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Find sources: "Patrick White" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Patrick White White in Sydney, 1973 Born Patrick Victor Martindale White (1912-05-28)28 May 1912 Knightsbridge, London, England Died 30 September 1990(1990-09-30) (aged 78) Sydney, Australia Occupation Novelist playwright poet short-story writer essayist Language English Nationality British Australian Education Bachelor of Arts Alma mater University of Cambridge Period 1935–1987 Notable awards Miles Franklin Literary Award 1957 Voss 1961 Riders in the Chariot Australian Literature Society Gold Medal 1941 Happy Valley 1955 The Tree of Man 1965 The Burnt Ones Australian of the Year Award 1973 Nobel Prize in Literature 1973 Partner Manoly Lascaris (1941–1990) Relatives Victor Martindale White (father) Ruth White (mother) Patrick Victor Martindale White (28 May 1912 – 30 September 1990) was an Australian writer who published 12 novels, three short-story collections, and eight plays, from 1935 to 1987. White's fiction employs humour, florid prose, shifting narrative vantage points and stream of consciousness techniques. In 1973 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature,[1] "for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature", as it says in the Swedish Academy's citation,[2] the only Australian to have been awarded the prize.[note 1] White was also the inaugural recipient of the Miles Franklin Award. Contents 1 Childhood and adolescence 2 Travelling the world 3 Growth of writing career 4 Personal life 4.1 Failing health 5 Legacy 6 List of works 7 Honours and awards 8 Commemoration 9 Notes 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External links Childhood and adolescence[edit] White was born in Knightsbridge, London, to Victor Martindale White and Ruth (née Withycombe), both Australians, in their apartment overlooking Hyde Park, London on 28 May 1912.[3] His family returned to Sydney, Australia, when he was six months old. As a child he lived in a flat with his sister, a nanny, and a maid while his parents lived in an adjoining flat. In 1916 they moved to a house in Elizabeth Bay that many years later became a nursing home, Lulworth House, the residents of which included Gough Whitlam, Neville Wran, and White's partner Manoly Lascaris.[4] At the age of four, White developed asthma, a condition that had taken the life of his maternal grandfather. White's health was fragile throughout his childhood, which precluded his participation in many childhood activities.[5] He loved the theatre, which he first visited at an early age (his mother took him to see The Merchant of Venice at the age of six). This love was expressed at home when he performed private rites in the garden and danced for his mother's friends.[6] At the age of five, he attended kindergarten at Sandtoft in Woollahra, in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs.[7] At the age of ten, White was sent to Tudor House School, a boarding school in Moss Vale in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, in an attempt to abate his asthma. It took him some time to adjust to the presence of other children. At boarding school, he started to write plays. Even at this early age, White wrote about palpably adult themes. In 1924, the boarding school ran into financial trouble, and the headmaster suggested for White to be sent to a public school in England, a suggestion that his parents accepted.[8] Lulworth, White's childhood home in Elizabeth Bay, Sydney White struggled to adjust to his new surroundings at Cheltenham College, England. He later described it as "a four-year prison sentence".[9] White withdrew socially and had a limited circle of acquaintances. Occasionally, he would holiday with his parents at European locations, but their relationship remained distant. However he did spend time with his cousin Jack Withycombe during this period, and Jack's daughter Elizabeth Withycombe became a mentor to him while he was writing his first book of poems, Thirteen Poems between the years 1927–29.[10] While at school in London, White made one close friend, Ronald Waterall, an older boy who shared similar interests. White's biographer, David Marr, wrote that "the two men would walk, arm-in-arm, to London shows; and stand around stage doors crumbing for a glimpse of their favourite stars, giving a practical demonstration of a chorus girl's high kick... with appropriate vocal accompaniment". When Waterall left school, White withdrew again. He asked his parents if he could leave school to become an actor. The parents compromised and allowed him to finish school early if he came home to Australia to try life on the land. His parents felt that he should work on the land rather than become a writer and hoped that his work as a jackaroo would temper his artistic ambitions.