from the pror,
a wandering minstrel, history gives us and Berinthia from the stern of the
no authority for supposing he ever kept boat. The sails were lowered, the boat
a school : nerertheless, in Scio, Lord almost instantly righted, and his lord-
Byron gave to the keeper of the cave a ship, plunging into the waves, seized his
Greek Testament and some money; but fair friend by the hair, as she was sink-
this does not establish any opinion of ing, and swam with her to the boat,
his lordship as to the actual residence where she rery soon recovered. Bra
of Homer in Scio. The departure of fortunate change of wind the boat got
Lord Byron from Scio was marked by into the cove, and they landed in safett,
much regret on the part of the Gre to the great joy of the inhabitants, who
cians, to whom he had been a sincere had witnessed their danger from the
friend; and even the Turks seemed to cliffs, and never expected to see them,
lament his departure. His felucca ar again alive. After this, his lordship
rived at Point Soinbro, and Captain never adventured on the stormy deep
Hutchison attended him with his friend in an open boat, from the island of Mitr.
on board. The Turks, by an extraor- lene-not, I am sure, from any personal
dinary exertion of gallantry, fired a fear, but as Berinthia would not accon-
salute of four guns from the castle, which pany him, he preferred the pleasure of
Lord Byron returned by eight, as he her company on shore. It is impossible
left the harbour of Scio, and made a to conceive a sweeter scene for ramb-
visit to the island of Mitylene.
ling, than through the vine-covered hills
The day was calm, but the atmosphere of this delightful island.


1819.]
Lord Byron's Travels in Greece.
391
The imagination may picture scenes The character of Lord Byron, in the
upon the tablet of fancy, and embody island of Cos, was, as usual, very bene-
them so that they cannot be shaken off volent; and if I detailed the many cir.
the mind; but in Mitylene there is no cumstances I know of him, it would ac-
reason to resort to the power of fancy, cupy me many pages to expatiate upon.
for all is life and magic around; the The name of Lord Byron requires no
wood-covered hill, the descending valley, praise, and wherever the footsteps of
perfumed by every flower that blows, his lor.Iship have passed, he has left an
and the stream rolling in tranquillity impression never to be effaced. Lord
around the temples erected in distant Byron slept always on board of his
ages, and lashing the shores immortalized yacht, no convenient place being to
by Homer- these create a very great at- be had upon the island. To those who
traction, and rivet the soul to a classical have visited Greece the commanding
scene.
prospect from Villa de Torneo must be
From every information I could ac- very desirable; but at Corso Point, to
quire Lord Byron appears to bave been which Lord Byron removed his pleasure
extremely attached to the island of Mity vessel, his lordship was attacked by a
lene, but the death of an infant found- painful disorder, and obliged to be land.
ed his determination to depart from it. ed, and the air did not very much contri-
He has been said to have shed tears upon bute to his health. By the attention of
the occasion. I am inclined to think he his fair friend, he gradually recovered ;
did, for I know his heart is good, and very and after dispensing his usual bounties,
tender. The proofs of his humanity are much more than the natives merited, his
great. His lordship visited no island lordship departed, and arrived in safety
upon which he did not leave some marks at
of his goodness. To the Greek church
ATHENS.
at Mitylene he gave forty pounds British; The attention, I was told, of his lord-
to the hospital he gave sixty pounds; and ship at Athens, was chiefly directed to
in private charity, I am told, distributed literary subjects; and in this cele.
more than three hundred zechines. I brated spot Lord Byron took up his
am po advocate for the name, or charac- abode, and there spent much of his
ter of Lord Byron ; his fame or his dis tine in writing, and never walked
honour can be of no importance to me, out until the sun was down, nor re-
any further than in a national point of turned home until near midnight. -
view. I consider him a distinguished Here, no doubt, he traced many of the
ornament in the annals of literature; scenes in “ Childe Harold," destined to
and as he has been much depreciated, render his name immortal. From the
and very unjustly, I wish to add my account I heard, his lordship seems at
humble 'mite of praise to that character this place to have been impressed with
which no Briton cin view in its proper deep melancholy. “ Polycarp," at whose
light without esteeming.
house he resided, related many circum-
The sun shone sweetly over the Egean stances of him, but which I do not
pain, and all nature smiled around feel warranted in repeating. “ As cun-
when Lord Byron left Mitylene. The ning as a Greek,” is a very old and true
soft eastern breeze soon wafted him to saying, and from our eager anxiety I
cos.
feared he meant to impose upon us, but
Upon this small island there was no I have since had reason to alter my opi-
shelter, the cottages were not fit to hold nion. As a coffee-house-keeper he bears
their inhabitants, and not sufficiently an exemplary character, and it is general-
capacious to give admittance to a stran- ly no small recommendation to his good
ger ; but there was a friendly propen- name, that the unfortunate T'weddell
sity in the natives worthy of attending chose liim for his guide through Athens.
to, and his lordship availed himself of He shewed us a book, upon the leaves of
it. There are not many trees in the is- which were inscribed numerous names,
land of Cos, but many extended and succeeded with recommendations of him
beautiful vineyards, and the highest tree and his house to future travellers. This
upon it is that which bears figs. On the book I did not see until a second visit to
top of the hill called Junonia are the Athens. Amongst the names I observed
ruids of a small temple, three pillars Lord ELGIN, Mr. Salt, Mr. TWEDDELL,
alone are standing, and all the remainder Lord Byron, Count MONYELIO, Mon-
is a wreck. Over the sweet scenery of sieur Tallien, &c. &c.
the island his lordsbip and Berinthia The accounts were interesting at the
ran with pleasure.
end of each name, particularly that of


392
(June 1,
Prophecy of the Appearance of Martin Luther.
Tweddell, who says, “ He is an ho. a variety of authors who have mention.
nest man, and an intelligent guide-l ed this circumstance; amongst these he
shall never live to do him a service, but I refers his reader to Schuhmach,* whose
recommend him to my countrymen who testimony on most occasions is entitled
may arrive at this much-neglected spot." to the fullest confidence : in the pre-
Lord Byron's name has simply pre sent instance however, they have all been
fixed to it-“ POLYCARP is an honest mistaken; for at the very moment when
man," which I conceive the strongest re. Luther first came to study at Eisenach,
commendation borne on his book. - (that is to say, in the year 1498,) Hilton
The name of “ Tallien," so notorious, was languishing in a prison, from which
appears odd to be affixed in such a place, the hand of death alone released him.
but I can account for its appearance in a From his earliest youth Hilton dis-
manner not very generally understood. tinguished himself by active prosecution
Buonaparte, from jealousy of his ta- of his studies and diligent meditation on
lents, or his natural turbulent disposi- the Holy Scriptures, as well as the works
tion, sent him to France from Egypt in of the Fathers of the Church, and a
disgrace. The vessel “ La Narcisse," in some report, the writings of the Wal-
which he embarked, was chased and denses. By means of his deep read-
driven on shore upon the island of Gozo ing and sedulous application, the advan-
near Candia (the ancient Crete) by the tages of which could scarcely be lost on
Briton sloop of war. From thence Tal- his discerning and reflecting mind, his
lien found his way to Athens, and over- eyes were opened to the errors of the
land to France
Romish doctrines. He opposed, and
It may be worth mentioning, in order then denounced them; nor could any
to gratify natural curiosity, that this personal considerations deter him from
man, who once figured at the head of the vehemently arraigning the abuses of the
French Government, is now reduced to monastic life. It was in the nature of
such an abject state, that he holds the things that so powerful an assailant
situation of French Consul at the Spanish should become an object of bitter hatred
port of Corunna.
to his brotherhood, who attacked him
Lord Byron took many sketches of the with the greatest fury, and not only threw
ruins at Athens and its environs, and I him into prison in the year 1496, but
understand expressed his opinion that threatened to bury him alive unless he
the “ Elgin Marbles" were of a modern recanted. Having fallen sick during his
date. In this I coincide with his confinement, he besought the Father
lordship, and believe that, like the Guardian to visit him ; but all that the
“ Tuscan Vases” of Sir William Hamil- Holy Father administered to him was
ton, many of them were engraved, or in- contumely, upbraiding, and insective.
scribed by foreigners, to take in Milord Roused to indignation by this inhuman
Anglais.' The English frigate “ Fre- treatment, Hilton uttered the prophetic
derickstein," commanded by Captain warning contained in these memorable
Bedford, a name not unknown in the words: -"Anno. MDXVII. exsurget
walks of science, arrived, and anchored Heros, quivos monachos adorietur acri
near Athens. Lord Byron, by one of ter; contra quem ne hiscere quidem
those eccentricities which accompany audibetis." He did not live to witness
genius, declined an interview with Cap- the subsequent, plenary accomplishment
tain Bedford, and embarking his whole of this remarkable prophecy; for he died
suite in his felucca, sailed to the island of in the year 1502.
Salamis.
J. M. Christina, the widow of John Ernest,
Duke of Eisenach, erected a cenotaph to
REMARKABLE PROPHECY OF THE AP- his memory, in St. George's Church, at
PEARANCE AND CAREER OF MARTIN Eisenach ; it stands at no great distance
LUTHER.
from the spot where his last remains were
JOHN HILTON, the Franiscan monk, deposited, and is of common sand-stone,
who acquired as high a reputation for slightly ornamented with gilding, eight
piety and virtue, as he gained celebrity feet high, four feet nine inches broad.
by his extraordinary prophecies, was a and consists of two pieces of stone. The
native of the principality of Fulda, and outer projection of this monument bears
is said by some writers to have been one the following inscription": "Johcari
of Luther's preceptors at the schoolof the
Franciscans at Eisenach. Walcha* cites
# Vide his “ IVth Collection illustrative
of the His. of Saxony, and particularly of
• Luther's Schriften, (writings,) part Eisenach,” p_29.
xxiv. p. 67.
+ Toppü Hist. Eisenach, p. 29,


1819.) Prophecy of the Appearance of Martin Luther. 393
Hiltenio, monacho Franciscano, propter ters V.W. allude to Valentine Weinrich,
.confessionem Evangelicæ et refutationem rector of Eisenach, and the author of the
Pontificiæ Religionis a fratribus, Anno elegiac verses which distinguish the centre
MCCCCVI,in carcerem conjecto in eoque of the monument, and of which the fol
vita defuncto. Non cullus sed memoriæ lowing is a transcript :-
caussa F.F.V.W. antiq. stud." The let-
CENOTAPHIVM.
HILTENII PATRIS MONACHI, SIMUL ATQUE PROPHETAE,
NON PROCUL HOC RECUBANT OSSA SEPULTA LOCO,
QUI CUM voce DEI FRATRUM TAXARAT ABUSUS,
PECTORA CONTENDENS VIVERE JUSTA FIDE;
CARCERIS ENECTUS TANDEM SQUALORE FAMSQUE,
MoESTA PROPHETARUM PREMIA MORE TULIT.
SED PRIUS APPELLANS AD CHRISTI VOCE TRIBUNAL,
CUM PERAGENDA DEO JUDICE CAUSSA FOR ET,
* TEMPORA PRINCIPII CECINIT TVNC PLANA LVTUCRI,
SIGNAQUE SUPREMUM DANS PRAEITURA DIEM,
bvy ITALA REGNA STATIM VICTORI ET TEVTONA TURCA,
À cet i SVCCVBIT VRA, plls, VATICINATVS, Alt.
PRIMA QUOD EVENIT PRAEDICTIO VERA FATERIS,
*** ALTERA NE FIAT VERA, PRECARE Deum.
Underneath these verses, we read, bare-footed monk, by name Johannes
“Renovatun Av. clola CLXIX. Sum- Hilten, who was cast into a dungeon by
tibus J. M." 'And quite at the top, above his brethren, because he had attacked
them, “ Duv taticinia Johannis Hiltenii. some of the notorious abuses of the
Unúm. Anno Domini MDXVII. en- monastic life. We have ourselves seen
surget Heros, qui cos monachos ado- some of his writings, from which it
rietur acriter, contra quem ne hiscere appears abundantly manifest, that he
quidem audebilis. Alterum. Anno MDC. preached Christianly, and in conforinity
mundus verberabitur gladio mahometico with the Holy Scriptures. And those,
vehementer." It is desirable that some who knew him, report to this day, that
speedy repairs should be bestowed on he was a devout and peaceful tem-
this monument, for it has great need of pered old man, and upright as well as
them."
respectable in all his walks and ways.
• This same Hilten used frequently to This person prophesied many things re.
say, “Sub Leone erorietur Eremita, qui lating to these days, and foretold what
reformabit sedem Romanam ; which Lu- has already happened: together with
ther interprets by observing, that he some events, which are hereafter to come
began to write against indulgences under to pass ; but we shall not relate these
Leo the Tenth, and that in Italy the things in this place, lest any may imagine
*Augustine monks were known by the that we have brought thein forward either
name of “ Eremitæ."* Tenzel' has through malignity, or with intent to
recorded two other prophecies made by please any soul alive. Old age accom-
Hilten, and current in Rome; besides panied the ruin to his health, brought
which, he is said to have prognosticated about by his imprisonment; at last he
that the monastery of the Cordeliers in fell sick, prayed the guardian to come to
Weimar, (at present a granary,) should him, complained to him of his weak state;
be converted into a store-house, and that and when the guardian, stirred up by
of the Franciscans at Eisenach into a pharisaical matice and bitterness of heart,
garden.f He is also said, to have fore- assailed him with hard words, because such
told the end of the world. I
preaching as his was unsavoury, profitless
• Leaving these prophecies to their flavour, he gave over bewailing his bodily
peaceful slumber, we have further to infirmity, drew a deep sigh, and said
observe, that Luther himself, has ad- with a sorrowful mien, that he was ready
verted to them, and confirmed the ac- to submit to and endure such injustice
count we have just given of their pro for Christ's sake; although he had neither
pounder:-" Thirty years ago," he says, written nor taught any thing which could
“there lived in the city of Eisenach, a be hurtful to the Monkish Order ; but
had simply attacked crying abuses.' And
Toppii, Hist. Eisenach. p 29.
ne finished by observing, 'a man shall
+ Ibid. Lib. c. p. 29. It has so hap- come, when MDXVI comes round, who
pened that both these prophecies have been will overthrow you monks; and he will
literally fulfilled.
be the undoing of you, and ye shall not
1 Ibid. p 30.
be able to withstand him. This iden.
New MONTHLY Mag. -No. 65. Vol. XI. 3 E


394
[June 1,
Considerations on the Poor Laws.
tical prophecy," continues Luther, “ of than among actual overseers. In order
the overthrow of the Monkish Order, and to form just opinions on this subject it
the mention of the same year of its oc- requires an intimate acquaintance with
currence, was afterwards found in several common life, which profound philoso-
writings of his, and particularly in his phers seldom have opportunities of ac-
Commentaries on Daniel. As to the quiring. Although, undoubtedly, (speak-
interpretation which should be given to ing from my own experience more in.
this man's saying, we leave every one to structive than any other science) it must
judge for himself."
S. be allowed to be also of a painful and
repulsive nature, on account of the mi-
CONSIDERATIONS ON THE POOR LAW'S.
sery and destitution which continually
MR. EDITOR.
present themselves. From the know-
THE present prevailing sentiments of
ledge which a long course of actual ob-
most of our political economists, and
servation has enabled me to acquire of the
even of our legislators,+ with regard to
character and circumstances of the lower
the nature and tendency of our poor orders. I am led to conclude that our
laws, must, I think, be acknowledged by
poor laws, with all their imperfections,
every unprejudiced person, to be ex-
are on the whole well calculated to sup-
tremely inconsistent and absurd. While
ply their wants; and are the noblest
they confess that charity is the most in-
monument of humanity that ever was
dispensable duty of man, they at the
reared among men. When I reflect on
same time assert that it immediately be-
the great sums raised by them; on the
comes noxious when subjected to just
unceasing labours and anxious cares ex-
and equitable regulations. Bishop Bur-
ercised by the most respectable persons
net was, I imagine, the first who ad-
throughout the country, in their just dis-
vanced this opinion, in which he has been
tribution ; and on the immense variety
followed by Smith and Malthus. En-
of humane services by which they con-
couraged by these respectable names, tinually soften the misery of the desti-
and by several fallacious facts and argu-
tute, the diseased, and the aged; Eng-
ments, such a revolutionary spirit has of
land appears more elevated in my ima-
late sprung up amongst us, that there is
gination than by all the great actions of
some reason to fear that our whole sys-
tem of parochial charity will very soon
a Nelson and a Wellington. Many ig-
norant and savage nations have rendered
be rashly overturned. It is proper, how-
ever, to observe, that this innovating
themselves conspicuous by military ho-
g nours ; but how few have been ambi-
disposition is more frequently found
tious to shine by acts of pity ; or, in-
annong speculative overseers of the poor
deed, have thought of mingling with
* Apologia Confessionis rendered into their political institutions the least tinc-
German by Jones, Anno XXX, in the 3d ture of moral feeling. The interests and
part of the Alternburgh edition, p. 142. grandeur of the state have been almost
Compare also what Luther says in his book, the sole study of the most civilized na-
De Conciliis, in Opp. Altenb. T. 7, p. 273. tions, either of ancient or modern times.
The treatment which Hilten received from It is the peculiar glory of England, that
the bare-footed monks of Eisenach, is re- the helpless poor have at last become
lated in the Apologia.
prominent in the national picture, and
Heumaun maintains in his treatise, “ Im-
an object of important consideration in
mortalis Isenaci gloria,” that the real com-
mencement of the Reformation should be
its councils.
dated from the time of John Hilten. Vide
The usual arguments against the poor
Köhler I. c. p. 10. He may at least be laws are very forcibly and ably stated in
called the fore-runner of Luther. The the 58th Number of the Edinburgh Re-
works, which treat on his prophecies, are view, and in the contemporary number
cited in Fabricii “ Centifol Luther,' p. of the Quarterly ;* but I think with a
345.
degree of intemperate zeal and confi-
Hilten's Commentary on Daniel and the dence unsuitable to a subject so compli-
Revelation of St. John, may be cited as fine
specimens of his erudition.
* The writers of these celebrated publi-
A late Committee of the House of cations here cordially agree in the business
Commons seemed to be of opinion, that it of censure when unconnected with politics ;
would, on the whole, be advantageous alto- but were the subject only a little changed,
gether to abolish the poor laws: while that and the propriety of encouraging and sup-
of the House of Lords, more cautious, porting the system of imperial and royal
thought that it would be dangerous, at once, pauperty, usual in our continental wars, dis-
to tear from the foundation an evil so deep- cussed, their sentiments, it is likely, would
rooted.
be found to differ.


1819.)
Considerations on the Poor Laws.
395
cated, and susceptible of such various and and that an extensive, deliberate, and
opposite bearings. The Edinburgh Re just administration of charity, is, in all
viewers, in particular, are transported respects, preferable to the transient,
into a kind of frenzy at the view of the unequal, and accidental ebullition of indi-
supposed baneful effects of systematic vidual goodness, can hardly be denied by
alms-giving. Words are wanting to de- any who suffer themselves to be guided
scribe all its vast and various horrors. by the dictates of common sense rather
It is a contagion-a deadly mischief--a than the far-fetched theories of philo-
sore evil-a tremendous system, which sophy.
has brought us to the very brink of de- Although the reviewers exhaust the
struction. It is awful-alarming-appal- whole powers of language in describing
ling-dreadful, &c. I am unwilling to the supposed evils that flow froin our
swell your pages unnecessarily, but the poor laws, yet they make not the least at-
following passage is so extraordinary tempt to bring them to the test of proof.
that it cannot fail to amuse your readers: It is asserted, that by the great and ge-
the mind of the writer must, surely, one neral encouragement given to pauperism
would think, have been somewhat dis- the manners and virtues of the people
composed by the funies of enthusiasm. are debased. It is obvious, on the con-
“ It is the result of a natural process, trary, that they are more calculated to
that what a man earns is his own; and support their virtues ; for, by their in-
when legislation offers to tamper with terference, the relief of the unfortunate,
this great arrangement of Nature, as is becoming a matter of right, they are
the case in the English soor laws, vio- protected from the abject submission of
lated Nature could not inflict a more being obliged to beg from their equals a
signal and instructive chastisement, than morsel of bread. This last hypothesis
that the whole territory where this sys- is justified by facts: the common people
tem exists be made to droop and wither of England are noted throughout Eu-
under it, as if struck by a judgment from rope, not only for their bravery in the
heaven ; till, at last, the earth, out of field, but for the spirit and dignity of
which the rich draw all their wealth, and their general behaviour. It is thought,
the poor all their subsistence, refuses to that by perpetually taking from the rich
nourish the children who have abandon- and giving to the poor they tend to
ed her, and both parties are involved in equalise property. Far from observing
the wreck of one common overwhelming any symptoms of such consequences, it
visitation."-p. 235. These sublime rar- may justly be remarked, that in no age
ings remind me of the insane philosophy or country have there occurred so many
of Godwin and Condorcet; and appear instances of enormous fortunes acquired
more “ alarming” and “appalling" than by individuals as of late years in Eng-
even the French republican theory of land. Our poor laws possess still greater
the rights of man. Legislation, as every powers of mischief-that of reducing all
one knows, tampers with a man's earn- ranks to absolute poverty. It is truly
ings, and very properly too, for much surprising that both the Quarterly and
less important purposes than those of Edinburgh Reviewers unite in the ridi-
alleviating human miserv. Compulsory culous assertion, that“ they have brought
charity is farther stigmatised as “ an at- us to the very brink of ruin.” The in-
tempt to wrest from ibe hands of Nature crease of charity, whether public or pri-
the management of a casc, for which, byvate, always present to my mind cheer-
certain principles implanted in the con- ing reflections; and I consider it as the
stitution of man, she has already pro- surest test of progressive wealth, civili-
argument, and suffer human conduct to during these last thirty years, when the
be regulated by instinctive feelings of poor rates were at the highest, England
right and wrong, we would soon get rid has accumulated more than double the
of all laws. Nature has provided a cer- wealth she had ever formerly done during
tain principle called conscience, yet we the same period. Querulous and nar-
need laws against theft. To leave any row-minded politicians will tell us of the
part of human conduct “ wholly to the national debt; but they ought to reflect
mechanism of Nature" to “ free un- that the money of which it consists was
shackled Nature,” is wild and inconsi- had chiefly of British subjeots, therefore
derate advice. There is no subject either will remain in the country, and actually
in morals or physics, under our control, constitutes a great part of its riches. It
but is susceptible, in some degree, of is, indeed, a positive proof of our amaz-
being improved, corrected, or regulated: ing prosperity: a century ago so large a


396
(June 1,
Considerations on the Poor Laws.
sum as five hundred millions could hardly a principle of action, is spurned at with
have been borrowed from the superflu- contempt; to the meanest person it pre-
ous wealth of all Europe in the space of sents no charms; and, assuredly, it never
twenty years; which, as is well known, entered into the future plans of any man
lately occurred in England alone. Much as his destined fortune and inheritance.
unnecessary zeal and profusion of dis- It is only when too late, when industri-
course is expended by the Edinburgh ous habits cannot be acquired, that this
Reviewers, it attempting to prove that humiliating idea forces itself on the mind
assessed charity has a tendency “ to en- already butfeted and tamed by adversity.
feeble, if not wholly to suppress, the To every one capable of reflection the
operation of the humane principle.” A prospect of receiving public alms, instead
notion altogether crude and theoretical, of being an encouragement must rather
and also coinpletely at variance with operate as a check to extravagance.
fact. In England, where assessed cha- The English mode of parish relief
rity is carried to the greatest extent, the appears indeed to me, to possess peculiar
humane principle flourishes with greater advantages ; for, while on the one hand
vigour than among any people; and, in- it does not subject the unfortunate sup
decd, has increased with the increase of plicant to such a degree of debasement
the poor rates.
as that of creeping and trembling before
But the chief argument which our re- the capricious inclinations of a friend or
viewers, and indeed all who have treated neighbour; on the other hand, its notori-
the subject, urge against parochial cha- ousness is calculated to make a deeper
rity, is, that it relaxes the natural incite impression on the mind when viewed in
ments to industry and foresight. Trust- prospect. The dismal well-known sounds
ing to this resource, the common people of Overseers, Workhouses, and formal
are supposed to dissipate their income in public applications present more terrifie
luxuries; reflecting, that as the parish images than the mere general idea of
is bound to support them, they may eat, poverty; and, instead of relaxing, is, I
drink, and be merry, and banish from hare no doubt, a spur to industrious er-
their minds the gloomy ideas of disease, ertions. This opinion, novel as it may
want, and old age. Although this argu- seem, receives considerable countenance
ment sounds well, yet when fairly exa- from facts. In England small sums are
mined it will be found completely con oftener accumulated by the working
tradictory to the most obvious predo classes, saving banks, and benefit societies
minant principles in human nature, and more eagerly sought after, as a pro-
also to an actual observation of luman tection against pauperism, than even in
actions. Very little reasoning, of any Scotland, the inhabitants of which are
kind, about distant affairs takes place so much noted for their provident care.*
among the vulgar, but none surely were That pauperty is never a matter of
ever found tilled with such a degree of previous deliberate choice, as insinuated
speculative anxiety as to hesitate about by the Reviewers, but almost of neces-
gratifying their appetites before first sity, will be more apparent from a review
settling whether theinselves or the pa- of the real history of the paupers, Ac-
r'ish were to supply their future wants. cording to the best of my observation,
When they indulge in excesses the un- the half consists of forlorn females, whose
pleasant idea of future want is nerer provision was always very small and
811ffered, in any shape, to intrude itself; precarious, and of unfortunate married
their minds are wholly occupied by the persons and their destitute offspring,
desire of present enjoyments. As man- whose weekly income was under twenty
kind are not accustoined, nor, indeed, shillings; all of whom instead of being
are capable of drawing their common able to lay in store for the day of adrer-
maxims of life from distant speculations, sity, could never well procure the bare
so also it ought in justice to be remarked, necessaries of life. A fourth were both
that, of all subjects, those about becom-
ing an object of charity are least the
* The chief cause of the remarkable in
wish of their hearts. Such an idea is frequency of pauperism among the Scotch is
most ancongenial to human nature ; and
their extremely plain manner of living; 08
we need not hesitate in asserting, that
which account, a very little exertion on the
part of the feeble or the aged, or a trifling
no man ever squandered his money in assistance from their friends, will suffice for
the consolatory expectation of one day their support. But shameful instances d
becoming a pauper. In the days of neglected destitution are often seen among
health, of youth, and of manhood, such them; several of which I myself have wito
a thought, instead of being cherished as nessed,


1819.)
397
Considerations on the Poor Laws.
able and willing to provide for their effects of our extensive and seasonable
future wants, but by unavoidable mis attentions to the aged, diseased, and des-
fortunes were reduced to a state of desti. titute poor, and ought for ever to silence
tution. The remaining fourth are equally our clamors about the magnitude of the
excusable ; they consist of weak, incon- poor rates.
siderate persons, whose misfortunes have From 1785 to 1789 died 1 in 436.
· originated from natural incapacity. Thus - 1790 to 1794 - 1 in 447.
it is clear that the proposed abolition of - 1795 to 1799 - l in 465,
the Poor Laws could not possibly dimi-
1800 to 1804 - 1 in 474.
nish the number of the destitute ; but I cannot well conceive the reason whr
certainly would increase the number of our increased charitable expenditure
the miserable.
should excite more surprise and alarm
It has often been asserted that the than our proportionate increased private
common people of England have in and public expenditure, and the equal
several respects suffered much from de- advance in the price of provisions and
terioration under the malign influence of every article of consumption. The fol-
the Poor Laws. The condition of the lowing calculations, extracted from a
lower classes, struggling hard for an in- pamphlet lately published by Mr. J. Bar-
different living, is at all times a painful ton, does not much accord with those
spectacle ; but I have reason to think loud and despairing lamentations of the
that at the present time, they are on the great and alarming increase of the poor
whole more comfortable than at any rates, which of late years has constantly
former period. The following statement assailed our ears. The last year exhibits
of the progressive decrease of deaths in even a decrease of our burthens on ac-
Great Britain demonstrates the salutary count of the poor :
Annual Expenses of the Poor, computed with reference to the Price of Corn.
Average Price Expended Charge per head on the
of Wheat on the Poor. whole Population.
From 1772 to 1776 . . 488. 2d. . . L.1,556,804 . . 44 pints of wheat.
1780 to 1785 . . 49 : 2 . 2,004,233 . . 53
1799 to 1802.. 84 : 8 . . 4,267,965 . . 543
1811 to 1815 .. 93 : 2
5,072,028 .. 50
If, then, the magnitude and increase which, with such means, can protect froin
of the poor rates does not originate, ac- utter destruction so vast a multitude.
cording to the common opinion, in poli- But a more effectual way than all our
tical disease, but is the natural effect of reasonings to obviate objections against
the present state of things, we may safely the poor laws, would be, to render the
despise those gloomy forebodings of their rates more just and equal; I mean, that
continued rise until at last they terminate erery man should be rated according to
in our ruin, and more reasonably con- his ability. All the petty inconvenience,
clude, that as the same causes occasioned attending this plan ought to be disre-
the universal rise, the whole will now garded ; and surely deserve not the least
remain stationary -perhaps, in some de- consideration, when compared not only
gree, retrograde. At any rate, we need with the partiality, but the real injustice
not be very much afraid, that the annual of our present practice. Instead of en-
expense of five millions to the poor, will croaching on your valuable space by ex-
prove, as we are threatened, a gulf to plu.ning, in different points of view, the
swallow the whole of our property, when nature of this injustice, I shall only men-
we recollect, that lately, even in time of tion one short instance, as it is extremely
war, we could spare four times that sum common. A gentleman, worth seven
as extra taxes, without hearing any more thousand a-year, is known, in no other
than the usual discontent at taxes which we place or way, to pay more to the
heard before and since. Indeed, when I re- poor than what his house is rated at;
flect, that of our population there are per- while his next neighbour, a clergy.
haps nine millions actually poor, toiling man's widow, who keeps a lodging house,
for the day that passes over their heads, the whole of whose property hardly
and continually tottering on the brink of amounts to 1001. pays exactly the same :
want, instead of affecting to wonder at and, were I to tell what I suspect to be
our lavish expenditure, I am rather dis- true, might add, that in order to make
posed to admire that penurious prudence, the payment good, is obliged at times,
- --
-
-
-
-
-


398
(June 1,
Considerations on the Poor Laws.
with her children, to forego some of the tages. The pains taken by government
necessaries of life. The income tax, to in the establishment of saving banks is
which the plan I recommend would be also highly laudable. That relief which
similar, * was loudly condemned as inqui. the poor themselves provide is on every
sitorial and vexatious ;-better so, than account best; not only as it is the most
unjust and oppressive. But whatever just, but also because it invigorates in-
was pretended, its real vexation was the dustry, and nourishes those feelings of
taking of our money. No man can have independence which tend farther to re-
any grounds for concealing the state of move them from the ideas and disposi-
his property, except the ridiculous desire tions of paupers. Benefit societies,
of imposing on his neighbours by false which, in some respects, are preferable
appearances of grandeur, or that of de- to saving banks, also stand in need of
ceiving his creditors.
farther attention from government. Eng.
The perpetual disputes in determining lishinen appear to entertain a great predi-
the settlement of paupers, the great ex- lection for them; yet it is lamentable to
pense and infinite vexation to all parties reflect, that notwithstanding the general
which they occasion, have long been the desire of the lower orders, by such means
subject of complaint, and various reme. to escape the disgrace and misery of pa-
dies have been proposed. The complete, rish relief, that they should be so much
the safe, and the easy cure would be, in all frustrated in their laudable wishes. From
cases to assist poor, where misfortune be- injudicious management, and perhaps,
fals them, without any inquiry about their also, unfair practices in some of their
original. It is true, that a parish may founders and conductors-- from imposi.
sometimes suffer by the sudden appear. tions in profligate members pretending
ance of a pauper ; but has it not an equal sickness - but chiefly from their schemes
chance of benefiting by the contrary? being too flattering, promising more than
It might, however, be feared, that the they can perform, not one in ten of
poor would all crowd into an opulent these societies, at least in the metropolis,
parish from the neighbouring poorer last so long as to be of service to the
ones. To this I reply, that if they did, members in old age, when most needed.
it would only be promoting the general Effectually to remedy their defects, I
ends of justice. But of such intrusive would recommend: 1. That one fair and
visits I do not think that the rich parish equitable scheme be proposed by govern-
need be in much terror. The poor man ment, which alone could be protected by
struggling with adversity, is very little law. 2. That in every parish a society
prone to busy himself with foreign be established, called the Parochial Be-
schemes. He, too, is attached to his nefit Society, managed by the parish,
humble habitation, and is both unwilling and its benefits guaranteed by it. 3.
and unable to emigrate. Little tempta- That none be entered on the lists of sick,
tion, indeed, could he have to put himself before they have been inspected by the
to so much inconvenience ; for, though medical gentleman belonging to the pa.
one parish may be more opulent than rish. And 4. That the benefits vary
another, they all distribute their favours considerably from 5s. to 30s. per week,
with the same parsimonious hand. that the poorest persons, women, as well
It is reasonably to be hoped, that our as men, may have it in their power to
various exertions to diffuse education, become members. The consequences of
and promote moral and religious instruc- such regulations could not fail to be be-
tion,will ultimately communicate such'ele- neficial to the poor, with very little trou.
vation to the character and understanding ble, and without any hazard or expense
of the poor, as to render them both more either to government or the parishes.
prudent in the management of their pe- Notwithstanding the extreme fervor
cuniary concerns, and also more disdain- of their opposition to the poor laws,
ful of all kinds of eleemosynary advan- neither the Edinburgh nor the Quarterly
Reviewers notice the celebrated argi.
I have seen this method of raising the ment of Mr. Malthus against them, in
poor money practised with the utmost suc- regard to their supposed pernicious in-
cess. Three or four respectable sworn as-
sessors were selected, in different quarters
fluence on population; which, in the
of the town, by which means the state of
opinion of that eminent philosopher and
every individual's income was in some de.
others, is sufficient of itself to justify
gree familiarly known; and the rate, which their total abolition. In my next I shall
according to this just distribution, never
trouble you with the offer of a few ob-
being very oppressive, was fixed with very servations on this subject. W. N.
little explanation or complaint.
Bedford Row, May 7, 1819.


1819.] Curious Particulars of Sir Robert Marwell, of Orchardston.
399
CURIOUS PARTICULARS OP SIR ROBERT the severe discipline of the Jesuit's col-
MAXWELL OP ORCHARDSTON. lege, his expenses being defrayed by oe-
MR. EDITOR,
casional supplies sent him by his uncle,
THE following authentic particulars which were to him represented as the
of the life of a Scotch gentleman of title, bounties of the college, a story which he
of the last century, so strongly reminds could not discredit, as he had been placed
me of some of the adventures of the hero there at an age too young to know dis-
of a late deservedly popular novel, that I tinctly either who he was, or whence he
cannot resist communicating them to the came; he was intelligent and docile, and
public through the channel of your ex- was deemed of sufhcient capacity to be-
cellent publication :---The presumed au- come hereafter one of their own learned
thor of Guy Mannering is an antiquarian, body, with which view he was educated.
and a North Briton, and has, therefore, When at the age of sixteen, he found the
probably heard the tale which I am about discipline and austerities of a monastic
to relate to you from some of those old life so ill suited to his inclination, that on
chroniclers who have furnished him with a trivial dispute with the superior of his
such rich and valuable materials in other college he ran away and enlisted himself
instances, and as these sort of adventures in a French marching regiment. In this
are in Scotland generally preserved by situation he sustained all the hardsłups
tradition only, it is highly probable, that of hunger, long marches, and incessant
he himself might have but an imperfect alarms, and as it was in the hottest part
recollection of the source whence he de- of the war between France and England,
rived the original idea :---
about the year 1743, it may easily be
Sir Robert Maxwell, of Orchardston, imagined that his situation was by no
in the county of Galloway, was the de. means enviable. He fought as a foot-
scendant of an ancient Roman catholic soldier at the battle of Dettingen; he
family of the south of Scotland. He was was also at the battle of Fontenoy; and
the only child of a religious and bigoted landed as an ensign in the French troops
recluse, who sent him, while yet very at Murray Frith during the rebellion of
young, to a college of Jesuits, in Flan. forty-five. He joined the rebels a little
ders, for education, the paternal estate before the battle of Falkirk, marched
being, in the mean time, wholly managed with them to Derby, and retreated with
by the boy's uncle, the brother of the de- them into Scotland. He was wounded
votee, to whom he resigned the guardian- at the battle of Culloden, and fled with
ship of the property, in order that he a few friends to the woods of Lochaber,
might employ the remainder of his days where he remained the greatest part of
exclusively in acts of devotion. In the the summer of 1746, living upon the
family of Orchardston, as, indeed, in roots of trees, goats' milk, and the oat-
most great families of that day, the meal and water of such peasants as he
younger branches were but ill provided durst confide in. Knowing, however,
for, and looked to the inheritor of the that it would be impossible to continue
family estate alone for the means of sup- this course of life in the winter, he began
porting their rank in society ; the liberal to devise means of effecting his return to
professions, and the employments of France, perfectly unconscious that in the
trade, were still considered somewhat country where he was suffering the mi-
dishonourable; and the unfortunate series of an outcast criminal he was en-
junior, nursed with inflated ideas of his titled to the possession of an ample estate
consequence and rank, was doomed in and a title." His scheme was to gain
after life to exercise the servility, and ex- the coast of Galloway,where he hoped to
perience the mortification of a humble get on board some smuggling vessel to
dependant. In this case the culpable the Isle of Man, and from thence to
negligence of the father had transferred France. The hardships which he suf-
the entire management of a large estate fered in the prosecution of this plan
to his younger brother, who was so de would require a volume in their descrip-
lighted in the possession that he resolved tion. He crept through bye ways by
to retain it to the exclusion of his ne- night, and was forced to lie concealed
phew, the rightful heir at law. He con- among rocks and woods during the day :
sequently circulated a report that the he was reduced almost to a state of nu-
boy was dead, and on the death of the dity, and his food was obtained from the
old baronet, which took place about this charity of the poorest peasants, in whom
period, he laid claim to the title and es- only he could confide. Of this scanty
state. In the mean time our young subsistence he was soinetimes for days
hero was suffering (but very reluctantly) deprived ; and to comp! te his misfor-


400
[June 1,
On the Poetry of Walter Scott.
tunes, he was, after having walked bare hearing, and Sir Robert was at length
footed over rocks, briais, and unfre. put into the peaceable possession of an
quented places, at length discovered, estate worth upwards of two thousand
seized, and taken before a magistrate pounds a year. He now began to dise
near Dumfries. As his name was Max. play those qualities and abilities which
well, which he did not attempt to con- had been but faintly perceptible in his
ceal, he would have suffered as a rebel, former station : he discovered a gener.
had not his commission as a French of ous mind, an intellect at once vigorous
ficer been found in the lining of bis tat- and refined, and manners the most ele-
tered coat, which entitled him to the gant and polished ; his society was court-
treatment of a prisoner of war. This ed by all the neighbouring gentry, and
privilege, however, only extended to the in the course of time he married a Miss
preservation of his life; he was confined Maclellan, a relation of the family of
in a paved stone dungeon so long, that he Lord Kirkcudbright: with this ladó he
had amused himself by giving names to lived in the most perfect happiness for
each stone which coniposed the pare many years. He joined in the prevz-
Inent, and which in alter life he took lent practice of farming his own estate,
great pleasure in repeating and pointing and built a very elegant house on an
out to his friends. An old woman, who eminence overlooking the Frith. An
had been his nurse in childhood, was at iinprudent speculation in the bank of
this time living in Dumfries, where he Ayr, however, compelled him ouce more
was a prisoner, and having accidentally to abandon the seat of his ancestors. He
seen him, and becoming acquainted with had reserved a small pittance, on which
his name, his age, &c. felt an assurance he and his lady lived the latter part of
that he was the rightful Sir Robert their days. This calamity he bore as
Maxwell. The indissoluble attachinent became a man familiar with misfortune,
of the lower orders in Scotland to their and he continued the same worths open-
chiefs is well known; and impelled by this hearteil character that he had erer been.
feeling, this old and faithful domestic The reduction of his fortune served only
attended him with the most maternal to redouble the kindness and cordiality
affection, administering liberally to his of his friends. He died suddenly in Sep-
distresses. After an interview of some
tember 1786, whilst on the road to visit
weeks she made him acquainted with her one of them -- the Earl of Selkirk. He
suspicion, and begged leave to examine left behind him no issue, but his name is
a mark which she remembered on his still remembered with ardent attacht-
body. This proof also concurring, she ment.
became outrageous with jov, and ran In the confident hope that this state-
about the streets, proclaiming the dis- ment will not prove entirely uninterest-
covery she had made ! This rumour reach- ing to your readers, I reinain, &c.
ing the ears of the magistrates, enquiry May 4, 1819.
S.X.
was made, the proofs were examined,
and it soon became the general opinion ON THE POETRY OP WALTER SCOTT.
that he was the son of the old baronet MR. Editor,
of Orchardston. The cstate lay but a I shall make no apology for troubling
few miles from Dumfries, and the un- you with some observations which the
Jawful possessor being a man of consi- communication of X, in your pumber of
derable power and of a most vindictive January, has suggested, and which I am
disposition, most people, whaterer might inclined to believe, have presented them-
be their private opinion, were cautious selves to the minds of most of those w bo
in espousing the cause of this disinherit. dislike the too common usage of the
ed and distressed orphan. One gentle times in literary as in other matters of
man, however, was found, who, to his raising one man's merits on the defects
eternal honour, took him by the hand. of his competitor.
A Mr. Goudy procured his release from Lord Byron has, I dare say, a mind
prison, took him to his own house, cqually lofty to dictate the nervous and
cloathed him agreeably to his rank, and impassioned stanza, and to shrink from
enabled him to commence an action the unworthy honor with which the
against his uncle. The latter was not strictures of X would emblazon him at
inactive in the defence of his crime, and the expence of Walter Scott. His Lord-
took every pains to prove his nephew to ship's merit is, I believe, as incontestable
be an impostor. Chagrin and a consci- as the moed of public fame which has
ousness of guilt howerer put an end to been awarded to bis productions is no-
bis existence before the cause came to a torious. I will not stay to discuss the


1819.)
401
On the Poetry of Walter Scott.
point of how much more pleasure he to have strained his Lordslip's powers,
would have given us in painting tre de- with cataloguing their murky qualities
lightful points of human character, than in and atrocious sublimity.
presenting us with the acme of human de. But I will not compare, as X has
pravity and consummately noble villains, done, these reigning stars of our poetical
or argue on the malicious suspicion that sphere; for I cannot belicre, until I hear
the darker passions must be predomi- it officially notified from the north, that
nately felt by the poet, in whose works. Mr. Scott's bas either set, or been found
their terribly faithful portraits are counterfeit in its radiance. Our simple
drawn in horrid variety in every page, and honest belief in the south is, that
but will proceed to ask, since when has both Mr. Scott and Lord Byron are two
“the wild slogans of border feuds sunki," very extraordinary poets, and we donbt
as X informs us, into disrepute ? Or who not both entitled to as much immortality
imagines that Lord Byron will fall into as they can desire; but we cannot help
oblivion? Who has proclaimed the idea observing, that the library of every one,
or substantiated the proof, of Mr. Scott who has twenty books, beside the bible
having abused us with counterfeit cuin and common-prayer book, contains the
of the mint of Apollo ? and who, but works of Walter Scott; but the volumes
as wishing immortality to the works of of the noble Lord are by no means so
Lord Byron, would not imagine, that in universal, and are carefully kept out of
wishing him equal posthumous fame with the way of young persons, hypochon-
the bard of Ettrick, he said enough to driacs, or pregnant women, who are ob-
fill the measure of a poet's ambition ? served to shudder at what they do under-
But X tells us, that “ Lord Byron is all stand of him, and to guess darkly horrible
strength, condensation, and grandeur, things on those parts which the energy
whilst Mr. Scott possesses little energy, of the noble bard has wrapped in dark-
and few, if any, of those recondite ex- ness, or shadowed with the ghastly un-
cellencies so peculiar to the writings of certainty of Fuseli's demons; but we no-
his noble cotemporary."--Excellent !- tice, on the contrary, that(owing, we be-
not to mention the new idea of a recon- lieve, to the facility of description, and
dite poet, 1 should humbly conceive, that minute painting censured by X) all de-
transplanting these energetic touches of scriptions of readers peruse Scott with
the noble poet to the pages of Walter pleasure, and strange to say of a poet of
Scott, would be to transfer the dark marklittle energy, and unskilled in the ana-
ings of the sublime and horrible Spagno- tomy of the soul, look on nature and on
letto to the canvas glowing with the grace, life with higher relish of the beauties of
nature, and sunshine of Correggio. The the one, and with heightened interest on
denial of energy to Mr Scott, of the the scenes of the other, after such peru-
quality of the energy of Lord Byron is sal than before ; nay, are so perverse as
just; and fortunate for the enjoyment to quote his descriptions on every proper
of those who delight in the poet of na. occasion with almost as much pleasure as
ture, and the exquisite delusion by I suppose they do in Scotland."
which the “ Last Minstrel" makes us The part of X's observations which
parties to the actions he describes, and refer to the issue formerly tried between
rapt admirers of the scenes he delineates. the noble poet and the Edinburgh re-
Let the censure of X be admitted that viewers I have nothing to remark on.
he paints minutely, but it is such paint. The opinion of the public on that point
ing as mocks reality, and we hang on the is long since fixed-X has given us some
detail without satiety, which confirms the beautiful flowers from the juvenile poems
truth of the proportion, and graces the at the end of his communication, but se-
larger portions of his picture with orna- lections from Scott being difficult, and
ments happily remembered to heighten his works on every shelf, and what is
the illusion. -- But Mr. Scott “kuow's more, daily read in Scotland, England,
nothing of the anatomy of the soul!"– Ireland, and the town of Berwick-upon-
Exquisite ! Perhaps his “readiness of Tweed, you will excuse my following
composition and terseness of expression" the example. I will only remark, by the
might excuse this nobler faculty of diving way, that the poems quoted have less of
into the incomprehensible workings of the morbid anatomy of the soul than most
the soul; and I should imagine, that any of the “Childe's" later procluctions.
poet, or meaner mortal, wonld be most
ready to sacrifice a leaf of laurel to be
I am, &c. A SOUTHROX.
excused looking into such souls as sceni
New MONTHLY Mag.-No.65. Vol. XI. 3F


402 Tour of the Archdukes John and Lewis, in the Years 1815-16. (June 1,
JOURNAL OP A TOUR IN ENGLAND, IN select specimens of uncommon beauty.
1815-16, PROM MS. NOTES OP THE Mr. Allan appears to be deeply versed
ARCHDUKES JOHN AND LEWIS OP in this branch of science.
AUSTRIA.
It was rather difficult for us to go
( Continued from p. 301, Vol. XI.)
through the streets, as we were always
SCOTLAND has four universities.
followed by a crowd of curious persons :
In the schools established for all classes,
they did not remember ever to have seen
they do not blindly follow one single
worla a prince of the royal family, or foreign
a pri
method. but every where choose the prince, and the obliging curiosity of
best. The number of charitable institu-
which we were the object, was expressed
tions and hospitals is considerable; there
with a degree of impetuosity.
are many offices for insurance against
The very great number of whisky
fire, &c. The first and most consider-
shops must be considered as a real
able cotton manufactories, and the scourge to the country, which has an
greatest founderies, were established in
equally fatal influence on the morals and
Scotland ; and here too the first steam-
the health of the lower classes of the
boats were seen. Watt. the builder of people. Much has been written on this
steam-boats, is a Scotchman. The Brin subject. The only means to check the
tish writers, who have the most distin-
evil, would be a very high duty on the
guished themselves in science and litera-
retail sale, which would render it diffi.
ture, Hume, Rubertson, Watson, * &c.
cult for the poor to purchase: this
means has not been adopted, because
were Scotchmen. We have already,
when speaking of the university of Edin-
the sale of spirits brings in large sums
burgh, mentioned several of its present
to the state, and the inorals of the peo.
professors: besides these, we had occa-
ple are rather risked than the interest
sion to become acquainted with many
of the revenue.
other well informed men. In gene-
There are very handsome country
scats in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh.
ral, this country deserves to be appre-
ciated by impartial observers, in order
A chalybeate spring, called St. Bernard's
to appear in its true light:its neighbours
Well, is much frequented in the sum-
mer: it is in a liitle valley where the
have not always done it justice.
We owe it to the good letters of re-
river Leith has its source.
commendation which we carried to Glas-
We left Edinburgh on the 7th of Oc.
gow, and to the obliging politeness of
made of tober, by the London road. Mussel.
sereral persons in Edinburgh, that we
burgh is the first place you arrive at.
were able to see much in a short time.
It lies on the sea-coast, and, on account
The Lord Prorost, the Lord Advocate,
• of the salubrity of the air, is called the
Messrs. Duntlas, Hope, &c. shewed us
Montpellier of Scotland. There are sea-
baths bere. The place is much fre-
every possible attention : we are also
obliged to them for the possession of quen
quented in the fine season, and com-
the chief literary productions of the par
pany of all ranks find convenient C-
country. To our great regrot, the ce-
commodation. Not far from Mussel-
lebrated poet, Walter Scott, as well as
• burgh the coal-mines begin, which are
Mr. Dugald Stewart, were absent at the
extremely abundant in the eastern part
of the Lothians. Scotland possesses in-
time of our visit. We passed the three
exhaustible riches in coals. It is calcu-
evenings in a most agreeable manner,
in a select company of the most distin-
lated, that in the country between Glas-
guished inhabitants of the city; and, for
gow and Edinburgh alone, there are
met Edinburgh would be one of the
600,000 acres of coals, of which not
most agreeable places to reside in with
above 200 are annually consumed. The
which I am acquainted. I must not
pame of Musselburgh is derived from a
forget to add, that we visited the collec.
great bank of mussels, which is in the
tion of Mr. Allan, which appeared to us
neighbouring sea, and is very advan-
remarkable both for the choice of the
tageous to the poor, who gather mussels
specimens and for their adınirable ar-
in it.
rangement. It contains a complete se-
A great many families of fishermen
ries of British mineral productions, in
live in this market-town: when their
vessels enter the harbour too late to
• We do not know who is meant here.
take the fish to Edinburgh in time for
-ED.
dinner, they are conveyed thither with
+ We are also here at a loss to know much speed by women, who relieve each
which of their Imperial Highnesses is the other, who have not above one hundred
writer,-ED.
yards to go, and carry their hisa in


1819.) Tour of the Archdukes John and Lewis, in the Years 1$15-16. 403
baskets: in this manner the fish reach ticular cases that they are prolonged.
Edinburgh, which is five English miles No lease can be made for a longer time
and a half distant, in three quarters of than thirty-two years.
an hour. Three of these women make Fruit trees very seldom thrive in the
the journey from Dunbar to Edinburgh north of Scotland, on account of the
(which is six-and-twenty English miles) frosts in spring and the cold east winds.
in five hours, with a burthen of 200 The sheep, which are chiefly kept on
pound of herrings; sometimes they carry the southern inountains of Haddington-
as much as 280 pounds.
shire, and in very extensive pastures,
Musselburgh is what is called a bo- are covered all over, after being sheared,
rough of regality, a place which acknow- with a mixture of tar and butter, or
ledges as its head, not the king, but oil, by which they are protected from
a particular person. Formerly these the tick, and kept warm in winter; the
market towns possessed an extensive growth of the wool also, is said to be
jurisdiction, and royal prerogatives, promoted by this process.
which made their possessors in some In the lower grounds, the snow does
measure independent of the sovereign. not lie long, and even on the mountains
Its magistracy consists of eighteen mem- it seldom lies longer than three weeks :
bers, and the market town possesses all at this time fodder is given to the sheep.
the privileges of the royal burghs, ex- The soil of the plain country of Hadding-
cept that it chooses no members of Par tonshire is clayey. The general alterna-
liament, and sends no deputy to the as- tion of crops is the following:-1. Fal-
sembly of the burghs.
low ; 2. Wheat; 3. Beans or peas; 4.
Haddington, where you first change Barley: 5. Grass ; 6. Oats. At the
horses, is sixteen miles from Edinburgh. foot of the mountains, on the contrary,
From this place the road passes through 1. Turnips; 2. Oats or barley; 3. Clo-
a well cultivated country, in which there ver; 4. Oats. Turnips are said to thrive
are considerable farms, most of which better here than in England.
have a windmill for the purpose of In Scotland there are three different
threshing and grinding the corn,
classes of labourers: the hind, the cot-
The east part of Scotland, in the tager, and the ploughman: the last is
counties of Edinburgh, Haddington, and unmarried. The first place belongs to
Berwick, is one of the best cultivated the hind. Besides his usual busiuess
districts in the kingdom. In the neigh- with the horses, he has to attend to the
bourhood of the capital no precise alter- sowing in spring, and to the corn-mills
nation of crops is observed, probably on in autumn; he and the cottager are mar-
account of the ample supply of manure, ried servants. A dwelling is allotted to
which may always be obtained from a the hind, for which he furnishes a
great city. The most usual change is, reaper in autumn; he has also a little
however, the following:- 1. Fallow garden, for which he furnishes from two
without manure, or potatoes with ma- to four heaps of manure, according to the
nure, when the soil is light and porous; size of it. His wages consist of nine
2. Wheat; 3. Beans, in a manured soil; bolls of oats, three bolls of barley, as
4. Barley; 5. Clover and rye-grass; 6. many of peas, and food for a cow, the
Oats; 7. Fallow, or potatoes with ma- dung of which belongs to his master,
nure. There are farms where pasture who provides the necessary fuel. His
alternates with tillage, but this is only whole wages may be worth about twenty
at a greater distance from the capital. pounds sterling per annum.
The corn is reaped with a sickle. The T he sole business of the cottager is
Highlanders come from the most north- ploughing; he receives a dwelling and
ern parts of Scotland, to get employed garden, which he pays for in the same
as reapers. The machine for reaping, manner as the hind; in order to encou-
invented by Smith, which was judged to rage him to a careful preparation of
be the best of three proposed, has been manure, it is customary, in some places,
known too short a time to be generally to give him the first crop of a field for
employed.
which he has supplied the manure. The
Here, as in all the rest of Scotland, entire amount of his wages may be
the farms are let at a rack-rent, that is about the same as those of the hind.
to say, to the highest bidder; it is only The ploughman, or unmarried labour-
when the offers made are equal, that er, has his meals mostly in the house of
the old farmer and his family have the his master, and sleeps in the stable.
preference. Leases are made in general His wages consist of eight pounds ster-
for nineteen years, and it is only in par- ling, and two pair of shoes; half a peck


- 1819.] Tour of the Archdukes John and Lewis, in the Years 1815-16. 405
* The first excursion which we made at the refuse of the coal-mines of New-
Newcastle was to visit the coal-mines. castle. As these coals are changed by
As you go to Sheilds, you see on the right combustion into glassy scoriæ, and pro-
and left a number of open shafts which duce no ashes, neither manure nor pot-
* lead to the subterraneous galleries. They ash can be obtained from them. .
are distinguishable by the smoke rising We visited one of the shafts of the
from the steam-engines, and which issues mine of which our guide was inspector ;
from their chimneys. Here is found it belongs to a company of six persons.
one of the most considerable strata of At a small distance from this inine is a
coal in Europe : for in the country be- great heap of sand; it is sand from the
tween the Blyth and the Tyne, and be- Thames, which the Newcastle colliers
tween the Tyne and the Wear, the last are obliged to take on their return as
layer is of pure coal. In several sections ballast, when the river is cleansed.
a there are seen as many as six different The mine into which we descended
superpositions; the upper stratum of has three entrances near to each other.
s the mine is of sandstone, of aluminous One is for the entrance of the miners,
schistus, and often of common argillace. the other for drawing up the coal, and
ei ous iron ore. The kind of coal found the third for pumping out the water.
here is pitch-coal; there is but little The coal is raised from the mine by
c cannel coal.
means of a steam-engine, on the ancient
These mines belong partly to indivi- principle of Watt.* * *
; duals, partly to companies.
As it was Saturday, we saw the miners
The miners employed in these works come out; eight or yine of them suspend
dwell in long houses, built purposely for themselves to a chain fastened to the
them, near the shafts, which makes each end of the rope, and ascend in this man-
of these mines resemble a little village. ner. The children get into the baskets
One of the inspectors who conducted in which the coal is drawn up, and three
us, shewed us on the left side of the road or four are seen in the same basket.
a work which was inundated, or drown- The occupation of these children partly
ed, as they call it, some time ago. Se- consists in driving the horses, which
venty-four persons lost their lives. An bring the coal to the shaft of the mine,
extent of eight hundred English acres which is done upon iron rail-roads. Thus
was covered by the water. In spite of the horses remain under ground for
every exertion, it has not been possible years together. In the mine which we
to reduce it more than eleven feet. visited there were sixty employed in
We passed by a mine, near which a this subterranean labour. The shaft is
great heap of coal was burning : our eight hundred feet deep. The mive ex-
conductor explained to us, that it was tends a mile under ground. Two little
the refuse of the coal which is heaped up iron sledges, each drawn by one horse,
and burnt, without deriving any advan- bring the coal to the shaft; while two
tage from it. It is so abundant, that af- full baskets ascend, two empty ones de-
ter supplying all the steam-engines em- scend again, and are carried back upon
ployed in the mines, and after the poor the sledges to an esplanade, where they
of the country have taken as much as are loaded. From almost each of these
they please, there still remains a large esplanades (which are very numerous)
quantity, of which no use is made. As an iron rail road leads to an open space,
the duties are the same upon the -small where all the roads join with two, which
coal (or dust) as on the large, and the are also iron rail-roads. These roads,
Jatter being more in request, it is not of which there is a great number about
worth whilc (as we were told) to offer Newcastle, are of two kinds: the flat
the small for sale, so that it is burned roads, which have only a plate of iron,
when the quantity becomes so large as and the ed: e-railed roads, which form a
to be in the way. An attempt was made certain projection. Experience has
to send this small coal to London, for the shewn these last to be the best. The
rise of the poor, but the heavy duty caus- wheels of the carts are of cast iron, and
ed it to be given up, and thousands of they have a projection which obliges the
quintals of the best coal are annually cart to remain in the track: each of
burnt, which might however be turned these carts, when loaded, weighs 153
to better account. This, for example, cwt. In the middle of the cart is a
is the kind of coal the best adapted for wooden lever, by means of which, the
the production of gas-light, and many man who is behind is able, by merely
towns in England might be lighted with pressing it, to check the cart when going
P


406
[June 1,
Notices of the Hungariun Gipsies–No. II.
down hill. Formerly there were also to make room for another, for this
wooden rail-roads, but they disappear by purpose the two roads converge to-
degrees.
wards the stage; so that the carts may
The rail-roads have surmounted all avoid each other, the cart is made to pass
the difficulties of carriage, which is per- from one track to the other by means of
formed in this manner with the greatest a wooden lever, cased with iron. The
facility and rapidity, and at the least ex- most important condition for the sale is,
pense. We must add to this the steam that the coals arrive very dry at London.
waggons; they go on the edge-rail They are not readily bought wet; they
roads, or on a particular kind of road. are therefore loaded as quickly as pos-
They are of three different kinds: I saw sible in the transports, and there pro-
them at Newcastle, and subsequently at tected from the rain. In places where
Leeds, where the inventor, Mr. Blackin- the river is not so near the mine as in
shop, has introduced them. They have that which we visited, large covered
all the three kinds at Newcastle, but magazines have been erected.
we saw only one ; it has three wheels,
(To be continued.)
and goes on the flat-roads.* * * * This
machine has narrow wheels; it draws NGTICES OF THE HUNGARIAN GIPSIES.
after it even carts carrying together from
No. II.
21 to 50 tons of coals. When the road NOBODY can examine whether
ascends, or the machine meets with an every one possesses such a treasure ;
obstacle, it stops, and then it is neces- but you may see that almost every one
sary to increase the power of the steam, has a horse of his own. One would fancy
by adding to the fire. If the machine that the race of the renowned Rozinante
did not exist, each of the carts would be of the noble knight of La Mancha bad
drawn by one borse, and would cost been multiplied, ad infinitum, to furnish
50 pounds sterling per annum. They every Nomade with his hack. If any
go from seven to nine miles in an hour, person has an old unserviceable horse to
when the road is even. The expense sell, however bad it may be, he is sure of
of making the rail-roads is 12001. per finding a purchaser among the No-
mile.
mades. Here the life of the beast is
A steam-cngine by Watt acts at the prolonged, for it is generally unemploy-
shaft by which the coal is drawn out, and ed, and food grows under its feet. When
puts in motion, at the same time, the the Nomade wants to remove to ano-
pumps which draw the water from the ther place, he packs his tent and his
third shaft. The necessary steam is pro- other effects together, lays them upon
duced by five cylindrical boilers. This his horse, hangs across a pair of saddle-
steam-engine is very large; its cylinder bags with a couple of little children,
is 63 inches in diameter, and its power which are seldom wanting, and leads it
is equal to that of a hundred and forty by the bridle, the wife and the bigger
horses. * * * * The machine is very children following. This, however, is
simple ; it raises 400 gallons of water not the only case in which he wants his
every minute. The shaft is 800 feet in horse ; at fairs, which nobody more assi-
depth down to the lower reservoir, duously frequents, every one seeks to
which it exbausts. At some distance dispose of his horse, either to exchange
froin the shaft there is a grate, under it for a better, or if for a worse, to get
which fire is made to dry the baskets. some money into the bargain. The un-
We next went to the place where the fortunate animal is to be pitied when
coals are loaded in the vessels ; it is the merciless Nomade rides it. Cunning
pretty near to the shaft; two iron rail and cruel, he knows how to make his
roads lead to it. At the beginning of poor beast start and rear. In some re-
the road, one or two carts are drawn by mote corner he beats it severely till the
one horse ; afterwards, where it begins animal trembles and palpitates. If a
to descend, the horses are taken off, purchaser mounts it for a trial, and but
and the cart proceeds of itself to the threatens to strike, the creature springs
loading-place, which is a kind of stage and runs as long as it has breath. If it
over the river, and covered in. Two is lame of one fore foot, the seller reme-
large troughs, strongly lined with tin, dies this by laming it of the other; then
descend obliquely. The vessels come the poor beast spares both fore-feet as
under this stage; when the cart arrives, much as possible, and rears. Many a
a hook is unfastened, the bottom opens, man has been so deceived, thinking to
and the coals descend by the trouglis buy a spirited though ill fed horse, but
into the vessel. The cart is drawn back discovered the cheat the next day, and


1819.)
407
Notices of the Hungarian Gipsies.--No. 11.
instead of mounting it was obliged to hammer. The father communicates the
wait till it could be cured. The Nomade art to his children-an imperfect art, it
thinks such a trick quite fair. It is the is true, but more than we should be en-
purchaser's business to open his eyes, titled to expect from their tools. A pair
and make sure of what he buys; besides of bellows, rather larger than the com-
the gipsy never sells dear.
mon hand bellows, a pair of tongs, a
None but a Nomade who is in particu- hammer, a file; these are all the tools
larly good circumstances keeps two which the greater part of these natural
horses, for which he gets a waggon of smiths want to do their work, for which
the cheapest kind. Such a one has ef- a regular smith requires an extensive
fects sufficient to load his waggon in his apparatus. They burn charcoal for their
wanderings, but very few are so well off. own use, and often for sale also. In
Next to the horse, the Nomade values, the middle of the tent, or of the winter
above all living creatures, the animal cave, they make, instead of the usual
proscribed by the Mosaic law. When fire, a fire of charcoal; a little parapet of
he assists the farmer in his labours dur- clay is raised round it, in which the bel-
ing the harvest, he generally bargains, lows are fixed. A hard stone often sup.
besides some provisions, for a young pig, plies the place of an anvil. The wife,
as the reward of his labour. He feeds or a child, sets the bellows in motion ;
it with the refuse of his table, with food the charcoal glows; the father, often
which he begs, or obtains otherwise; and with the upper part of his body bare,
a considerable part of the charge falls wields with nervous arm the tongs and
upon the ground about his tent. His hammer, and forges the work. These
grunting companion lives like one of the scanty implements, to which even the
family, thrives and grows fat, and is sold few who are better off make no great
in the winter. The rest of the Nomade's addition, shew that the Nomade smith
property consists of his household effects. employs himself only in manufacturing
The catalogue is not long. A pot, a smaller articles; Jews' harps, chains,
dish, a kettle, a frying-pan, and other in- nails, fire-steels, fire-shovels, and such
dispensable articles, mostly in the sin- iron articles, he makes new. They un-
gular number. Whoever should think derstand how to mend pots and kettles,
of beds, bedsteans, chairs, and such lux- and now and then contrive, cunningly
uries, must have forgotten the patriarchal enough, to procure themselves work.
simplicity which our Nomade, a cynic 1f the Nomade smith happens to see in
from his birth, inviolably observes. Some a house a damaged kettle, which they
tools will be mentioned below.
have no mind to give him to mend, he
The reader involuntarily asks: “How examines and peels the damaged part,
then do these children of nature support till he makes a great hole in it; and if
life?" The golden age has long since he is scolded, offers to repair the unser-
disappeared from Dacia. Even the No. viceable utensil. It would be too much
mades are no more uncultivated enough to require durability or particular excel-
to be content with the gifts of the Hama- lence in his work; it is enough that he
dryads, or of mother earth alone. They does his business tolerably, and is satis-
are as able and willing to eat as others; fied with moderate payment. If he has
but to obtain their support from the finished a piece of his own work, he
earth by the sweat of their brow, is, in carries it to the nearest market, and
their opinion, far too troublesome. Even hawks it from house to house. It is
their roving way of life shews that they very seldom that he shews any thing like
do not till the ground, for which indeed economy in disposing of his bargains. I
the very elements of their constitutional have seen many a one, when he had
temperament do not at all qualify them. sold his goods, buy first only a small
For repose and case are their idols. quantity of iron, to be able to go on
Hunger alone, the great tyrant of animal working : with the rest he went to the
nature can rouse them from their delight- public house, which he did not leave till
ful indolence. Give the easily satisfied he had not a farthing remaining; then,
Nomade enough to eat and drink, and but not before, he went, with light heart
you may have the pleasure of seeing him and empty pocket, to his own hoine.
pass day after day in the “dolce fur Many, who do no smith's work, manu-
niente." These simple means of exist- facture articles of wood. They make
ence he can procure in many different troughs, spoons, distaffs, and the like,
ways. The chief is the almost universal which they barter in the villages, if ther
propensity to the labours of the forge. can, for provisions. Others assist the
As the genuine descendants of Tubal farmer, in the summer, in his agricultural
Cain, even boys know how to use the labours; though they greatly prefer work


408 Notices of the Hungarian Gipsies--No. H. (June 1,
which can be done in the shade, to such may tickle their nose. The other sex
as exposes them to bear the heat of the also share this luxury with the men ;
sin. . This antipathy to the heat of the and the wife, at her cooking, smokes in
sun they have in common with all oriental company with the man at his forge,
nations; it shews itself even in animals which, to us, does not appear very grace.
of Asiatic origin, which are brought to ful. They do not only smoke tobacco,
the colder countries of the West ; which but chew it as sailors do. I never saw
is probably to be ascribed to the greater an instance of their taking snuff. As
difference between the summer and win- old, long-used pipes, have imbibed a
ter temperature, rather than to the ab- great deal of the juice, they are fond
solutely higher degree of summer heat of such pipes to chew : these are the
in our western climates. A great part pliable pipes used in Germany, Turker,
of the Nomades leave their support, par- &c. In general, a traveller can make
ticularly in winter, to the care of heaven the Nomades no more valuable present
and the charity of their fellow creatures, than a handful of tobacco, or an old
whose pity they have various methods of pipe. I attribute to this constant use
exeiting. To beg is, in their opinion, no of tobacco, and to the unfrequency of
disgrace. If this does not produce suf- warm food, the sound ivory teeth of the
ficient, we must not much wonder if the Nomades.
hungry or the naked takes, what is either The Gipsies who have permanent abodes.
not offered, or is refused him. It is by no By far the greater part of the Hunga-
means a principle with him to take the rian and Transylvanian Gypsies, hare
property of others; but urgent necessity, long since accustomed themselves to a
or a momentary impulse, or, lastly, the settled mode of life, and fixed their abode
too great attachment to the dolce far in the suburbs of the towns, or in vil-
nicnte, as observed above, sometimes lages. Of their dwellings, therefore, the
tempts him to this violation of the rights same may be said in general as of others,
of property.
only that most of them have a much
From the preceding description it is more confined and mean appearance,
evident, that our Nomade gipsy cannot than ordinary peasants' houses. Some-
be very squeamish either in eating and times, however, Gipsies are found in
drinking, or in the wants of the animal good decent houses, very neat both within
half of himself. Whatever is eatable, and without. In the suburbs and villages,
though it be an Apocryphon in the canon they have their particular quarters,
of the Parisian Gastronomia, pleases his where they were at first compelled to
palate. His repast is temperate as the reside exclusively; but now crowd toge-
table of the noble Cincinnatus. He ther voluntarily, not to separate from
loves meat, but knows also how to do each other. In such a quarter, they live
without, even when the regulations of quite close together, because they gene-
the Greek church, to which most of them rally make their houses or huts, very
nominally conform, do not exactly hap- small, and want no extensive dependen.
pen to prescribe a fast day. At the cies, like the peasant, for cattle, and the
same fire, where the husband forges his produce of the soil. A sitting-room, a
iron, the wife can prepare her dinner. chamber, a workshop; these are gene-
When it is ready, they all place them- rally sufficient for the Gipsy, his family,
selres around it, each provided with a and his effects.
good appetite. Spoons are generally the In dress, as with the rest of mankind,
only implements, what will not go into there is a great diversity. He who is
the spoon, is divided, as instinct teaches, able, wears handsome and rich clothes ;
with the fingers. Of their drinking he who is not, dresses himself as he can.
vessels I shall speak hereafter : but here A passion for dress is not uncommon
I must mention another favorite enjoy- among them. Like their Nomade bre-
ment of the Nomades. To smoke to thren, they have a remarkable fondness
bacco is, with most of thein, become by for gandy colours. Red or blue, nay,
habit a matter of necessity; and, in a sometimes even bi-coloured breeches,
country where that article is so very lavishly trimmed with gold or silver,
cheap, this indulgence cannot be called yellow Hungarian boots, with spurs, are,
extravagance-particularly as they are in the opinion of some, the the ne-plus-
content with any thing that only looks ultra of elegance. They are particularly
or smells like tobacco. That as little as fond of the Hungarian national dress,
possible of the precious herb may go un- which certainly is very becoming on
enjoyed, they have tobacco pipes no a well made person. Many a Gipsy
longer than a finger, that the rising smoke struts about like a Hungarian nobleman,


410
(June 1,
Some Account of Thomas Brown, the Elder
.
pay such a one to play them something know gipsies who often have in their
new. When the gipsy has once heard trade some hundred, nay, even some
the piece, he has it by heart; he first thousand horscs, and swine; and, what
tries it himself, and when he can perform is scarcely credible, without being able
it, communicates to his comrades, and to write a figure or a letter, accurately
the band makes the music complete make and remember the calculation of
without difficulty. The triumph of the purchase and sale of every individual
gipsy music is the Hungarian national animal. This is a splendid proof of the
dance, mostly of their own composition, energy of the uncorrupted memory, not
quite in the energetic ardent spirit of reduced to mere mechanisin by the se-
the generous nation, executed with its crets of mnemonics !
peculiarly manly expressive accent, so The goldwashers, as they are called,
that the mere pupil of art willingly gives are a peculiar but small class of the sel-
up the contest, and resigns the palm to tled gipsies. Their number is mostly
the pupil of Nature.
fixed, and entered on the register of the
There is no gypsy settlement, how- royal inspectors. In the summer they
ever small, in which there are not one or live in barracks, near the rivers which
more, who, besides other employments, bring down gold-sand; the most cele-
sometimes practise music. At the wed- brated of which in Transylvania is the
dings of the country people they reap a Aranyos (Goldriver). The Maros, and
harvest without much exertion. Laden other rivers in Hungary, also furnish
with the substantial gains of his art, gold in larger or smaller quantities.
which never fail to be considerable from The washers receive, for a certain weight
the country people, whom pleasure dis- of gold grains which they deliver, a suit-
poses to be liberal, the gipsy, as soon able recompence, which however is not
as the days of the feast are over, returns considerable in proportion to the time
to his hut and enjoys the fruits of the and trouble they employ. This occupa-
entertainment with his expecting family. tion, besides, lasts only during the sum-
An Orpheus of this description, return- mer, as long as the water is not too cold;
ing home, once met with a singular ad. for they stand in the water while they
venture. He was going home, quite are at work, filch up the sand from the
alone, with his violin, in a severe winter bottom with a board made for the pur-
from a wedding; as he was passing pose, wash away the worthless part by
through a wood, a hungry wolf, of which pouring water on it, and seek out in the
there are many in that country, rushed rest, with admirable quickness of sight,
towards him ; our gipsy, in his fright, the little grains of gold. Often, in spite
seeing no other resource, leaped into a of all their looking, not a grain is to be
ditch and the wolf after him. To ap- found, and their time and trouble have
pease the animal, he threw him the been expended in vain. As soon as win-
provision, the remains of the feast. The ter approaches, this employment ceases,
wolf devours them greedily-the provi- the goldwashers return to their dwel-
sion bag is empty: every moment be- lings, and generally seek a livelihood by
comes more critical, and threatens the working in wood. The yanity of these.
trembling musician with a horrid death. poor people is singular enough; they
That he may at least not descend to his transfer the value of the precious metal
fathers unsung, he takes, for the last to themselves, and fancy that they are
time, his violin, the faithful companion some degrees superior to the other
of his life, and begins, with great car- gipsies.
nestness, his favourite air. But scarcely
(To be continued.)
had le commenced when the blood-
thirsty wolf, seized with dread of the
SONE ACCOUNT or THOMAS BROWN,
anger of Apollo, runs away, and our
virtuoso, like a second Orpheus, escaped
THE ELDER.
from the jaws of Cerberus; with an
T: margos E51 TO Tcidio%.
empty wallet indeed, and lamenting that WE are told that a man is known by
he had not taken his fiddle at the first, his associates, and certainly there can
he proceeds on his way home.
be no doubt that he who delights in the
The settled gipsies very frequently conversation of the vicious, forfeits there-
carry on a trade with cattle. Though by, the confidence of the good. This
the Nomades, as we have seen, do it on observation may be extended to literary
a small scale, this is by no means to taste, and when we find a person fond
be compared with the extensive transac- of ribald authors, there can be no in-
tions of many of the settled gypsics. I justice in setting him down as one of a


1819.] Some Account of Thomas Brown, the Elder.
411
depraved intellect. I was led to these was but short, and he revisited London,
remarks by casually perusing some sati. where for a support he became an author
rical publications of recent date, bearing by profession. It may easily be con-
the signature of « Thomas Brown, the ceived that a man of this turn of mind,
younger:" a name which no writer who was not very scrupulous in regard to
had any regard for his moral character, the employment of his pen. He had a
could have assumed, since, in so doing, he very lively imagination, and delighted
necessarily incurs the charge of being an much in scenes of low humour. The
admirer and imitator of Thomas Brown times in which he lived were favorable
the elder.
to libels and pieces of scurrility; of
Whether the present claimant of this which Tom did not fail to take advan-
honourable name be a “true chip of the tage, and thus he contrived not only to
old block" or not, they can best tell who provide for his necessities, but to gratify
are acquainted with his private habits. his love of sensual pleasure, by publishing
But as he takes a great pleasure in abus- various performances that excited risibi.
ing personages of the first distinction, lity at the expence of decency. The dia-
with a virulence of language as coarse as logues, letters, and poems of Tom
that used by Tom Brown, of facetious Brown, were read by high and low, on
memory, who is said to have had the per account of the wit that gave them a zest,
nicious quality of rather losing his friend though the author was considered as a
than his joke, it is but fair to take a view sort of Merry Andrew, whose vulgarity
of the history of the one, in order to form was endured on account of his drollery.
some estimate of the moral properties of They who laughed in the perusal of his
the other.
works, laid them down afterwards with
Thomas Brown, the elder, was the son disgust, and shrunk from an acquaintance
of an honest yeoman at Shiffnal, inShrop- with the author, whom they justly des-
shire, who impoverished himself to be- pised, on account of the depravity of his
stow a liberal education upon a profligate morals. The booksellers, however, knew
son, sending him first to the free school his value, and he was contented with
of Newport, in his native county, and their patronage. His companions were
next to Christ Church, Oxford; where libertines like himself, who acknowledged
the youth was soon distinguished by his no law but their appetite, and placed all
uncommon attainments in literature. happiness in sensual indulgence. The
He had great quickness of apprehension, principal female acquaintance of Tom
and to a solid stock of classical know- Brown was the noted Astrea Behn, of
ledge, added, by his study and applica- meritricious celebrity, who prostituted
tion, an intimacy with the French, Italian, both her person and her talents indiscri-
and Spanish languages. These qualifica- minately. As these two worthies were
tions might have rendered him an orna- inseparable in their lives, so in death they
ment to society, had he made a proper were united; their remains being depo-
use of them; instead of which, he des sited close to each other in the cloisters
pised authority, broke through all the of Westminster Abbey; the very church
rules of academic discipline, and led such which Brown had profaned, by affixing
a dissipated life, that, after many attempts a blasphemous paper upon the doors of
had been made to reclaim him in vain, it, one Sunday morning. There is, how.
the heads of his college were under the ever, reason to hope that even this man,
necessity of proceeding to the sentence of who so universally perverted very supe-
expulsion. Even this disgrace had not rior talents, natural and acquired, did at
the effect of correcting his manners, and last find mercy. For though he treated
instead of returning, like the prodigal, all religion with scorn in his life, his
to his afflicted father, he plunged at once heart failed him on the bed of death, and
into the follies and corruptions of the he expressed deep concern for the errors
Metropolis. For some time he lived which he had committed. Dr. Johnson
merrily; but when his finances were says, “ Brown was not a man deficient in
exhausted, those who had laughed at his literature, nor destitute of fancy ; but he
jests, and made him the companion of seems to have thought it the pinnacle of
their revelries, abandoned him in his excellence to be a merry fellow ;' and,
necessities, and left him to starve. In therefore, laid out his powers on small
this exigency, Tom became an usher in a jests or gross buffoonery, so that his per-
school at Kingston, a situation for which formances have little intrinsic value, and
he was ill-fitted by his manners, whatever were read only while they were recom.
might have been his capacity for teach- mended by the novelty and the event
ing. Accordingly, his stay at Kingston that occasioned them. What sense or


412
Voyage to the Shetland Islands. . (June 1,
knowledge his works contain is dis- ence as to the mode of employing his
graced by the garb in which it is exhi- talents in the attainment of it.
bited."
Much more might be said, but for the
Thus far, perhaps, the elder and the present, I shall only remark, that what-
younger Brown may tally pretty well in ever amusement individuals may have
respect of general resemblance, both as derived from the performances of both
men and writers; but still there will un- these lively writers, the world would have
avoidably be some points of dissimilitude, sustained no loss if Thomas Brown the
for where is the parallel that can be said elder, or Thomas Brown the younger had
to run upon all fours? I cannot find for never been born.
instance, in all my researches, that old
SHAW Toxkix.
Tom Brown ever held a sinecure place, Meoagizzey, April 3, 1819.
and then abused the Government under
which he enjoyed it: nor does it appear
VOYAGE TO THE SHETLAND ISLANDS.
that in all the wantonness of his wit, he
BY M. BIOT.
endeavoured to ruin his country, by bring- AMIDST the important political dis
ing the Sovereign into public contempt. cussions by which Europe is agitated, it
The faults of the senior humourist were is gratifying to observe, that science con-
numerous and heavy enough, it is true, tinues her progress, slowly it is true,
but indecorous as his writings are, there but with a degree of perseverance which
is little in them to inflame the passions of nothing can impede or overcome. It is
youth; he does not delight in libidinous now nearly two centuries since the at.
descriptions and allusions by which the tention of learned societies was directed
innocent mind becomes contaminated towards ascertaining the magnitude and
without suspecting any danger; nor does form of the earth, and the power of
he, in his licentious pictures, manifest a gravity at its surface. The first measure
direct hostile intention against the prin- of a degree of the terrestrial meridian
ciples of morality. That he was a gross was made in France, in 1670. When it
voluptuary is evident, but he does not, in was deemed necessary to measure at Once
any of his works, attempt to represent two arcs of the meridian, one near the
sensual pleasure as the sum of human equator and the other near the pole,
enjoyment. In all these flights, there. Bouguer and Condamine were sent to
fore, Thomas Brown the younger, must America, and Maupertuis and Lemon-
be allowed to have far outstripped his nier proceeded to the north. Their ob
archetype, and if he has not succeeded in servations proved the flatness of the
destroying the temple of chastity among earth towards the poles, but its measure
men, it has not been for the want of remained undetermined.
genius or inclination.
Fifty years later, astronomical instru-
Of Brown the elder it may be said, by ments having been brought to a higher
way of excuse, that the man wrote for degree of perfection, the Royal Society
bread; and that, probably, he could not of London and the Academy of Paris,
have gained a maintenance any other way, determined to employ every means of ob-
under his circumstances. This is an taining an exact solution of the problem,
apology which, bad as it is, capnot be The latter, with the view of adding an
made by the younger branch of the object of higher importance to their la-
family, whose condition lays upon him bours, proposed that the magnitude of
an obligation to improve, and not to in- the earth should become the basis of a
jure society. When filthy ideas go system of common measures. Amidst
abroad, in coarse and vulgar language, the convulsions which agitated France,
they carry their antidote with them, and and the terrible war which bathed Eu-
can do little harm; but when they are rope in blood, two French astronomers,
bodied in a graceful form, and set forth M.M. Delambre and Méchain, measured
with all the charms and graces of poetry, the arc of the meridian which crosses
they insinuate into the mind, seize upon France from Perpignan to Dunkirk,
the imagination, and completely poison This arc was afterwards prolonged to
the well-springs of life.
the Balearic Isles by MM. Biot and Ar-
The elder Brown appears to have been rago.
contented with a moderate income, and Colonel Mudge had measured several
to have cared little about any provision degrees of the terrestrial meridian, from
for the future; in which he certainly has the south of England to the north of
not been followed by the person ambi- Scotland, and it was desirable that this
tious of his name, whose cupidity of gain operation should be combined with the
seems only to be equalled by his indiffer- one made in France, in order to give a


1819.)
413
Voyage to the Shetland Islands.
Tiden
great arc, extending from the Balearic mit us to quote M. Biot's description of
Isles to the extremities of Iceland. Such the hospitable manners, the social virtues,
was the object of a voyage to the Shet. and the brotherly union of the Shetland
land Islands, undertaken by M. Biot, the Islanders. But we cannot forbear tran-
successful result of which was made scribing the following passage, in which
known by a memorial which he recently he pourtrays the perils they encounter
read to the Academy of Sciences at Paris. in fishing, which is their chief occupa-
It is not our intention to follow M. Biot tion:-
through his scientific operations; but the “They enter upon it with inconceiv-
following extracts from his work, in able boldness. Six men, who are good
which the wild beauties of the Shet- rowers, agree to occupy one boat, which
land Islands are described with equal is a slight canoe, entirely open: they
eloquence and truth, cannot fail to in- take with them a supply of water and
terest our readers :-
oatmeal.cake and a compass, and in this
“On the 18th of July,” he says, “we frail skiff they sail out of sight of all
landed, not far from the austral point of land, to the distance of fifteen or twenty
these islands, where the tides of the At- leagues. They usually spend a day and
lantic mingling with those of the Nor- night in fishing. In fine weather, they
wegian Sea, occasion a continually tem- sometimes gain about nine or ten shil-
pestuous agitation. The desolate aspectlings by one of these voyages; if the
of the soil corresponds with the difficulty sky be cloudy and the sea rough, they
of approaching it. On ascending the contend against its fury in their open
sides of the rocks, which are broken boat, until they recover their lines, the
by the waves, the eye tests on nothing loss of which would prove the ruin of
but a humid desert, covered with stone them and their families. They then sail
and moss, and rugged hills, rent by the back in the direction of the shore, amidst
inclemency of heaven. There is not a stupendous waves which rise like ridges
tree nor a bush to soften this wild land- of hills around them. The most expe-
scape, only here and there a few scat- rienced of the fishermen seats himself at
tered huts, from the mossy roofs of which the helm, and calculating on the direction
the smoke ascends and mingles with the of each wave, endeavours to avoid its
external fog."
shock, which would be sufficient to sink
After having described the benevolent, the boat. He at the same time directs
susceptible, and virtuous beings who in the maneuvering of the sail, which is
habit these regions of rain, wind, and lowered when the boat rises on a wave,
storm, the eloquent author adds:
in order to moderate its descent, and
" What attaches them to their home hoisted when the boat descends, so that
is, the peace, the profound, unalterable the wind may carry it along on the sur-
peace which they enjoy there. For the face of the succeeding wave. Sometimes,
last twenty-five years, during which Eu- enveloped in darkness, the unfortunate
rope has been destroying herself, the fishers see nothing but the mountain
sound of a drum has not been heard at of water which they seek to avoid, and
Unst, and scarcely at Lerwick. For of the approach of which they are only
twenty-five years the door of the house warned by the roaring of the waves.
which 1 inhabited had remained open “Meanwhile, their wives and children
night and day. The numerous rocks are stationed on the coast, imploring
which surround the islands, and render heaven for their safety; sometimes
them accessible only in favorable wea- catching a glimpse of the boat which
ther, serve as a fleet to defend them bears all their hopes, or fancying they
against attacks in time of war; and what see it overwhelmed by the waves-pre-
would privateers, or cruizers of any de- paring to assist their husbands and fa-
scription, seek in these barren regions ? thers whenever they come near enough
Here the news of Europe is listened to to the shore, or calling in frantic shrieks
with the interest with which one would on those who can hear them no more.
read the history of the past century; it But this is not always their fate. By dint
revives no recollections of personal mis- of address, labour, and courage, they
fortune, and awakens no animosity....... often return triumphantly from the ter-
If there were trees and sun in Shetland, rible conflict; the well known sound of
no country could be more charining ; the horn is heard : at length the boat
but if there were trees and sun, it would reaches the shore; tears are succeeded
be visited by the people of other nations, by embraces, and the joy of meeting is
and then peace would be banished." increased by the recital of the dangers
We regret that our limits will not per- which the fishermen have escaped."


