Through the Looking-Glass - Wikipedia





	
	

	
	

	Through the Looking-Glass

	
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		Book by Lewis Carroll

For other uses, see Through the Looking Glass (disambiguation).





Through the Looking-Glass 	First edition cover of Through the Looking-Glass

	Author	Lewis Carroll
	Illustrator	John Tenniel
	Country	United Kingdom
	Language	English
	Genre	Children's fiction
	Publisher	Macmillan
	Publication date
	27 December 1871 (dated 1872)
	Pages	208
	Preceded by	Alice's Adventures in Wonderland 


Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (also known as Alice Through the Looking-Glass or simply Through the Looking-Glass) is a novel published on 27 December 1871 (though indicated as 1872)[1] by Lewis Carroll and the sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865). Alice again enters a fantastical world, this time by climbing through a mirror into the world that she can see beyond it. There she finds that, just like a reflection, everything is reversed, including logic (for example, running helps you remain stationary, walking away from something brings you towards it, chessmen are alive, nursery rhyme characters exist, and so on).

Through the Looking-Glass includes such verses as "Jabberwocky" and "The Walrus and the Carpenter", and the episode involving Tweedledum and Tweedledee. The mirror above the fireplace that is displayed at Hetton Lawn in Charlton Kings, Gloucestershire (a house that was owned by Alice Liddell's grandparents, and was regularly visited by Alice and Lewis Carroll) resembles the one drawn by John Tenniel, and is cited as a possible inspiration for Carroll.[2]

It was the first of the "Alice" stories to gain widespread popularity, and prompted a newfound appreciation for its predecessor when it was published.[3]


Contents


	1 Plot summary
	2 Characters
	2.1 Main characters
	2.2 Minor characters



	3 Writing style and symbolism
	3.1 Mirrors
	3.2 Chess
	3.3 Language



	4 Poems and songs
	5 The Wasp in a Wig
	6 Dramatic adaptations
	6.1 Stand-alone adaptations
	6.2 Adaptations with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
	6.2.1 Film and TV
	6.2.2 Stage productions



	6.3 Other



	7 See also
	8 References
	8.1 Footnotes
	8.2 Citations
	8.3 Other sources



	9 External links





Plot summary[edit]

Chapter One – Looking-Glass House: Alice is playing with a white kitten (whom she calls "Snowdrop") and a black kitten (whom she calls "Kitty") when she ponders what the world is like on the other side of a mirror's reflection. Climbing up onto the fireplace mantel, she pokes at the wall-hung mirror behind the fireplace and discovers, to her surprise, that she is able to step through it to an alternative world. In this reflected version of her own house, she finds a book with looking-glass poetry, "Jabberwocky", whose reversed printing she can read only by holding it up to the mirror. She also observes that the chess pieces have come to life, though they remain small enough for her to pick up.
  
Alice entering the looking-glass.


Chapter Two – The Garden of Live Flowers: Upon leaving the house (where it had been a cold, snowy night), she enters a sunny spring garden where the flowers can speak; they perceive Alice as being a "flower that can move about". Elsewhere in the garden, Alice meets the Red Queen, who is now human-sized, and who impresses Alice with her ability to run at breathtaking speeds.

Chapter Three – Looking-Glass Insects: The Red Queen reveals to Alice that the entire countryside is laid out in squares, like a gigantic chessboard, and offers to make Alice a queen if she can move all the way to the eighth rank/row in a chess match. Alice is placed in the second rank as one of the White Queen's pawns, and begins her journey across the chessboard by boarding a train that jumps over the third row and directly into the fourth rank, thus acting on the rule that pawns can advance two spaces on their first move. She arrives in a forest where a depressed gnat teaches her about the looking glass insects, strange creatures part bug part object (e.g., bread and butterfly, rocking horse fly), before flying away sadly. Alice continues her journey and along the way, crosses the "wood where things have no names". There she forgets all nouns, including her own name. With the help of a fawn who has also forgotten his identity, she makes it to the other side, where they both remember everything. Realizing that he is a fawn, she is a human, and that fawns are afraid of humans, it runs off (to Alice's frustration).