[11] White spent two years working as a stockman at Bolaro, a 73-square-kilometre (28 sq mi) station near Adaminaby, on the edge of the Snowy Mountains, in southeastern Australia. Although he grew to respect the land and his health improved, it was clear that he was not cut out for this life.[12] Travelling the world[edit] From 1932 to 1935, White lived in England, studying French and German literature at King's College, Cambridge University. During his time at Cambridge he developed a romantic attraction to a young man who had come to King's College to become an Anglican priest. White dared not speak of his feelings for fear of losing the friendship and, like many other gay men of that period, he feared that his sexuality would doom him to a lonely life. Then, one night, the student priest, after an awkward liaison with two women, admitted to White that women meant nothing to him sexually. That became White's first love affair. During White's time at Cambridge he published a collection of poetry entitled The Ploughman and Other Poems, and wrote a play named Bread and Butter Women, which was later performed by an amateur group (which included his sister Suzanne) at the tiny Bryant's Playhouse in Sydney.[13] After being admitted to the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1935, White briefly settled in London, where he lived in an area that was frequented by artists. There, the young author thrived creatively for a time, writing several unpublished works and reworking Happy Valley, a novel that he had written while jackarooing. In 1937, White's father died, leaving him ten thousand pounds in inheritance. The fortune enabled him to write full-time in relative comfort. Two more plays followed before he succeeded in finding a publisher for Happy Valley. The novel was received well in London but poorly in Australia. He began writing another novel, Nightside, but abandoned it before its completion after receiving negative comments, a decision that he later admitted regretting. In 1936, White met the painter Roy De Maistre, 18 years his senior, who became an important influence in his life and work. The two men never became lovers but remained firm friends. In White's own words, "He became what I most needed, an intellectual and aesthetic mentor". They had many similarities: they were both gay and they both felt like outsiders in their own families; as a result they both had ambivalent feelings about their families and backgrounds, yet both maintained close and lifelong links with their families, particularly their mothers. They also both appreciated the benefits of social standing and connections and Christian symbolism and biblical themes are common in both artists' work.[14] White dedicated his first novel Happy Valley to De Maistre and acknowledged De Maistre's influence on his writing. In 1947, De Maistre's painting Figure in a Garden (The Aunt) was used as the cover for the first edition of White's The Aunt's Story. White bought many of De Maistre's paintings. In 1974 White gave all his paintings by De Maistre to the Art Gallery of New South Wales. Towards the end of the 1930s, White spent time in the United States, including Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and New York City, which were artistic hotbeds at the time, where he wrote The Living and the Dead. By the time World War II broke out, he had returned to London and joined the British Royal Air Force. He was accepted as an intelligence officer, and was posted to the Middle East. He served in Egypt, Palestine, and Greece before the war was over. While in the Middle East, he had an affair with a Greek army officer, Manoly Lascaris, who was to become his life partner.[15] White and Lascaris lived together in Cairo for six years before moving to a small farm purchased by White[16] at Castle Hill, near Sydney, in 1948. After the death of White's mother in 1963,[17] they moved into a large house, Highbury, in Centennial Park, where they lived for the rest of their lives. Growth of writing career[edit] White's house in Castle Hill, Sydney After the war, White once again returned to Australia, buying an old house in Castle Hill, now a Sydney suburb but then semi-rural. He named the house "The Dogwoods," after trees he planted there.[18] In this house, he settled down with Lascaris, the Greek he had met during the war. They lived there for 18 years, selling flowers, vegetables, milk, and cream as well as pedigreed puppies.