414
(June 1,
Remarks on the Resumplion of Cash Payments.
ON THE EXPEDIENCY AND PRACTICA- guished for habits of punctuality and the
BILITY OF THE RESUMPTION OF CASH principle of honor. Individual confi-
PAYMENTS BY THE BANK OP ENG-
LAND.
No other country, in proportion to its po.
MR. EDITOR,
pulation, has to large a surplus of valua-
As the state of the circulating me- ble commodities, or such extensive means
dium of the kingdom is, at the present of transport, and, therefore, it has in its
time, a topic so deeply interesting, you power to procure the precious metals
will, I trust, not think the following abroad in any quantities. To bring for-
suggestions unreasonable or altogether ward a sufficient quantity of gold and
unimportant.
silver coin, and keep it freely circulating
The discussions which have taken throughout the kingdom, are not chan-
place in the House of Commons on' the ges which can be effected by slight and
report of the bullion committee, are, to temporising measures. They will not
every reflecting mind, very momentous. be effected, unless great sacrifices are
The house, evidently, have been much made, and means powerful and combined
divided in opinion as to fixing the pre- shall be employed and persevered in.
cise period at which the bank should re. Such means have not, I believe, erer yet
sume its payments in specie, but unani. been communicated to the public. Of
mous in their determination to lose no this most important but intricate subject,
time in the arrangement and adoption of both writers and politicians have, in ge-
measures, calculated to achieve, with all neral, taken but à narrow view. Had
practicable expedition, that important not the Bank of England issued from
object. It is much to be feared, that time to time in payments to bankers and
the minds of the minister, and of a majo- in fractional parts of dividends, large
rity in parliament, are not yet awake to quantities of gold coin, the reputation
the magnitude of the evil which will and value of their notes would have been
arise from any longer delaying the adop- still more affected than they have been.
tion of such measures. But whatever As soon as the order restricting the
may be the result of the deliberations of payments of coin at the bank had been
parliament, and however unfavourable issued, in consequence of a long course
opinions may be as to the state of the of improvidence on the part of govern-
national currency and credit, I am far ment, and irresolute conduct on the part
from supposing that that state of things of the bank directors, measures should
will make the lover of his country at all have been taken to remedy the evil and
despair of its ultimate safety and welfare. to avert those serious consequences to
At the same time, I ain free to confess, which it naturally led. Instead of which,
it appears to me, that if the bank do not, year after year has been suffered to
in a very moderate time, renew its pay- elapse without exertion, and without a
ments in cash, the national credit will be return to the councils of prudence; the
lowered, and an extreme depreciation of concurring measures of the bank, the le-
the value of the public funds may be fully gislature, and the minister, might have
expected to be the consequence. Most restored cash to our circulation and con-
formidable difficulties, no doubt, stand fidence to the public mind. The issues
opposed to a renewal of a mixed circula- of gold, which I have before spoken of,
tion of cash and paper.
amounting to a sum perhaps not less
The question is not, whether they are than between ten and eleven millions,
great, but whether they can and ought have been permitted to trickle guinea by
to be met. Although there are many guinea into the channels of circulation,
difficulties, there are, also, important fa- so as to produce, notwithstanding the
cilities in favour of this renewal. Much magnitude of the sum, only a temporary,
money is evidently hoarded in the king- and indeed, scarcely a perceptible effect.
dom, which judicious measures would How different would have been the re-
again put into motion, and there is much sult, had these issues of specie been si-
superfluous gold and silver plate, a very multaneous and the channels previously
considerable portion of which, could, by cleared of the superabundant paper, so
degrees, be brought into the mint, by the as to make money, of any material,
influence of patriotic examples amongst scarce, and almost entitled to a premium.
our leading men.
The country bankers would then have
Greatly diminished as our export trade been compelled to withdraw many of
at this time is, still it is superior to that their notes from circulation, and much
of any other country on the globe. Our of the gold which had vanished from the
merchants and our bankers are distin- sight, would have re-appeared, and by


1819.]
415
Portrait of Aspasia ; by Madame de Stael.
the return of specie, a powerful impres- never was intended that the bank of
sion on the sentiments of the publie England should become a paper mint,
would have been made, and the metallic and that the company should be made
sterility in the state of our currency rich at the expence of the nation.
might have been corrected, without any 5. The raising of a loan and the im-
very great exertions or very painful sa- position of new taxes to enable govern-
crifices.
ment to repay the old debt due to the
But the period has gone by, and this bank.
has become the age of paper; a bank 6. The parliamentary grant of a
note is no longer what it was; they are small bounty to private persons who
now substitutes for coin, instead of be- shall, within certain periods, import gold
ing pledges for payment. A species of and silver, bullion, or foreign coin.
paper is to be kept afloat and increasing, 7. The imposition, during a certain
which does not perforin its promises, and period, of high duties amounting almost
neither pays interest nor is convertible to prohibition upon certain articles, ex-
into cash.
cept from our own colonies.
Although, in the outset, the restric 8. The adoption of parliamentary
tions on the part of the bank were con- measures to prevent any foreign vessels
sidered only as the necessary result of from being employed in our commerce,
war, yet a peace has long been concluded as far as such measures shall be at all
with all the belligerent powers, without compatible with the extension of our
any attempt on the part of the legislature export trade and our supply of foreign
to enforce, or of the bank to renew, her articles of an indispensable nature, as
payments in cash. I am not one of very heavy sums are usually paid for
those who sit down and say, that be- freight of such vessels and mostly in the
cause the wisdom of parliament has not precious metals.
suggested any sort of remedy for this 9. The alteration of the mint prices
crying evil that it is past remedy-no! of the gold and silver coin of the realm,
There are fundamental errors in the so as to establish nearly the exact pro-
established system which must be ob- portion, which is not maintained by the
viated before any good can be expected. present price; and the imposition of a
The magnitude of the sum which, in the duty on coinage which will have a ten-
present reign, has been coined in gold, dency, like the price for fashion in gold
when compared with the very small a- and silver plate, to prevent the coin
mount which has, on the average, been from being exported or melted.
kept in circulation, is truly wonderful. 10. The limitation of the issue of
Having pointed out the defects in our £1, 2, and 51. notes.
present system, I shall suggest one or I would not, Mr. Editor, wish it to be
iwo practicable remedies.
supposed, that I am sanguine in the suc-
1. A very material, but gradual, di- cess of the measures that I have sug-
minution of the discounts afforded to gested, or that it would be practicable to
merchants, which may be extended again adopt all or even any of them. But still,
when cash shall have become abundant. I believe, that by making them public, it
2. A very great but gradual reduc- may be the means of eliciting a spirit of
tion in the number of notes issued by enquiry upon so important a subject
the bank.
amongst your learned contributors, some
3. The issue by government of a con- of whom may, perbaps, be led either to
siderable amount of Exchequer bills payº enlarge upon the hints already advanced,
ing 5 per cent interest, required at a or to overthrow the system altogether,
future time to be repaid, and made in- and substitute one that may be more
capable of being purchased by the bank. likely to benefit society. I am, &c.
This is intended to relieve the present
GEORGB SMITH.
wants of merchants and manufacturers
who have been accustomed to receive PORTRAIT OF ASPASIA.
discount from the bank.
BY MADAME DE STAEL.
4. The appointment of a committee IN delineating the characters of the
to enquire into the profits received by women of antiquity, and particularly of
the bank and the bank proprietors in Greece, a kind of painful embarrassment
consequence of the restriction of cash is experienced; we are charmed by their
payments; and if it appears too much and talent, and shocked at their moral con-
the sacrifice must fall somewhere, whe- duct. At that period of civilization,
ther or not as the evil originated there, celebrated women rarely merited both
it ought not to be borne by them, as it admiration and esteem, and, among the


1819.]
Sir H. Davy on the Herculaneum MSS.
417
ever, inspired him with her energy of to the Herculaneum MSS. having ap:
mind, and he acquired considerable peared in our former numbers* we feel
power in Athens. Several comic poets much pleasure in laying before our read-
of the age have accused Aspasia of hold- ers a letter on the subject, from that
ing a school of inmorality, of which, it eminent chemist, Sir Humphry Davy,
is said, she herself gave at once the extracted from the Quarterly Journal of
example and the precept. Perhaps the Arts and Sciences.
these imputations were excited by Having witnessed Dr. Sickler's at-
jealousy of her singular talents. At tempts to unrol some of the Hercula-
Paris, we have witnessed several ex- neum MSS., it occurred to me that a
amples of this kind, in women who chemical examination of the nature of
collected round them the most dis- the MSS., and of the changes that they
tinguished literary characters, and with had undergone, might offer some data as
out whom men of talent could not have to the best methods to be attempted for
enjoyed the pleasure of communicating separating the leaves from each other, and
with each other. But the ascendancy rendering the characters legible.
of Aspasia was of a different kind ; she My experiments soon convinced me
was admired as an orator, whilst in that the nature of these MSS. had been
France, speaking is merely a light and generally misunderstood; that they had
easy amusement. Aspasia possessed an not, as is usually supposed, been carbo-
influence over the nation at large, and nized by the operation of fire, and that
she could, as it were, communicate with they were in a state analogous to peat,
the whole of it; for the number of the or Bovey coal, the leaves being generally
citizens who composed the political state cemented into one mass by a peculiar
of Athens was extremely limited. The substance which had formed during the
Fine Arts flourished in Greece under fermentation and chemical change of the
every form; not merely eloquence, but vegetable matter composing them, in a
even the science of government was in long course of ages. The nature of this
spired by a kind of artist-like spirit, substance being known, the destruction
created by the manners and religion of of it became a subject of obvious chemi.
the Athenians. This universal power cal investigation; and I was fortunate
of the imagination afforded great sway enough to find means of accomplishing
Ito Aspasia, for she was intimately ac- this without injuring the characters or
ľ quainted with its secrets. To enjoy destroying the texture of the MSS.
life was in some measure a religious After the chemical operation, the leaves
duty of the Athenians, to renounce the of most of the fragments perfectly sepa-
world and its vanities is the virtue of rated from each other, and the Greek
! the moderns: it is therefore impossible characters were in a high degree distinct;
I to judge, on the same principles, two but two fragments were found in pecu-
| such different epochs in the history of liar states; the leares of one easily sepa-
human sentiments. A German poet has rated, but the characters were found
given the name of Saint Aspasia to a wholly defaced on the exterior folds, and
celebrated woman. It would, indeed, partially defaced on the interior. In the
be charming to combine all the magic of other, the characters were legible on such
the poetic worship of the Greeks, with leaves as separated, but an earthy matter,
that rigid morality which fortifies the or a species of tufa, prevented the sepa-
soul, and from which alone it can derive ration in some of the parts; and both
gravity and profoundness. Cyrus gave these circumstances were clearly the re-
the name of Aspasia to his mistress, sults of agencies to which the MSS. had
Milto, to express his admiration of her been exposed, during or after the vol-
graces and charms. Aspasia signified canic eruption by which they had been
the most fascinating of women, as did covered.
Alexander the greatest of heroes. To It appeared probable from these facts,
call a woman Aspasia, was to compare that different MSS. might be in other
her to some fabulous divinity ; for in states, and that one process might not
Greece, celebrated mortals were soon apply to all of them; but even a partial
confounded with the inhabitants of success was a step gained ; and my re-
Olympus, who so nearly approached the sults made me anxious to examine in
earth.
detail the numerous specimens preserved
in the museum at Naples. (Having ob-
SIR H. DAVY ON UNROLLING THE HER-
CULANEUM MSS.
November, 1817; January, March,
SEVERAL important papers relative May, 1818,
New MONTHLY MAG,-No. 65.
VOL. XI. 3H


418
(June 1,
Sir H. Davy on the Herculaneum MSS.
tained facilities for this purpose, the re- two confused heaps; in these heaps the
sult is thus stated.]
exterior MSS. and the exterior parts of
In this report I shall first consider the the MSS. must have been acted on by
circumstances under which the MSS. water; and as the ancient ink was com-
have been buried, and the agencies to posed of finely-divided charcoal sus-
which they have been exposed; from pended in a solution of glue or gum,
which it will be easy to account for the wherever the water percolated continu-
state in which they are found. This ously, the characters were more or less
state I shall next describe, and consider erased.
the means which have hitherto been em- Moisture, by its action upon vegetable
ployed for unrolling them, and the assist matter, produces decomposition, which
ance which chemical processes seem to may be seen in peat bogs in all its differ-
afford to the undertaking ; and I shall, ent stages; when air and water act con-
lastly, offer some suggestions as to the jointly on leaves or small vegetable fibres,
nature of the works which may be ex- they soon become brown, then black, and
pected to be found amongst these imper- by long continued operation of air, even
fect and mutilated remains of ancient at common temperatures, the charcoal
literature.
itself is destroyed, and nothing remains
An examination of the excavations but the earths which entered into the
that still remain open at Herculaneum constitution of the vegetable substance.
immediately confirmed the opinion which When vegetable matter is not exposed
I entertained, that the MSS. had not to moisture or air, its decay is much
been acted on by fire. These excava. slower ; but in the course of ages its ele-
tions are in a loose tufa, composed of ments gradually re-act on each other, the
volcanic ashes, sand, and fragments of volatile principles separate, and the car-
lava, imperfectly cemented by ferruginous bonaceous matter remains.
and calcareous matter. The theatre, and of the MSS. the greater number,
the buildings in the neighbourhood, are those which probably were least exposed
encased in this tufa, and, from the man- to moisture or air, (for till the tufa con-
ner in which it is deposited in the galleries solidated air must have penetrated
of the houses, there can be little doubt through it) are brown, and still contain
that it was the result of torrents laden some of their volatile substance, or ex-
with sand and volcanic matter, and de- tractive matter, which occasions the co.
scending at the same time with showers herence of the leaves; others are almost
of ashes and stone still more copious than entirely converted into charcoal, and
those that covered Pompeii. The exca- in these, when their form is adapted to
vation in the house in which the MSS. the purpose, the layers may be readily
were found, as I was informed by Monsig. scparated from each other by mechanical
Rosini, has been filled uy; but a build- means. Of a few, particularly the super-
ing, which is said by the guides to be this ficial parts, and which probably were
house, and which, as is evident from the most exposed to air and water, little re-
engraved plan, must have been close to it, mains except the carthy basis, the char-
and part of the same chain of buildings, coal of the characters, and some of that
offered me the most decided proofs that of the vegetable matter, being destroyed,
the parts nearest the surface, and, à for. and they are in a condition approaching
tivri, those more remote, had never been to that of the MSS. found at Pompeii,
exposed to any considerable degree of where the air, constantly penetrating
heat. I found a small fragment of the through the loose ashes, there being no
ceiling of one of the rooms, containing barrier against it as in the consolidated
lines of gold leaf and vermilion in an tufa of Herculaneum, has entirely de-
unaltered state; which could not have stroyed all the carbonaceous parts of the
happened if they had been acted upon Papyrus, and left nothing but earthy
by any temperature sufficient to convert matter. Four or five specimens that I
vegetable matter into charcoal.
examined were heavy and dense, like the
The state of the MSS. exactly coin- fragment to which I referred in the in-
cides with this view ; they were probably troduction to this report, a considerable
on shelves of wood, which were broken quantity of foreign earthy matter being
down when the roofs of the houses yield found between the leaves and amongst
ed to the weight of the superincumbent the pores of the carbonaceous substance
mass; hence many of them were crushed of the MSS., evidently deposited during
and folded in a moist state, and the leaves the operation of the cause which consoli-
of some pressed together in a perpendi- dated the tufa.
cular direction, and all of them mixed in The number of MSS., and of frag-


1819.]
419
Sir H. Davy on the Herculaneum MISS.
ments originally brought to the museum, peared to the persons who examined
as I was informed by M. Ant. Scotti, them more perfect than before.
amounted to 1,696; of these 88 have I did not think it proper to communi.
been unrolled, and found in a legible cate the details of my method to the
state; 319 more have been operated operators in the museum; for though it
upon, and, more or less, unrolled, and possesses great simplicity, yet it must be
found not to be legible ; 24 have been performed with care, and is a gradual
presented to foreign potentates.
process, and might be injurious in un-
Amongst the 1,265 that remain, and skilful hands, and ought to be executed
which I have examined with attention, by an accurate manipulator, and one ac-
by far the greatest number consists of quainted with the science of chemistry.
small fragments, or of mutilated or My only motive for deferring the public
crushed MSS., in which the folds are so cation of it has been the hope of render-
irregular as to offer little hopes of sepa- ing it subservient in a secure way, and
rating them so as to form connected upon an extensive scale, to an under-
leaves; from 30 to 120 are in a state taking which, without some such me-
which present a great probability of suc- thod, seemed a bequest to posterity or to
cess, and of these the greater number future ages.
are of the kind in which some volatile I brought with me to Rome some
vegetable matter remains, and to which fragments of Greek MSS., and one of a
the chemical process, referred to in the Latin MS.; and experiments that I have
beginning of this report, may be applied made upon them induces me to hope
with the greatest hopes of useful results. that a modification of the process just
One method only has been adopted in referred to will considerably assist the
the museum at Naples for unrolling the separation of the leaves, even when they
MSS., that invented in the middle of the are not adherent; and that another
last century; it is extremely simple, and modification of it will apply to those
consists in attaching small pieces of gold- specimens containing earthy matter,
beater's skin to the exterior of the MSS., where the letters are not destroyed.
by means of a solution of isinglass, suf- Every thing I have seen or done con-
fering the solution to dry, and then rais- firms my opinion, that the resources of
ing, by means of thread moved by chemistry are applicable, in a variety of
wooden screws, the gold-beater's skin, instances, to this labour; but it must be
and the layer adhering to it from the always recollected, that after the separa-
body of the MS.; this method of un- tion of the leaves, there must be great
rolling has the advantage of being ex- care, great nicety of mechanical opera-
tremely safe, but it is, likewise, very tion, and great expenditure of time, in
slow, three or four days being required preserving them, in attaching them to a
to develop a single column of a M$. It proper basis, in reading and copying
applies, likewise, only to such MSS. as them; for, in their most perfect state,
have no adhesive matter between the they become mere broken layers of car-
Icaves; and it has almost entirely failed bonaceous matter, upon which the char-
in its application to the class of MSS. coal of the characters is distinguished
which are found to have Roman charac. only by its difference in lustre or in
ters, and where the texture of the leaf is shade of colour.
much thicker. It requires, likewise, a Hitherto there have been no systema-
certain regularity of surface in the MSS. tic attempts to examine in detail all the
The persons charged with the busi- MSS. which contain characters, so as to
ness of unrolling the MSS. in the mu- know what is really worth the labour of
seum, informed me that many chemical unrolling and preserving ; but this clearly
experiments had been performed upon is the plan which it would be most pro-
the MSS. at different times, which as- fitable and useful to pursue. The name
sisted the separation of the leaves, but of the author has generally been found
always destroyed the characters. To in the last leaf unrolled; but two or
prove that this was not the case with my three of the first columns would enable
method, I made two experiments before a scholar to judge of the nature of the
them, one on a brown fragment of a work, and by unrolling a single fold, it
Greek MS., and the other on a similar might be ascertained whether it was
fragment of a Latin MS., in which the prose or verse, or historical, or physical,
leaves were closely adherent; in both or ethical. By employing, according to
instances the separation of the layers this view, an enlightened Greek scholar
was complete, and the characters ap- to direct the undertaking, one person to


420
(June 1,
The Eloquence of Silence.
superintend the chemical part of the radox by a few examples. Do you seek
operation, and from fifteen to twenty an assurance of your mistress' affection ?
persons for the purpose of performing The fair one, whose timidity shrinks
the mechanical labour of unrolling and from an arowal of her tender senti-
copying, there is every reason to believe ments, confirms her lover's fondest hopes
that in less than twelve months, and at by a complacent and assenting silence.
an expense not exceeding 2,5001. or Should you hear an assertion, which
3,0001. every thing worth preserving in you may deem false, made by some one,
the collection would be known, and the of whose veracity politeness may with-
extent of the expectations that ought to hold you from openly declaring your
be formed, fully ascertained.
doubt? You denote a difference of opi-
It cannot be doubted, that the 407 nion by remaining silent. Are you re-
papyri, which have been more or less ceiving a reprimand from a superior ?
unrolled, were selected as the best fitted You mark your respect by an attentive
for attempts, and were, probably, the and submissive silence. Are you com-
most perfect; so that, amongst the 100, pelled to listen to the frivolous conversa-
or 120, which remain in a fit state for tion of a coxcomb? You signify your
trials, even allowing a superiority of me- despicable opinion of him by treating
thod, it is not reasonable to expect that a his loquacity with contemptuous silence.
much larger proportion will be legible. Are you, in the course of any negotia-
Of the 88 MSS. containing characters, tion, about to enter on a discussion
with the exception of a few fragments, painful to your own feelings, and to
in which some lines of Latin poetry those who are concerned in it? The sub-
have been found, the great body con- ject is almost invariably prefaced by an
sists of works of Greek philosophers or awkward silence. Are you witness to
sophists; nine are of Epicurus, thirty- some miraculous display of supernatural
two bear the name of Philodemus, three power, the dread and astonishment with
of Demetrius, and one of each of these which you are impressed imposes an in-
authors, Colotes, Polystratus, Carniades, voluntary silence. Silence has also its
and Chrysippus; and the subjects of utility and advantages. And, Istly,
these work, and the works of which What an incalculable portion of domestic
the pames of the authors are unknown, strife and dissension inight have been
are either natural or moral philosophy, prevented; how often might the quarrel,
inedicine, criticism, and general observa- which, by mutual aggravation, has per-
tions on the arts, life, and manners, haps terminated in bloodshed, have been
It is possible that some of the celebrat- checked in its commencement by a well-
ed long-lost works of antiquity may still timed and judicious silence; those per-
be buried in this collection, but the pro- sons only who have experienced are
bability is, that it consists entirely of the aware of the beneficial effects of that
works of the Greek sophists and of Ro- forbearance, which, to the exasperating
man poets, who were their admirers. threat, the malicious sneer, or the un-
When it is recollected, however, that justly imputed culpability, shall answer
Lucretius was an epicurean, a hope must never a word. 2dly. There are not
arise with regard to the Latin works; wanting instances where the reputation,
but, unfortunately, the wretched and the fortune, the happiness, nay the life
mutilated appearance which they ex- of a fellow-creature, might be preserved
hibit (they are in a much worse condition by a charitable silence, either by the sup-
than the Greek works) renders this hope pression of some condemning circum-
extremely feeble: for no powers of che- stance, or by refusing to unite in the de-
mistry can supply lost characters, or re- famotary allegation, 3dly. To any one
store what is mechanically destroyed. who is anxious to pass for a person of
The Essay concludes with a specula deep reflection and superior understand-
tion on the works likely to be unfolded, ing, I would recommend to say but little;
and a just tribute to the Prince Regent, silence being considered by many people
under whose munificent patronage what as a certain indication of wisdom; and I
has been done has been done.
must myself confess, that I should prefer
the man who thinks much without speak-
THE ELOQUENCE OF SILENCE. ing, to him who speaks much without
HOW eloquent is silence! Acguies- thinking. Not that I would be sup-
cence, contradiction, deference, disdain, posed to be an advocate for habitual taci-
embarrassment, and awe, may all be ex. turnity. No one can better appreciate
pressed by saving nothing. It may be the delight derived from intellectual in-
necessary to illustrate this apparent pa. tercourse. Notwithstanding which, I see


1819.]
421
Evils of exquisite Sensibility.
daily cause to admire the truth and jus- the greatest endeavours and trial of skill
tice of that apophthegm, which says, " Of to cure : before attempting which, how-
much speaking cometh repentance, but ever, it may be most prudent and ra-
in silence is safety."
tional to inquire into its primary cause,
A. R. which will lead to the consideration of
the impressions received by the mind
THE EVILS ATTENDING EXQUISITE SEN. from external objects; and thence the
SIBILITY, AND THE SUGGESTION OF sympathy of that subtle fluid, which may
A REMEDY.
be called the thermometer of feeling.
A STUPID dulness and exquisite
That the mind assumes (if we may so
sensitiveness of feeling are extremes speak) the hue of the images presented
equally distressing: like the torpor which to it, is beyond doubt; a succession of
is induced in those climates much below gay or gloomy images will consequently
the animal temperature: or the burning produce corresponding impressions ;
fever shot from the malignant rays of å hence, (so nobly refined the mechanism,)
vertical sun, they are diseases the treat-
the subtle nervous fluid flows with a
ment of which is somewhat analogous to sluggish or rapid movement, giving like
that of the physical ones mentioned. vibrations to the nerves, which is the
All men must be conscious of the in- thinking substance-the source of feel-
fluence of one or the other of these dis- ing, and of its external indications.
eases in some degree; and fortunate it is,
The action then of the medium of sen-
when, from the strength and prompt
sations has been attempted to be explain-
operation of our noblest faculty, the in-
ed, from which it will appear, that if the
fluence is of short duration; since, then,
nervous fluid be kept in due motion,
it serves the best end, by giving man a
which is most likely to be effected by
brief but powerful lesson of his frailty,
a representation of images moderately
amidst the triumphs of his reason, and pleasing, the spirits will be equable and
all the gaiety of excited sensations. The more perm
more permanent. Thus, solitude, which
state of the one is negative-a secondary
is excess of retirement, is unfavorable
death, from the bare idea of which we
to the regular flow of the spirits: this
at once recoil with horror; yet it is not
is allowed by universal consent. The
the source of much uneasiness to those
total absence of agreeable images will
who are witnesses of its influence in
be followed by the same consequences
others, on account of the freedom from
as the presence of unpleasant ones. The
pain in such a state. Not so on the
mind will contract a sort of hebetude, or
other; here all is passion or suffering,
form most horrid associations-or, per-
made up, perchance, of the liveliest plea-
chance, will dream of delight which can
sures, but oftener of the acutest pains,
exist no where but in the elysiums of
which never fail to communicate a por-
fancy; and thus be continually the vic-
tion of their influence to those who he-
tim of disappointment. This is very
hold them. Patients under this malady
likely to be the case with persons of stu-
are continually experiencing disappoint-
dious habits, who form a partiality for
ment - imagination is powerful- and
sentiments imbibed from books, or form-
the bliss they pictured is a phantom,
ed from reflection in their closets; but
which,
which, alas! when they mix with men
they find turn to little or no account-a
Like the circle bounding earth and skies,
coin too valuable to answer the various
Allures from far, and, as they follow, flies.
and minute demands of every day. A
It is frequently the case, too, that mixture, then, of society and retirement
such persons enter company with the seems man's natural state, and the best
greatest desire to contribute and receive regulator of the spirits. Books and re-
their share of entertainment, when, fined speculations alone may for a time
alas! something indescribable shakes charm and improve the mind, but it in-
their resolution, blasts their hopes; and, voluntarily recurs to society to unlock
after a few hours of purgatory, they its treasures, to partake of its sympa-
leave, with the tormenting assurance thies; and, if it find none to welcome it,
of having been miserable themselves, to soothe its fatigues by the smiles of
and of having made others so. Now, love and the freedom of converse, it will
since this disease is so formidable, and either sink into gloom, or vent itself in
since many of the wisest and best of irritability,
mankind are exposed to it, it demands
J. C. PRATTEN.


[ 422]
(June 1, 1
line,
ORIGINAL POETRY.
SPRING, A POEM.
The shepherd's pipe is heard along the
plain,
From the German, of E. C. Von Kleist.) And slumbering echo wakens at the strain.
TRANSLATED BY H. E. LLOYD, ESQ.
Ye feeling souls enwrapt in wintry gloon,
YE bow'ring shades! within whose cool Whom no kind rays of cheering joy illon,
domain,
No more let painful doubts awake your sigts,
Unbroken silence holds her sacred reign, Nor fruitless sorrow swell your weeping eres
Receive my steps; and teach my voice to Leave dark revenge, pale envy, lowerie: 1
sing
(Spring.
pride,
The charms of Nature's face renew'd by Themselves to torture and with grief abide
And you, ye flow'ry vales, and meadows gay, The frowns of care, and sorrow's formal
Where sparkling rills in endless wand rings
(shise
stray;
Disgrace the face where youth and viste
The western gale that wantons where ye Come, taste the bliss that breathes in ern
bloom,
(perfume.
Shall soothe my senses, with your sweet Blooms in each grove, and sports in ever?
Where yonder misty hills to heav'n aspire, And ye, Spring's charning image, bloomt
The rural Muse shall tune her golden lyre:
fair,
The new-born beauties of the smiling plain, Fatal to beauty, shun the poisonous air,
Shall give fresh vigour to her rapturous That taints the gilded roof and crosdal
strain;
(song,
street,
(grei;
From east to west shall sound the cheerful And come where Echo longs your voice ti
And answering Echo shall the note prolong. Where Zephyr loves among your locks a
play,
Enthron'd ʼmidcrimson clouds, and crown'd Whether you dance amid the valleys gay,
with flow'rs,
Or near some cooling stream inclin'd to rest,
Attended by the ever-smiling hours, With fragrant nosegays deck your spotless
Daughter of Heav'n, young Spring her breast.
form reveals,
Here, on this hanging rock, whose gloomi
And nature all her genial influence feels.
brow,
(bcos;
From the high mountain rolls the wintry With its broad shade obscures the stream
snow;
Here will I, stretch'd beneath this waria;
Above their banks the swelling rivers flow;
pine,
The clouds o'erchargd, descend in pouring On the soft moss in careless ease recline.
rain,
Oh, what a smile of joy the prospect cheers!
And the brown deluge covers all the plain. What pure delight in all the scene appears!
With deep dismay the peasant views the The grazing herds, the hills, the tufted gror
scene;
And scatter'd hamlets; seats of peace and
But soon the western gale,with breath serene,
love.
The gloom dispels; the waters quit the mead, When every part such various beauty shers,
Within their mossy banks the streams re- On which shall first my wandering eyes
cede.
repose? --
Yet when returning night involves the plain, Here, when the rising gifts that Ceres vields,
Still-lingering Winter oft resumes his reign; In youthful beauty'deck the lessening fields,
Reluctantly retreating, angry flings
And intermix'd with flow'rs of various hue,
Keen frost and vapour from his hoary wings. In long perspective fade before the view
From Norway's pole he calls the loosend Or where the sweet wild rose, and soow
storms;
(deforms:
With thundering rage that nature's face The mossy slope of yonder bank adorn?
The storms obey. Prone fall the groaping First let them on the airy distance rest,
trees,
(seas. Where mighty Baltic spreads his spacios
And to high mountains swell the troubled breast,
But soon their force is spent; prolific gales Which as it trembles in the golden light.
Warm the soft air, and animate the vales. Dazzles with sparkling stars the aching
Woven with flow’rs and shrubs, and freshest sight,
green,
(scene, While like huge giants, tumbling o'er and
Thrown with wild boldness o'er the lovely
o'er,
(shore.
A brilliant carpet, of unnumber'd dyes, The waves beat high against the sounding
With sweet variety enchants the eyes.
Thick are the trees with leaves : in every Now Muse behold, on yonder wide-stretch'd
grove,
(to love.
plain,
The feather'd minstrels tune their throats The generous horses, loosen'd from the rein,
Bright Phoebus' ray salutes the sparkling Stretch their proud necks, and joyful stamp
streams,
(teems;
- the ground,
(resoppd.
With sweet perfumes the glowing æther While their loud neighings thro' the woods


1819.]
Spring, a Poem.
423
Led by the sober bull, the speckled cows, Gaze on those eyes, that beam with tender
Wade thro' the rushy stream that ripling fire,
flows
And happy in her circling arms expire!
By the farm house; to which a narrow way,
Skirted by trembling asps and willows grey, Ye to whom generous nations, free and
Meand'ring leads ; behind, a mountain high, brave,
Planted with fruitful vines, attracts the eye: With willing voice the rod of empire gave,
Part veil'd in rising mist eludes the sight, Oh, cease to turn, ungrateful and unjust,
The other part is cloath'd in purest light, Against themselves the weapons they entrust
Which as it gradual spreads its cheering Hear me, ye Princes! as your God ye fear!
rays,
(plays. Give to the ploughman back his patient
To the charmed eye the prospect wide dis-
steer:
Borne o'er the smiling plain on soaring
Restore the sickle to the injur'd swain,
wings,
And seek for riches on the briny main.
The early lark in rapturous warblings sings; In distant commerce court the fav'ring gales,
Her joyful notes the lab'ring peasant cheer, Let either India view your peaceful sails.
Who turns, well pleasd, to Heav'n his Those chosen few to well-earn'd honours
listening ear;
raise,
(blaze
Then bending, ploughs in dark-brown waves Whose midnight lamp with its resistless
the ground,
(around. Ilumes the earth. Search out the calm
While crows and magpies hov'ring fly
retreat
With measur'd step the sower treads the Far from th' intrusive bustle of the great,
plain,
Where, by the beams of native genius fir’d,
And liberal show'rs around the golden grain.
Some sage obscure, in silence lives retir'd.
Place him conspicuous in fair justice' court,
Oh, might the humble swain, who tills the The people's guardian, and the throne's
soil,
support,
(hear,
Reap for himself the produce of his toil! The proud shall tremble as his voice they
Might he whose labour trains the fruitful And weeping innocence his name revere.
vine,
(wine!
Enjoy, in well-earn'd peace, the generous
Ah! whither does my grief my footsteps
And might the trees his hands laborious tend,
lead?
(cede!
With fruit for him their loaded branches
Far from my soul ye gloomy thoughts re-
bend!
Come Muse, and let us view upon the plain,
But all-devouring War, with poisonous The cheerful household of the industrious
breath,
(death ;
swain.
Whose look is ruin, and whose voice is No columns here in Parian pomp arise,
Dark rage, and sickly famine in his train, No sculptur'd warriors strike the wond'ring
Blasts the fair prospects of the hapless eyes :
swain.
By art’s resistless magic hither led,
Like driving hail, by raging tempests borne, No stream reluctant leaves its distant bed.
Sweeps from the groaping earth the rising A lofty tree, that o'er his fathers' head,
corn;
(entwine, For ages back its sacred boughs has spread,
Roots up the tap'ring poles, round which Shades the neat house, which covering vines
The pliant tendrils of the amorous vine;
adorn,
(thorn.
Levels the woods, involves the towns in fire, Fenc'd by a well-cut hedge of flow'ring
Nor e'en the humble cots escape its ire. In the court-yard extends a fish-pond clear,
And all to please....... But whence those On whose bright surface other skies appear,
loud alarms ?
(arms; A boundless space; in whose expansive
Lo! every mountain gleams with glistening
blank
From iron mouths thick fiery clouds arise, The eye is lost. Upon the sloping bank,
And pealing thunders rend the vaulted skies; The hen, with ruffled plumes, and mournful
Torn mangled limbs are beap'd on ev'ry side,
tone,
(own;
And giant slaughter swells the sanguine Calls the young brood she falsely thinks her
tide;
Aoxious the little heedless things to save,
The eye of Heav'n involvid in gloomy night, From all the terrors of the fatal wave.
Turns from the impious scene its angry By instinct led, her voice they disobey,
sight.
And in the ripling pool delighted play.
Behold yon bleeding youth! behold him rest The long-neck'd geese, fierce bullying hiss
His head on some lov'd comrade's faithful
around,
(hound.
breast:
And from their young ones drive the curious
To stay life's ebbing tide he strives in vain,
And for awhile his feeting soul detain," A pretty, little, busy, bustling maid,
In hopes once more to view the lovely fair With her neat basket on her arm display'd,
For whom alone he feels the pangs of care; To give her feather'd care their daily food
From her lov'd lips to catch the cheering Runs thro' the yard, by all the train pursu'd.
breath,
death; She stops : and waving now her empty hand,
Whose power can soothe the bitter pains of Delights to tantalize the greedy band;


424
Spring, a Poem.
(June 1,
flow'r.
Now as at once the show'ring grain she Like brilliant stars, arrang'din splendid row,
sheds,
(heads. The proud auriculas their lustre shew.
They peck, and scramble o'er each others' The jealous bird now shews his swelling
In his dark hole the snow-white rabbit lies,
breast,
And watchful rolls around his fiery eyes. His many-coloured neck and lofty crest;
The cooing pigeon leaves his woody nest, Then all at once his dazzling tail displays,
Adjusts with crimson foot his changing On whose broad circle, thousand rainbows
breast,
blaze.
Where all the rainbow's various colours The wanton butterflies, with fickle wing,
bloom,
(plume: Flutter round ev'ry flow'r that decks the
And smooths with stroking bill each ruflled
Then seeks his mate upon the topmost roof, Then on their painted pinions eager haste,
While she, in jealous anger keeps aloof. The luscious cherry's crimson blood to taste,
But soon he hears the soft relenting fair, Which skilful industry had bid to grow,
Who fondly calls him; then the happy pair, On the rude stem of an unfruitful sloe,
Together spread their airy wings on high, which wond'ring at a race till now unknown,
And o'er the blooming garden hov’ring ily. Adopts with joy, and nurses as her own.
Let me, ye tender doves! with eager sight The image of content and easy grace,
Thro' the fair scene pursue your wand'ring See the blest mistress of the lovely place,
flight.
(air! Sitting at work in yonder viny bow'r,
How sweet the garden! and how fresh the Forms on the snow-white lawn the mimic
The gold-hair'd Zephyr loves to wander
there.
With fond endearment there a cherub boy,
Sportive he flies to Heav'n with clouds of The grace's darling, and his mother's joy,
flow'rs,
(show'rs. Sweet interrupts her work with infant
Then throws them back to earth in glitt'ring c harms,
(arms,
By seamen here from distant climes convey'd, And round her hangs with little clasping
No wild exotics spread their barren shade; The while his sister, some regard to claim,
No foreign weeds obscure the darken'd pane, Climbs on her knee, and smiling lisps her
But useful beauty satisfies the swain.
name.
This shady walk, of fruitful nuts compos d, Thrice happy race! whom no dark cares
Above my head in arching verdure clos'd,
Shews thro' its long alcove the azure sky
oppress,
No envy or ambitious thoughts distress
Thro' which the clouds in shapes fantastic Obscure and silent fly your peaceful hours.
(o'erspread, Like murmuring streams that glide through
The fields, the sea, the vales with shrubs
beds of How'rs,
And far beyond, the tow'ring mountain's Let others, of such vain distinctions proud,
head.
A sight of wonder for the pointing crowd,
O'er the wide scene once more I cast my eye,
In the all-dazzling car of triumph ride,
To call it back where nearer beauties lie.
Drawn by huge elephants in Indian pride;
Who thus, o tulip! thy gay-painted breast
Let others see their living statues rise,
In all the colours of the sun has drest?
Adord by kneeling slaves with timid eyes :
Well could I call thee, in thy gaudy pride,
He only boasts of Heav'n's peculiar care,
The Queen of flow'rs; but blooming by thy Who lives from human strife, and folly far:
side
(adora, Who by the
Who by the stream in gentle slumber lies,
Her thousand leaves that beams of love Cheerful awakes, and singing, greets the
Her throne surrounded by protecting thorn,
skies.
And smell eternal, form a juster claim,
For him Aurora spreads her rosy veil,
Which gives the heaven-born rose the lofty For him the meads their soft perfumes ex.
name,
hale;
Who having slept throughout the wintry For him at eve, in sadly pleasing strains,
storm,
(smiling form. The softly pensive nightingale complains.
Now through the op’ning buds displays her No pangs of conscious guilt his bosom rend,
Between the leaves the silver white-thorn Whether thro'waving corn his steps he bend,
shews
Or in the valley view his flocks at play,
Its dewy blossoms, pure as mountain snows. Or in the vineyard pass the hours away,
Here, the blue hyacinth's nectareous cell, Withabour sweeten'd is his homely food,
To my charm'd senses gives its cooling Light as the æther, his untainted blood,
smell.
His peaceful sleep is softly chas'd away,
In lowly beds the purple violets bloom,
By early zephyrs at the dawn of day.
And lib'ral show'r around their rich perfume.
Unlike vain boasters, insolent and loud, Oh, in these scenes by peace and virtue drest,
The truly great thus shun the admiring Might I at length in calm retirement rest! -
crowd;
Exempt from vain desires, and pure my
Content in peace to cherish virtue's flame,
mind,
For virtue's sake, and not in hopes of fame. And all my sorrows scatter'd to the wind !
See, how the peacock stalks yon beds beside, My grief-worn soul might heavenly DORIS
Where ray'd in sparkling dust, and velvet
cheer,
. (tear!
pride,
And from my cheek soft wipe the trickling


1819.)
Spring, a Poem.
425
(vail,
h
Might friendship there her balmy influence Let me enjoy the good that Heav'n has sent,
shed,
(dead, Nor vex my soul, on future ills intent.
And from the tombs where sleep the awful Let me retire to some sweet-scented grove,
The voice of Wisdom from her throne sub- Where happy peasants whisper tales of
lime,
(of time,
love,
(trees,
Burst through the cloud and rend the veil Where nightingales complain among the
Then to proud India's Lord, I'd glad resign Or falling waters echo in the breeze,
The sands of Indus, or Golconda's mine. Woven by nature's hand, ye solemn shades,
Ye lonely bow'rs which no rude step invades,
Oh Heaven! thou source of joy, and bliss, Ye mazy paths, where contemplation reigns,
and love,
(prove? And heavenly rapture swells the glowing
Say, shall I ne'er thy cheering influence
veins,
As choaking weeds obscure the flow'ret's Where tranquil joy, and musing peace pre-
bloom,
Inspiring scenes ! your lov'd retreats I hail!
Say, shall eternal woes my life consume ? In you what tender feelings fill the soul !
No : thou hast bless'd thy work; hope's What sweetly pensive thoughts the mind
gentle strain
(pain.
controul !
Consoles my heart and soothes the sense of Soft glides the breeze the playful boughs
The gloom disperses; beams of light prevail,
between,
(green.
And dark futurity withdraws her veil. That charm the eye with their cool, waving
Visions of bliss! Before my wond'ring eyes, And where the grove less thick its branches
Far other scenes, and unknown plains arise !
weaves,
From rosy bow'rs in never-fading charms,
The sun with liquid gold adorns the leaves.
My long-lost DORIS comes to bless my Here on the gliding zephyr's dewy wings,
arms.
Each blossom'd sweet its nectar'd fragrance
With such a step majestic Virtue treads,
brings.
Such radiant smiles divine Contentment In the deep hollow of the silent glade,
sheds.
Where thicker shrubs the gentle slope o'er-
As to the lyre she tunes her tender lay,
shade,
Thro' the thick clouds bright Phæbus darts Seated on beds of flowers the shepherd
his ray,
(sound, m
swain
(the strain
The storms are hush'd, Olympus hears the Tunes his sweet pipe; then stops to hear
And zephyr wafts the mellowing tones Sound thro' the grove, then tremble o’er
around.
the glade,
(fade.
Behold my Gleim to Hæmus' top aspire,
Till faint, and fainter still the dying echoes
And wake to notes of joy the Teian lyre. His goats along the walls of rugged stone,
Lo! Heav’n’s eternal portals open wide; By yellow moss, and bitter thorns o'er.
And borne on golden clouds in dazzling pride grown,
Love and the Graces, and the Cyprian queen, Advent’rous climb, nor sense of danger feel,
Descend to animate the smiling scene:
As on the edge they pick their scanty meal.
And, as in notes divine they cheerful sing, The spotted deer, and stags with antlers
Thro' Heav'n's high vaults the rapturous
crown'd,
(bound;
echoes ring!
Rush thro’ the yielding shrubs with rapid
O pair beloved, whence all my comforts And as they scud o'er streams, and groves,
flow,
and plains,
(mains.
By Heaven bestow'd to sooth a life of woe, of their light footsteps not a trace re-
Come! with your presence cheer your long- Now Spring's resistless voice that love in-
ing friend,
spires,
Jo your fair train let Joy and Peace attend. Wakes in the generous horse its ardent Aires.
The flow'rs to greet you sweeter incense The secret influence swells his beating veins;
fling,
(Spring! With madd’ning speed he flies across the
And brighter beauties crown the radiant plains,
His loose dishevell'd mane and streaming
tail,
Was it a dream? or vision of the sky, In wild disorder float upon the gale.
Whose magic power deceiv'd my waking The trembling earth resounds beneath his
eye?
feet,
(heat;
Yes, they are fled; the heav'nly prospects His swelling nostrils foam with generous
fade;
(invade. From the high bank into the rapid Hood
And gloomy cares my heaving breast Furious he leaps to cool his raging blood;
Yes; 'tis too much, I cry, to ask from fate, Flies up the rock that overlooks the vale,
Ju the dark wand'rings of this mortal state. Loud neighs with out-stretch'd neck and
In expectation only, man enjoys;
snuffs the gale.
He nurses hopes which sober truth destroys; The heavy bulls with fires unusual burn,
And soon he learns this transient life to Against the earth their furious horns they
know,
turn.
A soene of fancied bliss, and real woe. Hid by the dust they raise, they madly roar,
Away ye fruitless cares! why strive to pry, And fiery clouds from their huge postrils
Into the secrets of futurity ?
pour
New Monthly Máq. - No. 16. Vol. X1. 31


426
Spring, a Poem.
(June 1,
Some mournful low, concealed in gloomy But should her careless mate of fought
caves,
(ing waves,
aware,
Some climb the rock, some seek the cool- Fall in the bird-catcher's deceitful snare,
From the deep cavern in the nountain's side, Who in the linden shade himself conceals,
The impetuous torrent pours its roaring Nor pity for his bopless captive feels,
tide
Ah! then no more in cheerful tones ske
Into the vale below; with mighty force
sings, .
Tears up the banks and trees that check its But trembling flies around on Anxious wings,
course;
Thro' vale, and field, and grove, low mur.
Rends the bared roots, which on its surface muring cries,
tost
And sighs of anguish from her bosom rise.
Now rise, and now in hills of foam are lost. Then with fatigue and hopeless grief bell
The shady grottoes tremble all around, · dead,
ing trend
Echo the woods, the hollow caves resound. Into the hedge she falls, and drops her siis
The hare affrighted, flies with rapid pace, The bloody image of her murder'd male,
The warbling birds disturbed forsake the Then hov'ring round her wails his hapless
place
fate.
That drowns their song; and seek some In weaker tones her plaintive accents die,
quiet grove,
(love, And her poor heart half bursts at every
Where to deserve their beauteous partner's sigh :
The rival males the beachen shades among, The neighbouring mountain and the shrubo
In sweet contention pour their eager song.
vale,
Now while I listen to the amorous lay With pity moved repeat the mournful tale.
Cease thro' the grove thou western breeze What sound was that, that from this mod-
to play,
dering oal,
(broke:
Flow soft thou bickering stream along the Stript of its branching honours, murmure,
plain,
Was it some bird that makes its dwelling
Let no rude sound disturb the tender strain!
here?
In chorus full, ye feather'd warblers join O r did illusive fancy cheat my ear?
My soul to ravish with your notes divine! No, 'twas not faney; see where flattering
Hark! they begin! to the symphonious DOW,
sound,
(sound. A varied ring-dove from that hollow boogh,
The shadowing oak, and lofty beech re- Skims o'er the plain, and looks with searcb-
Soft floats the strain along the silent glade,
ing eye,
And well-pleased Echo lends her willing aid. Where on the ground the wither'd branches
The piping bullfinch, and the linnet grey, Selects, and takes with careful bill the best,
Pour from the alder top their varied lay. And back returns to build his woods nest.
The painted goldfinches delight to sport, Who thus the tenants of the wood hes
Hopping from shrub to shrub; and oft
taught,
(thoughs,
resort
To build their nests with such prophetic
Where in the hedge the downy thistle Hid in the deep resesses of the grove
blooms :
(plumes. What secret influence fills their souls wich
Light flows their song and varied as their love?
Concealed in shades obscure, in mournful
strains,
From THEE, dread ruler of this world be
The siskin of his cruel mate complains.
(hor!
Perched on the lofty elm, with powerful Father in Heaven supreme, all blessings
throat,
(note. With equal glory is thy hand display d,
The deep-toned blackbird tunes his cheerful in the small bird that hops amid the shade,
Far off retired in some sequesterd dell, As where in Heav'n thy awful pow'r bekare,
Where chill despair, and pining sorrow
The wond'ring angels tremble and adore !
dwell,
As much to praise Thee grovelling works
Where veil'd in thicker shade night shudder-
conspire,
ing fled,
As dazzling seraphs borne on wings of fire
When fair Aurora raised her dewy head, A vast and boundless sea! whence all thiep
The little nightingale, whose pride disdains
came;
The unworthy contest, pours her rapturous Thou! only thou! for ever art the same!
strains.
The stars o'er Heav'n's eternal champaign
Oft where beside the ozier'd pool's dark
strewn,
bed,
(ing head,
Beams of the glory blazing mund thy throne!
The mournful willow hangs its droop- Thou bid'st the storms be still : the stores
When in the wind the waving branches play
obey :
To call her mate she tunes her tender lay. Thou smit'st the hills; and lo! they belt
In thousand various tones, now soft and low, The restless sea, that with impetuous roat
Mildly she bids the gentle numbers flow. Bursts thro’ the rock and sweeps the sandy
Now, as his skill some wise musician tries,
shore,
In rapid wild transition bids them rise, Thy glory speaks : the angry stores de
Til loud and deep, tho' full of sweetness still
(poke
The silent vale, and listening grove they fill; With flaming lightnings winged from polet
low,


1819.]
Spring, a Poem.
427
While guilty mortals tremble as they gaze, Then to their wicker dwelling eager haste,
In deep-mouth'd thunders sound their In the warm corner of the garden placed.
author's praise !
So virtuous sages leave their native home,
Trembling with awe, the echoing groves de- In search of truth, thro’ distant climes to
clare
roam ;
Thy mighty pow'r : along the fields of air, Then back return with wisdom's precious
The blazing slars, that move in endless
spoil,
round,
(sound! And give to us the produce of their toil.
In Heavenly tones thy wondrous name re- In the bright stream that flows along the
Father of Heav'n and Earth! what mortal
mead,
Man,
(scan? A lovely island rears its verdant head;
Thy works shall number, or thy wisdom The trees and shrubs, with intermingled
On wings of wind let finite spirits soar,
charms,
(arms.
Pursue the lightning's flash, the thunder's in sweet confusion twine their meeting
roar;
Bright shines the hip, in glowing stars
Explore the secrets of the flaming deep,
array'd,
Or o'er ten thousand thousand ages leap; Beneath the elder's or the quince's shade :
- As little shall they know the mighty plan, The scented juniper, its head displays,
As the first moment that their search began. Close by the spreading palm, or victor
Cease then, my muse! thy trembling voice bays.
to raise,
(praise ! Around the branches of the briar rose,
Let more appropriate silence meditate his Its clasping arms the luscious woodbine
A stream of rich perfume, which zephyr
throws;
brings,
And as in close embrace their blooms they
From yonder blooming mead on airy wings, wreathe,
Calls me to turn my eager footsteps there, In kisses sweet the mingling odours breathe.
And in deep draughts inhale the scented The snowy thorn o'erhangs the crystal tide,
air.
And views with secret joy her blooming
SPALDING and Hirzel! ye to wisdom dear,
pride.
Whose presence winter's gloomy frown
can cheer;
Ye lovely scenes! that purest joys impart,
From whose lov'd lips soft streams of joy That calm the soul, and soothe the fainting
distil,
heart,
That with unknown delight my bosom fill : Oh, may the heat that yet uncool'd by rain,
Come to my side, and make the lonely dell, Since winter fled, has parch'd your thirsty
A place where angels might delight to dwell. plain,
Come! let us Flora's smiling offspring Which now, for want of genial moisture
view,
sighs,
Observe their loves and richly varied hue : Be quickly temper'd by the fav’ring skies !
Let lis, with flow'ry garlands crown'd, de Ere in its unabating rage it spoil,
ride,
Your smiling charms, and mock the peasant's
Tho'ray'd in Tyrian dye, the sons of pride.
Sing virtue's charms, and let your numbers Thou, gracious Heav'n! withhold thy gifts
flow,
no more,
(pour!
Soft as the gales thro’ rosy bow'rs that blow. And on the earth thy fresh’ning influence
Here the mild graces sport upon the green, It comes! it comes ! the clouds are swelled
And calm contentment loves the artless with rain,
(plain.
scene.
And soon the genial flood shall bless the
Here by the sparkling stream, bright rap Its welcome harbinger, the western breeze,
ture roves :
Soft murm’ring plays, among the whispering
Here the gay blossoms deck the shady groves.
trees ;.
A thousand various habitants adorn
Along the vale with rustling pinion flies,
The beauteous scene. On long bare legs And bends the waving corn. Dark mists
high borne,
arise,
The eager stork deep wades into the flood, And hide the bright haird sun; a solemn
To seek among the weeds his fishy food.
veil
Before the idle boy, with piercing cries, Extends its thickning shade o'er hill and
To draw him from her nest, the lapwing
dale.
flies..
The silver circles on the water's plane,
Now to deceive him, see her lameness feign In waves distinct announce the viewless
And fit with drooping wing along the plain,
rain,
Till having led him from her young ones far, And quicker as the copious drops descend,
She soars aloft, and joyful cleaves the air. Like net-work, now, the crossing eddies
The speckled bees soft murmur thro’the air, blend.
Explore the flowers and shrubs, with nicest Scarce can the thickness of the alder wood
care;
Afford me cover from the impetuous flood.
And as they suck the nectar hang below, The birds that hill'd the place with songs of
Like drops of dew, that in the moon-light love,
glow: . . .
Are now conceal'd within the silent grove.
toil.


428
(June 1,
Memoirs of Sir John Leicester, Bart.
In thronging circles press'd, the woolly Behold how lovely shine the gems of rain,
sheep,
Like sparkling diamonds on the glittering
Beneath the linden shade for shelter creep.
Air, plains, and hills are all deserted quite, How hanging on the flow'ring shrubs they
Save where the twittering swallows wing
blaze,
(rays.
their flight,
And dart beneath the leaves their silver
And rapid skim the surface of the lake, The plants refresh'd, their flow'rs to Heav'a
With eager bill their insect prey to take.
disclose,
The mist which late o'er all the scenes re- As grateful for the good its hand bestows.
posed,
Hail! ye lov'd scenes once more! still let
As if fair nature's eye in night were closed,
mankind,
Is now dispers'd: amid the sparkling skies, In your retreats content and pleasure find.
The falling waters greet the dazzled eyes When driv'n by malice and oppressive
In shining drops, before the solar ray
pride,
(guide.
That gradual melt, then vanish quite away. From courts and towns, to you my steps I
Bright shines the plain adorn’d with sweeter Still may the fow'ry mead, and shady grove,
flow'rs,
(how'rs. The friends of innocence and virtue prove.
As Heav'n had raised once more fair Eden's May the soft gales amid your bow'rs that
Again at eve the veiling clouds are spread,
blow,
And o'er the fields their liberal tribute shed. Oft bid my heart with tender joy o'erflow!
All nature now in softest charms is drest, Oh ! may the great Creator, whose command
The sinking sun, that hastens to the west, Sheds countless blessings on the smiling
Where the green hills their fruitful heads land,
(warm,
display,
Who bids the rain descend, the sun-beam
Adorns their summits with his golden ray. Still let me celebrate your soothing charm!
The mighty raiobow, Heav'n's eternal sign, Inspired with holy awe, his praise prolong,
With stride majestic lifts its forms divine; While rolling spheres re-echo to the song!
Its giant limbs o'er earth and ocean rise, And when at length my years approach their
And its proud head high tow'rs above the end,
(scend,
skies.
When to the grave my hast'ning steps de-
Oh, thou! whose powerful Muse's heavenly Then may I see in you, my sorrows cease,
strains,
(dom reigos, And close, at length, my stormy life in
Resound on Aar's sweet banks, where free-
peace!
Whose songs have made the Alps that prop [It was our intention to have prefaced this
the skies,
beautiful poem with a Memoir of the Author,
Immortal trophies to thy honour rise; but we must defer it till our next, for want of
Oh, with thy tints divine, the scene adorn, room, it being thought most desirable to
In all the splendor of the rising morn! give the poem entire in the present Number.]
MEMOIRS OF SIR JOHN LEICESTER, BART.
(WITH A PORTRAIT.)
WE have not, in this instance, to ex- Kingdom; and, a distinguished branch,
cite the attention of our readers, by the the Burnes of Cabinteely, is possessed of
march of armies and the pompous de- large estates, in the vicinity of Dublin.
scription of battles and sieges, but with After a due course of school education
scenes of a milder character. The gen- he was received as a student in Trinity
tleman, who is the subject of these me- College, Cambridge, where he took his
moirs, has been long an object of public degree of Master of Arts. He early ma-
distinction on account of his zealous en- nifested a talent for drawing, and received
deavours to promote the Arts, which the instructions of several teachers. Of
mark the highest refinement of a civilised these, a person named Marras, was suc-
people, and constitute the noblest einbel. ceeded by Thomas Vivares, a son of
lishments of peace. Sir John was born Francis Vivares, the celebrated landscape
, at the hereditary seat of Tabley House, engraver, and afterwards by Paul Sund.
· within two miles of Knutsford, in Che. by. Under their instructions he ac-
shire, and he is the son of the late Sir quired some practical facility, but formed
Peter Leicester, Bart. of Tabley, and a free and tasteful manner of drawing
great grandson of the celebrated antiqua. landscapes, with a pen and ink and it
rian of the same name. His second broad wash of Indian ink or bistre, by
christian name is derived from the ancient studving from nature.
family of the Flemings, at Rydell, in When of age, he passed some time in
Westmoreland, to whom he is related by travelling on the continent, and visited the
the maternal line. He is paternally de- most remarkable parts of France, Flan-
scended from the old Irish family of the ders, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, and
Burnes, who were Baronets in the Sister Spain. Like other young men of rank



Fnaravet by Hory Maurer udler sir I shur Reunolets
SIR JOHN FLEMING LEICESTER, BART
1:49:32 Hite Pasion Bopu. Pag..
Prabhshet 'une 1.1519, by Hennu
Iburn cordon
street


1819.)
Memoirs of Sir John Leicester, Bart:
429
and fortune, he mingled in the gaieties of and other most beautiful public buildings,
the first circles, and took his full share of the collections of the Cardinals and Nobi-
the reigning amusements; but he found lity; and drew from the ruins and fine
leisure to obtain a competent acquaintance prospects in the neighbourhood of the
with the manners and customs of the dif- city, together. The pleasure and advan-
ferent countries; and to examine the na- tages of such an intercourse, on classic
tural and artificial curiosities, public ground, may be fairly appreciated; and
buildings, and most celebrated produc- the two Baronets travelled together for
tions of painting and sculpture. He some time.
made drawings of the most romantic With a fine taste improved by a due
views, in a slight, bold, and painter-like examination of the best works of art on
manner, retaining the character of the the Continent, and with all the tempta-
scenery with much spirit and success. tions and opportunities of purchasing
His facility and sense of the picturesque ancient coins, medals, gems, pictures,
and beautiful, tempted him to a frequent statues, and every species of real or pre-
use of the pencil; and his folios were tended antiques, Sir John returned to
gradually filled with views of those places England, without a collection. But he
where he had passed some of the most brought with him that high polish, which
delightful hours on his travels. At Na- distinguishes an Englislı gentleman, who
ples, Florence, Rome, and Venice, by his travels without prejudice, moves in the
attention to the Opera he acquired a deli- highest society, and sees much to admire
cate taste for all the refinements of Ita- in the manners and customs of other
lian music. But his natural good ear and countries, without abating his affection
sensibility enabled him to discriminate be- and reverence for his own. His love of
tween that impassioned expression, which travelling induced him to revisit the Con-
is the finer sense of all the imitative arts, tinent more than once afterwards; and,
and the mere artifices of composition, the in these tours, he spent some years before
rapid dexterity of finger, or compass of his entrance into public life at home.
voice, which are the technical means or Sir John was courted in the world of
instruments. The mastery of difficulties fashion, on account of his various ac-
in execution without that enthusiastic complishments, his happy flow of spirits,
feeling, which gives the composer and his disposition to be pleased, and his
performer a command over the sympa- talents in pleasing. He excelled in field
thies of an audience, is as a lifeless body, sports, and, after his trial of skill with
separated from the spirit.
Colonel Richardson of the Guards, and
The ear is but the portal to the heart,
with the Duke of Richmond, in the pre-
Where Art, divorc'd from Nature, knocks
sence of the Prince of Wales, he was ac-
in vain.
knowledged to be the first shot of the day.
The utmost power of bravura alone, His taste for the Fine Arts, the splendor
only commands our admiration ; it ex- of his equipages, the beauty of his stud,
pires in the ear, like an envoy, who dies and his high style of life, were leading
in the porch of a palace, without deliver- topics of conversation, and of notice in
ing his message to the inhabitant within the public journals. His rank and ele.
Sir John's taste in music is divested of gant demeanor introduced him to the
pedantry, pure and refined ; founded on brilliant circle of the Prince, and his
the nature of the science and directed by lively conversation, the fund of anecdotes
his heart.
gleaned on his travels, and his unclouded
But while the Baronet cultivated his temper, rendered him a favorite. He
taste and strengthened his passion for the was a member of the Harmonic Society
Fine Arts, by a comparison of the works with his Royal Highness, hunted with
and styles of the great Painters and him, and was his frequent visitor as
Schools, he was not so hurried away and Kempshot.
blinded by an enthusiasm for celebrated He entered Parliament as the friend
names and ancient excellence as to con- of the Prince, but independent of all
ceive a prejudice against the Artists of party aid, and was, upon principle, a con-
his own time and country. At Rome stant supporter of his Royal Highness
he had the good fortune to meet among during the three successive sessions that
other English Gentlemen with Sir Rich- he sat in the House. Without affecting
ard Colt Hoare, Bart., and their mutual the bustle or eclat of a leader, his parlia-
love of the Arts led to an acquaintance, mentary conduct was marked by firmness
which strengthened into a friendship for and consistency; but his suavity softened
life. They visited the eminent painters the asperity of political opposition, and
and sculptors, the Vatican, St. Peter's, gained him the esteem of contending par-


1819.]
Memoirs of Sir John Leicester, Bart.
.431
several noblemen and gentlemen collected Englishman would yet have been touched
the chef-d'euvres of the old schools with with the effort, and the patriotic design
a classical taste and sound judgment, yet would have been entitled to the grate-
very many purchasers of refuse, of faded ful remembrance of England.”
copies froin indifferent originals, and of “ But what are our sensations, when
undoubted originals, which had no other we perceive that encouragement alone
clain but the rust and rotteness of cen- was wanting to fix the just pretensions
turies, affected the name of connoisseurs; of an English School ? When we find
to direct the public taste, and to pro- that the collected labours of our own
nounce sentence of condemnation on the artists, like the admired works of former
works of every English painter. There times and distant countries, can add
is no prejudice of folly or fashion, that splendour to the splendid and wealth to
has not a sort of fraternity to keep it in the wealthy? The distinctive talents of
countenance, and to oppose the advance each artist have been consulted in the
of a better spirit. The Auriculenti, choice of their works, and the collection
who rejected the evidence of their eyes, forms one of the most gratifying specta-
and decided upon the merits of works of cles which even London can boast."
art not by the beauties or defects, which (The Artist, May 30th, 14017.)
they saw, but by the collateral evidence But the public spirit of the first
of their ears, and by the tales of wonder, PATROX, who had “ DARED to set the
which were reported of them, were oferample of an English Gallery," was not
this deterinined class. They were not con- immediately influential. Even the ad-
tented to despise the works of their coun- mission of one or two English pictures
trymen themselves, but they endeavoured into an established collection was still a
to keep up and propagate their own Anti- matter of singularity. Mrs. Opie, in the
British spirit, and to wage an envious war life of her husband, published in 1807,
on all, who ventured to doubt the correct- mentions the placing the head of Mi-
ness of their taste or the justice of their randa, painted by that artist, in Sir John
practice. Instead of feeling a pride in Leicester's Gallery, thus:-“I should
the fame of a British artist, they dreaded regret that it was the property of any
the advance of the British school, as a one but myself, did I not know that Mr.
depreciation of their own old collections, Opie rejoiced in its destination, and were
in reputation and market value. There I not assured of its being placed in
are not many, who have the courage to THAT RAREST of SITUATIONS, a gallery
be the FIRST to take the field against consisting CHIEPLY of modern art, dounge
such a formidable combination. Never- honour to the genius, who painted, and
theless, Sir John boldly stepped forth, the amateurs who admired it." Mrs.
and his manliness upheld him against Opie herself did not then dare to think
the cold surprise and supercilious condem- that Sir John Leicester's gallery con-
nation of the prejudiced aud tasteless. sisted not chiefly but whollij of British
His fine feeling and correct judgment pictures ; and it was, therefore, a some-
directed the choice of pictures and artists, thing still inore extraordinary and rare,
and he persevered for years with un- if we may use an extra-superlative, than
shaken firmness. The sound sense of what was then deemed “ the RAREST of
Englishmen at length began to approve situations."
his public spirit; and even some, among Sir John Leicester, without affecting
those who considered his attempt hope to contemn the taste of any other gen-
less, learned to admire the constancy of ticman, pursued his own manly resolu-
his pursuit. In the publication called tion, and gradually formed that fine col-
The Artist,"' we find the following ap. lection in his splendid mansion of Tabley
plausive notice, under the head of “ Gál. House, in Cheshire, and in his gallery
lery of English Paintings belonging to at Hill Street, which has attracted the
Sir John Leicester, Bart."-"Sir Jous attention of the public, and spread the
LEICESTER is the first PATROX, who, fame of the British school to Paris,
in a country abounding in artists and Rome, and Vienna.
teeming with excellence, HAS DARED to The whole length portrait of Sir John,
SET THE EXAMPLE of an English Gal- in Tabley House, was begun by Sir
lery, formed on a costly and extensive Joshua Kleynolds shortly before his death.
plan bitherto considered due to the It was obtained from his executors, and
works of foreign schools only. Had such Mr. Edmund Burke's receipt for the pay-
a collection fallen short of the hopes of ment is in the baronet's possession.
the founder, or had it fechly vied with the Northcote was employed by him, to
painters of past ages, the heart of an paint in the horse, and finish some parts


432
Memoirs of Sir John Leicester, Bart. (June 1,
of the back-ground, as they appear in the Liverpool. A pleasing stippled print
mezzotinto print. That veteran artist has just been published by Meyer, from
was one of the first to whom he gave a the Proposal, by Harlowe; and the same
commission. Owen, Thompson, Ward, engraver has now, nearly finished, a mez-
Turner, and Calcott were the next in zotinto, from the beautiful whole length
succession. Sir Thomas Lawrence paint of Lady Leicester, in the character of
ed bis splendid whole length figure of Hope, by Sir Thoinas Lawrence,
Hope, now in the Hill Street Gallery, The discouragements under which en-
froin Lauly Leicester. Collins has painted graving struggled for many years during
bis most important landscape, as a com- the late war, had produced a decline in
panion for the superb view on the Arno, the spirit of that branch of the arts.
by Wilson; and Hilton painted his noble The export of prints to the continent
composition of the Europa, for Sir had almost wholly ceased, and the line
John: the latter was the first commis- engravers were principally emploved in
sion for an historical picture, which he executing plates for the booksellers, from
obtained in the whole course of his prac- the drawings of Fuseli, Stothard, How.
tice. This artist has, also, this day sent ard, Sinirke, Uwins, Burney, and other
home to the Hill Street Gallery, nearly tasteful designers. In this class the Bri-
finished, a story of the Mermaid, from tish artists rivalled their competitors on
Burnes's poems. As a laudable contrast the continent, and produced an abund-
to idleness and quackery, it may be ne. ance of brilliant small prints; but only
cessary to notice, that this is the nine- a few occasional historical subjects on a
teenth historical picture, which Mr. Hil- large scale were engraved, and they were
ton has painted and exhibited, with the chicfly undertaken by subscription, and
highest tokeus of public approbation and executed from pictures painted for the
professional honour, since he entered purpose of temporary trading specula-
the Royal Academy, as a student, on the tion. There were some exceptions by
4th of January, 1806.
Sharpe, the Heaths, Bromley, the elder
The collection consists, at present, of Schiavonetti, and a few other eminent
many more than those which are exhi- artists; but the line engravers stood in
bited; but there are seventy hung up great need of support. To sustain this
in thie grand apartments of the town and valuable branch of the arts, Sir John, in
country residence. These may be sepa- the spring of 1810, took the lead in the
rately enumerated as the works of de establishment of a Calcographic Society.
ceased and living British artists. Of the He introduced some eminent engravers
former, there are five by Sir Joshua to the Duke of Gloucester, who, with his
Reynolds ; four by Opie ; three by Rom- usual frankness and spirit in whatever
noy; two each by Wilson, Hoppner, and relates to the public advantage, felt an
Gainsborough ; one each by Coates, Bar. immediate interest in the proposition ;
ret, Sir F. Bourgeois, Ibbetson, and gare it his warm support, and, in co-
Harlowe. The tine picture of the Ara- operation with Sir Jolin, after sereral
lanche was painted by Loutherbourgh, meetings, succeeded in arranging the
when a naturalized resident in England plan of that association. On the 16th
and a member of the Royal Academy in of May, 1810, the resolutions, which con-
London. The numbers by living British stituted its rules of practice and system,
artists, are nine by Northcote, six by were adopted at the Clarendon Hotel.
Turner, four by Ward, three each by The Duke of Gloucester, the Marquis
Owen, Thompson, and Garrard; two of Stafford, the Marquis of Douglas and
each by West, Fuseli, Calcott, Hilton, Clydesdale, Earl of Dartmouth, Sir John
and Collins; and one each by Sir Tho. Fleming Leicester, bart., Sir Mark
mas Lawrence, Shee, Sir William Becchy, Sykes, bart., Sir Abraham Hume, bart.
Howard, Devis, Atkinson, B. Barker, B. M. P., Sir T. Barnard, Wm. Smith, esa.
Hoppner, and Williamson, the younger, M. P., S. Whitbread, esq. M. P., J. P.
of Liverpool. Prints in mezzotinto bave Anderdon, esq., and Thomas Hope, esq.,
been published from a considerable num- were appointed the committee of ma-
ber of the paintings. Some more have nagers for conducting the affairs of the
been executed with much taste and spirit society. Sir John Fleming Leicester
in line engraving and dotting, for that was appointed the treasurer, and several
very elegant work Britton's Beauties of thousand pounds were raised. The plau
the British School. Hoppner's Sleeping was printed in a small duodecimo tract of
Female has been recently engraved in the 15 pages, and widely distributed. A great
line manner, with much merit, by Smyth, good was likely to have resulted from it,
an engraser of considerable promize in in advancing the interests of line engrar.


