doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2008.06.098
Expert Systems with Applications xxx (2008) xxx–xxx
ARTICLE IN PRESS
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Expert Systems with Applications
j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / e s w a
A Neural Network theory based expert system – ICRT
Shieh-Shing Lin a,*, Shih-Cheng Horng b, Ch0i-Hsin Lin c
a Department of Electrical Engineering, St. John’s University, 499, Sec. 4 Tam King Road, Tamsui, Taipei 25135, Taiwan
b Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
c Department of Electronics Engineering, Kao Yuan University, Kaoshiung, Taiwan
a r t i c l e i n f o
Keywords:
Neural Network theory
Micro-chip processor technology
Expert system
Cars repairing tools
0957-4174/$ - see front matter � 2008 Elsevier Ltd. A
doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2008.06.098
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +886 2 28013131x65
E-mail addresses: sslin@mail.sju.edu.tw (S.-S. Lin)
(S.-C. Horng), chsinlin@cc.kyu.edu.tw (C.-H. Lin).
Please cite this article in press as: Lin, S.-S
(2008), doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2008.06.098
a b s t r a c t
In this paper, we focus on the frequent glitches of general family cars. Based on the Neural Network the-
ory and combining with the Micro-chip processor technology, we design an expert system-‘‘Integrated
Cars Repairing Tools” (ICRT) and the size of the proposed ICRT is quite small and achieves the following
attractive functions: (1) Portable Electric-jack, (2) Electric Tire-pressure-meter, (3) efficiently Pneumatic
tire machine, (4) LCD type Sparing Battery, (5) trouble blinking sign and lighting device. Compare to the
traditional single function tools – ‘‘Hand Jack”, ‘‘Mechanic tire-pressure-meter”, ‘‘Pressure-stat pneumatic
tire machine”, and ‘‘Hand-held glitch indicator”, the proposed innovative expert system – ICRT has the
following special features: the Portable Electric-jack can easily and rapidly lift cars, the Electric Tire-pres-
sure-meter works precisely, the efficiently pneumatic tire machine works rapidly, the LCD type Sparing
Battery with the capability to show the residual capacity of Power and can be used to start cars easily. We
install the proposed ICRT in several different types of cars and make numerous simulations, the test
results show that the ICRT is efficient for rejecting the frequent glitches of cars.
� 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Cars are one of the most important traffic tools for people in the
real world. In this paper, we focus on the frequent glitches of the
general cars; such as, the drivers cannot start cars or the pressure
of the Tire is inefficiency for driving; in general, in the first case,
probably, the Battery box of the car is leaking or out of order, the
second, the Tire of the car is already broken or not working for a
few days ago or yesterday. There could be the worse case happen
about while the Tire of the car is broken during the driving. In gen-
eral, while the Tire broken accident occurred, the drivers will call
the Car Rescuing Center for help or use the Sparing Tire in car to
replace the broken Tire by himself, since, almost it is true that
there is a ‘‘Hand Jack” in every car. However, if the accident is oc-
curred in midnight, sometimes it is hard to call some one to help
the drivers, moreover, if the pressure of the Sparing Tire is ineffi-
cient for driving since it have been long time no used stayed in
car, then it should have some more necessary device (such as the
Pressure-stat output pneumatic tire machine) to inject the air
and stabilize the pressure of the Tire. In addition, there still have
many glitches of the family cars always trouble the drivers, such
as; the car cannot be started in the morning (probably, the Battery
box of the car is leaking or out of order); the pressure of the Tire is
ll rights reserved.
00; fax: +886 2 28013973.
, schong.ece90g@nctu.edu.tw
. et al., A Neural Network th
inefficient for driving, . . ., etc. Therefore, it is necessary for drivers
to have more than one or many scatter car repairing devices in cars
(such as, the Power bank, the Pneumatic tire machine, the ‘‘Hand
Jack”, . . ., etc.) to handle the unexpected accidents occurred during
the driving. These devices always occupy some accommodations
and are dispersed in the cars. Furthermore, the more unexpected
things to bother the drivers are that the Tire is leaking air or broken
while encountered some stringer stone during the driving, espe-
cially, for the female driver. About the research of the car repairing
equipments for solving the problem of the inefficiency of the pres-
sure of the Tire, the traditional device-the Pressure-stat output
pneumatic tire machine is used to inject the air into the Tire with
slowly speed. And most of the traditional devices cannot show the
actual pressure values of the Tire during the operation.