[19] During these years he started to make a reputation for himself as a writer, publishing The Aunt's Story and The Tree of Man in the United States in 1955 and shortly after in the United Kingdom. The Tree of Man was released to rave reviews in the United States, but in what had become a typical pattern, it was panned in Australia. White had doubts about whether to continue writing after his books were largely dismissed in Australia (three of them having been called 'un-Australian' by critics), but, in the end, he decided to persevere. His first breakthrough in Australia came when his next novel, Voss, won the inaugural Miles Franklin Literary Award. In 1961, White published Riders in the Chariot. It was to become both a bestseller and a prizewinner, gaining him a second Miles Franklin Award. In 1963, White and Lascaris decided to sell the house at Castle Hill. A number of White's works from the 1960s depict the fictional town of Sarsaparilla, including his collection of short stories, The Burnt Ones, and the play, The Season at Sarsaparilla. By now, he had clearly established his reputation as one of the world's great authors, but remained an essentially private person, resisting opportunities for interviews and public appearances although his circle of friends had widened significantly. In 1968, White wrote The Vivisector, a searing character portrait of an artist. Many people[who?] drew links to the Sydney painter John Passmore (1904–84) and White's friend, the painter Sidney Nolan, but White denied the connections. Patrick White was an art collector who had, as a young man, been deeply impressed by his friends Roy De Maistre and Francis Bacon, and later said he wished he had been an artist.[20] By the mid-1960s, he had also become interested in encouraging dozens of young and less established artists, such as James Clifford, Erica McGilchrist, and Lawrence Daws.[20] White was later friends with Brett Whiteley, the young star of Australian painting, in the 1970s. That friendship ended when White felt that Whiteley, a heroin addict, was deceitful and pushy about selling his paintings.[20] A portrait of White by Louis Kahan won the 1962 Archibald Prize.[21] White decided not to accept any more prizes for his work, and he declined both the $10,000 Britannia Award and another Miles Franklin Award. White was approached by Harry M. Miller to work on a screenplay for Voss but nothing came of it. He became an active opponent of literary censorship and joined a number of other public figures in signing a statement of defiance against Australia's decision to participate in the Vietnam War. His name had sometimes been mentioned as a contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature, but in 1971, after losing to Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, he wrote to a friend: That Nobel Prize! I hope I never hear it mentioned again. I certainly don't want it; the machinery behind it seems a bit dirty, when we thought that only applied to Australian awards. In my case to win the prize would upset my life far too much, and it would embarrass me to be held up to the world as an Australian writer when, apart from the accident of blood, I feel I am temperamentally a cosmopolitan Londoner.[22] Patrick White's home Highbury, in Centennial Park, Sydney Nevertheless, in 1973, White did accept the Nobel Prize "for an epic and psychological narrative art, which has introduced a new continent into literature". His cause was said to have been championed by a Scandinavian diplomat resident in Australia.[23] White enlisted Nolan to travel to Stockholm to accept the prize on his behalf. The award had an immediate impact on his career, as his publisher doubled the print run for The Eye of the Storm and gave him a larger advance for his next novel. White used the money from the prize to establish a trust to fund the Patrick White Award, given annually to established creative writers who have received little public recognition. He was invited by the House of Representatives to be seated on the floor of the House in recognition of his achievement. White declined, explaining that his nature could not easily adapt itself to such a situation.[24] The last time such an invitation had been extended was in 1928, to Bert Hinkler. White was made Australian of the Year for 1974,[25] but in a typically rebellious fashion, his acceptance speech encouraged Australians to spend the day reflecting on the state of the country. Privately, he was less than enthusiastic about it. In a letter to Marshall Best on 27 January 1974, he wrote: "Something terrible happened to me last week. There is an organisation which chooses an Australian of the Year, who has to appear at an official lunch in Melbourne Town Hall on Australia Day. This year I was picked on as they had run through all the swimmers, tennis players, yachtsmen".