220
4.33
1819.)
Memoirs of Sir John Leicester, Bart.
ve
*
ing, although it was not exclusively con- portrait is among the beauties at Hamp-
fined to that branch -- when, unfortu- ton Court, answers so closely to Lady
Dately, a misunderstanding arose, a party Leicester, that we insert it here from
spirit ensued, and the whole fell to the Sir Peter Leicester's Antiquities, written
ground, in spite of his Royal Highness's in 1667:-“This Eleanor is a person of
strenuous efforts, and those of Sir John such comely presence, handsomeness,
Leicester, to reconcile the difference. sweet disposition, honour, and general
The society was dissolved, and their repute in the world, that we have not
money returned to the subscribers. seen her equal." A fine portrait of
On the 10th of November, 1810, Sir this Lady Eleanor Byron, nearly a
John entered the married state ; and we whole length duplicate of that at Hamp.
find this record of the circumstance en- ton Court, and attributed to Sir Peter
tered in a Sunday Journal* of the next Lely, is among the family pictures at
day: “ Married, yesterday, in the paTabley House.
lace of Hampton Court, by special li By this marriage Sir John has had
cense, that DibTINGUISHED PATRON Op two sons, George, the elder, named after
BRITISH ART, SIR John LEICESTER, the Prince Regent, his god-father, and
BART., to GeoRGIANA MARIA, young- William, named after bis god-father his
est daughter of Lieut.-Colonel Costin, Royal Highness the Duke of Clarence.
and god-daughter to his Royal High In the spring of 1818, the zealous spirit
NESS The PRINCE OP WALES; a young of Sir John projected a new mode of ad-
lady, whose loveliness of person and sin- vancing the interests of modern art.
gular accomplishments at the age of six- The Marquis of Stafford and the Earl
teen, are the themes of universal pane of Grosvenor, with a laudable intention,
gyric." This lady, whose outward had opened their galleries of pictures by
graces are even surpassed by the graces the old masters, to public inspection, on
of her mind, has been so admirably re free tickets of admission, some years be
presented in the character of Hope, by fore. By this liberal accommodation,
the pencil of Sir Thomas Lawrence, that they not only contributed to diffuse a
the visitors of the gallery are well ac- passion for the fine arts, but they im-
quainted with her lovely figure, and the proved the public taste, and rendered
lively expression of unaffected sweetness their visitors familiar with the select
in her features. The artist happily de- productions of the best masters. These
picted her ladyship in that character, noblemen thus prepared the way for
whose form is the radiant emblem of all modern art; because persons of true
that is more nearly allied to heaven in taste and correct judgment will prefer
mortality, and whose smile is the mute a work of excellence, painted by one of
eloquence of brilliant youth and inno- their contemporaries, in the living light
cent vivacity. He had not to call in the of whose fame they inay be said to walk
flattering aid of his imagination. The and hourly participate, to compositions
pure reality, the fairest excellence of na- of no higher merit, executed by the
ture stood before him. The beauty of deud, of whose well-earned celebrity they
Lady Leicester is not, alone, a tincture of are the proud inheritors and zealous
complexion, the lustre of a sparkling guardians, but with whose persons, pas-
eye, or the freshness of a vermeil lip. It sions, and interests, they can have nei-
is not merely an angelic exterior, inha- ther ocular nor tangible sympathy
bited by an uncourteous and earthly neither social nor kindred communion.
spirit. The beauty of her countenance We mean here, and in the subsequent
is the unclouded light of the soul, the remarks, only, that works of art ure to
gentle virtues shining from within, and be valued according to their merits, not
diffusing a charm over all her looks and according to their age; with an impar-
actions. The epithet in italic, in the tial reverence for the best performances
following lines, from an unpublished of the ancients and moderns. We justly
poem to Health, on her late illness, is appreciate the victories of Cressy and
perfectly applicable :
Poictiers, but they affect us only through
Far, far from her, pale Sickness chase! the general and remote medium of his-
0, power henign! thy sway resume ! tory. On the contrary, we live, as it
And on her soul-illumined face,
werc, in close and warm contact with
Again let smiling beauty bloom.
the triumph of Waterloo ; our hopes
The description of Lady Eleanor Brand fears were committed on the for-
ron, one of Sir John's ancestors, whose tune of that battle; we bold converse
with its heroes, and feel a personal in:
* See Examiner, November 11, 1810. terest in their good fortune and glory.
NBW MONTHLY MAG.-No. 65,
3 K


434
Memoirs of Sir John Leicester, Bart.
(June 1,
The moment men have broken through his gallery of English pictures, it was
the prejudices of anti contemporarianism, laughed at, by some, as a folly, unde-
they will feel and reason in this manner, serving of public attention, and cen-
froin the nature of things, and not from sured," by others, as an imprudence,
erroneous and anti-British notions, with which inust produce unfavorable com-
respect to the Fine Arts and artists. parisons. But the Baronct, who, when
The British Institution, by exhibiting England was wholly over-run by
the works of a few deceased British these foreign errors, had been the first,
artists, had done great good. But still like another Alfred, to rear the stand-
no amateur afforded a similar display to ard of undivided patronage in behalf
English pictures, in his own mansion; of native genius, was also, the first to
and this circumstance of their being ex- unfurl the banner for her on this oc-
cluded from equal domiciliary honours, casion, and to give her a dignified share
with the works of the old masters, con- in the honors of his household. He
tributed to strengthen the prejudice adopted the plan of a free admission, by
against modern art. Too many, un- tickets to his gallery on one day in each
thinkingly, drew an inference that their week, in April and May, 1818; and the
exclusion, which arose from pusillani. 6th of April, in that year, the day on
mous and false views, was a proof of which he opened his gallery, in Hill-
their want of merit. It was clear, that street, to the public, formed a memo-
so long as they continued to be excluded, rable epoch in the history of the British
they must remain subject to this asper- School. The effect, in London, was in-
sion. But the difficulty was to find a describable. It increased on each after
gentleman of rank and fortune, possessed day of the exhibition, and the general
of a collection of English pictures, and enthusiasm, which seized upon all the
with publie spirit and courage enough to upper classes, rapidly spread the name
set an example in their favor. It would of Sir John Fleming Leicester, and the
have been easy to have borrowed English fame of the British School, through
paintings from different noblemen and the empire, and was felt upon the conti-
gentlemen, and to have made an exhibi- nent, as a revolution in the taste of the
tion of them on free tickets of admission, most powerful nation in the world.
in some private gentleman's house. But But still the works of the old masters
this plan, beside its resemblance to the possessed another decided advantage, in
fable of the daw ih borrowed feathers, the aid of the press, wbich possesses the
was liable to defeat the salutary object most powerful moral influence on so-
of an exhibition of English pictures; ciety. Almost every public writer, who
because it would enable any hasty, pretended to the name of a connoisseur,
well-meaning individual of rank and for- made it a practice, even when writing on
tune, to gratify his vanity cheaply, and other subjects, if he adverted to the Fine
acquire the name and short-lived popu- Arts, to dwell on the excellence of the
larity of a patron, without expending a old schools, and heap a thousand-times-
guinea in the purchase of English pic- repeated praises on their celebrated pic-
tures to encourage native genius. But tures. The lives of the old masters were
even this empty shew of countenance, written with superlative applauses; their
was not attempted or so much as names were extolled as the synonimes
thought of. A gentleman of rank, of transcendant genius, and engravings
who, like Sir John Fleming Leicester, were multiplied after their paintings. All
has employed his fortune, with a pub- these efforts, when directed by a gene-
lic-spirited munificence, in the purchase rous spirit of truth and justice, were
of a collection of English pictures, does benefits to society, and deserving of ap-
a good by exhibiting them in his own plause. We, ourselves, share in the ge-
house. He is entitled to the name of a nuine enthusiasm for the illustrious dead;
patron, and his erample excites others to but our enthusiasm, being founded in a
purchase and exhibit the works of their just sense of their genius, only renders
countrymen ; but any borrowed exhibition us more zealous advocates for the genius
of English pictures, in a private house, of our living countrymen. On the con-
must be injurious to the Fine Arts, tinent, literature had a large share in ex.
by enabling a barren mockery, however citing a love of painting, and diffusing a
commendable for its good intentions, to correct taste. On the contrary, in Eng-
usury the place of a real and liberal land, literature, during nearly a century
patronage. Such was the force of false and a half, had waged a fanatic war
thinki; y, that when Sir John Leicester against the fine arts, as heathenish and
first mentioned his idea of exhibiting damnable inventions ; and even after the


1819.)
495
Memoirs of Sir John Leicester, Bart.
press had ceased to persecute them as an to make a common cause with the ina
idolatry, the conductors of the periodical sulted genius of their country.
publications had long continued to keep Sir John Leicester was fully sensible
up a prejudice against English pictures, of the good effect produced on the con-
as inferior or valueless works of art. tinent, by the practice of publishing cri-
They had only within a few years, since tical and descriptive catalogues of private
the foundation of the Royal Academy, galleries and cabinets of paintings. Ca-
begun to admit something of an occa- talogues of this class had long existed
sional notice of English works of art into abroad; and not only had contributed to
their pages. But, as if painting and confer celebrity on works of art, but by
sculpture were frozen up, and torpid in raising their estimation, had greatly rais-
our climate, for ten or eleven months in ed their value. They had, also, assisted
the year, and only in a state of anima- to elucidate the principles of composi-
tion for the remaining few weeks ; the tion, and to diffuse a sound taste and love
notices in the periodical publications, of the fine arts, wherever they had been
were chiefly confined to the short season published. In England, a very few de-
of the annual exhibition at Somerset scriptive catalogues of private collections
house, and were, too frequently, vague of old pictures had been published, in
or written with Anti-British and anti- the course of the last century. Besides
contemporarian prejudices. Editors, these, Boydell, aware of the immense
who deemed it a merit to load their co- moral influence of the press, published
lumns with minute, tedious, and hacknied a descriptive catalogue of the Shakespear
verbal criticisms on poems and plays, Gallery, and owed a main portion of the
written in English, and addressed to sale of the engravings to that important
English readers, deemed it quite enough aid. MACKLIN, and some other pub-
to crowd a whole exhibition, of many lishers, followed his example with suc-
hundred paintings by living British ar- cess. Some judicions descriptions of
tists, into a cold flippant paragraph of this kind were published in Britton's
twenty or thirty lines, and this brief no. Beauties of the British School, a work,
tice was too frequently mingled with which, in the selection of pictures, and
contemptuous praise and unmerited cen- execution of the engravings, reflects
sure. The inconsistency and injustice credit on the spirit of the proprietor.
of this was more glaring, because paint- But still, notwithstanding these salutary
ing, as a mute art, not understood by efforts of commercial speculation, no
many, and laboring under heavy discou- private collection of pictures by English
ragements, was more liable to be misin- artists, had been deemed worthy of that
terpreted, and stood more in need of honor. Sir John, who had been the
detailed criticism, illustration and gene- first to form a gallery of English pictures,
rous aid, than any species of written and the first to open that gallery to the
English composition, which speaks a lan- inspection of the educated mind of Eng.
guage understood by every English rea- land, was, also, the first English gentle,
der. The exclusion of critical remarks man of rank and fortune, who called in
on the works of British artists, was ex- literature to do justice to the British
cusable, .where writers and editors were school, in the distinct form of a critical
not conversant in the subject; but the and descriptive catalogue of an English
most coarse and illiberal attacks on the gallery, the private collection of an indi-
productions of native genius, were gene. vidual. His liberality was as conspicuous
rally written by persons, who sought to in this, as on other occasions. He took
hide their ignorance, by affecting a the preliminary steps for carrying the
fastidious severity of taste, and passing plan into execution in March, 1818; and
sentence of condemnation, in an insult- intended to have accompanied the de-
ing tone of arrogant self-opinion. The scriptions with outlines, tastefully etched
same censors, who never mentioned the by Moses, but that excellent artist was
works of the old masters, but with super- so fully employed, he could not under-
latives of ignorant praise, rarely men- take the series in time. After several
tioned the performances of their living plates had been etched by another en-
countrymen but with the superlatives of graver, it was found that the proposed
ignorant censure. It is only within a number could not be completed, without
few years, and in certain instances, that a delay of the publication for many
a better spirit has arisen in the capital, months; and the design of accompany-
and that some writers in the public jour. ing it with etchings was wholly laid
nals, in noticing the annual exhibitions, aside. The author of the Critical De-
have possessed taste and spirit enough, scription of Stothard's painting of the


436
Memoirs of Sir John Leicester, Bart.
[June 1,
Canterbury Pilgrims, and that of West's pictures on the ensuing Monday; and
Death on the Pale Horse, had the honor we are happy to say, that no public dis-
to be selected for this delicate and impor- play of pictures, by the old masters in
tant task. He had the additional honor this country, in our memory, ever occa-
of being aided by the best abilities of sioned so deep or general a sensation as
Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart. the classic that of the gallery this season. The en-
cal and tasteful friend of Sir John; and thusiasm, if possible, exceeded that of
the work, a royal octavo, of 152 pages, the preceding year. Instead of the
was published in March last. A few English, Scotch and Irish crossing the
copies were presented to some illustrious sea to visit the collection in the Louvre,
personages, and public bodies, and ac- and return with Anti-British feelings, the
knowledged in most honorable terms. direction of admiring taste and curiosity
We subjoin the following official reply was proudly reversed. Visitors from
from the Royal Academy, as it so justly Scotland, Ireland, and the Continent,
expresses their grateful sense of Sir journied to inspect the gallery of English
John's patronage of native genius. pictures in Hill-street, and retired with
Royal Academy, a higher sense of England's glory in
Sir,
15th April, 1819. their breasts. This was, indeed, the
The President and Council desire to ex- employing of his fortune as a public be-
press their acknowledgement of the favour nefactor, to a national purpose. It was
you have done them, in presenting them an overthrow of prejudice-a great pub-
with a Copy of the Catalogue of your Col- lic good effected-ii revolution worthy
lection of Modern Pictures, a document
of Sir John's generous spirit and perse-
which they have great pleasure in deposit-
ing in the library of the Royal Academy.
vering exertions. We have seen natives
The prejudices, which have so long ob-
of Italy, Germany and France, and re-
structed the progress of paintior in this mote Aslatics in their proper costume.
country appear to be giving way before the
mingled in the same assembly with some
liberality and discernment of its present pro-
of the most distinguished characters in
tectors, but the PRESIDENT and Council the united empire, on those memorable
feel that lo NO ONE is the art so much IN- Mondays of exhibition. An instance of
DEBTED as To You, Sir, who have been exalted feeling in a British artist, occur-
The first to open an extensive gallery of red on one of those occasions, which it
modern native works to public inspection, would be unpardonable to pass in silence.
and they trust that so truly patriotic an ex. Mr. Henry Bone, the royal academician,
ample will excite emulation in others, and
lead to the establishment of the British
and painter in enamel to the king and his
School.
Royal Highness, the Prince Regent, be-
The President and Council beg to assure
ing among the visitors, was struck with
you of their high and grateful respect.
a sense of the high-minded principle on
I have the honour to be,
which the pictures were collected, with
Sir,
the salutary change in public opinion,
Your very obedient humble servant, and the exhilarating prospects of the
Henry HowARD, R. A. Sec. British school. Warmed, as it were, by
To Sir John Fleming Leicester, Bart. an atmosphere of enthusiasm, he ap-
During the whole of the summer, proached Sir John Leicester, and begged
while the catalogue was in progress, Sir to have the honour of presenting him a
John spared no expense to re-open the specimen of his performance," in token of
gallery, with a proud display of British his early, zealous, and continued patron-
genius, early this season. We speak of age of British art." Sir John was af-
facts within our knowledge, when we fected by a proof of feeling so honourable
state that this zealous patron, with a to the giver and receiver, and subse-
princely muuificence, has expended nearly quently accepted the gift with reciprocal
two thousand guineas in making addi. warmth. This superb enamel is nine
tions to his collection, and other encou- inches high and seven wide, and worth
raging efforts, within the last sixteen or two hundred guineas. The subject is
seventeen months. The gallery was “A Peasant Girl," in a landscape, co-
opened on the 15th of March, and con- pied from the admirable picture by
tinued open every Monday, exceptiny Gainsborough, in the possession of Lord
one, until the 17th of May, when it de Dunstanville. This act, which is
closed for this year. The interruption commemorated by a suitable inscription,
was occasioned by the sudden illness of in gilt letters, on the frame of the ena.
Lady Leicester, but the delight of her mel, places the character of Mr. Bone,
ladyship's recovery brightened every as a man, in a high point of estimation,
countenance, at the exhibition of the and was the more honourable as it was


1819.]
437
Memoirs of Sir John Leicester, Bart.
perfectly disinterested. Sir John never gallery to beat down an anti-British preju-
collected enamels, and, of course, had dice, last season, reached our shores, in
never been the patron of Mr. Bone ; common with those of the Continent; but it
but that artist, with a true public spirit,
was felt with more force in Ireland, because
felt that the fine arts in this country are
of the kindred associations which endear
patronised in the patronage conferred on
you to that people ; and because, also, there
each of their sons, and that every Bri-
the love of the Fine Arts is connected with
the love of country, and mingled with a
tish artist is favoured and encouraged,
thousand mournful recollections. Genius,
by the favour and encouragement be-
depressed by neglect and discouragement,
stowed on each of his professional bro. is doomed, amidst the prodigal endowments
thers. How noble is that benevolent of nature, in the birth-place of Burke, of
principle which, in the breast of Mr. Sheridan, and Curran ; of Moore, of Shee,
Henry Bone, causes that gentleman to of Grattan, and Wellington ; to linger in
feel himself elevated in the elevation of obscurity, without hope, without patronage,
others! What a contrast to that envious or fame. Our Barrys, our Barrets and
spirit of individuality, which sickens at
Treshams, are under the hard necessity
the praises of others, and seeks to raise
of abandoning the land of their fathers, to
seek, in exile, a field for the display of their
itself by the degradation of all who are
genius, and to contend among strangers
its competitors for patronage and glory! for those honours which are its most pre-
We conclude this article with the in- cious reward.
sertion of a letter to Sir John from Ro The splendour of your liberality and pa-
bert Lucius West, esq. the Director of triotism afforded a striking contrast. It ap-
the Dublin Academy for the study of peared to our amateurs, like the cheering
the human figure and historical design. light of morning, dawning on a distant har-
It was written in reply to a polite note bour, to mariners in the darkness of a storm;
from the Baronet, with a present of the
and the same desire, which urged so many
descriptive catalogue of his collection, and
strangers to visit London, impelled me to
affords some faint specimen of the ef.
cross the sea, to behold in your mansion, the
private sanctuary in which the genius of Bri-
fervescence excited, among the visitors
tish painting first found protection, and was
of the gallery, from the sister island, by
consecrated as a participator and minister of
Sir John's public spirit,
the national glory. Your gallery afforded
London, 14, Villiers'-street, Strand, another refutation of the false notion, that
May 8, 1819.
owing to some defect in the climate, English-
Sir,
men were incapable oi excellence in the
I received, with a grateful sense of ac- Fine Arts. I can, now, form a fair estimate
knowledgment, your descriptive Catalogue of your powerful influence on public cpi-
of the Pictures of British Artists, in the nio'. by the deep impression on my own
splendid collection, at your residence in mind, wbile I stood in that centre of beauty,
London and Cheshire, written by Mr. Wil- fashion, and intellectual attraction, which
liam Carey. Your distinguished taste and art and nature had contributed to embellish.
rank as the early vindicator of native genius The interest produced by the chosen spéci-
and patron of the British school of painting mens of the British pencil, and by the ele-
would render this elegant gift a source of vated principle, on which they were dis-
pride, if presented by you to the most es- played, was heightened by the affability of
teemed of your friends; but there are ad- your attentions; by the grace and loveliness
ditional circumstances, which enhance this of one part of the spectators, and the public
spontaneous mark of your kindness to an character of others. A number of eminent
Irish artist, on a transient visit to this coun- persons, who were, before, only known to
try. The records of Ireland, and the page me by name, and their celebrity in the arts
of English history, trace your Irish lineage and sciences, in the senate, the cabinet and
and the rank of your ancestors in Eng- the field, met in the same crowd, and joined
land; thus your house exhibits an emblem in congratulation. The spectacle was ren-
of that union of the two nations, which dered more extraordinary by the presence
combines in one commanding array, the in- of visitors of distinction, from the remote
spired imagination, quick scorn of danger parts of Persia and India, assembled, in
and fiery energy of the one, with the lofty their proper costume, lo contemplate the
sedateness, persevering enterprise, and in triumph of British genius; and to bear
vincible courage of the other. My warm back to the distant world, the remembrance
hearted countrymen, proud of the Irish and the boast, of having seen and conversed
blood which tlows in your veins, have given with its munificent patron. Believe me,
you a place in their affections, as a bro Sir, I too shall bear with me to Ireland, the
ther; and they claim, by right of copsan same boast and proud remembrance. The
guinity, a share in the national honour, honor of an introduction to you; the frank-
derived from your public spirit. The en ness of my reception; your valued gift,
thusiasm excited by the opening of your that volume, which contains the description


1819.] Journal of a Route across India, through Egypt, to England. 430
back, in India, but they do not make any (certainly quicker than any other cavalry ia
figure in history till the year 1761, when the world,) enabled them generally to evade
they assisted the Mahrattas, at the bat. pursuit. Having no tents or baggage, they
tle of Paniput, which was nearly de-
could, at a moderate calculation, Inarch one
structive to that empire. With the re-
hundred miles in two days, three bundred
in a week, and five in a fortnight: but when
vival of the Mahrattas, particularly in
pushed for time, or by circumstances, they
the aggrandisement of Dowlut Rao
moved inconceivably faster. From the hor-
Scindiah, and Holkar, the Pindarries
rid scenes of human misery which they con-
also, rose into force ; and no wonder, tinually conteni plated, and in which they
since they receive into their community were actors, they became cruel and sanguin-
all disbanded soldiers, who are too dissiary in the highest degree; and, hardened to
pated to return to habits of peace, after all commiseration, they never scrupled as
having been habituated to war and plun-
to the means by which they procured money.
der. The collective territory of the
When they sacked a village, they put the
Pindarries, at the period when the Eng-
inhabitants to various tortures, to force them
lish government deemed it necessary to
to discover their little hoards; and giving
loose to their sensual appetites, ravished the
take the field against them, was situated
women, often punishing with death those
to the north of the river Nerbuddah,
who offered any resistance. They had even
extending from the west of the posses-
so far extinguished the feelings of men, as
sions of the ruler of Sorger, along its on some occasions, with a demoniac fury, to
banks, to the north of what little country cut off the women's breasts; and it was not
remained to the Newab of Bopaul. It's an unusual practice to cut off the hands of
length was a hundred miles, and its children, as the shortest way of procuring
breadth, including the Punj Mehals, in
the bracelets from their arms."
some places, forty miles.
“ Each man furnished himself and horse
- These lawless wretches consisted of
with provisions during the expedition, trust-
almost every sect of Hindoos and Mahome-
ing much, of course, to what might be
tans in India, and from their vicious feelings
found; and what they did not consume in a
and habits, they received with open arms
village, they generally destroyed, and not
every disbanded soldier, disaffected subject,
uncommonly burned the houses : indeed,
many of their excesses appear to have been
needy adventurer, or criminal flying from
without any other motive than a malignant
justice, who directly became Pindarries.
spirit of destruction. But to give at once
The history of the world cannot produce a
an idea of the dread which their approach
more diabolical association; they fattened on
inspired, it will only be necessary to state a
the miseries of others, and laid whole King-
single example. At the time of their inve-
doms under contribution. As soon as the
sion of Guntoor, the inhabitants of a village
river Nerbuddah became fordable, generally
called Ainavole, rather than encounter their
in November (which river alone presented
well-known cruelties and persecutions, una-
a berrier to them from June to October,)
nimously resolved, with a firmness and reso-
and the Khereef, or Autumn harvest, was
lution not unusual amongst the Hindoos, to
off the ground, they sallied forth to rob both
sacrifice themselves and their families; and
friends and foes, and their rayages extended
when their resistance was proved to be una-
many hundred miles from their homes,
vailing, they performed the joar, by setting
where they left their wives and families
fire to their habitations, and perishing them-
guarded by their infantry. But previous to
selves, with their wives and children, in the
1812, it had only been the country of our
flames, in one common funeral pile. This
allies which suffered from their depreda-
noble and exalted instance of honourable
tions. In that year they plundered part of
sentiment loudly called on us to annihilate,
the province of Mirzepoor, and threatened
with an avenging sword, the detested cause
the town of the same name, one of the great-
of so high-minded a sacrifice."
est commercial marts in our dominions,
which, situated on the Ganges, receives from
As to the native courts, nothing could be
the south the merchandize of the European expected from them for the eradication
market, and of Bengal, and from the north of this growing evil, even though their
the produce of Cashmeer, the Punjab, and own subjects were the sufferers by its
Hindoostan; and supplies these to our own existence; and it is a matter of ques.
provinces, the provinces of the Newab Vi tion, whether most of them indeed did
zier, and of the Mahrattas through Bozul not rather wish to encourage the Pin-
cund. In 1816, they fell upon the province
darries than desire their extermination,
of Guntoor, and the state of wretchedness
in which the sufferers were left, from the
looking upon them as a disposable force,
destruction of their property, and the inhu-
ever ready to enter into their service. On
man crueity of the invaders, is said to have
all accounts it became policy, to say no-
exhibited a picture of the most consummate
thing of humanity, on the part of the
misery that ever was witnessed."
British government, to coerce or cut off
"The velocity with which they moved these savage free-booters for the security


440 Journal of a Route across India, through Egypt, to England. (Jane 1,
of our native subjects. This was done, necessarily taken of the religions, manners,
and as the Mahratta confederacy formed and customs of so many nations, and from
the nucleus on which these Pindarries his having observed the number of different
rested and gathered continually a new
modes of addressing and worshipping the
accession of force, the termination of
Supreme Being, he naturally turned to his
own faith with an unprejudiced mind, found
that union effected in the same campaign
same campaign it perverted from the religion of the Vedes
may be considered as the greatest ad-
to a gross idolatry, and was not afraid,
vance ever made towards the complete though aware of the consequences, to pub-
renovation of India. We have hereby lish to the world, in Bengalee and English,
taught the inhabitants to look up to us his feelings and opinions on the subject.
for protection, and if their gratitude is Of course he was fully prepared to meet
improved, on our part, by a moderate the host of interested enemies, who, from
exercise of power and a respect for their sordid motives, wished to keep the lower
institutions, the advantages will be reci. classes in the state of the darkest ignorance.
procal and the connexion permanent.
I have understood that his family have
But, unfortunately, there is an itch
quitted him ; that he has been declared to
have lost caste, and is, for the present, as
for proselytism so prevalent at this day,
ay: all religious reforiners must be for a time,
as to excite well-grounded alarin that a mark to be scoffed at. To a man of his
what has been gained by wisdom and sentiments and rank, this loss of caste must
valour may be lost by enthusiasm and be peculiarly painful : but at Calcutta he
indiscretion. Much has been said in associates with the English. He is, how.
England, at least, on the extensive field ever, cut off from all familiar and domestic
presented for the labours of missionaries intercourse, indeed from all communica-
in the east, but if we are to credit the tion of any kind with his relations and for.
mer friends. His name is Ram Mohun
reports of persons, who have had the
best opportunity of witnessing the fact,
et Roy. He is particularly handsome, not of
nothing has been done to warrant the
a very dark complexion, of a fine person,
expectation of an abundant harvest.
and most courtly manners. He professes
There has never been, to my know- but refrains from it in order not to expose
to have no objection to eat and live as we do,
ledge," says the present writer, “an in- himself to the imputation of having changed
stance of any Hindoo of condition or caste bis religion for the good things of this
being converted to our faith. The only world. He will sit at table with us while
conversion of any kind, if it can be called so, the meat is on it, which no other Bramin
that has come within my observation, was will do. lle continues his native dress, but
that of a high-caste Bramin of one of the keensa carria
keeps a carriage, being a man of some pro-
first families in the country, who is not only
perty. He is very desirous to visit Eng-
perfeatly master of the Sanscrit, but has
land, and enter one of our universities,
gained a thorough acquaintance with the
where I shall be most anxious to see him,
English language and literature, and has and to learn his ideas of our country, its
openly declared that the Braminical religion
manners, customs, &c."
is in its purity a pure deism, and not the
gross polytheism into which it has degene-
We are well aware of the observation
rated. I became well acquainted with him, which an ardent zealot would make upon
and admire his talents and acquirements. this curious instance, but pregnant as
His eloquence in our language is very great, the subject is of reflection, we must sup-
and I am told that he is still more admirable press remarks and content ourselves
in Arabic and Persian. It is remarkable with extracts.
that he has studied and thoroughly under- Thouerh the entire route of the author
stands the politics of Europe, but more par was rendered extremely critical and dan-
ticularly those of England : and the last
time I was in his company he argued forci-
gerous, being through a hostile country,
bly against a standing army in a free coun-
he indulged a laudable spirit of inquisi-
try, and quoted all the arguments brought
tiveness, and suifered no object to escape
forward by the members of the opposition. his notice that was worthy of enquiry.
I think he is, in many respects, a most ex- The Caves of Ellora, particularly the
traordinary person. In the first place he is great excavation, called in Sanskrit, by
à religious reformer, who has, amongst a way of distinction, Keylas or Paradise,
people more bigoted than those of Europe engaged much of his attention, and he
in the middle ages, dared to think for him. has acccompanied his very acurate and
self. His learning is most extensive, as he lively description with a ground alon
is not only generally conversant with the m
In the examination of these caves the
the ovom
best books in English, Arabic, Persian,
Sanskrit, Bengalee, and Hindoostanee, but
: author has discovered a remarkable dif-
has even studied rhetoric in Arabic and ference in one of them having an arched
English, and quotes Locke and Bacon on all roof, and other peculiarities, from
Occasions. From the view he has thus whence he conjectures it to have been


1819.) Journal of a Route across India, through Egypt, to England. 441
constructed by persons professing the canal ; and so it appeared to the present
religion of Bhud, while the others were governor-general, who decided on the un-
excavated by the worshippers of Brahma.. dertaking; and the work is now in actual
The disquisition which follows on the operation, under the superintendance and
relative antiquity of the two modes of
- direction of Lieutenant Rodney Biane, of the
faith is ingenious, and evinces an acute
Bengal engineers, whom Lord llastings
selected for this duty, on account of the
turn for investigation, though of course
character he had acquired in the scientific
bothing is concluded, except that the pursuits of his profession. There is a fair
Brahminical religion is of northern ori- prospect that the expense of this work will
gin, and of comparatively late introduc- be compensated many-fold, not only by the
tion into India.
general improvement, but by the tolls laken
The following account of the restora for water which passes by sluices in the
tion of a great public work will be read banks of the canal into innumerable chan-
with interest.
nels to water the country on both sides,
which will bring back the population, and
“ In Shah Jehan's time, the Persian go-
vernor of Khandahar, named Ali Murdhan
" restore fertility to considerably above a mil-
lion of acres."
Kahn, finding his fidelity was suspected by
Shah Abbas, king of Persia, took advantage
How much has been done towards efa
of his war with the Turks in 1638; and to
fecting a change in the prejudices of the
save himself from the malice of his enemies natives appears from the following fact:
delivered the fortress and province over to
" That there is not at this day a man of
the king of Delhi, who received him with the bighest caste who will not be grateful
every mark of esteem and gratitude, and for European medical assistance, if the me-
among other distinctions, conferred on bim dicine be taken from his own vessel and
the government of Cashmir. He was a given him from the hand of one of his own
man of great abilities, and though little can caste; a compliance which would formerly
be said in extenuation of his treachery, dur. have been considered as the highest profana-
ing the remainder of his life he remained tion."
firmly attached to his adopted sovereign, But the principal achievement gained
and was by him employed in the highest over the prepossessions of the Hindoos is
oflices. It may, therefore, be presumed in the article of apparel.
that nothing but necessity would have driven “ The Sepoys did not for some time give
him to so disgraceful a step. He amassed up their native costume, but now the loose
a fortune so immense, that it was supposed Indian dress has given way to the more
he was possessed of the philosopher's sione: compact European; and in Bengal the Se-
but it is more probable that his wealth was poys, with their faces turned from you, can-
accumulated by the formation of a canal, not, at this day, be distinguished from the
not for navigation, but for irrigating a ste- king's troops."
rile tract of ground between Paniput and Between Poonah and Bombay the
Dubi.
author visited and inspected minutely
u This noble capal was about 100 miles the cave of Carli, which is considered as
from north to south; the water which flow- the remains of pure Bhudism, and pre-
ed through it being taken from the Jumpa,
a: vious to his entering Bombay he went to
ninety miles above Delhi, and rejoining that
river nine miles below the city. The na-
the island of Elephanta, though his no-
tives call it Nehur Behisht, or the river of tice of its curiosities is but slight and
Paradise ; sometimes the sea of fertility. offers nothing new.
The revenue of the country through which From the account of Bombay we shall
it flowed was fourteen lacs, but having been extract, as being by far the most interest-
neglected and choaked up for 100 years, by ing article, the history of the dockyard.
the political convulsions so prevalent in this « In 1735, on a vessel being built at
region, after the death of Ausongzebe, it Surat for the company, the agent who was
does not now amount to more than one lac. sent there was so much pleased with the
Beyond its effects in agriculture, it was of foreman, a Parsee, of the name of Lowjee
extraordinary consequence to the health of Nassarwanjee, that he tried to persuade
the inhabitants of Delhi. The water of the him to come to Bombay, the government
Jumna, and of the wells, which they are being desirous to establish a yard on that
now obliged to drink, is so much impreg- island. The attachment and fidelity of this
nated with patron, otherwise called soda, as Parsee to his master would not yield to the
to prove at times very injurious. The point advantageous offer made until his permis-
of the river from which the canal is taken sion was procured A short time after this
is a great distance from that portion of the period Lovice, with a few artificers, ar-
country in Thich the natron is so abundant, rived at Bombay, and eclected for the docks
and there was a cut made from it, to supply part of the ground on which they now stand.
the city with wholesome water. There Being a thoroughfare, however, they were
could pot therefore be an act of more true not very advantageously situated. The
beneficence than the restoration of this scarcity of timber obliged government, the
New MONTHLY MAG.--No. 65. VOL. XI. 3L


442 Journal of a Route across India, through Egypt, to England. (June 1,
following year, to send Lowjee to the north, 1000 tons, five above 800 tons, sis above
to negociate for a supply from the natives 700 tons, five above 600 tons, and thirty-five
in the forests, and on his return he brought others of a smaller tonnage.
his family, and settled them at Bombay. " The sons and grandsons of Jumpsetjee
“ Indeed the history of this dock-yard is are now in the dock-yard. Thus five gene-
that of the rise of a respectable, honest, and rations have followed each other; and I am
hard working family, as through several happy to say his son promises as well as any
generations the chief builder has been a of his ancestors,
descendant from the first settler Lowjee; “ The Imaum of Muscat, one of our allies
and so incorruptibly and disinterestedly have on the coast of Arabia, has a vessel of 60
they all acted in the discharge of their duty, guns building for him at the present time,
that none of them ever attained to affluence of a particular construction, as he always
The frequent use of the dock-yard, particu. takes his women to sea with him. He is
larly by the king's ships, which had formerly almost continually in the personal command
to be hove down at Hog Island, rendered of his fleet, as his neighbourhood is infested
it necessary to increase the size of the yard, with the Whehabbee pirates, and his ambi-
which was carried into execution after 1767. tion leads him to attempt the reduction of
In the year 1771, Lowjee introduced into several islands in the Persian Gulf.
the yard his two grandsons, Framjee Man, “ The dock-yards have lately had a
seckjee, and Jumpsetjee Bomajee, but de- steam-engine added to them, which has
termining they should learn their profession greatly facilitated the work in the docks, as
practically, he made them work as carpen the water is pumped out by it in a few hours,
ters at twelve rupees a month. In 1774 Three or more vessels can he taken in dur-
Lovjee Nassarwanjee died, leaving nothing ing the springs, while formerly one, or at
but a house and a sum of money under most two, was the number inspected or re-
30001. He, however, bequeathed the re- paired in each month. It would be advan-
membrance of his integrity to his grand- tageous if the power of the engine could be
sobs, Mapseckjee, who succeeded him as increased so as to draw large masses of tim-
master builder, and Bomajee as his assiste ber from the shore into the yard. Beside
ant, and they carried on the business with these docks, there is a building slip near
as much success and credit as the founder them; and at Massagong, and at Colabah,
of the yard. In 1776 the docks had ac- in the neighbourhood of Bombay, are
quired great reputation, and during the others.
subsequent war in India, and the severe ac- “ The expense of building the Corntal-
tions between Sir Edward Hughes and Ad- lis, of 74 guns, and 1767 tons, including
miral Sufirein, our vessels were docked lower masts and bowsprit, was 60,762). and
here, and these two worthy successors of that of the Wellesley, 74 guns, and 1745
Lowjee built two ships of 300 tons.
tons, 56,0031. On board the former of
“ Bomajee died in 1790, and Manseckjee these vessels I came out to India, and she is
in 1792 ; ihe former in debt, and the latter a ship of very fine qualities. The teak tim-
leaving but a small provision for his family. ber, of which they are constructed, lasts
They were succeeded by their sons, Framjee much longer than any other wood. The
Manseckjee and Jumpsetjee Bomajee. The worm will not eat it; and it is supposed to
success which attended the exertions of the be from the same cause that the iron bars
last in building the Cornwallis, a frigate for do not corrode in it; an oil remaining in
the East India Company, in 1802, determin- the timber the smell and taste of which the
ed the Admiralty to order men of war for former do not like, while it prevents the
the king's navy to be constructed at this rust of iron.
spot. They intended to have sent out a “ I was much delighted with the appear-
European builder, but the merits of Jump- ance of the venerable Jumpsetjee Bomajee,
setjee being made known to their lordships, and had a long conversation with him. I
they ordered him to continue as master- made the veteran builder promise to give
builder, without the intervention of Euro- me his picture. He is to call on me to-
pean direction or aid. The excellent con- morrow and to bring with him a piece of
struction of two frigates and a line-of-battle plate the Board of Admiralty presented to
ship spread the fame of this worthy Parsee him on the arrival in England of the Min-
over England. In 1805 the dock-yard was den 74, built in this dock-yard. Captain
enlarged and shut up, the thoroughfare be- Meriton shewed me a model of that vessel,
ing discontinued. Two more docks have which was built piecemeal, and at the same
since been added, and for the service of the time as the vessel itself, and every timber
royal navy alone, the following ships have was added as the shipwright placed them
been constructed at this port: four 74's, on the vessel in the building dock."
two 38's, two 36's, two 18's, and two 10's. In a subsequent page, the author
And at present I saw the Malabar 74, and a says.
38 gun frigate building; the latter is to be
ir Jumpsetjee called upon me this morn-
named the Sarang Pataun (Seringapatam). ing, having brought with him his urn, a
Besides these, since the dock-yard was esta-' present from the Admiralty. It is a hand-
blished, they have built nine ships above some piece of plate, but not very massy,


1819.]
443
History of North Eastern Voyages of Discovery.
with an inscription; and the handle on the neral stillness of the sea north of the strait,
top, is the exact model of the Minden, with found in two successive seasons, although
out her masts, and has her name in very in the sea of Kolyma, both in Shalauroit's
minote characters on the stern. Upon the and Billings's voyage brisk currents were
whole, it did not seem to me, worthy either observed, which difference is some argu-
of the dignity of the donors, or the merit of ment against the probability that the two
the donee. He presented me with an en- seas communicate. To these is to be added
graving of himself, a strong resemblance, native information, which whether traditio.
which I will carry to England with me, as nal or from present report, generally merits
he is a character I highly respect."
attention; the chief danger is of its not be-
(To be concluded in our next.) ing rightly comprehended.”_" Behring's
Strait being regarded as the most probable
A Chronological History of North East- opening on the western side of America, by
ern Voyages of Discovery: and of the many as the only probable one, for an en-
enrly Eastern Navigations of the trance into the Pacific by a northern navi-
Russians. By Captain JAMES BUR-
gation from Europe ; and in the Eastern
KEY. F. R. $. 8vo. pp. 310.
side of America, there being many inlets and
armis of the sea unexplored, of which a very
THIS volume derives peculiar interest
sinall proportion can be expected to lead to
from the late, and present attempts to Behring's Strait; it follows, that the best
explore the Arctic Ocean with a view to chance for discovering a passage, or for dis-
reach the pole, or to find a northern covering that there is no passage, is by
passage into the Pacific. The author is commencing on the other side of America.
well known as a navigator by his having On this side of America, the question can
accompanied Captain Cook in his two only be set at rest by the discovery of a pas-
last voyages; and more so as a scientific
sage; for twenty expeditions with the most
geographer by his former publications,
favourable seasons, would he insufficient for
ascertaining that there is no passage."
respecting the South Sea Discoveries.
In this work he has given a brief chrono-
Memoirs of her most ercellent Mujesty,
logical detail of the voyages in the north-
Sophie Charlotte, Queen of Great
ern regions from the one of Ochter in
Britain; from original documents.
the time of King Alfred about the year
By John WATKINS, L.L.D. 8vo.
890, to the expedition of Captain Billings
into the Icy Sea made in 1785, by order
THE history of Great Britain, during
of the Russian government. Some new
the last half century, is full of momen-
and interesting particulars are given of
'tous events, and revolutions; yet amidst
all the mighty changes which have con-
Captain Cook's last voyage, and the cir-
vulsed the moral world, in that long pe-
cumstances attending his melancholy ca-
riod, the virtues of the English court
tastrophe are minutely related for the
hare proved an effectual preservative
purpose of vindicating the memory of that
illustrious character from the charge of
against internal commotion. While
rashness. But the principal object of
other thrones have tottered, or fallen,
Captain Burney, is evidently to discoun-
that of this country has stood firm, be-
tenance the idea that there is any North
cause sedition itself could never impeach
East passage at all, it being his opinion
the integrity of those who filled it. The
that the Asiatic and American coasts are
longevity of our venerable monarch, and
continuous. His arguments for that con-
his consort, seems to have been providen-
tially ordered for the public weal, as the
clusion are thus summarily - expressed,
habitual reverence in which they were
and with them we shall close our notice
of this very curious performance.
held, on account of the uniform excel.
" To collect into one view the reasons for
lence of their private conduct, repressed,
believing that there is land to the North of even in the most factious times, the de-
Behring's Strait, and of Captain Cook's signs of republican and jacobinical inno-
track, I make the following brief recapitula- vators. Yet there have not been want.
tion; Ist, the extended direction of the coasting, malignant spirits to asperse the
of the main body of the ice, and its state; moral worth of these high personages;
compact when first sten, and perceptibly and the late queen in particular, was
loosened and separating two days afterwards,
wickedly calumniated in her life time, as
which indicates its having been detached
being of an avaricious disposition, and
from a coast of land; 2d, the fight of birds
who took advantage of the influence,
from the North; 3d, the equal soundings
which she was supposed to have, over her
along a large portion of the track, sailed
from the coast of America towards the coast
husband, for the purpose of increasing an
of Asia, at a depth corresponding with a dis-
enormous hoard. It was often unblush-
tance of between 20 and 30 leagues from the ingly said, and most credulously believed,
land; 4th, the smallness of current and ge- that both the king and queen were pos-
H


414 Dr. Watkins's Memoirs of Queen Charlotte. [June 1,
*sessed of millions of pounds sterling. But though she could not endure the bla-
which they continued to multiply, while zoning of her good deeds, she was always
the public burthens were swelled and happy when her almoners exercised their
loaded to an insupportable extent. Such discretion, by giving more than their verbal
were the lies malice invented, and the
commission apparently authorised them to
hestow. The wife of a labouring man at
discontented propagated as unquestion-
old Windsor, with a large family, and in
able truths; nor could these villainous
great distress, was brought to bed of twins,
impressions be effaced, till the death of which being communicated to her Majesty,
her Majesty removed the veil, and she gave the informant twenty pounds, to be
proved to a demonstration, that charity laid out for their benefit: in doing this, the
had swallowed up all her income, that person found that the sum would be idade-
so far from profiting by the national dis quate to purchase clothing for all the chil-
tress, she had never saved sixpence; and dren, and to redeem the poor man's apparel
that in consequence of her ‘unbounded and tools from the pawnbroker's. Relying
beneficence, she died in debt. We are however on the Queen's goodness, she ven-
glad, therefore, to find, that the history
tured to add another twenty pounds to the
royal donation, and, on making her report,
of this exemplary qucer, has been amply
which she did, with some apologies, her
detailed, in a plain and chronological
Majesty stopped her, by expressing the
form. The meinoirs of such a character
warmest approbation of her conduct, and
inust do good, in a variety of respects,
graciously saying, that she took it as a par-
and as she was a brilliant light in the ticular obligacion.
highest station, while living, so in this The readiness of the Queen to receive
record of her many virtues, she will applications, and her promptitude to grant
*8pcak with energy from the tomb. Hav- substantial relief, in cases of real distress,
ing given in a former volume, a biogra- will appear from another instance. One
phical sketch of the queen, we shall not
day, a female wholly unknown to her Ma-
here enter into any particulars of her
jesty, and without being introdaced, pre-
history and character, farther than by
sented a petition, at Windsor; the memorial
stated, that she was the widow ot an officer,
extracting two or three anecdotes.
and left with twelve children, wholly unpro-
“But the accusation most strongly urged vided for. The Queen directed the strictest
and extensively accredited, against her Ma- inquiries to be made into the character of the
jesty, was that of excessive penuriousness. applicant, and the result being satisfactory,
This allegation was so often made, that at she took the whole of the children from the
length, numbers who wished otherwise, mother, and sent them to school. Some
were almost afraid that it must be true. The time after, however, the lady married a per-
Queen was not ignorant of this aspersion, son in opulent circumstances, on which her
and yet she took no steps to clear herself Majesty very properly sent back the chil-
from it; for the soundest of all reasons, drep, that her bounty might be transferred
since, as she observed, if she began to make to objects who stood in real need of it.
il parade of benevolence, or performed
something out of the common course, it
would be said, that this was done to remove
JUNIUS.
a stigma, or to acquire popularity. She 1. Junius unmasked. suell known and
therefore very judiciously went on in her most eminent Literary Character. 8vo.
. usual course, dealing out charity liberally, pp, 48.
but silently, and keeping close to her Sa. 2. Junius with his vizur up! or the real
viour's precept,“ not to let the left hand
author of the Letters published under
know what the right hand did." To this
that signature now for the first time
rule, as far as could be practised, she ad-
hered all her life, and nothing hardly ever
unveiled and revealed to the world in
gave her more uneasiness, than to have any
two Letters to my cousin in the coun-
act of her munificence made known to the
try. From OEDIPUS ORONOKO, To-
world.
bacconist and Snuff Seller, 8vo. pp. 54.
Her constant injunction to those who had THERE are some questions of no real
the disposal of her bounty, was, to keep the import to mankind, but which gather in-
quarter from whence it came carefully con- terest by time, through the insatiable spi.
cealed, and a violation of this direction, was rit of idle speculatists who delight in busy-
the sure way 10 incur her displeasure. A ing themselves about trifles, when those
lady, who had been the bearer of a consi- trilles wear an enigmatic appearance.
derable largess to a distressed family, was Such is the problem respecting the real
alterwards asked, whether she had mention-
ed the matter to any person, and on being
author of Junius's Letters, a problem
told, that only acother lady, high in her
that seems calculated to exercise the con-
Majesty's confidence, was made acquainted jectures of literary dreamers for years to
with it," then," said she, “there is one too come. Among the solemn visionaries
many."
whose wits have lately run a wool-


1819.)
445
Junius Unmasked, fc.
gathering upon the never ending pursuit, past," said he, “ I have had no intercourse
we hardly know one who has made a with him. The last visit he paid me was a
more ridiculous business of it than the most extraordinary one. It was a dinner
author of the first of these pamphlets : party; and, surrounded by my friends, I sat
the whole drift of which is tv shew that,
at the head of the table. Porson was amongst
perhaps, Junius was no less a personage
the number; and was, as usual, very chatty,
than-GIBBON the historian. The pur-
pleasant, and good-humoured, until a certain
period of the evening,when he committed the
chasers of the tract however, may console
most abominable outrage that hospitality
themselves for their disappointment in ever felt. He had shewn no soreness or
the purchase of it, by baviny a neat por- displeasure whatever at the topics in conver.
trait of Gibbon, which is inserted at the sation; when, impelled by some motive I
top of the title page like a sign to a village could never explain, he on a sudden rose
ale-house.-But what comes next? A from his seat, and holding his glass in his
truly laughable farce, after an exceed- hand, addressed me in these words,_“I will
ing dull coinedy. “ Junius with his Vizor give you, Sir, in a bumper toast, the health
un" is one of the happiest pieces of of the most detestable character in the whole
dry humour that we ever had the plea-
world-John Horne Tooke !” At this time
sure of perusing, and the composition
he was fushed with wine, though his senses
were by no means overset by it. My friends,
of it would have credited the genius
and myself expostulated with him on the
of Rabelais, or Swift. In truth we do indecency of his behaviour with all possible
not recollect to have met with any thing good temper and complacency. But in vain.
like it, except the Battle of Books, and in He pursued a strain of the most vulgar
some respects this jou d'esprit is far more abuse and invective against my principles
· witty than that celebrated performance, and conduct in political life. I teazed him
the ill nature of which detracts much a little by my rapier in reply, but kept
from its general excellence. After a myself quite cool in temper, and steadily on
very discursive ramble, through brake and my guard. He still went on adding gross-
through briar, but every where keeping
no ness to grossness, and scurrility to scur-
rility. I then went round to the chair in
up the reader's spirits, master Oronoko
which he was sitting, and desired him to feel
lets out the mighty secret that Junius,
Junius, the muscles of my right arm. He felt them.
ves the redoubtable Junius who made I then drew up my leg, and desired him to
ministers tremble and shook the throne, feel and discover if he could, whether that
was, (who would have thought it?) no had any muscular energy. He did so. “Now,
less a personage, than the identical Sir," said I,” you find that I can both strike
DICKY Gossip, or our old friend of and kick; and if you dont hold your tongue,
facetious memory, Suert the Comedian! I will first knock you down, and afterwards
By way of specimen we shall extract a kick you out of my house." This menace
singular anecdote of two very extraordi- silenced him; but he still kept his seat, drank
nary characters, one of whom is nearly
der a great deal more wine, became very drunk,
and was finally packed up late at night in a
connected with the history of Junius.
post chaise, and driven home to his lodging,
« Mr. Took told us that the Favua Sauma- in town. From that time to this I have
Fatoy of the literary world, the late professor never seen him.”
Porson had used to be a frequent visitor at
Wimbledon. “But for some few years last
MONTHLY REGISTER.
AGRICULTURE.
A Catalogue of a valuable Collection of
A Sketch of the Agriculture of a District Books, on Sale by J. Rackham, of Bury St.
in the South of France. Translated from Edmunds. 8vo. 2s.
the French of the Baron Picot de La Pey-
BIOGRAPHY.
· rouse; with Notes. 8vo. 58.
The Life of the Right Hon. John Philpot
: A Report of the Agriculture of Eastern Curran. By his Son, William Henry Car-
and Wesiern Flanders, drawn up at the de ran. 2 vols. 8vo. II. 4s.
sire of the Farming Society of Ireland. By A Short Account of Miss Mary Tithering.
the Rev. Thomas Radcliff. 8vo. 13s. ton, of Liverpool, with Extracts from her
ARTS.
Journal, and a Preface. By Henry Moore.
A Treatise on the Kaleidoscope. By Da- . 12mo. 2s.6d.
víd Brewster, LL.D. 12mo. 6s.
BOTANY.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
The Florist's Directory. or Treatise on
Harding's new Catalogue of Books on the Culture of Flowers, Bulbous Roots, &c.,
Agriculture and Rural Economy. 8vo. 9s. including a Treatise on Soils and Manures.
A Catalogue of Books in all Languages, . By James Maddocks; with Notes and Co.
.. by J. Deck, of Bary St. Edmonds.
Joured Plates by Curtis. Roy. 8vo. 11.11s.6d.


446
(June 1,
New Publications, with Critical Remarks.
HISTORY
of the Plants referred to by Botanists to the The Annual Register, or a View of the
Genus Fucus. By Dawson Turner, esq. History, Politics, and Literature of the Year
(now complete) 4 vols. 4to. 211. ; large pa 1808. 8vo. 20s.
per, 361.
A History of England, from the first lo-
CHEMISTRY.
vasion by the Romans to the Accession of
The Theory and Practice of Bleaching Henry VIII. By the Rev. - Lingard.
with Oxymuriatic Acid, as now practised 3 vols. 4to. 51. 5s.
by some of the most eminent Bleachers,
HORTICULTURE.
Paper Makers, &c. By a Chemist. 8vo. Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural
Ss.
Society. 2 vols. 8vo. 255.
COMMERCE
LAW.
The Cyclopædia of Commerce. By . Reports of Cases argued and determined
Clarke, esq. and John Williams, esq. 4to. in the Court of King's Bench, in Hilary
Part 1. to II.
Term, 59 Geo. III. 1819. By R. V. Barne-
DRAMA
wall and E. H. Alderson. Vol. 2, part 2, roy.
Tragic Dramas, chiefly intended for re- 8vo. 5s.
presentation in Private Fainilies. To which Reports of Cases argued and determined
is added, Aristodemus, a Tragedy, from the in the Court of Exchequer Chamber, in
Italian of Vincenzi Monti. Cro. 8vo. 9s. 6d. Trinity Term, 57 Geo. 111. 1817. By Geo.
The Heart of Mid-Lothian, a Melo-Dra- Price. Vol. 4, part 2, 79 6d.
matic Romance. By T. Dibden. 8vo. 2s.6d. Reports of Cases argued and determined
The Heart of Mid-Lothian, a Musical in the High Court of Chancery, commencing
Drama. By Mr. Terry. 8vo 38.
in the Sittings before Hilary Term, 1818.
The Carib Chief, a Travedy in Five Acts. Vol. I, part 2, roy. 8vo. 75.
By Horace Twiss. 8vo. 39.
An Essay in a Course of Lectures on Ab-
Education.
stracts of Titles, &c. By R. Preston, esq.
roy. 8vo. 12s.
Food for the Young, adapted to the Men
tal Capacities of Children of Tender Years.
Surrenders of Copyhold Property Consi-
dered. By F. Saunders. 12mo. Ss. 6d.
By a Mother. 12mo.
The Trial of A. B. French, J. French,
This is really one of the prettiest and most in. Burke, and M. Welch. Taken in Short
structive little books that we have seen of late Hand by W. B. Gurney, esq. 8vo. 5s.
years. The descriptive sketches of natural history, A Law Glossary of the Latin, Greek, Nor-
and the anecdotes of the manners and customs of
man, French, and other Languages inter-
remote nations are given in that lively manner
spersed in the Commentaries of Sir W.
wliich cannot fail to excite a spirit of inquiry while
they affordi present amusement. The language is
Blackstone. By Thomas Taylor. Svo. 9s.
familiar and perspicuous, free from the affectation
MEDICINE, SURGERY, &c.
of learning ; and what renders the whole book
An Inquiry, illustrating the Nature of Tu-
peculiarly agrecable, is the easy manner in wbich
berculated Accretions of Serous Membranes,
the conversations are carried on without the form
and the Origin of Tubercles and Tumours
of dialogue.
in different Textures of the Body. By J.
Introductory Greek Exercises to those of
Baron, M.D. 8vo. 14s.
Dunbar, Neilson, and others, arranged under
Cases, with Observations, on the Wry
models, to assist the Learner. By Nath.
Neck. By John Kirby, A. B. 8vo. 6s.
Howard. 12mo. 58.
Letters from a Father to his Son on Re-
Observations on the Condition of the
Middle and Lower Classes in the North of
ligious Sentiment and Belief. By the Rev.
Ireland, as it tends to promote the diffusion
H. G. White. Fc. 8vo. 6s. 6d.
The Preceptor's Key. By A. Jamieson.
of Contagious Fever. By F. Rogan, M.D.
8vo. 6s.
18mo. 4s. 6d.
MISCELLANEOUS.
A National Spelling Book, or a sure Guide
A Defence of the Church and Universi-
to English Spelling and Pronunciation. By
ties of England against such injurious ad-
B. Tabart. 8vo. Is. 6d.
vocates as Professor Monk and the Quar-
Hints for the Improvement of Early Edu-
terly Review for January, 1819. By Sir
cation and Nursery Discipline,
James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. &c.
Letters of Advice from a Lady of Distinc-
Inc. President of the Linnæan Society.
tion (Lady Spenser) to her Niece the Du.
8vo.
pp. 107.
chess of Devonshire shortly after her Mar
From such defenders as the president may the
riage. 12mo. 6s.
church of England and her two great nurseries of
GEOGRAPHY.
learuing be ever upon their guard! We have already
The Edinburgh Gazetteer, or Geographi-
noticed the inatter of controversy between the pro.
fessor and his antagonist, and nothing in Sir James's
cal Dictionary, comprising a complete body
angry painpblet shakes the opiniou we at first enter-
of Geography, Physical, Political, Statistical
tained respecting the impropriety of his liolding a
and Commercial 8vo. in parts, 9s. each.
chair in an academical institution, founded upon
A New General Atlas, constructed from
theological principles, to which, by his own acknov.
the latest Authorities, by A. Arrowsmith. Icdgment, he is un adversary. Yet he suill persists
Roy. 4to. I. 166.
in maintaining the toosistency of such a measure,


1819.)
447
New Publications, with Critical Remarks.
the llouse or bringing forward thitheral credit for
and, strange to say, he has travelled as far back as With Authorities and mustrations, Deduc-
the reign of Henry the Eighth for a precedent, tion and Conclusion. 8vo. pp. 262.
when Erasmus was appointed to the Greek, profes-
We cannot but give the gallant general credit for
sorshin. But whatever might bave been the pri• bis molises in bringing forward this proposition in
vate opinious of Erasmus, either then or after
the Ilouse of Commons, and we perfectly agree
wards, he was too prudent a man to make a public
with him that the charge of idolatry brought against
declaration of them; and that he did not manifest
the church of Romc isrash and unwarranted.
any thing like dissent while in England is plain
Had his mation been made thirty years ago, we
enough from his intimacy with Archbishop Warham
are of opinion that it might easily have been car.
and Sir Thomas More, peither of whom would have
ried, and that no objection could have been made
patrovised him had he been suspected of Lutheran
to it. But tires are so wonderfully altered, that
ism.
we are under the necessity of retaining what we
The president of the Lionæan Society avows
Jo not altogether approve, lest the removal should
himself a nonconformist, aud that too upon the
prove a breach for the introduction of measures
broadest principle of latitudinarianism, as a Uni.
destructive to the constitution. Were the declara.
tarian ; how, therefore, could be aspire to a chair
tions in question, for instance, taken away, the
in a university, which, in the last century, not only
adinission of Roman Catholics to seats in both
deprived Whiston of his mathematical professor.
houses would very naturally follow-than which,
sbip for holding the tenets of Arius, but even ex.
rogard being had to the security of the Protestant
pelled him from its body as a member? This is a
ascendancy in Ireland, we scarcely know any tbing
case in point, and we can see no difference at all,
more dangerous. The declaration against transoba
except that, of the two, Whiston's was the hardest,
stantiation is strictly a cest to which no Protestant
because Arianism is less obnoxious than Sociniapism;
whatever can conscientiously obiect; and it exclu,
and at the very time that he was expelled the uni.
sion be at all expedient, then tests are indispensi.
Tersity, Clarke, whose opinions were the same, re.
ble. The exclusion of Papists was considered,
tained both his rank there and his preferment in
by nur Protestant ancestors, as necessary to the
the church. Now Whiston was no dissenter, ex.
safety of the church and state, and, so thinking,
cept in a doctrinal sentiment, and he had already
they were compelled to adopt the surest test they
more than once subscribed the articles; yet, as an
could find to preveot the objects of their appre
Arian, he was not deemed a proper person to read
heusion frorn intruding into power. The declara.
lectures in a university founded on orthodox prin.
tions against trausubstantiation and the idolatry
ciples. Sir James thinks all this is of minor im.
of the church of Rome were chosen for this pur.
portance, and that theological truth is of less con-
pose; because it was certain that no member of
sideration than the interests of a favourite study.
that communion would subscribe either of them,
It is natural enough for him to have such a pre-
It were to be wished that our forefathers had con-
dilection, but the heads of the university have
fined themselves to one only, but, as it is, we see
other duties to fulfil, the obligation of which ad.
no motive for a repeal, opless the legislature shall
mits of no dispensation. We are sorry to say, that
tbink proper to take away tests of every descrip-
the spirit in which the president continues to write,
tion. The general, in his speech, has committed a
is such as to furnish an additional apology, if one
palpable mistake, in saying that " James the Se.
were wanting, for the treatment of which he com.
cond did not change from the Protestant to the ho.
plains ; for certainly be who deals in the most
mau Catholic religion until the year 1669." when the
abusive epithets aud sarcastic speers, in speaking
fact is notorious, that both he and his brother were
of his opponents, thereby furnishes them with a
reconciled, as it is called, to the church of Rome
plea of justification in having prevented him from
during their exile abroad, though Charles acted
exercising his oratorical powers in the university.
with more caution in concesling his conversion till
As a relief from this unpleasant dispute we ex.
tract with pleasure the tollowing application of
his death.
botanical science to the elucidation of the scripture A concise History of Tithes, with an In-
history :
quiry how far a forced Maintenance for the
“Our Saviour says to his disciples, Matth. chap. Ministers of Religion, is warranted by the
vi. ver. 28-- Consider the lilies of the field how Examples and Precepts of Jesus Christ and
they grow.' Tliis is commonly supposed to apply his Apostles. 8vo. Is.
either to the white lily or the tulip, neither of
A Vindication of the Enquiry into Cha,
which is wild in Palestine. It is natural to pre-
sume the Divine Teacher, according to his usual ritable Abuses, with an Exposure of the
custom, called the aitention of his hearers to some Misrepresentations of the Quarterly Review.
object at hand; and as the fields of the Levant are
8vo. 4s.
overrun with the amaryllis lulea, whose golden Philosophy of Domestic Economy, as
liliaceous flowers, in autumn, afford one of the
most brilliant and gorgeous objects in nature, the tilating, Washing, Drying, and Cooking..
expression of Solomon in all his glory, not being By C. Sylvester. 4to. Il. Ils. 6d.
arrayed like one of these,' is peculiarly appropriate. A General Index to the New Series of the
I consider the feeling with which this was ex-
Monthly Review, vol. 1 to 81. 2 vols. Svo.
pressed as the highest honour ever done to the
21. 129. 6d.
study of plants; and if my botanical conjecture be
right, we learn a chronological fact respecting the
Donovan's Natural History of Birds.
season of the year when the sermon on the mount Vol. 10. Royal 8vo. II. 16s.
was delivered,"
Memoir and Notice explanatory of a
Speech of Lieutenant-General Thornton
Chart of Madagascar and the North Eastern
in the House of Commons, on Thursday the Archipelago of Mauritius. By L. Geoffry
7th of May, 1818, on his motion to repeal 4to. 188.
the declarations against the Belief of Tran- Letters from Dr.
Letters from Dr. James Gregory of Edin-
substantiation, and asserting the Worship burgh, with Replies by the Rev. Alexander
of the Church of Rome to be Idolatrous. Crombie, LL.D. 8vo. 103. 6d.
A


448
(June 1,
New Publications, with Critical Remarks.
The Entomologist's useful Compendium. The Sisters of St. Gothard, a Tale, by
By Geo. Samouelle. Crown 8vo. 11. ls. Elizabeth Cullen Brown. 2 vols. 12mo.
Memoirs of the Embassy of the Marshal 108. 6d.
de Bassompierre to the Court of England in Augustus and Adelina ; or, the Monk of
1626, with Notes. 8vo. 9s. 6d.
St. Barnadine: a Romance. By Miss C.
A Practical Treatise on the Making and D. Haynes. 4 vols. 12mo. Il.
Upholding of Public Roads. By J. Patter- The Black Robber; a Romance. 3 vols.
son. 12mo. 2s. 6d.
12mo. 16s. 6d.
An Exposition of some of the Transac- The Esquimaux. By Emily Clark. 3 v.
tions which have taken place at St. Helena 12mo. 18s.
since Sir Hudson Lowe became Governor Old Tapestry; a Tale of Real Life. 2 v.
of that Island. By Barry O'Meara, esq. 12mo. 12s.
8vo. 8s.
The Veteran, or Matrimonial Felicities.
The Picture of the Palais Royal; de- 3 vols. 11. 19.
scribing its Spectacles, Gaming-houses, Emmeline, with other Pieces. By the
Coffee-houses, Restaurateurs, Tabagies, late Mrs. Brunton. Cr. 8vo. 10s. 60.
Reading-rooms, Milliners'- shops, Game.
POETRY.
sters, Sharpers, Mouchards, Artistes, Epi-
cures, Courtezans, Fillies, and other remark-
The Wrongs of Man, a Satire; with
able objects, in that High Change of the
Notes. By Howard Fish. 8vo. pp. 40.
Fashionable Dissipation and Vice of Paris. of the author of this picce it may be said that he
With Characteristic Sketches and Anecdotes is an odd Fish, or a Fish out of his element; and
of its frequenters and Inhabitants. 18mo.
if his performance had been intituled " The Wrongs
of Poetry," Do reader would hare called it a mis
59, 6d. boards.
Sixty curious and Authentic Narratives
nomer, or questioned its pretensions as a speciera
of frautic ponsensc. The satirist is io a most
and Anecdotes respecting Extraordinary furious rage against the present state of society.
Characters; illustrative of the tendency of
which, according to the view he has taken of it.
Credulity and Fanaticism; exemplifying the is reduced to a mass of corruption and slavery.
imperfections of Circumstantial Evidence; The morbid condition of the man's idiod brings to
and recording singular instances of volun our recollection a certain lunatic, who consoles
tary human suffering; and interesting oc- himself with telling every body with whom he
currences. by John Cecil, esq. Foolscap
conversed, that the whole world was mad-except
himself!
8vo. 6s. boards.
The Aubid, an Eastern Tale. By James
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
Atkinson, esq. 8vo. 3s.
The Elements of Natural Philosophy: il- The Dessert, a Poem ; to which is added,
lustrated throughout by Experiments, which The Tea. By the Author of The Banquet.
may be performed without regular appa- 8vo. 5s. 6d.
ratus. By James Mitchell, M.A. 12mo. More Broad Grins, or Mirth versus Me-
Pp. 362.
lancholy. Foolscap, 4s, 6d.
This volume is deserving of strong recommenda. The Counterfeit Saints, or Female Fana.
cion for goodness of design, and ingenuity of execu- ticism, in Two Cantos; with other Poems.
tion. Every elementary book that has hitherto
fallen in our way, even when we were ourselves
engaged in the labour of instruction, is so incum-
bered with references to plates and machinery
Tales and Historic Scenes in Verse. By
the former ill-constructed, and the latter either ill.
T. Hemans. Foolscap, 9s. 6d.
explained or totally unattainable, that it is no
wonder grung students have the most confused
Verses from Glenaryon; to which is pre-
potions of even ordinary phenomena.
fixed the original Introduction, temo.
To the present compendium, the principles of 5$. Od.
natural philosophy ane illustrated by familiar ex The Vestriad, a Poem. By tans Busk,
The Ve
periments, which any person has it in his power esq. Author of The Banquet, The Dessert,
easily to perform, or may see every day in com.
Dion use, without beiog at the trouble of attending The New Tory Gaide. 8vo. 4s.
a cumlerous course of lectures, from which more
London ; a Satire, in imitation of Jurena!.
3D useinent 19 ganed than knowledge acquired.
12mo. Is.
The language is flowing and perspicuous, freed
from unnecessary technology; and perfectly adapted
The Ocean Cavern: a Tale of the Tonga
jo a didactic work. the object of which is to render
Jsles. In Three Cantos. Octavo, 4s. 60.
abstruse subjects siinple to the plainest uuderstand. The Age of Intellect; or, Clerical Show.
jog. To young persons, of both sexes the book must folk and Wonderful Lay-folk. A Series of
be a most valuable present; and all teachers who Poetical Epistles between Bob Blazon, ia
undertake the pleasing office of inaking their pupils Town, and Jack Jingle, in the Country.
acquainted with the laws which govern the uni. Dedicated to the Fair Circassian. With an
verse, will find their task greatly relieved, and
Introduction and Notes, Critical, Ethical,
their object facilitated by the use of this excellent
Satiricai, Physiological, Physical, Cranio-
guide.
logical, and Astrological. By Francis
NOVELS, ROMANCES, &c.
Moore, Physician, author of the celebrated
Elvington ; a Novel, by Mrs. Bathony. work, entitled “ Vox Stellarum ; or a Loyal
3 vols. 12mo. Il. Is.
Almanack," Foolcap 8vo. 6s. bds.