Several papers that are concerned with the single function tools
corresponding to the car repairing device, such as, the Tire-pres-
sure-meter function tools have been published (Grossmann,
1999; Kowalewski, 2004; Li, Wang, Qunzhi, & Shan, 2003;
Nabipoor & Majlis, 2004; Pohl, Ostermayer, Reindl, & Seifert,
1997), the Jack function tools (Azad, Khajepour, & McPhee, 2005;
Chapman, 2005; Harter, 2000; Mihali & Sobh, 1999; Wallis,
Ronnquist, Jarvis, & Lucas, 2002; Yamada & Suzuki, 1990), the
Lighting function tools (Kornev, Kuchma, Pokrovski, & Soms,
2005; Lie, Yu, et al., 2000; Liu, 2005), the Pneumatic-tire-machine
function tools (Dai-Dai; Audi-Tai; An-Hun), and the Power bank
and Battery charging function tools (Chen & Lin, 1997; Li & Liu,
2001; Liu, 2001; Yeh, 1997). However, there are few documents
eory based expert system – ICRT, Expert Systems with Applications
mailto:sslin@mail.sju.edu.tw
mailto:schong.ece90g@nctu.edu.tw
mailto:chsinlin@cc.kyu.edu.tw
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09574174
http://www.elsevier.com/locate/eswa
2 S.-S. Lin et al. / Expert Systems with Applications xxx (2008) xxx–xxx
ARTICLE IN PRESS
and/or devices related to how to improve the performance of the
existed single function cars repairing tools and integrate many of
these scatter functions tools into a compacted expert system.
About the research of the equipments of Jack device for lifting cars
to replace the Tire, the traditional device – ‘‘Hand Jack” is used to
lift cars for changing the broken Tire; however, it is not so easy
to operate, especially, for the female drivers in the dark night. In
the traditional car caring center, the oil-type Jack or the electrician
lifting machine (Azad et al., 2005; Chapman, 2005; Harter, 2000;
Mihali & Sobh, 1999; Wallis et al., 2002; Yamada & Suzuki, 1990)
are used and can easily lift cars for cars maintains. However, these
devices cannot be carried in cars, since it is too much room con-
suming and very heavy. Nowadays, since the applications of the
Neural Network Theory technologies have become more mature
as well as the Micro-chip processor, the integration management
and control technology for the scatter repairing tools of cars seems
to be a trend in the car repairing industrials.
The object of this paper is based on the corresponding theory of
Neural Network and combining with the Micro-chip processor
technology (Carstens, 1993; Comer & Comer, 2003; Laker & Sansen,
1994; MacKenzie, 1999) to design an innovative expert system –
ICRT. The major contribution of this expert system is to improve
the performance of the existed single function of cars repairing tools
and integrate many of these scatter cars repairing tools into a single
compacted expert system – ‘‘Integrated Cars Repairing Tools”
(ICRT). Furthermore, the size of the proposed innovative expert sys-
tem – ICRT is not only quite small and portable but also easily oper-
ated and installed in cars. The innovative expert system – ICRT
achieves the following attractive functions:
(1) Portable Electric-jack,
(2) Electric Tire-pressure-meter,
(3) Efficiently pneumatic tire machine,
(4) LCD type Sparing Battery with the capability to show the
residual capacity of Power,
(5) Trouble blinking sign and Lighting device.
The paper is organized in the following manner. Section 2 pre-
sents the combining with the Micro-chip processor technology and
the Neural Network theory based innovative expert system – ICRT.
In Section 3, we present the Hardware Implementation of the ICRT.