[26] Personal life[edit] White and Lascaris hosted many dinner parties at Highbury, their Centennial Park home, in a leafy part of the affluent Eastern Suburbs of Sydney. In Patrick White, A Life, his biographer David Marr portrays White as a genial host but one who easily fell out with friends. White supported the conservative, business oriented Liberal Party of Australia until the election of Gough Whitlam's Labor government and, following the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, he became particularly antiroyalist, making a rare appearance on national television to broadcast his views on the matter. White also publicly expressed his admiration for the historian Manning Clark, satirist Barry Humphries, and unionist Jack Mundey. Failing health[edit] During the 1970s, White's health began to deteriorate: his teeth were crumbling, his eyesight was failing, and he had chronic lung problems - however, he also became a more openly political person, and began sometimes commenting on current issues. He was among the first group of Companions of the Order of Australia in 1975 but resigned in June 1976 in protest at the dismissal of the Whitlam government in November 1975 by the Governor-General Sir John Kerr.[27] In 1979, his novel The Twyborn Affair was shortlisted for the Booker Prize, but White requested that it to be removed to give younger writers a chance to win. (The prize was won by Penelope Fitzgerald, who ironically was just four years younger than White.) Soon after, White announced that he had written his last novel, and from then on, he would write only for radio or the stage. Director Jim Sharman introduced himself to White while walking down a Sydney street, some time after White had seen a politically loaded stage revue by Sharman, Terror Australis, which had been panned by Sydney newspaper critics, and had written a letter to the editor of a newspaper defending the show.[28] White felt somewhat cautious at first, not least due to the gulf in age between them, but after a while the two men became friends and Sharman and his theatrical circle, as well as his visual style as a director, would inspire White to a couple of new plays, notably Big Toys with its satirical portrayal of a posh and vulgar upper-class Sydney society.[29] A few years later, Sharman asked White if he could make a film of The Night the Prowler. White agreed and wrote the screenplay for the film.[30] In 1981, White published his autobiography, Flaws in the Glass: a self-portrait, which explored issues about which he had publicly said little such as his homosexuality, his dislike of the "subservient" attitude of Australian society towards Britain and the Royal family, and also the distance he had felt towards his mother. On Palm Sunday, 1982, White addressed a crowd of 30,000 people, calling for a ban on uranium mining and for the destruction of nuclear weapons. In 1986 White released one last novel, Memoirs of Many in One, but it was published under the pen name "Alex Xenophon Demirjian Gray" with White named as editor. In the same year, Voss was turned into an opera, with music by Richard Meale and the libretto adapted by David Malouf. White refused to see it when it was first performed at the Adelaide Festival of Arts, because Queen Elizabeth II had been invited, and chose instead to see it later in Sydney. In 1987, White wrote Three Uneasy Pieces, with his musings on ageing and society's efforts to achieve aesthetic perfection. When David Marr finished his biography of White in July 1990, his subject spent nine days going over the details with him. White died in Sydney on 30 September 1990. Legacy[edit] In 2009, The Sydney Theatre Company staged White's play The Season at Sarsaparilla. In 2010 White received posthumous recognition for his novel The Vivisector, which was shortlisted for the Lost Man Booker Prize for 1970.[31][32] In 2011 Fred Schepisi's film of The Eye of the Storm was released with screenplay adaptation by Judy Morris, Geoffrey Rush playing the son Basil, Judy Davis as the daughter Dorothy, and Charlotte Rampling as the dying matriarch Elizabeth Hunter. This is the first screen realisation of a White novel, fittingly the one that played a key role in the Swedish panel's choice of White as Nobel prize winner. List of works[edit] Novels Happy Valley (1939) The Living and the Dead (1941) The Aunt's Story (1948) The Tree of Man (1955) Voss (1957) Riders in the Chariot (1961) The Solid Mandala (1966) The Vivisector (1970) The Eye of the Storm (1973) A Fringe of Leaves (1976) The Twyborn Affair (1979) Memoirs of Many in One (1986) The Hanging Garden (2012) (Unfinished, posthumous) Short story collections The Burnt Ones (1964) The Cockatoos (1974) Three Uneasy Pieces (1987) Poetry Thirteen Poems / under the pseudonym Patrick Victor Martindale. – Sydney : Privately printed, (ca. 1929) The Ploughman and Other Poems. – Sydney : Beacon Press, (1935) Plays Bread and Butter Women (1935) Unpublished. The School for Friends (1935) Unpublished. Return to Abyssinia (1948) Unpublished. The Ham Funeral (1947) prem. Union Theatre, Adelaide, 1961. The Season at Sarsaparilla (1962) A Cheery Soul (1963) Night on Bald Mountain (1964) Big Toys (1977) Signal Driver: a Morality Play for the Times (1982) Netherwood (1983) Shepherd on the Rocks (1987) Screenplay The Night the Prowler (1978) Autobiography Flaws in the Glass (1981) Honours and awards[edit] In 1970, White was offered a knighthood but declined it.