1819.)
449
New Publications, with Critical Remarks,
Emigration : a Poem, in Imitation of the “ Navigation Spiritualized," to which the present
Third Satire of Juvenal. 8vo. Is. 6d. volume would form an appropriate companion.
The Arab : a Tale. 8vo. 4s. 6d.
The following table of contents will convey a ge-
The Exhibition : a Poem. By a Painter nejal idea of the variety of subjects brought under
consideration; and we can safely say, that they are
Svo. 3s.
all treated in a manner calculated to make a pro.
POLITICS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. per impression upon the minds of sea-faring per-
Principles and Practices of pretended soos:-" The new launched Ship-The little Boat
-The Fleet sailing out of Port-The Press-Gang-
Relormers, in Church and State. By A.
Kennedy, D.D. 8vo. 10s. 6d.
The Convoy at Sea--The good Commodore-The
River Strcam-Navigating the Ship-Takiog advan.
Facts and Observations respecting Cana-
tage of Wind and Tide-The fair weather and
da, and the United States of America: fresh water Sailors—The Prodigal Son-The Smug.
affording a comparative view of the induce - gler -The Shipwrecked Mariner-The Storm-The
ments to Emigration, in those Countries. Middle Watch-The Anchor-'The Voyage well
By Charles F. Grice. 8vo. 7s.
ended-The unexpected happy Meeting - Man's
Radical Reform, Restoration of Usurped Spiritual Insensibility-The Christian Soldier-Ro.
Rights. By George Ensor. 7s.
flections on the Battle of Trafalgar-The Baiba."
A Remonstrance, addressed to the Author fisons of War."
of Two Letters to the Right Honourable The Due Observance of the Lord's Day,
Robert Peel, on the condition of the Poor. A Sermon preached at the Monthly Lecture
8vo. 2s. 6d.
of the Pimlico, Chelsea, and Brompton As-
Hardcastle's Letters, on the Bank Re- sociation ; delivered at Buckingham Chapel,
striction. 8vo. 6s.
Pimlico, on Tuesday Evening, March 9,
. Observations on the Poor Laws. By 1819. By R. H. Shepherd, Minister of
James Macphail. 8vo. 2s.
Ranelagh Chapel, Sloane Square, Chelsea.
Reply to Lord Erskine. By an Elector 8vo. pp. 32.
of Westminster. 8vo. Is. 6d.
This is a good practical discourse upon an im.
A Letter to the People of England, on
portant duty, the obligation of which cannot be
the subject of Constitutional Reform. By
too strongly and frequently inculcated in this age,
Gracchus. 8vo. Is. 6d.
when the pride of liberty carries all ranks of per-
Thoughts on the Funding and Paper sons to scepticism and licentiousness. The lec-
System, and especially the Bank Restriction ture merits general circulation on many accounts,
and Resumption of Cash Payments, as con-
and, among the rest, for the following considera-
nected with the National Distress : with Re-
tion : « Whatever profits may accrue from the
marks on the Observations of Mr. Preston,
dispersion of it, will be devoted to aid the sub-
and Sir John Sinclair. Addressed to the
scriptions recently raised for cloathing a few of
Landed Interest. By N. J. Denison, Esq.
the children educated in the Ranelagh schools.”
8vo. 38. 60.
An Historical and Critical Enquiry into
The Oppressed Labourers, the means of the Interpretation of the Hebrew Scriptures,
their Relief, as well as the Reduction of with Remarks on Mr. Bellamy's New Trans-
their Number, and of the Poor Rates. lation. By John William Whittaker, M.A.
8vo. Is. 6d.
8vo. 9s.
Statistical Annals, embracing Views of Christian Missions, an enlightened species
the Population, Commerce, Navigation, of Charity. By the Reverend J. C. Wilks.
Fisheries, Public Funds, Post Office Estab 8vo. 2s. 6d.
lishment, Revenues, Mint, Military and Scripture Costume. By R. Satchwell.
Naval Establishments, &c.: and of Ame- Imperial 4to. 57. 58.
rica. By Adam Seybert, M. D. 4to. The Foreknowledge of God suggested by
31. 13s. 6d.
passages in Dr. Adam Clarke's Commen-
The Speech of Viscount Normanby, on tary on the New Testament. By Gill Tim-
the Catholic Petition. 8vo. Is.
mins. 2s. 6d.
An Essay on Money. By C. R. Prinsep. Theological Lectures. By the late Rev.
8vo. 53.
B. Wheeler, D.D. Vol. 1. 8vo. 12s.
Speech of the Right Hon. Robert Peel, The National Schools a National Blessing,
on the Roman Catholic Petition. 8vo. 23. 6d. By D. Wilson. 8vo. Is. 6d.
A Comparative Statement of the Effects Lectares on the Book of Jonah, designed
which a Continuance and Removal of the chiefly for the use of Seamen: to which
Restriction upon Cash Payments are calcu- are added, Two Discourses to Seamen, with
lated to produce. By R. Torrens. 8vo. 35. some Prayers and Hymns, to be used at sea,
On the Practicability of the Resumption By George Young. 8vo. 59.
of Cash Payments. By Sir W. Congreve. New Translation of the Holy Bible, con-
8vo. 2s.
taining the Old and New Testaments.
THEOLOGY.
Part 2. 4to. 16s.
Nautical Essays; or a Spiritual View of Various Views of Death, for Illustrating
the Ocean and Maritime Affairs. By the the Wisdora and Benevolence of the Divine
Author of the Retrospect, &c. &c. 12mo. Administration. By the Reverend Thomas
pp. 211.
Watson. Bvd. 6s.
The pious and ingenious Flavel published a very Propaganda, being an Abstract of the
pleasing and profitable little treatise, intituled Designs and Proceedings of the incor.
New MONTHLY MAG.–No. 65, Vol. XI. 3M


1819.)
251
Fine Arts.
credit in the same department. Tur- that distinguished patron will, now, with
ner's view of Richmond Hill is a noble his accustomed liberality, give him a
indication of his talent for local nature, commission, and that Haydon will exe-
and, with a little sweetening, would be cute it in the ensuing season, so as to ren-
most certainly one of his finest prospects; der it an honour to himself, and the
his entrance into the Meuse has fine splendid gallery in Hill-street. He would,
parts and is grandly conceived, but indi- there have a noble opportunity of vieing
gested and deficient in effect, as a whole. with his ablest contemporaries. It is
We reserve some remarks on these and only in his painting-room, and with his
the following landscapes. Calcott's view pencil in his hand, that he can obtain the
of Rotterdam is a picture of great bril- reputation of a painter; and we shall, as
liancy; and, notwithstanding a slight a public duty, be happy to do impartial
tendency to monotony, is full of attrac- justice to his powers on canvas, and to
tion and one of his capital performances. those of every other artist, as far as our
Hoffland has six landscapes of superior limits admit of our endeavour.
merit; his view near Ullswater, is painted There are some good miniatures; a nam.
with taste and spirit, and has much ro- ber of excellent architectural designs, nad
mantic beauty. Constable's view on the many capital pieces of sculpture: in 100k
Stoure, is painted with great breadth and latter roum, Chantrey, Bailly, Kendrick
truth of nature : the tone and feeling in and Flaxman, in particular, have some
this picture are excellent. Chalon's view admirable specimens. But, on these, we
of Hastings is a fine conception; and, al- must defer our observations, to commence
though somewhat harsh in parts, pos- our detailed remarks.
sesses great science and force of colour- No. 19. “ The battle of Marston
ing. P. Nasmyth has a landscape paint- Moor, near York, fought in the year
ed with great vigour and delicacy, and 1641, representing the leaders in both
Vincent, a landscape with sheep, of much armies taken from authentic family por-
merit. John Glover has five landscapes, traits, and the best recorded accounts of
finished in his usual taste, and of his best that disastrous conflict,” by Mr. Abraham
selection. In richness of fancy, power Cooper, associate of the Royal Academy.
of execution, and vigor of effect, Sir G. Upon a rising ground in the centre,
Beaumont's composition possesses great two adversaries are engaged in a strug-
merit. It is the very hest ideal landscape gle for the Republican standard. The
in the whole exhibition. This gentle bearer grasps it in the middle and holds
man's skill and devotion, as an amateur, it, with his hand raised above his head;
do honor to his taste and to the arts, for and below, it is seized by his assailant,
whose advancement he is so laudably so. while they each encounter sword in hand.
licitous. Mrs. C. Long has a very lively Close to this a leader bears the Royal
“ view of the Boulevards of Paris :" the standard, and is discharging his pistol at
taste, feeling, and practical spirit of this an enemy. Round these two principal
picture, make us, almost, regret that for- incidents, the battle rages with vehement
tune has lifted this lady above the con- fury, and the various actions and atti-
stant study of the art, as a profession, tudes of attack and defence, of men and
which her talents are so well calculated to horses closely engaged, striking, wound-
adorn.
iny, killing, and tumbling to the earth,are
Again we must observe, in reference painted with surprising truth and energy.
to the early part of the preceding obser- Amidst a number of these incidents, the
vations, that we no more mean to imply cutting down of the trooper in blue, and
an equality of powers by enumerating the man falling headlong backwards from
the names of Artists together, who prac- his rearing horse, are admirably design,
tice in the same department, than the ed. A general is seen, on a white horse,
artists, themselves, infer an equality of in a hollow way, near the left fore-ground,
merit, in all the paintings, which hang on leading on his troops and pointing to the
the same wall in the Exhibition room. Roval standard. Cromwell appears,
Haydon has nothing in this exhibition, mounted on a black horse, on the same
nor had he any thing in the exhibition of side, near the artillery, directing the bata
the painters in oil and water-colours, in tle. Another general to the right of the
Spring Gardens, this year. A munifi Royal standard, with his arm extended,
'cent patron of the British school pro- points to some important circumstance,
posed to give this artist a commission for and beyond him the route and confusion
an historical picture, in April or May of battle prevail, and clouds of smoke are
last year, when he gave Hilton a commis- driven along the horizon. We regret
sion for two poetical subjects. We hope that our restricted limits compelus to no-


1819.)
Fine Arts.
453
EN
gance and beauty of the naked parts. mark the days of Queen Anne. He is
There is a sublimity in Mr. Allston's patting the curly head of a chubby little
conception of the subject, which places boy, who stands before him, with his
it among the foremost of the first class prayer-book under one arm and his hat
of sacred compositions in our time. under the other, not daring to raise his
There are some touches of the finest sen- head, although his eye looks timidly up,
sibility in the disposition of Jacob; and stealing a bashful glance at Sir Roger.
the bcauty of form and attitudes of the His coat is a mourning of russet gray,
two angels on the lowest step, and of the with black buttons, the fashion of 1711.
one who is descending near the angel, at His younger sister, a rosy little rogue.
Jacob's head, may well be termed Raf- stands close behind him, looking up at
faellic, although perfectly original. The the good knight, with her finger on her
gentle action and gliding motion of dis- lip, as if reminding him that she, too,
embodied beings under a human seem- has a claim on his attention. Behind
ing, with their unaffected simplicity and them, the widow, their mother, with her
undefinable grace, give a spiritual cha- hat held down before her, is curtseying
racter to the messengers of God, with with grave propriety to Sir Roger; and
which the ascents are peopled: and her youngest little girl, holding the skirt
notwithstanding the infinity compre- of her gown, looks on, with attention,
hended in the scene, the whole is, at at the reception of her brother. These
once, imprest upon the eye and mind figures are lively transcripts of nature,
with an imposing serenity and celestial and of a respectable order in life. Be-
grandeur.
hind the widow, at some little distance,
Mr. Allston, who is a native of Ame- under the shade of a huge yew-tree, a
rica, was elected an Associate of the rustic is advancing with his wife and
Royal Academy last year. He possesses daughter. On the other side of Sir Roger,
the classical mind of a poet, with the Addison is in a rich purple coat, cocked
skill of a painter and the manners of a hat and edging of black feathers, flowing
gentleman, and is universally beloved by wig and red stockings, with a sword by
his brother artists, a proof that the his side, in the fashion of the time. He
eminent abilities of an artist, when ac- holds the worthy knight under the right
companied by amenity and candour, are arm, and is looking complacently at his
a recommendation to professional esteem kind notice of the widow's little family.
in this country. This gentleman was A grey-headed respectable looking far-
not in England to canvass for himself; but mer, with his hat in his hand, in obeis-
his merits canvassed for him! What an ance to the knight, and holding his
honour to the electors and elected! daughter, a modest, handsome young
341. “ Sir Roger de Coverley going woman, under the arm, stands near to
to Church, accompanied by the Spec- Addison. A clodpole, in a white frock,
tator, and surrounded by his Tenants." is close beside him, holding his hat awk-
(See Spectator, No. 112); by C. R. wardly down before him, with one hand
Leslie, a young artist, who is an Ame- spread on his head, gaping at the great
rican, and has been, we believe, a pupil of folks, in clownish apprehension, joy and
Mr. West. This picture is a production wonder. A decayed old woman,' in a
of much genius in the class of real life; steeple hat and long dark cloak, resting
and it evinces an insight into human na- on her stick, and two other females more
ture, which is more extraordinary in an behind, extend this group of the tenants,
artist of only two or three and twenty. somewhat in an irregular diagonal line
He possesses so much of Addison's deli- towards the beadle, who stands at the
cate humour and fine sense, that, if the church door, in his official dress. Beyond
Spectator had been a painter, this per- the old farmer and his daughter a wo-
formance would have done honour to man is endeavouring to show her good
his pencil. Sir Roger's face is seen in manners, by preventing a little urchin,
profile, and his figure, nearly in a back her son, froin chasing a butterfly with
view, close to the centre of the fore- his hat. In the right corner, beside a
ground. He is in the path-way ad- low tomb, over which a girl and boy are
vancing to the church-door, which is peeping, a fat, frowsy, vulgar woman is
open almost immediately before him. busy, settling a clumsy bouquet in her
His sword, cocked hat, and edging of bosom. Her face is as red as fire, and
white feathers ; tbe flowing black wig; sweltered with her walk in the heat of
the fashion and gold lace of his scarlet the day. The ludicrous points of her
coat; the clocks in his chocolate-colour- squat figure are humorously set off by
ed stockings, and his red-heeled shoes, the full display of her beavy holiday


454
(June 1,
.
Fine Arts,
finery in all its antiquated purity. A 1770 and retouched in 1818. The Stolen
huge low crowned straw hat, loaded with Kiss has also been painted a number of
a trimming of flaming orange ribands, a years, and recently retouched. These
capacious stomacher braided with similar pictures have been so long exhibited in
ornaments, an old brocade gown, richly the President's gallery, and their merits
flowered, a broad-flounced apron, deep are so well known, that a critical de.
ruffles, black gloves, dark red stockings, scription of them here is wholly unne-
Jarge flat-heeled shoes, and small metal cessary. But we confess that we cannot
buckles, and a head starched up with an help viewing the practice of retouching
air of consequential vanity, furnish out pictures, which have been painted for
this admirable comic character. Her thirty or forty years, without much diffi,
son, a great broad-faced and red-cheeked dence and apprehension. The difficulty
oaf of sixteen, in a carter's frock, with of producing a union between the old
his hat off, stands behind her staring, in and new colours is not to be overcome
stupid silence, at Sir Roger and Addison. by taste or genius; and their disagree-
Two women behind uim terminate the ment is highly injurious to the effect of a
group, and Sir Roger's mansion and do- picture. But we respectfully submit
main are seen in the back ground, on these opinions to the better judgment of
this side of the picture.
the President, as to one, who is perfectly
The artist has treated this subject competent to decide upon the fitness or
with great felicity. The figures are unfitness of their application.
agreeably disposed, and there is a fine: 27. “ Ganymede," by Wm. Hilton,
vein of dramatic invention in the cha- R. A. This artist, although in a deli-
racters. Sir Roger and Addison are cate state of health, has painted, besides
easy, well-bred gentlemen of Queen his other studies, within the last sixteen
Anne's court. The modest respectabi- or eighteen months, his “ Europa," and
lity of the widow and her children, in “ Mermaid," for Sir John Fleming Lei.
their class, are as admirably depicted. cester, bart., and this picture for the pre-
T'he old farmer and his daugliter are, in sent exhibition. We mention these
their degree, painted with an unaffected proofs of his genius and enthusiastic ap-
simplicity. The fat, red-faced piece of plication to his honour, and to excite a
rustic pride, in all her clumsy finery, and generous emulation in others. An artist,
the two staring clowns, form the comic whose powers are chiefly lodged in his
spirit of the piece, and have not been ex- eye and hand, may gladly indulge in long
celled, in their kind, even by Hogarth vacations from his pencil, and even feel
himself. So chaste is the humour of the practice irksome ; but to a painter,
picture, that the great pleasantry of whose chief powers lie in his mind,
these drolls is their absolute truth of na- painting is a passionate delight, and he is
ture. The incident of the boy and but- as unhappy, when out of his paintings
terfly is appropriate ; and the beadle room, and debarred from the use of his
and remaining figures are subordin- pencil, as a lover when absent from his
ates, which judiciously fill up the piece, mistress. We must not be misunder-
and set off the more prominent ac- stood here to commend the mere facility
tors. The execution is sound, the co- of producing pictures as, in itself, a
louring clear and mellow, the penciling merit, unless accompanied by well-di-
free but firm ; the drawing good ; the gested thought and execution; the essen-
expression well defined, and the heads tial point being to have every part well
marked with spirit and decision. We studied in the design, and nothing neg-
confess we have had some doubts, whe- lected in the finished picture.
ther the sky and back-ground are suff- This subject abounds with difficulties
ciently low in tone; bnt where there is so suficient to deter an ordinary mind, and
much excellence, we lay little stress on we confess, it is one which we would not
our opinion in this particular.
advise another artist to undertake. As
The president, West, exhibits three an impossible and exploded fable, it is
pictures this year. No. Ill. “ The Re- deprived of our sympathy; and as it
surrection of our Saviour," cleverly de- consists of a single undraped youth,
signed, and painted with much spirit. whose character comprises the perfection
No. 157. “The Stolen Kiss," from Gua- of ideal beauty, it demands the highest
vini's Pastor Fido. No. 337. “ Cæsar powers of an able draughtsman, and the
reading the History of Alexander's Ex- purest symmetry, grace, and elegance, of
ploits," painted in 1771 and retouched the human figure. It admits of fewer
in 1818: and 315.“ Alexander's Confi- variations in the design, than almost any
dence in bis Physician, Philip, painted in other historical or fabulous subject; and


1819.7
455
Fine Arts.
these few are lessened by the circum- chieftain, in a bold, soldierly attitude, as
stance, that Michael Angelo, the great firm as a rock. Without a particle of
master of form, and Titian, the sove- pedantry, or ostentation, there is a mas-
reign of colour, have already pre-occu- culine purity in the drawing of the
pied the story. But no man can accom- whole figure, which may well be referred
plish great things without attempting to as a standard of excellence. The
them. Mr. Hilton draws ably, and under body is seen, in front, the head some-
all these appalling disadvantages, he has what directed to the right. The flesh is
produced a picture of much power, and of a clear, sound, unellow tone, the cha-
varied the disposition, entirely from those racter manly, and the expression pleas-
of his illustrious predecessors. , ing. The plaid, folded across the person
The eagle is represented, as if still in and falling down on the left side, has a
the position in which he seized Gany- good effect. The head is not only finely
mede, grasping him on one side by the painted, but the dirk handle, the pistols,
belt of his quiver, and on the other, by the filibeg, the plaid, red-barred stock-
the quiver itself; and bearing him up- ings, and sword, are identified, with great
wards, with prodigious force, without truth and spirit. The low horizon, gives
hurt or pressure, in his huge talons. The an effect of superior height to the figure;
back of the royal bird is wholly turned but the warm light sky, on the left side,
from the eve, and he is seen altogether, is not in union with the green and dark
in front. His head rises to the left cor- colours of the plaid, and blueish shadows
ner, above, and his bold eye is elevated of the mountains. Cool colours in the
to the throne of light. His body occu- front, and warm hues in the distances,
pies the centre, extending downwards are generally deficient in werial effect;
towards the right corner, and his im- and we are obliged, with due deference,
mense wings are diagonally spread across to protest against this particularity in
the skies. The figure of Ganymede, many of the landscape back-grounds of
clasping the eagle round the neck, for this eminent artist, No. 123, (by the
safety, with one hand, and with the other same painter,) is a portrait of the Duke
raised, in expression of fear and reluc- of Leinster, somewhat lower than the
tance, relieves from the broad black plu- breast, in a dark purplish coat, with a
mage, with great force of chiaro-scuro shaded crimson curtain behind. The
and colouring, and the deep blueish head is turned to the right, in nearly a
tone of the mountain tops, cominunicates three-quarter view, and firmly drawn;
additional spirit to the dark and bright the features are marked with great truth
masses above. There is a constraint in and spirit, the flesh tints warm and pure,
the position of the right hand and arm, and the likeness is excellent. The prin-
and an indefinition in the foreshorten- cipal mass of light is broad, and formed
ing, with which the eve is dissatisfied, by the face, breast-linen, and a part of
and which lessen the idea of beauty in the light buff waistcoat; the second
the form; but the body is clererly drawn, light, by a bit of pillar and sky, of a
and the outline of the limbs very elegant. warm grey tint, broken by some touches
The flesh is of a clear, ruddy hue, har- of blue. The general effect is bright
monised by the crimson scarf, and the and vigorous. No. 195, (by the same)
execution evinces an uncommon mastery is the portrait of a Lady, a three-quarter
of pencil. Mr. Hilton has had formida- length, sitting on a sofa, dressed in white
ble difficulties to contend against, and if satin, with a pale yellow shawl, thrown
he has not in the subject of this picture, over her shoulders, and falling negli-
as in his admired chef d'auvre, the Eu- gently down, on each side, in front.
ropa, subdued all, he has still an oppor- She holds her port-crayon in her right
tunity of retouching, and has done hand, and her drawing-book down before
enough to prove his ardent devotion to her, with her left. Her face is a delicate
bis art, and maintain his distinguished oval, seen in a three-quarter view, and
reputation in the highest department of looking up. The features sparkle with
painting.
mild intelligence, and a charming ex-
Mr. Shee, makes a commanding dis- pression of serenity. The lustre of her
play of portraits this year; he has seven fair complexion, is set off by her dark
heads and half figures, and one whole brown hair, which is tastefully disposed.
length, in the exhibition. No. 137, by this The reflections on the neck are deli-
artist, is a whole length of Mr. J. Macnab, ciously painted; and the neck, bosom,
in the Highland dress. This gentleman and hands, are drawn with much attrac-
stands, with the native ease of a Scottish tive beauty. The accessories are judi-


456
Fine Arts.
(June 1,
ciously chosen, and the ground is in per- also, been so long the deserved object of
fect union with the head. There is a applause and study, that, although his
combination of fashionable elegance and fine principles and sense of character,
natural grace in this portrait, with a chas- can never be too much studied, his mere
tity in the execution and a luminous manner of penciling, and harmony of
brilliancy in the general effect, which we surface for the eye, have become common-
do not often see equalled, and are rarely place in many a well-painted imitation.
surpassed. • 85, (by the same.) is a por. The manly and unsophisticated truth of
trait of Lady Coventry, somewhat lower Shee's style, has this additional merit,
than the breast, dressed in a fawn-co- that it is wholly his own. The pure
loured boddice, and white sleeves. The character of his pictures, shews that he
head is in a three quarter view, directed has trusted more to his own independent
to the right, in an easy graceful turn; view of nature, than to the works of
the dark hair turned up with tasteful others.
simplicity. The neck, busom, and arms, MR. PAWKES'S EXHIBITION
as in the preceding portrait, are beauti- of Drawings. by Turner, and other
fully drawn and coloured; the flesh tints British artists, has continued open every
of a clear, mellow tone, and finely re- Tuesdav sin
Tuesday since our last, and has been
lieved by the shadowy blue of the sky,
sky; visited by an immense crowd of rapk
visited van
and landscape ; and the character and and fashion. of artists and amateurs.
expression are very lovely. No. 174,
A: This gentleman's liberality is proved by
(by the same,) is a three-quarter length the fact that he purchased the whole of
portrait of that distinguished ornament his collection himself. and his fine taste
of the republic of letters, Mr. Roscoe.
is visible in the admirable specimens,
It is a striking resemblance of that pub-
lic-spirited, and accomplished man, who
which it includes. The artists of Eng-
land owe him their lasting gratitude, for
has been, through life, admired for his
IS his manly effort to maintain the charac-
splendid endowments, and beloved for
ter of the British school.
his private worth. To have twice paint-
The Marquis of Stafford has, also,
ed Mr. Roscoe, that true friend to the
Fine Arts, and zealous promoter of every
opened his doors, at Cleveland House,
ery one day in each week, for the display of
plan for the good of his country, is a
a
his
his superb collection of pictures, chiefly
piece of good fortune which every artist
by the old masters. That nobleman's
can appreciate. No. 207, (by the same)
efforts to diffuse a love for the Fine Arts
for
is the portrait of a Lady, finely drawn
have been constant and efficacious, and
and painted. No. 273, portrait of Lord
his zeal for the encouragement of British
William Fitzgerald; and 284, portrait of
artists proved by his liberal purchases of
E. Allfrey, Esq. are by the same artist,
ist, their paintings, at the British gallery, for
and equally creditable to his pencil.
many years past.
There are, in painting, technical modes
of producing a rich and harmonious sur- exhibition of the stained glass, for
That ingenious artist, Mr. Backler's
face for the rye, as in poetry of producing Prince Leopold's retreat at Claremont,
an harmonious versification for the ear,
has been for some time open, and an ob-
which have been invented by men of high
gh ject of much public interest and visita.
genius; but which, from their having
ung tion. As a tribute of respect to the
been hacknied by a crowd of imitators,
memory of our late beloved and lamented
and reduced to a sort of communicable
Princess, it has been inspected by many
trick, practised as if from a receipt book,
Ky persons of the first distinction, and
have become common-place in painting
and poetry. Thus, the golden surface of honored with their approbation. We
" hope, shortly, to be able to call the atten-
Titian's style, and the melodious versifi-
. tion of our readers to his intended great
cation of Pope, at length became com-
work, the stained-glass window for St.
mon-place, in the servile works of their
James's church, the subject of which is
numerous imitators. An imitation, even
to be the transfiguration, from Raffaele,
when possessed of merit, is an object of
coldness or distaste. Most men feel like on a grade scale.
W. C.
Churchill on this point.
(To be continued.)
* I hate ev'n Garrick when at second-hand."
The tone and tints of Reynolds have,


453
Varieties—Literary, Scientific, &c.
bones, or plaster of Paris, loses its form at Power of the Screw.-The Admiralty
once, and the more bran there may be in it, yacht, lately under repair in Woolwich
the sooner it will be fat on the board. dock-yard, was on the 12th inst. raised from
2nd. Having dipped the fore-finger and her bearings sufficiently higb to have the
thumb partially in sweet-oil, take up a small bottom of her keel coppered, by the appli-
quantity of flour; if it be'pure, you may cation of a single pair of screws, under the
freely rub the fingers together for any direction of Mr. W. Hookey, assistant
length of time; it will not become sticky, builder. The vessel is one of 120 tons,
and the substance will turn nearly black; having on board 30 tons of ballast, with all
but if whiting be mixed with the flour, a the stageing, &c. attached. The whole
few times rubbing turns it into putty, but its operation was performed by eight men, in
colour is thereby very little changed. five minutes; and Mr. Hookey is decidedly
3rd. Drop the juice of a lemon, or good of opinion, that he could, by the application
vinegar, upon four; if the four be pure, of ten such pair of screws, which are those
it remains at rest; if adulterated, an imme- used in his bending machine, raise any
diate commotion takes place. This is the frigate in the service, an operation which in
readiest method for detecting the presence many cases would be of great public ad-
of stone-dust and plaster of Paris.
vantage.
Lastly, genuine flour will longer keep the Dr. Vert, professor of chemistry at Gratz,
impression even of the grains of the skin, has discovered in the mine of Nickel, at
than that which is adulterated, the latter Scaldmig, in Styria, a metal differing from
very soon throwing up the fine marks. Let all those hitherto known. Its principal
a person of a moist skin rub flour briskly characters are, that it is not reducible,
between the palms of both hands; if there except when combined with arsenic; its
be whiting among it, he will find resist- oxides are white, as are also the salts re-
ance; but with pure flour none.
sulting from it. He proposes to give it the
Cast-Iron rendered Malleable.--The name of Vestium.
Society for the encouragement of Arts, &c. Iron Boat.-There is now building at
(in France) has for these fourteen years Glasgow, on a plan of Mr. Creighton's, a
past proposed premiums for a process by vessel of malleable iron, intended as a
which cast-iron could be rendered malleable, passage boat for the Great Canel Company.
and proper to be made into common uten- This boat though composed of iron, will
sils, such as boilers, stew-pans, &c. usually be, it is computed, from four to five tons
made of copper, the use of which is dan- lighter than the same dimensions in wood,
gerous, and often attended with accidents. as well as much superior in strength.
This interesting problem of domestic eco- A life boat, principally cork, constructed
nomy has been solved by Messrs. Baradelle by Mr. Plenty, of Newbury (inventor of the
and Dedor, and the Society in consequence cast-iron plough), was sent to Deptford last
decreed to them, on 23 September last, the week, by order of the Admiralty, for the
premium offered for it.
use of the Northern expedition.
The Marquis de St. Croix, who is a Some experiments on the preparation of
member of the Society, has since turned linen and thread from the flos of nettles,
his attention to the application of this disco- have been made lately in Ireland. The
very; and he has just had experiments thread in colour, strength, and fineness, is
made in the manufactory of Loulans, upon equal, iſ not superior, to that obtained from
pieces of this iron, which Icare po doubt of flax, and the linen has the appearance of
their malleability, and of the advantages common grey linen.
which result from it. Pots, vessels of dif- The art of making paper from the Algo
ferent kinds, nails, keys, spoons, and forks, Marina, upon which so much stress has
were first rough cast, then submitted to the been lately laid, is not a new invention. But
process of malleabilisation. The mallea- it is possible that in the improved state of
bilised pieces not only resisted shocks which manufactures, and especially of chemistry,
would have fractured the brittle cast iron, some alteration may have been made on the
but were not even broken by falls from the process before used. It is also well known,
height of ten feet and more on the pave- that there are several other plants, at pre-
ment. They could not be broken without sent of no use, from which very good paper
letting them fall upon stones from the height might be made, but the expense has not yet
of 20 or 30 feet. These pieces were turned been ascertained.
and filed with more facility than pewter. Pyroligneous Acid.-A discovery of great
The broken parts, the grain of which is importance engages at this moment the at-
fine and nearly the same as that of steel, tention of the physicians, the chemists, and
were bronzed and perfectly well soldered; the government. A person named Mange
the keys answered in the hardest locks as has discovered that the pyroligneous acid,
well as the usual iron keys; the vails did elitined by the distillation of wood, has the
not rivet well, but entered easily and without property of preventing the decomposition
breaking the hardest wood. The vesscls and putrefaction of animal substances. It
designed for tinning received it very well; is sufficient to plunge meat for a few mo-
lastly, the maleabilised cast iron exceeds in ments into this acid, even slightly empyreu-
strength by more than one ball the cast iron matic, to preserve this meat as long as you
hitherto in use.
may desire. Cutlets, kidneys, liver, rabbits,


1819.)
459
Varieties
Literary, Scientific, &c.
which were prepared as far back as the guished connoisseur of these antiquities, and
mouth of July last, are now as fresh as if of the east, Claudius James Rich, Esq. of
they had been just procured from the mar- the East India Company,resident at Bagdad,
ket. I have seen carcases washed three or by his private secretary, Mr. Charles
weeks ago with pyroligneous acid, in which Bellier, a learned Orientalist, by birth a
there is yet no sign of decomposition. Pu- Swede, who was recommended in 1814, by
trefaction not only stops, but it even retro- Mr. Von Hammer, at Vienna, in his letters
grades. Jales exhaling infection, cease to to whom, Mr. B. expresses himself as fol-
do so, as soon as you pour into them the lows :-" We have no doubt, but that Sir
purifying acid. You may judge how many Robert has made his drawings with the most
important applications may be made of this conscientious accuracy, since, many draw-
process. Navigation, medicine, unwhole ings which he has made here in Babylon,
some manufactories, will derive incalculable such as the Tomb of Sobeida, Abarkufe,
advantages from it. This explains why several Babylonian Cylinders, &c. are un-
meat merely dried in a stove, does not keep, commonly faithful and correct." He will,
while that which is smoked becomes unal- probably, return to St. Petersburg this sum-
terable. We have here an explanation of mer, (1819,) and immediately proceed to
the theory of hams, of the beef of Ham- the publication of his picturesque tour
burgh, of smoked tongues, sausages, red through Persia. We may expect a rich
herrings, of wood smoked to preserve it treat; and the judicious collector of ancient
from worms, &c. &c. &c.
Persian and Median monuments, Mr.
Sir Robert Ker Porter's Trarels in Hoeck, librarian, of Gottingen, (see his
Persia.-In our Journal for February, 1819, prize essay, published 1818, De Monumen-
we had the pleasure to lay before our readers tis veteris Persiæ et Medæi,) will here find
a detailed and connected account of the valuable materials for his great work.
travels of the unfortunate Mr. Seetzen, ac- In the course of November, last year,Mr.
companied, it is true, with great regret, that Rich, accompanied by Sir Robert Kerr Por-
not only so large a portion of his valuable ter, and Mr. Bellien, made an excursion to
labours has been irretrievably lost, but that Hilla, and the remains of ancient Babylon,
even those parts of his journals which have from which they returned to Bagdad, on the
been preserved, have been so long withheld 24th of November. All the beaps of ruins
from the impatient curiosity of the public. and bricks were examined with the greatest
We have now the satisfaction of giving care. Besides the very detailed drawings,
them a foretaste of an entertainment pre- Sir Robert drew in the presence of Mr.
paring for them, by a British traveller and Rich, a plan of the whole extensive plain,
artist, of which they are not likely to be dis- upon a much larger scale than it had been
appointed. The gentleman to whom we previously taken by Mr. Rich. The ruins
allude, is Sir Robert Kerr Porter, who is of Ali Haima, and Namrud were also mark-
already honorably known, both in England ed upon it, by which the learned will be
and on the Continent, by his skill as an enabled to judge, whether these two ruins
artist, and his talents as a writer. He pos- were within the city walls of the ancient
sesses uncommon facility in the rapid and Babylon, or not; and to see whether Major
faithful delineation of ihe objects before Rennett, or Mr. Rich, is in the right. Sir
him. It is therefore very fortunate, that Robert has, doubtless, leſt Bagdad, without
finding himself in circumstances, which stopping there, and proceeded by way of
enabled him to provide himself with every Kurdistan to Tabris, whence he returns to
thing requisite for the enterprise, he re- St. Petersburg.
solved on making a journey from St. Peters- Count Wenceslas Rzewuski, who was re-
burgh to Persia. According to the latest ported to have died suddenly, returned last
accounts from Bagdad, dated November, autumn, from Constantinople to Syria,
1818, he had completed his picturesque tour where he has a stud of Arabian horses : for
through Persia, and arrived at Bagdad, on he is, as is well known, one of the first
his return, in October, 1818. He brought owners, and judges of Arabian horses;
in his port folio, a treasure of very beautiful which is abundantly proved by his mas-
and detailed drawings of Persian antiquities, terly essay, in one of the earlier num-
some of which have never been drawn be- bers of the Mines of the East. He has
fore, or bnt very imperfectly, and too hasty lately sent to Vienna his portrait, in the
a manner. The drawings of Baki Bostan, state dress of an Emir of the Bedouins,
and Bisutud, partly represent objects en with the inscription, Emir Ebeldari, Tats
tirely new to us. He has also made admir- chel facher, i e. Emir of the Bedouins
able drawings of the antiquities of Perse. crown of glory: an allusion to the name of
polis, Nakshi-Rustam, and Murgheb, mostly Winceslas. This portrait is to be engraved
on a far larger scale than has been done by for the “ Mines of the East," which owe
Sir William Ousely, or apv preceding tra- their progress to his continued patronage:
veller; the incomparable Niebuhr pot ex- for, however groat and various are the
cepted. Now, though these drawings differ merits of the learned editor, Mr. Joseph
in many particulars from the designs of Von Hammer, this patronage is necessary,
former travellers, yet no doubt is entertained on account of the great expense attending
of their fidelity and accuracy, by the distin- the publication of that esteemed journal.


460
(June 1,
Literury Report.
A young man from Bohemia, named year, we read a letter from this worthy and
Francis William Sieber, full of the most inquisitive traveller to his sister, dated from
ardent enthusiasm for the science of Natural Jerusalem, 4th July, 1818. His Firman,
History, has gone on a pilgrimage to the from the Porte, procured him security every
Levant, in a manner very different indeed where as he travelled from Cairo to Pales-
from the rich Englishmen who hare been tine, by way of Damietta and Jafla. The
travelling in those countries. Counsellor governor of Jaffa gave him a letter in Ara-
Andre, of Brunn, in Moravia, the worthy bic to all the Bedouin Sheiks, and chiefs of
editor of the Hesperus, collected for hin Banditti, through whose territory he had to
by subscription, in Bohemia, and the here- pass. At the Franciscan content, in Jeru-
ditary states, the sum of 1062 florins, of salem, he was entertained in the most
which the museum at Prague contributed friendly manner. As a friend to botany,
300 dolars, the editor and the publisher of and in company of a gardener, he enter-
the Hesperus, each 100 dollars, Vienna cur- tained great hopes of making a valuable
rency. A letter from him, dated from collection for the Flora of Paie: tine. lle
Crele, respecting his voyage in the Archi- intends, at a future period, to go to the Cape
pelago, was published in No. 36 of the of Good Hope, and thence to the East
Hesperus for 1818. In No. 2, for this Indies.
L
UIS
LITERARY REPORT.
A very interesting volume of Walks in Busk, Esq. a geudeman well known in the
Ireland, by the late John Bernard Trotter, higher circles. He has announced a new
secreiury to Mr. Fox, is preparing for pub- poem, entitled The l'estriad, or the Opera,
lication.
which, according to report, promises to
Dr. Trotter, late physician to the grand afford much entertainment.
fleet, has in the press, a Practicable Plan for The collection of essays, on Men and
manning the Royal Navy, and preserving Manners, entitled “ The Hermit in Lon-
our maritine ascendancy without impress- don," some specimens of which have at-
ment, addressed to Admiral Lord Exmouth. tracted so much attention in the Literary
This plan alipmpts nothing but what is prac- Gazette, will certainly appear in the course
ticable, and includes marines and landsmen. of the present month.
Mr. Godwin, is preparivs an answer to Some interesting Memoirs of Lord By-
Mr. Malthus's work, on Popolation.
ron are reported to be forthcoming, under
The Lay of Azincourt, with other Poems, the title of Harold the Exile.
will appear in the course of next month. The Rev. T. F. Dibden, has circulated a
M. Gieseke, professor of mineralogy to prospectus of a Bibliographical, Antiqua-
the Dublin Society, will shortly publish, in rian, and Picturesque Tour in Normandy,
German and English, an account of bis France, and Germany. This tour comprises
eight years' residence in Greenland, orna- a distance of between two and three thousand
mented with charts and vieirs. The first miles, upon the continent; and the traveller
visit he paid to this inhospitable country, having great facilities of access to oljects of
continued for four years; during which interest and curiosity, in a great measure
time, he was sedulously employed, in col- unknown to the English, he has collected a
lecting objects of Natural History, &c. Un- mass of information connected with local
fortunatcly, the vessel which was conveying antiquities, the manners and customs of the
these articles to Denmark, heing taken by people, &c. &c. But the principal object of
an English privatecr, the caryo was sold at his research has been directed to the rarer
Leith, for 157. An unconquerable love of treasures in MS, and in print in the public
science, however, stimulated Mr. Gieseke to libraries, of Rouen, Caen, Vize, Coutance,
renew his labours in Greenland, and after Paris, Nancy, Strasbourg, Stutgart, Aus-
another four years' residence in this wild bourg, Munich, Landshut, Ratisbon, Nu-
country, he succeeded in forming another remberg, and Vienna. The materials there-
collection of natural curiosities, which will fore, of his composition, it may fairly be
soon form a jart of the mus:um, at allirmed, are copious and interesting, and
Vienna.
no pains have been spared to obtain the
Lady Morgan is about to receive the most correct information from the most au-
same honor as her celcbrated cotemporary, thentic sources. The treasures of the pub-
Walter Scott. Her interesting national lic libraries will necessarily form the mate-
tale, Florence Macarthy, has been drama- rials for the Bibliographical department.
tised by Mr. Dibden, and is forthcoming at The Antiquarian department, may be con-
the Surrey Theatre.
sidered as almost entirely novel. The ac-
Lady Clarke, the sister of Lady Morgan, count of cathedrals, palaces, and public edi-
is about to publish her Comedy, entitled, fices, occasionally enriched with views, will
the Irish woman, lately performed with great gratify the tastelul reader. The specimens
success on the Dublin stage.
of art which distinguish each country, will,
The author of those amusing Poems, the, in a great measure, tend to mark their pro,
Banquet, Dessert, &c. proves to be Hans gress in it.


1819.)
481
Literary Report- Agricultural Report.
Mr. Pye, who compiled a Dictionary of dium of a friend at Liverpool, a Collection
Ancient Geography, has in the press, a De- of Poems, in 1 vol. 8vo.
scription of Modern Birmingham, emphati- Dr. W. E. Leach has nearly ready for
cally termed the Toy Shop of Europe ; publication, a Synopsis of British Mollusca ;
whereunto are annered, Observations made being an introduction to the method of ar-
during an Excursion round the Town, in ranging the shells of Great Britain, accord-
the Summer of 1818. The above will be ing to the structure of the animals, with de-
ready for publication before Midsummer. scriptions and illustrative engravings.
Dr. Harrington, the Author of Fire and In the course of the month will be pub-
Planetary Life, from which all the new and lished, in a handsome octavo volume, illus-
improved Nautical Tables have been taken, trated with plates, Letters from Palestine,
has in the press, and shortly will be pub- descriptive of a Tour through Galilee and
Jished, An Extension of his important Judea, with some account of the Red Sea,
Theory and System of Chemistry, elucidat- and of the present state of Jerusalem.
ing all the Phenomena without one single The Author of Conversations on Che-
Anomaly.
mistry, &c. has a new work in the press, er-
Speedily will be published, a Review of a titled, Conversations on Natural Philosophy.
work, entitled Remarks on Scepticism, by Memoirs of the Court of James the First.
the Rev. J. Rennell, A. M. Vicar of Ken- By Miss Lucy Aikin.
sington, and Christian Advocate in the Uni- Memoirs of the Protector, Oliver Crom-
versity of Cambridge, &c. By D. Wylke well, and of his gons, Richard and Henry,
Edwinsford, esq. of Caermarthenshire. with some original letters and other family
The Translation of Madame de Genlis' papers. By Mr. Oliver Cromwell, one of
National Tale Les Parvenus (The Upstarts) the family.
appears this week under the title of The New Travels in various Countries of the East,
Era. To the charms of fiction this pro- being a continuation of his Memoirs on Eu-
duction unites all the solid advantages of ropean and Asiatic Turkey. By Mr. Robt.
historical record, and it is not therefore sur- Walpole.
prising that the rarity of such a coinbination Memoirs of John Tobin, Author of “ The
in a French novel should have procured for Honey Moon," &c &c. With two unpub-
it extraordinary success in France,
Jished plays, and other Selections from his
A New Edition of Sir Arthur Clarke's MSS. By Miss Benger.
Essay on Bathing has just appeared. This An Account of the Life of James Crichton,
work deserves every attention; it will be of Cluny, commonly called the Admirable
found to contain more useful instruc- Crichton ; with a Portrait, Notes, and Ap-
tion, and more valuable practical remarks, pendix of Original Papers. By Patrick
than any that has appeared on the subject. Frazer Tytler, F. R. S. C.
Dr. Pinckard has in the press Cases of Dialogues, Letters, and Observations,
Hydrophobia.
illustrative of the Purity and Consistency
Athird volume of Sermons, by Mr. Clapp, of the Established Church, and proving
will speedily be published.
that its interpretations of Scripture are fully
. Mrs. Kentish, resident at St. Salvadore, adequate to produce that 'religious and
in Brazil, has in the press, through the me moral conduct necessary to form the cha-
racter of a good Christian.
AGRICULTURAL REPORT.
THE weather has continued equally favourable, as in our last Report, for the operations
of husbandry; and the spring sowing may now be said to be generally completed, upon ág
fine a tilth as has ever been witnessed. The early sown spring crops, including seeds, are
very forward, and have a very healthy appearance. The turnips lasted beyond expecta-
tion; and so great a proportion of stock remained abroad throughout the winter, that little
or no detriment has been experienced from the short quantity of fodder. The pastures
will be open for stock earlier than has been known; and there is a promise for a vast crop
of grass; hay is, in consequence, considerably reduced in price, although there are no
stocks on hand, and, in a lew parts of the country, the article is scarce. The meadows
have been free from floods, sheep have been ficely trusted upon them, and have remained
healthy. The lambing season has proved most fortunate, and a more than usual number
of doubles have been obtained. Potatoe planting will soon be finished, and the scale will
be large. The blosssom for fruit most flourishing and universal. The hops full of fine,
strong, and forward shoots; in short, the indications of fruitfulness and plenty are univer-
sal. Wool, at length, considerably reduced in price; and the demand ceased in conse-
quence of the present stagnation in manufacturing concerns. Cattle still bear a high
price, and sheep are very dear. Milch cows dearer. Saddle and coach horses of figure
command almost any price ; but middling and ordinary kinds are lower. The wheats ad-
vance rapidly, and there will be ears early in May. Five hundred thousand quarters of
corn are said to be warehoused in the metropolis.


(462)
(June 1,
BANKRUPTS.
FROM APRIL 23, TO MAY 23, 1819, INCLUSIVE.
there the address of the Solicitor is not mentioned, he must be understood to reside at the
same place as the Bankrupt. The Solicitors' names are between parentheses.
A
(Ored and co.--Dorning D. Worsley, inpkeeper
Atherton J. Warington, cabinet maker (Mason (Adlington and co Bedford row-Dawson and
4 llousema, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars- Longden, Silver street, Wood street, colour mapu-
kland T. sen. Greenwich, butcher (Suter-Ains. facturers (Fisher, Staples ino-Duffl J. Brooms.
Worth J. Bolton, Lancasbire, whitster (Adlington grove, grocer (Fladgate and Neild, Essex street--
& Gregory, Bedford-row--Appleyard J. Kingston Dickinson J. Manchester, dealer (llud and Joho.
upon Hull, bricklayer (Hicks, Gray's ing-Austio son, Temple-Daley J. Woolwich, innkeeper (Fiel.
J. Aldersgate street, corn dealer (Barber, Chanceryder and Bartley, Duke street, Grosvenor square.
lane Abrahams L. & A. Camomile Street, oil
merchant (Lewis Crutched friars-Ainsley R. Ellerby T. Poole, lipen draper (Sweet, Stokes, &
Clunie. Berwick upon Tweed corn merchant Carr. Basinghall-street--Edwards W. Manchester,
(Swaine, Steveos and co. Old Jewry.
manufacturer (Adlington and Gregory, Bedford
B
row-- Earl T. Kingston on Thames, com and coal
Baylis and 'Thompson, Piccadilly, ironmongers dealer (Clare and co. Pancras Jane-Ewbank J.
(Bromley, Holborn court, Gray's inn--Brooker W. Little Bush lane, botule merchant (Harrison, Buck-
Eaton street. Blackfriars, timber merchant (Qual. lersbury-Elliott H. jun. Tunbridge Wells, cheese-
lett & co. Dockhead- Beardworth and Bealey (B.) monger (Osbadeston, London street-Evans S.
Blackburn, collon manufacturers (Milne & Parry, Bristol, victualler 'Pooie and co. Gray's ina square
Temple Bradshaw J Carlisle strect, Soho, tailor -Eddison T. Romford, lined draper (Evans, llat-
(Lowe & Bower, Chancery laue-Bound R. Sop- ton garden.
Hey, Southampton, miller (Bremridges and Barnes,
F
Dyer's buildings-Bates J. Leybourn, Kent (Brace Folder J. Savage gardens, Tower hill, mercbant
and Selby, Strand Blackburn & Rousseau, City (Wilde, College hill-- Fisher T. Liverpool, mariner
road, dealers (Smith & son, Dorset street--Bourne (Duc e and Joba, Palsgrave place, Temple bar-
S. Leek, ironmonger (Cruso & Coupland- Brook Fox R. jun. Norwich, silk dealer (Taylor and Ros.
G, Lockwood, Yorkshire, woollen manufacturer coe, Temple-Foot B. Gracechurch Street, tavern
(Battye, Chancery lane-Ball J, Poole, shoemaker keeper (Reardon and Davis Grucechurch street
Alexander & Ilolnie, New inn-Beekett & Ro. Firth M. Cooperbridge, Yorkshire, lime burner
herts, Silver street, Wood street, factors (Butler, (Battye, Chancery lane-Flacton F. Berwick
Cornbill-Beris T. Oxford street, coach maker Street, Soho, jeweller (Mayhew and co, Chancery
(Carleton High street, Mary le bone-Blachford R. lape-Finch R. Cowper's row, Crutched friars,
rower hill, stationer (Abbott, Markulane-Basham spirit merchant (Daws and Chatfield, Angel court,
c. Norwich, coach maker (Tilbury & Langdale, Throgmortou street.
Falcon-square, Loudon-Bromley, jun, J. Stafford,
shoeniaker (Price & co. Lincoln's inn-Ball T. Grav J. Drury lane, commission agent (Willett,
Keyford, woolstapler (Bridges & co. Red lion Lothbury-Gortons and Roberts, Tottington, Lan.
Boiton le-Moors, druggist cashire, cotton spinder (Clarke, Richards and Met-
(Cross & Company.-Brown and Harris, Botolph calfe, Chancery lane-Grimsby J. B. Kingston.
lave, ironmongers (Oakley & co. Martin's lane, upon-Hall-Goode T. Leoninster, draper (Pearson,
Cannon Street-Blake T. Cowes, brewer (Bogue, Pump-court. Temple--Gottreux J. Mincing Jane,
Clement's Inn Birt W. Bristol, broker (Poole and broker (Blunt and Bowman, Broad street buildings
Co. Gray's inn-Barch and Smith, Birtley cum -Goode J. Liverpool, merchaut (Arison and
Banford, Lancashire, calico printers (Willis and Wheeler, Liverpool-Golding J. Colchester, tanncs
co. Wartford court-Bell J. R. Old Broad street, (Nelson, Barvard's inn- George and Webb, Bristol,
insurance broker (Kirkinan, Cloak lane.
sugar retiners (Price George W. otherwise Hunt.
с
Frome, clothier (Williams, Red Lion square.
Cooke W. Birmingham, merchant (Long and
Austen. Ilolborn court, Gray's inn-Chapman J. Harnis R. Wood street, Spital fields, stationer
Margate, baker (Bell & Broderick, Bow church (Isaacs, Buty street- Holbrook G. Flert market,
Cooper G. Waltou on Thames, brewer (Rogers and poulterer (Kiss, Clifford's inn-Hunter and Orr,
Son, manchester buildings, Westminster-Cohen Bucklesbury, inerchant (Parish, Box church-
G. A St. Swithin's lane, merchant (Bennell and Harris II. Bradford, Wilts. baker (Lakin, Gray's
Dixon, St. Swithin's lane-Cumwings J. Osborn
street, Whitechapel, brewer (Argill, Whitechapel (Smith and Richards, Basinghall street-lolroyde
Cox J. St. Johu's street, shopkeeper (Dobson, J. Halifax, factor (Bemel and Dixon, St. Swithia's
Chancery lane-Coleinan W. Gosport, baker (Alex lane-Hodgson R. Fleet Street, oilman (Guy,
ander and Holme, New inn-Corney J. and R. Howard street-Hunter J. Barge yard Buckler's.
East India Chambers, merchants, (Kearsley and bury (Parton, Bow church yard--Hale, S. Bishops.
Spor, Bishopsgate street.
gate street, tavern keeper (Allison and co. Corn.
D
hill-Hall W. Highgate, victualler (Howell, Sy-
Daniel H, Warren Street, Fitzroy square, coach. mond's innlenderson and Morley, Ludgale hill,
naker (Abraham, Great Marlborough street-Dun drapers (Hartley, New Bridge street-Holder E.
derdale. 1. and H. T. Lenden, merchants (Hord Whyle, Herefordshire, auctioneer (Bach, Furnivals
and Jobinson, Temple-Deakin and Dyer, Birming. inn-Highton and Brewer, Broadway, Blackfriars,
bam, dealers (Clarke, Richards & Medcalf, Chan Warehouseinen (Swain and co. Old Jewry-Horoby
cery lane-Dyer W. Aldersgate street, goidsinith G. Liverpool, brewer (Blackstock and co. Temple
(Upsdell, Fenchurch street-Davis D. New Bond Hartley C. Whitehaven, joiner (Lowden and co.
street, jeweller (Mayhew, Price & co. Chancery Clement's ion--Halmshaw and Swallow, Heck-
labe-Dizon W. jud. Liverpool, wine merchant mondvike, Yorkshire, carpet manufacturer (Evans,


1819.)
403
Bankrupts.
Ilatton gardeo-Hirst A. Beverly, Yorkshire,
worsted manufacturer (Lamberts, Taylor and co. Penfold J. Watling street, warehouseman (Bir-
Gray's inn square-Horton W.S. Rochdale, woollen ket, cloak lane-Palmer J. Wellenborough, wine
manufacturer (Clarke aud co. Chancery lane. merchant (Forster and Warner, Lime-street-Piers
k. Warrington, grocer (Mason & Houseinan, New
Illip worth J. Leeds, merchant (Wilson, Greville Bridge street-Pierre R. Exeter, stone mason
strcel, Vatten guiden-lkins, J. Roehead, in Mir (Darke, Church and Darke, Bedford row - Parker
field, Yorkshire, merchant (Batłye, Cuancery lane. W. Bridgewater, maltster (Alexander and Holme,
New inu--Parsons A. Montague oews, South
Jordan, Smith, Stratford, and Litchfield, Leaden. Herne, dealer (Fielder and Bartley, Duke street
hall street, coach proprietors (Wilkinson, Cornhill Puxley J. Aldermanbury, carpenter (Gray, Tysou
-Jones S. 0. Lambeth, potter (Evitt and Rixon, place--Pyer G. Newport, Monmouthshire, store-
Haydon square-Jopson aud Wigualt, Liverpool, keeper (Cary, Broad street, Bristol - Prattington.
turpentine distillers (Adlington and co. Bediord W and A. L. Bewdley, grocers (Benbow and Al-
row-Jackson, R. W. Melksham, grocer (Empson,
bat, Lincoln's inn-Peake T. Great Coggeshall,
Bath.
Essex, corn factor (Clarke, Great St. Thomas
Apostle-Powell J. & E. Holborn, oil and colour.
Kitchingman, J. Cateaton streetmerchant men (Mort, Essex street-Pettitt G. Birmingham,
(Gylby, Berners street, Oxford road-Kalu and glover (Baxter and Bowker, Gray's inn-Poyner
Cath, Union Street, Little Moorfields, merchanis, R. Stafford, butclier (Price and co. Lincolo's inn-
(Stratton and Allport, Shoreditch.
Parkin W. Nafferton, Yorkshire, miller (Ilall and
L
Campbell, Beserley-Poyner C. Doncaster, York-
Laing C Garford Street, Limebouse, ship chand. shire, draper (Watkin and Pooly, Lincoln's inn-
ler (Dennets, Greeves and co. Coleman street Paine E. jun. Lawrcuce Powntney hill, merchant
Lloyd J. Carnarvon, shopkeeper (Adlington and (Vandercom and Comyn, Bush laue.
Gregory, Bedford row-Lavell J. Lambeth, grocer
R
(Wriglii Fenchurch street-Lough R. Blackfriars Robinsons and Handcock, Manchester, cotton
fond, brassfouuder (Bleasedalc and co. Hatton merchants (Ellis, Chancery lane--Radtord E.
court, Threadneedle street- Levet W. Shadwell, Strand tailor (Lewis, Clements inn- Richardson S.
grocer (Amory and Coles, Lothbury-Lawrence Nicholas lane, merehant (Smitii, Bedford row
R. Minety, Wilts. giocer (Blake and Sou, Cooke's Rossiter E. Warmioster, clothier (Edmunds, Ss.
court, Chancery laue-- Lindsey and Flower, Bath, mond's inn-Ridley R. Basing lane, carpenter
silk mercers (Jodgson, Old Jewry-Lowe G. Man (llodgson, City road-Recs W. Lougher Bul.
chester, merchant (Clarke and co. Warnford court Glamorgan, copper smelter (Price, New square,
- Langston, spor. R. Manchester, cotton merchant Lincoln's inn-Rainsay W. North Shields, ship
(Ellis, Chancery laneLevor J. Ashby de la Zouch, owner (Mitchell and Francis, Corohill-Rhoades
draper (Longland and co. Gray's inn-Lowe and T. jug. Hoxton, glass mounter (Bennett, Token-
Cohen, Manchester, fustian manufacturers (Huid house yard-Read and Hellyer, St. Mary hill,
and Johnson, Temple--Landsell J. Northampton merchants (Montrion, Old King's artes yard, Cole-
square, Clerkeowell, victualler (Robinson & Hine, mag street-Richardson T. King's street, Spital.
Charterhouse square--Lewis J. Mincing lane, mer. fields, weaver (Fell and co. Henrietta street, Co-
chaut Noy and Hardstone, Mincing laue-Lee W. vent garden-Rickards J. E. C. & J. jun. Cannon
Boston, Yorkshire, cloth manufacturer (Battye, street, merchants (Wright, Fenchurch streel
Chancery-lane-Langton R. London, merchant Rossiter J. Shepton Mallet, clothier (Alexander &
(Chester, Staple's ion.
Holme, New ino--Roberts E, Cobourgh road, Kent
M
road, dealer (Birkitt, Cloak lane.
• Moon J. Acres Barn, Manchester, cotton spinner
S
(Milge and Parry, Temple-Mornon R. M Shirton Self R. I, Whitecross street, grocer (Wildett
Mallet, grocer (King and Lukin Gray's inn-Mes. Tokenhouse yard-Smith, T. York, butter factor
siter R. Bristol, wool dealer (Elrounds, Symonds (Eyre, Gray's iun square-Stratham, P. and J. Ard.
'ion-Marks J. Bach place, New road, chinaman wick, dyers (Ellis, Chancery lane-Steemason T.
(Lewis, Clement's inn-Mcaden W. Bath, coach Kingston ou Hull, ship builder (Roser and co.
maker (Benne! und Dixon, St. Sunthin's lane Burtlet's buildings-Slingsby J. Manchester, calico
Meuning W. Bristol, dealer Frankes. Bristol printer (Kay-Shepherd M. Fareham, hop dealer
Mallinson D. & T. Lipton, Yorkshire, dothiers (Alexander and Holme, New ing-Smith W. New-
(Brown, Huddersfield-Martin M.D. Burlington castle-upon Tyne, grocer (Amory and Coles, Loth.
Arcade, jeweller (Cardale and Young, Teinple bury--Shoobridge C. Kensington, draper (Wilde.
Montague, D. West street, Smithfield, soap maker College hill-Sowdon R. Canterbury, draper (Wale
(Allison and co. Freemans court-Moss B. Good- ker and co. Old Jewry--Scudamiore C. Manchester,
man's fields, watchmaker (Mayhew and co. Chan woollen manufacturer (Law, Manchester; Adling.
cery Jane-Mumford E. Liverpool, silversmith ton and co. Bedford row-Smithson R, Whalley,
(Dacie aud John. Temple bar- Midgley R. Hardea, bullon factor (Makinson, Temple-Swanzy J. Aus.
orkshire, (Ashniore and Hamilton, Henrietta tin fruar, merchant (Dennetts and co. Kiog's arms
street, Covent garden-Macdonald and Waring, yard, Coleman street-Smith B. Bristol, coal mer.
- Liverpool, merchants (Adlington and co. Bedford chant (Bourdillon and Hewett, Bread street, City
tow.
-Schofield T. Kingston upon Thames, malster
(Parolher and Turner, London-street-Shaw, J.
Nightingale and Byrne, George street, Portman Stonehouse, Devon. pawo broker (Bozon & Tink,
square, iailor (Fielder and Bartley, Duke stieet Plymouth.
Norris T. Whitehart yard, Drury lane, victualler
T
(Miloe and Party, Temple.
Turk T. Rose street, Newgate market, butcher
(Lewis, Clement's ino-Taylor T. Bristol, tobacco.
Ori J. Barge yard, merchant (Patton, Bow eburch Dist (Lambert, Taylor and co-Tupman J. Great
yard-Oughton J. Deretend Mills, Warwick (Hall, Russell street, watchmaker (Jones and Bland,
Great James street, Bedford row-Outram J. and Great Mary.le bone street-Thomson S. Red Cross
Welsh W. Liverpool, brewers (Taylor and Deapi. street, calenderer (Palmer and Frances-Tuson J.
son, Temple,
Cannon street road, builder (Lewis, Crutched
N


464
(June 1,
Dividends.
friars-Thompson J. Joiner Street, Sonthwark,
victualler (Pratt, Ilarpur street-Tayler T. Guild.
ford, liquor merchant (Childe, Upper Thames
street-Tittinsor W. & J. Foster Taue, button
sellers (Jones, New inn-Tolley S. hidlington,
Oxon, corn dealer (Robinson and linde, Charter.
house square,
Great Queen street, shoemaker (Jones, Nering
Watts, W. P. Gosport, victualler (Ilashman, Dr
pluce-Wotherspoon M.Liverpool, merchant Our
and co. Liverpool-Wilson E. Nowcastle-up
Tyne, merchant (Atkinson and co. Chancery in
-Watt J. Preston, inanufacturer (Eilis, Chaber
Trpe-Walker J. West Smilebeld, Lailor (Carpeese
Old Jewry-Wood B. Marlborough, busier in
Tor, Jolin Street, Bedford row-Williams 1.6.
Princes street, Mary-le-bone, painter (Rigley, G.
den square-Williams L. Briginton, Carpenter .
user and Frauce, Bedford row-Woodward J. Bas
bury, Oxon. upholder (Platt, Lincola's ine-
dington, G. Blackburn, factor (Roulerwi, Tatay
morton street.
Vauder Cleft. H. H. Lambeth, oil merchant (Bour.
dillon and Hewitt, Beat street.
W
Wart J. Preston. manufacturer (Ellis, Chancery
Jane Wilson T. Jon Sileet, Clerkenwell. car
penier (Jones, Eruoswick square--Williams E.
Birmingham, victualler (Edmonds, Lincoln's inn-
Wood R. Hart street, Bluomsbury, paper hanger
(Hudson, City road--Williams W. G. Throgmorton
street, auctioneer (Artision and 10. Freeman's
cout--Wharton W. & J. Leominster, carriers
(Berke, Devonsbile sujeet, Queen square-- Wild
R. Craven street, Strand, trilor (Passmore, Warn-
ford court-Wyatt, T. St. Jobu's strept, coach
master (Wilians, Blackmaa strect--Warne W.
Yaodall E. Hoddesdon, Herts, coach proprietar
(Gray, Tyson place, Kingsland-Yates G. Totta
ham court road, plumber (Turner, Perry strett.
Z
Zimmer J, Welbeck street, merchant (Oauey !
Birch, Martin's lane, Cappon strect.
E
DIVIDENDS.
grocor, Juve 9-Cullen M. Liverpool, merchant,
Ashworth J. Manchester, grocer, May 28-Asi- June 10--Colbeck & Ellis, Castlefield; Wilkes, se
mead T. Bristol, haberdasher, May 9 and 31- Burley; Holdworth, Bradford, and J. Holdersche
Ashby R. Poultry.eugraver. May 90-Anderson A. Morley, Yorkshire, flax ssiouers, June 19.
Pipot lane, merchant, May 29- Abbott P. D:
Powis place, insurance broker, May 25-Appleyard Dowley T. & J. Willow Street, Backside, an
J. Cross street, Haitou garden, merchant, May 20 dealer, May 15--Dubois I. Brixton, insurance bero
--Ahbolt P. Lime streer, merchaut, July 5-dikin. ker, May 15 ---Dowdall J. Dartmouth street, ca
son J. W. Morden. Surrey, farmer. June 19 -- All peper, May 15 Deau J. Poplar, baker,
port E. Birminghain, plater, June 17.
Dealezy N. Southampton, inu keeper, da
Day R. Crooked lane, oilman, June 1-D.
Barnard W. Lloyd's coffee house, underwriter, Cardiff, builder, May 28-Dancey J. Bristol, to
May 15- Bartlett R. Vincent square, wheelwrights, per, May 05-Duffeld J. Tottenbam street, con
barge master, Nay 42-Boyle R. Themes street, dealer, May 29-Delamine II. Liverpool, ski
mi rebant, May 8--Bonser, Newcomb and Pesson, chants, June 14--Day H. Tovil, sced crusher, Jay
Cannon sireet, silk manufacturers, June 29-Biyan 31--Dibuen J. Camberwell, victualler, June 1
W. White Lion court, merchaut, May 80--Bell C. Dowley T. and J. Bankside, coal the case,
F and R. F. Oxford sucet, diaper, June 5- Black. Muy "2.
born J. Witham. Esses, coinfartor, May 25-Boyce
J. Romford, farmer, Joly 3- Brooke & Bowstead, Elgar W. Maidstone, grocer, May 11-E-285 B,
Nantwich, brewers, May 27-Pishop T. Birining. Grimsby, Worcester, coul dealer, May 25-Evita
harr, bayonet maker, May 2 Black E. Brockton, W. Cambridge, cora dealer, June 4.
Miller, May 29--Batt, Backsbell & Batt, Witnes,
F
bankers, June 5 - Betts T. llonduras street, dis Friday R. jun. Isleworth, barge master, May !!
tiller, June 19-Bishop A, Maidstone, distiller, -Fostel T. & E. S. Yalding, talsters, Las il-
July 3-- Pond W. Dover, brever, Juue 8-Bayn Torder W. Basingstoke, coach proprietors, Blasio
ton T. & W.Kidderminster, grocers, Jube 8- Bar Fawcett, G. George yard, paper hanger, dass
nard H. Lloyd's coffee house, underwriter, June 1 Fowler J. Birchio lane, broker, May 18-Furnish
Beckett O. Winchester, wine merchant, June 15 Liverpool, draper, May 19--Fletcher J. LIVE
-Blundell M. B. & S. Holborn bridge, drapers, ship chandler, May 31-Favence G. com
June 1- Beckett W. B. Wakefield, draper, June court, bill broker, June 3-Pawler W. & J. ARE
25-Broajbelt W. Preston, com merchant, June Mills, Sutfordshire, millers, June 14.
26-Burn W. & R. Exeler, lutors, June y.
с
sirods. Paddington street, bookbinder, Mar
Cullum P. P. Lambeth, brewer, May 22 - Coburn Gibbs J. Buxtead, Sussex, fariner, May 16
T. Newland, Oxtord, wool stapler, May 15-Crow. nett A Liverpool, merchant, May 91-Oy
Jey T. Kingstop-upon-Hull, grocer, Mov 18-Clancy Norwich, broker, May 17 --Grellier and the
W. Broad street, provision merchant, May 15 Guildford street, Borough, lime burners, 35)
Coles A Portland street, coach maker, May 18 - --Gompertz A. Great Winchester strert, men
Cooke H. Coleman Street, merchant, May 25 May 22--Gray J. & B. Loudon, merchants, kas
Charleton J. Newcastle upon Tyne, May 05--Cranch 20-Grithiths J. Bristol, victualler, June 172
W.G. Guildford street, Surrey, draper, May 22 stant G. Welçlose square, sugar refiger, June 1
Coweu G, Great Prescott strert, merchants, May
20-Campbell, P. Liverpool, draper, May 31 Hadwen W. Lancaster, sailcloth manufactus
Children G. Woodgate W. T. & Scoone, W. Tun May 19-Humble s. Liverpool, hop fact
bridge, Kent, bankers, May 25-Cutbush H. & W. 99-Ilaines J. Longton, Lancashire, cartier,
Maidstone, carpenters, May 25 Cartwright G. Bir 20-Houghton H. Wartou, Lancashire, deale,
mingbam, bellows maker, May 23 - Card S sen, 18-Hardisty and Lodge, Thorphill, mer
and Lodes Thornhill merchants:
Merewitlis, larmer, June 8-Coate's W. Skipton, May 22-Ilazard S. R. Liverpool, merchant, ****


1819.)
465
Digest of Political Events.
1
18-Uambly w. Falmouth, merchant, Mas og shipwright, June 8-Pallett & Massey, Lore lane,
Harper J. Fleet street, bookseller, May 99-Ilas. factor, June 20-Parsons S. Hanover street, Long
well B. Wellington Herefordshire, grocer, June 5 -
cer, June 3- acre, coach plater, June 19— Proctor and Besser,
Haddan W. Clements lane, tea dealer, Juae 19- Sleysing lane, cloth factors, June 19.
Holland and Ball, Worcester, hop merchants, June
R
16-llaghes S. Liverpool, liquor merchant, June Roper T. Islington, rope maker, May 15- Reed
17-Humble M. Liverpool, merchant, June 14. J. Newcastle upon Tyne, sadler, May 11-Roberto
J. Wood street, Spitalfields, silk weaver, June 8
Jones S. St. Paul's church yard, silk manufac. Ritchie & Moffatt, Liverpool, merchants, June -
turer. May 25-Johnson J. E.Hyde street, Blooms. Rees W. Bristol, ship owner, May 27 - Richards
bury, mariner, May 15-Jones R. Basinghall street, S. Liverpool, merchant, May 31-Reed J. Fleet
factor, May 25-Jobuson R. Plymouth, grocer, street, bookseller, May 22-Roure J. P. De Angel
May 05-Johnson W. & H. Liverpool, coach ma. court, merchant, June 15-Rogers B. Aston upou.
kers, May 31-Jarvis H. Tolienham court road, Mersey, corn dealer, June 9.
Cabinet maker, June 29-Jenkins T. Judd street,
S
mariner. June 19-Jordan W. Barnwood, Glouces. Sheath A. Boston, banker, May 14Simpson H.
tershire, corn dealear, June 14.
T. Manchester, hosicr, May 31 --Soutton E. Snow
к
hill, dealer, May 15-Seager S. P. Maidstone, dea-
Kay W. Liverpool, paper dealer, May 20- Kar. ler, May 11-Smart J. Kingsgate street, May 11-
peles R. Dover, fruit dealer, June 5-Kirkman J. Shackeltou 8. Leeds, shopkeeper, May 26–S'Barbe
City road, brewer, May 3-Knibbs J. H. Lime J. Austia friars. ship owner, May 20-Simpson G,
street, insurance brokes, June 12.
Upper Grosvenor street, inariner, June 8-Savidge
L
J. East Stoke, coal sel er. June 19--Sissel T. Jewin
Long & Feltoe, Tower Street, wine inerchants, street, tailor, May 09--Salmon R. Aldham, Essex,
May 29--La Forte Merac M. Queen-street, Cheap carpenter, June Sanderson J. Leeds, draper,
side, warehouseman, May 18- Lane T North Aud. June 17--Sykes J. & J. merchants, June 17-Sweet
ley street, upoIder, June 3-Logan, Lenox, Stubs, M. Taunton, ian keeper, June 15- Somerby W.
and Welsh, Liverpool, merchants, June 3~ Lukey Fish street buli, merchant, Jane 19.
T. Fowey, grocer, June 7-Leaa, J. H. Fenchurch
T
street, insurance broker, June 5-Laing G, Deme Thomason, Underhill, and Gent, Birmingham,
rara, merchant, June 12.
merchant, May 17-Tappenden J. Farersham, scrie
M
vener, May 26-Tomlinson W. Toxeth park, Lan.
Mills C. E. Stamford, uploldier. May 97-Morley cashire, merchant, May 21- Todd & Wright, Titch-
G. Lewes, Sussex, carpeoter, May 22 - Mead J. borne street, haberdashers, May 29-Taylor J. Gos
Birmingham, wheelwright, June 8--Muir A. Leeds, port, pawnbroker, May 27-Taylor W. Liverpool,
Jioon draper, June 26- Middlewood J. W. White merchant, May 26-Taylor S. Oxendon street,
chapel, perfumer, May 22--Marsden S. Manchester,
Thistlewood G. Muscovy court,
diy salter, June 17-Miles J. High Holborn, draper, Tower bill, flour factor, June 3-Twemlow W.
June 19-Mumford W. Sherne, and J. Eastdown, Winnington, drug vender, June 8-Todd G. New.
Higbam, Kent, timber merchants, June 1--Mills castle upon Tyne, spirit merchant, June 14-Tay.
W. A. Kempsey, miller, June 14.
Jor J. sen. Old street rond, pasteboard manufuc.
N
turer, June 12.
Nowell & Birci, Jewry street, Aldgate, whole.
sale stationers, June 12.
Wolf and Wise, Manchester, cotton dealers,
P
May 15 -Wilmot S. R. Bristol, brewer, May 13-
Packer W. High street, Whitechapel, oilman, Warwick and Aldred, Rotherban, chiemists, May
May 15-Paliner W. Clifton, May 20.-Peyton J. 14-Wright C. Charles street, Solo, upholsterer,
Christchurch, Hants, draper, May 11-Polley J. May 18-Workman J. Ousby, Cumberland, sheep
Gray's inn lane, glazier, May 25-Pearson P. Li. dealer, May 26-Watson S. Newcastle upon Tyne,
verpool, merchant, Jun. 1--Pratt J. Brook's place, merchant, June 5--Woolcombe W. & W. jun. Ro.
surgeon, May 29--Poulgrain H. and R. Howey, therhithe, ship builders, Jane 15.
1
1
W
DIGEST OF POLITICAL EVENTS.
GREAT BRITAIN.
the country is awakening to a sense of
AMONGST the many proceedings of its danger on that head. Persons of all
the House of Commons within the pre- sects deprecate concessions. There is
sent month, nothing perhaps is more indeed this wide difference between other
curious than the number of the arrests dissenters from the established church
of their own members, ordered by the and Catholics. The Trinitarian and
authority of the House. We do not Unitarian may associate withont waging
make this observation as disputing either war on the religions opinions of each
the right of the House or the propriety other : not so the Catholic; he regards
of its exercise: we merely notice the all dissenters from his church as heretics,
singular appearance which it gives to and it is av imperious duty imposed upon
our proceedings amongst foreigners, who him to rescue them froin destruction-
do not understand them, and who judge and therefore he cannot be passive.
of acts by their forms, and not by their
HOUSE OF COMMONS.
substance.
On the 3d, Mr. Grattan moved the
The Catholic Question has again been House for a committee to consider the
Fra revived, and we rejoice to perceive that state of the laws relating to the Roman
band 'NEW MONTHLY MAG.-No.65
VOL. XI. 30


466
Digest of Political Events.
(June 1,
Catholics of this kingdom, and also the have it condemned with execrations, as
oaths and declarations required to be oppressive and tyrannical.
taken by them, in order to the enjoy- Mr. Tierney brought forward his long
ment of civil offices and the exercise of promised motion on the state of the
civil functions. After an animated dis. nation on the 18th, in a speech of con-
cussion, in which much argument was siderable length, and displaying much
adduced on both sides, the motion was eloquence, but, at the same time, much
negatived by a majority of only two- rancour towards bis Majesty's ministers.
241 being for it, and 213 against it. It Notwithstanding the able support he
is well known that upwards of 40 mem- received from those gentlemen on his
bers were in readiness to vote against side of the House, the confidence of the
the question, but they were taken by members at large in the present admi-
surprise.
nistration was most triumphantly mani-
The report of the Bank Committee fested by a majority of above two to one
was presented to the House on the 6th against it, and that in the fullest house
by Mr. Peel. We regret that our pre- ever known in the annals of Parliaments.
sent limits will not allow us to give a The speech of Lord Castlereagh deli-
copy of the original document. It comvered upon this occasion, was amongst
mences with a fact, which, though neces- the finest ever delivered before the
sary to put forth, must have long been House : in the midst of great eloquence
known to every man in the kingdom, and happy illustration, many plain truths
that the bank is not only solvent, but on the state of our affairs and the con-
that its affairs are in a flourishing con- stitution of parties were elicited.
dition. It appears from the statement In the Lords the great question of the
of the committee, that if it were called bank came under discussion on the 21st.
upon to pay all its outstanding demands It was preceded by the communication
at this time, it would still have a ba- of an important document, which was a
lance, after paying of above eleven mil. paper delivered to government by the
lions, exclusively of the debt due to it directors of the bank, containing their
from government, to the amount of views of the plan recommended by the
about fourteen millions, repayable at the committees of the two Houses of Par-
expiration of the charter.
liament. This paper is dated the 20th
The motion which was agreed to, of inst. and expresses, in strong language,
inquiring into the state of the royal the opinions of the directors, that the
burghs in Scotland, is likely to lead to proposed plan cannot be carried into
some very important changes.
execution without the risk of producing
The report for regulating the settle- great mischief to the country. They
ment of the poor was thrown out on the profess their willingness, however, to
10th by a motion of Mr. C. Phillips, co-operate with any measure deliberately
which was carried, that the report of it sanctioned by the legislature, and are
should be read a second time that day only anxious to escape from the respon-
six months. Great alarms were felt at sibility of those evils which they antici-
the principle of this bill, especially in pate as the inevitable result of the one
the manufacturing districts of the king contemplated, and in which, had they
dom, where a casual population must remained silent, they were apprehensive
always be attracted, from the employ- they might be considered as acquiescing.
ment that can be obtained, but which They chiefly complain, that, by the de-
would have been converted into a bur- claration of a definite period, within
den upon the resident inhabitants by the which they are to pay in cash, and by
operation of the proposed law. '
the specification of intermediate but fixed
On the 13th the attorney general periods, at which they are to pay in bul-
moved for leave to bring in a bill by lion, they will be precluded from exer-
which the neutrality of this country, cising any discretionary power in regu-
pending the struggle between Spain and lating the amount of circulating medium,
her colonies, shall be maintained
according to the exigencies of the com-
The bill for abolishing the game laws munity; and they apprehend great em-
was rejected on the 11th by a great ma- barrassments and dangers to all the pub-
jority. This affords us another occa- lic interests of the nation, by being thus
sion for congratulation to those who deprived of that discretionary power.
view with alarm the spirit of change that the resolutions, founded upon the
is abroad. It is but to name any exist- report of the Secret Committee on Bank
ing law or institution to the numerous Affairs, were moved on the 24th by Mr.
theorists and reformers of the day, to Peel, in an able and eloquent speech


1819.)
467
Digest of Political Events.
The House, after having given them all to England, in execution of the Conven-
that serious attention which such im- tion of the 3rd September, a demand of
portant measures required, and after a some explanation as to the nature of the
protracted debate, which lasted nearly treaty was made by M. Beugnot: the
two nights, ordered bills, founded on reply was, that it was a compromise
those resolutions to be drawn, without made for public property captured by the
a dissentient voice.
English army about Bourdeaux and the
We are happy to observe that the lan- south, on the invasion of 1814.
guage used throughout the whole of
SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.
this important discussion has been that The terms of a truce and suspension of
of the most becoming temperance, mo- hostilities for two years, between the Por-
deration, and conciliation. The senti tuguese and Tunisians, was signed by
ment of both sides of the House dis- their respective commissioners.
played a laudable desire to allay the The Portuguese government, in order
alarm with which the commercial inte to clear the coast of Brazil from the nu-
rests have been seized on the occasion, merous Insurgent privateers, had, in adı
while those gentlemen immediately con- dition to the armed ships sent from other
nected with the bank have afforded the ports, dispatched froin Pernambuco a
gratifying assurance, that there is no sloop of war to cruize in search of them.
ground for the apprehension entertained Very shortly after this vessel had put to
that the bank would, in consequence of sea, instead of her taking privateers, she
the adoption of the resolutions, contract was herself captured by them, after an
its issues for public accommodation. action which lasted nearly two hours, as
On the 25th the Chancellor of the the Portuguese are so ill suited to con-
Exchequer moved that the sum of duct any naval enterprise. The corsairs
200,0001. of the unclaimed dividends be which took the sloop of war, sailed un-
applied to the public services, which was der the flag of General Artigas, and were
carried.
filled chiefly with American sailors.
Sir C. Monk made a motion for the The Madrid official gazettes have pub-
production of certain papers regarding lished dispatches, recently received by
the military occupation of Parga in the government, from Morillo and the
1814.
Military commandant of Calabozo.
PRANCE.
They communicate details of the pas-
The final decision of the Chamber of sage of the Aranca by the royal troops.
Peers upon the law of the liberty of the In the action that took place, it is stated,
press, was carried by a majority of 108. that the Insurgent forces in that quarter
The amount of securities to be demand- were completely routed; having two
ed from the conductors or proprietors of hundred men killed and many wounded.
periodical writings, was the great topic Their retreat put the Royalists in pos.
of debate, and it was ultimately agreed, session of a considerable number of hor-
that securities should be required for ses, arms, and cattle; the latter now oc-
every daily journal.
cupy the fertile plains of Merecuria, and
The trial of Marinet and Cantillon, are well provided with every necessary
charged with an attempt to assassinate to terminate the campaign. They were
the Duke of Wellington, has excited a about to follow up their success by pur-
considerable interest among all classes. suing the retrcating rebel forces.
and their acquittal is much to be regretted,
AMERICA.
though not to be wondered at, that this The Russians appear to have relin-
judicial examination should have given quished to the United States, all her
birth to sentiments, which shew, by their right to the countries on the Pacific
re-action, that the public feeling in Pa- ocean south of the 56th degree of North
ris is not an amicable one towards the latitude ; Great Britain having relin-
illustrious individual whose life was me- quished all her's to the same countries,
naced.
after the ten years stipulated in the late
The discussions on the subject of the treaty with respect to a certain portion
Budget has been maintained with great of them. The United States will now
energy on either side. On the grant of possess a territory embracing fifteen de.
1 sum of 2,200,000 francs, payment made grees of latitude in the Pacific ocean.