The simulation tests those are used to demonstrate the perfor-
mance of the ICRT are given in Section 4. Finally, we make a brief
conclusion in Section 5.
2. Neural Network theory based innovative expert system – ICRT
We uses the corresponding theory of Neural Network and
combing with the Micro-chip processor technologies to improve
the performance of the existed single function Cars Repairing
Tools and integrate many of these scatter cars repairing tools into
a single compacted expert system – ICRT. The functions of the pro-
posed ICRT is electrical and automatically, and can achieve quite a
few time and money saving for drivers encountered some unex-
pected problems. The function of ICRT includes: Portable Elec-
tric-jack, Electric Tire-pressure-meter, Efficiently pneumatic tire
machine, LCD type Sparing Battery, Trouble blinking sign and
Lighting device. The special features of the ICRT are stated in the
following:
A. Portable Electric-jack: In the Hardware Implementation of the
Portable Electric-jack device of the ICRT, the Robotics and
Feedback Control Theory of Neural Network is used to lock
the working current of the Servo-Motor within some certain
level to maintain the altitude of the car being lifted by the
Please cite this article in press as: Lin, S.-S. et al., A Neural Network th
(2008), doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2008.06.098
Portable Electric-jack while the changing of the broken Tire.
This is the famous effect called the Neural Network lock-in
effect.
B. Electric Tire-pressure-meter: The Electric Tire-pressure-meter
of the ICRT can precisely measure the pressure of the Tire
and show the measured values in digitations.
C. Efficiently pneumatic tire machine: Based on the measured
values by the Electric Tire-pressure-meter, the Efficiently
pneumatic tire machine of the ICRT uses the Neural Network
theory which is embedded in the Micro-chip processor to
stabilize the pressure of the Tire and will be described latter.
D. LCD type Sparing Battery: The Sparing Battery of the ICRT
uses the LCD device to show the residual capacity of Power.
E. Trouble blinking sign and Lighting device: The Trouble blinking
sign and Lighting device of the ICRT provides the necessary
lighting service for the drivers to maintain the car while
the unexpected events occurred.
2.1. Neural Network theory based Tire-Pressure-Stabilizer
In the Hardware Implementation of the Efficiently pneumatic
tire machine device of the ICRT, the Neural Network based modi-
fied Proportional-Integral-Derivative (P.I.D.) Theory is used to sta-
bilize the pressure of the Tire by the Efficiently pneumatic tire
machine. The Neural Network based modified P.I.D. Theory which
is embedded in the Micro-chip processor and associated with the
proposed Electric Tire-pressure-meter are used to formulate the
Tire-Pressure-Stabilizer system. Block diagram of the Tire-Pres-
sure-Stabilizer is shown in Fig. 1. In the following, we will present
the Neural Network Theory based Tire-Pressure-Stabilizer to stabi-
lize the pressure of Tire. The detailed description of the block sym-
bols in Fig. 1 is listed below:
#1: Denotes the block diagram of the Neural Network based
Tire-Pressure-Stabilizer system.
#2: Denotes the ‘‘Efficiently pneumatic tire machine”.
#3: Denotes the ‘‘Electric Tire-pressure-meter”.
#4: Denotes the ‘‘Feedback Buffer” which is used to calculate the
steady values of the Tire pressure originated from the ‘‘Elec-
tric Tire-pressure-meter” and transform it to the ‘‘Micro-
chip Processor”.
#5: Denotes the ‘‘Micro-chip Processor” which is used to process
the received feedback signals and create the optimal control
signals.
#6: Denotes the ‘‘Motor” which is used to speed/slow the ‘‘Effi-
ciently pneumatic tire machine”.
Before introducing the complete algorithm, we need the follow-
ing notations:
Ps: Denotes the pre-set standard Tire-pressure values.
Pr: Denotes the real time Tire-pressure values.
Sh, Sm, Ss: Denote the highly, medium, and steady control signals
of the ‘‘Micro-chip Processor” # 5.
fh, fm, fs: Denote the highly, medium, and steady output signals
of the ‘Motor’ #6.