[33] Both White and Nugget Coombs were members of the first group of six people appointed Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) in the civil division, (now called the general division). The awards were announced in the 1975 Queen's Birthday Honours List.[34] They both resigned from the order in 1976, when the Knight of the Order of Australia (AK) was created.[35] Commemoration[edit] The Patrick White Lawns with temporary stage, March 2015. White is commemorated by the Patrick White Lawns adjacent to the National Library of Australia in Canberra. The lawns are on two levels, with the part nearest the library about 30 metres (98 ft) wide from the approximately 3-metre (10 ft) retaining wall of the main library entrance esplanade and 2 metres (7 ft) higher than the lower lawn. The lawns extend from the library north to Lake Burley Griffin and provide a venue for concerts and other large scale public events under the auspices of the National Capital Authority.[36] Notes[edit] ^ J. M. Coetzee won the award in 2003 as a South African citizen, before he became an Australian citizen in 2006. References[edit] ^ "Australian Nobel Prize Winners". Whitehat.com.au. 2 December 2006. Archived from the original on 2 September 2011. Retrieved 1 September 2011. ^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1973 – Press Release". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 7 May 2017. ^ Marr, David (1991). Patrick White, a life. Milsons Point, NSW: Random House. p. 4. ISBN 0091825857. ^ Sydney Morning Herald, 20 November 2003 ^ "Patrick White - Biographical". website. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 5 December 2013. ^ Marr, David (1991). Patrick White, a life. Milsons Point, NSW: Random House. pp. 37–38. ISBN 0091825857. ^ Marr, David (1991). Patrick White, a life. Milsons Point, NSW: Random House. p. 33. ISBN 0091825857. ^ Marr, David (1991). Patrick White, a life. Milsons Point, NSW: Random House. pp. 57–66. ISBN 0091825857. ^ Liukkonen, Petri. "Patrick White". Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi). Finland: Kuusankoski Public Library. Archived from the original on 11 January 2015. ^ "Thirteen poems / by P.V.M. White". National Library of Australia. National Library of Australia. Retrieved 29 October 2017. ^ Marr, David (1991). Patrick White, a life. Milsons Point, NSW: Random House. ISBN 0091825857. ^ Marr, David (1991). Patrick White, a life. Milsons Point, NSW: Random House. pp. 93–99. ISBN 0091825857. ^ "Social and Personal" Sydney Morning Herald 7 February 1935 p.13. Retrieved 27 November 2012. ^ Why bother with Patrick White?. Retrieved 27 November 2012. ^ Webby, Elizabeth (2000). The Cambridge Companion to Australian Literature. Cambridge University Press. p. 235. ISBN 0-521-65843-8. ^ Webby, Elizabeth (2012) White, Patrick Victor (Paddy) (1912–1990). Australian Dictionary of Biography. Accessed 6 March 2017 ^ Death notice, SMH, 2 November 1963. Ruth White's death occurred on 29 October. Details from a Ryerson Index search ^ The Hills Independent, Issue 49, July 2019, p.10 ^ Jones, Philip (8 December 2003). "Manoly Lascaris: Patrick White's devoted companion, and a source of good stories for his novels". The Guardian. UK. ^ a b c Hewitt, Helen Verity: Patrick White, Painter Manque. Carlton, Vic. : Miegunyah Press, 2002. ISBN 0-522-85032-4 ^ Portrait of Patrick White, (1962) by Louis Kahan, artgallery.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 18 November 2011. ^ Letter to Frederick Glover, 28 November 1971, in Patrick White: Letters, ed. David Marr, p. 389 ^ Wendy Lewis, Simon Balderstone and John Bowan (2006). Events That Shaped Australia. New Holland. pp. 244–247. ISBN 978-1-74110-492-9. ^ Gavin Souter, Acts of Parliament, p. 516 ^ Lewis, Wendy (2010). Australians of the Year. Pier 9 Press. ISBN 978-1-74196-809-5. ^ "A day Down Under". The Age. Australia. 