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All Exchequer Bills dated prior to the month of March, 1818, have been advertised to be paid off, and the Interest thereon has ceased.
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66
N. B. The above Table contains the highest and lowest prices, taken from the Course of the Exchange, &c, originally published by John Castaign, in the year 1712, and aci
Published, cvery Tuesday and Friday, under the authorily of the Commillee of the Stock Exchange, by
JAMES WETENHALL, Scock-Broker, Angel court, Throgmorton-street, London,
On application to whom the original documents for bear a century past may be reade


470
(June 1,
Births, Marriages, &c. in London and Middleser.
street, the lady of Sir John Chandos Reade, Bridge-street, to Mary, daughter of the
bart. of a daughter.-In Cleveland-row, late William Coghlan, eso. of this city,
Lady Louisa Lambton, lady of J. G. Lamb- At Hackney, Thomas, only son of John
ton, esq. M. P. a daughter -In Charles- Wadham, esq. of Frenchay, near Bristol, to
street, Berkley-square, the lady of Thomas Elizabeth, younger daughter of the late
Bates Rous, esq. of a daughter.--At his William Cook, esq. of Grove-street Hack-
house in Howland-street, Fitzroy-square, ney.-At the New-Church Mary-le-bone,
the lady of William Nodes, esq. of a son. Jasper Atkinson, jan. esq. of the Royal
Lady Charles Bentinck of a son.-In Con- Mint, to Miss Louisa Gill, only daughter of
duit-street, the Right Hon. lady James the late Captain and lady Harriett Gill.
Stuart, of a daughter.-Mrs. Richards, At Stoke Newington, John Scott, esq. of
Great Coram-street, Brunswick-square, of Islington, to Miss Ley, of the former
a son.-Countess Flahaut was safely deli- place.- At St. George the Martyr's, Queen-
vered of a daughter. The lady Charlotte square, I. W. Bell, esq. of Bernard-atreet,
Macgregor Murray was safely delivered of Russell-square, to Appa Maria, youngest
a son.-at Mrs. Robart's, 49, Lower Gros- daughter of W. B. Luttly, esq. of Wands-
venor-street, the lady of John Madocks, esq. worth.-At Newington Church, the Rev.
of a daughter and still-born son.-At H. G. Phillips, Rector of Great Welpetham,
Oxford House, Grosvenor-place, London, and Vicar of Mildenhall, in this county, to
lady Milton, of a daughter, being her Lady- Frances, fourth daughter of Capt. Thomas,
ship’s seventh child.–Lady of J. Brown of Dover-place, Kent-road-Nash Crosier
Wilks, of a still-born child.-Mrs. Arthur Hilliard, of Gray's-inn, Solicitor, third sur-
Miller Rose, City-road, of a son.-In York- viving son of the late Edward Hilliard, esq.
street, the lady of Lieut. Dance, 2d Life- to Lettice Elizabeth, eldest daughter of
guards, of a son.
Wm. Hallett, esy. of Denford House, Berks.
Marriages.] John Kirkland, eldest son -Alexander Grant, esq. of Clapham, and
of John Kirkland, esq. of Glasgow, to Au- Adam-street, Adelphi, to Helen, youngest
gusta Elizabeth, eldest daughter of the late daughter of the late Rev. W. Thorold, of
Major-General John Agmondesham Vesey. Weelsby House, Lincolnshire.-Jn. Maule,
---The Rev. Thomas Fuller, Fellow of St. esq. of Huntingdon, to Miss Elizabeth
„John's College, Cambridge, to Sophia Watson, the only daughter of William
Mary, fourth daughter of the late Wm. Watson, esq. of Wisbech, in the county of
Paterson, esg. of Devonshire-place, and St. Cambridge.--Mr. Robert Goldstone, of
David's, in the Island of Jamaica.-Clot- Westgate-buildings, to Miss Bowden, of
worthy Macartney, esq. of Dublin, to Jane, Old Bond-street.-At St. George's Hanover-
daughter of the late James Mayne, esq. of square, London, by the Rev. the Vice-
Honduras.-D. D. Dalison, esq. of Hamp- Chancellor of this University, the Right
tons, in the county of Kent, to Anne Maria Hon. the Earl Temple, M.P. eldest son of
Shaw, daughter of Sir John Shaw, bart. of the Most Noble the Marquis of Bucking-
Kenward, in the same county.-R. H. ham, to the Right Hon. the Lady Mary
Sparks, esq. of Tottenham, to Fanny, Campbell, second daughter of the Earl of
daughter of the Rev. Thomas Roberts, Breadalbane.-At St. James's-church, Lon-
Vicar of the same place.—The Rev. James don, the Hon. Richard Neville, (son of
Stratten, of Maida-vale, Paddington, to Lord Braybrook,) to lady Jane Cornwallis,
Rebecca, eldest daughter of Thos. Wilson, (daughter of the Marquis of Cornwallis.
esq. of Highbury-place.--Joseph Sills, esq. At St. George the Martyr's, Queen-square,
to Catherine, widow of the late William I. W. Bell, esq. of Bernard-street, Russells
Paulton, esq. and youngest daughter of square, to Anna Maria, youngest daughter
James Payn, esq. of Maidenhead.At of W. B. Lutly, esq. of Wandsworth. At
Mary le Bone New Church, Henry St. Stepney, Thomas Brigham Toovey, sur.
John Georges, esq. of the 19th Lancers, to geon, to Harriet Walton Frazer, eldest
Mary Ann, eldest daughter of the late daughter of the late Richard Frazer, esq. at
David Mitchell, esq.--At the New Church, Lambeth.--At Hadley, Middlesex, the Rev.
St. Mary-le-bone, by the Right Rev. the Edmund Harden, to Maria, daughter of the
Lord Bishop of Norwich, the Rev. John late J. C. Blanckenhagen, esq.-At White-
Peter Chambers, Rector of Heddenham, in chapel-church, J. H, L. youngest son of
this county, to Anna Maria, eldest daughter J. K. Jardine, esq. of Wixoe, Suffolk, to
of J. R. Maxwell, esq. of Harley-street, Sarah Elizabeth, daughter of the late Rev,
London.–At St. Martin's Church, London, John Lane, Vicar of Sawbridgeworth,
Mr. William Stafford of Piccadilly, to Mrs. Herts.-At St. George's-church, Hanover
Mary Briant, of Vine-street, Piccadilly.. square, James Buckton, esq. Solicitor, of
The Earl of Buckinghamshire, to Miss Doctor's Commons, London, to Eliza Phil.
Glover, of Keppel-street, Russell-square.- lippa, third daughter of the late Mr. George
Lieut.-Col. Wemyss, to Miss Ball, only Link, of Hereford.- At St. James's-church,
daughter and heiress of the late H. P. Ball, John, second son of the late Joseph Mas-
esq.-At St. Ann's, Soho, Edward Walker, fen, esq. of Cannock, Staffordshire, to Anda
esq. of Blackheath, to Eliza, eldest daughter Maria, daughter of the late Rev. George
of the Rev. Thomas Fawcett, Rector of Bellasis, D, D. Rector of Yattenden, and
Ayuho, in this county. --William Barrett of Vicar of Basildon and Ashampstead.-At


1819.)
471
Deaths, &c.
St. Ann's-church, Edward Walker, esq. of Dumfries, and wife of Anthony T. Thomp-
Blackheath, to Eliza, eldest daughter of the esq, surgeon--- At his residence, White-lion-
Rev. Thomas Fawcett, Rector of Aynho, street, Pentonville, Joseph Nicholls, esq.
Northamptonshire.--Woodbine Parish, jun. Lieutenant of the Royal Denbigh. 32---In
esq. son of the Chairman of the Board of Gray's Inn Square, K. S. Henson, young-
Excise in Scotland, to Amelia, only daugh- est son of the late Rev. F. Henson, rector of
ter of Leonard Becher Morse, esq. of Nor- South Kilvington, 24---At his house in Glou-
wood - Mr. Joseph Joynson, of Vauxhall, cester-place, Richard Clay, esq. 59---At his
Surrey, to Miss Mary Wright, of Wirks house in Baker-street Portman-square, G.
worth, Derbyshire. At Hanwell-church, Brown, esq. 43, Jate a Member of the Go-
William Rhodes James, esq. to Caroline, vernment of Bombay--- In St. James's-place,
second daughter of the late 'Richard Pope, the Right Hon. Mary, Countess Dowager
esq.-At St. George's, Hanover-square, Poulett, 87---In Gower-street, R. J. the son
Lieut. Wm. B. Bowyer, R. N. to Frances, of Walker Skirrow, esq. aged 4 months---
daughter of the late Captain Beek, of the R. P. Davies, eldest son of R. Davies, esq.
East India Service.
of Southwark, 28.
Died] At Enfield Highway, Mr. J. Wil Richard Baker, of Westleigh, in the parish
son, 58. A Horticulturist of considerable of Burliscombe, Somersetshire, a small far-
eminence- Rowland, the only son of Mr. mer (but better known by the name of " Con-
Brasbridge, of Fleet-street, 28-The infant juror Baker'?), died last week, full of years
· son of C. Teesdale, esq.—Maria, the wife of and iniquities, being 70 years old, and hav-
T. U, Budd, esq. of Bedford-row.-At his ing, during the far greater part of his life,
lord ship's house, in Clarges-street, Char- practised the gainful tactics of the “ Black
lotte, Countess of Onslow,69– In St. James's Art.”---In poticing the death of a character
Place, R. Lyster, esq. one of the Represen- who, for nearly half a century, has been
tatives for Shrewsbury-At Harefield, near daily and hourly employed in alternately
Uxbridge, Marianne Elizabeth, wife of the counting the wages of his villainies, and in
Rev. G. Faussett-Mr. J. Irwin, of Oxford- laughing at the follies of a cheated multi-
street 61-In Poland-street, the Rev. W. tude, it would be no upit opportunity for
Strickland, head of the ancient family of taxing the risibilities of our readers, by
Strickland, of Sizer, Westmoreland, 87. He pourtraying the deceased krave with all the
made over, at an early age, to his younger mirthful embellishments of which his life
brother (grandfather of the present repre- and occupations are so abundantly suscepti-
sentative of the family, C. S. Standish.esq.) ble. In common justice, we might for once
the whole of his patrimonial inheritance, re- laugh at him, who has, in so many thousand
serving only a small annuity, and retired to instances amused and profited himself by
the English Jesuit's college, at St. Omer's, making a jest of others; but his life is too
where he embraced the ecclesiastical state as much clogged with the heaviness of a guilty
a member of that society- At his house, in account, to allow one redeeming ray to qua-
Devonshirs-place, J. Tunno, esq. 74-In lify the lurid aspect of his mortal reckoning.
Park-street, Mr. F. Fiorello, for many years It may surprize the distant reader, whose
known as a great musical composer-In ears have never been afflicted with the dole-
Charlotte-row, Walworth, Mrs. Cooper, re- ful superstitions of the western counties, to
lict of the late B. Cooper, of Botolph-lane, be informed, that such was the fame of the
Orange-merchant, 79--In Half-moon-street, deceased wizard, that the educated as well as
Piccadilly, Major Scott Waring, who was the uninstructed of all classes, were in the
long distinguished in the llouse of Com- habits of resorting to him from all parts of
mons for his unremitting exertions in the this and the neighbouring countries for the
cause of his friend, the late Mr. Warren exercise of his cabalistic skill, and on a Sun-
Hastings-At his house, Museum-street day, which was the day for hi: high orgies,
Bloomsbury, W. Baker, 58, well known in vehicles of superior as well as of lowly des-
the neighbourhood of Grosvenor-square, criptions were found to bring him an eager
where he had been letter-carrier from the throng of votaries. His reputation was uni.
. General Post Office nearly 30 years-At versal, and his gains proportionate. The
Kensington, Mrs. Nares, relict of Dr. N. wonders of his heart would fill the Alexan-
Organist and Composer to his Majesty, 88 drian library. Bad crops, lost cattle, lost
-In Welbeck-street, Mary, the wife of S. treasure and lost hearts, brought their res-
Chamberlayne, esq---]n Grosvenor Square, pective sufferers in ceaseless crouds to his
W. Champion, esq.---At Islington, Mr. R. door. They were all overlooked, he said ;
J. Demett, esq.---In Palsgrave-place, Miss and they overloooked his knavery in their
Mary Griffin -- In Bedford-place, Eliza, confidence of skill. He foretold to the South-
third daughter of the late T. C. Bigge, esg. cottonians that the Shiloh would not come,
-- At Whitehall, the wife of Frederick and who but a conjuror would have known
Whalley, esq. 32.--At Richmond, Emily this? The tenant of sterile land was after a
Jane, eldest daughter of the Rev. William careful inspection of his presiding star, ad-
Wilkinson, of Woodbury--- Io Weymouth- vised to provide a certain quantity of manure,
street, Edward Lestleigh, esq. 76---Mrs. which being spread over his ground in the
Christian H. Maxwell, youngest daughter of form of rams' horns at 12 o'clock precisely
the late Francis Maxwell, town-clerk of on the full moon night, would ir fallibly se-


472
Deaths, fc.
[June 1,
cure a good crop. This astonishing pre- was universal. He was skilled in all kinds of
diction has been repeatedly verified! Sırayed turning; and constructed several very curi-
stock, and mislaid property has been strange- ous lathes, as well as clocks and musical
ly recovered, by only being well looked alter, instruments of every description, no less ad.
provided the wise man had once taken the mired for the sweetness of their tone, than the
inatter in hand; and many a relenting Phil- elegance of their execution. He excelled, too,
lis, who had paried with her Strephon in a in the construction of optical instruments;
huff, has been heard to exclaim on finding and made some reflecting telescopes, the
him return at the very hour calculated by specula of which were not inferior to those
the conjuror,--that “ sure Baker and the finished by the most eminent London artists.
devil were in partnership.”-If to juggling He suggested some important improvements
artifices and petty fooleries of this description, in the machinery for spining fax; and we
the man bad limited his imposture, he might believe he was the first that made the wooden-
have left the world with the simple reputa- jointed snuff boxes,called Laurencekirk boxes,
tion of a knave ; but his avarice led him to some of wluch, fabricated by this self-taught
delude the victim of disease into a fatal reli- artist, were purchased, and sent, as presente,
ance on his affected skill, and very numerous to the Royal Family. To his other endow-
are the isstances of this description, Charm- ments, he added an accurate knowledge of
ed Powders, and Mystic Lotions were con- drawing and engraving, and in both these
fided in, to the exclusion of rational advice arts produced specimens of the highest ex-
and proper remedies, and the death of the cellence. For upwards of fifty years be
old and young has been the consequent quitted his bed only three times, and on these
penalty of such deplorable imbecility. A occasions his house was cither inundated
child, last week, died at Wellington, a mar with water, or threatened with danger from
tyr to its mother's folly of this pature. She fire. His curiosity, which was upbounded,
consulted the heartless villain,and was assured prompted tim to hatch different kinds of
that the intant was “ overlooked.” Some birisi eggs by the natural warmth of his
powders were given to her, accompanied body, and he afterwards reared the motley
Wilb the slang verbosity of his craft, which broods with all the tenderness of a parent ;
the little sufferer was compelled to swallow, so that on visiting him it was no unusual
notwithstanding the mother declared that thing to see various singing birds, to which
“ it made her heart bleed to see the agonies he may be said to have given birth, perched
of her child while taking the dose." The on his head, and warbling the artifical notes
consequence was as we have stated; and he had taught them. Naturally possessed of a
thus the guilt of a cold blooded murderer, is good constitution, and an active, cheerful
superadded to the atrocities which have turn of mind, his house was the general
marked the career of this miscreant through coffee-room of the village, where the affairs
life. His habits were those of an unsocial of the Church and State were discussed with
drunkard; but his Necromancy,notwithstand the utmost freedom. In consequence of
ing the expense of his selfish indulgence. long confinement, his countenance had ra-
has enabled him to leave some property. ther a sickly cast, but it was remarkably
Taunton Courier. expressive, and would have afforded a fine
Died.) James Sandy, the celebrated Alyth subject for the pencil of Wilkie, particularly
mechanic. The originality of genius and when he was surrounded by his country
eccentricity of character, which distinguish- friends. This singular man had acquired,
ed this remarkable person were, perhaps, by his ingenuity and industry, an honour-
dever surpassed. Deprived at an early pe- able independence, and died possessed of
riod of his life of the use of his legs, he con considerable property. In short, his history
trived, by dint of ingenuity, not only to pass holds out this very instructive lesson, that
his time agreeably, but to render himself an no difficulties are too great to be overcome
useful member of society. He soon display- by industry and perseverance; and a genius,
ed a taste for mechanical pursuits, and con- though it should sometimes miss the distinc-
trived, as a work-shop for his operations, a tion it deserves, will seldom fail, unless by
sort of circular bed, the sides of which being its own fault, to secure competency and res.
raised about 18 inches above the clothes, pectability. Ile was married only about
were employed as a platlorm for turuing three weeks before his death, which took
lathes, table-vices, and cases of tools of all place on the 3d. inst. at Alyth.
kinds. His genius for practical mechanics


1819.
(473 )
PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES
IN THE COUNTIES OF ENGLAND, ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY.
BEDFORDSHIRE.
The first stone of the first Provincial Turner, wife of the Rev. G. Torner, vicar of Spels.
bury-At Cbawley, Mr. Francis BraagwM, 70-At
Penitentiary, was laid at Bedford, on the
Su:ton Courtney, Mr. Wi. Alluut, 60—Sarah, wife
21st. inst. by the Marquis of Tavistock.
of . Vansittart, Esq. of Bishain Abbey, daughter
Our readers know that the enthusiastic pro- of the late Sir J. Stonehouse, Bart.-Capt. Hale, of
moter of these institutions is the Honorable Great Marlow.
H. G. Bennett.
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
Some beautiful casts of antique busts have We have the pleasure of inserting the
just arrived for the Duke of Bedford, to be following instance of liberality, conferred on
placed in a temple in Woburn Park; some a Clergyman by his parishioners, which we
of these casts were purchased so high as consider as reflecting much credit on both
30001. each.
parties. The inhabitants of Beaconsfield
berekes | At Bedford, the lady of P. H. Boyce, have presented their late Curate, the Rev ,
Ese of a son-The lady of the Rev. Edward Gal-
Mr. Bradford, with a very handsome piece
pin, ora 09
of plate, bearing the following inscription:
Married.) Henry Andrews, Esq. late of the
4th or King's Owo Regiment, to Mary Eama,
Ji Presented, 1819, to the Rev. William
Mussage Bradford, A. M. by the principal
daughter and only surviving child of the Reverend
Francis Kinchaut, of islonHerefordshire-Mr. Inhabitants of the Parish of Beaconsfield, as
Samuel Wijenee, to Mis, Abrahan, bola of Tur. a token of the high sense they entertain of
veyatt Cossinaton. Mr. T Bracebridge, of Bel. his exemplary conduct during fourteen
grave, to Mary Ann, eldest daughter of Mr. H. M. years, as Carate of that parish, and of their
Gonde, of the torner place.
personal regard and esteem for him as a
Died At Greenfield, near Ampthill, aged 90, friend.”
W Burridge-At Firudislı, Mr. R. Wooding-
Married.) At St. George's church, llanover
Frances-Eliz, only daughter of W. S. Addington,
square, Vugh Richard, eldest son of H.U. Iloare,
Esg, of Goldington Lodge, 60-Mrs. E. T. Taylor,
ot, Esq. to Miss Ann Tyrwhytt Drake, second daughter
widow of the late Nathaniel Taylor, Esq. surgeon,
of the late Thomas Drake Tyrwhit Diake, Esq. of
Ampthill, Beds.-The Rev. Orielar Snith, of Asp.
sp
She
Shardelves-Edw. Abbott, of Moulsoe, to Miss M.
ley House, rector of Salford cum llolcut-75, Mrs.
Cross, of the same place-H. H. Holtzemeyer, Esq.
Ano Potts, relict of the late J. Polis, Gent, of
to Sarah, second daughter of Mr. B. Aris, of Brad.
Toddingtoa.
well--At Buruham, Mr. A. Drew, of Bermondsey,
BERKSHIRE.
Surrey, to Jane, second daughter of Wm. Langton,
For the Silver Cup, which is to be rung Esq. of Chippenham House.
for at Hurst, on Monday the 24th inst. Dicd ) Sarah, wife of Mr. J. Cowley, surgeon,
there will be no less than six sets allowed to Winslow--At Great Marlow, J. Hales, Esq. Capt.
ring; no person residing at Hurst to be an of the West Kept Militia, 30-Zachariah Crabb, 76
umpire.
-At Newport Pagnell, Catharina, the wife of C.
There is now growing at Uplowman, a
M. Hardy, Esq-At High Wycombe, Mr. T. Barnett,
promising crop of barley, in full ear.-In
jun. 47, of Kington, Ilerefordshire.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
a field near Caversham, there is wheat in
The first stone of King's college new
Qar.
Births.) At Maiden Early, the Lady of Walter
Bridge was laid on Tuesday the 1lth inst.
Com:nins, Esq. of a daughter.
without any particular ceremony.
Murried.) H. P. Gale, of Lydcard, St. Lau.
Births.) The Lady of the Rev. J. C. Lewis, of
rence, Somerset, to Sophia, sisih daughter of the
Soobia s hidagvier of the St. Mary's of a daughter.
Jate Rev. J. Evre. of Reading_N. C. Ililliard, ot Married.] At Cambridge, C. W. Warren, Esa.
Gray's Tun, to Lettice-Elizabeth, eldest daughter of
to Miss Keeling-Mr. W.C. Carver, to Miss Scruby,
th Miss Keening-17. W.
Wm. Hallet, Esq. Deuford House-At Sonning, M.
I of Malton-J. Fisher, to Miss Ward, of this city-
Wm. Simonds, of Charval Farm, to Sarah, eldest
J. Maule, Esg. of Huntingdon, to Miss E. Watson,
daughter of Mr. Simonds, of Dansden Green,
of Wisbech-At Burwell, Mr. J. Rayner Hovell,
Oxon-At Newbury, Mr. E. Newman, of Froxfield to Rebecca, sixth daughter of Salisbury Dunn, Ese,
Wilts, to Miss Durnford, only daughter of the late
-Rev. W. J. Carver, M. A. of Trinity college, to
-Rev. W..
F. Durnford, Esq. of Inkpep-H.J. Smith, Esq. of Jane, eldest daughter of J. Beevor, Esq. of St An.
Hungerford, to Jane, only daughter of S. Muunt.
drew's, Norwichi--Rev. T. Fuller, of St. John's
joy. Esg. of Corsham--At Paogbourn. Mr. W. college, to Sophia Mary, fourth danghter of the late
Green, lo Anne, second daughter of Mr. Mathews,
W. Paterson, Esq. of Devonshire-place-J Bradney
of Lower Bowden-At St. James's, the Rev. Wm.
Esq. of Trinity college, to Caroline, fourth daughier
Boots, vica' of Chaddeiworth, ana Domestic Chap-
of the Res. J. Preston, of Fleshy Wall, in Yorkshira
Jain to the Duke of Kent, 10 M13. Garrett. of Waitan
Rev. W. Thore, to Elizabeth, youngest daugiter
tage-At St. Mary's, Mr.J. George, of Friar.street,
of T. Siryth. E.. of East Derehan, Norfolk
Lo Miss M. Frankum, of Castle street.
DiedMr. R. Kerry of Newmarket--Mr. Peter
Died.) At Eton, M. W Park yos. 49–At New Thompson, of Wisheach--Mrs. E. Stanton, of Le.
bury, Ande, relict of the late J Dyer, Esq-At
veringtou-J. Brittain, Esq. of Sleaford, 6+ J.W.
Reading, 78. Mis Wainhcuse, relict of the Rey.
II. Burton, Esg, of Billingborough,
Win. Wainhouse, rector of Badgeworth Margaretta
CUESHIRE.
Eleonora, daugliter of the late Il Ciiffe, Esq. and A handsome piece of Plate has been pre.
wife of T. Hatch, Esq. of New Windsor-Mrs. senied in the Rev. Wm. Harrison late Car
New MONTHLY MAG-No. 65,
VOL. XI.
3 P


1819.] 'Durham-Essere-Gloucester – Hants – Hereford- Herts.
475
DURHAM.
The heautiful Darham Bull, bred by the
Rev. Hamlett Harrison, of Hontesbury, and
fed by Mr. Oakeley, of Allfield, was lately
Billed by Mr. Wilde, of Hodnet, Salop, and
the fore quarters weighed nearly 30 score
each. The following are the particulars :
hide 621b., fal 2461b., head 441b, tongue
141b., heart 131b., carcass 18921b.
. Birth.] The wite of G. H. Wilkinson, of llar.
perly Wall, Durham, of a daughter.
Mrrid ] Sir Robert Eimunds, to Eliza, eldest
daughter of the flon. C. . Warde, of Durham.
Didl At Durham, Mr. Honry Orton, 85-Near
Lsh, Mrs. Aon Yates, 79-At Bewcastle, the wite
of the Rev, Mr. Graham-Au Penrith, Jaue, wife of
Hr. George Slee.
Essex,
The Gas - light Company's Works in
Chelmsford, are proceeding with great spirit
and rapidity. A convenient spot for the
principal works has been purchased of the
Chelmer Navigation Company, which will
prove advantageous for the receipt of coals.
A building, containing 15 retorts for burning
the coal inw gas, is erected, and the founda-
zion for the gasometer, which is to contain
10,000 cubic feet of gas, calculated to be
suiticiently large for the purpose of sup-
plying 300 lamps, if required, is preparing.
A considerable number of the cast-iron
pipes have also been received, and labourers
are employed in placing them along the
streets,
Births.] At Dedham, tire laily of W. R. Good.
yich, esqof a daughter Al Stock Lodge, the lady
ot I'. East 00:1, esq. of a sort and beir
arricd ) The Res. H. W. Wilkinson, to Miss
Walker, daughter of E. W. esg. of Gestiusthorpe
-J. II. Browning, Paglesham full, to Sard, eid.
est daughter of the late T. Youle, esq.-- James
Denoy, esq. to Chariotie, daugi ter of Mr. George
Biowo, of Sible lledaugham-Mr. T. Chaliis, to
Mary Aun, only daughter or Mr S. Mathewmn.
aí Colchester-Atlachner, Mi. T. A. Lack, of
West (lam. to Elizabeth, youngest daughter of Wr.
Westlake, of Hackney terrace--At West lain. H.
(heape, esg, to Margarel, second daughter of John
Carstairs, esq. of Stratford Green ---Al Goat Wni.
tham, J. T Ty:ell, osa to Miss Pilkington, daugh-
ter and cocheiress of the late Sir Thomas Pilking.
ton, bart. of Chevet, Yorkshire-Sir Join Wioties.
Tev, bart, to the Hon. Mrs John Bennett, daogiiter
of the late J Conyers. esq. of Copt fall.
Died. At Thundersley, Mr. R. Goodman, 80-
James Hodgson, esq. of Wanstead, 4+--At the vi.
Caruge house. Braintree, Licut. B. F. Scale, d
bait. R. A. 91–2Ir. Daniel Fall, of Marringtree
Mis. Mary Sewell, of Fc
Moirs, M. D. lati rof the Exst lissex Militia-Rev.
Henry Rigby, vicar of Bockley, aud of Wendy
A: Biocking, Eliza, eldest daughter oi Mr. J. Kirby
-Mr R. J. Hladgley, of Ahridge, 43--At Maldon,
Daniel Lingari, Irace-bearer to the orporation of
tial price--Mı. A. Siinmons. of Colchester-At
Nauudeu, Miss Frances Cole, 11.
GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
A subscription has been set on foot for
establishing annual races at Cheltenham :
the first to held in August next. The sub-
scription already amounts to upwards of
1207.; and in aid of the funds it is proposed
to give an Amateur Play, and a Ball at the
rooms during the season. The ground for
the race course has been marked out on
Cleave Hill, which is esteemed the finest
turf in England.
A meeting of the Goverrors of the Tewkes-
bury Dispensary was lately held at the Town
Hall there, when a most elegant and valu-
able silver cup, made by Messrs. Rundell
and Bridge, of London, was presented to
Dr. Malden, of Worcester, with the following
inscription beautifully engraved thereon :
TO JONAS MALDEN, M. D.
Physician to the Tewkesbury Dispensary,
This Cup is presented by the Subscribers,
As an Acknowledninput for the Real de las shown
To proinote the laterest of that Institution,
By continuing his Attendance,
Though resident in the City of Worcestei.
MDCCCXIX.
Birth ] The lady of J. S. Biscoe, esg, of Hemp
stead Court, of a daughter,
Married.) At Edgworth, Robert Smirke, jun.
esg, to Laura, fifth daughter of the Rev. Anthony
Fresnoy, rector of that parish-- 41 Cheltenham), J.
Jenh yns, csq of the Juner Temple, lo Anna, eldest
daugliter of Geo. Chalmer, esq lately of West.
combe llouse-chn Milington, esp. of Coln Rogers,
to Elizabeth, youngest daughter of Mr. John Cook,
ut N nchinhampton.
Diid. Io Prestbury, near Chelienham, Mr.
Rogers, relict of the Rev. Richard R--Wr. Hay
den, of Norfolk House, Cheltenham, 40 - Edmund
Prubya, 199. or Newland, 83.- Mr James White,
of Chipping Sodbury--Varia Antoinette Meertens,
daughter of A M. Merrtens, esq. of Green Park.
buildus-At Tewkesbury, Mr. T. Morgan ---Mrs.
Pratley, eldest daughter of Bute Richards, esg.
late of Stourbridge-M83. Drake, Tewkesbury, 81.
Though irsutinuing est of the
HAMPSHIRE.
Married.) Al Newport, I. of Wight. John Lee
Benham, e, to Miss Kirkpatrick, daughter of J:15.
K. esq-Atllumble, the llon. Fred. Lumley, le
Jane, second daughter of the late Alm. Bradley
Died) in Southampton, Miss A. Shelley, vuly
Surviving daughter of the late Right Hon. Sir J.
Shelley, bart.- Frances, wide of Lieut. Geu. Slovio,
of Chilworth Lodge.
HEREFORDSHIRE.
Married.] Heory Andrews, esq. late of the 4tla
or King's own regt. to Mary Emma, danghter of
the Rev. F. Kuchant. of Easton At Ledbury, Mr.
J. Jones, to Mrs. Denton-John Cleve, esq. of
Hereford, to Mary. second daughter of P. Jones,
esq. of Clive.
Died] At Mordiford rectory, Miss Bird, eldest
daughter of the late Wm. B. esq.--Mr. T, James,
of wille: sley. 5--T. Evans, esq. 47- Frances, wife
of Mr. Griffiths, of Hereford, Hi-In Hereford, the
Rev. Rich. Underwood, 75-Mrs. Turner, wife of
Mr. Wm. T. of Eardisley.
HERTFORDSHIRE.
Birth) At Laurel Cottage, South Minums, the
lady of Richard Ellis, late of the 18th llassars, of
a son.
Married.] Jas Howard, esq. of Westfields, to
Anna Marin, eldest daughter of R. H. Sparks, esg,
of Tottenham.
Died.] Ac Prae Mill, near St. Albin's, Mary,
wife of R. Simnious, esq 66--At Goff's Oak, near
Cheshunt, W. H. AndessOA, esq.-A: Standom, Ro
Coff, 113.


476
Huntingdonshire-- Kent-Lancashire-Lincolnshire, &c. (June 1,
HUNTINGDONSHIRE.
LANCASHIRE.
Married.] At Huntingdon, the Rev. Mr. Births.) At Liverpool, the Lady of Lieut. Col.
Black, to Charlotte, second daughter of Mrs. d'Auguilar, of a son.
"Baxter, of the same place-Mr. John Wood, to Married. At Liverpool, Wm. Purser, to Anna
Miss Susan Kendall, both of that place-Mr. Tryphosa, only daughter of the late W. Dobb, esq.
Robert Tulley, to Miss Mary Whiteliead. Woolton - Mr. George Claie, to Mary youngest daugliter of
Bassett-At Biuotisham, Mr. W. T. Jackson of the late B. Norbury, esq.--At Broughton (ditford,
Newgate street, London, to Mary, eldest daughter John Chapman, to Sarah, danghter of the late
of Mr. Thomas Leigh, of Earith.
Thomas Bissey, esq. deceased-Join Culliver, .
Died.) At Buckworth, Jane, wife of Euseby of Quebec, to Margaret, daughter of Mr. John
Cleaver, esq. and daughter of John Chapman, Carter-Mr. Samuel Nathan, to Miss Yates, a
esg. of Whitby, Yorkshire-A: Kettering, 68, Mrs. daughter of the late Rev, B. Yates,
Mary Satchiell, wife of Mr. George Satchell-50, Died.) AC Manchester, Edward, youngest sou
Mr. Edward Dobson.
of Mr S J. Smith, of Gayhorn, 18-Mrs. Dalton,
KENT.
Wife of John Dalton, esq. of Thurnham-A! Bishop
The New Cut for the Tunnel under
Auckland, Charlotte, wife of Mr.T. Parking on, 49.
-Mr. Howard, sigeon, of Nutsford.64-Al Livet.
ground from the Medway at Rochester, lo
pool, Elizabeth, only surviving daughter of the late
Higham, is now prosecuting at the foriner
Thrmas Wedgwood, esq. of Etruria, Staffordshire.
place, and upwards of 60 persons, besides
-Thomas Parker, of Alkincoates, and of Newton
a number of horses, are employed thereon. Hall, Yorkshire, esq. one of the Deputy Lieutenants
Report states, that when completed, it is for Lancashire.
conjectured, that it will be possible for a
LEICESTERSHIRE.
steam boat to be employed from Maidstone
We are glad to hear that there is about
to London.
Births. At Otterden, the lady of the Res, F.
to be erected in the vicinity of the Fish-
Tattersall, of a still born daughter-At Hythe,
Ponds, parish of Stapleton, a new Church,
the lady of Major Gen. Sir B. D'Urban, of a
under the Establishment. Great part of
daughter-The lady of Lieut. Col. Staveley. C. B.,
the money requisite for this vodertaking
Royal Staff Corps, of a daughter--At Canterbury, has been raised by the benevolent inhabi-
the lady of the Rev. Thomas Bennett, of a son tants of Stapleton. Much good must result
The lady of w. 0. Hammond, esq. of May from this measure, as the neighbourhood
Deacon, of a daughter.
is chiefly inhabited by colliers, who have no
Married.) At North Cray, Captain William
place of religious worship to resort to.
Rednan Ord, of the Royal Engineers, to Eliza
Births) The Lady of Wm Blundell, csq. of
Dare, second daughter of the late Dr Latham, of
Crosby Hall, of a son.
Bexley-At St. Tanl's church, Canterbury, Mr.
Married ) The Rev. T. Burnaby, jun. M. A.
Francis Harris, to Miss Charlotte Sutton-At
of Mistertou, Domestic Chaplain to the Marquis of
Woodchurch, Mr. Henry Crompton, to Miss E.
Anglesea, to Sarab, youngest daughter of the late
Fugglege At Staplehurst, Mr. John Spong, to Miss Andrew Meires. esa of Daventry
M. Allen--At Harbledown, Mr. Thos. Crouch, of
Died. At Waltham, T. Frisby, esq.At Beau
Sturry, to Miss Aon Weilard, of Harbledown At
Manor Park, Joko Herrick, esq. 69-Wm Collias,
Kenardington, Mr. Weaver, to Miss Rainley, of
esy of Frowlesworth, and of Fisberwick. Stafford
Appledore-At Maidstone, Mr. Samuel Milbourn,
shire,
to Miss Mary Holloway-Mr. Johu Marten, to
Miss Sarah Taplin, both of Canterbury-George
LINCOLNSHIRE.
Longmore, esq. Royal Staff Corps, 10 Elizabeth, The present lambing season is generally
eldest daughter of the Rev. W. W. Wilcocks-At allowed to be wonderfully productive. Or
a
Appledore, Mr. Janies Hammond, to Miss Hannah the many published instances of increase,
Warner, of Ryem-At Folkstone, Mr. Wm. Poskett, perhaps not the least remarkable, is that of
to Mary Nash-Al Chatham, Edw. T. D. Hulkes, a small flock of Mr. Benj. Dickinson, of
esg. of Rochester, to Jaue, second daughter of Great Ponton near Grantham Lincoln.
Mr. Forman, esq. Chatham-At Isle of Thanet.
shire; this gentleman had only seventeen
Mr. Edw. Harinan, to Miss Sarah Ann Fleming -
At Harrietsham, Mr. George Orford, 10 Miss M.
ewes, and they have yeaned the surprising
Hope-At Hythe, Lieut. Longmore, of the Royal
number of 30 lambs. ---Mr. James Warbera
Staff Corps, to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of the
ton, of Grimshy, has an ewe that has pro-
Rev. William Wright Wilcocks.
duced him within the last two years thirteen
Died.] At the Vicarage North fleet, 36, Char. lambs, all living at this time, and likely to
lotte, wife of the Rev. T. G. Durham, Carste of live; and an ewe in the flock of Mr. Parker,
that place--At Margale, Mrs. Sarah Jobnson of Waltham, last week yeaned 4 lambs, all
At Bethersden, Mr T. Spicer, 61-At Hoath, Mr. living.
Henry Rayner--At Ospriase, 39, Captain Thos Births.1 At Gran ham, the Lady of the Rex.
C. Gravener, in the Hon. East Iodia Company's B Smith, of a son-Al Edlington Grove, the Lady
service-At Margato, Mrs. Pointon, 31-Mr. Nat. of RS. Short, esq, of a daughter.
thew Ridley, of St. John's Hospital Northgate, Married. At Hull, T. Dungworth, esq. of
Canterbury- Mr. John Terry of St. Nicholas llos. G!ent worth llall, to Mrs. Dudding, latt of Saxiy,
pital, Harbledown, 78–At Folksione, Miss Char near this city-Mr. George Wales, of Nassingt. ,
Jotte Wilkes-At Leeds, Dear Maidstone, Mr. to Miss Charlotte Yomg, 5th daughter of Mr. M.
Thomas Finch, 70-Littlebourne, Mr. Christopher Young, of Deeping Gate At Boitesford, Deputy
Deval-At Sydenhami, Richard Shute, e39.07- Assistant Commissary General Daniel, to Mary,
At Kenerdington, Mrs. Pearce, 86- At diersham, eldest daughter of Mr. Barratt, of Roxby.Grange.
Mrs. Mitchell, 45-A: Eltham, Mrs. Mary Eligh. Died.] At Spalding, the intant child of C. Bop.
sted, 20-At Thanington, Mr. Robert Prime, 34
der, esq.-Nevile King, esn. of Ashby House, bear
At Dover, Mrs. Carter, wifo of Mr. G. Carter Sleaford-Al Lincoln, J. Nelthorpe, esq.-At Bas-
Mr. E. Back, of Messhem, 65.
ton, J. W. H. Burton, esq. of Billingboro'.


0.xford - Shropshire - Somerset-Srafford. (June 1,
OXFORDSHIRE.
solved to establish an asylum for unprotected
. At a General Meeting of the persons in- females, not less than 12 year of age, nor
terested in the rebuilding of St. Martin's above 14, in order to qualify them for situa-
Church, held yesterday in the Council tions of inferior domestic service.
Chamber, a Select Committee was appointed Married At Clifton, the Rev. Liscombe
to inspect the several Plans and Estimates
Clarke, Fellow of Winchester colioge. to Mary,
then delivered in, and to recommend to the
eldest daughter of the Rev. T. Stonehouse, Vigor.
At Chilconipton, Mr. Peter Webber, to Miss Sarah
next General Meeting the plan to be adopt-
Gullifer.--AC Bristol, Mr. W. Sims, of Welton, to
ed. Mapy Plans were submitted to the Miss Co
Miss Coombs, eldest daughter of Mrs. Coombs, of
Meeting, which were highly creditable to "Tinsbury.--Mr. Robert Gough, of Whitley court, to
the ingenuity of the several Architects, who Elizabeth, youngest daugliter of John Knight, esq.
appeared to have spared no pains in the exe- of Kenn court.--Mr, w. Wbite, to Ester, youngest
cution of their designs. We understand the daughter of the late Mr. Bloxsome, of Stroud. -
Members of the Select Committee intend Willian Burge, esq. of Pawlett, to Ann, only daugli
meeting on Friday next.
ter of Thomas Hooper, es Joseph Rich, exp. to
Married.] Sanford Graham, esq. M. P. ouly son
Martha. daughter of W. Cox, esq.of Steart. Varsh,
of Sir James Graham, balt. to Caroline, third
Joseph Winter esq. of Marlock, to Catherine, fourth
daughter ef the late John Langston, eoq. of Sras.
daughter of the late Mr. H. S. Brico, Surgeon of
den-house, Oxfordshire. --At 'Thame, Mr. G. Gur.
Sherboue, --Mr. James Mun Buckland, of Abbot's
don, 10 Susagua, eldest daughter of the late Mr. J. Leigh, to Sarah, second daughier of Joseph Smith,
Hurst.
esq.-- Jono Race Godfrey, esq. of the Hon E.I.C's
Dicd.) Bt Wheatcley. Mr. James West.
Srvice, to Jane Octavia, second daughter of Mr. R.
Wonduouse, or Duke street.
SHROPSHIRE.
Diet At Bath, Mis, Sever, wife of the Rev.
As a proof of the admirable management
Samuel Seyer, M. A. of Bristol--John Daniell,
and userul employment of the prisoners in
esq. bauker, of lentford lourse, Yeovil.-Al Over
Ichester gaol, the assize courts at Taunton Stoney. the Rev. W. Holland, M. A 73, Rector of
on the 29th ult. afforded the pleasing exhi. Monkton Farleigh, Wilts, and Vicar of Over Sto wey
bition of two cloth covers for the counsel and on the South-parade, 77, Isaac Todd, esq.-Nr.
attornies' table in each court, entirely mann- Benjamin Perry,–77, Mr. Nathan Atherton, of
factured by the prisoners in this gaol from Ransbury, Wills.--19. Elizabeth wife of Mr. W.
the staple in the pack, through the different Cuff, of Bathwick.--73, Lady Burton, widow of the
processes in the picking, sorting, corabing,
late Sir Robert Burton, Kat-93, At Henstridge
Bowden. Mark Wilks, esq.-17. At Woodcome,
carding, spinning, weaving, and dyeing, to
Maria, eldest daughter of the late Henry F. Arbouin,
the greatest perfection. The cloths are dark
15.-00, At Clifton, Miss Einm , ith daughter of
blue; and the centre of each bears the fol-
Sir fiizwillim Barrington, bari of Swainstone, if
lowing inscription, worked in yellow silk :-
the Isle of Wight.--Mis. Lloyd, at the rectory,
« Manufactored by the prisoners in Ilches- Compton Dusdum.At Shepton Baller, the Rev,
ter gao), 1819.
Chris Brown. - Frances, the wife of Lieut. Gene.
Murried. At Leintwardinc, Mr. Urwick, of rai Stovin, of Chilworth Lodge, Hants and daughter
Bechjay, to Elizabelb, eldest daughter of Mr. Wal of the late Arth
ter, of Stomerball, Herefordshire --Thonins w. Allen, relict of Philip Allen, esq. of Bath Hampton.
Perks, esq. of Sutton will, to Sully, youngest
STAPPORDSHIRE.
dalighter of the Rep. G. Hazlewood, of Bridg. A singular accident occured a short time
port.-A! Strewsbury, lleury Andrews, esq. lato ago : two men emploved, in the neighbours
of the 4th er King's Own Regiment, 10 Mary
tary hood of the Pottery, to divide a field with
Emma, only surviving child of the Rev. Francis
posts and rails; while they were at work, a
Kinchant, of Easton), Herefordshire. - The Rev W.
Jones Hughes, A. M. Vicar of Cardington, Silop,
horse, which was in the pasture came wan-
to Selina, eldest daughter of G, Corser, ca of tonly galloping towards them, and went with
Whitchurch.--Al Abergwilly, John Norgun Howell, buch force against the rail at which they
esq. of Morfa, io Mary, only daughter of Ilenry were employed, as to break it in the centre;
Lewis, esg. of Galtygog.-At Yarpool, Mr. James each of the broken parts struck its man with
Edwards, of Kingsland, to Aon, only daughter of so much violence as to break one of the legs
Mr. Henry Connop.- At St. Chad's, Mr. John of each, and it was some time before their
Evans, to Miss Howley, daughter of Thomas Haw.
unfortunate situation was discovered.
ley, esq.--Mr. R. S. Thomas, of llambury, to Miss
Marrual Al the Collegiate Church. Wolver.
A. Pritcheti, of Mattley Court.
bampton, Mr. E. Greseley. of Birmingham, to Char
Died.) Al Shrewsbury, Mr. Boudler.--Mr.
lolle, fourth daughter of the late Air. Samuel Proud,
Evans.-M. G. Boden, of Brockton, 81.- Jaue,
of Bilston.---Thomas W. Perks, esq. of Sutton Hill,
eldest daugliter of Mr. Hartley, of Cleobury Mort.
Shropshire, io Sally, youngest daughter of thie Rer.
imer. 14.- Richard Edwards, esq. of Farmcot, 49.
G. IIazlewood of Hidgnorin-Mr. John Coates, of
-Mr. James Brownhill, of Nantwich. solicitor, 95.
Manchester, to Catherine, daughter of Mr Thos.
At an advanced age, Mrs. Elizabeth Myiton Rd.
Jacksou.--At Lichheld, W. Scoit, esqof Penn, te
Lyster. esq. of Rewton Castle, one of the Repre.
Miss Darwood, of Lichficki-Al Dudley, Lient
sentatives in Parliament for Shrewsbury.Mirtha,
J. W. Eyre, of the Royal Engineers, to Aan, only
the wife of James Compson, esg. of Clobury Mor
dauglices or Mr. W. Jenkins.--Mr. W. Mytton, of
timer.At Sheriffhales, Elizabeth, wife of the Rev.
Stour port, to Mary Aon, only daughter of Mr. S.
R. Dean..At English Franckton, Mrs. Burlton,
Swani),
relict of the late Jobn Burlton, esg.
Died.] M. James Colcloughi, solicitor, of Band:
SOMERSETSHIRE,
bach.-Mr. Thomas Morton, of Wolverhampton.
At a public meeting of ladies and gentle- Mary, relict of Mr.d. Warren, seu. Viear Chord of
"!), held at the Guildhall, Bath, it was re- Liebtield Cathedral


1819.) Suffolk--Surrey-Susser-Warwick-Westmoreland, fc.
470
SUPPOLK.
WARWICKSHIRE
Births.] The Lady of W. B. Tuffnell, esq. of Married.) At Alueston, Joseph Jackson, Esq.
athan Hall. Great Waislam. ef a daughter of Manchester, to Mary Ann, eldest daughter of
Married.] The Rev. W . Thorpe, of Stetch the late Edward Townsend Higgins, Esq. of Bridge
work, to Lizabeth, youngest diughter of Thomas Town llouse-Al Birmingham, M:. Willian Milton
Smyth, esq. of East Dereham--Mr. Robert Martin of Stourport, to Mary Ann, only daughter of Mr.
Cirs, of Little Whelnetinin, to Miss Garnham, of Samuel Sw:10.
Konyam At Walberswick, the Rev, P. Hudson, Died) Mrs. Wintertop, relict of Mr. Winterton,
Reitir of Melich und Felbrig, in Norfolk, to Miss of Wolvey Hall-st Rughy, Louisa, youngest
Wales, daughter of Isaac Wales, esg.-Mr. Wm. daughter of the late Rev. Dr. Gillbee, rector of
Cole!an, of Nordhan Market, to Miss Wright, of Baby-At Henley in Arden, Major Hiltoa, lace of
Walion-Mr.J. Goodrici), of Stanuingfield, io sliss the 95th Light Draguons, 38-Jolin Bohun Smyth,
Hugh Holland, of South Lorhain
E.sq. Mayor of Warwick-60, Mrs. Seiwin, widow
of leay Charles Selwyn. Esq. Licatenant-Goret.
late of Ipswich Elizabeth Broke hir», relict of oor of the Island of Montserrat-Mrs. Hannab
John Kirby, es4. at Ipswich, 77-Mr. Charles Bor. Beale, of Ilyde Court, ncar Mirchivhampton.
Jey, of Barham, 81-At Rickinghall, Mrs. Mary
WESTMORELAND.
Fisher, formerly of Tpswichi, 76- Mary, wite of
Married. At Kendal, Cytain Waters, to Miss
John Dalton, esp, of Thornham-Mrs. Ann Scarleti,
Breuthwaite, both of Kirkland-Mr. Thomas Paine
widow of Mr. James Scarlett, late of Ipswich-
ter, jun. of Liverpool, to Miss Ratcliff, daughter of
Elizabeth, relict of Mr. Johnson Naylor, of Ickling.
Mr. Richard Ratclif.
is-em, 78-Mr. Jacob Hauschildt, date of the ed
Ilussais, K G.L.-Elizabeth, wite of Mr. J. Nid.
WILTSHIRE.
The first ploughing match for 1819, for
dleton, of Rickinghall-At Downham Market, R.
pwell, 49-Mary, idest daughter of Mrs. Keeble.
the premiums offered by the Bath and West
widow, or Stowmarket, 9..
of England Society, took place on Tuesday,
SURREY.
in a grass layer, on a stony stiff soil, belong-
There is at this time, in the garden of a ing to Sir J. Hawkins, bart. at Kelston.
Mrs. Roberts, of Rotherbithe, a pear-tree,
Seven ploughs started, only tvo of which
on parts of which the fruit is set and pro-
performed the work in the given time, viz.
perly formed, and on other parts a second
24 hours.
blossom is fast making its appearance, as
Births.] At Gatcombe, the Lady of Sir Lucius
fine and full as at first.
Curtis Bart, of a son --At burgate House, the Lady
of J. Green Wilkinson, Esqof a Jaughter-The
Births) At Easteily End Ilouse, the lady of G.
Laity of the Rev. Francis B. Astley, of a son, at the
W. Lawrence, esq. of St. James's, Jamaica, of a
Rectory House Manningford Abbots.
daughter-At Dulwich, the lady of H Glazbrook,
Married George White, Esq. of Devizes, i
esg. of a s01-At the Manor Hlouse, Wandsworth,
Misi Clifford, of Cherrill-Nr. J. B. Sherrig, to
'the lady of Alderman Blagnay, of a son.
Esther, daughter of the late J. Boulter, Esq. of
Marringes.] At Fuliam, Ilenry Andrews, esq.
Queen Charlton--Mr. Job Bryan, of Westerleigh,
late of the 4th reg. to Mary Emma, only surviving
to Miss Elizabeth Hall, of Purklechurch-MI.
child of the Rev. Francis Kinchant, of Easton,
Henry Bush, of Wick, to Miss Suibbs, of Stouts his
Herefordshire-Alexander Grant, esq. of Clapbam,
Bitton-Jolin Nathaniel Willians, Esq. of Castle
to Helen, youngest daughter of the late Rev. V.
hill, Cardiganshire, lo Sarah, daugiter of James
'Thorold, of Weelsbv.house, Lincolnshire-Mr. A.
Loxdale, Esq. of Kingsland, Salop; at Salisbury.--
Drew, of Bermondsry Surrey, to Jane, second
At Corsham, leury John Sinith, Esqof Maribo-
daughter, of Wm. Langton, eso. of Chippenhain.
rough, to Jane, only daughter of Samuel Mountjoy
house-James Manson, eiq. of Lambeth-terrace, 10
Esq. of the former place.
Henrietta, tbird daughter of the late R. F. Sutt,
Did. At Salisbury, Thomas Dickenson, Esq.
esq. of the same place-Charles David Gordon,
of Pickwick lodge, nrar Corshain-Lieut. N'Dera
esg, of Dulwich-hili, to Marian), eldest daughter
moti, of the 9th Regiment of Foot, 29-Henry Peo-
of Robert Fhitusps, esq. of Longworth, Hereford.
ruddocke Windhar, Esq. 83---At Bashley Lodge,
sh re.
Thomas Jones Esq. 65.
Died ] Ai Guildford, 79, Mrs. E. Booker, relict
of the late C. Booker, es, Upper East Sheen. 86,
WORCESTERSHIRE.
Mrs Hawkes, relict of thie late Jeri iniah Iawkes, Birth.) At Worcester, the Lady of Edward
esq. of Cecil-sti@tl-Alrs. Basher, late ot Croydon,
Miostya, Esq. of a daughter.
Suriey.
Married. Mr. Joseph Morris, o. Oilton, to
Miss Elizabeth Whitesides, of Siottesdot--M:.
SUSSEX
Owen, of the Tything, to Winifred, youngest daugh
Births) At Earsham Parsoange, Mrs. George
ter of Mr. Iloopes At Whittington, Captain Hol
Pay, of a son
brow, of the Royal North Gloucester Militia, to
Murrica.) Charles Ridge, esq. of Chichester,
Elizbeth Aona, only daughter of the late Mr.
to Anna Letici, second daugliter of Thomas Cit.
George Parker, of the Old House-Lieutenant ).
wright, esq. of Lower Grosvenor street--Robert
W. Evie, of the Royal Engineers, to Anne, ony
Taylor, esq. of Brighton, to Maria, eldest daughter
duohter of Mr. Williarn Jenkins. At Onibersley,
of the late b. Brummell, esq, of the Treasurya
dai. W.. Corpil, of Stourport, to Lctilia, fourth
Mr. Robert Thurston, to miss Stoliday, both of
dargliter of tire late Mr. John Taylor.
Cley next the Sea-Mr. Aldis, of Rackheath, la
Died 1 Mis. llartwright, formerly of Clerken.
Miss Brown, danglier of Mr. Brown, ci dlowfield
leap-Al Worcester, Charles, tbird son of the late
-Mr. Baker, of Beecles, to Miss Panner, of
Hoxng-Mr. Robert Gedge, to Mrs. Rhoda Sein-
Thomas Whieldon, Esq. of Fenton-Mrs. Ann Huil,
of the Tylling --Mr Walter Chandler--17, Harriet,
mence.
fifth daughter of the Rev. James lus:ings, rector
Died.) Mr T. II. Hale, of Coxbottom Farm,
of Marley-At Holt Fleec, Mr. William Evans,
near Petworlh-A Lewes, 19. Shelley, widow of
-61, Mrs. Allies, wile of Mr. Thomas Allies, of
Heory Shelley, esq.--At lastius", Wr. Pizzy,
Foregate-street-A! I'oaick, 30, Margaret, wife of
esq.A. Emer, Mrs. liughes, wita : E. Hughes,
Robert Duon.
959.


480
(June 1,
Yorkshire---Wales---Scotland
Ireland.
YORKSHIRE.
Married.) At Ross, Francis Fisher, jun. esq.
A beautiful specimen of the art of cut. of Bristol, to Elizabeth, youngest daughter of Dr.
lery was manufactured by Joseph Rogers
Lewis, of the former place.-At Swansea, Henry
and Sons, Sheffield. It is an elegant knife
Morgan, esq. R. N. to Miss R. Jenkins, of Neath.
At Mrole Brace. John Nathaniel Williams, esq. of
in miniature, containior so instruments,
Castle hill, to Sarah Eliz.heth, second daughter of
moving on Il springs, and 14 joints, of the
Joseph Loxdale, esq. of kingland, Shropshire.
most exquisite workmanship; it employed Dicd.) At the Rectory Tlouse, at Aber, the
the workmen 28 days of close application to Rev. Richard Griffith, D.D.-In Swansea, 19.
complete it; does not exceed 5-eighths of Frances Charlotte, danghter of Capt. Gascogte,
an inch in length, and weighs only one quar- R. N.--The Rev. Iſector Bowen, Rector of Llan.
ter of ari ounce. The following is a list of madock, Glamorganshire,
the articles contained in the above knile:
SCOTLAND.
1 stick-knife blade, I pruning-knife blade,
3 S hower of Salt-water in Dumfries-shire.
penknife blades, 1 nail-knite blade, 1 silver Some weeks ago, a severe shower of salt
fruit-knife blade, I silver tooth-pick, 1 bowwater fell in the parish of St. Mungo, in
saw, I doubled-tooth saw, 1 leather-punch, Dumfries-shire. The day after, when the
I button-hook, 1 pair of scissars, I gup water was evaporated, the leaves of ever-
picker, 1 pair of iweezers, 4 fleams of dif greens, and branches of hedges, glistened
ierent sizes, 1 nail-tile, 1 chissel, I cork with crystals of salt.
screw, 1 render, 1 timber scrihe, 1 gimblet, Births.) At Edinburgh, Mrs. Campbell, of Dal.
1 bodkin, 1 brad-awl, 1 horse-hook, 1 gun-
serf, of a son-The lady of Capt. Clark, adjutant of
screw, and I auger.
the Forfar milltia, of a daughter.
Births.] The lady of Dr. Bodley, of Charlotte.
Married.) At Kirklee, Mr. Robert Stewart,
streri, Fall, or a daughter-At Ratclitie-house,
Glasgow, to Janet, eldest dugi.ter of Mr. John
Thorne, the lady of Ralph Creyke, fun, esq. of a
Walker, of Kirhlee.-Geo. Scott, esq. of Daldowie,
daughter.
to Miss Lilly Baybe, of Concraig.--At Rutherglen
Morried ) At Holderness, John Laing, M.D.
Bridge, David Law, lo Isabella, eldest daughter of
Mr. Archibald Norman,
surgeon, to Christiana Eliz Gibb, both of Forfar.
shire-Geo. Wrangham, esq. of Bridlington, to
Died.) In Glasgow Barrachs, Mary Lowry, wifo *
Letitia, only daughter of R. Porter, esq.--Thos.
of Capt Lowry, 40th regiuneat, 64.-At Carron
Walker, esq. of the Scotch Greys, to Constantia
Vale, Mrs Margaret Hendry --At the Hause of
Frances Anne, eldest daughter of John C. Beres.
Loclcarron, 66, the Rev. Lachlan Mackenzic, mi.
ford, esq.-11 likley, W. S. Petrey, esq. to Miss
nister of Lochacarron.
Mary Beli, daughter of R Bell, esq. of Sutton.
IRELAND.
Died.) At Brough, 69, Miss Mary Lonsdale-At Births.) At Mounlrath, the lady of the Rer.
d Lumbton. the wife of John Charlton: and Geo. Wm. Rogers, of a daughter --At Wexford,
while attending the funeral of Mrs. Charlton. Mr. Mrs. Ormsby, wife of Major Ormsby, late of the
Thomas Chuoltou-Mrs. Mary Hodgson, relict of 5th Dragoon Guards, of a daugliter.
the Rer. Richard fledgson-Mr. Thomas Clay, 78. Married | At Dublin, the lon. and Rev. E.
Near Northallerton, Mrs. Hatton,
Wingfield, to Louisa Joan, third daughter of the
WALES.
late Uon, Geo. Jocelyn.-Alexander Crook shank,
From the unusual mildness of the season,
of Londonderry, esq. to Miss Mahella Smith, of
Mountjoy-square.-- Purefoy Fue, "sq. of Rossmore
Aberystwith can already boast of seteral
Lodge, county Kilkenuy, to Margaret, second
visitors, many houses being occupied, and
daughter of James Izod, esqof Kells.
others engaged. The new public rooms are Didjin Dublin, Mirs. De Joncourt.-In Dar.
in a state of forwardness, and every exertion son street, Mis. Catherine Standard, eldest daugh.
will be made to complete them this season. ter of the late Eaton Standard, esq.-In Glouces.
Births.) At Radnor, the lady of Edw. Evaus, per street, Mrs. Margaret Simpson, relict of the late
esg. of son.--The lady of Colonel Geo, Rice, of a R. A Sinuson, e:q.-In Sonth Great George-str.
daughter.
Mrs. Miller, 61.
ERRATA.-In our present number, page 454, line 25,"for “ painted besides bis other
studies," read“ exhibiled besides his unerhibited studies," &c.-The paragraph contain-
ing the notice of Mr. Collins's adınirable“ Sea Shore," and of some other artists' pictures,
was omitted by mistake, under the head of Fine Arts Under the head of Fine Arts, in
p. 262, of our Magazine for April, the transposition of a sentence produced the following
error: “ Until the middle of the last century there was little change. But from the resto-
ration of Charles the Second, the example of his present Majesty, and the progress of
knowledge, the force of pre,udice in the highest circies." The above ought to have been
thus : “ From the restoration of Charles the Second, until the middle of the last century,
there was little change ; but the example of his present Majesty, and the progress of know-
ledge, abated the force of prejudice in the highest circles.”
10 READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.
We are sorry to be compeiled, for want of room, to defer our Dramatic Article till next
month. Our limits oblige us also to postpone the insertion of many other valuable contri-
butions ; our friends, however, may be assured that they will meet with the earliest possible
attention. We shall endeavour to make room, in future, for our Stocks Table, as usual ;
it was never our intention to omit this useful feature of our Miscellany --SOUTURON
is requested to say how a letter will reach him.
J. Gillet, Piiples, Crown Court, Fleet Street, London)


THE
NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
No. 66.]
JULY 1, 1819.
(Vol. XI.
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS.
ON THE TRADE OP THE UNITED STATES as this trade with China, and the Ame-
OP NORTH AMERICA WITH CHINA. ricans possess sach great advantages
MR. EDITOR,
above the English, that well-informed
OF all the phenomena which occur in persons do not hesitate to prognosticate,
the listory of commerce, from its earliest that the latter will not be able, in the
period to the present time, the most ex- long run, to maintain the competition
traordinary, perhaps, is the intercourse with the former, but will be, in the end,
between Europe and the East, chiefly obliged entirely to abandon to them the
through the medium of the English East trade of the Chinese seas. If this opi-
India Company. This intercourse, as nion be just, it must be confessed that a
far as we are concerned, may be divided great danger threatens the British com-
into two grand branches, the first with merce ; a very productive source of gain
our own empire in Hindoostan, the se. would he lost -a great many seamen in
cond with the great Chinese empire, and Great Britain would be thrown out of
the latter chiefly for the sake of obtaining employment--and even the commerce
a single article, the use of which has be- with the European continent could not
come so habitual to all ranks of society, but decrease, since Europe would have
that it has long ceased to be a luxury, and no occasion to draw from Great Britain
may be now fairly classed among the chief its supplies of Chinese produce, which it
necessaries of life. The immense impor- would receive directly, and upon more
tance of both these branches of ourAsiatic advantageous terms from the Ainericans.
commerce is universally acknowledged; On the other hand, the vast advantages
and therefore, you may, probably, which the American republic may derive,
not bc indisposed to admit into your va- and most certainly will derive, from an
luable miscellany some observations on active intercourse with the Chinese Em-
the danger with which one of them - the pire, are almost incalculable. Considered
trade with China, appears to be threat merely as an excellent school for the
ened. I am induced to communicate marine, it is of the highest importance to
them to you, because they are chiefly a state whose external security wholly
collected from conversation with intelli- depends on a numerous and formidable
gent Americans, and though they may navy. The goods which find a ready
be thought in some respects exaggerated, sale must partly be fetched from very
shew us at least the sentiments and views remote countries, and the dangers and
of our rivals in a point of such great privations with which the seaman has to
importance. We all know the enter contend, in seas hitherto but little fre-
prising spirit of the merchants of the quented, and on unknown coasts, call
United States, the boldness and intre forth all his energies, enrich him with
pidity of their seamen, the astonishing useful experience, and increase his dex-
and 'rapid increase of their maritime terity. Thus, a large number of sailors
power, and the peculiar local advantages may be kept in constant employ, and the
of that great continent. The American prospect will not only excite in the
government beholds with pleasure the natives, particularly the inhabitants of
increasing commerce of its subjects with the sea-coasts of America, a continually
Chiua, which promises to become more increasing propensity to a sea-faring life,
and more important to the republic, and but also attract crowds of able seamen
has undoubtedly been much encouraged from foreign countries, especially from
and promoted by numerous articles in the British islands, who will settle with
American newspapers, and other period their families in America, and promote
ical publications, minutely pointing out the population, the increase of which is
its great advantages.
so favorite an object with the American
It would not be easy to find another Government. In the country itself a
instance of an intercourse with so remote new source of gain will be opened at the
a country, which su amply rewards the same time, to thousands of industrious
activity of the merchant and the seaman, persons; the spirit of speculation will
Nav MONTULY Mag. -No. 66. Vol. XI. 3 Q


482
On the Trade of the United States with China. [July 1,
receive a new impulse, and numerous Chinese Tartary, is fine furs. Both the
merchants, even from England itself, Chinese and Mantchews are eager to
will settle in America, in order to share possess them, and the more distinguished
in so promising a prospect of gain, and and wealthy the Mandarins, the richer
to acquire riches in a short time. The and finer must be the furs which they
nations of Europe are too much accus- require for their orientai dress. This
tomed to the use of many Chinese pro- article of trade can therefore never fail
ductions easily to renounce them, and of a certain sale in that vast and popu-
the possession of the trade with China lous Empire; for the use of it is incon-
will therefore give the Americans an ceivably extensive, and the wearing of
opportunity for a most advantageous furs, not merely a luxury, but a habit,
commercial intercourse with Europe, and which has rendered them indispensably
to double their gains.
necessary. But the Americans by their
Not only have the Americans a much almost exclusive trade with the north-
shorter way to China than the English west coast, and their great Continent
and the other nations of Europe, but extending from California to the North
they are able to obtain the produce and Pole, possesses an inexhaustible source
merchandise of that Empire on much from which to supply the Chinese market
more farourable terms. The Europeans with this favorite article, and the com-
are obliged to purchase all they want petition which they have to fear from
of the Chinese for the most part with other nations, particularly the English
ready money, or silver bars, and China and the Russians, cannot do them any
is therefore considered by Europe, as injury worth mentioning. The Ameri-
the country to which the precious me. cans, therefore, seem to be destined by
tals chiefly Aow, so that the gold and nature to be the chief factors in this trade
silver of Mexico and Peru go again with China, which is inconceivably pro-
from Europe to Asia, where they are fitable, and must in time monopolize it
swallowed up by a gulph from which they entirely; as the period is certainly not
do not easily return. The Americans on remote, when the population of the
the contrary, are not obliged to carry on United States, taking its direction from
the Chinese trade with the precious east to west, will extend to the shores of
metals: they carry to the Chinese mar- the great South sea, and their ships be
ket either various articles of their own then able to navigate directly from thence
produce, which are highly esteemed to the Pacific ocean.
there, or others which they have ob- On the north-west coasts of America,
tained in exchange for them; and are above California, which are but thinly
thus able to employ for other purposes, inhabited by wild tribes, there are sea
the money which they must otherwise otters, Wack, dark brown, and white
take to Asia. If the trade which Europe bears, wolves, foxes, beavers, deer, ra-
carries on with China may be called in coons, white American lynxes, or great
the highest degree passive, that of the wild cats, ermines, seals, rabbits, martins,
United States is very far from being so. and other wild animals, whose fur is
China is an immen:e market, which more or less beautiful and precious, in
now offers itself to the activity of the such abundance, that the natives can pro-
American merchant, the more this trade care them with little trouble, and in their
increases, the more persons it will en- uncivilised state, willingly exchange them
ploy; and the gain which it gives is so for the most insignificant trifles. The
very great, that even on account of this American ships bring to these savages,
single branch of American commerce, pieces of iron, nails, knives, chisels,
the speculative merchant is perhaps no shovels, buttons of copper, and of co-
where in a situation so farorable for be- loured glass, little looking glasses, to-
coming soon and easily rich, as in the bacco, brandy, powder, arms, coarse
United States. By this commerce, which cotton, and woollen gouds, old clothes,
is capable of being greatly extended, and all kinds of toys which look shewy,
and has numerous concomitant advani- but are of no value. Most of these
tages. America will enrich itself more things are purchased by the Ameri-
and more, at the expense of Great Bri- can merchants at very low prices, and
tain; and the turn thus given to a main the vessels which sail with cargoes of
branch of the commerce of the world, wind from the American ports, may
sannot but be very advantageous to the be sure of obtaining in exchange the
rest of Europe.
richest cargoes of furs and skius. With
An article that is especially in request, these they proceed directly from the
in the Chinese provinces from Canton to north-west coast of America to China,
Pekin, and to the extreme frontiers of and exchange their goods for Chinese


1819.]
483
On the Trade of the United States with China.
:
i
produce with which they return, always happens, the return cargo gives a profit
with great gain, to the United States. of from three hundred to five hundred
It is evident how greatly America per cent. including the articles for bar-
must gain by this simple mode of inter- ter, provisions, pay of the sailors, and
course, which does not even require a other expenses.
large capital, not to mention other ad- This trade, which so amply rewards
vantages attending it. First the mers the activity and enterprise of the mer-
chant gains in the purchase of trifles of chants and mariners, continues to engage
little worth, which are agreeable and the attention of more and more persons
useful to the savages, and the manufac. in almost all the American sea-ports.
tory of which employs many hands and Many merchants at Boston and Salem in
promotes internal industry. For goods, New England, at Bristol, in Rhode
the purchase of which requires but a Island, at New York, Baltimore. Phila-
small capital, there is an opportunity of delphia, Charlestown, &c. have thus
procuring articles which are of great attained great wealth, in a few years, and
value in a remote and extensive Empire, the more intimate and various the rela-
and then exchanging them for other tions with China become, the greater
articles which may be disposed of with advantages does it promise in future.
great profit both in America and Europe. The friendly footing on which the Ame-
The trade may be carried on too, in ricans are with the natives of Nootka or
small vessels, of 100 or 150 tons burden, King George's Sound, and of many other
the equipment of which is not expensive, parts of the north-west coast, of the New
(America being so rich in materials for World, so fully secures to them this rich
ship building, and which require but a fur trade, the basis of the intercourse
few sailors to man them; so that an with China, that they may be said to
American merchant may carry on so pro- have it entirely in their own hands, and
fitable a trade with a very moderate capi. to have no rival to fear.
tal. Even those who have no capital, In this trade to the north-west coast
may carry it on upon credit, since the the British Merchant is greatly impeded
expence of the articles to be provided for by the East India Company, which pos-
bartering is so very small, that means are sesses the exclusive privilege of trading
easily found to obtain them. If one with China. With the active spirit of
will share the profit with the ship owner the Americans, the exportation from the
and the captain, it is not necessary to United States to the north-west coast,
advance any money, and profit may be will continue to increase, and they must
made without the smallest risk. A few bear away the prize, as their principal
cannon and muskets, are sufficient on rivals cannot carry on the trade with the
board a ship that sails to the north-west same advantages as they can. Hence the
coast of America, as a defence, in case of American trade with China will become
need, against the natives; and small ves. more active and extensive, while that of
sels are even better than larger ones, be- Great Britain will continually decline. The
cause they can sail up the creeks. If price of sea otter skins is now so high at
several vessels sail at once on such an Macao and Canton, that £20 sterling
enterprise, which in case of need can are often paid for a single skin: many an
assist each other there is not the least American sailor brings home a profit of
darger.
several thousand dollars for his own
The north-west coast is now so well share; we may judge then, what must
known to the enterprising and expe- be the gain of the American merchant.
rienced sailors of the United States, that The valuable and beautiful furs, which
they do not consider a voyage to it as the north-west coast of America supplies
more important and dangerous than in such great abundance, are not the only
one to Europe, or even to the West articles which the Americans furnish the
Indies. The smallest American vessels, Chinese with. They are in want of many
brigs, and even schooners under a hun other things with which they are fur-
dred tons burden, sail thither without nished from the United States, and thus
any apprehension. They have no need the ties formed by commerce between
of spending a long time after their arri- China and America, must become more
val, to procure the necessary cargo of firm and durable. Above all, a remark-
more or less valuable skins and furs; in able production deserves to be mentioned
China they have not long to wait to ex- here, which grows in America itself, and
change their cargoes for the productions is almost peculiar to the United States ;
of the country, and it may be calculated, a production which is almost wholly un-
that unless some extraordinary accident known in Europe, but has been in use in


484
On the Trade of the United States with China. (July 1,
China from time immemorial, and is held in this remarkable plant an article pecu-
there in extraordinary esteem. This is liarly its own, which is, above all others,
the root Panax quinquefolia, or Ginseng. proper for the trade with China
The Chinese writers call this plant a pre- Many of your readers may, perhaps,
cious gift of nature, sweater than honey be curious to be better acquainted with
and the honey-comb, more valuable than a plant so esteemed by the great Chinese
fine gold, and jewels, and pearls, a glo- Mandarins, and in the Harems. The
rious gift of heaven, bestowed by the stalk of this plant, which attains the
gods upon mortals for their happiness, height of about a foot from the ground,
and their enjoyment on earth. Placed is of a dark red. It is adorned with
on a par with the philosopher's stone, it elliptical leaves, three of which always
is called the food of immortality, and it grow together, and each of which is
passes among the priests and physicians again divided into five little leaves. On
for a universal remedy, wholesome for account of the symbolical meaning at-
all weaknesses of the frail body, applica- tached to the numbers three and five,
ble to all diseases; nay, it is even said to which these leaves present to the eye,
prolong life, invigorating the nerves, the plant obtained, in ancient times, in
strengthening the understanding, cheer- China, the character of particular sacred-
ing the soul, soothing the mind, taming ness. The growth of this singular plant
the wild passions, and bestowing inex- is extremely slow, but then it attains an
haustible delights upon our mortal exist- age unusual in plants of this kind : when
cnce,
it has stood fifteen years or more, the
The reigning dynasty of the Mant- root is not yet an inch in diameter. Every
chews, in China, were proud that Nature year the stalk makes at the upper part of
produced this wonderful root, with such the root, as each new shoot marks,
magical powers, in their original country; which show by their number the age of
for it was found in Chinese Mogul Tar- the plant. The root itself is of an ellip
tary; but sparingly scattered in certain tical form, and commonly consists only
places and single districts. Here it was of one piece. The plant bears but a
considered as one of the regalia of the few seeds; two or three grains are all
crown, only the emperor had the right that can be gathered from one stem;
to have it gathered, and guards were these are of a bright red colour, in shape
posted at the places where it grew, that and size like those that may be collected
no one might presume to take openly, or from the honeysuckle. They ripen in
by stealth, what was for the emperor America, in the latter half of the month
alone. How fortunate was it for the of September, and their taste is more
Americans that they accidentally disco- aromatic than that of the root itself, but
vered, not very long ago, that this root, less bitter.
so highly esteemed in China, and paid Jn China the greatest care is taken in
for there with its weight in gold, which gathering this valuable root. It is not
it had been always supposed was only to done till it has attained the highest per-
be found in Tartary, as the Chinese had fection and maturity: this is during the
always boasted, was indigenous in the autumn and winter. In America they •
United States, and might be there col- long committed, from ignorance and in-
lected in far greater abundance than in attention, the great fault of collecting the
China, hitherto the only country where root from the spring to the first frost.
it was known to grow.
. As it is always soft and watery at this
It grows in the United States, in the season, it naturally shrunk together in dry-
whole of the immense tract from the ing, became very hard, and lost not only
Canadian Lakes to Georgia ; is found in weight but in goodness. This mis-
even in the northern states of New York take is still committed in some parts of
and Pensylvania, and flourishes in Vir- the United States, where the inhabitants
ginia and the two Carolinas. Nature make the collecting of the root only an
has spread it here, particularly in the occasional object; and when they are
tract between the Alleghany Mountains hunting or travelling, dig up the plant at
and the sea, and it thrives especially all seasons when they happen to meet
where the mountains take a south wes- with it. But by this they deprive the
terly direction. It loves a fertile soil ground of a valuable production, which
and cool shady spots on the declivity of would be far more valuable if it were
the mountains.
tended and cultivated with due care.
While Europe produces nothing which Though the Ginseng roots thus collected
it can offer to the Chinese in exchange by ignorant persons do not fetch in
for their productions, America possesses China the high prices which are given


480
[July 1,
On Hearing the Bells Ring out the Old Year.
hangs
to rejoice at the smiles of the indigent- Our joys and sorrows u ho had equal shar'd,
to share their plenty with the stranger, Had with us journey'd thro’ life's deepesi
and to make an alliance with the poor
gloom,
against the inclemency of the season-
Our hopes had cherished and our perils
dar'd.
When they produce such blessed effects
But here the semblance fails - in realms
as these, they are indeed divine! But
above
although the inconsiderate mirth of the Shall kindred spirits meet from sorrow free,
voluptuary may be startled, and his bet- Together knit in bonds of hallow'd love
ter feelings of humanity awakened by With endless songs shall hymn the Deity.
shifting the scene fron the table of ex- E'en frail mortality, that fils yon urn,
cess to the dark and cold abysses of a Again the vital spark shall re-illume,
prison, yet the heart most susceptible of But time's allotted portions ne'er return,
pity and benevolence, wants no such pro- Nc day shall break the silence of their tomb.
digies of horror to provoke a tear, or to
to For ever gone! with all its hopes and fears,
excite to acts of charity and compassion:
Which scarce existed e're they ceased to be,
and as a sense of gratitude is one of hea-
• Moments in hours absorb'd, hours, days, is
years,
ren's best gifts, and the expression of it And all
And all entomb'd in dread Eternity!
one of our most acceptable services, we There are, on whom the year's first sub
inust be careful, lest in dwelling on the arose,
general and individual distress around us, In all the pride that health and beauty gave,
we overlook the innumerable instances of Who amid pain and anguish mark its close;
mercy and beneficence of which we and Or happier tate! have found an earlier grave!
multitudes of our fellow mortals have There are, who o'er their infant's bier have
been the objects within the same period
wept,
of time. It cannot be denied that the
Or a loved partner to the grave consign'd,
comfort and happiness of mankind is at
Who many an anxious midnight watch have
least in proportion to the want and mi-
kept
E'er was each cherish'd hope of life re-
sery, and that in the same space of time,
sign'd.
as many have been rescued from distress, Perchance, e'en now, some pensive mourner
as depressed by sorrow; and there are,
doubtless, many of our brethren at this In speechless anguish o'er the couch of death,
moment, who, having shut out the dismal To soothe, with pious care, life's ling'ring
prospect of a winter's night, are enjoying pangs
their blaze of comfort and conviviality, Or catch a dying parent's latest breath.
surrounded by those most dear to them,
The scene is closed--the pulse of life's no
who, a few months ago, were themselves
more!
the objects of the charity and commise-
And the pure soul from sin and sorrow free,
In hope reposes; till the destin'd hour
ration of others.
Many a selfish being, who, having Butare there none, who, when the year began,
When death is swallow'd up in victory.
hitherto lived to himself alone, a stran- In pain and penury neglected lay?
ger to the influence of compassion--deaf By hope deserted and forgot by man,
to the cries of importunate misery-now, With Job had dared to curse their natal day!
weary of satiety and convinced of the un- Who now relieved from want, and woe, and
satisfactory and criminal nature of un-
participated enjoyinents, is proving, that With grateful bosoms hail the dawning year,
to cheer the sad heart, to minister to the And health-illum'd, those eyes beam bright
necessitous, to lighten the chains of the
again,
oppressed, and to lead the wanderer
That long were dimm'd with sorrows bitter
tear?
aright, are the only means by which the N
None-- who 'mid dissipation's mad career
superfluities of life can afiord to their ;
er The paths of vice and error long have trod,
possessors the title of comforts. While By faith inspir'd and awed by holy fear,
thousands who have been the objects of Implore the pardon of a pitying God?
spiritual mercies, may now be offering up Yes-mid the multitudes that sorrowing
the tribute of a grateful heart. Some view
such sentiments as these, appear to have The year's decline, myriads their voices raise
dictated the following lines on hearing To that great sonrce whence they their
the bells i ing out the old year.
blessings drew,
Hark! to the sounds that from yon gothic
And pour their grateful hearts in hymns of
praise.
tower
Bid their last farewell to the closing year,
Oh! may these thoughts awake my slumb-
ring powers,
Those solemn peals that mark its dying hour per
Remind my soul how much is to be done,
* Awake the pensive tribute of a tear.”
Teach me to value the fast fleeting houss,
'Tis as a friend were passing to the tomb,


488
[July 1,
Notices of Danish Literature.
noble piece, which has been so masterly acquired the genius of the Danish idiom,
translated by Voss, and which, set to and contributed to its cultivation by
music by Schulz, was performed in the their writings as poets. Athough nearly
royal chapel of the palace of Christians- all the poets of Denmark have employed
burg, on the birth-day of the king, 1792. their pen in the composition of songs,
In the cantata, Thaarup deserves to be and light convivial pieces, many of them
poticed as the successful rival of Ewald; with great success, and hare much cul-
while his three lyrical dramas descriptive tivated this species of writing, yet none
of rural manners, viz. Höstgildet (Har- can vie with Tode, neither with respect
vest-liome), Peter's Bryllup (Peter's to the number nor excellence of their
Wedding), and Humkomsteu (The Re- productions. In 1797 he published a
turn Home), contributed still more to complete edition of his songs, with the
secure him a place among the favourites title Viser og Selskabs sange (Ballads
of the public. A collection of his poems and Convivial Songs), forming the second
has been long promised, and anxiously volume of his poetical writings. The
expected.
former part consists principally of fables
Amongst those authors who had com- and tales, many of which are on classical
menced at an anterior period, many still subjects, and are adapted as well for
continued their poetical career. In Nor- youth of both sexes, as for more mature
way, Claus Frimann (whose brother, readers. The author knew how to wield
P. H. F., had now hung up his lyre, the poetic scourge with a master-hand.
never, alas! to resume it,) published in Brunn, who had distinguished himself
1788 his first collection of poems, which, by a different species of humour, yet
besides an alteration of some earlier bandled the lash of satire very effectively
pieces, contained several quite new, be- in two pieces, entitled Skrifteinaalet (The
longing to serious narrative, and to the Confession) and Omvendelsen (The Con-
epistle in verse. Storm, who was like version ;) he also displayed considerable
wise a native of Norway, produced his humour in his Comic Tales; yet con-
Samlede Digte (Collected Poems) in tinued too often to offend decency when
1785; and supported his reputation as a he could no longer excuse himself on the
satiric,* as a didactic, and as a descriptive plea of youthful indiscretion. He pub-
poet; while the heroid, the hymn, and lished several collections under various
sacred poctry, are also indebted to him titles, viz: Rimerier (Rhymes) 1789;
for many contributions. On his death, Blandinger (Medley) 179.); and Smaat-
1791, in his 15th year, Rahbek promised ing (Trifles) 1801; but during this pe-
to edite a new collection of his works, riod composed nothing for the stage. In
but it has not yet appeared. Danish li. this respect the pen of the ingenious
terature would have readily resigned, in Falsen was more prolific ; among his
exchange for them, the edition of the coinedies, which are chiefly imitations,
works of the late poet Riber; since, in- the piece of Hvad vil Folk sige? (What
dependently of his masterly translation will Folks say ?) borrowed from Florian's
of Voss's Louisa, bis merit is confined to Tale of Selmour, had great success. But
a correct versification.
his Comic Opera of Dragedukken (The
The lovers of comic poetry were pre. Supposititious Child) surpassed not only
sented with a far more valuable gift by all his own comedies, but every other
Monrad, Baggesen, and Pram, in their Danish Opera. Excepting the above,
collection of Wessel's works, (who died he wrote only a few trifles, such as war-
1783 at the age of 41,) published in 2 songs, &c. He died in 1808, holding an
vols. 1787; from which Soldin, the book. official situation in the government.
seller, afterwards printed some extracts. Fasting, almost the only Danish au-
A longer life, although not always un- thor in this class, published a continua-
der the most favourable circumstances, tion of his excellent Epigrams in the
was granted to the witty and ainiable Provinzialsamlinger, 1791, vol. i. wbich
Joh. Clem. Tode, who was born at Zolls- volume, however, was also the last, as
picker, in 1736, and died in 1807, a pro- he died in the same year.
fessor of medicine and physician to the We now proceed to notice those au-
court. He was one of those men, who, thors who made their debut on the
not only born but educated in another Danish Parnassus at the period of which
country, have nevertheless completely we are treating, and shall commence
with P. A. Heiberg, a writer now re-
• A character in which he also appeared siding at Paris ; whose comedies Heck-
with equal success in many contributions to inborn and Vous og Vans, although by
the Minerva, both in prose and verse. " no means chefs-d'auvre, yet rank monch


1819.)
Notices of Danish Literature.
489
higher than his other dramas published ferent climate: the beauties of this
1792-4, in 3 vols. under the title of piece werc greatly enhanced by the ex-
Sknespil. These form his only preten- quisite music of the composer, Kunzen.
sions to the title of poet; his other pro- Sander has also the merit of bringing
ductions possess too much personality Germany acquainted with the Belles Leta
and too little poetry." Heiberg, who tres of his country by his translations
had parodied an opera of Baggesen's of various productions of Ewold, Pram,
in 1789, in the following year himself Rahbek, &c. &c.
experienced a similar treatment from Less successful in his attempts to add
Professor Olufsen, who in the play of to the lyric department of the drama,
Jochum oz Maxen paid a like compli. Haste yet discovered indisputable ta-
ment to his Selim og Mirza. Olutsen lents, especially for elegiac and pastoral
also contributed to the theatre by the co- composition; and he was, moreover, for
medy of Guldaasen(The Gold Box) which several years, the favourite of many cire
betrayed an intimate acquaintance with cles in the metropolis, un account of his
the very refuse of society-in other re- charming vers de societé. At the very
spects abounded with comic situations, commencement of his literary career he
and excited expectations which ten years published a collection of his poems,
afterwards were frustrated by another which obtained for him a reward from
piece of a more sentimental cast, entitled the Institution for the promotion of the
Rosenkiæderne (Chains of Roses). In Belles Lettres; but since he quitted Co-
addition to these he has also occasionally penhagen for an office in the collection
produced some elegant trifles.
of the revenue at Fühnen, he wrote
Previous to the close of the 18th cen- but seldom, and his former productions
tury the Danish theatre was still farther are now remembered but by few.
i enriched by the labours of two writers, Doctor Rasmus Frahkman,* à con-
whose pieces, notwithstanding subse- temporary writer, participated also with
quent neglect, still remain uneclipsed. Haste in the neglect experienced from
Samsoe had already attained his 37th the public, after having long been a fa-
year, when in 1796 he deposited upon vourite author with the higher circles of
the altar of Melpomene an offering which, society at Copenhagen: his forte con-
hy the peculiar delicacy of feeling it dis- sisted in elegy and convivial song : his
BS played, addressed itself more particu- productions had frequently appeared in
Bar larly to the female sex, and which re- miscellaneous collections, as well as in
bet tained the favour it had acquired with many periodical publications, but were
the public, in spite of the severity of not printed separately till 1815, when
Baden, Baggesen, and other critics. The they appeared in one volume. A more
author died a few days before its first permanent reputation was acquired by
representation. It was soon afterwards Jens Gerlitz, a native of Norway (who
edited by Rahbek along with three early in life returned to his coun-
Tales, whose subjects, like that of the try in the profession of a clergyman).
tragedy taken from Danish history, were He took his seat among the poets of
treated in a manner equally worthy the Denmark in 1789, with an entire volume
reputation of the poet. This tragedy of poetical pieces; but although he has
forms the first volume of Samsoe's post. since occasionally embellished many
humous works--the tales are contained journals by his contributions, he has ne-
in the other.
ver added to his former admirable publi-
Sander's Tragedy, Niels Ebbensen of cation. He excels in various species-in
Norrerics eller Dannemark's Befrielse, satire; in epistle; in convivial pieces;
(N.E. of N. or the Liberation of Den- in the heroic ode, and in travestie. As
mark) was of a more masculine charac- the poetry of Getlitz was characterized
ter; it was first inserted in the Scandic by a careless and lively view of things,
navian Museum, afterwards (1799) was that of his compatriot, Jonas Reins,
separately printed. Independently of who rivalled him in the descriptive class,
its conspicuous poetical merit, Niels Eb- was generally stamped by gloomy and
bensen possesses no little value from its serious reflection. He displayed his
patriotic sentiments. In bis Eropolis, powers more especially in Elegy and
a lyric drama, which appeared in 1803, Heroide, but has also successfully culti-
Sander has placed the scene in a very dif- vated other species-hymn, epistle, bal-
* Among these are the Adventures of a
Rixdollar-note (Rigsdaler sedlens Hændel-
* He died at Slagelse in Zealand, 1814,
ser), 2 vols. 1787.
in the 48th year of his age.
New Monthly Mag.–No.66. Vow. XI. 3R
I
the nuk
no les
Laat
ic br


492
[July 1,
Notices of Danish Literature.
“ Elegant Extracts," being a selection ciety was composed of only the following
of pieces both in prose and verse, ar- members, viz: Jacobi, Malling, Professor
ranged under different heads, and con- Rahbek, Thaarup, Captain Abraamson,
taing brief notices of the writers from and Professors Sander and Baden, the lat-
whose works the compilation was made. ter of whom was secretary and treasurer.
While publications of this nature tended
to bring their readers more intimately Here terminates the catalogue of those
acquainted with their native poetry; Danish poets who have flourished during
while they, in some instances, gare ex- the last 35 years; the partiality of pa-
istence to really beautiful productions, triotism, for which due allowance must
and, in others, preserved them froin ob- be made, may perhaps have somewhat
livion, the habits of the nation, and the over-rated their merits ; yet, upon ex-
events of the times caused the cultiva. amination, some might doubtless be found
tion and the extension of certain depart worth translating. Many years have
ments of poetry. It was thus, more not elapsed since German literature
especially towards the close of the 18th might be said to be quite unknown in
century, that the custom of introducing this country; and few conceived that it
singing at private parties and convivial contained sufficient to repay the labour
meetings has occasioned such a multitude of acquiring it. Even now, judging from
of songs of a gay, yet innocent character, the translations which have been made
that in this respect Denmark can rival from it, we could not estimate it very
any other country whatever. Those highly: in too many instances the most
who have most distinguished themselves contemptible of its productions have
in this species of writing are Rahbek, been re-manufactured for the English
Tode, Baggesen, Zetlitz, Thaarup, market, while, in several others, with per.
Abraamson, Heiburg, M. C. Brunn, haps the single exception of Oberon,
Haste, and Frankenan.
there has been substituted, for the un-
The cultivation of another branch of translatible graces and idiomatic beauties
Jyric poetry- the hymn, was greatly pro- of the originals, little more than an out-
moted by an institution, which had for line filled up with crude colouring. The
its object the publication of a new literature of every nation possesses num-
Psalm book, towards which the best poets berless works of science, which nerer
were invited to contribute, with which are translated ; on their account a know-
request most of them complied. In ledge of modern languages will always
order to effect their intention more com- be serviceable to the scientific student,
pletely, previously to the appearance of while, to those who desire to become
the work itself, the conductors of it pub- acquainted with the poetry and belles
lished a specimen, and having listened to lettres of foreign nations, they are in-
the opinions of those best qualified to dispensable. A coloured engraving may
judge of such an undertaking, they edited be rendered a fac-simile, if not of a
the Evangelisk-Christelig Psalmebog, a painting, at least of a tinted drawing;
work which has produced such benelicial but translation never can become fac-
effects in the moral education of the simile; it may present us with an ac-
people. The hostilities on the part of curate outline, with exquisite chiaro
England excited many men of talents to oscuro, with a beautiful execution, and
the composition of patriotic and martial with graces of its own, yet the identical
songs: many, who had hitherto touched colouring of the original it never can
the lyre with more or less ability, now convey: or, in other words, we may be
seized the war-trumpet ; those who most highly gratified even by a translation,
distinguished themselves on this occasion nay, in some instances, be more delighted
were Abraamson, Falsen, Nycrup, Olsen, than by the original; but that we should
Pram, Sander, Thaarup, &c.
be affected precisely in the same manner
The society instituted for the promo- is utterly impossible. While, therefore,
tion of literature and the fine arts, I would recommend versions of some of
under the patronage of the king, had the choicest specimens of Danish litera-
indeed ceased to publish such writings ture, it is rather from a desire to excite
as had obtained prizes. But after an an acquaintance with the originals, than
interval of torpidity, it appeared to rouse from a wish that the former should su-
itself, and again proposed prizes both for persede the latter.
original compositions and translations in The recent poetry of that country
the class of belles lettres. At the end may at least be regarded as a mine yet
of Christian the Seventh's reign, this so- unexplored by the literati of Great Bri-
tain.
INCOGNITO.
* It is entitled Dansk Læsebog og Mem-
'samling
Yarmouth, May 2, 1819.