C: Denotes the criteria of the deviation of the Tire-pressure
values.
e: Denotes a small positive real value.
2.2. Neural Network Theory based Tire-Pressure-Stabilizer algorithm
Step 0 Initial set the parameters: C, e.
Step 1 Input the preset Tire-pressure values of Ps.
eory based expert system – ICRT, Expert Systems with Applications
5 6
32
4
1
Motor
Efficiently
pneumatic
tire
machine
Electric
tire-
pressure-
meter
Out Real time
Tire-pressure
Feedback
Buffer
Input Preset
Tire-pressure
Micro-chip
Processor
+
-
Fig. 1. Block diagram of the Neural Network theory based Tire-Pressure-Stabilizer.
S.-S. Lin et al. / Expert Systems with Applications xxx (2008) xxx–xxx 3
ARTICLE IN PRESS
Step 2 Detecting the Tire-pressure from the Electric Tire-pres-
sure-meter, #3 and sends it to the Feedback Buffer, #4.
Step 3 Calculate the real Tire-pressure value Pr from the Feed-
back Buffer, #4.
Step 4 Calculate the deviation of Tire-pressure DP = |Ps � Pr| by
the Micro-chip Processor. If DP P C then go to Step 5;
if e 6 DP < C then go to Step 6; if DP < C then go to
Step 7.
Step 5 The Micro-chip Processor, #5 sends the control signal Sh
to the Motor, #6, and the unit #6 process it and sends
output signal fh to drive the Pneumatic tire machine,
#2 and go to Step 3.
Step 6 The Micro-chip Processor, #5 sends the control signal Sm
to the Motor, #6, and the unit # 6 process it and sends
the output signal fm to drive the Pneumatic tire machine,
#2 and go to Step 3.
Step 7 The Micro-chip Processor, #5 sends the control signal Ss
to the Motor, #6, and the unit #6 process it and sends
the output signal fs to drive the Pneumatic tire machine,
#2, and stop.
Remark 1. The efficiency of the Neural Network theory based
Tire-Pressure-Stabilizer algorithm can be seen from Step 5 to Step
7. While the ‘‘Micro-chip Processor” #5 receives the feedback
signal, Pr, of the form |{Ps � Pr}| P C (it represents the deviation
between the real-time Tire-pressures and the standard values is
bigger), then the ‘‘Micro-chip Processor” #5 exports the Sh (highly
control signal) to drive the ‘Motor’, #6. While ‘Motor’, #6 receives
the highly control signal Sh, it sends the highly output signal fh to
drive the ‘‘Efficiently pneumatic tire machine”, #2 to stabilize the
Tire-pressure of the car. While the ‘‘Micro-chip Processor” #5
receives the feedback signal, Pr, of the form (e 6 |{Ps � Pr}| < C (it
represents the deviation between the real-time Tire-pressures
and the standard values is not so bigger), then the ‘‘Micro-chip
Processor” #5 exports the Sm (medium control signal) to drive the
‘Motor’, #6. While ‘Motor’, #6 receives the medium control signal
Sm, it sends the medium output signal fm to drive the ‘‘Efficiently
pneumatic tire machine”, #2 to stabilize the Tire-pressure of the
car. While the ‘‘Micro-chip Processor” #5 receives the feedback
signal, Pr, of the form |Ps � Pr| < e (it represents the real-time Tire-
pressures reaches the steady status), then the ‘‘Micro-chip
Processor” #5 exports the Ss (steady control signal) to drive the
‘Motor’, #6. While ‘Motor’, #6 receives the Ss steady control
signal, it sends the steady output signal fs to drive the ‘‘Efficiently
pneumatic tire machine”, #2 to stabilizing operating or stop
operating.
Remark 2. In this paper, we also use the similar Neural Network
Theory based Tire-Pressure-Stabilizer algorithm in the Portable
Electric-jack device for locking the working current of the
Servo-Motor within some certain level to maintain the altitude of
the car being lifted.