  
Alice meeting Tweedledum (centre) and Tweedledee (right)



Chapter Four – Tweedledum and Tweedledee: She then meets the fat twin brothers Tweedledum and Tweedledee, whom she knows from the nursery rhyme. After reciting the long poem "The Walrus and the Carpenter", they draw Alice's attention to the Red King—loudly snoring away under a nearby tree—and maliciously provoke her with idle philosophical banter that she exists only as an imaginary figure in the Red King's dreams. Finally, the brothers begin suiting up for battle, only to be frightened away by an enormous crow, as the nursery rhyme about them predicts.
  
The Red King dreaming



Chapter Five – Wool and Water: Alice next meets the White Queen, who is very absent-minded but boasts of (and demonstrates) her ability to remember future events before they have happened. Alice and the White Queen advance into the chessboard's fifth rank by crossing over a brook together, but at the very moment of the crossing, the Queen transforms into a talking Sheep in a small shop. Alice soon finds herself struggling to handle the oars of a small rowboat, where the Sheep annoys her with (seemingly) nonsensical shouting about "crabs" and "feathers".

Chapter Six – Humpty Dumpty: After crossing yet another brook into the sixth rank, Alice immediately encounters Humpty Dumpty, who, besides celebrating his unbirthday, provides his own translation of the strange terms in "Jabberwocky". In the process, he introduces Alice to the concept of portmanteau words, before his inevitable fall.


  
The White Knight


Chapter Seven – The Lion and the Unicorn: "All the king's horses and all the king's men" come to Humpty Dumpty's assistance, and are accompanied by the White King, along with the Lion and the Unicorn, who again proceed to act out a nursery rhyme by fighting with each other. In this chapter, the March Hare and Hatter of the first book make a brief re-appearance in the guise of "Anglo-Saxon messengers" called "Haigha" and "Hatta".

Chapter Eight – "It's my own Invention": Upon leaving the Lion and Unicorn to their fight, Alice reaches the seventh rank by crossing another brook into the forested territory of the Red Knight, who is intent on capturing the "white pawn"—Alice—until the White Knight comes to her rescue. Escorting her through the forest towards the final brook-crossing, the Knight recites a long poem of his own composition called Haddocks' Eyes, and repeatedly falls off his horse.

Chapter Nine – Queen Alice: Bidding farewell to the White Knight, Alice steps across the last brook, and is automatically crowned a queen, with the crown materialising abruptly on her head (a reference to pawn promotion). She soon finds herself in the company of both the White and Red Queens, who relentlessly confound Alice by using word play to thwart her attempts at logical discussion. They then invite one another to a party that will be hosted by the newly crowned Alice—of which Alice herself had no prior knowledge.

Chapter Ten – Shaking: Alice arrives and seats herself at her own party, which quickly turns into chaos. Alice finally grabs the Red Queen, believing her to be responsible for all the day's nonsense, and begins shaking her.

Chapter Eleven – Waking: Alice awakes in her armchair to find herself holding the black kitten, who she deduces to have been the Red Queen all along, with the white kitten having been the White Queen.

Chapter Twelve – Which dreamed it?: The story ends with Alice recalling the speculation of the Tweedle brothers, that everything may have been a dream of the Red King, and that Alice might herself be no more than a figment of his imagination. The book ends with the line "Life, what is it but a dream?"


Characters[edit]

Main characters[edit]


	Alice
	March Hare
	The Hatter
	Humpty Dumpty
	Red King
	Red Queen
	The Sheep
	Tweedledum and Tweedledee
	White King
	White Knight
	White Queen


 
	



Minor characters[edit]

Main article: List of minor characters in Through the Looking Glass

Writing style and symbolism[edit]

Mirrors[edit]

One of the key motifs of Through the Looking-Glass is that of mirrors, including the use of opposites, time running backwards, and so on, not to mention the title of the book itself. In fact, the themes and settings of the book make it somewhat of a mirror image to its predecessor, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865). The first book begins in the warm outdoors, on 4 May;[a] uses frequent changes in size as a plot device; and draws on the imagery of playing cards. The second book, however, opens indoors on a snowy, wintry night exactly six months later, on 4 November (the day before Guy Fawkes Night);[b] uses frequent changes in time and spatial directions as a plot device; and draws on the imagery of chess. 
  
