Sinclair Lewis - Wikipedia Sinclair Lewis From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Not to be confused with his contemporary, Upton Sinclair, novelist and political activist. Sinclair Lewis Lewis in 1930 Born Harry Sinclair Lewis (1885-02-07)February 7, 1885 Sauk Centre, Minnesota, United States Died January 10, 1951(1951-01-10) (aged 65) Rome, Italy Occupation Novelist, playwright, short story writer Alma mater Yale University Notable works Main Street Babbitt Arrowsmith Notable awards Nobel Prize in Literature 1930 Spouse Grace Livingston Hegger (1914–1925) (divorced) Dorothy Thompson (1928–1942) (divorced) Children 2 Signature Harry Sinclair Lewis (February 7, 1885 – January 10, 1951) was an American writer and playwright. In 1930, he became the first writer from the United States (and the first from the Americas) to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, which was awarded "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters." His works are known for their critical views of American capitalism and materialism between the wars.[1] He is also respected for his strong characterizations of modern working women. H. L. Mencken wrote of him, "[If] there was ever a novelist among us with an authentic call to the trade ... it is this red-haired tornado from the Minnesota wilds."[2] Contents 1 Childhood and education 2 Early career 3 Marriage and family 4 Commercial success 5 Nobel Prize 6 Later years 6.1 Death 6.2 Legacy 7 Works 7.1 Novels 7.2 Short stories 7.2.1 The Short Stories of Sinclair Lewis (1904–1949) 7.3 Articles 7.4 Plays 7.5 Screenplay 7.6 Poems 7.7 Forewords 7.8 Books 8 See also 9 References 9.1 Citations 9.2 Sources 10 Further reading 11 External links Childhood and education[edit] The Sinclair Lewis Boyhood Home museum Born February 7, 1885, in the village of Sauk Centre, Minnesota, Lewis began reading books at a young age and kept a diary. He had two older siblings, Fred (born 1875) and Claude (born 1878). His father, Edwin J. Lewis, was a physician and a stern disciplinarian who had difficulty relating to his sensitive, unathletic third son. Lewis's mother, Emma Kermott Lewis, died in 1891. The following year, Edwin Lewis married Isabel Warner, whose company young Lewis apparently enjoyed. Throughout his lonely boyhood, the ungainly Lewis—tall, extremely thin, stricken with acne and somewhat pop-eyed—had trouble making friends and pined after various local girls. At the age of 13, he unsuccessfully ran away from home, wanting to become a drummer boy in the Spanish–American War.[3] In late 1902, Lewis left home for a year at Oberlin Academy (the then-preparatory department of Oberlin College) to qualify for acceptance at Yale University. While at Oberlin, he developed a religious enthusiasm that waxed and waned for much of his remaining teenage years. He entered Yale in 1903, but did not receive his bachelor's degree until 1908, having taken time off to work at Helicon Home Colony, Upton Sinclair's cooperative-living colony in Englewood, New Jersey, and to travel to Panama. Lewis's unprepossessing looks, "fresh" country manners and seemingly self-important loquacity made it difficult for him to win and keep friends at Oberlin and Yale. He did initiate a few relatively long-lived friendships among students and professors, some of whom recognized his promise as a writer.[4] Lewis later became an atheist.[5] Early career[edit] Lewis's earliest published creative work—romantic poetry and short sketches—appeared in the Yale Courant and the Yale Literary Magazine, of which he became an editor. After graduation Lewis moved from job to job and from place to place in an effort to make ends meet, writing fiction for publication and to chase away boredom. While working for newspapers and publishing houses (and for a time at the Carmel-by-the-Sea, California writers' colony), he developed a facility for turning out shallow, popular stories that were purchased by a variety of magazines. He also earned money by selling plots to Jack London, including one for the latter's unfinished novel The Assassination Bureau, Ltd. Lewis's first published book was Hike and the Aeroplane, a