Please cite this article in press as: Lin, S.-S. et al., A Neural Network th
(2008), doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2008.06.098
In the following, we will present the Hardware Implementation
of the Neural Network theory based the innovative expert system –
ICRT and use the associated figures and the corresponding photo-
graphs to make a detailed description of the proposed ICRT.
3. Hardware implementation of the innovative expert system –
ICRT
3.1. Diagram description
Function block diagram and System structure diagram of Hard-
ware implementation of the innovative expert system – ICRT are
shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The definitions of the block element sym-
bols are stated in the following:
10: Denotes the Control circuit.
12: Denotes the Micro-chip processor.
14: Denotes the Voltage-regulating circuit.
16: Denotes the Driving circuit of DC-Motor.
18: Denotes the Time delay circuit.
19: Denotes the Circuit of the Trouble blinking sign.
20: Denotes the Portable Electric-jack.
30: Denotes the Electric Tire-pressure-meter.
40: Denotes the Efficiently pneumatic tire machine.
50: Denotes the Sparing Battery.
60: Denotes the LCD displayer.
70: Denotes the Trouble blinking sign and Lighting device.
100: Denotes the Neural Network Theory based innovative
expert system – ICRT.
3.2. Hardware implementation of the innovative expert system – ICRT
We will combine the block element symbols and their defini-
tions associated with the Figs. 2 and 3 to describe the operation se-
quence control of the Hardware implementation of the innovative
expert system – ICRT.
3.2.1. The detailed description the combinations and interconnections
of the block element symbols
In Fig. 2, the Neural Network theory based the innovative expert
system – ICRT 100, includes the following devices: the Portable
Electric-jack 20, the Electric Tire-pressure-meter 30, the Efficiently
pneumatic tire machine 40, the Sparing Battery 50, the LCD type
displayer 60, and the Trouble blinking sign and Lighting device
70, in which the Control circuit 10 is including the following de-
vices: the Micro-chip processor 12, the Voltage-regulating circuit
14, the Driving circuit of DC-Motor 16, the Time delay circuit 18,
and the Circuit of the Trouble blinking sign 19, in which the Mi-
cro-chip processor 12 is connected with the portable Electric-jack
20 by the Driving circuit of DC-Motor 16 and the Micro-chip pro-
eory based expert system – ICRT, Expert Systems with Applications
Electric
Tire-Pressure-Meter
Efficiently Output
Pneumatic
Tire Machine
LCD Displayer
Driving Circuit of
DC-Motor
Time Delay Circuit
Circuit of
the Trouble
Blinking sign
Micro-Chip
Processor
Voltage-
regulating
Circuit
Trouble Blinking
Sign and
Lighting Device
Portable
Electric-jack
Sparing Battery
70
50
20
10
19
18
16
14
12
40
60
30
100
Fig. 2. Function block diagram of the hardware implementation of the innovative expert system – ICRT.
Integrated Car Repairing Tools
ICRT
Trouble Blinking Sign
and Lighting Service
Inefficient
Tire-Pressure
B rok en
T ire
I n efficient
Power of Battery
Night
Lighting
Service
Rel
ay
Trouble
Blinking
Standard
Tire-
Pressure
Values
LCD
Dis-
player
E l ectri c
T i re-
Pressure
M e ter
Efficiently Output
Pneumatic Tire Machine
Electric-
Jack
Sero-
Motor
C a nnot
Power
T h e
C a r
The LCD Type
Sparing Battery
Changing
Tire
Fig. 3. System structure diagram of hardware implementation of the innovative expert system – ICRT.
4 S.-S. Lin et al. / Expert Systems with Applications xxx (2008) xxx–xxx
ARTICLE IN PRESS
cessor 12 is connected with the Sparing Battery 50 by the Voltage-
regulating circuit 14; the Micro-chip processor 12 is connected
with the Circuit of the Trouble blinking sign 19 by the Time delay
circuit 18; beside, the Control circuit 10 is connected with the Elec-
tric Tire-pressure-meter 30, the Efficiently pneumatic tire machine
40, the LCD type displayer 60, and the Trouble blinking sign and
the Lighting device 70.
