Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey - Wikipedia Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search 16th-century English nobleman This article includes a list of general references, but it remains largely unverified because it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Henry Howard Earl of Surrey A controversial painting of Surrey in 1546 with the arms of his royal ancestors Edward II (left) and Edward III (right) Coat of arms Arms of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, KG Born c. 1517 Hunsdon, Hertfordshire Died 19 January 1547 (aged 29–30) Tower Hill, Tower of London, London Buried Church of St Michael the Archangel, Framlingham, Suffolk Noble family Howard Spouse(s) Frances de Vere Issue Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton Jane Howard, Countess of Westmorland Margaret Howard, Lady Scrope Catherine Howard, Lady Berkeley Father Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk Mother Lady Elizabeth Stafford Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (1516/1517 – 19 January 1547), KG, (courtesy title), was an English nobleman, politician and poet. He was one of the founders of English Renaissance poetry and the last known execution by King Henry VIII. He was a first cousin of both Queen Anne Boleyn and Queen Catherine Howard, second and fifth wives of King Henry VIII. His name is usually associated in literature with that of Sir Thomas Wyatt, who was the older poet of the two. He was the son of Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey and when his father became Duke of Norfolk (1524) the son adopted the courtesy title of Earl of Surrey. Owing largely to the powerful position of his father, Howard took a prominent part in the Court life of the time, and served as a soldier both in France and Scotland. He was a man of reckless temper, which involved him in many quarrels, and finally brought upon him the wrath of the ageing and embittered Henry VIII. He was arrested, tried for treason and beheaded on Tower Hill. Contents 1 Origins 2 Career 3 Marriage and progeny 4 Downfall 5 Burial 6 Literary activity and legacy 7 In popular culture 8 Ancestry 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links Origins[edit] He was born in Hunsdon, Hertfordshire,[1] the eldest son of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk by his second wife Elizabeth Stafford, a daughter of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham. He was thus descended from King Edward I on his father's side and from King Edward III on his mother's side. Career[edit] He was brought-up at Windsor Castle with Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset, the illegitimate son of King Henry VIII. He became a close friend, and later a brother-in-law, of Fitzroy following the marriage of his sister to him.[2] Like his father and grandfather, he was a soldier, serving in Henry VIII's French wars as Lieutenant General of the King on Sea and Land. He was repeatedly imprisoned for rash behaviour, on one occasion for striking a courtier, on another for wandering through the streets of London breaking the windows of houses whose occupants were asleep.[2] He assumed the courtesy title Earl of Surrey in 1524 when his grandfather died and his father became Duke of Norfolk.[3] In 1532 he accompanied Anne Boleyn (his first cousin), King Henry VIII, and the Duke of Richmond to France, staying there for more than a year as a member of the entourage of King Francis I of France. 1536 was a notable year for Howard: his first son was born, namely Thomas Howard (later 4th Duke of Norfolk), Anne Boleyn was executed on charges of adultery and treason, and the Duke of Richmond died at the age of 17 and was buried at Thetford Abbey, one of the Howard seats. In 1536 Howard also served with his father in the suppression of the Pilgrimage of Grace, a rebellion against the Dissolution of the Monasteries.[3] Marriage and progeny[edit] Frances de Vere, by Hans Holbein the Younger, c. 1535 He married Frances de Vere, a daughter of John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford,[1] (by his wife Elizabeth Trussell) by whom he had two sons and three daughters: Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk (10 March 1536 – 2 June 1572), who married three times: (1) Mary FitzAlan (2) Margaret Audley (3) Elizabeth Leyburne. Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton, who died unmarried. Jane Howard, who married Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland. Margaret Howard, who married Henry Scrope, 9th Baron Scrope of Bolton. Katherine Howard, who married Henry Berkeley, 7th Baron Berkeley. Downfall[edit] The arms for which Howard was attainted (Edward the Confessor's arms are in the fifth quarter with a label of three points plain Argent).[4] The Howards had little regard for the "new men" who had risen to power at court, such as Thomas Cromwell and the Seymours. Howard was less circumspect than his father in concealing his disdain. The Howards had many enemies at court.[5] Howard himself branded Cromwell a 'foul churl' and William Paget a 'mean creature' as well as arguing that 'These new erected men would by their wills leave no nobleman on life!'[6] Henry VIII, consumed by paranoia and increasing illness, became convinced that Howard had planned to usurp the crown from his son the future King Edward VI. Howard suggested that his sister Mary FitzRoy, Duchess of Richmond and Somerset (widow of Henry's illegitimate son Henry Fitzroy) should seduce the aged King, her father-in-law, and become his mistress, to "wield as much influence on him as Madame d'Etampes doth about the French King". The Duchess, outraged, said she would "cut her own throat" rather than "consent to such villainy".[7] She and her brother fell out, and she later laid testimony against Howard that helped lead to his trial and execution for treason. The matter came to a head when Howard quartered the attributed arms of King Edward the Confessor. John Barlow had once called Howard "the most foolish proud boy that is in England" and, although the arms of Howard's ancestor Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk show that he was entitled to bear Edward the Confessor's arms, doing so was an act of pride. [8] In consequence, the King ordered Howard's imprisonment and that of his father, sentencing them to death on 13 January 1547. Howard was beheaded on 19 January 1547 on a charge of treasonably quartering the royal arms. His father survived execution as the king died the day before that appointed for the beheading, but he remained imprisoned. Howard's son Thomas Howard became heir to the Dukedom of Norfolk in place of his father, which title he inherited on the 3rd Duke's death in 1554. Burial[edit] Howard's chest tomb in Framlingham Church, Suffolk, displaying the arms of Howard and de Vere He was buried in Framlingham Church in Suffolk, where survives his spectacular painted alabaster tomb. Literary activity and legacy[edit] He and his friend Sir Thomas Wyatt were the first English poets to write in the sonnet form that Shakespeare later used, and Howard was the first English poet to publish blank verse (unrhymed iambic pentameter) in his translation of the second and fourth books of Virgil's Aeneid. Together, Wyatt and Howard, due to their excellent translations of Petrarch's sonnets, are known as "Fathers of the English Sonnet". While Wyatt introduced the sonnet into English, it was Howard who gave them the rhyming meter and the division into quatrains that now characterises the sonnets variously named English, Elizabethan, or Shakespearean sonnets.