Tom Swift-style potboiler that appeared in 1912 under the pseudonym Tom Graham. Sinclair Lewis's first serious novel, Our Mr. Wrenn: The Romantic Adventures of a Gentle Man, appeared in 1914, followed by The Trail of the Hawk: A Comedy of the Seriousness of Life (1915) and The Job (1917). That same year also saw the publication of another potboiler, The Innocents: A Story for Lovers, an expanded version of a serial story that had originally appeared in Woman's Home Companion. Free Air, another refurbished serial story, was published in 1919. Marriage and family[edit] Lewis with Thompson and son in 1935 In 1914 Lewis married Grace Livingston Hegger (1887–1981), an editor at Vogue magazine. They had one son, Wells Lewis (1917–1944), named after British author H. G. Wells. Serving as a U.S. Army lieutenant during World War II, Wells Lewis was killed in action on October 29 amid Allied efforts to rescue the "Lost Battalion" in France.[6][7] Dean Acheson, the future Secretary of State, was a neighbor and family friend in Washington, and observed that Sinclair's literary "success was not good for that marriage, or for either of the parties to it, or for Lewis's work" and the family moved out of town.[8] Lewis divorced Grace on April 16, 1925.[9] On May 14, 1928, he married Dorothy Thompson, a political newspaper columnist. Later in 1928, he and Dorothy purchased a second home in rural Vermont.[10] They had a son, Michael Lewis (1930-1975), who became a stage actor. Their marriage had virtually ended by 1937, and they divorced in 1942.[11] Commercial success[edit] Upon moving to Washington, D.C., Lewis devoted himself to writing. As early as 1916, he began taking notes for a realistic novel about small-town life. Work on that novel continued through mid-1920, when he completed Main Street, which was published on October 23, 1920.[12] His biographer Mark Schorer wrote that the phenomenal success of Main Street "was the most sensational event in twentieth-century American publishing history".[13] Lewis's agent had the most optimistic projection of sales at 25,000 copies. In its first six months, Main Street sold 180,000 copies,[14] and within a few years, sales were estimated at two million.[15] According to biographer Richard Lingeman, "Main Street made [Lewis] rich—earning him about 4 million current [2018] dollars".[16] Sinclair Lewis's former residence in Washington, D.C. Lewis followed up this first great success with Babbitt (1922), a novel that satirized the American commercial culture and boosterism. The story was set in the fictional Midwestern town of Zenith, Winnemac, a setting to which Lewis returned in future novels, including Gideon Planish and Dodsworth. Lewis continued his success in the 1920s with Arrowsmith (1925), a novel about the challenges faced by an idealistic doctor. It was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, which Lewis declined,[17] still upset that Main Street had not won the prize.[18] It was adapted as a 1931 Hollywood film directed by John Ford and starring Ronald Colman which was nominated for four Academy Awards. Next Lewis published Elmer Gantry (1927), which depicted an evangelical minister as deeply hypocritical. The novel was denounced by many religious leaders and banned in some U.S. cities. It was adapted for the screen more than a generation later as the basis of the 1960 movie starring Burt Lancaster, who earned a Best Actor Oscar for his performance in the title role. The film won two more awards as well. Lewis next published Dodsworth (1929), a novel about the most affluent and successful members of American society. He portrayed them as leading essentially pointless lives in spite of great wealth and advantages. The book was adapted for the Broadway stage in 1934 by Sidney Howard, who also wrote the screenplay for the 1936 film version directed by William Wyler, which was a great success at the time. The film is still highly regarded; in 1990, it was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry, and in 2005 Time magazine named it one of the "100 Best Movies" of the past 80 years.