3.2.2. The operation sequence control of the hardware implementation
of the innovative expert system – ICRT
3.2.2.1. Portable Electric-jack. The Portable Electric-jack 20 of the
ICRT 100 uses the Neural Network based Robotics and Feedback
Control Theory to lock the working current of the DC-Motor 16
within some certain range. Therefore, the Portable Electric-jack
20 can maintain the height of the car being lifted while changing
the broken Tire. This is the famous effect called the Neural Network
lock-in Effect and the detailed description is stated below. In the
ICRT, the Driving circuit of DC-Motor 16 uses the DC current to
drive DC-Motor. And the DC-Motor is used to drive the Portable
Electric-jack 20; the Geared system associated with the Gear-dri-
ven are included in 20 and are used to slow down the speed of
the DC-Motor to facilitate the Control circuit 10 to make a miner
adjusting of the operations of the DC-Motor. The Neural Network
based Robotics and Feedback Control Theory is embedded in the
Micro-chip processor 12 and is used to lock the working current
of the DC-Motor 16 within some certain level to maintain the
working position of Car being lifted up and down by the Portable
Electric-jack 20.
Please cite this article in press as: Lin, S.-S. et al., A Neural Network th
(2008), doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2008.06.098
3.2.2.2. Electric Tire-pressure-meter. The Electric Tire-pressure-me-
ter 30 of the ICRT 100 uses the Tire pressure sensors and the A/D
Converter associated with the Micro-chip processor 12 to measure
the pressure of the Tire and shows the measured values in
digitations.
3.2.2.3. Efficiently pneumatic tire machine. The Neural Network
based modified P.I.D. control Theory (the Neural Network theory
based Tire-Pressure-Stabilizer algorithm) is embedded in the Mi-
cro-chip processor 12 and is used in the Efficiently pneumatic tire
machine 40 to inject the air and stabilize the pressure of the Tire.
Fig. 3 shows the operation procedures of the innovative expert sys-
tem – ICRT while the varied situations of the glitches of the general
family cars occurred. The detailed description of Hardware circuits
and the operation procedures of the innovative expert system –
ICRT about the pressure of the Tire not enough is described below.
The Micro-chip processor 12 associated with the Electric Tire-pres-
sure-meter 30 and the Efficiently pneumatic tire machine 40 will
stabilize the pressure of the Tire using the Neural Network theory
based Tire-Pressure-Stabilizer algorithm; the real pressure values
of the Tire measured by the pressure sensor of the Electric Tire-
pressure-meter 30 is transferred to the Control circuit 10, and
the Control circuit 10 compares and calculates the deviation be-
tween the measured values and the table of the preset standard
values established inside the Micro-chip processor 12 and will
make some appropriate operations to drive the Efficiently pneu-
matic tire machine 40; after the comparing and calculating the
deviation between the real measured values and the standard Tire
eory based expert system – ICRT, Expert Systems with Applications
S.-S. Lin et al. / Expert Systems with Applications xxx (2008) xxx–xxx 5
ARTICLE IN PRESS
values (the preset values inside the Micro-chip processor 12), the
Control circuit 10 will execute the Neural Network Theory based
Tire-Pressure-Stabilizer algorithm to drive the Efficiently pneu-
matic tire machine 40 to stabilize the Tire pressure.
3.2.2.4. LCD type Sparing Battery. In the LCD type Sparing Battery,
the Micro-chip processor 12 is used and associated with the LCD
displayer 60 to show the residual capacity of the Sparing Battery
50. It should be noticed that the Micro-chip processor 12 used in
50 is to detect the residual capacity of the Sparing Battery 50, it
will send an Alarming signal if the residual capacity of the Sparing
Battery 50 is leaking or is insufficient to start Cars.