26 January 2005. ^ Patrick White, Patrick White Speaks. (Retrieved 12 April 2014.) Note: It is often stated that Patrick White resigned from the Order of Australia for the same reason that "Nugget" Coombs did, namely, in protest at the introduction of the level of Knight and Dame into the order in May 1976. It is true that White's resignation came after that event, but it was not because of it. According to his own testimony, White's reason was the dismissal of the elected government of Gough Whitlam by the Governor-General Sir John Kerr in November 1975. Kerr had been influential in persuading White to accept the award in the first place. ^ White, Flaws in the Glass, ch. "Jimmy Sharman and his Acting Troupe" ^ white, ibid ^ Marr, David. Patrick White: A Life. Random House Australia, Sydney, 1991. ^ "Australian authors shortlisted for lost Man Booker Prize". The Sydney Morning Herald. 26 March 2010. Retrieved 7 April 2010. ^ Sorensen, Rosemary (27 March 2010). "Patrick White on 'Lost Booker' shortlist". The Australian. Retrieved 7 April 2010. ^ Marr, David (1991). Patrick White, a life. Milsons Point, NSW: Random House. p. 516. ISBN 0091825857. ^ Queen's Birthday Honours List 1975 Archived 12 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Commonwealth Gazette, hosted at Governor General's website. ^ Comments about the award and the resignations are made in "Nugget" Coombs Archived 23 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Australian Academy of Science, and Patrick White, Australian Dictionary of Biography. ^ Patrick White Lawns Archived 19 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine, National Capital Authority, 1 February 2011, accessed 8 March 2015 Further reading[edit] A Conversation with Patrick White, Australian Writers in Profile, Southerly, No.3 1973 Barry Argyle, Patrick White, Writers and Critics Series, Oliver and Boyd, London, 1967 Peter Beatson, The Eye in the Mandala, Patrick White: A Vision of Man and God, Barnes & Noble, London, 1976 John Docker, Patrick White and Romanticism: The Vivisector, Southerly, No.1, 1973 Simon During, Patrick White, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, VIC, 1996. Michael Wilding, Studies in Classic Australian Fiction, Sydney Studies in Society and Culture, 16, 1997 Ian Henderson and Anouk Lang (eds.) Patrick White Beyond the Grave, Anthem Press, 2015 Helen Verity Hewitt, Patrick White and the Influence of the Visual Arts in his Work, Doctoral Thesis, Dept. of English, University of Melbourne, 1995. Holland, Patrick (27 May 2002). "Patrick White (1912–1990)". glbtq.com. Archived from the original on 14 August 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007. Clayton Joyce (ed.) Patrick White: A Tribute, Angus & Robertson, Harper Collins, North Ryde, 1991. Brian Kiernan, Patrick White, Macmillan Commonwealth Writers Series, The Macmillan Press, London, 1980. Alan Lawson (ed.) Patrick White: Selected Writings, University of Queensland Press, St. Lucia, 1994 David Marr, Patrick White – A Life, Random House Australia, Sydney, 1991. David Marr (ed.), Patrick White Letters, Random House Australia, Sydney, 1994. Irmtraud Petersson, ‘’New "Light" on Voss: The Significance of its Title, World Literature Written in English 28.2 (Autumn 1988) 245-59. Laurence Steven, Dissociation and Wholeness in Patrick White's Fiction, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, Ontario, 1989. Elizabeth McMahon, Brigitta Olubas. Remembering Patrick White : contemporary critical essays, Rodopi, Amsterdam, New York, 2010. Patrick White, Patrick White Speaks, Primavera Press, Sydney, Publisher Paul Brennan, 1989. Stephen Michael Sasse, Companion notes to the Aunt's story by Patrick White, WriteLight, 2012. Cynthia Vanden Drissen, Writing the nation : Patrick White and the indigene, Rodopi, Amsterdam, New York, 2009. William Yang, Patrick White: The Late Years, PanMacmillan Australia, 1995 External links[edit] Media related to Patrick White at Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote has quotations related to: Patrick White Patrick White on Nobelprize.org Patrick White – Existential Explorer—essay by Karin Hansson at the official Nobel Prize website. Why Bother With Patrick White?—excerpts from White's novels, as well as a range of critical interpretations of his work and personal remembrances of White as a man, courtesy of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Patrick White reappraised from the Times Literary Supplement Press release from the National Library of Australia (NLA) to announce the acquisition of a large collection of Patrick White's personal documents and manuscripts. Online catalogue of the documents and manuscripts acquired by the NLA. Detailed analysis of White's acclaimed novel Voss, by Len Webster. Patrick White on Trove "Autobiography", Nobel prize v t e Works by Patrick White Novels Happy Valley (1939) The Living and the Dead (1941) The Aunt's Story (1948) The Tree of Man (1955) Voss (1957) Riders in the Chariot (1961) The Solid Mandala (1966) The Vivisector (1970) The Eye of the Storm (1973) A Fringe of Leaves (1976) The Twyborn Affair (1979) Memoirs of Many in One (1986) The Hanging