1394
(July 1,
English Manners in the Seventeenth Century.
with whatever differs from his ordinary other country, but cannot, without de-
customs, we must not be astonished if tection, in England. “An Englishman
the English and French, when they come said, one day, to a friend of mine, that
in contact, should be severe critics upon he could not put up with our long bow
each other, which only affords amuse- men ; an I, replied the other, have an
ment to inen of liberal minds, who look equal dislike for your dandies !" Luckily,
at things as they really are, and who however, these fops, adds he, are easily
are convinced, that whatever depends distinguishable, and of course avoidable,
solely upon fashion must be in its own in England, where the people of all
nature a matter of indifference. “We ranks, in general, dress themselves in a
must do at Rome as Rome does," re- simple and uniform manner. Of the
membering that peculiar national cus-
LADIES,
toms are like hoop petticoats, and opera indeed, this gallant Frenchman speaks
lats, which are very becoming on some in a handsomer and inore decisive man.
occasions, though they would be ridicu- ner, observing that much honour is due
lous on many others.
to theiu in England, and they are per-
He then sums up by observing, that mitted to enjoy a great and praise-wor.
although the English nation, like all thy liberty ; though still they receive
others, must doubtless have some parti- not advantages nor honour equal to
cular defects, yet all things considered, what they deserve for their beauty, good
and taking a general view, he was fully figure and address, neatness, and the ad-
persuaded by his own experience, an mirable assemblage of all their charms.
experience of several years, that the He states however, and evidentir on
more Englishmen are known by foreign good authority, that before the Refor-
nations the more will they be esteemed. mation the English of both sexes dressed
“ What fine fellows have I known in in a style both extravagant and indecent;
England ! what moderation ! what ge- eren in the time of Elizabeth, the ladies
nerosity! what rectitude of heart! what still retaining doublets, cork appendages,
piety! what charity! Yes, there are in &c. Indeed in those days they used to
England numerous individuals of a cha- wear dresses, Spanish, Turkish, or
racter and disposition which may really Moresque ; but when he wrote all the
he called accomplished and perfect world was French, still does he add, with
men who are wisdom and goodness per- a degree of good sense, which we trust
sonified, if we may so speak of any but our fair readers will not pass over un-
the Almighty God of all! Peace and heeded : " the English ladies do not
prosperity then for ever to England !" adopt our French costume, but under
After such an eulogium, who would sup- certain restrictions; they say that we
pose that there were
inrent, but that they refine upon our in-
DANDIES
ventions." That observation indeed he
at that day in England ? yet our writer does not apply to the patches with which
confesses it, for he observes, that al- the hunan face divine was then disti-
though we must acknowledge that there gured; a custom which he merely marks
are more Gascons in Gascony than in as not unknown to the ladies of France,
any other part of the world, yet still are though worn only by the young and
there some to be found in other places. pretty ; whereas in England, young, old,
The same may be said of those ridiculous handsome and ugls, are patched to an
pelit inaitres,who then were not very rare extreme. “I have often counted fifteen
in France, and abounded in Paris. Eng- patches, nay more, upon the black and
land also, says he, has an extensive col- wrinkled face of an old harridan of
lection of these animals, and London in seventy. Thus the English certainly
particular is well supplied with them. refine upon our fashions !**
The English call these curious nonde. In addition to this he mentions a hor
scripts tope and Beaur. The theatres, rid custom, which certainly could never
the chocolate-houses, and the parks, have existed any where but in the age
swarm with them. They are the cut- of barbarism, that those who bad warts
ters out of all new fashions; with pe- or blotches upon their faces, cultivated
rukes and coats loaded with powder, as the long hairs which grew upon them,
millers are with flour; lips bedaubed with extraordinary solicitude, informing
with snuff; airs of negligence and dis- him, when he asked the reason, that they
habille; in short, a set of fellows who af- considered them as syiptoms of good
fcet superior rank, and who want no luck!
thing but the title of marquis, which With all his deference for the fair sex,
they would doubtless assume in any he acknowledges that scolds are some-


1819.)
495
Bode's Opinions on Meteorology.
times to be met withi, whom he states to ing their exertion to the grand outlines,
be subject to punishment “ in a way only endeavoured, above all things, to
pleasant enough.” This very agreeable determine the mean motions of the planc-
mode of domestic discipline for the pre- tary bodies, and it was not till they had,
servation of conjugal harmony, is de in a certain degree, accomplished this,
scribed as consisting of an arm-chair that they sought to determine the anorna-
fixed at the end of two parallel spars lies, or greater and smaller deviations;
about twelve or fifteen feet in length, thousands of years passed away before
80 that the two spars support the chair they changed the circle, in which all
which is between, and hung upon an bodies were presumed to move into an
Axle-tree, wbich allows the chair always ellipse, and this again some centuries
to retain its horizontal position at any later into an ellipse variously disturbed
degree of elevation or depression. The by attraction. But has meteorology
next process in this interesting opera. been yet able to determine even the mean
tion is to fix two posts by the side of a motions, the mean course of the weather
horse-pond, where the apparatus is hung in general, and in the gross, to say no.
in exact equipoise. The speaker is ihen thing at present of the partial interrup-
culled to the chair, not indeed to be an tions in different places, and from very
noved by the long arguments which different reasons? Vor shall we ever be
sometimes puzzle other speakers, but to able to attain ever; this commenceinend of
enjoy a little of the ups and downs of a scientific process, the view of a mean
life, until the fair one's superabundant probable course, unless (for which we,
caloric is exhausted.
however, see at present no measures
Thank heaven such pleasant opera. taken,) observations are inade daily
tions are now become upecessary-just and hourly, for tifty years together, with
as the extirpation of roguery has caused unahating zeal, and with similar instru-
the abrogation of the pillory!
ments, on all parts of the inhabited
Doubtless we may say as much of ano- globe, at the same time, between the
ther species of exhibition, which he de- north and the south poles, and in all the
scribes by saying that he has sometimes five zones of both henuispheres, and these
met in the streets of London a female combined observations, compared and
carrying a male effigy crowned with a examined with the most rigorous earc, in
superb pair of horns, preceded by a order to obtain some general and posi-
drum, and followed by a dozen black tive results as a foundation for further
guards, making a most hideous harmonic rescarches. But to come to the point in
pell mell with tongs, pokers, gridirons, question: Mr. Bode, in his Astronomie
kettles, pots, and pans; and when he cal Calendar for the year 1820, has given
has enquired the cause of these unhar- us some remarks on the great solar
inonic chromatics, he was informed that eclipse of Nov. 19, 1816, which, as far as
it was some fair one of the neighbour- they relate to meteorology, appear to be
hood who had well beaten her husband worthy of attention, and generally in-
for suspecting that he had been qualified teresting even to those who are not
for an unconditional entry into heaven, astronomers. Great solar eclipses inci-
whilst the fair one's character was thus dentally furnish an opportunity to have
re-established !
a general view of the weather at the
same time in many, often distant places,
BODE'S OPINIONS ON METEOROLOGY. by a comparison of the accounts of such
JIR, EDITOR,
a phenomenon, by astronomical obser-
THE opinion of a distinguished astro- vers and spectators, which come to the
nomer (which I take the liberty of send- knowledge of the public. With this
ing rou) respecting meteorology, de- view Mr. Bode has arranged, under one
serves the more attention from those meteorological point of view, the various
who employ themselves in the investiga accounts which he has either received in
tion of the weather, as meteorology, hi. writing, or found in public journals, re-
therto a science only in name, since it is specting that eclipse.
destitute of every thing that constitutes On the 19th of November, 1816, there
the essence of a science, cannot be raised was at the time of the eclipse either, Ist,
from its state of childhood and tutelage, an entirely gloomy sky, so that it could
except by endeavouring to follow the not be seen at all; or, 2nd, mixed rea-
same difficult and tedious, but only secure ther, where the eclipse could be partially
path, by which astronomy has risen to seen; or, 3d, fine weather, so that it
an elevation that justly commands our could be clearly observed in its whole
adgiration. Astronomers at first direct duration. Among the places of the first


496
• Bode's Opinions on Meteorology.
(July 1,
class were, Leipsig, St. Petersburg, Nu- at once in different places) also every
remberg, Wilna, Mannheim, Danzig, possible degree of heat and cold, a thou-
Hanover, Dorpat, Mietau, Hamburg, sand fold, but irregularly mixed toge-
Cracow, Cassel, Riga, Dunaburg, Mar- ther. Now the surface of the whole
burg, Gottingen, Gotha, Augsburg, globe (including both land and water)
Schwedt, Soldin, Stettin (on the Harz,) amounts to above 9,280,000 square
&c. Among the places of the second miles (Mr. Bode of course means Ger-
class were, Kloster Hradisch (in Bohe- man miles;) avd as experience erery
mia,) Königsberg, Copenhagen, Krems- where shews, in each single country,
munster, Culm, Warsaw, Bütow (in Po- even in a tract of a few square miles, a
merania,) &c.; and of the third cluss different and often quite opposite wea.
were, Berlin, Vienna, Paris, Ofen, Dres- ther and temperature of the air prevails.
den, Milan, Prague, Tangerinude, But if this be the case, who would ven-
Glatz, Thorn, Stolpe (in Pomerania,) ture with this infinite diversity, in the
Zetmin (in Mecklenburg,) the Isle of course of the weather in single parts, to
Rugen, &c. (To these places of the guess, or determine beforehand, the par-
third class mentioned in the Almanack, tial changes in such or such a place or
may be added Marseilles, Toulouse, country, since these particular changes
Viviers, Mirepoix, Genoa, Madrid, Bil- are mostly effected by chemical pru-
boa, Cadiz, Abo, Stockholm, &c.)
cesses (not sufficiently known to us) in
Now if in the collective sum of the our atmosphere and on the surface of
weather, such as it takes place at every the earth, chiefly in our own neighbour-
time upon the whole surface of the hood (that is to say chiefly by local
globe, there were any thing like regu- causes)." Every careful enquirer into
larity and connection, we might reason- . Nature, and particularly the attentive
ably conjecture, that over a certain ex- and unprejudiced observer of the wea-
tent of country fine weather, and over ther, will certainly not hesitate to sub-
another cloudy or bad weather should scribe to this opinion, as they must have
on the whole prevail. But here upon a been long since convinced by experience
considerable tract, between Cadiz and how fruitless all attempts have hither.
St. Petersburg, we have fine and cloudy to been to reduce to certain rules,
weather distributed and mixed together the general nature of the weather, the
without any appearance of regularity - character of it, prevailing sometimes for
fine at Dresden, cloudy at Leipsig ; fine a longer, sometimes for a shorter time,
at Thorn, cloudy at Danzig, &c. Let in more or less extensive of country,
any one mark upon a map, by three dif- and its unstable, mutable, indefi-
ferent columns, for instance, all the nite character, and its often sudden
abovementioned places, where the eclipse, changes, or even to lay down with any
on account of the weather, was observed degree of certainty something periodi-
either not at all, or imperfectly, or in its cal, returning after the lapse of a giren
whole duration ; certainly it must make time. That many meteorologists, and
a most motley appearance, because those of these chiefly those who are not astro-
places present in this view a mass of con- nomers, seck for a main cause of the
fusion. “I would like," savs Bode, to weather in the stars, is, in truth, merely
Jav such a map before the meteorologists, a make-shift of human weakness and
in order to convince them how various ignorance, which, from the most ancient
and irregular the weather was at one times, when it could not find close at
and the same time on this part of the hand any means of explaining a natural
surface of the globe, that they may not phenomenon, thought it was to be found
expect too niuch order in it. If the in the heavens. What influence thie
eclipse occurred at a season of the year planets, and especially the sun and moon,
in which not much fine weather was to may have on our weather, it is not our
be expected among us, yet the weather present business to enquire. An essay
was favourable in many places, but those on this subject, by Bode, very well worth
places sometimes close together, some reading, is to be found in the second
times very remote from each other, so volume of the Magazine, of the Berlin
that in many intermediate places the Society of Enquirers into Nature. Ber.
sky was obscured with clouds. I think I lin, 1808.
may renture to affirm, that there are I have just learned that Mr. Bode bas
upon the earth, at the same time, all very lately published something further
possible kinds of weather, and (as all the on the subject. Should the present
different seasons are likewise to be found communication be deemed by you likely


498
(July 1,
Memoir of Ewald Christian Von Kleist.
ters shew how disgusted he was with it. Tyre soon died away. He received the
He was fond of amusement, and pos- unexpected news, that Miss Von Golz,
sessed the happy art of converting tri- had been obliged by her relations, to
fling pleasures into greater, by his mode consent to a very advantageous marriage.
of enjoying them. Like most persons This deeply affected him; at the same
of his disposition, he was careless in pe- time his friend Gleim was separated from
cuniary concerns, which involved him in him, so that he felt himself quite forlorn
difficulties before he was aware. Youth, in the dull town of Potsdam. He in-
however, made all care sit easy; he dulged himself in his grief, till it reliered
hoped to be rapidly promoted, and was itself by tender complaints; his heart was
unconcerned if his few creditors were revived and refined by the soothing tones;
but patient. His acquaintance was but the cheerful, careless temper of his
chiefly confined to his comrades, to youth was fled, and never entirely re-
whom however his superior education was turned. Here it is, that the life of the
in general, is unwelcome, as their want poet properly begins ; with his two ele-
of it was disagreeable to him. It was no gies « To Wilhelmina," (Miss Von Gole)
wonder that a thousand disagreements and “ Longing for Repose." In 1744,
and disputes arose between them. Thus, and 1745, he made the campaign of Bo-
in 1743, Kleist fought a duel with ano- hemia, where his bravery and prudence,
ther officer, in which he was severely on all occasions, gained him the appro-
wounded in the arm. This proved to bation and confidence of his superiors.
be a fortunate circumstance, both for After the peace of Dresden, he returned
Kleist and for the public, by being the with his regiment, in 1746, to Potsdam.
occasion of his first acquaintance with The fatigue of the campaign, and still
the celebrated Gleim, with whom he con- more, an illness which seized him at
tracted a most intimate friendship, which Hirschberg, and in which he nearly lost
was among the greatest blessings of his his life, by the unskilfulness of a surgeon,
life, and to which we are, probably, in- had much weakened his constitution.
debted for the poems which have gained and at the same time, increased his me-
bim such distinguished reputation. In lancholy. His only consolation was
the house of Colonel Von Schulze, where found in bis correspondence with Gleim,
Gleim was intimate, the young wounded and in poetry. He had already suffered
officer was spoken of with such particu- some smaller poems to appear, without
lar regard, that Gleim was induced to his name, in various periodical journals.
call on him, and found him very weak in He now began his great poem, “ The
bed, with " Cæsar de Bello Gallico," ly. Spring," fragments of which he sent,
ing open on a table near it. The patient from time to time, to Gleim, fur his opi-
complained that he was forbidden to nion. The work, however, proceeded
read, and accepted with jov Gleim's offer slowly, chiefly on account of his ill health.
to read to him. Once he happened to In 1749, Kleist was made captain on the
read to him a comic poem of his own, staff, and became acquainted, in Berlin,
which made the patient laugh so heartily with Ramler, and then printed, for the
that his wound broke out afresh, and a first time, at his own expence, “ The
violent hæmorrhage ensued. The surgeon Spring ;" but only a few copies for bis
who was sent for declared that the loss friends, and without his name. As soon
of blood would greatly tend to promote as it was known, the fame of the author
his recovery, and, in fact, the wound spread rapidly, and repeated editions
healed rapidly after this accident. “To hardly sufficed to gratify the impatience
poetry, and you," said he, with a smile of the public. Seldom, if ever, did a
of gratitude, to Gleim, “I owe iny re- German poem, and that too by an author
covery." Henceforward, the most ten before unknown, obtain such rapid and
der friendship unfolded itself in the brilliant success. In 1751, Kleist ob-
hearts of both, and became the source of tained a company. In 1752, he went to
the charming effusions by which Kleist Switzerland, to recruit, and on this occa-
afterwards acquired so great a reputa- sion, became acquainted, at Zurich, with
tion. Gleim's example gradually awak, Bodmer, Breitinger, Wieland, and
ened in him a new inclination for poetry, others; and took particular pleasure
which he had loved even in his youth. in the company of Hirzel, with whom
Inclination gives courage. After some he had contracted an intimate friendship
fruitless attempts, he sent to Gleim his in 1747, at Berlin. In 1756, the King
first essay, which he called Anacrcontic, gave him a majority in the regiment of
on the 4th December, 1743.
General Von Hausen, which was put in
. But the cheerful tones of his young garrison, at Leipsig. Here he becamo


1819.
499
Memoir of Ewald Christian Von Kleist.
.
acquainted with Lessing and Weisse ; so that he instantly fell from his horse.
and during the tranquillity which he en- Anxious for the victory-animated by
joyed there, he composed several new the confusion of the battle, and the un-
poems. After the battle of Rossbach, paralleled bravery of his men, he twice
the King, in a letter of his own hand. attempted, with the assistance of those
writing, gave him the superintendence around him, to remount his horse, but in
of the great military hospital, which was vain, he fell exhausted to the ground,
established at Leipsig. His humane cha- exclaimed, “ My laris, do not forsake
racter was unanimously applauded by the your King!" and fainted. He was car-
sick and wounded of both parties, and ried to the rear. A surgeon was pro-
liis disinterested conduct, by all the inha- cured, and Kleist recovered from his
bitants of the city. In 1758, he served fainting fit, when the surgeon began to
with the army of Prince Henry, where wash the wounds with brandy; but while
he could not fail of opportunities to dis- he was employed in binding a handker-
tinguish himself, which he did on many chief round the patient's leg, he was shot
occasions. Yet amidst all the fatigues through the head with a musket ball, and
and dangers of war, he never abandoned fell liteless by the side of the wounded
the muses, sometimes correcting the hero. Soon after, some Cossacks came,
poems he had already written, sometimes and stripped him of his clothes, even his
composing new ones.
hat and shirt. Had he not spoken Polish
In the beginning of the following cam- to them, they would have killed him ; but
paign, 1759, he went, with Prince Henry's taking him for a Pole, they spared bis
army to Franconia, and remained with life, and threw himn into a ditch. Quite
it till he was detached with the corps of exhausted by the fatigue and loss of
General Fink, to join the King's army, blood, he sunk, towards evening, into a
against the Russians. On the 12th of profound sleep. During the night, some
August was the bloody battle of Cü- Russian hussars found him, and filled
nersdorff, where he was to die gloriously, with compassion for his sufferings, drew
as he had often wished, for his King and him upon a dry place, made himn a bed of
country. The day before, and in the straw, near to a watch fire, covered him
morning of the battle, as the army was with a cloak and hat, and gave him
advancing against the enemy, he was ob- some bread and water. Towards morn-
served to be uncommonly cheerful. Un- ing, when they left him, one of them
der the command of General Fink, he offered him a piece of money, worth
attacked the right flank of the Russian about an English shilling; but Kleist re-
army. Kleist with his battalion, had fusing it, the generous hussar threw it
already assisted in taking three batteries, into the cloak with which he had covered
when, besides twelve severe contusions, him, and rode off with his companions.
he was much wounded in the two first Cloak, hat, and money, were soon the
fingers of his right hand, so that he was prey of other Cossacks, who, however,
obliged to wield his sword with the left. left Kleist on bis bed of straw. Thus
Not seeing any longer the commander of he lay, uncovered, and in great pain, till
the battalion, he gallopped forwards as ten in the morning, when a Russian
his men were putting to flight an Austri- officer of the name of Stackelberg, riding
an battalion, with the bayonet, and think- by, he called to him, and let him know
ing only of victory, led them, amidst a his rank. This officer had him conveyed
dreadful cannonade, against the fourth in a waggon to Francfort on the Oder,
battery. He collected the standards of where his wounds were, for the first
his regiment around him, that his men time, properly dressed. The next day,
might follow him courageously-took an at the urgent desire of Professor Nico-
ensign by the arm, who had already three Jai, he was removed to that gentleman's
pair of colours to carry, and so advanced house, where every possible attention
towards the battery. A musket ball was paid to him, and the physicians
passed through his left arm, which was had some hopes of his recovery. He
immediately disabled ; he therefore again read frequently, and conversed with
took his sword in his right hand, holding much cheerfulness with the Francfort
it with two fingers and the thumb. professors, and the Russian officers who
Every fresh wound secmed to redouble visited him. On the Ilth day the sbat-
his ardour, and he fancied himself already tered hones separated, and tore an ar-
triumphant, in possession of the fourth tery, which bled profusely before the
battery. He was only about thirty surgeon could staunch it. He now grew
paces from the object of his efforts, evidently weaker, and the severe pain
when a grape shot shattered his right leg, even caused convulsion. But he still


1819.
501
Of Blight, and the Transmigrution of Insects.
known amongst us; for we are a nation avail themselves of the means thus held
by no means slow in discovering what re- out, for the purpose of encouraging them
mains undone, towards improving the to rise by industry and frugality, until
condition and happiness of our labour they become useful and important to the
ing classes, or in applying the experience state.-It is likewise hoped, that those
of other countries to the amelioration of who have small sums of money unem-
our own: and yet none of our philan- ployed, which they may bave occasion for
thropists seem to have been aware of the after a short period, or have no early
existence of a bank for savings, in the opportunity of applying to advantage,
heart of the most considerable commer- will perceive the benefit they may derive
cial city on the continent, for nearly forty from it.
years. It is Humburgh, which appears « Money will be received into this fund
to me to deserve the credit of having laid throughout every month, and the interest
the first stone of one of the most useful, will be computed from the first day of
if not the most splendid, of the noble the succeeding month.
edifices which, in our days, adorn the ex- “$110. Every one who deposits any
tensive field of christian benevolence. money in the Saviny Fund, must pre-
I am indebted to the amiable and elo serve a receipt, made out and signed by
quent, to the earliest, and perhaps the the directors appointed for the tiine by
most enlightened public advocate of these the Provident Institution; which re.
banks, the Reverend Henry Duncan, of ceipt is a full security for the sum depo-
Ruthwell, for the subsequent details, sited, bearing an increase of one shilling
which were communicated to him, some banco, per annum, for each rix-dollar
years after the publication of his own banco ; payable upon drawing out the
masterly essay. They will serve to shew money and delivering back the security
that philanthropists, like poets, may think receipt. The amount of the sum to be de-
and act, in different ages and climes, as posited is optional; yet nothing less than
twin brothers in sentiment and deed, fifteen marks banco can be received, and
without being plagiarists! Those also, every larger sum so lodged must be divi-
who are acquainted with the administra- sible by five.
tions of these institutions, will be grati- " $ ill. No further gain will be de.
fied by observing the coincidence it pre- rived from this fund by the Provident
sents with a branch of that of the HAM. Institution, than one half per cent. for
BURGH “PROVIDENT INSTITUTION.". charges of management, to be levied on
- This establishment was founded in deposits as fixed by rule 30th."
the year 1778, and was principally on the regret that my information does not
plan of annuities. The tables, however, extend further ; but I should hope, that
having been constructed on false prin- some one of your numerous readers will
ciples, were found not to answer, and the be able to acquaint us how far this useful
scheme was consequently dropped for a institution succeeded, and particularly
time. It was revived afterwards on an that branch of it, to which the foregoing
improved footing, and continued to suc- belongs. It would, also, be interesting
ceed, until the chainpion of liberal ideas to know, whether any steps have been
laid his benevolent hand on its funds! taken to revive it, since the expulsion of
“ One of the subordinate branches of Davoust and his party of Anli Legiti-
the establishment was a bank for savings, mates. I remain, Sir,
of which the following were the rules :-
Your faithful servant,
« Tit. xii. Of the Saving FUND; or May 7, 1819.
9th class of this Provident Institution.
"g 109. The “Savings' Fund," in this OP BLIGHT, AND THE TRANSMIGRA-
Provident Institution, which is wholly
TION OP INSECTS.
distinct from the other branches of the Rerum Natura nusquam magis quam in mi-
establishment, and consequently does not nimis, tota sit. Plin. Nat. Hist. xi. 2. ,
confer on the depositors a right to vote THE prolific vegetation of the open-
in a general meeting, is intended to be of ing Spring, leads us, almost instinctively,
general use, and, especially, to be of ad- to adinit the truth of the above observa-
vantage to frugal and industrious persons tion of Pliny. In every step of our re.
of every description, such as sertants, searches into the works of an all-boun-
day labourers, mechanics, sailors, s.r., by tevus Providence, we find it amply verio
affording them an opportunity to accus fied: but when we discover an almost
mulate little by little, a small fund, and innumerable tribe of insects, varying in
to place out their savings securely at their different powers and objects, we
interest: it is, therefore, hoped, they will are also led to conclude, that this exten- '-
S.


502
(July 1,
Of Blight, and the Transmigration of Insects.
sive provision has not been made for the those blights attended with large worms,
use of man alone,- creatures of every or caterpillars, seem hatched by the eas-
other race, must also subsist and partake terly winds; and these others, which only
of part, at least, of the great feast which produce the small insects, that occasion
nature bounteously spreads before all the curling of the leaves of trees, may
Hence, I have been led to enquire into proceed from swarms of them, either
the birth of insects, and while my garden ready hatched, or in the egg, brought
furnished me with a copious index, my with the wind. Every insect has its proper
attention was fixed upon those which are plant, or tribe of plant, which it natu-
found on the under side of the leaves of rally requires for its nourishment, and
cabbages and currant trees. These are will feed on no other; and in which, or
cominonly called BLIGIT, and it is sun near to which, it therefore lays its eggs :
posed, that they are brought by, or in this accounts for some being infected
the easterly winds, which usually visit while others cscape; this also, accounts
our western shores at this period of the for a reason, why all kinds of plants
year. Now, froin the evidence which I should not be blighted at the same time.
have gathered, and from some analogous They travel to us from the north east
reasoning, I ain iuclined to question this part of Great Tartary, &c. where the
principle, and to consider it as a vulgar cold is intense enough to give them life,
error; and I shall be well satisfied to and froin whence there is not sea enough
find, that the following observations may by the warmth and saltness of whose
attract the notice of some one of your vapours, they might be suffocated: those
inore informed readers, who may be in- brought from the north east parts of
duced to offer his explanation of my America, are probably destroyed by pas-
doubts.
sing the vast Atlantic Ocean, which may
Ray, and Malpighi, and Derham, agree be the reason why the south-east wind
in their designation of those insects to be is not so infectious."
of the Phulona or Ichneumon fly kind. Dr. Hales, ascribes blights to the ob-
Under whatever leaf they are found, the struction of perspiration in blossoms and
upper surface is incrusted with tumours, leaves, occasioned by a continued dry
or, as Rav calls them, strumous swellings, easterly wind, without showers or dew :
of a reddish-brown colour. When the in consequence of which, the perspirable
embryo, or egg, is deposited (Der. ii. 328 matter becomes glutinous, and adheres
note) on a leaf, the leaf is observed to to the surfaces of leaves, hereby affording
bend, as if purposely to inwrap it, and a nutriment for insects, which prey on
defend it from cold and other injuries; the leaves and tender branches of the
and Malpighi accounts for these, by the fruit trees, where the blight happens,
eggs being laid in as far as the pith, while though they are not the first cause of it;
the plant is young and tender, which and he recommends, as a remedy, the
causes their shoots to tumify, and become washing and sprinkling them with fair
knotty and gouty. It is by this outward water, and if their shoots seem to be
sign that we discover the blight. much infected, washing them with a
This disorder in plants seldom hap- woollen cloth, so that thoir perspiration
pens but upon the blowing of sharp cas- may not be obstructed. Another blight
terly winds, which are most frequent in arises on sharp frosty mornings, &c.
the month of March ; Mr. Bradley says, I have gathered my information thus
that “this does not explain why one far from the Cyclopædia ; but it does not
plant should be blighted more than ano- afford a conclusive answer to my ques-
ther-standing all in the same row, and tion. I have for this purpose, therefore,
being of different kinds ;" he observes, carefully watched my currant trees from
that caterpillars, and other insects gene- the time that they have not a bud, till the
rally attend those winds, and that they time of the fruit being set, and ready for
infest some one kind of tree more than gathering. I have observed their gra-
another, and even some particular branch dual progress till their youngest leaves
more than others : and thence, he infers, expand, free of the least perceptible in-
either that their eggs, or the insects sect or egg; and also, after a blighting
theniselves, are brought to us by the easterly wind, which one should suppose
easterly winds; or, that the tomperature would sweep the stem and upper part
of the air, when the eastern winds blow, of the leaves and branches; and I bare
is necessary to hatch those creatures sup- discovered, agreeably to the above natu-
posing the eggs to have becn already laid ralists, the upper surface to be incrusted,
on the infected parts. Now, each of these and crumpled up, and of a reddish co-
causes seems to have its separate effect: lour, and the under part of the leaf, which


404
On the Condition of the Highland Peasantry. (July 1,
copyma or: maternal tenderness of the de- at present at least, to consider the decay
parted parent! The same divine sagacity of our pation as it appears in the cir.
which assigns to each its proper place cumstances and misfortunes of a small
throughout all the neembers of creation, indeed, but a very important portion of
also provides a concealed retirement for our countrymen - the natives of the
it during the winter season, and obviates Highlands of Scotland, that brave and
tjie dauyer of a weary transmigration, interesting people, who have so lately
for which the parent's strength is too deserved and obtained the praise of the
feeble to subsist, and whose allotted pe whole kingdom.
riod of life is too short to effect this its No people, of whom any record has
ultimate purpose.
A. H. been handed down to us, have undergone,
so great and so sudden a change as the
ON THE CONDITION OF THE HIGHLAND Highlanders. Surrounded by their
* PEASANTRY BEFORE AND SINCE THE mountains and forests they lived, from
REBELLION OP 1745.
the remotest ages, detached from the
STATES and nations, as well as in. world, a fearless and impetuous race,
dividuals, bave their periods of growth The barriers which nature had built
and maturity, of decay and of dissolution. around them, as they prevented acccea.
The constitution and forins of govern to their southern neighbours, so they.
ment which are reared by human wis- prevented them from keeping pace with
dom, and which have received all the their improvements. The appearance of
fundamental strength and stability that their country was dark and desolate, and
a brave and reflecting people could im- exposing no attractions but to its own
part, reach, after all, but a certain point inhabitants. It is obvious that neither
of eminence, on which they either dissolve the idea nor the uses of agriculture
at once by some dreadful convulsion, or would readily occur to a people, the
gradually crumble away like our own, general aspect of whose country pre."
by frequent underminings and impair- sented such an obstacle to the powers
ment. Like a tall pillar which has been of cultivation, and who had abundant
the work of centuries, the constitution sources of subsistence in their moun-
of a country bears upon it the character tains, woods, and lakes. The nature of
of every age that has rolled over it. We the country, therefore, and the habits of
recognise in its rough and clumsy base its people, so far from furnishing apy
the rock-like hardihood of a virtuous an- thing attractive or desirable, served only
cestry; but as the structure rises these to repel their more civilized peighbours
features of durability disappear, and one from their territories. They were shun-
story shades away into another, till we ned as a race with which no dealings
descry on the flimsy pinnacle, the fine- could be made, and on whose faith no
ries, and the gaudy stucco-work of a dependence could be placed; who had
degeverate and a decaying people. no law but the word of a proud chief,
The bearing of this simile may not ap- and no sense of moral obligation but
pear in the present case sufficiently ob- that capricious feeling of honour which
vious to many: but it must be observed frequently obtains even among a com,
by all those who acknowledge the opera. munity of robbers. The Highlanders,
tive and moral causes on the character on the other hand, proud of their inde,
of a nation, who allow that the nature pendence, and professing obedience to
of any government, and the change of no ruler but whom every individual
public affairs, can impair or improve the tribe selected from its own number, looks
happiness and the interests of any people. ed so late even as the last century with
A very limited knowledge of the his- contempt on the Lowlanders as a dege.
tory of our country will show that our nerate people, who preferred the ease
own importance and character, as a na. and effeminacies of a peaceful life to the
tion, is fast on the decline. In support fatigues of the chace and the hardships
of this assertion, it is needless to detail of a predatory warfare.
the late checks and overthrows, and in But with all that fierceness of charac-
sults received from a rival people, nor ter which unrestrained liberty, chieftain
the chain of causes by which these dis- rivalry, feudal wars, and mutual plunder
graceful humiliations were brought had disseminated from the earliest times
about. It is needless to compare the among the Highlanders, there were vir-
present with the illustrious past, when a tues which they possessed in a superior
Briton could walk respected and feared, degree to their neighbours. Fidelity to
firm and unembarrassed, through every their chieftains, for instance, and attach-
corner of the civilized world; suffice it ment to each and all of their quarrels,


506
Condition of the Highland Peasantry. [July 1,
thrown fairly open to the natives of Ca- try. But a few weeks' residence in the
ledonia. Comparatively cultivated they country does not remove impressions of
now certainly are, but that they are one long standing, nor the illusions with
degree happier than in their most bar- which the constantly surrounding gang
barous state, must be denied by all who of rent-gatherers and land-officers hide
know their past history and their pre- the niseries of the people. And hence,
sent condition,
if any individual urged by absolute want
· Habits, manners, and principles, ate musters courage to approach the princely
completely changed; but, excluding their edifice of his master, to prefer in person
propensity to feud and plunder, very far his complaints, he is invariably referred
from being improved. If civilization be to the factor, who seldom fails to send
said to bring blessings among a people, him back broken-hearted and hopeless
the case of the Highlanders furnishes a to his half famished family, to his pick-
melancholy exception. Connections and axe and his plough. .
dealings with the world have generated a These observations, however, are by
love for money, and this passion has in- no means intended to justify the beha-
troduced vices that were never heard of viour of the Highland proprietors. If
amongst them in their rudest state of they are not aware of the condition of
nature. The chief has lost his affection their peasantry, whose business is it to
for his clan; the proprietor for his pea- know it? No: extortion is a vice of too
sant. The poor wretch now regards black a colour, and of too baneful a con.
his lord as a stranger whom he is never sequence to be justificd on the grounds
permitted to see nor to address, who of either ignorance or credulity. At any
feels no interest in his concerns, and rate they cannot but know that residing
cares not for his fate; and his chief, as a on their estates two or three months out
person who, from being the protector of the twelve, cannot much, in the way
and the host, has become the oppressor of spreading money, avail a dispirited
and tyrant of his dependants.
and a starving population. The truth is,
It is candid, however, to state, that that in many places this short period is
the more opulent land-owners, moving entirely taken up in collecting rents, and
amid the gay licentious scenes of fashion- in prosecutions for the payment of ar-
able life, seldom have any tidings of their rears; and when all is amassed that law
people but through the medium of face and threats of displacement can procure,
tors and men of business, persons who, the parties enriched leave the parties im-
in those distant regions, are not unfre- poverished, to squander their earnings
quently devoid of every humane feeling, and to forget their woes amid the luxu.
and who find it their interest to conceal ries of the metropolis.
the real statement of cases and facts It is quite obvious that nothing but
from their employers. For this purpose poverty and hunger can prevail in a
they studiously over-rate the value and country where there is such an unceasing
virtues of the soil, and represent the and inerciless demand for money; and
toiling peasantry as an idle indolent that a people, who are thus left without
race, that would never without the spur help and without hope, must unavoidably
of necessity turn an inch of ground, but be driven to many schemes and strata-
what was barely sufficient to support gems to save themselves and their fami.
life. Proprietors, ever willing to listen lies from beggary and imprisonment.
to representations that favour their own Emigration will naturally occur to
interest, give ready credence to such ac- them as the likeliest method of relief.
counts, and regard the unprincipled tale- This, however, is always the last re-
bearers as men of sagacity and good source; for though to them their coun.
faith, as deserving and conscientious serº try be in every sense a land of bondage,
vants. Under these circumstances it is still they feel that it is the land of their
evident that the petitions and complaints birth and the country of their fathers.
of the poor people are seldom heard by Its streams, its rocks, its mountains, its
the landlord; or, if they be, they are al- lonely heaths, its green glens and its soli-
most, in all instances, attributed to a tary lakes, are dear to the bosom of every
wrong cause, and dismissed accordingly Highlander. It is the land for which
without redress and without enquiry. his fathers fought, and for which a bro-
It is true that during the short sum- ther or a son has fallen; and when he is
mer months the wealthy reside, for the compelled to leave it for a foreign coun-
most part, among their people, and have try, the agony of his heart is far more
an opportunity (had they the inclination) severe than if the thread were breaking
of examining the condition of their tenan- which binds him to the world.


1819.)
502
Condition of the Highland Peasantry.
The alternative, therefore, which is his principles relaxed or overturned, he
most generally embraced, is the distilling repairs to the nearest town; establishes
and smuggling of whisky. This liquor, a liquor-shop among the lowest orders;
when it is prepared in small stills, is in- imbibes in that capacity all the low cun-
variably of a better quality, and conse- ning and trickery of his calling, and dri-
quently is more highly valued than that vels away the remainder of his life in
which is made by the large licensed dis- vice, misery, and insignificance.
tilleries. And if the smuggler succeeds I t were an insult to the understand-
in conveying a quantity to the low lands, ings of the great Highland proprietors
or to any market, he never fails to dis- to suppose that they are ignorant of this
pose of it to great advantage. Here, sad falling off in the character of their
therefore, is an expeditious way of people, when every day affords additional
meeting the demands of the land-owner; and more aggravating proofs of it; and
that is, of mustering up the remainder it were equally affronting to think that
of the rent which his meagre farm, with they know not that such must be the
all his exertions, cannot yield. The case, wherever such evils are combined
temptation is powerful, and his wants as a stubborn unproductive soil, a rapa-
are urgent. He is certain that in a few cious landlord, and an impoverished
nights, supposing he escapes detection, people.
he can realize a sum of no contemptible To palliate all this tyranny, it is often
magnitude, when he considers his cir- given out that the country is overstock-
cumstances and necessities. The allure. ed, insinuating thereby that a riddance
* ment is obviously too strong for the of the superfluous number is at all events
chance of detection or the considera- and by all means desirable. It is for-
tion of fatigue to resist it. Now the gotten that the present population of the
whole process is attended with the highest Highlands is less numerous than it was
risk. Excisemen are stationed in every one hundred years ago, when provisions
village to prevent the operation of illicit were more scarce, and agriculture much
stills; and the more they inform upon less attended to. The expulsion of the
the greater is their emolument. While, natives, whatever nominal cause be as-
therefore, the excisemen is stimulated by signed, is attributable only to the avarice
the love of gain, the smuggler forgets of proprietors. These gentlemen have
his little chance of sliccess in the hope of conceived, or have been made to con-
being able to pay his arrears at next ceive, that, by throwing scveral small
rent day, and prevent the sale of his farms into one, by converting tracts of
scanty stock and furniture, and the dis arable ground into pasture, and by raz-
memberment of a helpless family. Here ing to the ground the dwellings of poor
then are opened scenes of animosity and cottagers to make room for « the rich
violence, which, originating in despair new tenant," their rents can be paid
on the one hand, and rapacity on the with more punctuality. The experi-
other, seldom fail to conclude in blood- ment has been tried in various places,
shed. The evils that must arise from sometimes with success, and sometimes
such proceedings, and from the practices with all the failure and disappointment it
that lead to them, are easily seen. Tip: deserved. Granting, however, that this
pling, drunkenness, swearing and irre- system succeeded even to the wishes of
ligion, are scarcely avoidable. That its supporters, shall it be maintained
craftiness and those systems of deceit that a paltry addition of income to the
which must be practised to elude search proprietor is a compensation for the mi-
and observation in the business of smug- series of thousands who are yearly dis-
gling grow into habits which cannot but inherited, robbed of their patrimuny,
accompany them into their transactions and then cast upon the world? Can the
with one another. Frequent seizures emolument of a few counterbalance a
too, and heavy penalties, bring on insol- loss to the interests and vitality of the
vency and ruin; but let it be kept in country so heavy as this perpetual drain-
mind, that all this unhingement of morals ing of the most virtuous of its inhabit-
is not owing to any original want of ants ? At first sight the depopulation in
principle in the people, far from it, but the north may appear of little or no im-
to a practice which never could have port to the kingdom, as the aggregate
found its way amongst them, but for the number of its people continues appa-
exactions of land-owners. Thus the rently unabated. But, situated as Bri-
once industrious farmer, whom necessity tain is at present, looked on with no re-
had driven to smuggle, is hurried on the spectful eye by the continental nations,
road to ruin. With his credit gone, and and regarded with a look of defiance by


800
1819.) ” Bishop of Norwich and the Moravian Episcopacy... 509
preservation of the dress and language of The inconsistency is so barefaced and
the Gael, and Aaming reports of pro- void of principle, that it merits publicity
ceedings are published to the world; and reprobation.
but little mention is made of the ways in If the welfare of a state rests in any
which their spirit is broken and impaired. degree on the happiness and character of
its people, surely the condition of the
tered them disappeared; but I could per- Highlanders calls loudly for the interfer-
ceive at intervals, amid the smoke, the end ence and consideration of government:
of a long pole, with which he aided the de for it is to decide whether the advantage
vouring element, and plied it so effectually of a few is preferable to the comfort of
against the walls, that in a few minutes the the many ; and whether the pliysical
habitation was a formless ruin.
strength of the land is to be sacrificed to :
« Now,' said he, as he reappeared and wide-wasting greediness, which, open.
strode over a heap of demolished curf, look-
mouthed as the grave, is erér receiving
ing grimly through the dust that lay black
and ever devouring, but never says it is
and thick on his face now where's your
house, an' where's your hame, M‘Ruarie.
enough. Government may delay, and add.
Three times have I gien you warpin', and
another proof of baneful apathy and im-
three times have ye refused. Now ye may
potence : rapacity may go on in those
gang hither, an' ye may gang yout, but remote quarters with impunity; a hardy
never mair shall ye byke or build in Glen- race of men may suffer, and complain,
choineachau. On this, the fiend moved and emigrate, without notice : but let it
hastily away, without waiting for remon- never be forgotten how much the safety
strance or complaint. The aged M.Raurie of any country depends on the force and
bore his hard fate with the most serene and bravery of its inhabitants; and that
philosophic submission. Not a muscle of
his face was altered. On requesting him to
thougli a few years of peace may pass
explain the meaning of the unparalleled
over us, we know not how soon the pe-
scene, he, looking intently on the flakering
riod may come, when we shall vainly re-
ruins of his dwelling replied as well as broken gret the absence of the banished thou- ***
English and a broken heart would permit, sands, who are now the inhabitants of an-" 5,2
• One-and-sixty years did I dwell under the other nation.
B. G.
roof of that fallen cot, low and lowin* as it
now lies. Never again shall it cover the BISHOP OF NORWICH AND THE MORA- **
grey head of M Ruarie. Hard were my
VIAN EPISCOPACY.
times, and hard was my labour; but harder
MR. EDITOR,
were they who drove me and mine out of its
doors. I gave them all they wanted, and
THE good and venerable Bishop of
Norwich, in his zeal for unqualified con,
double what my bit land was worth: and
though I saw my poor neighbours hunted cessions to the Roman Catholics, most
out like foxes from their holes, I never be unfortunately stumbles upon illustrations
lieved that this fate would have been mine. in the way of argument, to support them
But now it is all over. Come death, or come cause which he has at heart, that directly
banishment, it is all one to M‘Raurie.' militate against it. Thus, on a former
• The poor old man then turning to me, occasion, the learned prelate "quoted is
mentioned that he had been several times Locke as an advocate of unlimited tole- ni.
warned to quit the estate of ---, but, from ration, when, on tlie contrary, that great
a natural fondness for his country, had
writer most unaccountably excludes Ros".
bitherto refused to comply; and on the
man Catholics from the privilege of tole-
morning of that day he had been preparing
to remove, but owing to his wife's infirmity,
ration in Protestant communities, merely in
his movements were not performed so expe-
on account of their submission to a for
ditiously as was demanded by the merciless reign jurisdiction. In Locke's judg-widt
delegate who had just departed, and his cot- ment, no religious body is entitled to the
tage was set on tire, the more speedily to un protection of government, if the allegen
house him. His wife, owing to the fright, giance of its members is divided, which :9
and the hurry of removal from the flames, he contends is the case in regard to those 19.
was seriou. Jy hurt, and conveyed to a house who acknowledge the papal supremacy i
in the vicinity by her son and daughter; in matters of conscience.* .
and the party waited her recovery to set out in the late discussion of the Catholic
for America."
This woman died a short time after, in
in claims, the bishop, with the same precipi.
consequence of the violence and brutality of
tancy, endeavoured to bolster up the
all
her dislodgement. The case had almost be cause, of which he is the strenuous de- *
come the subject of serious investigation, fender, by allcging the parliamentary in-, .
but the affair was hushed up.
“? dulgence granted to the Moravians, not- .'
Flaming.
* Letter I. page 46. Edit. 1812, London.


1810.)
Who was Junius?-No. II.
511
I
t
li
i
it
tion without argument, and violent cen- having gone so far, by his haughtiness
sures without dignity or moderation; but and presumption, as to have rendered
neither correctness in the composition, the breach irreparable. Whoever Jus
nor judgment in the design. As for his nius was, he certainly had a thorough in-
ineasures, let it be remembered, that he sight into his lordship's character; and it
was called upon to conciliate and unite; is obvious, that he had not contemplated
and that, when he entered into office, the it at a distance, or through the medium
most refractory of the colonies were still of public reports. While he inveighs, in
disposed to proceed by the constitutional general terms of reproach, against the
methods of petition and remonstrance. other ministers, he comes to specific, and
Since that period, they have been driven even minute points of accusation in de-
into excesses little short of rebellion. nouncing the secretary for the planta-
Petitions have been hindered from reach- tions.
ing the throne; and the continuance of But what is to be said of the writer's
one of the principal assemblies rested enmity to the Marquis of Granby, upon
* upon an arbitrary condition, (that they whom scurrility is poured out without the
should retract one of their resolutions, least regard to common decorum? This
and erase the entry of it,) which, con- hasinduced some to conclude, that Junius
sidering the temper they were in, it was must have been, if not a military man,
impossible they should comply with; yet one intimately acquainted with the
and which would have availed nothing department of the army, and the system
as to the general question, if it had been on which it was then conducted by the
complied with. So violent, and I believe commander-in-chief. That idea, how-
I may call it, so unconstitutional an ex- ever, vanishes, when the correspondence
ertion of the prerogative, to say nothing with Sir William Draper is read, in
of the weak, injudicious terms in which which Junius confesses his ignorance on
it was conveyed, gives us as humble an what he had before alleged, by avoiding
opinion of his lordship's capacity, as it farther discussion of the charges against
does of his temper and moderation. the marquis, and diverging to other mat-
While we are at peace with other na ters, particularly the Manilla ransom,
tions, our military force may, perhaps, which affords him a fine scope for shift-
be spared to support the Earl of Hills- ing from the defensive position, and be-
borough's measures in America. When- coming an assailant; in which capacity
ever that force shall be necessarily with- he has always the advantage.
drawn or diminished, the dismission of But the imprudence of Sir William
such a minister will neither console us Draper, in coming forward with his
for his imprudence, nor remove the set- name as the champion of his friend and
tled resentment of a people, who, com- patron, enables us to examine more ac-
plaining of an act of the legislature, are curately the character of his masked an.
outraged by an unwarrantable stretch of tagonist. Junius, undoubtedly was not
prerogative, and supporting their claims prepared for such an opponent; but hav-
by argument, are insulted with declama- ing the advantage of his coat of darkness,
tion,"
he contrived, with the dexterity of an
T'he length of this quotation must be old stager, to shame the knight, though
excused, on account of its immediate he could neither foil his arguments, nor
bearing upon the question--"Who was rebut his facts. One thing observable, ia
Junius ?" There is, in this passage, not the attempt of Junius to justify his abuse
only a remarkable feeling for the Ame- of Lord Granby, is the indirect, but se- .
rican interests, but a minute acquaint- vere condemnation passed on the Ger-
ance with the colonial assemblies, and man war, and our interference in it. The
the spirit of the people in general. This reason of this, when coupled with the
is, therefore, evidently the language of reflection upon the commander-in-chief
an experienced man-one conversant in for “ suffering Sir Jeffery Amherst to
practical politics, and possessing much be sacrificed," will have its due weight
local knowledge of the concerns of the in ascertaining “who was Junius ?"*
plantations. He speaks of Lord Hills. There is yet another incidental pas.
borough in terms of disappointment, as sage in this controversy, which serves to
of one who had defeated the hopes of let in a portion of light upon the ques-
the colonists, when it was expected that tion, and that is the sneer upon the clas-
he would have conciliated and united the sical attainments of Sir William Draper,
most refractory of them. Lord Hills- and the confession of his antagonist, that
borough is accused of interposing be- he was himself “ a plain, unlettered man."
tween them and the throne, and with This last acknowledgement, parentheti-


512
(July 1,
Anecdotes of John Cleland.
cally introduced, may be considered by in 1748, and about the rery time when
some as a sportive play upon the knight's the Month'y Review was on the stocks,
pedantry; but there is more reason to take in an early number of which journal ap-
it as a blunt, honest statement of the peared a pompous eulogium upon the
truth, in which the writer made it his novel, as a moral tale, adinirably calcu-
boast, that the learning he possessed lated to give young persons a knowledge
was of his own acquisition. All the let. of the world, and comparing it, at the
ters of Junius display a mind naturally same time, to Fielding's excellent story
strong, fertile, and enriched by labo- of Tom Jones, then in the fower of its
rious application, evincing, in short, many popularity. The impudence of this puff
years spent in active life and observation exceeded every thing recorded of the arts
of the world: but there are no traces of of Edmund Curll; but it could not se-
classical culture throughout those elabo- cure the book from proscription, Com.
rate compositions. Junius was evidently plaint was made of the nuisance to Dr.
more conversant in English than Roman Sherlock, Bishop of London, who laid
writers, and his style is consequently the information before the privy council,
more flowing, easy, and expressive. He and as special warrants were then of au-
now and then, indeed, throws out a thority, one was issued to seize all the
Latin and French phrase, but they are copies in the bookseller's warehouse, and
such only as a long course of extensive another to call the author before the
reading might have rendered familiar to board. When the messenger came to
any man of quick parts and retentive me- the shop, Griffiths took an objection to
mory. But after all the meaning of Ju- the warrant because it was not backed
nius, in calling himself “ plain and up- by the signature of the Lord Mayor, to
learned," was obviously no more than procure which, the messenger instantly
this,--that he had never been favoured proceeded to the Mansion-House, leaving
with the advantages of an academic edu- his deputy behind. But as soon as the
cation. He takes a pride in his natural messenger was gone on this errand, Grif.
simplicity, and the knowledge to which fiths turned the man out of his shop,
he had attained by the strength of ge. which he had an undoubted right to do,
nius and the force of industry. This, then elosed the doors, and before the
then, is a confession of great importance principal returned with the warrant,
in removing the swarm of pretended every copy of the book was conveyed out
claims to these letters, and in coming to through the back way into the houses of
a direct solution of the question
some neighbours, in Paternoster-row, by
WHO WAS JUNIUS? which means the publisher escaped pu-
nishment. Cleland, on his appearance
ANECDOTES OP JOHN CLELAND. before the privy council, was questioned
MR. EDITOR,
how he came to write so infamous a
THE article of John CLBLAND, in book, when, instead of denying it, he
the last edition of the General Biogra- confessed the truth at once, alleging po-
phical Dictionary, being very imperfect, verty as his excuse. On this, Lord Gran-
I am induced to request a corner of your ville, the president, asked him whether,
Magazine for one or two particulars of if this necessity was removed, he would
that licentious writer.
cease to prostitute his talents in so scan-
It is not true that he was applied to by dalous a manner for the future? Cle-
some bookseller for the scandalous work land readily aud gratefully expressed his
which has conferred perpetuity on his willingness to comply with the condition,
name; since if that bad been the case, and accordingly, instead of ordering the
no doubt he would have made a better Attorney-General to prosecute him, the
bargain with them for the copyright. minister settled upon him a pension of
The fact is, that Cleland, being in great one hundred pounds a year, which he
distress, offered the work, as far as it enjoyed till his death, at the beginning
was then written, to Mr. afterwards Dr. of 1789, when he was full four score
Griffiths, then an enterprising publisher, yenrs old.
on the north side of St. Paul's Cburch- The biographer, however, is rather in-
yard, near the corner leading to Cheap- correct in saring that he dedicated the
side. Though Griffiths was a dissenter, rest of his life to political, dramatic, and
he made no scruple about purchasing the philosophical studies, thereby insinuating
manuscript, for which he gave the author that he in some measure atoned for the
twenty pounds, but conditionally, that he crime which he had committed. I have
was to add another volume, if the conti- reason to know, that though Cleland
nuation should be called for. This was took care to avoid detection, he exer


1819.) Remarkuble Events in English History.
51:3
cised bis pen oftener than once upon me- of incidents, the effeets of which have
Tetricious works; and it is a fact, that extended to distant generations.
the noted “ Essay on Woman," fathered Thus, to name a few only, the death
by John Wilkes, was the entire produc- of Prince Arthur, the eldest son of
tion of this writer. The original manu- Henry the Seventh, Occasioned the abo-
script in Cleland's hand-writing, and il- lition of the papal authority in these
lustrated, to make use of a common realms ;- that of Edward the Sixth, by
phrase, with appropriate drawings, wor- giving the same power a temporary re-
thy of ornamenting Mr. Knight's erudite vival, rendered it so odious, that Eliza-
dissertation on the Phallic worship, is beth was enabled, through a long life,
now in the possession of a well-known and a vigorous administration, to esta-
publisher, whu obtained the same with blish the reformed church of England on
the manuscripts of Wilkes, from the late a steady basis :-in the succeeding reign,
John Almon.
the demise of Henry, Prince of Wales,
The anonymous author of his life in gave the crown to his brother, the unfor-
the Dictionary, says, that." Cleland lived tunate Charles, and thus prepared the
within the income of his pension, with way for two revolutions :--and last of
some addition from his newspaper la all, when the hopes of the nation rested
bours, in a retired situation in Petty upon the young Duke of Gloucester, the
France." The latter part of this para last child of Princess Anne of Den-
graph is accurate, but the former is not mark, his premature removal left the
so; for, such is the retribution of Provi. succession open to the house of Bruns-
dence, this man a few years before his wick ;-in wbich line of hereditary right,
death, being deserted by every acquaint- may the throne continue to flourish,
ance upon earth, actually spent some under the Divine protection, till all earth-
hours every day sitting on a bench in the ly dominion shall attain its consumma-
Bird-cage walk, with his hat before him, tion!"
to receire the charitable contributions of This method of considering historical
passengers, some of whom had been his events is so very instructive, that it were to
contemporaries at Westminster school. be wished some one would pursue it far-
Such is the reward of vice, and the sta- ther, throughout the whole of our an.
bility of that friendship which vice pro nals, from whence much more might be
cures. But though Griffiths, the pub- learnt than can now be gathered in read-
lisber, is supposed to have realized some ing those writers who have contented.
thousands by the book which Cleland themselves with narrating facts chrono-
wrote, it does not appear that he took logically, and applying their own reason-
any notice of the author in his distress; ing to them. A history of England com-
nor did Wilkes, who certainly made con- piled in this manner would tend to mo-
siderable use of his pen, relieve him in his ral improvement, and produce, even in
necessities. Cleland might truly have the minds of persons little disposed to se-
been called the English Petronius, for rious reflection, the profoundest admira-
his manner indicated the gentleman: and tion of the ways of Providence.
when reduced to mendicity, there was To the instances adduced in the above
something in his language and figure quotation, might have been added, the no
which commanded respect while it ex- less remarkable one of the death of Ar-
cited coinmiseration.
thor of Bretagne, nephew of King John,
June, 3, 1819.
X. Y. 2. and the rightful heir to the throne of
England. The murder of that young
REMARKABLE EVENTS IN ENGLISH Prince embroiled his unnatural uncle,
.
HISTORY.
first, in a war with the King of France,
MR. EDITOR,
then in a dispute with the Pope, and
IN reading the very interesting and lastly, in a contest with the English
copious Memoir of her late Majesty, just barons.
published, by Dr. Watkins, I was much The surrender of the crown to his
struck with the following observation on holiness, and the usurpation of the latter
the death of the lamented Princess Char- over the church of England, in the ap-
lotte of Wales:-
pointment of Langton to the Archbishop-
“The reader of history who traces ric of Canterbury, contributed to increase
the causes and consequences of great those troubles; and as the conflicting
events, will find, in perusing the annals parties alternately fell out with each
of this country, that there never yet oc- Other, like hungry wolves over their com.
curred an instance bearing a resemblance mon prey, the miserable monarch, sorely :
to the present, but what was productive against his will, ratified Magna Charta,
NEW MONTHLY MAG.-No.66. VOL. XI. 3U


516
Sabina.
(July 1,
cular favour by undertaking this commis- above delicacies with the lap-dog. Nor
sion. I should be inconsolable were was she deceived. Zenothemis shared
any accident to befal Myrrhina. Yes, the inconveniencies of bis charge, and
dear Zenothemis, I read compliance in the pleasure of the messes prepared for
your eyes, and, in fact the animal de- her, and now came to give an account of
serves as much for her attention to you. the rich produce of the preceding night.
You know she made not the least noise The muscles of the sternest Medusa-
the day before yesterday, when I was at head must have relaxed at this spectacle,
the bath, and you read me the affecting and have commanded silence to its hun-
essay on the perishable nature of our dred hissing snakes. Sabina herself, was
earthly bodies, and proved, with such obliged, against her will, to assume a
eloquence, that this body is only animated gentler air, and to suffer her female at.
clay, and no better than a leathern case."* tendants to indulge their risibility un-
How could Zenothemis, when intreat- punished. “ The finest of these figs,
ed by such a lady, in so moving a manner, dear Zenothemis, shall be yours, if you,
with all but tears, and at the same time whose poetic talents are so well known to
reminded of one of the most interesting us, can recite a pretty little Greck poem
situations of his Villegiatura, do other on this most happy occurrence." Thus
wise than promise every thing she want- exclaimed Sabina to the philosopher,
ed. Myrrhina, carefully wrapped up, whilst slie took the largest fig from the
was placed in the old gentleman's lap, basket. Zenothemis, who, like almost
and the group of the philosopher with all his industrious countrymen, could ex-
the prodigious beard, the little Maltese ercise a dozen other arts and sciences be.
dog on his lap, and the big-headed dwarf sides his proper profession, the Stoic phi-
by his side, was so unique in its kind, losophy, immediately produced the fol-
that as the carriage proceeded along the lowing epigram, which has been intro-
Via Appia towards Rome, there was no duced, by what accident we know not,
vetturino, no passenger, either on horse. into the Grecian garland, anong the epi-
back or on foot, but stopped and burst grams of a certain Addæus:-
into a loud fit of laughter. On their ar- “When the little Myrrhina was ready
rival in Rome, the lady sent her trusty to drop with her heavy burden, Diana
Clio to Zenothemis, urgently requesting immediately sent her relief. The god-
him to keep the poor animal, which had dess does not merely appear to thriving
now grown acquainted with him, under women: she likewise assists mothers of
his care; adding, that the favourite must the canine race, which is under her espe.
neither want for well-fed goose's livers, cial protection as the goddess of the
nor for sesamus cakes. Sabina knew, that chase."
though he talked so loudly in praise of “What did Carmion whisper to you,
virtue, yet, notwithstanding all his ani. Clio, at which you laugh so immoderate-
inadversions on epicurism, and the plea- ly?" said Sabina. Clio, who was heartily
sures of the palate, he was by no means vexed at the bearded pbilosopher, be-
an obstinate contemner of good living cause he had, with his awkwardness, a
She had observed how much he had pri- few days before, broken a beautiful rase
vately given in a napkin to the servant, which Sabina had received as a present
at the last great entertainment,t and from one of her admirers at the bath of
was aware that he would not be able to Baiæ, and had directed it to be preserred
resist the temptation of dividing the with all the care requisite for so brittle a
memento of love. Clio replied aloud,
* A favourite expression of the Stoics, as
and without rescrve--" Carmion was
may be seen from the works of Marcus Au- only asking me, how long our Stoie
relius, (iv, 41; viii. 37, with Gatacker's an- preacher of virtue had belonged to the ca-
potations).
nine sect, and had become a cynic (a dog.
+ In Lucian's Feast, (one of the most bit- philosopher)?".
ter satires against the philosophers of that The oflicious Cypassis being directed
age,) a character is introduced of the same by a sign of her mistress to relieve the
name and belonging to the same sect as Ze-
nothemis, and one of the guests snatches from * Figs formed a constant article of food
Thim a napkin, which he had filled with all among the ancients; and the Athenians eat
the most dainty pieces he could collect from them in the streets. Hence arose the cus.
the table. It was customary for every guest tom among the philosophers of promising a
to take with him to the house where he was fig when they proposed questions to each
invited, a napkin anda slave: to the latter he other. Thus the cynic Crates offered a fig
gave the fragments which he wished to carry to Stilpo. The fig was the pledge of the
away with him.
question.


1819.)
Sabina.
517
philosopher from the barden of his charge cia talked a great deal at Baiæ, about a
and her litter, the saucy girl took this op- new production of one Xenophon, of
portunity, under the pretext that poor Ephesus. If I recollect right, the title
Myrrhina had entangled herself in the was, “Amours of Anthias and Habro-
old gentleman's bushy beard, to pull it kom.' You would exceedingly oblige
handsomely, and at the same time to give me, if you could bring it with you."
the philosopher repeated slaps in the Thus spoke Sabina. But it did not escape
face, first with one hand and then with her penetrating eye that Zenothemis was
the other, and to play a hundred tricks filled with indignation against the look-
under the appearance of shewing respect. ing-glass of the licentious Aristippus, and
The most singular circumstance was, had muttered to himself something about
that a parrot, which had been perclied “puppy" and good for nothing fellow."
the whole time in profound silence in his For this disobedience, it was necessary
cage, adorned with gold, ivory, and silm that the much mortified Stoic should re-
ver, just at this moment, as though it had ceive iminediate punishment. He was
been preconcerted, exclaimed, “ Bravo, therefore charged with the commision to
bravo!" screaming and making a most enquire for Milesian tales, and to pander
hideous noise.
for the vitiated palate of his mistress, in-
This scene, not a little mortifying to stead of Clio, who else was accustomed to
our domestic philosopher, Sabina sudden- select the most licentious works for the
ly terminated by a single thunder threat perusal of the Donna, and who had only
ening contraction of her well-blacked the day before brought her a new edition,
eye-brows. The litile Myrrhina was with curious figures, of the noted Ma-
placed in a small basket, where she was täotechnia of Elephantis. Poor Zeno-
wont to repose on pillows filled with soft themis, what would the glorious ances-
feathers : and as she shewed signs of tors, Zeno and Cleanthes, have said to
thirst, a cup of the asses milk was given their degenerate descendant, who, spite
her, which remained after supplving the of his philosopher's beard, was obliged to
purposes of the Domina's toilette, and humble himself to the offices of a cham-
stood in a silver ewer on a small side- ber-maid, or rather, of a lady's gallant!
tabie.
How low would thy skin have sold at the
“ Has Tryphon, the bookseller,* pubauction of philosophers.*
lished the poem of Aristippus, addressed SUPPLEMENT TO THE FIFTH SCENE.
to. Lais on her looking glass?" As
her Stoic friend was unable to give
Allegorical Declarations of Lore.
a satisfactory answer to this question, Love reigns in every climate ;--- he is
because he had not stirred a step the always the same: but the manner in
preceding day, that Myrrhina might not which the lover declares his sentiments,
be left unaitended, Sabina requested and does homage to the charms of his mis-
him now to make the necessary inquic tress, differ in every nation, and in every
ries concerning the new publication, age, according to the received ideas of
which she expected with the utmost ime delicacy and refinement. The daino of
patience.
a Lithuanian- the song which a Spa-
“ And inquire, also," said she, as he niard accoinpanies on his guitar - the
was just going to draw the curtain of serenade which a Sicilian shepherd sings
the doorf behind him, “ whether any from the third Idyl of Theocritus, be-
new Ailesian tale has appeared ? I Tuc-
Asia what Georgia and Circassia are to the
A celebrated bookseller during the Turks of the present day. These Aspasias
reign of Domitian, of whom Martial makes related stories to the soltans; and there were
frequent mention.
Scheherazades even in the ages of anti-
of Door-curtains. The interior apart. quity. From these stories were derived the
ments of the Romans were not provided Milesian tales, the oldest romances known
with doors; but were usually separated from among the Grecks.
each other by curtains formed of coloured A witty satire of Lucian, in which he
tapestry, as may be seen in Pollux. Thus supposes that Jupiter, through the medium
Seneca, when observing tha: all is tranquil of Mercury, announced an auction of the dif-
in his house, and that nobody disturbs him, ferent sects of philosophers. Wieland, in
says-Non crepuit subinde ostium, (the his translation of it, observes, that this rail-
house-door, non allerabatur velum.
lery against the heads of the various sects
I Milesian tales. Miletus, the seat of could not be pleasing, because it was unjuste
riches and luxury, supplied the harems of But it was against butfoons, such as Zeno-
the Persian Satraps with the most beautiful themis, that Lucian directed the shafts of
Odalisk women. The city was to ancient his ridicule.


518
Sabina.
(July 1,
fore the grotto of his Amaryllis, breathe Passeri has given a design, represents a
the same sentiment, though the words lover attired as a slave, presenting three
and the melody be different. The pro- apples to a young female at a window,
gress of a young peasant of Appenzell whilst a third figure holds a torch. On
over precipices- the nocturnal visits of the other side of the same vase, the
the Sclavonian of Upper Lusatia, who the young woman is standing opposite to
with difficulty reaches the uppermost her lover; the hand in which he holds
step of the ladder which he has placed be- the three apples is stretched forth to-
fore his mistress's window, that he may wards her, in the attitude of a suppli-
enjoy the happiness of declaring his sen- cant, and with a flower in his bosom, he
timents-the hieroglyphic language of appears to be relating his sufferings. It
flowers, employed in the Levant, where is easy to guess that a declaration of lore
the hyacinth or the narcissus is a declara- forms the subject of these two designs.
tion of love to the imprisoned fair one, Apples, but particularly quinces and po-
where an orange-flower signifies hope, megranates, were sacred to Venus, and
and a marigold despair- that language were frequently employed as messengers
by which a Moorish gardener writes a of the Paphian goddess. Sometimes
love-letter to the mistress of his heart these vases bore inscriptions explanatory
while he arranges the flower-pots of his of the motive of the present. The Abbé
parterre ;-all these are merely modifica- Mozochi has given a design of one on
tions in the expression of the same sen- which are inscribed the words-Colli-
timent. Such scenes would be well wor- cles is handsome. A winged genius, wear-
thy the pencil of some skilful painter, ing a long robe embroidered with flowers,
and might form a little gallery of pictures pours a libation over a flame burning on
which would not, certainly, be destitute a sinall altar, and the words are inscribed
of interest.
in the ancient Greek character below the
In the hope of contributing to such a design. The object of this present is
collection, we here present to the reader precisely marked by the libation, which
a custom of the Greeks, which seems to indicates a birth-day. The Abbé Vi-
have escaped the notice of our most studi- venzio di Nola has in his collection a
ous antiquaries; a custom which bears the beautiful vase with this inscription-To
impression of the character of that peo- the fair Clymena; and after a lapse of
ple, who were endowed with the most de- many centuries, the lovers of art, by ad-
licate organization and sensibility, and miring this vase, still do homage to the
who so well understood how to repre- beauty of Clymena. A modern lore-
sent every sensation under some fascinat- letter, even though written with sympa-
ing form. Their earthen vases were thetic ink on paper perfumed with roses,
adorned with designs and paintings, and and moistened with the tears of joy, will
were placed in the apartinents most fre. scarcely outlive a month, far less a cen-
quented by strangers. At Samos, Co- tury. To these painted declarations we
rinth, and Scio-and particularly in the may, howerer, compare the gallantry of
rich and flourishing cities of lower Italy, one of the pupils of Raphael, whose
called Græcia Magna- there were pro. work is preserved in the curious collec-
bably manufactories which rivaled each tion of the Brunswick Museum, and
other in giving to these vases the most who, as the story goes, received the ten-
light and elegant forms, and adorning derest reward from the potter's daugh-
them with the richest paintings. If a ter, whom he had immortalized by paint-
lover wished to make a declaration to his ing her portrait. Our porcelain manu-
mistress, he procured a vase, adorned factories are filled with cups and basins,
with some emblem or allegory, which the ornamented with cyphers surrounded by
Greeks, accustomed to enigmas of this wreaths. The progress from thence to a
kind, could readily divine, and availed love-letter, in the antique taste, is not
himself of the first favourable opportu- ---
nity of presenting it to the object of his Passeri, Picture Etruscorum in ras-
passion. This custom explains the de- culis.
signs on many vases, which have been In Sicily, the pomegranate is still
buried in the bosom of the earth, and ca
called, îl pomo di zitto (the bridegroom's
after sharing, during a long series of
apple). Many fragments of antiquity are
totally inexplicable, if we do not take the
ages, the tranquil abodes of the dead,
apple as the emblem of love. In the bas-
now constitute the chief ornaments
reliefs which represent the nuptials of Jason
of those collections formed at nor- and the vengeance of Medea, Creusa holds
mous expense in France, Italy, Eng- an apple in her hand, to shew that she is a
land, and Germany. A vase of which bride.