3.2.2.5. Trouble blinking sign and Lighting device. The Trouble blink-
ing sign and Lighting device 70 use the highly efficient LED device
Fig. 4. Prototype of the proposed in
Fig. 5. Real photograph of the ICRT
Please cite this article in press as: Lin, S.-S. et al., A Neural Network th
(2008), doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2008.06.098
associated with the Micro-chip processor 12 to provide the Light-
ing service. It should be noticed that the Micro-chip processor 12
used in 70 is to control the working current of the LED device with-
in some certain level. The Control circuit 10 provides the necessary
facilitations for the Micro-chip processor 12, the Voltage-regulat-
ing circuit 14, the Driving circuit of DC-Motor 16, the Time delay
circuit 18, and the Circuit of the Trouble blinking sign 19 in the
Neural Network Theory based the innovative expert system – ICRT.
In the ICRT, the LCD displayer 60 is used to show the residual vol-
umes of the Sparing Battery 50; the Control circuit 10 is used to
monitor the residual power of the Sparing Battery 50 within some
safety level. If the residual power of the Sparing Battery 50 is inef-
ficient to start Cars, then the Control circuit 10 will sent a control
signal to the LCD displayer 60 and the 60 will exhibit a Red light
sign or output an Alarming signal. Moreover, the Control circuit
novative expert system – ICRT.
easily and rapidly lifts the car.
eory based expert system – ICRT, Expert Systems with Applications
6 S.-S. Lin et al. / Expert Systems with Applications xxx (2008) xxx–xxx
ARTICLE IN PRESS
10 uses the Time delay circuit 18 associated with the Circuit of the
Flashing light of the glitch sign 19 to show the situation of problem
on the Trouble blinking sign and Lighting device 70. The Trouble
blinking sign and Lighting device 70 can also provide the necessary
assistance for the drivers, such as the lighting and alarming signal
during the car repair and waiting for rescue. In the ICRT, the Control
circuit 10 connected with the Sparing Battery 50 by the Voltage-
regulating circuit 14. And the Sparing Battery 50 is used to provide
the power of the Control circuit 10. The drivers can also obtain the
power from the Smoking socket device in the cars. In general, the
power of the ICRT is provided by the Sparing Battery 50, but if
the residual power of the Sparing Battery 50 is inefficient, the driv-
ers can use the Smoke socket device of the car to execute the
charging.
Furthermore, there is one more important device (Wireless re-
ceived/emitted device) is included in the Control circuit 10 of the
ICRT, the Wireless received/emitted device is used to receive the
control signal originated from the Emitter to make the remote con-
trol of the ICRT. Moreover, there are some preset values of table
programmed in the Micro-chip processor 12, such as the standard
Fig. 6. Real photograph of the ICRT measures a
Fig. 7. Prototype of the sm
Please cite this article in press as: Lin, S.-S. et al., A Neural Network th
(2008), doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2008.06.098
values of the Tire pressure Ps for the different types of the Tire and
some parameters C, e used in the Neural Network theory based
Tire-Pressure-Stabilizer algorithm and some minimum capacity
of power requirement should be stored in the Sparing Battery 50
to start cars for the different type of cars; it depends on the differ-
ent type of cars, we can make some appropriate settings and mod-
ifications for the preset values in the Micro-chip processor 12.
4. Test results
We have made numerous real tests of the proposed Neural Net-
work Theory based innovative expert system - ICRT in many differ-
ent types of Cars. Due to the page limitation of this paper, we don’t
have enough space to describe everything about the ICRT, we just
present some typical test results described in the following:
The testing Car is: Toyota Camry, Body Weight about 1600 kg,
Years 2006. Toyota is very famous cars Generation Company all
over the world and the Camry cars produced by Toyota are very
popular cars type in the market in the recently years. First of all,
we set up the innovative expert system – ICRT in the Camry car.
nd stabilizes the Tire-pressure efficiently.
all size Battery Box.
eory based expert system – ICRT, Expert Systems with Applications
Fig. 8. Prototype of the Trouble blinking sign and Lighting device.