[19] During the late 1920s and 1930s, Lewis wrote many short stories for a variety of magazines and publications. "Little Bear Bongo" (1930) is a tale about a bear cub who wants to escape the circus in search of a better life in the real world, first published in Cosmopolitan magazine.[20][21] The story was acquired by Walt Disney Pictures in 1940 for a possible feature film. World War II sidetracked those plans until 1947. Disney used the story (now titled "Bongo") as part of its feature Fun and Fancy Free. Nobel Prize[edit] In 1930 Lewis won the Nobel Prize in Literature, the first writer from the United States to receive the award, after he had been nominated by Henrik Schück, member of the Swedish Academy.[22] In the Academy's presentation speech, special attention was paid to Babbitt. In his Nobel Lecture, Lewis praised Theodore Dreiser, Willa Cather, Ernest Hemingway, and other contemporaries, but also lamented that "in America most of us—not readers alone, but even writers—are still afraid of any literature which is not a glorification of everything American, a glorification of our faults as well as our virtues," and that America is "the most contradictory, the most depressing, the most stirring, of any land in the world today." He also offered a profound criticism of the American literary establishment: "Our American professors like their literature clear and cold and pure and very dead."[23] Later years[edit] Sinclair Lewis examines Lewis Browne's new novel as they begin their 1943 lecture tour After winning the Nobel Prize, Lewis wrote eleven more novels, ten of which appeared in his lifetime. The best remembered is It Can't Happen Here (1935), a novel about the election of a fascist to the American presidency. After praising Dreiser as "pioneering," that he "more than any other man, marching alone, usually unappreciated, often hated, has cleared the trail from Victorian and Howellsian timidity and gentility in American fiction to honesty and boldness and passion of life" in his Nobel Lecture in December 1930,[23] in March 1931 Lewis publicly accused Dreiser of plagiarizing a book by Dorothy Thompson, Lewis's wife, which led to a well-publicized fight, wherein Dreiser repeatedly slapped Lewis. Thompson initially made the accusation in 1928 regarding her work "The New Russia" and Dreiser's "Dreiser Goes to Russia", though the New York Times also linked the dispute to competition between Dreiser and Lewis over the Nobel Prize.[24][25] Dreiser fired back that Sinclair's 1928 novel Arrowsmith (adapted later that year as a feature film) was unoriginal and that Dreiser himself was first approached to write it, which was disputed by the wife of Arrowsmith's subject, microbiologist Dr. Paul de Kruif.[26][25] The feud carried on for some months.[27] In 1944, however, Lewis campaigned to have Dreiser recognized by the American Academy of Arts and Letters.[25] After an alcoholic binge in 1937, Lewis checked in for treatment to the Austen Riggs Center, a psychiatric hospital in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. His doctors gave him a blunt assessment that he needed to decide "whether he was going to live without alcohol or die by it, one or the other."[28] Lewis checked out after ten days, lacking any "fundamental understanding of his problem," as one of his physicians wrote to a colleague.[28] In the autumn of 1940, Lewis visited his old acquaintance, William Ellery Leonard, in Madison, Wisconsin. Leonard arranged a meeting with the chancellor of the University of Wisconsin-Madison and a tour of the campus. Lewis immediately became enthralled with the university and the city and offered to remain and teach a course in creative writing in the upcoming semester. For a month he was quite enamored of his professorial role.[29] Suddenly, on November 7, after giving only five classes to his select group of 24 students, he announced that he had taught them all that he knew. He left Madison the next day.[30] In the 1940s, Lewis and rabbi-turned-popular author Lewis Browne frequently appeared on the lecture platform together,[31] touring the United States and debating before audiences of as many as 3,000 people, addressing such questions as "Has the Modern Woman Made Good?", "The Country Versus the City", "Is the Machine Age Wrecking Civilization?", and "Can Fascism Happen Here?". The pair were described as "the Gallagher and Shean of the lecture circuit" by Lewis biographer Richard Lingeman.