Lewis Carroll's diagram of the story as a chess game



Chess[edit]

Whereas the first book has the deck of playing cards as a theme, Through the Looking-Glass is based on a game of chess, played on a giant chessboard with fields for squares. Most of the main characters are represented by a chess piece, with Alice being a pawn.

The looking-glass world is divided into sections by brooks or streams, with the crossing of each brook usually signifying a change in the scene, and corresponding to Alice advancing by one square. Furthermore, since the brook-crossings do not always correspond to the beginning and ends of chapters, most editions of the book visually represent the crossings by breaking the text with several lines of asterisks ( * * * ). The sequence of moves (white and red) is not always followed. The most extensive treatment of the chess motif in Carroll's novel is provided in Glen Downey's 1998 dissertation The Truth About Pawn Promotion: The Development of the Chess Motif in Victorian Fiction.[4]


Language[edit]

The White Queen offers to hire Alice as her lady's maid and to pay her "twopence a week, and jam every other day." Alice says that she doesn't want any jam today, to which the Queen replies, "you couldn't have it if you did want it. The rule is, jam tomorrow and jam yesterday—but never jam to-day." This is a reference to the rule in Latin that the word iam or jam—which means now, in the sense of already or at that time—cannot be used to describe now in the present, which is nunc in Latin. Therefore, "jam" is never available today.[5] This exchange is also a demonstration of the logical fallacy of equivocation.[6]
  
The Walrus and the Carpenter



Poems and songs[edit]

Most poems and songs of the book do not include a title.
	

	
To the Looking-Glass world it was Alice that said...




Tune for To the Looking-Glass world it was Alice that said...


	
Problems playing this file? See media help.


	"Introduction" (prelude; "Child of the pure unclouded brow…")
	"Jabberwocky"[c][7](chap.I)
	"Tweedledum and Tweedledee"[7](chap.IV)
	"The Walrus and the Carpenter"[d][7](chap.IV)
	"Humpty Dumpty"[7](chap.VI)
	Humpty Dumpty's poem ("In Winter when the fields are white…")[7](chap.VI)
	"The Lion and the Unicorn"[7](chap.VII)
	"Haddocks' Eyes" (i.e., "A-sitting on a Gate")[7](chap.IX)
	Red Queen's lullaby ("Hush-a-by lady, in Alice's lap…")[7](chap.X)
	"To the Looking-Glass world it was Alice that said…"[7](chap.X)
	White Queen's riddle ("'First, the fish must be caught'…")[7](chap.X)
	"A boat beneath a sunny sky"(postlude; acrostic poem in which putting the beginning letters of each line spell Alice Pleasance Liddell, the girl after whom the book's Alice is named[8]).[7]:210–11


The Wasp in a Wig[edit]

Lewis Carroll decided to suppress a scene involving what was described as "a wasp in a wig" (possibly a play on the commonplace expression "bee in the bonnet"). A biography of Carroll, written by Carroll's nephew, Stuart Dodgson Collingwood, suggests that one of the reasons for this suppression was a suggestion from his illustrator, John Tenniel,[9] who wrote in a letter to Carroll dated 1 June 1870:[10]


I am bound to say that the  'wasp'  chapter doesn't interest me in the least, and I can't see my way to a picture. If you want to shorten the book, I can't help thinking – with all submission – that there is your opportunity.


For many years, no one had any idea what this missing section was or whether it had survived. In 1974, a document purporting to be the galley proofs of the missing section was auctioned at Sotheby's; the catalogue description, in part, read, "the proofs were bought at the sale of the author's…personal effects…Oxford, 1898." The document would be won by John Fleming, a Manhattan book dealer, for a bid of about US$832 (equivalent to $4,313 in 2019).[11] The contents were subsequently published in Martin Gardner's More Annotated Alice (1990),[12] and is also available as a hardback book.[13]

The rediscovered section describes Alice's encounter with a wasp wearing a yellow wig, and includes a full previously unpublished poem. If included in the book, it would have followed, or been included at the end of, Chapter 8 – the chapter featuring the encounter with the White Knight. The discovery is generally accepted as genuine, but the proofs have yet to receive any physical examination to establish age and authenticity.[14]

The missing episode was included in the TV adaptation Alice through the Looking Glass (1998)


Dramatic adaptations[edit]

  
The Jabberwock



The book has been adapted several times, both in combination with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and as a stand-alone feature.