520 Tour of the Archdukes John and Lewis, in the Years 1815-16. (July 1,
Years.
Kingdom.
of the
Interior
Countries.
Foreign
Colonies.
The
Chaldrons.
consumption
Total
1804
phorical acceptation, as one might say Pope Pius II. relates in his Commen-
to share a person, meaning, to deceive taries, that in his visit to Scotland, he
him. The little knives used for cutting bad observed stones distributed at the
the nails were called osvxısauca maxaipia. church doors, by way of alms to the
We may be allowed to quote here the poor; that these stones were impreg-
following lines of Plautus in his portrait nated with combustible matter, and that
of the Miser Euclio:-
they were burnt instead of wood, which
Quin ipsi pridem tonsor unrues demeserat. was very rare in that country.
Collegit, omnia abstulit præsegmina.
We subjoin a table of the coal trade
of Newcastle, during a period of ten
Gruter seems to have forgotten that
years. This document, which comes
persons even of the lowest class had
from an authentic source, may give some
their nails cut by a barber. Víartial,
idea of the extent of the mines of this
addressing an effeminate man who ap-
country :-
plied pitch-plasters to his face, and con-
sequently was not under the necessity
of shaviny, asks :-“ But who cuts your
nails ?" (Quid fucient ungues). Tibul-
lus, in his portrait of Marathus, savs,
ungues artifices docta munu sectos. All
these considerations are necessary in 1802 491,498 41,151 9.8++ 548,459
order to understand Martial's epigram 1803 505,137 42,808 1,510 519.461
on a barber's instruments (ferumenta
579.02948737 3 859 630,518
1805 559,82747,213 2,300
tonsoria.) There is likewise a very hu-
602,100
1807
587.719 44.853 1,249 633,826
mourous little poem by Phanias, on the
1807 | 534 371 | 25.491 1,818 301,713
barber Eugathes, which contains a comic 1808 613766 14.635 1.000 6.9.447
enumeration of all the apparatus neces 1809 550,001 12.610 1,992
sary for the toilette. He mentions a
1810 622,573 | 16,951 2,310 641834
piece of felt, the remnant of an old hat,
1811 031,371 | 15.818 2.130 059 325
which served for a razor-strap. Toup The question, whether the various
seems to have misunderstood this ex- strata of coal, and their envelopes (cover-
pression for a barber's cap, shaving car, ingy) of clay or chalk. are to be reckoned
and it would appear that eren Jacobs, among the primitive substances created
in his excellent commentary, has not at the same time with the earth, or
perfectly understood this passage.
among secondary productions, produced
either by inundations and alluvion, or by
JOURNAL OP A TOUR IN ENGLAND, IN
volcanic convulsions, is still a subject of
1815-16, PROM MS. NOTES OF THE
doubt and inquiry among naturalists.
ARCHDUKES JOHN AND LEITIS OP
It is, however, certain that the remains
AUSTRIA,
of animals and vegetables are often
( Continued from p. 402, Vol. XI.)
found in the envelopes of the coal, and
SOME details respecting the coals which that the coal itself sometimes retains the
are of such vast importance to England form of the organic bodies from which
for fuel, may not be misplaced here. In it is derived. The coal in the parish of
the vear 1239, King Henry III. granted Borey, near Exeter, is found in large
to the inhabitants of Newcastle the li- masses, representing the trunks and
berty to dig for coals in their territory. branches of trees heaped together. Si-
A document, bearing date in 1280, says, milar phenomena have been remarked
that the trade in coals had so increased in Iceland, at Brull, pear Luxemburg, at
the revenues of the town, that they Cologne, at Bonn, and at the foot of the
amounted at that time to above 200 mountains which are on the road from
pounds sterling.
Lyons to Strasburg.
The use of coals had become so com. All the strata which cover the chal,
mon in London, so early as the year contain a great diversity of vegetable
1:305, that the Parliament made a com- substances, or at least bear the impres-
plaint to the King, stating that the air sion of thern, particularly of the Bamboo
was infected by the exhalations produced of the Indies, of the Euphorbia of the
by them : in consequence of these com- Iudies, of ferns, retches, &c.
plaints, two proclamations were issued. The strata of slate in the mine of Hol-
prohibiting the use of coals. But neces. ling Hill, near Felling, furnishes fine
sity and experience soon triumphed over specimens of pine cones, ears of barley,
ignorance and prejudice, and the use of and turnip roots; the latter are changed
this valuable combustible was resumed into ferruginous stunes: in the strata of


的
​量​,


1819.]
( 523 )
MEMOIR OF MADAME DE GENLIS.
(WITH A PORTRAIT.)
STEPHANIE FELICITE DUIREST DB nary affection, her physicians prescribed
SAINT AUBIN was born in the year 17446, the use of the Bristol waters, and having
near Autun, in the department of Saone consigned her eldest daughter to the care
et Loire, Though without fortune, she of her mother-in-law, she departed for
was distinguished on her entrance into England accompanied by her second
life, for her personal attractions joined to daughter, Natalie, who was then in her
a singular talent for music, and she soon thirteenth year. During her residence
gained introductions to several families of at Bristol, Madame de Genlis adopted
rank, though rather in quality of an ar- her interesting protegée Pamela, of
tist than as a young lady of condition. Her whom frequent mention is made in her
situation afforded her the means of ob- writings, and who was afterwards mar-
serving society, before fortune enabled ried to Lord Edward Fitzgerald.
her to fill that rank in fashionable life to On her return from her first visit to
which her acquirements so justly entitled England, the Duke d'Orleans, then Duke
her; thus, a perfect knowledge of the de Chartres, eagerly einbraced the op-
forms and etiquettes of the upper classes portunity of placing his children under
is discernible even in her earliest pro. the superintendance of the accomplished
ductions. Her accomplishments and per- and beautiful Countess de Genlis. Dur-
sonal graces soon attracted the notice of ing her retirement in the convent of
several exalted individuals; but, as it Bellechasse, she had written several
frequently happens, chance was the dis- nioral and entertaining dramatic pieces,
poser of her hand. The Count de Gen- which her children performed success-
lis, afterwards Marquess de Sillery, fully in the presence of the Duchess de
though he had never seen her, being Chartres. She published the three first
struck with the style of a letter which volumes of her plays in 1779, under the
accidently fell in his way, conceived so title of Theatre for the use of young per-
high a sentiment of admiration for the sons, or Theatre of Education, and the
writer, that he immediately made her an three last volumes appeared in January
offer of marriage, and Mademoiselle de 1780. Among the most esteemed of
Saint Aubin became the Countess de these little dramas we may mention, La
Genlis before she had completed her fif- bonne Mere, la Ro ière de Salency, le
teenth year.
Magistrat, la Murchande de Modes, and
Whilst her superior talent commanded in Colombe. The latter contains images
the admiration of the distinguished cir- worthy the graceful touch of a Guido,
cles in which she moved, her ardent love or an Albano: the celebrated Buffon,
of study induced her to shun the court after having perused it, addressed the
and the frivolous society connectedwith it, following letter to the authoress, which
and to devote herself wholly to the cul- has been quoted as highly complimentary,
tivation of science and the arts. She but which is, nerertheless, somewhat hy-
was too well aware of the advantages perbolical:-
of a cultivated understanding, to neglect. “I am no longer a lover of nature, I
the education of her children. At an leave her for you, Madam, who have done
age when most young women of fashion more, and are worthy of higher admiration.
think only of shining in the world, Ma- Nature only forms bodies, but you create
dame de Genlis retired to the convent of
tof souls. Were mine of your hap y creation,
Bellechasse, and devoted herself entirely
I should possess the powers of pleasing,
which I now want, and you would be pleased
to the education of her two daughters. With
with my infidelity. Pardon, Madam, this
In the year 1775, the eldest, who was moment of transport and love. I will now
then scarcely fourteen years of age, wils speak reasonably.
united to the Count de Valence, but Your charming Theatre has afforded
shortly after her marriage the young me as much pleasure as though I were of
lady was attacked with a dangerous fit the age to which it is dedicated. Old and
of illness. Madame de Genlis was thus young, high and low, all must study those
plunged into the deepest distress, and delightful pictures in which the virtues ac-
anxiety of mind joined to the fatigue quired by education, triumph over vice and
occasioned by affectionate attendance on
ň folly. Every line bears the stamp or your
in
her child, produced a change in her health
heavenly mind. It appears in every scene
- under a different emblem, and cloihed in
the effects of which she experienced long the purest morality. Your pen is guided by
after her daughter's convalescence. As a perfect knowledge of human nature, by
she suffered considerably from a pulmo- all the charms of wit and the graces of style;


1819.)
Memoir of Madame de Genlis.
525
·moiselle d'Orleans in her exile, through their return to France must have ex-
the fear of being placed on the list of posed them to certain death. Dumou-
emigrants, and the Duke conjured Ma- riez offered them an asylum in his camp.
dame de Genlis to accompany the young They followed the army, and procured a
Princess to Flanders, and to remain with lodging at St. Amand, in the city, whilst
her three or four weeks at Tournay, un- the head-quarters were established at
til he could engage a proper person to the Baths, about a mile distant; the de-
supply her place.
fection of Dumouriez was however de-
On reaching Tournay, Madame de clared the day after their arrival at St.
Genlis determined seriously to prepare Amand. Dreading the consequences of
for her departure for England. "Three this event, and fearing lest they should
weeks after her arrival at Tournay, Pa- be included in the general list of fugi-
mela, her adopted daughter, was mar- tives, Madame de Genlis determined to
ried to Lord Edward Fitzgerald ; but as depart, without loss of time, for Mons,
the person promised by the Duke bad representing herself as an Englishwo-
not arrived, Madame de Genlis was man, intending to proceed impediately
unable to set out with the new married to Switzerland, by way of Germany;
pair as she had at first proposed.
and notwithstanding the urgent intrea-
About a month after their departure, ties of M. de Chartres, she resolved to
her husband, who at the commencement depart without Mademoiselle d'Orleans :
of the revolution had taken the title of however, at the very moment when she
Marquess of Sillery, communicated to was stepping into the coach, M. de Char-
her from Paris, the dreadful catastrophe tres presented himself, with his sister,
which terminated the life of the unfor- bathed in tears. Mad. de Genlis could no
tunate Louis XVI. She immediately longer resist her intreaties, she pressed
dispatched a faithful messenger, con- her to her bosom, and they departed in
juring him to quit France : but he such haste that they forgot to take with
declared in answer, that he would never them Mademoiselle d'Orlean's baggage,
abandon his native country, adding, that the whole of which was lost.
the events to which he was then a wit- After encountering many dangers,
ness augmented his indifference for an they arrived, by cross roads, at the Aus-
existence which the crimes of his fellow. trian posts, where they passed for two
citizens rendered odious. M. de Sillery English ladies, and by that means ob-
remained in Paris though he had every tained passports, and an escort to con-
opportunity of escaping; but so far from duct them to Mons. Madame de Genlis
thinking of concealment when he learnt was now assailed by a new misfortune.
that he was proscribed by the sanguinary The day after her arrival at Mons, she
Robespierre and his adherents, he volun- discovered that Mademoiselle d'Orleans
tarily surrendered himself and shortly and her peice had both caught the mea-
afterwards perished on the scatfold. His sles; and being unable immediately to
last instructions to his unfortunate wife procure a nurse she was obliged to attend
were, that she should retire either to on them herself, day and night. How-
Ireland or Switzerland; but a serious ever, in the midst of this disaster, she
indisposition by which Mademoiselle enjoyed the consolation of having sared
d'Orleans was seized, prevented Madame the life of Mademoiselle d'Orleans, who
de Genlis from observing the prudent would infallibly have suffered for her
counsel of her ill fated husband.
brother's desertion had she fallen into
Mademoiselle d'Orleans bad no attend the hands of the French. The Duke de
ant except Madame de Genlis and her Chartres after having fought against the
niece. Her convalescence was extreme- enemies of his country, under Dumou-
Jy slow, and at the expiration of four riez, accompanied that General in his
weeks she experienced a relapse. In this fight from St. Amand.
situation Madame de Genlis could not The delay occasioned by the fatal in-
think of leaving her. Meanwhile Flan- disposition of the young ladies, afforded
ders was united to France: General the Austrians time to discover that they
Dumouriez arrived at Tournay, and were natives of France, but they never.
though he had no knowledge either of theless experienced the most generous
Madame de Genlis or Mademoiselle treatment. General Mack procured from
d'Orleans, yet he felt interested for their the Prince of Coburg passports which
unfortunate situation. To bave remain- enabled them to proceed in safety
ed at Tournay, where the Austrians through Germany. Madame de Genlis
were momentarily expected, would have left Mons on the 13th of April, 1793,
been in the last degree imprudent; and though her young companions were still


526
(July 1,
Niemoir of Madame de Genlis.
in a state of extreme debility, and they sincerely attached, her residence at
arrived safely at Schaffhausen, in Swit. Bremgarten became irksome to her,
zerland, on the 26th of the same month. notwithstanding the kind attention of
There they were joined by the Duke de the nuns, who proved themselves in every
Chartres, and they proceeded together respect worthy of her gratitude and
to Zug, where they hired a house on the friendship. She quitted the convent on
banks of the lake, at a short distance from the 19th of May, 1794, accompanied by
the town.
her niece, whom she placed under the
Ilere, under assumed names, they protection of a respectable family in
enjoyed tranquillity, but for a short Holland, and thence she proceeded alone
time ; for M. de Chartres was soon recog- to Altona. There she remained un-
nized by the French emigrants, passing known upwards of nine months, and
through the town. The magistrates, having met her son-in-law, M. de Va-
fearing lest they should incur the dis- lence, at Hamburgh, she went to reside
pleasure of the French government, with him at Silk, a village in the duchy
politely urged the necessity of their seek- of Ilolstein, about fifteen miles from
ing an asylum elsewhere. This unex- Hanburgh. There Madame de Genlis
pected occurrence convinced M. de at length enjoyed repose, and she re-
Chartres that his presence must un- sumed her literary occupations, which
avoidably prove fatal to his sister's safety, had been so long suspended. In this
and he took leave of her to travel retreat she wrote several novels, namely,
through Switzerland on foot. M. de Rash Vous, The Rival Mothers, The
Moutesquieu generously procured Ma. Little Emigrants, and The Knights of the
dame de Genlis and her two protegées a Swan. She also published a narrative of
safe retreat in the convent of St. Clair, her conduct during the revolution, in
at Bremgarten, where they all three answer to the calumnies by which she had
passed for Irish ladies returning from been assailed.
France, compelled by the troubled state In the year 1800, the French govern-
of that country and the dangers of war, ment called Madame de Genlis from her
to return to their homes as soon as an retreat, and granted her permission to
opportunity should occur.
return to her country. She thankfully
Madame de Geplis passed a year at embraced the opportunity of being re-
Bremgarten in profound seclusion, devot- stored to her daughter, her grand-chil-
ing her whole attention to her pupil, and dren, and such of her friends who still
concealing from her the knowledge of her survived. She has ever since resided at
father's tragic death, which took place Paris. Haring been deprived of her
during their residence at the convent of fortune by the events of the rerolution,
St. Clair. Their days passed away in she has principally supported herself by
sadness, but not without occupation, the honourable exertion of those talents
until their repose was once more inter- which she successfully cultivated in hap-
rupted by the intrigues of their enemies, pier days, when they formed merely the
who at length forced them to quit Swit- amusement of her leisure hours. Since
zerland.
her return to France, she has published
Madame de Genlis having determined several historical novels, remarkable for
to depart, began to think on the means elegance of style, and faithful deline-
of procuring some other place of refugeations of manners, but among all her
for Mademoiselle d'Orleans. She prevail- productions, that with which she has
ed on her to write to the Duke of Mode- thought proper to terminate her literary
na, her uncle, to request that he would career, has, perhaps, excited the greatest
receive her in his territory; but he re- interest. We allude to Les Pardenus,
plied, that political considerations pré- ou l'llistoire de Julien Delmour; a trans-
vented him from acceding to her soli- lation of which has just appeared under
citation. Madame de Genlis shortly the title of The New Æra.* In this
after ascertained that the Princess de work she has given an interesting picture
Conti, her pupil's aunt, was in Switzer- of the state of society and manners in
land, and residing at Friburglı. To her France for the last thirty years, and she
she advised Mademoiselle d'Orleans to adduces amidst all the horrors of the re-
appeal for protection, which the Princess volution examples of sublime piety and
most readily granted, and at the ex- devoted attachment, which will, doubt-
piration of a month, sent the Countess less, throw a gleam of lustre on that un-
de Pons St. Maurice to escort the young happy period.
lady to Friburgh.
* There is still another work of Madame
After this separation from her pupil, de Genlis' forthcoming, but it was written
1 whom Madame de Genlis was most prior to Les Parvenus.


5:28
(July 1,
Original Poetry.
Nor vainly at thy hands shall Passion seek,
O roam not there,
The soul-felt language of delight or pain,
Thou mourner fair,
But hanging o'er thy page with changeful Nor pour the fruitless tear;
cheek,
Thy 'plaint of woe,
And flashing eye-find thine unearthly
Is all too low,
strain,
The dead, they cannot hear.
Like a clear mirror-give the life of life
The Northern Star
again.
Is set afar;
Perhaps 'tis well thy varied song should end
Set in the raging sea ;
With him—the glorious image of the day:*
And the billows spread
Thy verse personified. 'Tis thine to blend,
The sandy bed
Opposing graces'with harmonious sway,
That holds thy love from thee.
Like that embodied emblem of thy lay.
As conscious power, and beautiful disdain,
Are there attemper'd with the purest ray
BIRTH-DAY STANZAS.
Of loveliness-e'er lent on earth to reigo;
Addressed and Inscribed to a Young Lady,
So to forgiveness melts thy strong indig-
who became of age on the Anniversary
nant strain.
Birth-day of her Royal Highness the
Farewell a while! for we shall one day late Princess Charlotte, January the 7th,
meet,
1819.
Perchance in brighter spheres, if not in Still dear to that love, which e'en time can-
this.
not change,
Oh, who can see Hope's early visions fleet,
; And 'shrin'd in the mem'ry which ne'er
Nor turn to other worlds for views of bliss!
shall decay;
Where Malice cannot sting, nor Envy hiss! And
biss! And fix'd, like those planets whose orbs
Nor Merit rise, a mark for Folly's dart,
never range,
(Her dart, though blunt, is seldom known Is the fond recollection that hallows to-
to miss);
day.
Nor Love be deemed the weakness of the For this morning beam'd bright on our
heart;
Princess's birth,
Nor souls, in ienderest bonds entwined, tore. And when dazzling with splendour its
doom'd to part.
day-star arose;
Oh! who that rejoic'd in its dawn o'er the
THE NORTHERN STAR.
earth,
Could dream of the darkness that shroud-
Written at Tynemouth, Northumberland,
ed its close.
on the loss of a ship so named in the
Baltic Trade.
Yet as dear, and as welcome it still shall
remaid,
The Northern Star,
Still gladness shall hail it with minstrelsy's
Saild o'er the bar,
lay;
Bound to the Baltic sea ;
And friendship, and love still unite in the
In the morning grey
strain
She stretch'd away,--
That hails the returning of Beauty's birth-
'Twas a weary day to me.
day.
And many an hour,
Whilst to thee, ROSABELLE! may each hope
In sleet and shower,
of thy heart,
By the Light Hlouse rock I stray; Each wish of thy lov'd natal morning be
And watch till dark,
given;
For the winged bark
Till, like her whom we mourn, when calld
Of him that's far away.
hence to depart,
The castle's bound
Thy life's sun set on earth, to rise parer
I wander round,
ia Heaven!
Among the grassy graves;
JAMES.
But all I hear
Is the north wind drear,
PITT.
And all I see the waves.
A Song, written for an Anniversary Pesti-
ral of the Pitt Club, May 28, 1819.
* The resemblance of Lord Byron's Hail to the morn, that claims our lay
Poetry to the Apollo Belvedere appeared too To deck the Patriot's fame!
fancilul to the writer of these lines, until When Glory sheds her purest ray
justified by the beautiful comparison of his Round Pitt's illustrious name:
genius to Grecian sculpture in general, That name to every heart is dear,
which has appeared in prose so energetic It lives on every tongue;
and poetical, That lo quote it would throw And still shall each succeeding year,
the preceding address too far into shade. His virtue's praise prolong.
+ See Childe Harold's sublime soliloquy While Pitt's lov'd memory yet we own,
in the Coliseum, ending with--Forgiveness. The bulwark of his monarch's thirone !


1819.1 Colonel Fitzclarence's overlund Journey from India to England. 529
Like Albion's cliffs he met the storm,
Her thunders filled his hand;
When treason, mask'd in angel form,
Spread terror through the land.
Then England's peace his firmness savid,
'Midst states to ruin hurlid;
And Britain, by his counsels, bravd
That wrath which shook the world!
Then Pitt's dear memory still be known,
The ægis of our Monarch's throne !
JANES.
TUD
CRITICAL REMARKS ON NEW PUBLICATIONS.
COLONEL FITZCLARENCE's overlind forty, principally Italians. Sanguine hopes
Jouniey from India 1o Englund.
were entertained of underselling our West
India Markets in the Miediterranean, and
( Concluded from p. 439.)
furnishing the coasts of the Black Sea,
On the 7th of February, Colone! Greece, Dalmatia, and Italy, with sugar and
Fitzclarence sailed from Bantry in a vessel spirits of a superior kind, at a very reason-
belonging to the East India Company, able price. Should this system be carried
and on the 26th of the following month on to any large extent, which I think highly
he landed at Copeir on the coast of the probable if the present pacha lives, I have
Red Sea,from whence he set out the same no doubt it will make a serious change in
day for Kheune on the Nile, in order to the vent of our West India produce."
proceed down that river to Cairo. At A high character follows of this chief,
Khenne, he was entertained by a gentle- and the Colonel says,
man named Anderson, who, though of "I have no doubt, should the son of the
British parentage, was completely igno- present pacha be as great a man as his
rant of the English language, having father, that Egypt will be separated from
been born at Constantinople. in com- Turkey for ever."
pany with this person, our author paid a At the house of Mr. Salt, the Colonel
visit to Dendera, of which he gives a found Mr. Belzoni, whose important
description, but without taking any discoveries have justly excited universal
notice of the celebrated zodiac,
admiration.
A long disquisition is here introduced
“ He possesses to an astonishing degree,
on the similarity between the ancient
the secret of conciliating the Arabs, and
religion of Egypt, and the present one of
literally makes them do what he chooses.
the Hindoos; but though the subject is
His commanding figure, amazing strength
treated ingeniously, nothing of course and y
and height, aid him much in his enter-
can he decided upon the question,
prizes. In moving the head of the young
whether the Asiatics borrowed from the Memnon, which has been sent to the British
Eryptians, or, as is more probable, the Museum, and the bulk of which made the
latter were indebted for their mythos to French despair of carrying it away, he had
the Indians.
nothing to assist him but what he found
From Khennè the Colonel proceeded upon the spot. lle projects some most
down the Nile, hoping to overtake the
extraordinary researches, and every success
English Consul, Mr. Salt, who had passed
is to be expected from his genius; but he
intends preriously to return once more to
along in his return from Thebes a little
Thebes, and bring down the alabaster sar-
before; but in this he was disappointed;
cophagus. He at the same time means to
and after a tedionis passage of ten davs,
complete a work he has undertaken, which
reached that gentleman's house at Cairo. will be the first of the kind ever carried out
At Rhodomon, he stopped to inspect an of Egypt. It is the entire model of a suite
extensive sugar manufactory, carried on of rooms lately discovered in the tombs of
by Mr. Brine, an Englishman, who is in the kings of Thebes, all the walls of which
partnership with the pacha.
being covered with beautiful carving, fac
" The improvements under contemplation similes will be taken of them in moulds of
were very considerable, and the whole mani. wax, and the whole so exactly executed, and
factory had an appearance of success. Mr. put into their respective places, that no dif-
Brine told me he got his coppers princi; allyference or deficiency will be found in the
from Trieste, but had several English. He representation. This work has been com-
also gave me a glass of his rum, intended menced ahout two or three months, ant le
for the European market; for the pacha is hopes in another year to accomplish all the
more a money-making man than a Meho- models, which will give, when corrpleted, a
metan, and has no objection to compound most correct and distinct idea of the gran-
intoxicating liquors for infidels, if we pay deur and nagniticence of the Egyptian se-
well for them. 'It was very excellent; equal pulchres. His attachment to the British
to any rum I ever tasted. I mei many nation has been, he says, the principal spur
Europeans in every part of the manufactory,
of the manufactory, to his endeavours. I am convinced, if Mr.
and learnt that there were no fewer than Salt and himsell are properly supported by
Nav MONTHLY MAQ.- No. 68. Vol. XI. 3 Y


1819.) Col. Fitzclarence's overland Journey from India to England. 331
making in all seven pieces. The foor of “Upon enquiring about Tambuctoo, the
the chamber has been forced up in several Hadjee laughed at our pronunciation, the
places, doubtless in search of treasure. name of the city being Timbuctoo; it is
Under one of these stones he found a piece situated about two hours' journey from the
of metal, evidendy the head of an iron mallet great river. le says, the king of Tim-
or hatchet. This, which he was so good as bucwo is a negro, and resides at Kabra,
to give me, I also intend for the British which is the port of Timbuctoo, being upon
Museum. Very high up in the centre of the Niger. The houses, he slates, ar: low
the wall, there are two small square holes, and mean; the inhabitants have no shops,
about two feet in diameter, one to the north but there are slulls for selling the necessarien
and the other to the south. They are of othe under leather tents. The habitations
considerable depth, like those in the great are built of ciay and loose stones, though
chamber of the first pyramid, and I cannot some of then ust be two stories bigh from
conjecture what can possibly have been their their having stairs. He says, there are
use.
mosques at Timbuctoo; which agrees with
si On the wall of the western side of the the evidence of Hadjee Benaier, who
chamber is an Arabic inscription, which asserty that there are Mahometans there,'
declares This pyramid was opened by the and some of no religion at all;' while
masters, Mahomed El Aghar and Olmau, Hadje Taiub's account is that all religions
and inspected in the presence oi the Sultan, are tolerated; the majority of the inha-
Ali Mahomed, the 1st Yugluck: Beizoni bitants are', according to his description,
stated there were several inscriptions on the negrues. The cow at limbuctoo has a
walls, but I was not satisfied as to the cha- bump upon its should .r, and appears rather
racter in which they were writlen. The larger than the Indian cow; those the
crystals on the walls had formed most nalives ride on."
beautiful shapes, and so hard that it was
with great difficulty I broke some off to
With respect to the Niger, he states
keep as relics of my interesting excursion.
that it runs towards the east, or, as he
On the left hand side of the passage, on term. it, towarus Mecal. He has iuva-
returning a few feet from the great chamber, riably called it the Nil, but another per-
two Arabic inscriptions give the names of 800 ou bord, of the nine wf Hidjee Be-
two men who had visited this pyramid; the nater, calls it Din, but confiring the in:
last thing worthy of note which I remarked teresting fact which was so long contesto
in the interior of this stupendo is laorici el, of the river running to the east. The
issuing from which we revisited the light of Niver is reported to be a quarter of a mile
day."
broad at Kabra, but in the sumner it is
On the 12th of April, the Colonel much more considerable. Hadjee Galub
quitted Cairo for Alexan Irii, wiere he has un lerstood that the river runs into a
embarked on board the Tagus frigite, in large fresh water sea in the interior of
which ship he found his brotier, serving the country, whicli he calls Beiner Solo
as an officer under Captain Dundas. din; that from this sea the Nile of
This vessel came thither fir the purpose Egypt takes its rise, so that he calls it
of conveying home one two sons of the the same river; and that half way to
emperor of Morico, wiro ha! been on a Cairo there are great falls and cataracts
pilgrimage to Mecca : of which juurney which prevent boats from passing. This
they gave an account that serves to account of the source of the Nile, may,
diversify the present narrative. But however, be reasonably doubted. The
the most important information derived hoats in the river are of a middling size,
from this source, and here detailed, is fat-bottomed, having no sails, and con.
had been often visited on coinmercial ed of the bark of trees, and some of
speculations by Hadjee Talub Ben them are as large as a frigate's launch,
Jelow, the governor of the Princes. or about twenty-eight feet long. Our
This man appears not only to have been informant, Hadjee T'alub, adds, that cro-
extremely intelligent, hut very commu- codiles abound in the river, are very vo-
nicative ; and there can be no doubt of racious, and are taken by being harpoon-
the verity of his statement, since he could ed with an instrument with five prongs.
have had no inducement to practice de. There are vast quantities of fish in the
ception.
Niger, which, froin their colour and size,
are supposed to be salmon. Hadjee
• Unfortunately for antiquarian conjec-
Benata states, that Timbuctoo is three
tures, these fragments are found to have times the size of Alexandria; and Hadiee
belonged to an animal of the bos genus, Talub conceives the population to be
probably the remains of an apis.-ED. about 60,000, and represents their cha.


532 Col. Fitzclarence's overland Journey from India to England. (Jus 1,
racter as being good and friendly, though They dress with the turban, and place it is
helas heard of people being shot for many folds round their head and face, s
thef, and of offenders being beat on the as to project a great way, serving 22
back with the skin of an animal dried and guard, and leaving only the eye upcovered,
They are armed with a long sword, ster
cut into thonys. He says there are cocoa
on both sides, though some of then carria
nuts and dates in abundance, and water-
javelin. For defence they have a shut
melons in great plenty, but all grow made of leather, about fire feet long and too
wild, there being no garden whatever. 'broad, which covers their whole prots.
The woods in the neighbourhood of Their dress consists of a blue shirt !
Timbuctoo are described as being full of white trowsers. He represents the ropa
game, and lions and beasts of prey are as being very fat, and having a protu.
often scen in the neighbourhood of the ance behind like the Hottentot women,
town. Hares and rabbits are in vast whom we have heard so much. The Shots
quantities, and the only dog they have lahs receive a certain tribute from the se
teh groes of Timbuctoo, and nerer cross the
is a greyhoud, which is trained to catch groe
river. During the summer they refun (1)
those animals: cats they have nove. The
day's journey to the east, but in winter code
city is well supplied with every kind of
close to the city. Their pomen perlust a
provision, and it is customary for the na- the agricultural labours in the field.
tives to eat elephant's flesh, which ani “We made inquiries respectioz the cars-
mal is stated to exist in immense herds vans froni Fez to Timbuctoo, and from
in the vicinity. Their flesh appeared Timbuctoo in various other directions. Be
palatable to Hadjee Talub, tasting like says he travelled by the regular cararan 3
heef, but being quite white. They are three montis and ten days from fer to
ferocious animals, and will attack singlc Timbuetoo, but the year alter be went the
persons, which obliges men who ride same journey with a guide and two guards
in twenty nine days, on a herrie, perlors.
alone to carry a liorn to frighten them
ing four days' journey in one.
away. There are two methods of hunt-
There is de
want of water during the winter time; bet
ing the elephants, one hy driving them
hordes of Arabs attack travellers at that S
into the river, where men by swimming son. The herrie is mentioned as being the
vet on their backs, and cut and destroy fleetest animal that can be conceived ; is
them; the other by driving them into like a dromedary, but is as superior in speed
pits, and there butchering them: a few to the generality, as a race horse is to a cart
are tained.
horse.
" As to their commerce it is carried on
66 There runs a tradition that there was at
between Fez and Timbucico generally by
one time a regular caravan from Timbucho
caravans, which leare the former p'ace in
direct to Cairo, but the disturbed state of the
March and October, as does that of Mecca
Mors country has of late rendered it so unsate as
at the same season. The articles which sell to prevent it allogether. Indeed, as (10
Shullahs accompanied the caravan from Fes
best at Timbucioo are salt, tobacco, Euro-
pean scarlet cloth, and English painted cot-
to Mecca, having come from Timbuctoo for
tons, besides pistols and guns. This traffic
that purpose, Captain Dundas thinks, ir
which ladjee Talub agrees with him, that
returns elephants' teeth (of which two are so
large as to be a load for a camel,) slaves, and
there is now no direct communication be
gold. The gold is generally in small bags,
tween that city and Cairo. With resort
in each of which is an ounce, valued at fil-
to intercourse toward the east and south-
teen dollars: it is extremely pure and fine:
east, our traveller speaks of Houssa beisg a
considerable city, but at such
they have also pieces of gold weighing about
a distance
from Timbuctoo that the latter city is only
five ounces. This precious article is very
half way between it and Fez. It is described
common, and comes from the south-west,
where it is found in great quantities. The
to be a place of great traffic, where the
negroes wear bracclets and other ornaments
cloth used by the inhabitants of Timbocze
of this metal, and Hadjee has presented
is manulactured. Neither he nor Haciet
Captain Dundas with some gold articles,
Benata know any thing of Wassana, at
consisting of part of a necklace, a pair of
though they are acquainted with a large
ear-rings, and some braids for the hair, si-
place, twenty days' journey south-east frog
milar to the filagree work of the Archipe-
Timbuctoo, calied Massana Beyond the
lago of the Eastern Seas; which he states
place, to the south-east, are a people sbe
that the workmen manufactured as they do
eat their prisoners.
in Java and Sumatra, in the house of their
" During our various conversations,
Hadjee Talub mentioned, that eleven year!
employer, by whom they are hired like jour-
neymen.
ago, in 1807, when at Timbuctoo, he heard
“ He speaks of a tribe call d Shullahs, of two white inen, who came from the sea,
who are a savage race, living in leather
having been near that city. This was the
tents, and of a varlike and brave spirit. year before he arrived at Timbuctoo, ad


par les
533
1919.)
Letters of Advice from a Lady of Distinction.
*
Lo stupeysa
pi
he understood that the white men sold beads, opinion for themselves from the table of
as they had no money to purchase grain. contents, which is as follows:-
He adds, that they went down the Nile to “ Concerning the disposition or inclina-
the eastward, and that general report stated
tion of a Wife-On the inclination or dispo-
tion of a wife
that they had died of the climate. This ap-
sition of a Husband-Respecting those who
peared to Captain Dundas and myself to al-
visit through Ceremony-Concerning the
Jude to, and certainly all circumstances tend
visits cf intimate Acquaintances--On the
to prove that these persons were Mr. Park
continuation of Affection-On irresolution
and Lieutenant Martyn, who could have ar-
or weakness of Disposition or Tenper-On
rived there about that period. However,
Disputes which arise u pon trivial occasions-
the pacific conduct and friendly intercourse
On what may be termed Absolute Quarrels
montioned by Hajee Talub disagrees with
-On Fickleness of Disposition-09 Confi-
the journal of Amadi Fatonma, who speaks
dence and Secrets-Oi natural Imperfections
of hostility taking place off Timbuctoo,
00, or Defects--On the proper government of
which city is not in the Niger; and in what
the Thoughts--Of agreement of Thoughts
regards the fate of these gentlemen, they in the Concerns of Life--The necessity and
differ as to the mode of their death.
propriety of Circumspection in a wile's Be-
" It was natural that we should attempt haviour and Deportment-On similitude or
to ascertain it it was practicable for a Frank agreement of Tempers--On agreement or
to pass from Fez to Timbuctoo, and if he conformity of Sentiments-Of being in pub-
thought the Emperor of Morocco would lic and in private in the presence of a Hus-
assist the views of any Englishman in reach- band-On the government of Conversation
ing that city, which he answered with the - Of the proper Management of a Fa-
greatest confidence in the affirmative. As mily."
to any danger with the caravan, he expresses Though this correspondence passed
a conviction that there is not the slightest; between persons in the highest station of
but singly, he thinks, that great risks would life, the advice is equally adapted for the
be hazarded. I further asked him, whether, conduct of the humblest members of so-
if duly rewarded, he would accompany me
ciety; and the style is of that level, fami-
to Timbuctoo, to which he assented with the
Jiar description, which is best suited to
utmost readiness; and added, that we could
reach that city in forty-seven days from Fez
give effect to friendly monition. Having
on horseback, and that he would forfeit his
said thus much in a general way, we shall
life if he did not bring me back safe."
confirin the remark by some detached
passages, taken from the letters as they
Our author, after a tedious voyage up
occur, without any attempt to classify
the Mediterranean, got on board the
them under any arrangement.
packet at Gibraltar, and arrived on the
14th of June at Falmouth.
" When a woman becomes pleased with
flattery, she is not displeased with the flat-
The copious extracts we have made terer. She may therefore shew him marks,
from this interesting volume render any though innocent, of her favour; but rest as.
observation upon the composition of it sured, that the husband who hears a man
superfluous, and therefore we shall compliment his wife, and perceives that he
conclude with saying, that it is elegantly is rather a favourite with her, will become
printed, and that the plates do equal uneasy. If an explanation should take
credit to the author and the artist who place, there will be disquietude; for suspi-
engraved his designs.
cion, however slight, on so nice a point, will
affect you materially. If, however, he should
remain silent, he will continue to observe
Leiters of Advice from a Lady of Dis. with circumspection, and the jealous eye al-
tinction, addressed to the late Duchess ways sees more than there really is."-" Be
of* **********, shortly after her Mar-
not in haste to appear the married woman,
nor think that a look of care or intense
riuge. 12mo. pp. 218.
thought becomes you, or is the mark by
Instead of introducing this inestimable which it may be known. Care approximates
little volume with any formal language very nearly to sorrow: at least in the indir
of commendation, of which it stands in cations by which it shews itself upon the
no need, we shall only observe, that the countenance. I would not have you enter
letters were written in the vear 1774, by tain a thought of sorrow because you are
one of the most excellent and accom-
married, nor would I have you look as if
plished ornaments of the British court. you repented of it. It would be doin, in-
justice to your husband, and it is a measure
to her relation, whose attractions and
calling for compassion to yourself: but if
talents long gave her an ascendency in
in you have the true spirit of a woman, you will
the fashionable hemisphere. Of the na- know that there is no insult so great as the
ture and value of the banquet here dis- pity which other people pretend to have
played, our readers will best form an for us."
han de regering
***
listy


536
New Publications, with Critical Remarks. [July 1,
The concluding pages are devoted to entering upon at present, though it is
the affecting story of Vatel, froin a letter fully worthy of succeeding to the Banquet
of Madame de Sévigné, which is given before us); and still more recently a
in a translation among the notes in a mock epic poem, called the Vestriad, or
style worthy of the elegant original. The the Opera, in five cantos; which, from
rest of the notes contain many humour- what we have heard and seen of it, seems
ous and classical allusions and intertain- likely to prove one of the most engaging
ing anecdotes.
and popular works of this class in the
The author has since added a “ Des- language,
sert" (which our limits prevent us from
LU
VI
U
V
MONTHLY REGISTER.
AGRICULTURE.
possess surprising merit, and prove that the study
Communications to the Board of Agric of the antique which prevailed in Italy during the
culture, on subjects relative to Husbandry
13th century was common to this couutry also. Of
the execution of the plates we cannot speak ton
and internal Improvement of the Country.
highly, but as in a number executed by different
Vol. I. Part 1. 8vo. 14s.
artists, some must be better than others, we are
ARCHITECTURE.
coinpelled to say that the views of Messrs. Byrne,
Hlustrations of the Architectural Antiqui- Lee, and the two Le Keux, appear to deserre par.
ties and Sculpture of Lincoln Cathedral. By ticular notice; nor would we wish to be invidious,
C. Wild. 16 plates. Atlas 4to.
but truth demands it of us to say, that the choir
In the general advancement of British arts the by Mr. John Le Keux ranks pre eminent not only
topographical department of all others is univer in this collection, but of any of the plates that se
sally admitted to have attained the nearest ap. have seen executed by this celebrated artist.
proximation to perfection, a superiority which may
ARTS.
prolably result from the general encouragement it Liber Veritas, or a Collection of Prints
derives from that species of patriotism which after the original designs of Claude de Lor-
males every man more or less a lover and collector rain, in the collection of his Grace the Duke
of our national antiquities. In this class the work
of Devonshire, Earl Spencer, Richard Payne
before us bas considerable claims to our commen.
knight, Benj. West, Charles Lambert, Ed-
dation, both as it conveys a comprehensive, and we
doubt oot, a just idea of one of the most magnifi.
cent edifices of which our county can boast. It Farrington, esqrs. Executed by Richard
exhibits, on a scale hitherto un precedented, the Earlom. Vol. 3, folio, 71. 17s.6d.
various excellencies of our most eminent archi. Views in Greece. By E. Dodwell, esq.
tectural engravels. In this illustration the srieg. Part 1, imperial folio, 21. 12s.6d.
tific and the picturesque are judiciously combined,
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
the leading features of each part of the fabric Bibliotheca Britannica By Rob. Watt,
heing given geometrically and in detail, and their M. D. Part 1. No. 1. 4to. U. ls.
general effert by perspective representations pos.
A Catalogue of Old Books, being vol. 2
sessing that precision in drawing, and oberness of
chiaro-scuro for which Mr. Vild's pencil is so justly
of the second part of Longman and Co.'s
admired. In the historical and descriptive ac.
Catalogue for 1818-19. 8vo. 2s. 6d.
count, the author has with great propriety confined Barrington's Catalogue of scarce books in
himself most scrupulously to his subject, and by all Languages. Is. 6d.
this means has given us a very large portion of real
BIOGRAPHY.
information in a short compass. It would be im. The Life of Sir Thomas Bernard, bart.
possible to give our reallers any idea of the work By the Rey, James Baker, his nephew and
by extracts, but we cannot forbcar to glance at a executor. 8vo. 8s. 6d.
portion of the earlier history of that celebrated
A Biographical Dictionary of the Worthies
building. The cathedral church or Lincoln was
of Ireland. By Richard Ryan. 8vo. vol. 1.
originally crected by Remigius, one of the first
b shops appointed to an English see by William
12s.
the Conqueror, and that part of the present west
This specimen of a work truly national is de-
front is undoubtedly of thal age. In 112+, ibe
serving of a place in the library of every Irishman
larger portion of the church having been injured
who is a lover of his country. Many of the lives
by fire, it underwent a thorough repair by Alexan.
in this volume are now for the first time printed.
der (the patron of Henry of Huntingdon) whose
and even more that are not of that description
style of architecture is also excmplified in the west
contain much new information, and the whole ar-
entrance.
pears to have been compiled with the most inde.
The presen: choir and chapter house, with some
fatigable industry and care. Much entertaining
other parts specified, were built by Ougi de Gre.
anecdote is displayed throughout the volume, but
noble, better known by the title of Saint flugi, be
still we cannot help thinking that the witticisms
tween the years 1186 and 1200, the nave, transept,
so liberally scattered in each succeeding page are
and tower, in the first, and the presbytery in the
incompatible with the sober gravity of a biogra.
last part of the thirteenth century, so that it exhi. pher. The preface has considerable claims to zt
bits the progressive advancement of the pointed
tention, as it contains much curious matcer relating
style from its first adoption to its arrival at a stale
to Ireland; it is written with great energy, and
of comparative excellence. This cathedral is nar.
bear the stamp of a superior and classical mind.
ticularly rich in sculptural embellishment, and the
The Life of the Right Reverend Father
bas reliefs and statues givea in this work seem to in God Thomas Wilson, D.D. Lord Bishop


1819.)
539
New Publications, with Critical Remarks
* Si thn Clarke's ESSAVO
von Rathing scriotion of the various plaps of explanation
with Practical Observations on Diseases of
adopted by Mr. Relfe. We must however, observe,
the Skin, Bilious, Liver Complaints and
that his mode of exhibiting the major and minor
Dropsy, 4s, 6d.
scales-of marking the situations of the senii-
tones, (diagrams 9 and 10.) and thereby enabling
· Among the many subjects discussed in this the student to make an immediate comparison
important essay, are the variety of baths in use between each major key and its relative minor, is
scale of their temperature.-Cold Bath, its pri- certainly the best of the kind that we have had the
mary and general effects on the body-danger of good fortune to meet with; and dia.li, in which the
going cool into the water-advantages to be ex. enharmonic scaleis shown by three notes, placed
pected from cold bathing-diseases said to have
aid to have in different stave
in different taves of the same bar-presenting
been cured by cold bathing. Ses Bathing im- identity in sound.but difference in rotation, forms
proper in all eruptive complaints--other cases in a useful practical lesson to the piano-forte perforiner,
which the crid bath or sea bathing is injurious - But the most novel and important feature in the
Shower Bath-Cool Bath.-Tepid Bath,-its Musical Seroll, is Mr. Relfe's new plan of thorough
effects on the body-the best adapted for the bass figuring. It is matter of surprise, that no
purpose of cleanliness-advantagrs of tepid bath fixed system for designating the clords of thorough
ing during pregnancy-custom of the peasant bass has hitherto been establislied. Its utility
women in Ireland-tepid bathing in infancy-dur must be obvious to every musical composer; and,
ing puberty-in the middle age-in old age- besides, what adrantage cau be gained from
means of prolouging hinnan existenccRussian buithening and perplexing the memory of the
mode of bathing practised in Dublin.- Warm Tarner with the various modes of figuring which
Bath, its immediate effects on the body--iis. have heretofore been einployed. Nr. Relfe's plan
cases in which the warm bath is useful-best time seems adcquate to every purpose for which it is
for warm bathing-catching cold, after warın bath. intended, and we see no reason why it should not
ins, a groundiess fcar-warrn bathing use!ul in the be goberally followed. A desire to avoid the
influenza fortifies the syste.n against cold.- tedious and inelegant diffuseness so common in
Medicated or Sulphur Bath,-its effects on the the writings of musical professors, bas, perhaps,
skin-the saltwater bath injurious to the shiu. led the author into the opposite crror of exueme
Diseases of the skin cause of cutaneous eruptions brcvity. The publication is, however, adınirably
on the face the medicated bath or artificial waters calculated to facilitate the acquisition of the rudi.
of Baregc- the bath used by Bonaparte--by Julius ments of barmony; and, we accordingly recom-
Cæsar-by tenry 4th of France.Hot Bath,-ils mend it as a useful assistant to beginners, whilst
effects on the body--douches or dry pumping. at the same time it affords improving exercises
Vapour Bath, its immediate effects on the body to the student more advanced in musical theory.
-useful in fovers-used by the Africans in fever - The Child's Introduction to Thorough
Pulmometer--description of a Turkish bath and Bass, in conversation. 4to. 8s.
shampooing--vapour of boiling tar-general in-
NATURAL HISTORY.
structions for cold, warm, and vapour bathing. Naturales Curiosæ. Curiosities in Natural
Popular Obserrations on the Diseases of History ; taken from authentic reports of
Literary and Sedentary Persons. To which eminent travellers. By Joseph Taylor. fc. 5s.
are added, Hints for their Prevention and
NOVELS, ROMANCES, &c.
Removal. By W. A. Pearkes. 8vo. 5s. 6d. The New Æra; or, Adventures of Julien
Transactions of the Society instituted at Delmour, related by Himself: a French na-
London for the encouragement of Arts, tional Tale. By Madame de Genlis. 4 vols.
Manufactures, and Commerce, with the 24s.
Premiums offered in 1818, vol. 37. 10s. 6d.
This interesting fiction exhibits a view of society
Prolegomena to every future Metaphysic
and manners in France for the last thirty years.
which can appear as a science ; from the Like the ingenious author of " Gil Blas," the writer
German of Kant. By John Richardson, 8vo. has described personages of all ranks, and criticised
9s.
every thing which in manners appeared to her ra.
Principles of Science. By Cecil Hartley, prehensible or ridiculous.
12mo. Is.
The Hermit in London; or, Sketches of
A Description of the Process of Manu- English manners; forming a companion to
facturing Coal Gas. By F. Accum, 8vo, 25s, the “ Hermite de La Chaussée d'Aptin."
Theory and Practise of Gas Lighting. By 3 vols. 18s.
J. S. Peckerton. 8vo. 214.
Views of Society and Manners in the north
'Tis pleasant through the loop-holes of retreat
To peep at such a world; to see the stir
of Ireland. By John Gamble, esq. 8vo. 125.
Oi the great Babel, and not feel the crowd.
MUSIC.
Cowper.
A Muschedula, or Music Scroll ; exhibit-
The Carriage. By Maria Benson. 12mo.
ing an epitome of the whole Science of
39. 60.
Music. By J. Relfe, Musician in Ordinary
The Pleasures of Want; or in Love and
to his Majesty.
not in Love; a Novel. 3 vols. 16s. 6d.
Considerable praise is due to the author of this Robin Hood, a Tale of the Olden Time. :
little publication, for the clearness and brevity
10. 12s.
with which he has explained the first elements of
Dudley, a Novel. By Miss O'Keefe.
the theory of music. The instructions are conveyd
3 vols, 12mo. Il. ls.
in a series of twenty diagrams, which being all ex-
hibited in a single sheet, are placed immediately Errors and their Consequences ; or, M€.
under the eye of the learner. Our limits do not, moirs of an English Family, 2 vols. 18mo,
of course, enable us to enter into a detailed de 13s.


610
(July 1,
New Publications, with Critical Remarks.
The Authoress, a Tale. By the Author Childe Albert; or the Misanthrope, and
of “ Rachel." fools. 8vo. 58.
other Poems. 8vo. 59.
Gogmagog Hall; or, the Philosophical Philibert, a poetical Romance. By Thos.
Lord and the Governess. 3 vols. 21s. E. Grattan. 8vo. 10s. 6d.
The Veteran; or, Matrimonial Felicity. The Lay of Agincourt, with other Poems,
& vols. 21s.
The Waggoner, and other Poems. By
The Smugglers, a Tale, descriptive of the W. Wordsworth. Bro. 4s. 6d.
Sea Coast. 3 vols. 12mo. 19s. 6d.
Eastern Sketches, in verse. By Henry
The United Irishmen; or, the Fatal Ef- Gally Knight. 8vo. 7s. 6d.
fects of Credulity. 2 vols, 12mo. 13s. Mazeppa, a Poem. By Lord Byron,
Tales of my Landlord. Third Series ; 8vo. 5s.6d.
containing, The Bride of Lammermuir, and Tales of the Hall. By the Rey. G. Crabbe.
a Legend of the Wars of Montrose. 4 vols. 2 vols. 8vo. 11. 4s.
12mo. 82s.
Richardetto, Canto 1 and 2, from the Itz.
The Exhibition, a Poem. By a Painter. lian. 8vo. 5s 6d.
8vo. pp. 64.
The Gentleman, a Satire, written in the
The author of this feeble performance appears 10 Years 1812, 13, 14, and 15, with other
be too good-natured for a satyrist, like Peter Pin- Poems and Notes. 8vo. 5s. 61.
dar; and he is equally deficient in the requisite A Poetical Epistle from Alma Mater to
qualifications for being a panegyrist. If his pallet
Lord Byron. 8vo. Is.
is not more productive than 1. pen, we are afraid
Edmund and Anna, a simple Ballad, with
the observation may be applied to him in a sense
not very fattering_" Ut pictura poesis." That we olher Poems. By E. Green. fc. 7s.
are not uncharitable in the remark, we shall shew, Dunrie, a Poem. By Harriet Erving. fc.
by letting the bard speak for himself and his friends. 78.
" Chantrey's a worthy name! those children slept The Angler, a Poem, in Four Cantos. By
A lovely sleep in marble. Bone's enamels John Henry Church. fc. 8vo. 5s.
Are precious things. And what should intercept
POLITICS AND POLITICAL ECONOMT.
My mentioning thice, Kenton, as the lay swells;
A Defence of the Poor Laws; wito a Plan
Rich, classic, vigorous, thy works have ciept
for the Suppression of Mendicity. By S.
Around, and hold my mind in gentle trammels.
Roberts. 8vo. 29. 6d.
Idridge's portraits are rich and powerful,
Like some in oil, or gardens when they're flower-
Observations on the Poor Lavs. By Jas.
full."
Macphail. 8vo. 2s.
Alas! this is neither poetry nor painting !
Observations on the Philosophy of Crimi.
nal Jurisprudence. By J. E. Bichero. Sie.
More Broad Grins; or, Mirth versus Me 8s,
lancholy. 12mo. pp. 64.
Wheatley's Report on the Report of the
There is a servile race of rhymestors continually Bank Committees. 8vo. 7s.6d.
aping those who have succeeded in ministering 10 Further Considerations on the state of
the public taste. The author of these trifles is one the Currency. By the Earl of Lauderdale.
of this numerous family, and thouglı not altogether
destitute of humour, or a knack of versitying, he
A practicable Plan for Manning the Royal
falls so far short of Colman, as to render the imita.
tions extremely wretched in the comparison. This Navy. By Thomas Trotter, M.D. Svo.
is the natural consequence of such attempts, and is
just the same as the conduct of a teeble, but vain A Sketch of the Causes of Decay in the
artist, in presuming to place a picture of his paint Legislative Government and Representation
ing liy the sirie of one of Reynolds or Vandyke, to of the Country. 8vo. 2s, 6d.
slew how well he has caught the manner of these Comments on some recent Political Dis-
masters.
cussions, with an Exposure of the fallacy of
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1819.)
Vurieties, Scientific Notices, &c.
541
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TOPOGRAPHY.
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VARIETIES INTERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &c.
Geology.--THE following circumstance the equinoxes, of the moon, of the planetary
is vell worthy the attention of those who iniluences, of the accidents of the weather,
study the philosophy of the globe :--Althe Sc. Jccording to my opinion, they contain
back of the castle of Namur there is a hill, nothing more than the 2d, the number of
at the foot of which was formerly a spring seconds in a circle; the lst, 3d, and 4th,
of water. During the construction of the the decimal seconds in two days, one day.
new fortifications of the town and citadel of and hall a day : for
Namur, the spring was, however, blocked 2d, 360 X 60 X 60" = 1,296,000.
up, and it subsequently disappeared. The 1st, 18h X 60 X 60 = 1,728,000.
farmers in the vicinity observed some vio- 3d, 24h x 60 x 60 = 864,000.
lent commotion under ground, on all parts 4th, 12h x 60 x 60 = 432,000.
of the hill; and nothing could equal their Some old Bramin and Mystic has proba.
surprise on ascertaining that the action of bly made of these seconds, years; and this is
the waters of the spring had undermined the probably the origin of these chimerical four
hill, and that it was moving in a mass, with ages of the world. As far as I know, none
out either sinking or cracking. In a short of those who have hitherto attempted an ex-
time all that part of the road leading to Di planation has hit upon this idea.
pant was completely covered by the hill, A little volcano bas recently made its ap-
and it has been found necessary to throw a
to throw a pearance on
pearance on a mountain near Morbio, a
bridge across the Meuse to the bank leading village in the Swiss canton of Tessin. The
to Ivoir. The country people in the neigh- explosion was preceded by an earthquake.
bourhood have given it the name of the The dames ascended to a considerable
walking-hill; and it has been observed, height above the summit of the mountain,
that the weight of the water, which daily and masses of stone were hurled to a great
augments, moves it in the direction of the distance. On the following day a large
bank of the Meuse. This is a circumstance opening was observed in the mountain, from
worthy the curiosity of the learned.
which the flames still issued with a strong
Astronomical Conjecture. The celebrat- smell of sulphur. Great damage was sus-
ed astronomer Bode, of Berlin, says-“ En- tained by some houses in the neighbour-
quirers into ancient astronomy and chrono- hood, but no lives were lost. The date of
logy often speak of the four periods into this event corresponds with that of the late
which the ancient Indians divided the dura- disasters in Sicily.
tion of the world. The first is said to have The Electricily of the Human Body.
contained 1,728,000 years; the second Dr. Hartmann, of Francfort on the Oder,
1,296,000; the third '86 1,000; and the has published in a German Medical Jour-
fourth, in which we live, will 432,000 years. nal, a statement, according to which he is
Great paids have been taken to attribute to able to produce at pleasure an efflux of
these numbers (which the Indians call Yug,) electrical matter from his body towards other
mysterious astronomical significations; and, persons. You hear the crackling, see the
in modern times, attempts have been made sparks, and feel the electric shock. He has
to connect them with the periods of the may now acquired this faculty to so high a degree,
netic poles of the earth, of the precession of that it depends solely on his own pleasure to


Vurieties, Scientific Notices, fe.
[July 1,
make an electric spark issue from his fin the city has not existed above a century. I
gers, or to draw it from any other part of was informed that the Emperor Alexander
his body. Thus in this electrical man, the annually expends a million of roubles in em-
will has an influence on the developement of bellishing his palaces, and the nobility, vie
the electricity, which had not hitherto been with each other in the splendour of their re-
observed, except in the electrical eel.
sidences. From an accurate observation of
* Antiquities.--It is well known that the the power and resources of Russia, I am
French department of Jura contains a vast persuaded that that empire has acquired a
number of antique monuments, either Celtic preponderance which will enable it in future
or Roman. During some recent diggings to brave every coalition. The Russian go-
on a piece of uncultivated ground, near the vernment can raise a million of troops, and
high road between Strasburgh and Lyons, nothing is spared for the discipline and
the remains of some edifices were discovered, maintenance of this force. The imperial
equally remarkable for their extent and sin guard, which is quartered in St. Peters.
gularity. They consist of brick closets, burgh, may be considered the finest military
twelve or fifteen in number, furnished with corps in Europe. It consists of 45,000 men,
leaden columns or pipes, air holes, and a and, as they are well paid, and enjoy certain
vaulted stove made of stone. The latter privileges, it is considered an honour to be
contained ashes and charcoal, in such a long to the corps. A fine figure is a great
state of preservation, that it was easy to recommendation to those who wish to enter
ascertain from what species of wood it had the imperial guard. A singalar custom of
been produced. The monument resembles this corps is, that the officers wear corsets,
Hypocausta of the Romans, and there is which contract their waists, and give them
reason to suppose it has been an edifice of somewhat the appearance of insects.
that kind.
“ The emperor passes whole hours at the
Mr. Henderson has discovered, in New school of horsemanship, and frequently re-
Siberia, the claws of a bird measuring each views the army in person. From what I
a yard in length; and the Yaknts assured could learn, the Russian navy consists of 90
him, they had frequently, in their hunting ships of war; and, though its sphere of ac-
excursions, met with skeletons, and even tion is extremely limited, and it has to con-
feathers, of this bird, the quills of which tend with various obstacles, yet new ships are
were large enough to admit a man's arm. constantly building, and there is every rea-
This is a fact in support of the tradition, son to believe that Russia is determined to
that the earth was formerly inhabited by establish an immense navy. Cronstadt, at
giants, for men, not exceeding ourselves in the head of the Gulph of Finland, is a great
stature, would have been helpless against maritime depot. The dock-yards, arsenals,
birds of prey of this magnitude. Captain barracks, &c. are kept in the best order. In
Cook mentions having seen a monstrous the building of ships, the Russiads seem
bird's nest in New Holland, on a low sandy principally to attend to strength and beauty;
island, in Endeavour River, with trees upon but, whether owing to the bad quality of the
it, and an incredible number of sea fowl; he materials, or the effect of the climate, they
found an eagle's nest with young ones which seldom last more than 10 or 15 years, and
he killed, and the nest of some other bird, of frequently stand in need of repair. The
a most enormous size; it was built with number of foreigners employed in the Rus-
large sticks upon the ground, and was no less sian navy is a serious drawback. They con-
than six and twenty feet in circumference, sist of English, Scotch, Irish, Americans,
and two feet eight inches high.
Germans, &c. It is probable the Russians
A circumstance of a singular nature, and will seek a more extended theatre of opera-
likely to attract the notice of mineralogists, tion, that they may not be obliged, as at
especially in Ireland, is at present the sub- present, to leave their ships for one half the
ject of conversation among the literati of year in the dock yards. If ever they should
Dublin. An exceedingly Ane specimen of become masters of Turkey and the Greek
diamond crystallized, has been found in the islands, they will experience no difficulty in
sand of a small stream in the north of Ire- manning their ships; for the Greeks are es-
land. It is of the species called by lapida- cellent seamen, and they are already very
ries the yellow diamond, of extreme beauty, numerous in Russia."
and remarkable size.
Paris, May, 1819.-The English Journal
Russia.- A German Journal contains the published here with the title of Galegnani's
following extract of a letter from an officer Messenger, stated some days ago, that the
in the service of the United States, concern- remains of the celebrated actress, Mrs.
ing St. Petersburgh, and Russia in gene- Jordan, who was buried at St. Cloud, had
ral :
not yet any secure asylum, because nobody
« Though I was prepared to find St. Pe- had paid for the ground, for which the
tersburgh a magnificent city, yet, the reality municipality asked the triding sum of sixty
exceeded my utmost expectations. I was francs. The journal added, that this sum
astonished at the long streets, lined with pa- would soon be raised if every Englishman
laces, and intersected by canals, with quays, whom Mrs. Jordan had delighted by her
built of granite, and innumerable bridges. performance on the stage would contribute
There is nothing old in St. Petersburgh, for a penny. Immediately a great many


1819.)
Varieties, Scientific Notices, fc.
643
English came forward to pay the price of active correspondence with that of London.
the ground, and in three days after, the These two establishments are now two foci
publication of the article, the remains of the from which light is diffused over the whole
celebrated actress were in safety.
Globe. Thanks to their zeal, we shall
Among the new productions of French soon be acquainted with the moral con-
literature, a work by Mr. Charles Pongens, dition of all nations, by the means of in-
is particularly worthy of notice. It is called struction which they employ. The Society
Specimens du Tresor des Origines de la of Paris at presents directs its attention to
Langue Française, 1 vol. 4to. printed at the elementary books. With this view it is
the Royal Press. Few authors have en- endeavouring to collect the elementary
tered into such extensive researches into works in use in different nations, in order to
Etymology as Mr. Pongens, who is mem- choose the best, and to have similar ones
ber of the Academy of belles Lettres. For composed.
these forty years he has been engaged on The Academic Society of Rouen, has pro-
an Etymological Dictionary of the French posed as the subject of a Prize Essay, “The
Language. Every word of the language is exposé of the civil and military admi-
the subject of a learned dissertation, in nistration of Normandy, under Rolla, or
which the author enumerates all the opin the other chiefs or dukes of the Normans
nions that have been given upon the word, who came from Denmark.
compares and discusses them. He follows Amongst the individuals composing the
the origin of all the known languages of Mission from Rome to St. Helena, now in
the East and West, making use of the this country, there are two possessed of
characters peculiar to each language. considerable literary and scientific attain-
Hence this volume would not be printed ments. The Abbé Bonavita, a Corsican
any where except at the Imprimerie by birth, independant of being a profound
Royale, which possesses the type of all classical scholar, and historian, is an ex-
languages. The volume which Mr. Pongens cellent botanist, and well versed in natural
has just published, is only an extract from history. M. Antomarchi, also a Corsican,
his great work, which will form six volumes but domiciliated in France, and professor of
in folio, independantly of a Dictionnaire anatomy to the Great Hospital of Florence,
grammatical raisonné, in 4 vols. folio. is editor of the three posthumous works of
which the author has also finished in the celebrated Mascagdi, one of the greatest
manuscript. The utility and great merit of and most indefatigable anatomists of his age,
the Specimen give reason to hope that he and whose first pupil this gentleman was at
may soon publish these two important the period of Mascagni's death, which took
works.
place in 1815. Two of these have been
Mr. Ravul Rochette, Conservator of the already published ; one in 1816, entitled
Cabinet of Antiquities, has published in 1" Anatomy for the use of Painters and
vol. 4to. Two Letters addressed to Lord Sculptors;" the other this year, callert
Aberdeen, in which he defends, against Mr. “ The Prodriome," of the great anatomical
Knight, the authenticity of the Greek in- work of R. Mascagni, containing pumerous
scriptions of Fourmont. It is well known microscopic and other illustrations of the
that several men of letters, and particularly human body and its various organs. M.
Mr. Knight, have accused Fourmont of Antomarchi had commenced editing the
having forged, or of having passed off grand work, which terminated his late
as true, false inscriptions which he had master's valuable life, when the precarious
brought back from his travels in Greece. and declining state of Napoleon Bonaparte':
Mr. Ravul Rochette, on the contrary, main- health induced him to join the present
hains that there is nothing in these inscrip- mission. He, however, takes out all the
tions which should raise a suspicion of their plates of this stupendous acquisition to
authenticity; and that Fourmont was not medical science, in order to prepare them for
even learned enough to compose Greek final publication, during his residence in St.
inscriptions.
Helena. Several of the larger plates are
The Society for the Amelioration of Ele- six feet in length, presenting at one view
mentary Instruction, bas lately held a public the different parts of the human body,
sitting to give an account of the result of its drawn with incomparable accuracy, and
labours. During the four years that have the natural size. The minor illustratione
elapsed since its foundation, it has spread represent details as novel as they are im-
the new method of mutual instruction all portant to science, in which the immortal
over France, and after the example of this author has illustrated the formation of the
kingdom, the neighbouring countries begin teeth, hair, nails, &c. in a manner that
also to adopt it. A thousand new schools has excited universal admiration amongst
have been formed in France. In the great medical men, while they promise discoveries
towns, associations have been formed to of the most important nature in Pathology
support and direct them; the method has and Physiology. Several highly distinguish-
been introduced into all the French Army, ed members of the profession have seen
and extended to the colonies belonging to these plates, since Mr. Antomarchi's arri-
France. The Society of Paris keeps up an val in London, more particularly Mr. Ash-


546
[July 1,
Fine Arts.
year, increased in diligent study. We with a glowing splendour, of which we
are aware that even this commendable can convey no adequate idea. The sun.
aim at excellence may sometimes be car- rise, which is so deservedly admired as
ried too far in certain details, so as occa- one of the most perfect pictures in Sir
sionally to affect the purity of lint and bril John Leicester's gallery, is fresh, cool,
liunt decision of the touch in some import and ruddy. But this artist has proved
ant particulars. But although in one or that he can represent the same time and
two heads we fancy we can discover some- give it a different aspect: here the morn-
thing of an over anxiety of hand, we ad- ing is warm and calm; the radiance is
inire the cause too highly to do more golden, and the clouds almost motion.
than state our supposition, which, after less : its enchanting simplicity and chas.
all, may have an existence in our own de. tity are its spell. It is not enough to
fective judginent and not in the picture. say that it is an effect of Nature; it is
175.“ Morning-Fishermen on the one of her most delicious cffects. The
look-o'it," by Willian Collins, A. R. A. hour is one, when all her purest sensibi-
A robust fisherman, in a red cloth cap, a lities are newly arisen, and with a livelier
dull, reddisha jacket, short grey trowsers, feeling for intellectual enjoyment. The
and large sea-boots, is standing on a high scene, too, is congenial. A sea-shore,
bank of earth, on the sea-shore, with the or a majestic river, is a spectacle of in-
glass to his eye, looking out to sea at spiration to a poetical fancy. The sub-
some light vessels which glitter on the line image of man's immortal spirit
line of light on the distant horizon.- hastening to the bosom of his Creator,
He stands on the fore-ground, near the or of time pressing forward to merge
left side of the picture, and his face and in eternity, presents itself to the imagina-
figure are seen nearly in profile. He is tion, on beholding a mighty body of wa-
about forty, and his athletic figure, his ters rolling onwards to lose itself, as it
rough dress, and manly countenance are were, in immcasurable space. How
a perfect study of character. His black many painters are incapable of leading
dog is sitting behind, looking wistfully the spectator's mind beyond the exact
up at his master's niotions. Beside the number of square feet or inches of pan-
first, a young lad, in a striped red and nel or canvas, on which their scheme of
yellow cap, light jacket, dark trowsers, harmony and dexterity of pencil are dis-
and boots, is lolling on the ground, and played ! How few, like Collins, can realize
seen in a back view. The implements of the hour and the scene with all their rela-
fishing, baskets, nets, a lantern, oars, and tire illusions, bring back our most sooth-
a tarpaulin, are scattered on the bank, ing recollections, and awaken a warmer
in front of these figures. It is ebb-tide, sensation in the lieart! But in every part
and several distant boats and fishermen, of this five picture, the execution is sub-
and the remains of an old wharf, are seen ordinate to the sentiment of locality;
in the shallows, which lie low and stretch the hand directed by the mind.
across from the fore-ground to the sea. Mr. Collins has also, the small whole-
All here is still and coul, as if the morn- length portraits of Lords Charles and
ing had not yet wholly dissipated the last Thomas Pelham Clinton, twin sons of
nisty obscurity of night. A faint tinge his Grace the Duke of Newcastle, in this
of purplish shadow mellows the trans- exhibition. This artist has a charming
parent olive and dark greyish hues, which taste in whatever he paints, and this is a
spread nearly across the whole extent of pleasing picture; but the subject does
the middle ground, and unite all its ob- not afford sufficient scope for his fancy or
jects in ouc undivided breadth. These feelings.
retiring hues are combined with the 269. “ The Post Office," by E. V.
grassy and earthy tints of the fore- Rippengill. This is the first time that
ground, which are also of a subordinate we have met with the name of this ar-
tone. There is nothing so neutralized tist; we have been told, it is the first
in this commanding mass, as to become picture which he has exhibited, and it
cold, or lose its vital importance, al- certainly introduces him to the public, in
though its sobriety produces a brilliant a point of view so very favorable, that
contrast, without any gaudy colouring we gladly congratulate him on his suc-
in the brighter masses of the picture. cess. It is full of matter, and we must
The sun rises near the centre, just above be brief. In the right corner, an old
the waves; and the yellow light illumines postman is seated beside his white horse,
the skies, the dark blue sea, the distant with an air of jaded indifference to all
licadlands, the vessels in the offing, and around him. A genteel and interesting
the figures and objects on the fore-ground, girl stands near him, looking with an air


1819.1
The Drama.
549
Vis never permitted to flag, and their sym- let. - Mr. Arnold, of the English Opera,
pathy is gradually wrought up to a high 'is about to make proposals for the ma-
pitch, in behalf of the chief characters. nagement, and should he obtain the lease,
Montalbert, although he had been tempts from his known abilities and activity much
ed by the force of love to obtain the hand may be augured. Mr. Kean has offered
of Claudina perfidiously, is, in the end, to undertake it at 8000/. per annum.
a sharer in our pity, with Trefusis, Clau-
COVENT GARDEN.
dina, and her brave father, Omreah. Al- ON Wednesday, the 9th of June, Mrs.
though all the Carib energies are called Siddons performed Lady Randolph, for
forth, the gentler passions of the audience the benefit of her brother, Mr. Charles
are chiefly touched. The death-blow of Kemble. The house was filled in a few
Claudina' is concealed, and the mind minutes after the opening of the doors,
meets with no black and horrid villainy and we were happy once more to see this
to revolt from in the representation.
great actress display her powers. She
The author's good sense, correct taste, was received with an enthusiastic greet-
and generous strength of feeling, are ing. Her delivery of the narrative rela-
discoverable through the whole piece. tive to the birth and supposed death of
The language is characterised by an un- Douglas was very fine, and her question-
affected vigor, happily free from the po- ing of old Norval and her parting with
lish of false refinement, and from neg- Douglas, were equal to any performance
ligent common-place or coarseness. The in her prime. When Douglas enquired
author nas wisely employed as a means “ But did my sire surpass the rest of men
of accomplishing an end, and, if we may s6
« As thou excellest all of womankind ?”
judge from the effect upon our own feel
inys and those of the audience, his suc- the audience burst into a thunder of an-
cess has been complete. The scenes i plause, which continued for many mi-
were the worst daubings we remember to nutes. Her acting was excellent through-
have noticed upon a London stage ; but out.
in the part of OMREAH, that admirable
NEW ENGLISH OPERA.
actor, Kean, roused the whole of his as- THIS house, which possesses in its na.
tonishing powers, and never produced a tional name and object, as well as in the
deeper impression upon bis audience. spirit of the manager and the present
Mrs. West was well received in Claudi- strength of the company, a powerful
na; Bengough in Montalbert, and Holclaim upon the favor of a British public.
land in Maloch, were respectable. Miss was opened on Monday, June the 21st.
Boyce, in Kathelrade, was better than I We must do Mr. Arnold, the proprietor.
we have ever seen her ; Mr. Henry Kem- the justice to say, that he has spared no
ble is entitled to praise for his exertions expence of tasteful decoration and em-
only; he wanted power for the character bellishment to fit it up in a style of at-
of Trefusis. The tragedy possesses a tractive elegance. The whole is norel
strong interest in the closet, and even and fanciful, and the general effect strik-
now, the heart-rending voice of Kcan, ingly brilliant. The orchestra has been
still rings in our ears and thrills our reinforced by several performers from
blood.
Drury Lane; and among the actors sre
On Tuesday, the 8th of June this , are happy to see a valuable accession in
Theatre closed for this season. The per- | Dowton, who is himself a host; and
formance was the play of Henry IV. in Harley, whose various merits have ren-
which Mr. S. Komble performed Sir John dered him a favorite. Mr.W.S.Chatterly,
Falstaff. At the conclusion, he pro- who, in antiquated foppish lovers is equal
nounced a farowel address, to a crowded to King, and who possesses a happy ver-
house ; announced the intention of new satility of talents; Wrench, a livels
decorations, and an increase of the body shewy performer of fashionable rakes':
of performers during the recess; and Wilkinson, a ludicrous, rustic simpletur:
denied the existence of any plot, or un- and Huckel, who possesses considerable
due exercise of power behind the cur- broad humour in low life; are not new to
tain, as had been asserted, and generally these boards. Among the vocal performers
believed.- The present debt of the thea- are, Mr.T. P. Cooke, Mr. Pearman, Mr.
tre, with the additions of this season, is Broadhurst, and a Mr. OʻCallaghan, a
90,9227. 78. The receipts, up to the 25th young Irishman, of good figure. Among
of My last, are 35,9661.; The expendi- the ladies are, Miss Kelly', Miss Love
ture, 37,2931. 128. the deficit 12971. 12s. Miss I. Sterenson, and Mrs. Grove. The
Mr. Stephen Kemble has resigned his house has been well and fashionably at-
engagement, and the house is now to be tended ; the pieces have been hither


650
Proceedings of Public Societies.
(July 1,
got up with judgment and ability, and as nity of manifesting its genuine indepen.
lovers of the ENGLISH Opera, we con- dent state, in the patronage of this truly
gratulate the town upon this opportu- national and delightful entertainment.
W. C.
PROCEEDINGS OF PUBLIC SOCIETIES.
SOCIETY OF ARTS, MANUFACTURES, &c. of planting timber by honorary premiums;
On Tuesday, the 25th of June, we attend- and many of the candidates for these dis-
ed the annual distribution of the Rewards tinctions would be found on the lists to-day.
adjudged by this excellent Society. The Mr. Aikin having concluded this address,
great room, Freemasons' Hall, was crowded Dr. Powell proceeded to the distribution of
to excess, and a more gratifying display of the rewards: Dr. Thackeray, of Chester;
talent, rank, and beauty, is not to be wit- Ralph Creyke, esq. of Dotterill Park ; and
nessed on any public occasion, than adurned C. Fyche Palmer, esq. of Luckley, had se-
this grand national spectacle. Owing to the verally the gold, silver, and silver Ceres me-
indisposition of the Duke of Sussex, the Pre- dals for planting 188, 187, and 115 acres of
sident, Dr. Powell, one of the Vice Presi- forest trees. Three other prizes were
dents, was called to the chair, and acquitted granted in the department in Agriculture
himself excellently in that arduous situation. and Rural Economy ; viz. the silver Isis
He opened the business of the day by stat- medal and 15 guineas to Mr. J. Beckway,
ing the cause of his Royal Highness's ab- of Lewisham, Kent, for a inachine for
sence, and of his appearing as his substi- weighing and binding hay; by this ingeni-
tute; at the same time paying a handsome ous contrivance the hay is cut into trusses,
compliment to the uuwearied zeal and dili- bound, and accurately weighed at the same
gence of the secretary, Mr. Aikin, who, time; it has been tried on a large scale, and
when he heard of the Duke's inability to proved to be so eininently useful a machine
attend, bad exerted himself to the utmost to for hay husbandry, that we have litte doubt
supply the vacant place with some noble- it will come into very general application :
man, whose dignity and talents would have to Mr. T. Lape, of Stockwell, for a fruit-
added weight to the solemnity they had to gatherer, 10 guineas; this consists of a long
celebrate. Failing in this respect, the task pole, at the top of which a pair of forceps,
had devolved on him, and though a humble something like tongs, composed of rings and
individual, whose efforts must want the in- covered with soít leather, open and shut
fluence possessed by their Royal President, by means of a spring at the bottom, and
his great extent of knowledge and acquaint- thus pull the fruit without injury :-to Mr.
ance with every subject before them, and E. Roberts, of Mold, Flintshire, five gui-
above all, the charm which his condescen- neas, for a churn, in which two actions work
sion never failed to impart to the rewards at the same time.
bestowed, he trusted that, surrounded as he CHEMISTRY.- In this class, John Young,
was by genius and elevated station, his ser- esq. surgeon, Edinburgh, received the gold
vices would be accepted by this brilliant as- Isis Medal for the cultivation of the poppy,
sembly, whose indulgence he solicited. and thence collecting and preparing opium
The secretary now read an address, in in Britain; and Mr. W. Cook, of Prescot-
which he took a view of the rise and progress street, London, the silver medal, for pre-
of the society, and of the beneficial effects serving anatomical preparations in brine.
produced by its labours on the various de- The chairman observed, upon the former,
partments of Arts, Science, Agriculture, that it would be of great consequence, as
and Commerce, to which its attention and perfectly supplying the place of an article
encouragement were devoted. He adverted of costly importation; and upon the latter,
to the branching off of the Royal Academy that it would save a large consumption of
in 1778, and to the detached provincial spirits of wine ; had preserved subjects for
Agricultural Associations which had more more than three years ; and would be of
recently sprung up, and relieved the parent extraordinary utility for the preservation of
stock from a portion of that charge which objects of natural history in distant climates,
related to the Fine Arts and to Rural Eco- where the ingredient hitherto employed
nomy. Still, however, the society retain- could not be obtained. The rewards in the
ed to itself the privilege of fostering early ta- class of Polite Arts amounted to no fewer
lent, and of promoting the important object than fifty-seven.
USEFUL ARTS.
PATENTS.
sibility of running amain if employed in
WILLIAM HORNER, of Howick, Northum- raising or lowering Weights. Jan. 1818.
berland, for a Machine or Apparatus for THE invention consists in a new combi-
the purpose of acquiring a very high nation of certain known mechanical princi-
Mechanical Power in a small compass, ples and powers, and in their application or
and with little Friction, without the pos. adaptation to various purposes according 1.