[32] In the early 1940s, Lewis lived in Duluth, Minnesota.[33] During this time, he wrote the novel Kingsblood Royal (1947), set in the fictional city of Grand Republic, Minnesota, an enlarged and updated version of Zenith.[33] It is based on the Sweet Trials in Detroit in which an African-American doctor was denied the chance to purchase a house in a "white" section of the city. Kingsblood Royal was a powerful and very early contribution to the civil rights movement. In 1943, Lewis went to Hollywood to work on a script with Dore Schary, who had just resigned as executive head of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's low-budget film department to concentrate on writing and producing his own films. The resulting screenplay was Storm In the West, "a traditional American western"[34] — except for the fact that it was also an allegory of World War II, with primary villain Hygatt (Hitler) and his henchmen Gribbles (Goebbels) and Gerrett (Goering) plotting to take over the Franson Ranch, the Poling Ranch, and so on. The screenplay was deemed too political by MGM studio executives and was shelved, and the film was never made. Storm In the West was finally published in 1963, with a foreword by Schary detailing the work's origins, the authors' creative process, and the screenplay's ultimate fate. Sinclair Lewis had been a frequent visitor to Williamstown, Massachusetts. In 1946, he rented Thorvale Farm on Oblong Road. While working on his novel Kingsblood Royal, he purchased this summer estate and upgraded the Georgian mansion along with a farmhouse and many outbuildings. By 1948, Lewis had created a gentleman's farm consisting of 720 acres of agricultural and forest land. His intended residence in Williamstown was short-lived because of his medical problems.[35] Death[edit] Lewis died in Rome from advanced alcoholism on January 10, 1951, aged 65. His body was cremated and his remains were buried at Greenwood Cemetery in Sauk Centre, Minnesota. His final novel World So Wide (1951) was published posthumously. William Shirer, a friend and admirer of Lewis, disputes accounts that Lewis died of alcoholism. He reported that Lewis had a heart attack and that his doctors advised him to stop drinking if he wanted to live. Lewis did not stop, and perhaps could not; he died when his heart stopped.[36] In summarizing Lewis's career, Shirer concludes:[36] It has become rather commonplace for so-called literary critics to write off Sinclair Lewis as a novelist. Compared to...Fitzgerald, Hemingway, Dos Passos, and Faulkner...Lewis lacked style. Yet his impact on modern American life...was greater than all of the other four writers together. Legacy[edit] Compared to his contemporaries, Lewis' reputation suffered a precipitous decline among literary scholars throughout the 20th century.[37] Despite his enormous popularity during the 1920s, by the 21st century most of his works had been eclipsed in prominence by other writers with less commercial success during the same time period, such as F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway.[38] Since the 2010s there has been renewed interest in Lewis' work, in particular his 1935 dystopian satire It Can't Happen Here. In the aftermath of the 2016 United States Presidential Election, It Can't Happen Here surged to the top of Amazon's list of best-selling books.