Stand-alone adaptations[edit]

	Alice Through a Looking Glass (1928),[15] a silent movie directed by Walter Lang, would be one of the earliest stand-alone adaptations of the book.
	A dramatised audio-recorded version, directed by Douglas Cleverdon, was released in 1959 by Argo Records. The book is narrated by Margaretta Scott, starring Jane Asher as Alice, along with actors Frank Duncan (Humpty Dumpty, Red King, Frog), Tony Church, Norman Shelley, and Carleton Hobbs.[16]
	Alice Through a Looking Glass (1966) was a NBC TV musical special, first airing on 6 November. The special includes music by Moose Charlap, and stars Ricardo Montalban, Agnes Moorehead, Jack Palance, Jimmy Durante, and the Smothers Brothers, along with Judi Rolin in the role of Alice.[17][18]
	Alice Through the Looking Glass (1973) is a BBC TV movie, directed by James MacTaggart and starring Sarah Sutton as Alice.[19]
	Alice in the Land in the Other Side of the Mirror (1982) is a 38-minute Soviet cutout-animated TV film produced by Kievnauchfilm studio and directed by Yefrem Pruzhanskiy. Despite its translated name, the film's original, Russian title is Алиса В Зазеркалье, 'Alice in Wonderland'.[20]
	Alice Through the Looking Glass (1987) is an animated TV movie starring Janet Waldo as the voice of Alice, as well as the voices of Mr. T as the Jabberwock, Jonathan Winters, and Phyllis Diller.[21]
	Alice through the Looking Glass (1998) is a Channel 4 TV movie, starring Kate Beckinsale as the role of Alice, which restored the lost "Wasp in a Wig" episode.[22]
	A 2-hour multimedia stage production (2007), conceived by Andy Burden, was produced by the Tobacco Factory. The show would be directed by Burden and written by Hattie Naylor, with music and lyrics by Paul Dodgson.[23]
	Through the Looking Glass (2008) was a chamber opera composed by Alan John to a libretto by Andrew Upton.[24]
	Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016), directed by James Bobin, is a sequel to the Tim-Burton-directed Disney reboot Alice in Wonderland (2010).
	The BBC Radio 4 show Saturday Drama broadcast an adaptation by Stephen Wyatt on 22 December 2011. The broadcast featured Lewis Carroll, voiced by Julian Rhind-Tutt, as both the narrator and an active character in the story. Other actors include Lauren Mote (Alice), Carole Boyd (Red Queen), Sally Phillips (White Queen), Nicholas Parsons (Humpty-Dumpty), Alistair McGowan (Tweedledum & Tweedledee), and John Rowe (White Knight).[25]


Adaptations with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland[edit]

Film and TV[edit]

	Alice in Wonderland (1933) is a pre-code live-action film directed by Norman Z. McLeod, with Charlotte Henry in the role of Alice, along with Cary Grant, Gary Cooper, and others. Despite the title, the film features most elements from Through the Looking Glass as well, including Humpty Dumpty (played by W. C. Fields) and a Harman-Ising animated version of "The Walrus and the Carpenter".[26]
	The animated Alice in Wonderland (1951) is the 13th animated feature film of Walt Disney and the most famous among all direct adaptions of Carroll's work. The film features several elements from Through the Looking-Glass, including the talking flowers, Tweedledee & Tweedledum, and "The Walrus and the Carpenter".[27]
	Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1972), a musical film starring Fiona Fullerton as Alice, includes the twins Fred and Frank Cox as Tweedledum & Tweedledee.[28]
	Nel Mondo Di Alice ("In the World of Alice") is a 1974 Italian TV series that covers both novels, particularly Through the Looking-Glass in episodes 3 and 4.[29]
	Alice in Wonderland (2010), directed by Tim Burton, is a live-action Disney reboot that follows Alice at an adult age, containing elements from both books.[30]
	Alice in Wonderland (1985) is a two-part TV musical produced by Irwin Allen that covers both books, and stars Natalie Gregory as Alice. In this adaptation, the Jabberwock materialises into reality after Alice reads "Jabberwocky", pursuing her throughout the second half of the musical.[31]
	Fushigi no Kuni no Arisu (1985; Japanese: ふしぎの国のアリス) is an anime adaptation of the two novels in which later episodes adhere more closely with Through the Looking Glass.
	Alice in Wonderland (1999), a made-for-TV Hallmark/NBC film with Tina Majorino as Alice, uses elements from Through the Looking Glass, such as the talking flowers, Tweedledee & Tweedledum, and "The Walrus and the Carpenter", as well as the chess theme, including the snoring Red King and White Knight.[32]
	Alice (2009) is a Syfy TV miniseries that contains elements from both novels.[33]