[9][10] In popular culture[edit] Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey was portrayed by actor David O'Hara in The Tudors, a television series which ran from 2007 to 2010.[11] Ancestry[edit] This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Ancestors of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey 16. Sir Robert Howard 8. John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk 17. Lady Margaret de Mowbray 4. Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk 18. William de Moleyns 9. Katherine de Moleyns 19. Margery Whalesborough 2. Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk 20. Sir Philip Tilney 10. Sir Frederick Tilney 21. Isabel Thorpe 5. Elizabeth Tilney, Countess of Surrey 22. Sir Laurence Cheney 11. Elizabeth Cheney 23. Elizabeth Cockayne 1. Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey 24. Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Stafford 12. Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham 25. Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Stafford 6. Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham 26. Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers 13. Lady Catherine Woodville 27. Jacquetta of Luxembourg 3. Lady Elizabeth Stafford 28. Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland 14. Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland 29. Eleanor Poynings 7. Lady Eleanor Percy 30. William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke 15. Lady Maud Herbert, Countess of Northumberland 31. Anne Devereux, Countess of Pembroke References[edit] ^ a b "Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey", Poetry Foundation ^ a b The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Sixteenth/Early Seventeenth Century, Volume B, 2012, pg. 661 ^ a b Chisholm 1911. sfn error: no target: CITEREFChisholm1911 (help) ^ Jessie Childs, Henry VIII's Last Victim: The Life and Times of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2007), plate 35. ^ Jessie Childs, Henry VIII's Last Victim: The Life and Times of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2007). ^ Jessie Childs, Henry VIII's Last Victim: The Life and Times of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2007), p. 1. ^ Hart, Kelly (1 June 2009). The Mistresses of Henry VIII (First ed.). The History Press. pp. 194–197. ISBN 0-7524-4835-8. ^ The Heraldic Charge Against the Earl of Surrey, Peter R. Moore, English Historical Review, Volume CXVI, pages 557 to 583, (2001). ^ The Shakespearean Sonnet ^ Sonnets ^ "Cast: Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey". The Tudors. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2 January 2015. Further reading[edit] Hutchinson, Robert (2009). House of Treason: the Rise and Fall of a Tudor Dynasty. Williams, Neville (1989). A Tudor Tragedy: Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk. Head, David M. (1995). The Ebbs and Flows of Fortune: Life of Thomas Howard, the Duke of Norfolk. Lee, Sidney (1891). "Howard, Henry (1517?-1547)" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. 28. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 23–28. Childs, Jessie (2008). Henry VIII's Last Victim: The Life and Times... Keene, Dennis (ed.). Selected Poems by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. Fyfield Books. Yeowell, James (ed.). The Poems of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey.—with a memoir by the editor Brigden, Susan. "Howard, Henry, earl of Surrey (1516/17–1547)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13905. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) External links[edit] Wikisource has original works written by or about: Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey Wikiquote has quotations related to: Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey Works by or about Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey at Internet Archive Works by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) "Complaint of the Absence of Her Lover Being upon the Sea" set to music From the 1990 concept album "Tyger and Other Tales” Authority control BIBSYS: 96012831 BNE: XX1002269 BNF: cb135146666 (data) CiNii: DA02781253 GND: 118799460 ISNI: 0000 0001 1600 8072 LCCN: n50083266 MBA: df37656a-a950-4ee1-a3ef-cf1b02606856 NKC: xx0002226 NLA: 35532552 NLI: 000128449 NTA: 067769527 PLWABN: 9810623957105606 RERO: 02-A000158443 SELIBR: 209713 SNAC: w6pc36nz SUDOC: 050485466 Trove: 987105 VcBA: 495/89287 VIAF: 17378697 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n50083266 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Howard,_Earl_of_Surrey&oldid=999554385" Categories: 1517 births 1547 deaths Courtesy earls 16th-century English poets Heirs apparent who never acceded Howard family (English aristocracy) Knights of the Garter People executed under the Tudors for treason against England Executed people from Hertfordshire Sonneteers Prisoners in the Tower of London People executed by Tudor England by decapitation People executed under Henry VIII People convicted under a bill of attainder Executions at the Tower of London Latin–English translators English male poets English politicians convicted of crimes Translators of Virgil Hidden categories: Harv and Sfn no-target errors Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata EngvarB from June 2017 Use dmy dates from June 2017 Articles lacking in-text citations from January 2011 All articles lacking in-text citations Articles needing additional references from March 2014 All articles needing additional references Articles incorporating Cite DNB template Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB Articles with Internet Archive links Articles with LibriVox links Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLI identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with RERO identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with VcBA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikisource Languages العربية Български Čeština Cymraeg Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara Français Italiano Македонски مصرى Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Suomi Svenska Edit links This page was last edited on 10 January 2021, at 19:49 (UTC). 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