[39] He has been honored by the U.S. Postal Service with a postage stamp in the Great Americans series. Works[edit] Sinclair Lewis in 1914 Sinclair Lewis Novels[edit] 1912: Hike and the Aeroplane (juvenile, as Tom Graham) 1914: Our Mr. Wrenn: The Romantic Adventures of a Gentle Man 1915: The Trail of the Hawk: A Comedy of the Seriousness of Life 1917: The Job: An American Novel 1917: The Innocents: A Story for Lovers 1919: Free Air Serialized in The Saturday Evening Post, May 31, June 7, June 14 and 21, 1919 1920: Main Street: The Story of Carol Kennicott 1922: Babbitt Excerpted in Hearst's International, October 1922 1925: Arrowsmith 1926: Mantrap Serialized in Collier's, February 20, March 20 and April 24, 1926 1927: Elmer Gantry 1928: The Man Who Knew Coolidge: Being the Soul of Lowell Schmaltz, Constructive and Nordic Citizen 1929: Dodsworth 1933: Ann Vickers Serialized in Redbook, August, November and December 1932 1934: Work of Art 1935: It Can't Happen Here 1938: The Prodigal Parents 1940: Bethel Merriday 1943: Gideon Planish 1943: Harri Serialized in Good Housekeeping, August, September 1943 ISBN 978-1523653508 1945: Cass Timberlane: A Novel of Husbands and Wives Appeared in Cosmopolitan, July 1945. 1947: Kingsblood Royal 1949: The God-Seeker 1951: World So Wide (posthumous) Babbitt, Mantrap and Cass Timberline were published as Armed Services Editions during WWII. Short stories[edit] 1907: "That Passage in Isaiah", The Blue Mule, May 1907 1907: "Art and the Woman", The Gray Goose, June 1907 1911: "The Way to Rome", The Bellman, May 13, 1911 1915: "Commutation: $9.17", The Saturday Evening Post, October 30, 1915 1915: "The Other Side of the House", The Saturday Evening Post, November 27, 1915 1916: "If I Were Boss", The Saturday Evening Post, January 1 and 8, 1916 1916: "I'm a Stranger Here Myself", The Smart Set, August 1916 1916: "He Loved His Country", Everybody's Magazine, October 1916 1916: "Honestly If Possible", The Saturday Evening Post, October 14, 191 1917: "Twenty-Four Hours in June", The Saturday Evening Post, February 17, 1917 1917: "The Innocents", Woman's Home Companion, March 1917 1917: "A Story with a Happy Ending", The Saturday Evening Post, March 17, 1917 1917: "Hobohemia", The Saturday Evening Post, April 7, 1917 1917: "The Ghost Patrol", The Red Book Magazine, June 1917 Adapted for the silent film The Ghost Patrol (1923) 1917: "Young Man Axelbrod", The Century, June 1917 1917: "A Woman by Candlelight", The Saturday Evening Post, July 28, 1917 1917: "The Whisperer", The Saturday Evening Post, August 11, 1917 1917: "The Hidden People", Good Housekeeping, September 1917 1917: "Joy-Joy", The Saturday Evening Post, October 20, 1917 1918: "A Rose for Little Eva", McClure's, February 1918 1918: "Slip It to 'Em", Metropolitan Magazine, March 1918 1918: "An Invitation to Tea", Every Week, June 1, 1918 1918: "The Shadowy Glass", The Saturday Evening Post, June 22, 1918 1918: "The Willow Walk", The Saturday Evening Post, August 10, 1918 1918: "Getting His Bit", Metropolitan Magazine, September 1918 1918: "The Swept Hearth", The Saturday Evening Post, September 21, 1918 1918: "Jazz", Metropolitan Magazine, October 1918 1918: "Gladvertising", The Popular Magazine, October 7, 1918 1919: "Moths in the Arc Light", The Saturday Evening Post, January 11, 1919 1919: "The Shrinking Violet", The Saturday Evening Post, February 15, 1919 1919: "Things", The Saturday Evening Post, February 22, 1919 1919: "The Cat of the Stars", The Saturday Evening Post, April 19, 1919 1919: "The Watcher Across the Road", The Saturday Evening Post, May 24, 1919 1919: "Speed", The Red Book Magazine, June 1919 1919: "The Shrimp-Colored Blouse", The Red Book Magazine, August 1919 1919: "The Enchanted Hour", The Saturday Evening Post, August 9, 1919 1919: "Danger — Run Slow", The Saturday Evening Post, October 18 and 25, 1919 1919: "Bronze Bars", The Saturday Evening Post, December 13, 1919 1920: "Habaes Corpus", The Saturday Evening Post, January 24, 1920 1920: "Way I See It", The Saturday Evening Post, May 29, 1920 1920: "The Good Sport", The Saturday Evening Post, December 11, 1920 1921: "A Matter of Business", Harper's, March 1921 1921: "Number Seven to Sagapoose", The American Magazine, May 1921 1921: "The Post-Mortem Murder", The Century, May 1921 1923: "The Hack Driver", The Nation, August 29, 1923[40] 1929: "He Had a Brother", Cosmopolitan, May 1929 1929: "There Was a Prince", Cosmopolitan, June 1929 1929: "Elizabeth, Kitty and Jane", Cosmopolitan, July 1929 1929: "Dear Editor", Cosmopolitan, August 1929 1929: "What a Man!", Cosmopolitan, September 1929 1929: "Keep Out of the Kitchen", Cosmopolitan, October 1929 1929: "A Letter from the Queen", Cosmopolitan, December 1929 