Stage productions[edit]

  
Maidie Andrews as Alice in Alice Through the Looking-Glass at the Comedy Theatre, London during the Christmas period 1903–04. Pictured in The Tatler (January 1904)


 
	Alice in Concert (1980), also known as Alice at the Palace, was a production written and produced by Elizabeth Swados. Performed on a bare stage, the production starred Meryl Streep in the role of Alice, with additional supporting cast by Mark Linn-Baker and Betty Aberlin.
	Lookingglass Alice (2007) was an acrobatic interpretation of both novels, produced by the Lookingglass Theater Company, that performed in New York City, Philadelphia, and Chicago,[34] with a version of the show touring the rest of the United States.[35]
	A 2-part production by Iris Theatre in London was staged in the summer of 2013, in which the second part consisted of Through the Looking-Glass. Both parts included Laura Wickham in the role of Alice.[36]
	Alice (2010), written by Laura Wade, was a modern adaptation of both books that premiered at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield in 2010.[37]
	Wonder.land (2015), a live musical by Moira Buffini and Damon Albarn, takes some characters from the second novel, notably Dum and Dee and Humpty Dumpty, while the Queen of Hearts and the Red Queen are merged into one character.
	Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass (2001) was a stage adaption by Adrian Mitchell for the Royal Shakespeare Company, in which the second act consists of Through the Looking-Glass.[36]
	Alice's Adventures Under Ground (2020), a one-act opera written in 2016 by Gerald Barry and first staged at the Royal Opera House, is a conflation of the two novels.[38]


Other[edit]

	Jabberwocky (1977) is a film that expands the story of the poem "Jabberwocky".[39]
	Thru the Mirror (1936) is a Mickey Mouse short film in which Mickey travels through his mirror and into a bizarre world.
	Donald in Mathmagic Land (1959) is a film that includes a segment with Donald Duck dressed as Alice meeting the Red Queen on a chessboard.
	Through the Looking-Glass (2011) was a ballet by American composer John Craton
	Through the Zombie Glass (2013) is a book by Gena Showalter


See also[edit]


	Novels portal
	Children's literature portal
	United Kingdom portal




	Alice Chess
	"I Am the Walrus"
	Translations of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
	Translations of Through the Looking-Glass
	Vorpal sword
	Works based on Alice in Wonderland




References[edit]

Footnotes[edit]


	^ During the "Mad Tea-Party", Alice reveals that the date is "the fourth" and that the month is "May" (chap.7).

	^ In the first chapter, Alice speaks of the snow outside and the "bonfire" that "the boys" are building for a celebration "to-morrow," a clear reference to the traditional bonfires of Guy Fawkes Night that take place on 5 November. In Chapter 5, she affirms that her age is "seven and a half exactly."

	^ See "Jabberwocky" full poem including readings, via Wikisource.

	^ See "Walrus and the Carpenter" full poem, via Wikisource.





Citations[edit]


	^ Oxford Companions. 1986. Oxford Companion to English Literature (5th Ed.).

	^ Carroll, Lewis (1997). Lewis Carroll's Diaries: Containing Journal 8, May 1862 to September 1864. Lewis Carroll Society. p. 186.

	^ 
Carpenter, Humphrey (1985). Secret Gardens: The Golden Age of Children's Literature. Houghton Mifflin. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-395-35293-9.