S.-S. Lin et al. / Expert Systems with Applications xxx (2008) xxx–xxx 7
ARTICLE IN PRESS
Fig. 4 is the Prototype of the proposed ICRT (we also label the name
of every tools on ICRT); from Fig. 4, we can see the size of ICRT is
quite small and the volume (L, W, H) is only (60, 22, 10) cm. There-
fore, it is quite easy to be carried and installed in every cars not
limited for the type of Camry. Subsequently, we show the real test
results to demonstrate the attractive functions of the ICRT:
(1) Portable Electric-jack: Fig. 5 shows that the ICRT can easily
and rapidly lift the car in the Left Back Hand Side since we just
use the ‘‘white color controller panel” in ICRT to operate the Porta-
ble Electric-jack lifting the car up and down, therefore, it is pretty
convenient to operate the device comparing to the traditional
‘‘Hand Jack”, especially for female drivers; we also can see that
the Tire is stationary away from the ground about 5 cm (however,
we can lift the car more higher if it is necessary), hence, we can
make some necessary facilitations to maintain the car, such as
changing Tire.
(2) Electric Tire-pressure-meter, and (3) Efficiently pneumatic tire
machine: Fig. 6 shows that the proposed ICRT uses the Neural Net-
work Theory based Tire-Pressure-Stabilizer algorithm to stabilize
the Tire rapidly and we also can see the measured Tire-pressure
value is 27 pounds shown on the LCD (since the standard Tire value
is set to be 27 pounds programmed in the micro-chip processor).
(4) LCD type Sparing Battery: Fig. 7 is the Prototype of the small
size Battery Box, since we use the corresponding technology of mi-
cro-chip and we can see the size of the Sparing Battery is quite
small comparing to the traditional Power Bank.
(5) Trouble blinking sign and Lighting device: Fig. 8 is the Proto-
type of the Trouble blinking sign and Lighting device.
From the real Hardware implementation of the innovative ex-
pert system – ICRT, we see the size of the device is quite small
and the functions are compact and can be easily carried in Cars.
Furthermore, the proposed ICRT is easily to be operated.
5. Conclusions
In this paper, we focus on the frequent glitches of the general
family cars. Based on the Neural Network theory and combining
with the micro-chip processor technology, we create an innovative
expert system – ‘‘Integrated Cars Repairing Tools”. The proposed
ICRT owns the following attractive functions: (1) Portable Electric
jack, (2) Electric Tire-pressure-meter, (3) Efficiently pneumatic tire
machine, (4) LCD type Sparing Battery with the capability to show
the residual capacity of Power, (5) Trouble blinking sign and Lighting
device. Furthermore, the size of the i is quite small and can be easily
carried in cars. We have installed the proposed innovative expert
system – ICRT in many different types of Cars and made numerous
Please cite this article in press as: Lin, S.-S. et al., A Neural Network th
(2008), doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2008.06.098
simulations, the test results show that the ICRT is efficient for
rejecting the frequent glitches of cars.
Acknowledgement
This research work was supported by National Science Council
in Taiwan under Grant # NSC 93-2662-E-129-004-CC3.
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eory based expert system – ICRT, Expert Systems with Applications
http://www.szanhang.com.cn/
http://www.auto-tech.com.cn/cpjs/cp5/index.htm
A neural network Neural Network theory based expert system - - ICRT
Introduction
Neural Network theory based innovative expert system - ICRT
Neural Network Theory theory based Tire-Pressure-Stabilizer
Neural Network Theory based Tire-Pressure-Stabilizer algorithm
Hardware Implementation implementation of the Innovative Expert System - innovative expert system - ICRT
Diagram description
Hardware Implementation implementation of the Innovative Expert System - innovative expert system - ICRT
The detailed description the combinations and interconnections of the block element symbols
The Operation Sequence Control operation sequence control of the Hardware Implementation hardware implementation of the Innovative Expert System - innovative expert system - ICRT
Portable Electric-jack
Electric Tire-pressure-meter
Efficiently pneumatic tire machine
LCD type Sparing Battery
Trouble blinking sign and Lighting device
Test Resultsresults
Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References