1930: "Youth", Cosmopolitan, February 1930 1930: "Noble Experiment", Cosmopolitan, August 1930 1930: "Little Bear Bongo", Cosmopolitan, September 1930 Adapted for the animated feature film Fun and Fancy Free (1947) 1930: "Go East, Young Man", Cosmopolitan, December 1930 1931: "Let's Play King", Cosmopolitan, January, February and March 1931 1931: "Pajamas", Redbook, April 1931 1931: "Ring Around a Rosy", The Saturday Evening Post, June 6, 1931 1931: "City of Mercy", Cosmopolitan, July 1931 1931: "Land", The Saturday Evening Post, September 12, 1931 1931: "Dollar Chasers", The Saturday Evening Post, October 17 and 24, 1931 1935: "The Hippocratic Oath", Cosmopolitan, June 1935 1935: "Proper Gander", The Saturday Evening Post, July 13, 1935 1935: "Onward, Sons of Ingersoll!", Scribner's, August 1935 1936: "From the Queen", Argosy, February 1936 1941: "The Man Who Cheated Time", Good Housekeeping, March 1941 1941: "Manhattan Madness", The American Magazine, September 1941 1941: "They Had Magic Then!", Liberty, September 6, 1941 1943: "All Wives Are Angels", Cosmopolitan, February 1943 1943: "Nobody to Write About", Cosmopolitan, July 1943 1943: "Green Eyes—A Handbook of Jealousy", Cosmopolitan, September and October 1943 The Short Stories of Sinclair Lewis (1904–1949)[edit] Samuel J. Rogal edited The Short Stories of Sinclair Lewis (1904–1949), a seven-volume set published in 2007 by Edwin Mellen Press. The first attempt to collect all of Lewis's short stories.[41] Volume 1 (June 1904 – January 1916) ISBN 9780773454873 Volume 2 (August 1916 – October 1917) ISBN 9780773454897 Volume 3 (January 1918 – February 1919) ISBN 9780773454910 Volume 4 (February 1919 – May 1921) ISBN 9780773454194 Volume 5 (August 1923 – April 1931) ISBN 9780773453562 Volume 6 (June 1931 – March 1941) ISBN 9780773453067 Volume 7 (September 1941 – May 1949) ISBN 9780773452763 Articles[edit] 1915: "Nature, Inc.", The Saturday Evening Post, October 2, 1915 1917: "For the Zelda Bunch", McClure's, October 1917 1918: "Spiritualist Vaudeville", Metropolitan Magazine, February 1918 1919: "Adventures in Autobumming: Gasoline Gypsies", The Saturday Evening Post, December 20, 1919 1919: "Adventures in Autobumming: Want a Lift?", The Saturday Evening Post, December 27, 1919 1920: "Adventures in Autobumming: The Great American Frying Pan", The Saturday Evening Post, January 3, 1920 Plays[edit] 1919: Hobohemia 1934: Jayhawker: A Play in Three Acts (with Lloyd Lewis) 1936: It Can't Happen Here (with John C. Moffitt) 1938: Angela Is Twenty-Two (with Fay Wray) Adapted for the feature film This Is the Life (1944) Screenplay[edit] 1943: Storm In the West (with Dore Schary – unproduced)[34] Poems[edit] 1907: "The Ultra-Modern", The Smart Set, July 1907 1907: "Dim Hours of Dusk", The Smart Set, August 1907 1907: "Disillusion", The Smart Set, December 1907 1909: "Summer in Winter", People's Magazine, February 1909 1912: "A Canticle of Great Lovers", Ainslee's Magazine, July 1912 Forewords[edit] 1942: Henry Ward Beecher: An American Portrait (by Paxton Hibben; publisher: The Press of the Readers Club, NY NY) Books[edit] 1915: Tennis As I Play It (ghostwritten for Maurice McLoughlin)[42] 1926: John Dos Passos' Manhattan Transfer 1929: Cheap and Contented Labor: The Picture of a Southern Mill Town in 1929 1935: Selected Short Stories of Sinclair Lewis 1952: From Main Street to Stockholm: Letters of Sinclair Lewis, 1919–1930 (edited by Alfred Harcourt and Oliver Harrison) 1953: A Sinclair Lewis Reader: Selected Essays and Other Writings, 1904–1950 (edited by Harry E. Maule and Melville Cane) 1962: I'm a Stranger Here Myself and Other Stories (edited by Mark Schorer) 1962: Sinclair Lewis: A Collection of Critical Essays (edited by Mark Schorer) 1985: Selected Letters of Sinclair Lewis (edited by John J. Koblas and Dave Page) 1997: If I Were Boss: The Early Business Stories of Sinclair Lewis (edited by Anthony Di Renzo) 2000: Minnesota Diary, 1942–46 (edited by George Killough) 2005: Go East, Young Man: Sinclair Lewis on Class in America (edited by Sally E. Parry) 2005: The Minnesota Stories of Sinclair Lewis (edited by Sally E. Parry) See also[edit] Sinclair Lewis Boyhood Home The Palmer House (Sauk Centre) References[edit] Citations[edit] ^ "Sinclair Lewis". Biography.com. Retrieved October 13, 2017. ^ Bode, Carl (1969) Mencken. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press. p. 166. ^ Schorer, 3–22. ^ Schorer, 47–136 ^ Kauffman, Bill. America First!: Its History, Culture, and Politics. Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 1995. Print. "Sinclair Lewis was...town atheist..." Pg. 118 ^ Steidl, Franz (2008) Lost Battalions: Going for Broke in the Vosges, Autumn 1944. New York: Random House. p. 87. ISBN 0307537900 ^ Scharnhorst, Gary and Hofer, Matthew eds. (2012) Sinclair Lewis Remembered. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-8173-8627-6 ^ Acheson, Dean (1962). Morning and Noon. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 44. ^ Richard Lingeman, Sinclair Lewis: Rebel from Main Street ^ Lewis, Sinclair (September 23, 1929), "Thoughts on Vermont", Vermont Weathervane; talk given to the Rutland, Vt. Rotary. ^ Nancy, Cott (April 30, 2020). "A Good Journalist Understands That Fascism Can Happen Anywhere, Anytime: On the 1930s Antifascist Writing of Dorothy Thompson". Literary Hub. Retrieved May 2, 2020. ^ "The Romance of Sinclair Lewis". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved June 17, 2008. ^ Schorer, 268 ^ Pastore, 91 ^ Schorer, 235, 263–69 ^ Lingeman, 156. ^ The Sinclair Lewis Society, FAQ Accessed September 15, 2013. ^ McDowell, Edwin (May 11, 1984). "Publishing: Pulitzer Controversies". The New York Times. Retrieved February 15, 2018. ^ "Dodsworth (1936)", Time, February 12, 2005. Retrieved June 30, 2010. ^ Bongo Bear at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on March 6, 2015. ^ "Miscellania", Sinclair Lewis Manuscripts, Port Washington Public Library. Retrieved June 30, 2010. ^ "Nomination Database". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved October 13, 2017. ^ a b Lewis, Sinclair (December 12, 1930). "Nobel Lecture: The American Fear of Literature". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved March 21, 2018. ^ "Lewis Is Slapped by Dreiser in Club; Principals in 'He Who Gets Slapped'". The New York Times. March 21, 1931. p. 11. Retrieved March 21, 2018. ^ a b c Arthur, Anthony (2002). Literary feuds : a century of celebrated quarrels from Mark Twain to Tom Wolfe. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. pp. 66–72. ISBN 9780312272098. OCLC 49698991. ^ "Lewis Calls Witness to Challenge Dreiser; Gets Mrs. de Kruif's Denial That Rival Author Was Asked First to Write 'Arrowsmith'". The New York Times. March 25, 1931. Retrieved March 21, 2018. ^ "Boast of Publicity Defied by Dreiser; Novelist Rebuked by Court as He Passes Lie in Connection With Slapping of Lewis". The New York Times. July 23, 1931. Retrieved March 21, 2018. ^ a b Lingeman, 420–422 ^ "Letter from Sinclair Lewis to Marcella Powers, October 7, 1940 :: St. Cloud State University – Sinclair Lewis Letters to Marcella Powers". reflections.mndigital.org. Retrieved July 13, 2016. ^ Hove, Arthur (1991). The University of Wisconsin: A Pictorial History. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 493–495. ISBN 9780299130008. ^ Chamberlain, John (October 7, 1943) "Books of the Times". Review of See What I Mean? by Lewis Browne. The New York Times. ^ Lingeman, 455 ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 1, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2016.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ a b Lewis, Sinclair; Schary, Dore (1963). Storm In the West. New York: Stein and Day. ^ Gagnon, Order of the Carmelites, Pius M. Before Carmel Came to the Berkshires. Courtesy of the Williamstown Historical Museum, 1095 Main Street, Williamstown, MA 01267. pp. 19–22.CS1 maint: location (link) ^ a b William L. Shirer, 20th Century Journey: A Memoir of a Life and the Times vol. 1: The Start: 1904–1930 (NY: Bantam Books, 1980) 458-9 ^ Schwarz, Benjamin (February 1, 2002). "Sheer Data". The Atlantic. Retrieved July 31, 2020. ^ "Our Damaged Nobel Laureate". Los Angeles Times. March 31, 2002. Retrieved July 31, 2020. ^ Stelter, Brian (January 28, 2017). "Amazon's best-seller list takes a dystopian turn in Trump era". CNNMoney. Retrieved July 31, 2020. ^ "The Hack Driver" (PDF). Footprints Without Fleet: Supplementary Reader in English for Class X. New Delhi: NCERT. 