	^ Downey, Glenn R. 1998. "The Truth About Pawn Promotion: The Development of the Chess Motif in Victorian Fiction" [dissertation]. Retrieved via National Library of Canada.

	^ Cook, Eleanor (2006). Enigmas and Riddles in Literature. New York: Cambridge University Press. 
ISBN 0521855101. p. 163.

	^ 
Almossawi, Ali. "An Illustrated Book of Bad Arguments". pp. 16–7. Retrieved 15 June 2019.

	^ a b c d e f g h i j k Carroll, Lewis. 1897 [1872]. Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There. Philadelphia: Henry Altemus Company.

	^ Bedtime-Story. 1999. "The Background & History of 'Alice in Wonderland'" Bedtime-Story Classics. Retrieved 29 January 2007.

	^ 
Symon, Evan V. (18 June 2014) [2013]. "10 Deleted Chapters that Transformed Famous Books". Listverse.

	^ 
Gardner, Martin (2000). The Annotated Alice. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 283. ISBN 978-0-393-04847-6.

	^ University Libraries. "The Wasp in a Wig: A 'Suppressed' Episode of Through The Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There" [exhibit item]. Alice 150 Years and Counting…The Legacy of Lewis Carroll. University of Maryland Libraries.

	^ Gardner, Martin. (1990) More Annotated Alice. New York: Clarkson N. Potter. 
ISBN 0-394-58571-2.

	^ Carroll, Lewis (1977). The Wasp in a Wig: A Suppressed Episode of 'Through The Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There. New York: Lewis Carroll Society of North America.

	^ 
Leach, Karoline (2015). "The Curious Case of the Wasp in the Wig" (PDF). Contrariwise. Retrieved 17 January 2019.

	^ Alice Through a Looking Glass (1928) on IMDb

	^ Cleverdon, Douglas (1959). Alice Through the Looking Glass [sound recording]. Written by Lewis Carroll (1872). London: Argo. Retrieved via National Library of Australia and Archived on 10 April 2020.

	^ Handley, Alan'. 1966. Alice Through the Looking Glass, with music by M. Charlap, lyrics by E. Simmons. USA: NBC. TV special. See Alice Through the Looking Glass (1966) on IMDb.

	^ "Alice Through the Looking Glass – 1966 Television Soundtrack." Masterworks Broadway. Track listing.

	^ MacTaggart, James. 1973. Alice Through the Looking Glass. UK: BBC. Television special. See Alice Through the Looking Glass (1973) on IMDb.

	^ Pruzhanskiy, Yefrem. 1982. Alice in the Land in the Other Side of the Mirror. RU: Kievnauchfilm. Retrieved from Animator.ru.

	^ Bresciani, Andrea, and Richard Slapczynski. 1987. Alice Through the Looking Glass. AU: Burbank Films Australia. See Alice Through the Looking Glass (1987) on IMDb.

	^ Henderson, John. 1998. Alice Through the Looking Glass. UK: Projector Productions and Channel 4. See Alice Through the Looking Glass (1998) on IMDb.

	^ Burden, Andy (dir.). Alice Through a Looking Glass [live production], written by H. Naylor, music by P. Dodgson. Factory Theatre: Tobacco Factory Theatres.

	^ Upton, Andrew. 2008. Through the Looking Glass [opera], composed by A. John. Malthouse Theatre: Victorian Opera.

	^ Wyatt, Stephen. 2011. "Lewis Carroll - Alice Through the Looking Glass" [radio broadcast], Saturday Drama. UK: BBC Radio 4. Retrieved via BBC Radio on 10 April 2020.

	^ McLeod, Norman Z. 1933. Alice in Wonderland. US: Paramount Pictures. [Motion picture]. See Alice in Wonderland (1933) on IMDb.

	^ Geronimi, Clyde, Wilfred Jackson and Hamilton Luske. 1951. Alice in Wonderland. US: Walt Disney Studios. See Alice in Wonderland (1951) on IMDb.