1819.)
551
· New Patents..
the modes hereinafter detailed, and not in retain the fulminating substance in the tube.
the separate parts of which the machine is and preserve the same from damp. The
compounded. Two wheels firmly fixed on metal or other substance of which the primer
the same axis, so as to be incapable of move is composed must be thin, because the de
ing separately, are made to revolve round, tonating powder or substance is to be ex-
within, or upon another wheel which is not ploded by a blow struck on the outside of
at liberty to move with them, and which I the primer as hereinafter described. The
call the primary wheel. One of these first primer being supported against a solid sup-
mentioned wheels (which may be called port, the tube is crushed or squeezed up by
double wheels) is connected with the primary the blow, so as to explode the detonating
wheel, by teeth, cogs, chains, straps, ropes, powder or substance within it. My im-
or the friction of rough surfaces, and they provement in the construction of certain of
both are made to revolve round their own the parts of fire-arms, consists in the form
axis, by performing a revolution round the and arrangement of certain parts of the
axis of the primary wheel; the primary lock, which parts are adapted to receive one
wheel is not attached to the axis which , of the aforesaid primers, and hold it in a
passes through it, but is occasionally fixed proper position to be struck by a projecting
to the frame of the machine. Another part of the cock of the lock, and in which
wheel is firmly fixed upon this axis, which I position it will, on exploding or detonating,
therefore call the axis wheel; and upon this fire the gunpowder with which the piece is
axis is also fixed the barrel or any other charged.
mechanism, which is to produce the effect These improvements in the lock are as
intended by the machine. The axis wheel follows: In place of the pan of the lock is a
is put ip motion by the other double wheel, piece of solid metal, projecting from the
by means of a winch applied to the metal lock plate, and made with a flat surface,
frame, in which the double wheels move. against which the primer is supported
All the wheels abovementioned may be whilst it receives the blow of the cock. IR
either circular, or of such other forms as to place of the hammer of the lock, I apply
be capable of acting upon each other in the what I call a primer holder, because it party
ordinary manner of toothed wheels or band- covers the primer, and holds it by the gentle
riggers; and if a wheel is employed broad pressure of a spring against the aforesaid
enough to work both in the axis and primary flat surface, in such position that one end of
wheel, one such wheel will in some cases the primer applies to the touch-hole of the
answer the purpose of both the double piece, and the length of the prime pearly
wheels, that is, when both the double wheels in the line or direction of the touch-hole. On
are equal as to the number of teeth to each the under side of the primer holder is a
other, and the primary and axis wheels groove, which enables it the better to hold
have a considerable number of teeth, the the primer in its said position, and which
power gained by this machine is to unity, permits the primer to be introduced be-
as the entire revolution of the axis wheel is tween the said primer holder and the said flat
to that portion of it which it moves during a surface. The primer holder has an opening
complete turn of the winch; the radii of cut through it, to expose the middle part of
the barrel and of the winch being consider- the primer which lies beneath it, and when
ed in this case equal.
the cock of the lock is let tly, the projecting
Joseph Manton, of Daris-street, Berke-
end thereof passes through this opening, and
strikes suddenly upon the outside of the
ley-square, Gun-maker, for certain
Primers for Fire Arms, and also certain
primer with sufficient force to explode the
fulminating powder or substance contained
improvements in the construction of cer-
tain of the Parts of Fire Arms. Aug. 3,
in the primer.
The flash of fire from
1818.
the end of the
The primers for fire-arms are small hol-
primer communicates fire, by the touch-
low tubes, made of very thin metal or other
hole, to the gunpowder contained in the
barrel of the gun.
suitable substances. The dimension of the
tubes must be according to the size of the
PATENTS LATELY GRANTED.
piece to which they are to be applied as EDWARD HEARD, of Brighton, Sussex,
primers; but for a musket or fowling-piece chemist, for certain processes, means, or
they should be from half an inch to three methods, of hardening and improving tal-
quarters of an inch in length, and from one
quai
low and other animal fats and oils, so as to
tenth to one-eighth of an inch in diameter, manufacture therewith candles of a superior
and open at both ends. To prepare the quality to those at present made from tal.
primers for use, the interior of the tube is low. Dated Feb. 1819.
filled (or partly filled) with a detonating or Tuomas BROCKSOPP, of Fore-street,
fulminating substance or powder, which Cripplegate, London, grocer and tea-dealer,
will explode and produce fire when struck for the application of certain machinery to
with a sudden blow, which substance is well the purpose of breaking or crushing of
known, being already in use for discharging sugar. Feb.
fire-arms by percussion. The open ends of JAMES JEFFRAY, of Glasgow, Scotland,
the primers are stopped with bees-war to professor of anatomy in the University of


552
[July 1,
Paients lately Granted— New Inventions.
Glasgow, for certain combinations of and price of eight pounds per ton, or about one
improvements in machinery, to be moved seventh the price of hemp.
by wind, steam, animal strength, water or Captain Manby of the Royal Navy, has
other power, by means of which boats, invented and completed a light fire cart
barges, ships, or other floating vessels may which was lately exhibited at the royal bar-
be propelled or moved in water, and which racks at Yarmouth. It is provided with
invention is ſurther applicable to other use- every necessary apparatus for extinguishing
ful purposes. March
fires, to be applied by one man only on the
WILLIAM MILLWARD, of Eaton, Bucks, first alarm.
shoemaker, for an improvement on skaites, SEA CLAMM.-Among the contributions
and in fixing the same on the feet. March. to general knowledge, made by the historian
SAMUEL HAYCRAFT, of Birmingham, of the expedition to Baflin's Bay (Capt.
Warwickshire, spoon-manufacturer, for cer- Ross,) not the least in value is his account
tain improvements in manufacturing spoons, of the instrument invented by himself, for
forks, and other articles of iron, silver, or taking the soundings at any fathomable
other suitable metal, by the application of depth. The following is a discription of the
certain machinery, hitherto unused for that structure and operation of this machine, the
purpose, and improvements in such ma- Sea Clamm, as it has been called by its
chinery. March.
inventor :- It is “ a hollow parallelogram of
WILLIAM TYROR, of Liverpool, Lanca. cast iron, (1 cwt.) 18 inches long, six by six,
shire, coachmaker, for certain improve- and four by five inches wide. A spindle
ments in the construction of pumps, and in passes through it, to a joint of which the
the machinery for working ihe same forceps are attached and kept extended by a
March.
joint bolt: when the bolt touches the ground
William NEALE, of Birmingham, War- the forceps act, and are closed by a cast
wickshire, whitesmith, for combination of iron weight slipping down the spindle, and
machinery calculated to increase power, to keeping fast the contents till brought up for
be worked by manual lahour, or other suit- examination."
able means March.
By this instrument the deepest soundings
Æneas MORRISON, of Glasgow, writer, ever reached in Baffin's Bay, were taken at
for a combination of certain processes and 1050 fathoms; and it was ascertained that
manufactures, wherehy animal and vegeta- the bottom of the sea, like the land, Fas
ble food mor be preserved for a great length very mountainous. The mud was extremely
of time, which will be of great benefit and soft: lat. 72. 23.
advantage to our subjects both at home and " The instrument came up completely
abroad. March.
full, containing about six pounds of mud,
John OUTHETT, of Vauxhall Walk, mixed with a few stones and some sand.
Surrey, civil engineer, for improvements in Although this mud was a substance to ap-
the construction, arraogement, and combi- pearance much coarser than that which ire
nation of the series of apparatus used for had before obtained, it was also of a much
the production of gas from pit coal and looser nature, and had in it no insects or
other substances, and for purifying, store organic remains : but a small star-fish was
ing, and delivering, for the purposes of illu- found attached to the line below the point
mination, and for the application of certain marking 800 fathoms. The instrument
parts of the said improved apparatus to other took 27 minutes to decend the whole dis-
useful purposes. March.
tance. When at 500 fathoms, it descended
Thomas MORTON, of Leith, ship-builder, at the rate of one fathom per second, and
for a method of dragging ships out of water when dear 1000 fathoms down, it took one
on dry land. March
second and a half per fathom.”
William Robinson, of Saffron-Wal- It took an hour " for all hands" to get it
den, Essex, surveyor and builder, for cer- up again from this prodigious depth, and
tain new or improved apparatus to be al- the result of the experiments, by the sell
tached to all sorts of doors and door jambs, registering thermometer which it took down,
and hanging stiles, for the purpose of pre- proved that the water was colder in propor-
venting, when shut, the admission of exter- tion as it became deeper. The temperature
nal air into rooms, apartments, or other at 660 fathoms was 25, and a half; at 400,
places. March.
28; at 200, 20; and 100, 30.
The Actire frigate, Capt. Sir James Aler-
NEW INVENTIONS.
ander Gordon, K.C.B. was moved out of
Experiments have been made at Ports. Portsmouth-harbour, against wind and tide,
mouth, on the application of a grass a com- by means of Lieut. Jas. Burton's invention
mon product of New Zealand, to the manu- for impelling ships in a calm, with two pad-
facture of large and small ropes, of which a dle weels, which are fixed on a spindle, or
favourable report has been given. The grass axle-tree, projecting from the ship's side,
is strong, pliable, and very silky in its nature, immediately under the main deck, and jusi
and may be cut thrice a year. It may be before the gangway. The Active started
brought into this country at the estimated from the upper part of the harbour about


554
[July 1,
Literary Report.
where the right of voting for members to Ist day of July, 1621, an Act of the fifty-
serve in Parliament depends on rating- fourth year of his present Majesty, for grants
Justices empowered, in certain cases, to de- ing certain duties on merchandize imported
Jiver the possession of parish property or into Ireland from any place within the limits
estates to overseers-Overseers empowered, of the charter granted to the united com-
în certain cases, to give relief by way of loan pany of merchants of England trading to
only-Pensions for service, in army or navy, the East Indies. 31st March.
may be assigned, in certain cases, for the Cap. XVI. An Act to carry into effect the
indemnity of parishes-The pension as- Treaty with the Netherlands, relating to the
signed to be paid to church wardens-Jus- slave irade. 31st Mar.Treaty signed May
tices empowered to order payment of sea- 4, 1818--Article 1. Siave trude abolished
mens' wages, for the indemnity of parishes 2. Merchant vessels with slaves may be de-
Gives power to remove chargcable poor tained-3. Mode- Reciprocal right of visit
born in Scotland, Ireland, &c. although they and detention; mode of making such visits,
have not committed any act of vagrancy, which are not to be made in the Mediterra-
Scotch or Irish vagrants may be removed nean, or certain parts of the European seas
without being whipped or imprisoned—This – 4. Indemnity for losses by unjust deten-
Act to extend to England only.-March, 31. tion--5. Ships not having slaves pot to be
Cap. XIII. An Act to continue Two Acts detaired-6. Instructions to be given by the
of the fifty-sixth and fifty-eighth years of respective governments-7. Mixed courts
his present Majesty, for reducing the duties appointed for adjudication of detained ves-
payable on horses used for the purposes sels--8. Punishrient of naral oflicers for
therein mentioned, to the 5th day of April, misconduct-9. Instructions and regulations
1821, and to reduce the duties chargeable declared part of the Treaty-Instruction l.
under certain Acts of the forty-eighth and Mode of detaining ships 2. Search to be
fifty second years of his present Majesty, in made in a friendly manner-3. Cargo, &c.
respect of certain horses, mares, geldings, shall be left on board detained ships--- Regu-
and mules. 31 Mar. 1819.--Fixes duty on lations, Article 1. Mode of proceeding be.
horses used by butchers, &c.--Duty on fore the mixed courts-2. How such mixed
horses pot exceeding 13 hands high-Mares courts shall be composed-3. Form of the
kept for breeding exempted.
process~4. Declaration of captor-5. In-
CAP. XIV. An Act to continue, until the demnity on liberation of vessels, &c.—6.
1st day of July, 1823, an Act of the forty- Proceedings on condemnation–7. Cempen-
sixth year of his present Majesty, for per- sation for detention of vessels not condem-
mitting the exportation of wool from the ned - 8. Judges, &c. shall not receive re-
British Plantations in America. 31st May, wards from parties-9. Supplying vacancies
CAP. XV. An Act to continue, until ihe of Judges,
LITERARY REPORT.
Dr. Harrington has in the press an ex- appointments in the Abbey. Translations
lension of his Theory and Practice of Che- from Records in the Tower, &c. &c.
mistry, elucidating all the Phenomena, with The Rev. H. D. Morgan is printing
out one single anomaly.
Eight Sermons preached before the Univer-
John Crawfurd, esq. late British Resident sity of Oxford in 1819 at the Bampton Lec.
at the Court of the Sultan of Java, is pre- ture.
paring a History of the Indian Archipelago, A History of the County of Northume
with illustrative engravings.
berland, in six quarto volumes, may shortly
The Rev. Dr. Nares is preparing for be expected from the pen of the Rev. Joha
publication a volume of Sermons, preached Hodgson, of Jarrow..
before the University of Oxford, on the Mirs. Taylor, of Ongar, has in the press,
Three Creeds, the Trinity, and the Divinity the Family Mansion, a Tale.
of Christ.
Mr. Grieseke will shortly publish in Ger-
A Treatise on the Modes of Restoring man and English, and Account of his Eight
Vision by the formation of an Artificial Years' Residence in Greenland, illustrated
Pupil, by Sir W. Adams, will shortly be by Charts and Views.
published.
An Account of some of the principal
The Rev. Joseph Hunter is about to Hospitals of France, Italy, Switzerland, and
publish, in a crown folio volume, the His. Netherlands, with Remarks on the Diseases
tory and Topography of the Parish of Shef- of those Countries, will shortly be published
field, with Notices of Ecclesfield, Hansworth, by Dr. H. W. Carter.
Treeton, and Whiston.
Travels in the North of Germany, de-
Mr. James Ilbery is collecting materials scribing the present state of the Country,
with a view to publish a History of Wal- particularly in the Kingdom of Hanover, by
tham Abbey, Essex, from the earliest pe- Thomas Hodgskin, is in considerable for-
riod to the present time, with Biographical wardness, and may shortly be expected.
Notices of the various eminent Characters Sketches of a Tour in the Highlands of
wither born there, or that hare held high Scotland, through Perthshire, Argyleshirt,


1819.)
Literary Report.
565
and Inverness-shire, in the Summer of 1818, merce, manners, and customs of its in-
will shortly appear.
habitants.
The sudden death of Dr. Römer, of Zui- Mr. J. N. Brewer, is preparing an Histo-
rich, though much and deservedly lamented, rical and Descriptive Account of the most
so far from interrupting the new edition of interesting Objects of Topography through-
Linnæus' System of Plants, commenced by out the whole of Ireland, to accompany
him and Dr. Schultes, has proved the means “ The Beauties of England and Wales."
of calling forth the exertions of a society of Portuguese Literature. In an ara like
eminent botanists, scattered all over the the present, so fertile in translation, and
Continent of Europe. The advantages marked by so general a spirit of enquiry and
likely thence to accrue to the new edition, (4 criticism, it is surprising how little we have
volumes of which have appeared at Stutt- heard of Portuguese Literature. With the
gart, printed for J. G. Cotta) would be exception of Camoens, of whom we have a
greatly increased, if the editors could pre- tolerable knowledge through the trans-
vail on some British botanists to contribute lations of Mickle and Lord Strangford, not
in the manner most agreeable to themselves a single writer of that nation has, we believe,
towards the succeeding volumes, either by been clothed in an English dress, or is
drawing up distinct papers on some genus, known to English readers even by name.
or by furnishing detached observations on It should appear that this want of curiosity
species. They would also be happy to re- is by no means confined to our side of the
ceive corrections of the four volumes al water. We suspect that our ancient allies
· ready published. The name of each con- at least have their revenge, and that if we
tributor to be specified in the title-page, have not been very assiduous in watching
and to be annexed to each individual re- their progress of literature and art, they
mark, however brief. It is beyond the have been totally unmindful of ours. We
means of the editors to recompence the fa- rejoice that an apathy on subjects so attrac-
vours which they solicit in a manner suitable tive subsisting in countries, between which
to their anticipated value; yet they offer the relations in every other respect are so
some small compliment per sheet, and en- intimate and advantageous to both, is now
gage to defray every incidental expence. ahout to be dispelled. We are informed,
Those British botanists who, actuated by that a Portuguese Nobleman has been long
zeal for the promotion of science, may be occupied in preparing a translation of Pope's
pleased to attend to this address, are re- Essay on Man into his native verse, in the
quested to direct their letters and communi- ardent hope that the admiration which the
cations either to Dr. Schultes, Professor of favourite production of that distinguished
Botany in the Bavarian University of Land- poet must necessarily excite, may draw the
shuth, or to Mr J.G. Cotta, at Stuttgart. attention of his countrymen to the treasures
From some interesting accounts respecting of thought and imagination contained in the
the advancement of Literature in Iceland, wide field of our literature. As a stimulus
we learn that a translation has been made to further enquiry, he has given in the notes
of Milton's Paradise Lost, and the first annexed to his translation, passages from
fourteen books of Klopstock's Messiah, into most of the English poets, from Chaucer up
the language of that country; by John to nearly the present time; which passages,
Thorlakson, a native. This poet is a however familiar to the cultivated portion
minister at Baegisa, and lives in a little but, of our community, will open a new source
situated between three high mountains, and of gratification to the student of Portugal
in the neighbourhood of torrents and foam- and Brazil. He has also supplied abundant
ing cataracts. The room in which he materials for satisfying the curiosity of
studies and sleeps is scarcely large enough those amongst us to whom the well of
to contain a bed, a table, and a chair, and Lusitanian Poesy is still an untasted spring,
the entrance is not four feet in height as the same notes contain extracts from
His whole income does not exceed six many writers of that nation, whose fame in
guineas a year, although he serves two the estimation of their compatriots yields
parishes.
only to that of the author of “Os Lusiadas."
The Literature of Iceland has lately These extracts are interspersed with quota-
become an object of research in Sweden tions from the works of the enlightened of
and Norway, nd the Royal Library at other nations, besides a considerable por-
Stockholm possessing a great number of tion of original matter, consisting of com-
Icelandic MSS. the Professor Liliengren is ments on the text and information relating
now occupied in translating and preparing to the subject. The Baron de Sao Lourenço,
them for publication. The first volume of the nobleman alluded to, has, by express
the series has appeared, and a second is in permission, dedicated his work in its com-
considerable forwardness.
pleted state to his Royal Master, the king of
A Geographical Manual of the Russian Portugal and Brazil ; and we have recently
Empire, in two volumes, by C. M. de learnt that a Literary Society of this country
Broemsen ; who, during twenty-five years are now on the point of publishing the
active peregrination of that vast country, same, with embellishments by English
has been enabled to visit the greater part of artists, and in a style corresponding to the
it. The work includes particular observa- value of the production and the rank of its
sions on the soil, and on the industry, com- author. We wish it the success due to the


(558)
(July 1,
BANKRUPTS.
FROM MAY 23, TO JUNE 23, 1819, INCLUSIVE.
M.B. In Bankruptcies in and near London, the Altornies are to be understood to reside in
London; and in Country Bankruptcies at the Residence of the Bankrupt, ercept otherwise
expressed. The Solicitors' names are between parentkeses.
B.
A.
Garnett, Nantwich, shoe maler (Hilditch, London
ARLIS J. Nergate-street, printer (Russen and Goode T. Hinckley, hosier (Dickens & Co. London.
800-Adams J. Gloucester, jeweller (Manning,
London --- Amsdell W. Plastow, baker (As. Hadley T. Birminghan, merchant (Jenofogs aod
pinall, London.
Belton, London--llall W. Windmill street, Haye
market, upholsterer, (Courteen and Robinson
Blanch W. & J. Bath, tinmen (Mant-Broomhead Heath H. Islington road, picture dealer (Robinson
J. Sheffeld, merchant (Parker & Browo-Bul. And Hipe-lleginbottom J, Ashton-under-liae, gro.
mes J. sen. & jun. South Shields, slip builder cer, (Baltye, Londou-llolmes and White, Chester.
(Chater, Newcastle upon Tyne-Bions J. sen. & field, and T. Tindal, Durham, hat inanufacturers,
jun. Looe, Cornwall, bankers (Burfoot, London (Lowes and Cowborn Temple-Hayton J. B. King.
-Bradley L. Sandwich, brewer (Lodington & Co. ston upon Hull, merchant (Rossen and Co. Loa
Temple-Bowker T. D. Warmsworth house, mer. don--Hawkins C. Gosport, grocer (Alexander and
chant (Plumptre, Temple-Browning J. Manches. Holme, New Inn-Hont H. Great Yarımouth,
Co. Temple-Bond T. wiuc merchant (Swain and Co. Loudon--Hederle
Armitage, Stafford, malster (Stocker & Co. London J, Leicester square, tailor (Nayler-llighman J.
bond J. Lichfield, maltster (Stocker & Co, Lon. Duke strect, Adelphi, victualler, (T. P. Lewis
dots Brown T. Newport, grocer (Hicks, London Havier J, Bristol, watchinaker (Heelis, London
Bonsor J. Spitalfields, coal merchant (Warrand luusley W, Wetherby, grocer (Smith, Temple
-Brockliss J. Oxford, corn dealer (Pownall, Lon. Harrison J. Spring Gardeos, tailor (Ciarki
don-Bolmer T. & B. South Shields, rope maker
(Bell & Co. London-Brown & Flunter. Wood str. Izod W. Redditch, draper (Berrick and Co.
Cheapside, warehousemen (Krarsey & Co.-- Buck London.
ley J. Ashton under Line, clothier (Battye, Lon.
don-Bealey R. Cockey Moor, cottou manufac. Johnson S. Skinner street, Finsbury, cabinet
turer (Clarke & Co. Loudon-baldwin W. II. Li maker (Gillibrand, London-Jorden J. S. Birming.
verpool, merchant (Clarke & Co. London-Birch J. ham, dealer (Richards and Co. London-Jones J.
Aston. Maltster (Egerton & Co, London-Bugden Upper Brook street, tailor (Fielder and Co. Lon-
J. Dartford, paper makers (Flexney, London don-Johnson R. Freeman's court, merchant (Tere.
Brade W. Preston, liquor merchant (Blake!ock, pler and Co-Jackson T. and W. Liverpool, mere
London-Bryant Il. Norwich, leather cutter (Iar chants (Blacks, Wet, and Bunce, London-Jackson
lor & Co. Loodon-Bradley F. King sticet, Port. J. Duke street, Manchester square, haberdasher
man square, upholder (Vincent-Beattie G. Sal. (Towers-Joy E. Christchurch, fishmonger, (Alien,
ford, dyer (Taylor, Manchester,
London.
Critchley J. Liverpool, merchant (Dacie st John, Kersliaw G. Romford, Essex, shopkeeper (Bad.
London-Coldwell T. S. Norwich, coach.master dely, London-Kilsert R. Bath, linen draper (Jeu).
(Alexander & Holme, New Iun-Clayton J. Stock. kius and Co. London-Kerr W. Sherborn lanc,
port, cotton spinner (Milnc & Parry, London wine merchant (Stokes and Co--Kegg E. Liverpool
Chapman W. Liverpool, hosier (Long & Austen, mariner (Dacie and Co. Temple-Kay T. Bath,
Loudon-Casc G. Devonshire, hop merchant (Ro dealer (Bourdillon and Co. Loudon-Knight A.
Wilson street, Moon fields, calenderer (Gibson.
Ilull, leather seller (Dax, London-Cooper R.
L
Rawrliffe, inalister (Wright & Co. Temple---Cran. Lund and Walsh, Blackburn, cotton mannfacto.
don C. Fenchurch street, merchant (Hutchinson rers (Milne and Parry, London--Lang H. G. and
-Chambers S. Bordsley, Warwick, sword cutler W. Ackerington, callico printers (Avison and
(Bourdillon & Hewett, London--Chilcott T. Bris. Wheeler, London-Lankester B. Blackman street,
tol, broker (Edinunds, London--Copland S. Holt, Borough (Young and Co.-Lamb J. James street,
niller (Withers.
Bedford row, tailor (Lewis-Laughton J. Lirer.
D.
pool, Parthenware dealer (Makinson, Temple
Deakin & Oughton, Birmingham, wire drawers Leigh P. Wheelock, currier (Wilson and Co. Tem.
(Bourdil'on & Co. London-Duke R. Gateshead, ple-Longworth D. Little Lever, bleacher (Adling.
merchant (Bell & Co, London--Dyke R. Bays. ton and Co. London-Lord E. Burnley, cotton
water, jeweller (Hutchinson--- Dauncey T. Catea. spinner, (Ellis, London-Leveridge S. Clapham,
ton street, warehouseman (Lake.
merchant (Eiche and Evans, London.
F.
Fletchay S. Doncaster, baberdasher (Rosscr & Marshall W. South street, Spitalfields, cheese
C.. London-Ficars w. jun. Liverpool, merchant monger (Hutchinson-Marshall II. IIoline, miller,
(Baltye, London--Frears E. Ravenglass, silver. (Rosser and Co. London-- Moss W. Tadley, car.
smith (Gregson & Co. London-Fanshaw II. R. penter (Eyre, London-Montes S. W. Birmingham,
Addle street, trimming maker (Thomas-Fell W. tobacconist (Swin and Co. London-Millichamp F.
Watling street (Courteen & Co.
Aston, malster (Baxter and Bowker London
G.
Murch J. Banwell, tanner, (Pearson, Temple
Gaugain P. J. Church Street, Sohn, jeweller Musgrave J. Ilorsforth. cloth manufacturer, (Wil-
(Hutchinson-Gibbs J. Bridgewater, maltster (Ad- son, London--Morgan, W. Bristol, vool-broker
lington & Co. London-Gregson E. & J. Liver. (Hicks aod Co. London-Millward J. Redditch,
pool, perfumers (Courteen & Co. London-God. needle maker (Long and Co, London--Martin B.
dard 3. Conhill, chart seller (Patterson & Co.- Middlesex street, victualler (Cross--Naithews J.


1819.)
559
Bankrupts-Dividends.
o
Pepn, shoemaker (Bennett and Co. London-Mar. (Wigglesworth and Co. London --Smith T. Worces.
shall G. Bristol, corn factor (Bourdillon and ter, butcher (Fladgato and Co. Londo
Hewitt, London-Mole W. Worcester, and R. Sultcr street, glass blower (Tomson, Ratcliffe-Su-
Locket. Hereford, carriers (Edinuods, London-- therland R. and R. Birmingham, gun makers (va.
Mackenzie C. Caroline street, Bedford row, mer, dal, Webb, and Co.-Sutherland S. South Shields,
shant (Love and Bower.
grocer (Bell and Co London--Siminonds T. Maid.
N
stone, wine merchant (James, London-Sankey N.
Nowell J. Redbridge, Ifants, timber merchant W. Canterbury, brewer (Collett and Co. London
(Hutchinson, London-Nathan S. Chandos street, Sewell S. Aldersgate street, plumber (Long-San-
butcher (L. Norton.
dell W. and J. Newport, brewers (Luxmore Lou.
don--Seller G. Lime Regis, miller (Andros and
Ord R. Deptford, butcher (Price and Co. Anderson London-Smith J. Bristol, tinman (Clark
P
Richards, and Co, London,
Peony M. Shepton Mallet, corn factor (King and
Lukin, London--Peake M. Handsworth, merchant Tadman G. New Kent road, straw hat manufac.
Ilicks and Co. London-Pearly M, Lime street, turer (Courteen and Co-Townend R. and J. R.
square, merchant, (Poole-Perkins T. Chorlton, Fenchurch street, merchants (Hackett.
cotton spinner, (Hurd and Co. London--Pollit R.
Blanchester, calico priater (llurd and Co. London Vandermoolen V. L. Cannon road, dealer (Eyles.
--Pilglase J. Bristol, provision merchant (Adling.
W
ton and Gregory, London-Parker J. Norwich, Willan J. jun. Keuswick, Worcestershire, farmer
bombazine manufacturer (Taylor and Co-Pritch. (Candall and Young, London-Winstanley and
ard ). D. Tinton, draper (Swain and Co. London Crole, Liverpool, auction
Patteson G. Vere street, cora dealer (Lucket.Pea. Bunce, Temple-Wilmott J. Manchester, grocer
cock E. Finchley, victualler (Brewer, London (Perking and Frampton, London--Wrightley B.
Parker W. Toigninouth, inn-keeper (Williams, Lon. Manchester, merchant (Adlington and Gregory,
don-Park R. jun. Portsea, coal merchant (Cope, London-Webb H. Bristol, pump maker (Hicks and
London.
Co. London-Wood and Belwood, Sculcoats, tim-
ber merchants (Sandwith, Hull-Walker J. Harp
Riddall J. Liverpool, merchant (Clarke and Co. Alley, ironmonger (Draper and Bird-Wright B.
London-Riding J. Blackburo, cotton manufactu. Birminghain, victualler (Platt, London-Wick was
ret (Armstrong, London-Rosser J. Wallingford, H. and J. Coltlıorpe mills, paper makers (Hudson,
earpenter (Williams and Co. London-Rufiy J. D. London-Walker W. Norwich, bricklayer (Adling-
Paternoster row, oilmau (Hurst.
ton and Co. London-White J. C. Fenchurch street
S
merchant (Hackett-West J. Richmond, linen dra-
Simpson R. Crown court, Threadneedle street, per (Pickering and Smith, London-Wilson W. R.
merchant (Oakley and Birch Shyon J. Malden, Crown court, Broad street (Birkett-Wilson W.
Essex, wine merchant (Day-Stunt T. Ludgate hill, Gateshead, ship owner (Spence, London.
carpet Manufacturer (Whitton-Smith J. Stamford
street, Blackfriars, horse dealer (Bissett-Simms Yate J. Worcester, leather seller (Platt, London
W. Swinton, coal dealer (Price and Co. London - Young A. Bishop's Wearmouth, ship owner
Stead M. Ludlow, stone mason, (Jenkins, James, (Swaine and Co. London,
and Abbott, London--Stafford J. Scrooby, miller
R.
A
DIVIDENDS.
mont P. Old Broad street, June 00-Coates W.
Arney, G. Bury-street, Juno 29-Andree, D. Skipton, June 9-Cutbush II. & W. Maidstone,
Lothbury, June 26-Anderson, J. R. 1hrogmorton June 09--Collen W. June 26-Cohen B. George
Street, June 89-Amos & Sutherland, St. Helen's street, Minories, July 3-Chivers W. Cominercial
place, July 3-Atkinson J. Aldgate, July 3. soad, Jaly 5--Clcment H. Carter lane, July 10-
Curtis & Griffin, Ludgate bill, July 6-Crowtlier
Bernard J. & C, Manchester, June 1- Begley W. Banner street, July 31-Coulter J. Chatham,
.W.& li. Tivertoo, June 92-Barlow T. sen. East July 20-Clarke F. Coventry street, July 17,
Retford, June 23-Brittons & Hunton, Barowby, Crippen C. Limehouse, July 19.
Junc 92--Bauin J. Drury lane, June 26 - Blun.
D
dell W. Liverpool, June 30.Blurton J. Old Bond Dickens E. Eynsford, Kent, June 19-Durand
street, June 92-Bell J. F. Sculcoates, July 6- J. N. Pentonville, June 26-Dixey E. Oxford
Barton R. Rickmansworth, June 26-Buckett w. street, July 10-Duck worth W. Manchester, June
Neithorp, July - Biddle J. Birmingham, July 3 29-David J. Threadneedle street, July 13-Down.
Bogle sen. Bogle jun. & Scott, Love lane, Juna ing R. Stockport, July 5--Dover J. Burnham,
26--Belt E. Rotheriithe, June 29-Browa & For. July 6--Dantziger A. Change alley, July 6-De.
rester, Savage gardens, July 13_Badderley J. wint H. Stone, July 22--Dawson W. Wetherby,
Nottingham, June 30--Barton A. Bristol, July 18 July 21.
--Burges G. Manchester, July 5- Burn W. & R.
Exeter, June 16-Brown J. jun. Rodborough, Fothergill J. Newcastle upon Tyne, June 15
Jane 20-Brook J. Huddersfield, July 9-Bradley Frost J. St. Alban's, June 26--Flower & Maine
Q. Houndsditch, July 20- Bass J. Castle lun, waring, Chancery lane, June 29-Furnival S. Li-
Wood Street, July 13-Bacon & Wilkin, Laver. verpool, June 29-Ford H. Portsmouth, July 5-
ham, July 16---Barrett W. Broad street, July 10 Fleming T. Liverpool, July 30.
Baylis C. W, Birminghain, July 10-Burraston W.
July 12-Barnber J. Liverpool, July 15.
Gooch W. Bury St. Edmund's, June 25-Geo
W. Leeds, hosier, June 45-Garratt R. Speedhan
Cowen G. Great Prescot street, May 60-Can. Land, June 30---Gieprie, Glonnie & Fry, New


500
(July 1,
Agricultural Report.
Broad street, June 26- odwin D. juo, Newport,
June 30-Geraon & Goujohn, Fenchurch street,
July 10_Gregory R. Oid Jewry, July 10-Gleday
J. Red Lion street, July 10.
Howard R. iun. Woolwich, Aug. 14-Ilandley
W. Stretton en le-bield, June 19-Harvey R. Ox•
ford street, June 19-Holland c. Lambeth, June
99-Holms T. Long nere, June 29-Hart J.South.
ampton, June 29- Herbert T. Hanway street,
July 3-Hockey J. Langum, July 5-Hodgson W.
Playhouse yard, July 3-Iliggins J. Chipping Nor.
ton, July 3-Haggerty P. Goodman's stile, White.
shaeel. July 3-Hussall S. Bechton, July 7
Hambidge J. Stow, July 6-Hasluck, R. Philadel.
phia, July 10-Hurren J. Cratfield, July 10-
Hudson E. Gibraltar, July 17.
June 15--Powell T. Leominster, Jone 2!--Palyait,
J. Fenchurch street, June 19-Paterson M. ilalifax,
June 99--Pocock J. Southampton, June 30. Place
H. R. Lime street, June 29--Prest & Woolner,
Lawrence Pountney lane, July 3.-Potts R Hol.
born Hill, July 13- Patterson & Nicol, Harrow
road, July 10 - Parke J. & F. P. Manchester,
July 29.
R
Reed & IIoward, St. Swither's lane, June 15-
Richards G. Sherard street, June 15—Resdall M.
& T. Liverpool, June 16-Rose J. W. Bishopsgate
street, June 26-Royston W. E. West Leigh, J028
23-Rainy R. Size lanc, June 26-Randall w. Hil.
torn, July 3-Ridsdale E. Leeds, & W. Hamilton,
Finsbury placo, June 29 - Roberts J. Wood street,
June 15-Roome B. Carter lane, July 13-Reed &
Howard, St. Swithen's lane, June 22-Ratras J.
Finch lane, July 13.
Inglis J. Billiter square, June 29.
M
Jones L. St. Paul's Church yard, Juno 19. July Sewell R. Piccadilly, June 5–Swan W. Liver.
3-Jackson C. Upper Thames street, July 10 --Jor. pool, June 17-Stockhamn W. Bristol, July 6_Soul
dan W. Barnwood, July 13-Jackson W. Hadley, ten E. Snow hill, June 12-Surr J. Aldersgate
July 22.
street, June 19-Sundius C. Devonshire square,
K
June 5-Smith R. Pontefract, June 26-Scbofield J.
Knight J: Castle Cary, July 12.
Blackney book, June 30-Stead T.JBlackfriars road,
L
June 26-Smith T. Austinfriars, June 19-Sheaths,
* Leeming R, Wray, Lancashire, June 15--Latham Steel, & Wray, Liocolo, June 29-Scott B. Hora.
& Parry, Devonshire square, June 18-Long & Tel. castle, Jupe 29—Scott S. Thirnbloby. June 29-
toe, Great Tower street, June 25-Lloyd W. sen. & Steward T. Birchin lane, Dec. 18 Simpson G.
jun. Peckham, June 29-Law W. Copthall chan. Grosvenor street, June 22-Smith W. Stone, Juls
bers, June 29-Lomas J. Fetter lane, June 29 21-Smiggs J, W, Lime street, July 10_Stanstle A.
Laing G. City road, July 18–Lancaster T. J. Ca- Birmingham, July 13-Sutton, D. jun. Brightlinge
teaton street, July 13-Long W. York, July 12- sea, July 24.
Lear F. Strand, July 6-Lean J. H. Fenchurch
street, June 26–Lloyd W. jun. Thames street, Tootal J. B. Minories, June 19-Timothy W.
July 13.
Leigh, June 25 Toy T. Pearyn, June 26 & July
13--Taylor J. Cheapaide, June 26-Taylor J. East
Mackintosh E. Haymarket, June 19-Macklin J. Sinithfield, Juno 26Tory E. Southamptos, July 9
Cheapside, June 26 - Machiu & Burton, Great - Taylor S. Oxenden street, June 12-Thomas J.
Guildford street, Surrey, June 19-Moreton C, Bristol, June 30-Tongue R. Arnold, July 6
Croydon, June 26–Moat T. Cheapside, June 29- Thomas P. Milk street, Joly 10--Taylor, J. sep
Merac T. & M. P. L. Queen square, June 29- Old Street, July 6-Taylor J. & J.T. Thames at.
M'Kenzie W. St. Paul's, Corent garden, June 10 & July 31.
26-Mathieson & Kaprack, Bishopsgate street,
June 29 - Macdonnel & Bushel, Broad street, June Winship T. Mount Greenwich, Durham, June
20_Morrall and Borland, Liverpool, June 30, 15-Wallace W. Workington, June 15-Wise J, B.
Mansell T. Pembroke, July 18-Mayhew J. jun. Taplow Mills, June 26-Worthington R. Preston,
$t. Osyth, Essex, July 10-Middleton R. D. Bishops. June 28 West . Feversham, June 29-Wardle
gate street, July 10–Mair T. Broad street, July 17. G. & F. Allhallows wharf, July 10-Wilks J.
N
Finsbury Square, July 13_Wilkerson J. Barley,
Neat w. Sweeting's alley, June 25—Noble M. Herts, July 10-Whitehead J. Cateaton street,
Battersea, June 19-North G. Brecknock, Julys July 18--Walter R. jun. Croydon, July 13-White
Norrisou J. Rudston, July 12-Norris T. Corchill, & French, Devonshire street, July 10 Wilson J.
July 10.
H. Pimlico, July 27 - Watts & Rigby, Oldham
July 30-Wilkinson G. Suttop-under-Whitestone
Oakley T. P. Ealing, July 20-Oldacres W. Les cliff, July 15.
Qrange, July 10.
Younger J. Minories, June 26.
Parker W. Whitechapel, June 1- Phelan R. Bath,
sind
Y
. Co AGRICULTURAL REPORT.
THE continuance of showery weather at the beginning of the last month has pushed
forward the most early and luxuriant vegetation ever known in this Island within the
recollection of the oldest inhabitant. It is not one species of crop or product, or one
particular soil that is so laden with abundance, but that of every kind. It cannot be said
this year, that the sands or the clays have it, for they both have an uncommon burden of *
every species of crop.
The young wheats have blossomed kindly, and considering their very great bulk, ara :
but very little down. Many fields, if the weather continues bright, will be ready for the
sickle by the middle of this month. Nearly a month earlier than what is called a forward.
barvest. . . so


1819.)
Digest of Political Events.
that were sell own have shot inte
be ripe in few days.
ssomed thickend more kindly
501
Barley is a very large crop, and many breadths that were sellow
ear so early, as to be at this time in red row, and some will be ripe in
Oats are equally as great a crop, and in as forward a state.
Beans, Peas, and all the leguminous class have biossomed thicker
than ever known. No fly to be seen even in the closest situation.
The dry warm weather at the latter end of the last month, has enabled
secure the most abundant and early hay crop this island ever produced. farmer to
The pastures are fuller of grass upon all soils than is customary at Midsumi.
The Apple trees are loaded with fruit throughout the cyder counties, m.
numerous than was ever recollected by the oldest person. It is impossible for themore
bear their rich burdens without props. Last year produced a great crop ; but loto
compared to this. It is not apple tres alone, but every species of iruit bearing trete
is so richly laden with fruit, with the exception of a very few narrow strips across
country which in some exposed situations in a north western direction, were a little affects
by frost. Upon the whole, this may be recorded as the most promising season ever know
in Britain.
DIGEST OF POLITICAL EVENTS.
THE political situation of England was the object for which they were un.
at this crisis demands our most serious derstood to have been called. As this
consideration. To form a just estimate was lost sight of amidst the verbiage of
of the times, it ought to be every man's the orators, we will briefly state what
duty to keep his mind unprejudiced, the real object of those who called the
neither warped by the representations of meetings, (more particularly that of
party men, or by the idle rumours and Glasgow,) was. It was to petition the
reports industriously circulated by the Prince Regent to grant the spare hands
interested speculator, or the hot headed of the trade the means of reaching our
politician. if at any period a unanimity North American colonies, together with
of sentiment is desirable, it is at present, the means of support for one year after
when by the wisdom of the legislature, their arrival ; which money advanced
we are surmounting the difficulties they preposed to repay by annual rem
brought upon us by the late war, and mittances of produce. This was not
are looking forward with confidence to unreasonable, and so far has our fullest
better times. We would not tor a mo- approbation.
ment deny, that while the nation is thus But what was the consequence, and
righting itself, some very considerable what the fate of the resolution ?-it was
inconveniences may be experienced, which immediately got rid of by an amendment
it is not in the power of government in favour of Universal Suffrage and
either to guard against or to relieve when Annual Parliaments. The original
they occur.
resolution not being suficiently strong
But at the same time we are convinced and inflainmitory.
that if those temporary distresses had The most remarkable featu - in the
not been made use of as a pretext by occurrences in the House of Commons
artful and designing men for raising the has been the discussions on the subject
labouring classes of society into acts of of breach of privilege, a subject which has
riot, we should not have had to record more than once gone far towards setting
such disgraceful scenes as hare lately this kingdoin in a ferment. They were
been witnessed at Glasgow, Hunslet occasioned by a speech of Mr. Canning
Moor, &c.
in laying before the House a Times
The proceedings of those meetings are Nenspaper, containing what he stated to
already before the public, and they serve be a gross misrepresentation. The pro.
but to confirm us more and more in the ceedings upon this occasion furnish
opinion, that no set of men are more patter for deep reflection.
cold and callous to the real distresses We would be the last to countenance
of the poor than the thorough-paced any dangerous or improper infringement
reformers.
upon these privileges, or degrade the
Their object is not to relieve, but to House in the estimation of the country,
aggravate distress -- not to soothe, but by holding up its procecdings in a way
to infiame – not to seek redress by legal calculated to lower them to the familia-
constitutional means, but to induce re- rity of the rabble. But we cannot re. *
bellion and revolution. At these meet- frain from saying, that none of these
ings the only business not discussed, effects are likely to flow from candid, -
New MONTHLY MAG.-No. 66,
VOL. XI, 4 C
-
--


1819.)
563
Digest of Political Events.
be taxed are - British Spirits, 500,0001.; “ The said commissioners, chief clerk,
Tobacco, 500,0001.; Coffee and Cucoa, and other officers, to take no fee, money,
130,0001.; Tea, - 133,0001.; Pepper,
gratuity or reward, from any suitor.; nor
30,000l. In looking at the above list,
shall any part of the proceedings be liable
we cannot help making the remark, that,
to stamp or other duty whal ver.
with the excepiion of tea and coffee,
“Any jerson in custody ior debt for four-
teen days, may aj ply for their discharge.
and the trifiing article pepper, the ex-
The petition to contain a schedule of their
clusive burthen will be burne by the
debts, as well as effects real and personal,
labouring classes of the community. in possession, riprsion, or expectancy.
These resolutions, with some little « In case any person shall have been in
modification in passing before the custody on mesne process ior nine months,
House, were carried by a considerable without claiming the benefit of this Act, or
majoritv.
shall have been charged in execution upon
'The House was principally occupied. a judgment, it shall he lawful for any one
during the 12th and 13th, upon the sub-
creditor, to the amount of - pounds, or
jert of breach of privileges ; as we have
for any two to the amount of —, to apply
by pelition to the said Court; and such
given our opinion on this subject in the
prisoner shall be compelled to surrender his
early part of our review of political
or her property or the benefit of all the
erents, we shall not revert to it again.
creditors ; and the same fornis and condi-
Lord Castlereagh brought up certain tions shall be observed as in the case of a
papers relative to the cession of Parga, voluntary application for reliei. In case
which had been moved for. This affords any person shall refuse to deliver such sche-
us another opportunity of remarking the dule of their effects, &c. the Court shall be
inconsistency in the conduct of the op- empowered to in prison them in the common
position, who are constantly crying out
gaol, or house of correction, there to he
for retrenchment, and in the present
kept to hard labour, until he shall submit
case retrenchment is intended by minis-
himself to the said Court.
« All the estate of a prisoner shall be
ters, when they resist it.
vested in the provisional assignee; an al-
In a short discussion on the 16th,
lowance to be made by such assignee for the
upon the third reading of the Loan Bill, support of the prisoner.- Notice of the pe-
the Chancellor of the Exchequer c0n- titions being filed to be inserted in the Lon.
firmed the statement made in the House don Gazette, and two other nervepapers, and
on the 15 h, that ministers would not a day appointed tor the creditors to appear
have occasion to raise any loan next before one of the said commissioners, within
year, and that any advance that might one calendar month, to prove their respec-
be required in future years, might, he tive debts, and to choose an assignee or as-
trusted, be provided for otherwise than
T'he commissioners to be authorised to
by a loan.
Mr. Peel brought in a bill for restrict-
compel witnesses to attend to prove or dis-
prove debts, and examine them on oath, and
ing the advances of the Bank to govern-
allow or disallow; claims noi satisfactorily
ment, unless directly authorised by Par-
proved, an appeal to be from the decision
liament.
of one commissioner to the Court, which
The Foreign Enlistinent Bill was shall finally determine the same. And in
read a third time, and committed on the case a creditor shail seglect to prove his
21st.
debt, he shall for ever be debarred from re-
The Insolvent Debtors' Bill was covering the saine.
read a third time on the 22d, and
“ The provisional assignee shall make
after two or three clauses being added
over to the assignees chosen by the creditors
by way of riders, it was passed, of which
all the estate and effects of the prisoner.
the following is an abstract:--
The latter to he authorised to sue for and
.
recover the debts, to mal:e sale of all the
" It authorises his Majesty to appoint etfccts; and at the end of three months
three barristers of six years' standing, at the make a dividende
least, to be commissioners for the relief of “On the figal examination of a prisoner,
Insolrent Debtors. It is to be a Ccurt of creditors whose debts have been allowed
Record. The commissioners are to appoint may pot quiestions to him touching the mat-
a chief clerk, four assistant clerks, and a ter in his petition, and such other matters
- provisional assignee; they shall have power as the Court shail judge to be fit and pro-
to compel the alter:dance of witresses, the per to erquire into. If the prisoner shall
- production of books, papers, and writings, answer satistactorily, the Court shall order
and of committing for contempt; as well as his discharge at the end of six months from
of fining their officers for negligence or the date of his commitment. If the opposi-
tion shall be deemed frivolous and vexati-
signees.
delay.


566
(July 1,
Berkshire.
Anstey House, Hants.-At St. George's, E. H. Lechmere, esg, to the Hon. Maria
Hanover-square, John Whyte Melville, Esq. Clara Murray, second daughter of the late
of Mount Melville, in Fiteshire, to Lady D. Murray, Esq.-Mr. W. Y. Alban, of
Catharine Osborne, only daughter of the Lincoln 's-inn, solicitor, to Aune, eldest
Duchess Dowager of Leeds.--- At St. daughier of John Benbow, Esq. of Meck-
Mary-le-bonne Church, G. Matcham Tarle lenburgh-square. At the house of the Earl
ton, Esq. of the 6th regiment of foot, to of Seiton, 'Charles Pascoe Grenfell, Esq.
Louisa, youngest daughter of the late Geo. to the Right Hon. Georgiana Isabela
Best. Eso. of Chilston Park.- At St. James's Molyneux, eldest daughter of the Rugbt
Church.'the Rev. John Earle Welby, son Hon. the Earl of Sefton.
of the late Sir William Earle Welby, Bart. Died. - At Upper Edmonton, Marga-
of Danton Hall, Lincolnshire, to Felicia ret, relict of the Rev. Dr. Lloyd, of Lyde.
Eliza, only daughter of the late Rev. H. A. - At Elstree, Middlesex, Mr. Wm. Phip
Holl.–At St. Andrew's, Holborn, David pen, 74.-At Romney Terrace, Westmit-
Carruthers, Esy. Assistant Commissary ster, J. Moser, esq. late magistrate of the
General to the Forces, to Sarah, only daugh- police office, Worship-street-lo York
ter of John Proctor, Esq. of Grandra House street, St. James's-square, Lady Asgill, wife
Monmouthshire.-S. Milnes, Esq. Hunter- of Gen. Sir C. Asgil, bart.-The Rev. R.
street. Brunswick-square, to Mary Sophia, Caddick, D.D. lale of Whiteball, and of
eldest daughter of James Millns, Esq. Caddick Lodge, Fulham.-At Fulham, Ma-
Windsor.- Benjamin Burton, Esq. second rianne, eldest daughter of J. Bowden, egg.
son of the late Sir Charles Burton, Bart. 19.-In Hampton Court Palace, Catherine,
of Pollerton, Carlow, Ireland, to Ann Grace, relict of the late C. Chester, esq. 78.- Mrs.
only daughter of William Roberts, Esq. of A. Porter, of New North-sireet, Red Lios-
Gloucester-place.-Chandos Leigh, Esq. square, 85.-J. Shallis, esq. of Clerkenwall,
only son of Janies Henry Leigh, Esq. M. P. 78.-lo Sackville-street, the lady of Lieul.
of 'Stoneleigh Abbey, Warwickshire, to R. Hardinge, royal horse artifiery.-Eliza-
Miss Willes, eldest daughter of the Rev. W. beth, eldest daughter of the late J. H.
S. Willes, of Astrop-Ilouse. - At Lambeth Wackerbarth, esq. of Parsop-street, 18.-
Church, Griffith Williams, Esq. of Celn, In Bedford-row, Mr. W. Cristell.-In Por-
in the county of Anglesea, lo Ann, youngest tugal-street, J. Stratton, esq. of Farthingtoe
daughter of Henry Norton Willis, Esq. of Lodge, Northamptonshire, and Hawling, in
Kennington Palace, and of Sunning Hill, Gloucestershire, 38.-S. Newmen, esy, of
Berkshire. --At Fulham Church, Mr. H. B. Sion College-gardens.--At Kentish Town,
Elwell, of Staffordshire, to Hephzibah C. Wyatt, esq. of Bedford-row.-G. Os
Eden, third daughter of R. Smith, Esq.- wald, esq. late in the civil service of the
At St. James's church, the Rev. J. Gibson, Hon. East India Company.-The Rev. T.
rector of Worlington, in the county of Sula G. Clare, B.D. rector of St. Andrew's, Hole
folk, to Mary Elizabeth, second daugliter born, and of Walmer, in Kent-át bis
to J. Phillips, esq. ot Pall-Mall.-The Rev. house in Queen Ann-street, West, Lieut
G. T. Andrewse, only son of the Dean of Gen. Sir J. Campbeli, of Inverneil, bart.
Canterbury, to Elizabeth Catherine, eldest G.C.H. and K. S. F.-Jo Chester-street,
daughter of Dr, Heberden, of Upper Brouk- Grosvenor-place, Hon. Arabella St. John,
street.At St. George's. Hanover-square, wife to Gen. the Hon. F. St. John, and sis.
the Rt. Hon. Lord Rossmore, to the Right ter to the Earl of Craven.-lo Bedford
lion. Lady Augusta Charteris, youngest square, P. Dauncey, esq. king's counsel, 52.
daughter of the late Lord Elcho, and sister -At his residence, Charlotte-street, Black.
to die Earl of Wemyss and March.--Nir. friars-road, W. Wallis, esq. 82 - In Pori-
H. C. Field, surgeon, of Newgate-street, land-place, William, fourth son of J.Vivian,
to Anne Sophia, eldest daughter of the late esq.-At his house in Hans-place, Sir J.
Mr. T. Gwinnell, merchant, of Worcester. Morris, bart of Clasemont.- Eldred John,
At Hampstead, Frederick Albert Winsor, son of the Rev. J. Addison, rector of Icken-
jun. esq. of shooter's Hill, to Catherine, eld- ham, Middlesex.--At Hanwell, Middleser,
est danghter of J. Hunter, esq of Bruns- Julia Henrietta, widow of the late Hon. and
tick-square.At St. Clement Danes, P. Rev. H. J. de Salis, D.D. count of the Holy
Cosgreave, M. D. to Maria, eldest daughter Roman Empire.
· of the late Mr. J. Ford, of the Strand,
PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES
IN THE COUNTIES OF ENGLAND, ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY.
BERKSHIRE.
tlemen of the committee celebrated the event
The first stone of the Reading Gas works by dining together at the Upper Ship inn.
was laid by Alderman Annesley. The gena As the bill for erecting a new bridge at


563
[July 1,
Cumberland---Derby--- Devon---Dorset---Durhain.
that garrison-At Truro, Mrs. Edwards, wife of J. sown since the spring of 1818) is likely to
E.-At West Look, 79, M. J. Tcms.
exceed that quantity.
CUMBERLAND.
Upwards of 20,0001. have been subscribed,
Married] At Carlisle, M.J. Gredily, to Miss and the funds are weekly increasing, far the
Jane Graham-At Calcheck, Mr. T. Robinson, to purpose of making an iron rail road from
Brs. Scott, of Beck Stones-At Whitehaven, Mr.
Whitehaven. Mr. Dartmuor prisons to Plymouth harbour.
J Samoson. to Miss E. Hal-Al Keighley. Mr. W. Births.) At Plymouth, the lady of the key. J.
Bradley, of Halifax, to Mrs. Allen, widow of the Meade, of Norton St. Philip, of a 300-Mis R.
Late Mr. J. A.-J. Thoinlinson, to J Suowdon-J. Day, of East Brent, of a 300-Ofiwin daughters, the
Henry, to F. Oliphant-At St Cutbert's, E. Rust, to lady of E. Coles, esq. cierk of the peace for this
Bary Hutton-R. Robinson, to Ann Jackson county-Al Stonehouse, near Flyinouth, the lady
At Penrith. J. Connell, esq. of Carlisle, to Elize of Sir J. Gordon Sinclair, of a daughter-The la
beth, only daughter of M. Harrison, esqof Pen of T Floud, esq mayor of Exeter, of a daughter.
rith-aft Stanwix church. J. Goody, esq. of kendal, Married.) At Plymouth, Mr. G Dak, dissent.
to vis. Bonsfield--Al Crosscannonhv, Mr. Tyson, ing minister, to Sophia Gardner Soadby, only
attorney, of Ulverston, to Miss Wilds, of May. daughter of W. Soadby, esg. of East Loop-Wr. S.
port-Al Fail, Mr. W. Bragg, to Miss Isabella Treeby, merchant, to Miss Mary Oake, daughter of
Taylor-At Appleby, Mr. J. Brogden, to Miss Isa. E. Oake, esq-At St. Mary le bone, the Rev. R.
Bella Taylor, of Arplcbg-Cast. R. Bell, of Mary. P. Carrington, lector of Bridford, Devon, to Ca-
port. to Miss Jane Foll, daugliter of Mr. J. Feil, milla Anne, only daughter of W Adair, esq. of
of Bank End-At Workington, J. Whiteside, esq. Great Cumberland-place-Al Sidmouth, tha Rer.
to Mrs. Catherine IIastou --At Penrith, Wm. Laa. J. H. Bradney, of Hurcot, to Elizabeth, the eldest
caster, to Miss Elizabeth Thatcher--At Nether. daughter of R. Kekewich, esq. of Sidmouth-At
Denton. Mr. T. Hoinies, of Cleugh-head, to Miss Sl. Sidwell's Church, the Rey. W. Cookson, rector
Aun Waugli, of Low Vouscs-At Wortelaven, of Hungerford, to Mary, se ond daughter of J.
Col. w Nicholson, to Miss Sarah Mitchell-Mr. Nrave, psg. of Exeter-At Erraington. Mr. Wall
R. White, to Miss Mary Pratt-At Bridekirk, Mr. ing, to Miss L. Brutton-R. Tyser, esg, M.D. of
1 Dalton, of Eag'estield, to Miss Palmer, of Great Tiverton, to Arabella Maria, only daughter of the
Broughton
late P. Bayley, esq. of Nantwich, Cheshire-At
Died.1 At Carlisle, at the Rev S Ilartley's, Dawlish, by the Rev. C. 0. Osmoud, G. Gardiner,
Mr. Fleming, of Uiswick, Lancashire, 73-Mr J. to. Aune, fifth daughter of the late J. Dj
Bell, of Cummersdale-Al Natland Cottage, neas es.--At Salcombe, Capt. Armytage of th- Cold.
Kendal. 54. J. Morlaod, c99. Jate of Capplethwaite Stream Guards, to Charlotte Le Gendre Slaikie.
Ball-The Rev. T. Ilayes, vicar of St Oswald's, only daughter of the late L G. Starkip, esa of
Duiliani-At Stanfordham, Mury, the wiſe of Mr. Suatroyd. Lancashire-l. F. Lockyer, esq. of
kivitou. Wm. Birt whistle, esq. 80,
esq. 80, Plymouth, to Ange Elizabeth, eldest daughter of
Plymouth, to Anne
major in the Craven Volunteer Infantry -- At Brow, the lake Wm. Curry, esq. of Southampton.
Mr. O. Davidson), 19-At Peorith. Mary Wright, Dicd.) At Ridgway, near Plymouth, G. Salton,
31; Isabella Stewart, At Lilly Hall, Mr. T. esq. 45-leury, only child of J. Wapshare, esg, of
Mouusev. 23 At Gosforth, Mrs. J.Jackson), widow, Downton--At Exeter, the Rev. L. Williams, 37
76-AlGreysouthen, R. Bell, 71--Mrs. Elizabeth years vicar of Whitchurch-Capt. J. Hawkins,
Walker, of Whitehaven, 39-At Egremoni, J. P. paymaster in the South Devon Militia-Al Ash.
Paumier, 11, eldest son of Col. M. Paumer. burton, Mr. S. Tozer, attorney al law-At Broad.
DERBYSHIRE.
clist, near Exeter, the Rev. M. Barton-At Exé.
ter the Rev. R liemonger, vicar of Wherwell,
Clerical Industry.--A venerable minister
Ilants, 40-- At his seat, at Dartington. 50, Arthur
of the establishment, in Derbyshire, walked
Champernowpe, esq-The lady of E. Eyre, esq. of
24 miles. did duty at three churches, by Lansdowne Crescent, Batlı- At Mootrath, L.
Teading prayers and preaching four times; Walrond, esq. eldest son of the late J Lyous Wal.
he also baptized an infant, and churched rond, 639.-At Sidmouth, Col. Garnett Walshan,
the mother; published the banns of one of kuill Courl, Hereford, 48
couple, married another, and interred a
DORSETSHIRE.
corpse. He is seventy years of age !
Births.) At Weymonth, the lady of Col.
Married.1 At Saint Alkmund's Church, Derby, llorner. of Melis Park, of a son-At Lackhan
G. Lowe, esq. to Martha, only daughter of the
House, the lady of Lieut. Col. Tufnell, of a son,
Inte Mr. E. Chamberla!).-At Church Broughton,
-The lady of the Rev. W. Macdonald, vicar of Bi-
Mr. H. Jackson, of Turbury, to Miss Sophia Chaw.
shop's Cagnings, of a son,
per, ot Lees Hall-J. Gialam, esq. of Chesterfield,
Married Al St. Lubn's Church. Mr. J. Bart
to Miss Lucas, second daughter of the late T.
Jert, of Wesmouth, to Miss lane llunter-At St.
Lucas, esq.
Philip's, by the Rev. Mr. Pay. Mr. W. Jones, to
Dica.] At Hartshorne, Derbyshire, J. Taylor,
Niss Harriot Flo d. eldest daughter of Mr. T.
esq. 44-At Brampton, Isabella youngest daughter
Flood, brandy merrhaut--At St. Michael's, the
et A. Radtord, esq. of Stoney Middleton-Gen.
Rev. R Bickell, to Eiza, daughter of the late
G. Garth, colonel of the both regiment of foot
I. Andersom, esq. of Clifford's, in the island of
Ms. J. Biagham, of Derby.
Iamaica.
DEVONSHIRE.
• Died. At Dorchester, at a very adranced ager,
• There is now growing on a part of the Mrs. Bristrd, widow of the Rev. N. Bristej, for.
glebe lands, at l'plowman, in Devonshire, a merly vicar of this town, rector of Slourton Caus-
most promising crop of barley, nearly in dle, &e.
full ear! The same field, last year, pro-
DURHAD.
duced somewhat more than thirty bushels Married.) 1. llawks, csg. of Gate bead, to
of barley per acre ; and the present spon. Frunces Jane, eldest daughter of the late Wm.
laneous crop (for the ground has not been awks, jun. esq.- Fraucis Bellow, esq. of the na.


1819.)
Gloucestershire--Hampshire-Herefordshire-Kent.
571
CARE
KET
tive infantry, to Ann, only daughter of the late Prebendary of Ely Cathedral, and rector of Cois
S. Temple esq. of Hylton Castle.
tenham, in Cambridgeshire.
Births) Al Halston, the lady of P. Vyvyan Ro-
HAMPSHIRE.
binsou, e q. of Nansloe, Cornwall, of a daughter--
At Toppesfield Reitory, Mis. Lewis Way, of a An experiment was made in Portsmouth
daughter-Ai Debden Hall, Mrs. W. Campbell, of harbour on Wednesday last, of the ma-
& still-born child.
chinery for propelling ships in a calm, the
Morried ] James, second son of J Thurtell, invention of Lieut. Burton, R. N. which has
esq. of Bradwell, near Yarmouth, to Sarahı, second been fitted on board his Majesty's ship,
daughter of Mr. D. Holt, of Lexden-At West Active, Capt. Sir J. Gordon, K. C. B. when
Ham, R. Keruison, esq. of Panxworth, to Miss A.
it was found to answer the intended purpose
M. Dawson, of Stratford-W. R. Robinsou, esg. of
extremely well, and it is likely to prove of
Walthamstow, to Jane, fourth daughter of Thos.
Maltbs, esq.-Mr. R. Torner, of the Hythe Farm, great utility. The weather was moderate
Little Baidfield. to Julia, second daughter of w. at the time of the trial, and the ship was
Davies, agg. of Riadwruter 11all --At Bugntlingsea, moved through the water at the rate of
Lieut. G. Beazley, RN to Mise Fletcher, only nearly three miles an hour, against the tide,
daughter of Mr. Fletcher, Mr. W Burbidge, mer. which was running at the rate of about half
chant, of London. to Elizabeth Mary, daughter of
hter of
a mile an hour.
a mile an hour. It is calculated that in
It is calculated that in
the Rev. W. Ei ratt, late curate of Great Ilalling places where there is little or no tide, ships,
hury-I. Leader, esqof Queodun, to Elizabeth,
may be propelled by this machinery at least
second daughter of W. Williainson, esq. of Bunt-
five miles an hour.
ingford, Herts -At Uarwich, Capt. Cust, of the
Birth.] The lady of Captain Shakespear, of
31st regt. to Miss Ward, daughter of the late Col.
Ward, of the East India Service George, youngest
Exton, of a son.
Married. At Boldre Church, in the New
son of I. Clarke, esq. of Wanstead, to Sarah, eldest
Forest, H. Ilayter, esq. of Eden Vale, Wiltshire,
daughter of A. Bryson, esq. of Snaresbrook house.
to Eliza Jane, youngest daughter of the late J.
Died. At Beverley Collage, Colchesier, 65,
Ilaylyn, esq. of Highbury Terrace, Middlesex
Lieut. Col. E. Harris, of the Honourable East
At Whitchurch, Randle Woodfield, esq. of Wel.
India Company's service.- At Colchester, 30,
lington Cross, lo Miss Martha Mullenor, of Steel
Randolph, Oh son of the late T. Baines, of Hal.
-F. Morgan, esq. of Midlington-place, to Louisa
stead-Mrs. Manning, of Woolverstone, 30-Mrs.
Oddy, wife of Mr. J. o. of Stock-At Great
Grenfell, 2d daughter of the late W. G. Lobb, esq.
Commissioner R. N.-G. M. Tarleton, esq. of 6th
Chesterford, Mrs. Cottingham, wife of Mr. R. C.
Mrs. Brown, wife of Mr. J. B. of Great Bar.
foot, to Louisa, daughter of the late G. Best, esq.
of Chilston.park
field, 23.-At Leyton, Mrs. Hibbert, 74-Mary,
Died ] At her seat, Highfield-park, the Right
wife of s Chamberlayne, esq. of Ryes, and only
Hon. Lady Pitt, relict of the late General, the
daughter of the late W. Brockett, of Spains Hall
Right Hon. Sir W. A. Pitt, K. B.-The Rev. R.
T. Leader, esq. of Broxied-Mr. F. Tomlinson, of
Iremonger, Vicar of Wherwell, near Andoves-At
Maldon, 3d son of the late J. T. esq.
Winchester, 22, Lieut. II. M.Dermott, of the 9th
GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
regt. of foot, second son of Lieut. Col. M'Dermott,
of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst-J. D.
Birth.) At Pucklechuich, the lady of the Penleaze, esq. of High Cliff House, near Christ.
Rev. George Crabbe, of a son.
church.
Married. At Haresfield, Baron Charles Philip
HEREFORDSHIRE. *
de Thierry, of St. George's, Hanover-square, Mid.
dlesex, to Emily Rudge - The Rev. John Ford, of
Married.) At Byford, near Hereford, Lieut,
era of
Eastington, to Caroline Rudge; both daughters of
J. W. Stiles, R. N. to Sarah Fowler, youngest
the Rev. Archdeacon Rudge-At Ashchurch,
daughter of the Rev. L. Maxey, rector of that
near Tewkesbury, Mr. T. Hobbs, of Natton, to
place-At Puddlestope, J. Beresford Turner, esu.
Miss Davidson, of kiddington-Michael Corbett,
of Miles Hope, of Middlestone, to Miss M. Collins,
esq. of Lower Quinton, to Elizabeth, youngest
of Brockinanton Uall-R. H. Symons, esq. Meend
o
daughter of the late Mr. Robert Arkell, of White
Park, to J. D. Tolson, daughter of R. H. Tolson,
tington-court-At Lingridge, Mr. Henry Adams,
esq. Woodland Lodge, Somersetshire-Lieut. E.
to Miss Jennings, oply daughter of Mr. John Jer Daxey, R. N. of Byford, to Eliza Hells, second
nings, of the former place-Mr. Thomas Jennings,
daughter of the late R. Haslefoot, esq. Boreham,
to Miss Ann Medlicott-At All Saints, Gloucester,
Essex-At St. Peter's, Hereford, Mr. C. Lloyd, of
Mr. Walter, to Miss Jones -At Thornbury, Tho.
Hanley-court, to C. Poyntz, third daughter of Mr.
Gwynn, esq. to Margaret, eldest daughter of the
M. P. Matthews, woolstapier, of Hereford-At
late Obed Thurston-Mr. Thomas Freer, of Weed. Foy, J. IIarris, esq. of Hereford, to Frances, fifth
Jey, to Miss Sarah Gwinnett, second daughter of daughter of the late Rev. J. Jones, of Foy.
Mr. P. Gwinnett, of Bishop's Cleve.
Died.) At Ross, 68, Mr. R. Cotes, formerly of
Died.) At Gloucester, Mrs. Selwyn, widow of Dormington Court, in the county of Hereford
H. C. S. esg. Jieut..covernor of the island of Mrs. Cox, late of Hereford, 33-a Hereford, tho
Montserrat-At Cheltenham, Mrs. Snell, relict of Rev. R. Underwood, rector of St. Nicholas, Vicar
P. S. esq. of Whitley Court-Mrs. Brunt of Cross of St. John the Baptist, and custos of the col
Street, Tenbury-Mr. Robert Whittall, of the of Vicars Choral, 75-Mary, wife af J. F. Mason,
Heath, near Tepbury-Joseph Williams, esq. late
alate esq. of Aldenham Lodge.
esq. Of A
of Moat Court, Malvern, 83-AL Holly Cottage,
KENT.
Cheltenhanı, Thomas Entwistle, esq. father to the
· A head of brocoli was cut in the garden
lady of T. Coults, esq. banker, London-At Nor.
of Mr. Fisher, of the turnpike-gate on the
folk-buildings, Gloucester, Mrs. Howell, 62, widow
of the Rev. J. II. 33 years rector of Clutton-At
At Ashford road, near Maidstone, the weight
uis residence in Cheltenbam, Thomas Holl, esq. of which was 10lbs. in circumference, it
63-At Cheltenham, the Rev. Dr. Ward, senior measured 20 inches, and it was 29 incha
New MONTHLY MAG.No. 66. VOL. XI, 4 D


1819.)
577
Ireland.
district of Ireland, of a sod-At Newbattle Manse, trim, 11. Cornelius, jun. esq. of Montrath, Queen's
Mrs. Thomson, of a son-At Gardiner's row, the County, to Ellen, daugliter of A. Fitzgerald, esq.
Hon. Mis. Browne, of Brown hill, Carlow, of of Castletown-J. R. Barry, esq. of Dogoughmoje,
son-In Upper Merrion street, Mrs. Wni. M'Caus. to Anp, relict
to Ano, relict of the late J. Stack, esq. of Cork
land, of a daughter-1a Temple street, the lady of John Marshall, esq. captain in the gist regiment, to
Geo. Maunseil, esq. of a daughter-At Thuries, the Hon. Miss Butler, daughter to Lord Duf.
the lady of Patrick Quip, of a son-At Buttevant boyne, of Richmond Burracks--At Athlove, R.
Castle, Cork, the lady of Sir J. C. Auderson, bart. Armstrong, esq. of Einly House, Tyrone, to Sarah,
of a daughter--At Fermoy, the lady of G. Walker, youngest daughter of the late W. Potts, esm. .
esq. of a daughter-At Rutland square, the lady Hewlett, esq. of Raliecn, Clare, to Constantia,
of Edward Eyre Maunsell esq. of a still born child daughter of the late F. Drew, esq. of Drewsbo-
-The lady of Joseph Cooke, esq. Cordangan, Tip: sough-R, Archbold, esq. eldest son of J. Arch.
porary, of a son and heir-At Bracklin Castle, bold, of Davidston, Kildare, esq. to Mary, only
Westmeath, Lady Eleanor Fetherston, of a son and daughter of J. Copeland, of Inn's.quay, esq.
heir- Al Paradise, Clare, the lady of J. Scott, esq Deaths) In Waterford, Mrs. Skottowe, wife
ef a son--At Fortfergus, Clare. the lady of Nathias Edinond Scottowe, esg.-Mrs. Quan, wife of Thos.
Woodmason, esq. of a sod-At Kiifeacle, Tippe. Quan, esq.- At an advanced age, at AnstJwn, Wa.
Tary, the lady of Dennis Scully, esg, of a daugh terford, Henry St. George Cole, esq4t Moss
ter.
Vale, Longford, Thos. Barbor, esq.--In Cork, Mrs.
Marric.] W. Byrne, of Grangemore, Wicke Westropp, wiſe of Alderman Westropp, of that city
low, esq. to Miss Coolang--At Clopmel, Mr.J. -At Bandon, the Rev. Patrick Geran, O. S. F. 100
White, to Saralı, second daugliter of the late Mr. At Lotapark, Dear Cork, the lady of Jas. Roche,
J. Taylor-M. Sankey, esq. of Rockwell, Tippe. esq.-Kingsmil! Pennefather, esq. of Newpark,
rary, to Eleanor, third daughter of II O'Hara, of Iligh Sheriff of Tipperary-At Spearvale, Cavan,
O'Hara brook, Antrim--At Doneraile, H. M. Wm. Spear, es 7. 81-Catherine Jane Ponsonby,
Smith, esq. of Balinetrea, to Priscilla W. Creagh, only daughter of C. B. Barker, esq. of Kilcooly
of Castle, Widenham-Lieut. Col. Weyniss, of the Abbey. Tipperary, -In Gardiner's place, Mrs.
50th regiment, to Miss Ball, only daughter of the Brownie, relict of Nicholas Browne, esq.--George
H. P. Ball esq. of Carmarthen-Major W. L. Burleigh, esg. 20-Walter Nevill Byrne, (sq. one
Wood, of the 4th, or King's Own Regiment, to of the principal officers of his Majesty's Excise-
Frances Mary, eldest daughter of C. Johnson, esq. At Emevale, near Srklow, Colonel Christmas. At
-C.P. Leslie, csq. of Glass Lough, Monaghan, to Mount Nugent, Cavao, James Henry Cottingham,
Christiana, youngest daughter of the late G. Fos. esq. barrister at law-Henry White, esq. of Ems.
bevy, esg, of Adare Farm, Limerick ---J. Short, of grove, Cork, 86-The I
Pallas, Tipperary, esq. to Marianne Louisa Fitzge. Rockvale, Cork-Corvell, Kerry, James Hilliard,
rald--J. Cumming, esq. of Naplee, to Miss Magee, esq. of Kilioncrim -At Harristown, Queen's
eldest daughter of W. Magie, esq. of the Lodge, County, George Steel, esq.-In Clonmel, Mrs. May,
ncar Belfast-The Rev. J. J. Fletcher, of Glan. relict of the late Rev. Thomas May. At Clara,
more, to Miss Conway, of Merrion square, and King's County, John Finucane, esq.-Henry Bun-
Dunran, Wicklow-Leur. Col. Pakenham, eldest bury, esq. ot Bunbury Lodge, Carlow. At Bay
BOD of the Hon. Adıniral Pakenham, to Catherine View, ncar Tralee, James Connor, esq.--At the
Jane Ponsophy, only daughter to C. B. Barker, Corc of Cork, Joseph O'Brien, esq. lieutenant in
esq, of Kilcooly Abbey--P. G. Dumoulin, of Ste. the Royal Navy.-At Camas, Limerick, Miss Anu
phen's-green, to Susanna, daughter of the late W. Gubbins, second daughter of the late William
Breby, esq.-R. J. Theodore Orpen, esg. of Cork. Gubbins, esq.Lieut.-Gen. Barton, 59, thirty-nine of
to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of the late Rev. R. which he served in the od Life Guards-At Santa.
Stack, of Enginah-). Reyoolds, esq. lieutenant Martha, Mr. A. Morron, eldest son of Mr. J. Mor.
in the royal pavy, to Catherine, eldest daughter of ron, formerly of Ormond's-quay, Dublin-At levers.
J. Hoclan, 0541.- At Renown, Westmeath, Major towa, Clare, Mary, youngest daughter of Wm.
lo regiment. to Euphemia. levers. es..-In Limerick, Mrs. Connell, wife of
eldest daughter of Col. Caulfield, Roscommon Mi. John Connell, esq-At Downing, near Kilwortlı,
litia-R. Townsend, jun. Cork, esq. to Elizabeth, of an enexpected attack of apoplexya J. Hendley,
only daughter of the late Col. Mellifont-w. esq.-Al Castle Mary, Cork, Col. Mountford Long.
Coyle, esq. of Lougher, to Anu, eldest daughter field, Member for the city of Cork in many succes,
of R. Reilly, esq. of Milestown, Meath-At Anna. sive Parliaments.
TO READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.
WE have again to apologize to numerous Correspondents for the non-insertion of their
favours; in consequence, however, of various new arrangements, we shall presently be
enabled amply to gratify both their wishes and our own.
We feel grateful for the hints of our several friends, of which we shall most certainly
avail ourselves as far as possible.
Our Commercial Report will hereafter be considerably enlarged,
We have occasion to repeat, that Theological Disquisitions are not admissible.


380
INDEX.
Hiort, V. C. Bishop of Ribe, 490
Paulet, Earl, 186
Horrebow, T. O 490
Plum, P. Bishop of Fühnen, 40e
Kleist, Von, 497
Pram, M. 187
Korzebue, A. von, 373
Rahbek, M. 497
Kunzen, the composer, 489
Reins, Jonas, 489
Lamb, Lady Caroline, 336
Samsoe, 489
Leicester, S.r John Fleming, 428.
Sandy, J. 472
Leycester, Sir Peter, 37
Scott, Walter, 41
Lund, C A. 490
Seetzen, Von, 3i
Manuel, F. 375
Thaarur, J. 487
Maturin, Rev. C. R. 165
Tode, J. C. 488
Ochlenschlager, A. 481
Wolcot, Dr. John, 274
Olufsen, Professor, 499
Wordsworth, W. 48
BOOKS REVIEWED.
Affection's best Gift, 64
Junius unmasked, 445
Angler, a Poem, 161
Junius with bis Vizor up, 445
Antar, a Bedoueen Romance, 50
Leliers addressed to the late Duchess of Ds
Art of French Conversation, by D. Boileau, vonshire, 534.
159
Loves of Abeillard and Heloisa, by Rabelas
Barrow's History of Arctic Voyages, 62
the younger, 66
Blane's Elements of Medical Logic, 253 Memoirs of the Count de Las Casas, 250
Boileau's Art of French Conversation, 159 Minstrel of the Glen, a Poem, 61
Bonaparte, unrevealed Memoirs of Napoleon, Mitchel's Elements of Natural Philosophy,
252
448
Brooke's Durovernum and other poems, 340 Monk's Vindication of the University of Cam-
Burney's Chronological History of Voyages bridge, 65
to the Arctic Regions, 443
Nautical Essays, or a Spiritual view of Mari-
Cainpbell's Specimens of the British Poets, time Affairs, 449
839
Oxford's (Lord) Reminiscences, 161
Campbell, or the Scottish Probationer, 161 Owen's New View of Society, 160
Casas, Memoirs of Count Las, 250
Patriot Father, a Play in five Acts, 345
Catalogue of New Music, by 'T. Boosey, 346 Priory of Berkinbead, a Tale, by T. Whitty,
Charenton, or Follies of the Age, 66
347
Clarke's Travels in Scandinavia, 343 Redford and Riche's History of Uxbridge, 450
Chapham on the Pentateuch, 64
Reformation of the Catholic Church, 160
Conversations on History, by A. Jamieson, Riches and Redford's History of Uxbridge, 450
252
Romilly, an Eulogium on Sir S. 156
Constant's Eulogium on Sir S. Romilly, 158 Shepherd on the Observance of the Lord's
Critical examination of Dr. Watson's Life, 65 Day, 449
Defence of the Church of England by Sir E. Shoberl's Patriot Father, a Drama, 345
Smith, 447
Smith's Defence of the Church of England,
Delphin Classics, with variorum Notes, 251 446
Elements of Natural Philosophy, by J. Mit Thornton's (Lieut. - Gen.) Speech on the
chell, 448
Catholic Question, 447
Emigration, a Poem, 161
Time's Telescope for 1819,64
Ferrari on Italian Singing, &c. 65
Toulmin's Illustrations of Affection, 347
Fitzclarence's Route across India to England, Treasures of Thought from Madam de Stael,
438
346
Food for the Young, by a Mother, 446 Walpole's Letters to Cole, 54
Golownin's Recollections of Japan, 147, 244 Watkins's Memoirs of her Majesty Queen
Gourgaud's Camapign of 1815, 50
Charlotte, 443
Gros' New French Grammar, 64
Wrongs of Man, a Satire. 448
Hunian Life, a Poem, by S. Rogers, 153 Xinienes, the Wreath, and other Poems, by
Jamicson's Conversations on History, 252 Dr. Polidori, 240
END OF THE ELEVENTH VOLUME.
List of Portraits which accompany the present Volume :
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, Esq.
The Rev. CHARLES ROBERT MATURIN. .
S. T. COLERIDGE, Esq.
LADY CAROLINE LAMB.
Sir John FLEMING LEICESTER, BART.
MADAME DE GENLIS.
I. Gillet, Printer, Crown-court, Fleet-street, London.


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