Garden (2012) Short story collections The Burnt Ones (1964) The Cockatoos (1974) Three Uneasy Pieces (1987) Autobiography Flaws in the Glass (1981) Screenplays The Night the Prowler (1978) Plays The Ham Funeral (1947) The Season at Sarsaparilla (1962) A Cheery Soul (1963) Night on Bald Mountain (1964) Big Toys (1977) TV Adaptations A Cheery Soul (1966) Big Toys (1980) The Ham Funeral (1990) v t e Recipients of the Miles Franklin Literary Award 1957–1975 Patrick White (1957) Randolph Stow (1958) Vance Palmer (1959) Elizabeth O'Conner (1960) Patrick White (1961) Thea Astley / George Turner (1962) Sumner Locke Elliott (1963) George Johnston (1964) Thea Astley (1965) Peter Mathers (1966) Thomas Keneally (1967) Thomas Keneally (1968) George Johnston (1969) Dal Stivens (1970) David Ireland (1971) Thea Astley (1972) No award (1973) Ronald McKie (1974) Xavier Herbert (1975) 1976–2000 David Ireland (1976) Ruth Park (1977) Jessica Anderson (1978) David Ireland (1979) Jessica Anderson (1980) Peter Carey (1981) Rodney Hall (1982) No award (1983) Tim Winton (1984) Christopher Koch (1985) Elizabeth Jolley (1986) Glenda Adams (1987) No award (1988) Peter Carey (1989) Tom Flood (1990) David Malouf (1991) Tim Winton (1992) Alex Miller (1993) Rodney Hall (1994) Helen Demidenko (1995) Christopher Koch (1996) David Foster (1997) Peter Carey (1998) Murray Bail (1999) Thea Astley / Kim Scott (2000) 2001–present Frank Moorhouse (2001) Tim Winton (2002) Alex Miller (2003) Shirley Hazzard (2004) Andrew McGahan (2005) Roger McDonald (2006) Alexis Wright (2007) Steven Carroll (2008) Tim Winton (2009) Peter Temple (2010) Kim Scott (2011) Anna Funder (2012) Michelle de Kretser (2013) Evie Wyld (2014) Sofie Laguna (2015) A. S. Patrić (2016) Josephine Wilson (2017) Michelle de Kretser (2018) Melissa Lucashenko (2019) Tara June Winch (2020) v t e Laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1901–1925 1901: Sully Prudhomme 1902: Theodor Mommsen 1903: Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 1904: Frédéric Mistral / José Echegaray 1905: Henryk Sienkiewicz 1906: Giosuè Carducci 1907: Rudyard Kipling 1908: Rudolf Eucken 1909: Selma Lagerlöf 1910: Paul Heyse 1911: Maurice Maeterlinck 1912: Gerhart Hauptmann 1913: Rabindranath Tagore 1914 1915: Romain Rolland 1916: Verner von Heidenstam 1917: Karl Gjellerup / Henrik Pontoppidan 1918 1919: Carl Spitteler 1920: Knut Hamsun 1921: Anatole France 1922: Jacinto Benavente 1923: W. B. Yeats 1924: Władysław Reymont 1925: George Bernard Shaw 1926–1950 1926: Grazia Deledda 1927: Henri Bergson 1928: Sigrid Undset 1929: Thomas Mann 1930: Sinclair Lewis 1931: Erik Axel Karlfeldt 1932: John Galsworthy 1933: Ivan Bunin 1934: Luigi Pirandello 1935 1936: Eugene O'Neill 1937: Roger Martin du Gard 1938: Pearl S. Buck 1939: Frans Eemil Sillanpää 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944: Johannes V. Jensen 1945: Gabriela Mistral 1946: Hermann Hesse 1947: André Gide 1948: T. S. Eliot 1949: William Faulkner 1950: Bertrand Russell 1951–1975 1951: Pär Lagerkvist 1952: François Mauriac 1953: Winston Churchill 1954: Ernest Hemingway 1955: Halldór Laxness 1956: Juan Ramón Jiménez 1957: Albert Camus 1958: Boris Pasternak 1959: Salvatore Quasimodo 1960: Saint-John Perse 1961: Ivo Andrić 1962: John Steinbeck 1963: Giorgos Seferis 1964: Jean-Paul Sartre (declined award) 1965: Mikhail Sholokhov 1966: Shmuel Yosef Agnon / Nelly Sachs 1967: Miguel Ángel Asturias 1968: Yasunari Kawabata 1969: Samuel Beckett 1970: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 1971: Pablo Neruda 1972: Heinrich Böll 1973: Patrick White 1974: Eyvind Johnson / Harry Martinson 1975: Eugenio Montale 1976–2000 1976: Saul Bellow 1977: Vicente Aleixandre 1978: Isaac Bashevis Singer 1979: Odysseas Elytis 1980: Czesław Miłosz 1981: Elias Canetti 1982: Gabriel García Márquez 1983: William Golding 1984: Jaroslav Seifert 1985: Claude Simon 1986: Wole Soyinka 1987: Joseph Brodsky 1988: Naguib Mahfouz 1989: Camilo José Cela 1990: Octavio Paz 1991: Nadine Gordimer 1992: Derek Walcott 1993: Toni Morrison 1994: Kenzaburō Ōe 1995: Seamus Heaney 1996: Wisława Szymborska 1997: Dario Fo 1998: José Saramago 1999: Günter Grass 2000: Gao Xingjian 2001–present 2001: V. S. Naipaul 2002: Imre Kertész 2003: J. M. Coetzee 2004: Elfriede Jelinek 2005: Harold Pinter 2006: Orhan Pamuk 2007: Doris Lessing 2008: J. M. G. Le Clézio 2009: Herta Müller 2010: Mario Vargas Llosa 2011: Tomas Tranströmer 2012: Mo Yan 2013: Alice Munro 2014: Patrick Modiano 2015: Svetlana Alexievich 2016: Bob Dylan 2017: Kazuo Ishiguro 2018: Olga Tokarczuk 2019: Peter Handke 2020: Louise Glück v t e Winners of the Australian of the Year Award 1960s 1960 Frank Burnet 1961 Joan Sutherland 1962 Jock Sturrock 1963 John Eccles 1964 Dawn Fraser 1965 Robert Helpmann 1966 Jack Brabham 