	^ Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1972) on IMDb

	^ 
fictionrare2 (29 September 2014), Nel mondo di Alice 3^p, retrieved 23 April 2016

	^ Alice in Wonderland (2010) on IMDb

	^ Alice in Wonderland (1985) on IMDb

	^ Alice in Wonderland (1999) on IMDb

	^ Alice (2009) on IMDb

	^ 
"Lookingglass Alice Video Preview". Lookingglasstheatre.org. Archived from the original on 27 October 2011. Retrieved 5 November 2011.

	^ 
"Lookingglass Alice | Lookingglass Theatre Company". Lookingglasstheatre.org. 13 February 2007. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.

	^ a b 
"Theatre adaptations (excluding reimaginings)". all-in-the-golden-afternoon96.tumblr.com. Retrieved 23 April 2016.

	^ Wade, Laura. 2012. Alice. Oberon Modern Plays. Oberon Books.  
ISBN 9781849433570. [Theatre script]. Retrieved via Google Books.


	^ 
"Alice's Adventures Under Ground". Royal Opera House. Retrieved 6 February 2020.

	^ Jabberwocky (1977) on IMDb




Other sources[edit]


	
Tymn, Marshall B.; Kenneth J. Zahorski and Robert H. Boyer (1979). Fantasy Literature: A Core Collection and Reference Guide. New York: R.R. Bowker Co. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-8352-1431-5.
	
Gardner, Martin (1990). More Annotated Alice. New York: Random House. p. 363. ISBN 978-0-394-58571-0.
	
Gardner, Martin (1960). The Annotated Alice. New York: Clarkson N. Potter. pp. 180–181.




External links[edit]

	 Quotations related to Through the Looking-Glass at Wikiquote
	 Media related to Through the Looking-Glass at Wikimedia Commons
	A catalogue of illustrated editions of the Alice books from 1899 to 2009
	The Lewis Carroll Society UK


	Online texts


	 The full text of Through the Looking-Glass at Wikisource


	 Through the Looking-Glass at Project Gutenberg
	 Through the Looking-Glass public domain audiobook at LibriVox


		v
	t
	e


Lewis Carroll's Alice

	
	Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
	Through the Looking-Glass
	The Hunting of the Snark




	
	Universe

	
	Characters	
	Alice's Adventures
in Wonderland	
	Alice
	Bill the Lizard
	Caterpillar
	Cheshire Cat
	Dodo
	Dormouse
	Duchess
	Gryphon
	Hatter
	King of Hearts
	Knave of Hearts
	March Hare
	Mock Turtle
	Mouse
	Pat
	Puppy
	Queen of Hearts
	White Rabbit




	Through the
Looking-Glass	
	Bandersnatch
	Humpty Dumpty
	Jubjub bird
	Red King
	Red Queen
	Sheep
	The Lion and the Unicorn
	Tweedledum and Tweedledee
	White King
	White Knight
	White Queen







	Locations
and events	
	Wonderland
	Looking-glass world
	Unbirthday




	Poems	
	"All in the golden afternoon..."
	"How Doth the Little Crocodile"
	"The Mouse's Tale"
	"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Bat"
	"You Are Old, Father William"
	"'Tis the Voice of the Lobster"
	"Jabberwocky"
	Vorpal sword


	"The Walrus and the Carpenter"
	"Haddocks' Eyes"
	"The Mock Turtle's Song"
	The Hunting of the Snark




	Related	
	Alice Liddell
	Alice's Shop
	Illustrators
	John Tenniel


	Theophilus Carter
	The Annotated Alice
	Mischmasch
	Works based on Alice in Wonderland
	Films and television
	Disney franchise


	Translations of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
	Translations of Through the Looking-Glass










	
	Media

	
	Adaptations
(portrayals
of Alice)	
	Stage	
	Alice in Wonderland (1886 musical)
	Alice in Wonderland (1979 opera)
	But Never Jam Today (1979 musical)
	Through the Looking Glass (2008 opera)
	Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (2011 ballet)
	Wonderland (2011 musical)
	Peter and Alice (2013 play)
	Wonder.land (2015 musical)
	Alice's Adventures Under Ground (2016 opera)
	Alice by Heart (2019 musical)




	Film	
	1903
	1910
	1915
	Alice Comedies (1923–1927)
	1931
	1933
	1949
	Disney, 1951
	Alice of Wonderland in Paris (1966)
	1972
	1976
	Alice or the Last Escapade (1977)
	1981
	1982
	1988 (Czechoslovak)
	1988 (Australian)
	Malice in Wonderland (2009)
	2010
	Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016)
	Come Away (2020)




	Television	
	Alice in Wonderland (1962)
	Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid Like You Doing in a Place Like This? (1966)
	Alice in Wonderland (1966)
	Fushigi no Kuni no Alice (1983)
	1985 (TV film)
	Alice Through the Looking Glass (1987)
	Adventures in Wonderland (1991)
	Alice through the Looking Glass (1998)
	Alice in Wonderland (1999)
	Alice (2009)
	Once Upon a Time in Wonderland (2013)




	Video games	
	Through the Looking Glass (1984)
	Alice in Wonderland (1985)
	Wonderland (1990)
	Alice no Paint Adventure (1995)
	Alice in Wonderland (2000)
	American McGee's Alice (2000)
	Alice in Wonderland (2010)
	Alice: Madness Returns (2011)




	Sequels	
	A New Alice in the Old Wonderland (1895)
	New Adventures of Alice (1917)
	Alice Through the Needle's Eye (1984)
	Automated Alice (1996)
	Wonderland Revisited and the Games Alice Played There (2009)




	Retellings	
	The Nursery "Alice" (1890)
	Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Retold in Words of One Syllable (1905)
	Alice in Verse: The Lost Rhymes of Wonderland (2010)




	Parodies	
	The Westminster Alice (1902)
	Clara in Blunderland (1902)
	Lost in Blunderland (1903)
	John Bull's Adventures in the Fiscal Wonderland (1904)
	Alice in Blunderland: An Iridescent Dream (1904)
	The Looking Glass Wars
	2004
	2007
	2009






	Imitations	
	Mopsa the Fairy (1869)
	Davy and the Goblin (1884)
	The Admiral's Caravan (1891)
	Gladys in Grammarland (1896)
	A New Wonderland (1898)
	Rollo in Emblemland (1902)
	Justnowland (1912)
	Alice in Orchestralia (1925)




	Literary	
	Alice in Borderland
	Alice in Murderland
	Alice in the Country of Hearts
	Miyuki-chan in Wonderland




	Related	
	"White Rabbit" (1967 song)
	Jabberwocky (1971 film)
	Jabberwocky (1977 film)
	Dreamchild (1985 film)
	The Hunting of the Snark (1991 musical)
	Alice in Wonderland (franchise)













	
	 Book
	 Category







	
	v
	t
	e


Lewis Carroll

	Literary works	
	Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865)
	Rhyme? And Reason? (1869)
	Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (1871)
	"Jabberwocky"
	"The Walrus and the Carpenter"


	The Hunting of the Snark (1876)
	A Tangled Tale (1885)
	Sylvie and Bruno (1889, 1893)
	"The Mad Gardener's Song"


	The Nursery "Alice" (1890)
	"What the Tortoise Said to Achilles" (1895)




	Mathematical works	
	Euclid and his Modern Rivals (1879)
	"The Alphabet Cipher" (1868)
	The Game of Logic (1887)
	Symbolic Logic (1896, 1977)




	Other	
	Eight or Nine Wise Words About Letter-Writing




	Related	
	Charles Dodgson (father)
	Charles Dodgson (grandfather)














Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Through_the_Looking-Glass&oldid=996161468"


		Categories: 	Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
	1872 British novels
	1870s children's books
	1872 fantasy novels
	Victorian novels
	Children's fantasy novels
	British children's novels
	Works by Lewis Carroll
	Books illustrated by John Tenniel
	Macmillan Publishers books
	Sequel novels
	Novels about chess
	Surreal comedy
	British novels adapted into films
	British novels adapted into television shows
	1872 in the United Kingdom
	Novels set in fictional countries


Hidden categories: 	Articles with short description
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	EngvarB from August 2014
	Use dmy dates from October 2020
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	Articles containing Russian-language text
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	Commons category link is on Wikidata
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	Articles with LibriVox links




	




	





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		 This page was last edited on 24 December 2020, at 21:59 (UTC).
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