1967 The Seekers 1968 Lionel Rose 1969 Lord Casey 1970s 1970 Norman Gilroy 1971 Evonne Goolagong 1972 Shane Gould 1973 Patrick White 1974 Bernard Heinze 1975 John Cornforth/Alan Stretton 1976 Edward Dunlop 1977 Raigh Roe/Murray Tyrrell 1978 Alan Bond/Galarrwuy Yunupingu 1979 Neville Bonner/Harry Butler 1980s 1980 Manning Clark 1981 John Crawford 1982 Edward Williams 1983 Robert de Castella 1984 Lowitja O'Donoghue 1985 Paul Hogan 1986 Dick Smith 1987 John Farnham 1988 Kay Cottee 1989 Allan Border 1990s 1990 Fred Hollows 1991 Peter Hollingworth 1992 Mandawuy Yunupingu 1993 no award 1994 Ian Kiernan 1995 Arthur Boyd 1996 John Yu 1997 Peter Doherty 1998 Cathy Freeman 1999 Mark Taylor 2000s 2000 Gustav Nossal 2001 Peter Cosgrove 2002 Pat Rafter 2003 Fiona Stanley 2004 Steve Waugh 2005 Fiona Wood 2006 Ian Frazer 2007 Tim Flannery 2008 Lee Kernaghan 2009 Mick Dodson 2010s 2010 Patrick McGorry 2011 Simon McKeon 2012 Geoffrey Rush 2013 Ita Buttrose 2014 Adam Goodes 2015 Rosie Batty 2016 David Morrison 2017 Alan Mackay-Sim 2018 Michelle Simmons 2019 Craig Challen/Richard Harris (joint) 2020s 2020 James Muecke 2021 Grace Tame v t e Anti-nuclear movement in Australia Organisations and groups The Australia Institute Australian Conservation Foundation Australian Greens Australian Labor Party Campaign Against Nuclear Energy Conservation Council of South Australia Friends of the Earth Australia Greenpeace Australia Pacific Kupa Piti Kungka Tjuta Medical Association for Prevention of War Mineral Policy Institute Nuclear Disarmament Party Peace Organisation of Australia The Wilderness Society People Dorothy Auchterlonie Green David Bradbury Bob Brown Eileen Kampakuta Brown Kevin Buzzacott Helen Caldicott Moss Cass Ian Cohen Michael Denborough Mark Diesendorf Jim Falk Peter Garrett Jim Green Margaret Holmes Jacqui Katona Sandra Kanck Ian Lowe Scott Ludlam Yvonne Margarula Dee Margetts Jean Melzer Kerry Nettle Tilman Ruff Nancy Shelley Jo Vallentine Patrick White Stuart White Eileen Wani Wingfield Books Britain, Australia and the Bomb Greenhouse Solutions with Sustainable Energy Maralinga: Australia's Nuclear Waste Cover-up Reaction Time: Climate Change and the Nuclear Option See also Australia and weapons of mass destruction Australian Uranium Association Clean Energy Future Group List of inquiries into uranium mining in Australia Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents Nuclear power in Australia Nuclear weapons tests in Australia Olympic Dam, South Australia Ranger Uranium Environmental Inquiry Renewable energy commercialization Renewable energy in Australia Say Yes demonstrations Uranium mining in Australia Uranium mining in Kakadu National Park Authority control ADB: white-patrick-victor-14925 BNE: XX976349 BNF: cb11929132b (data) CANTIC: a11444988 CiNii: DA01674418 GND: 118767607 ISNI: 0000 0000 8120 171X LCCN: n79122650 MBA: 8e84849a-f0c9-4262-a712-00dc9ead9f4c NDL: 00460776 NKC: xx0003206 NLA: 35604496 NLI: 001848895 NLK: KAC199629870 NLP: A11996936 NTA: 068191200 PLWABN: 9810580409005606 SELIBR: 218621 SNAC: w69z94r6 SUDOC: 027196186 Trove: 543123 VIAF: 41847966 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n79122650 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patrick_White&oldid=994955403" Categories: 1912 births 1990 deaths English emigrants to Australia Alumni of King's College, Cambridge Australian anti–nuclear weapons activists Anti–Vietnam War activists Australian dramatists and playwrights Australian of the Year Award winners Australian male short story writers English anti–nuclear weapons activists English dramatists and playwrights English people of Australian descent English short story writers Gay writers LGBT writers from Australia LGBT writers from the United Kingdom Nobel laureates in Literature People educated at Cheltenham College People from Knightsbridge Writers from Sydney Writers from London Royal Air Force personnel of World War II Australian Nobel laureates English Nobel laureates Miles Franklin Award winners ALS Gold Medal winners Adaminaby 20th-century Australian novelists 20th-century English novelists 20th-century British dramatists and playwrights LGBT dramatists and playwrights LGBT novelists LGBT Nobel laureates Former Companions of the Order of Australia Australian male writers English male short story writers British male dramatists and playwrights English male novelists 20th-century Australian short story writers Australian male novelists Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links Articles with short description Short 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identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLP identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Languages العربية 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