2018. pp. 46–52. ISBN 81-7450-709-4. OCLC 1144708212. ^ "The Short Stories of Sinclair Lewis (1904–1949)". Edwin Mellen Press. Retrieved December 31, 2013. ^ Pastore, 323–5 Sources[edit] Works cited Lingeman, Richard R. (2002) Sinclair Lewis: Rebel From Main Street. New York: Borealis Books. ISBN 0873515412. Pastore, Stephen R. (1997) Sinclair Lewis: A Descriptive Bibliography. New Haven, YALEbooks. ISBN 0965627500. Schorer, Mark. (1961) Sinclair Lewis: An American Life. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961. Further reading[edit] D. J. Dooley, The Art of Sinclair Lewis, 1967. Martin Light, The Quixotic Vision of Sinclair Lewis, 1975. Modern Fiction Studies, vol. 31.3, Autumn 1985, special issues on Sinclair Lewis. Sinclair Lewis at 100: Papers Presented at a Centennial Conference, 1985. Martin Bucco, Main Street: The Revolt of Carol Kennicott, 1993. James M. Hutchisson, The Rise of Sinclair Lewis, 1920–1930, 1996. Glen A. Love, Babbitt: An American Life Ryan Poll. Main Street and Empire. 2012. External links[edit] Sinclair Lewisat Wikipedia's sister projects Media from Wikimedia Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Data from Wikidata Sinclair Lewis at Curlie Works by Sinclair Lewis at Project Gutenberg Works by Sinclair Lewis at Faded Page (Canada) Works by Sinclair Lewis at Project Gutenberg Australia Works by or about Sinclair Lewis at Internet Archive Works by Sinclair Lewis at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) Sinclair Lewis on IMDb  Sinclair Lewis at the Internet Broadway Database Sinclair Lewis Society Sinclair Lewis on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1930 The American Fear of Literature NBC Biographies in Sound #43 They Knew Sinclair Lewis "Sinclair Lewis: The Man From Main Street" WBGU-PBS documentary Newspaper clippings about Sinclair Lewis in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW The New York Times review of Main Street by Sinclair Lewis (1920) Sinclair Lewis Papers. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. v t e Books by Sinclair Lewis Hike and the Aeroplane Our Mr. Wrenn The Trail of the Hawk The Job The Innocents Free Air Main Street Babbitt Arrowsmith Mantrap Elmer Gantry The Man Who Knew Coolidge Dodsworth Ann Vickers Work of Art It Can't Happen Here The Prodigal Parents Bethel Merriday Gideon Planish Cass Timberlane Kingsblood Royal The God Seeker World So Wide The Short Stories of Sinclair Lewis (1904–1949) v t e Laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1901–1925 1901: Sully Prudhomme 1902: Theodor Mommsen 1903: Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 1904: Frédéric Mistral / José Echegaray 1905: Henryk Sienkiewicz 1906: Giosuè Carducci 1907: Rudyard Kipling 1908: Rudolf Eucken 1909: Selma Lagerlöf 1910: Paul Heyse 1911: Maurice Maeterlinck 1912: Gerhart Hauptmann 1913: Rabindranath Tagore 1914 1915: Romain Rolland 1916: Verner von Heidenstam 1917: Karl Gjellerup / Henrik Pontoppidan 1918 1919: Carl Spitteler 1920: Knut Hamsun 1921: Anatole France 1922: Jacinto Benavente 1923: W. B. Yeats 1924: Władysław Reymont 1925: George Bernard Shaw 1926–1950 1926: Grazia Deledda 1927: Henri Bergson 1928: Sigrid Undset 1929: Thomas Mann 1930: Sinclair Lewis 1931: Erik Axel Karlfeldt 1932: John Galsworthy 1933: Ivan Bunin 1934: Luigi Pirandello 1935 1936: Eugene O'Neill 1937: Roger Martin du Gard 1938: Pearl S. Buck 1939: Frans Eemil Sillanpää 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944: Johannes V. Jensen 1945: Gabriela Mistral 1946: Hermann Hesse 1947: André Gide 1948: T. S. Eliot 1949: William Faulkner 1950: Bertrand Russell 1951–1975 1951: Pär Lagerkvist 1952: François Mauriac 1953: Winston Churchill 1954: Ernest Hemingway 1955: Halldór Laxness 1956: Juan Ramón Jiménez 1957: Albert Camus 1958: Boris Pasternak 1959: Salvatore Quasimodo 1960: Saint-John Perse 1961: Ivo Andrić 1962: John Steinbeck 1963: Giorgos Seferis 1964: Jean-Paul Sartre (declined award) 1965: Mikhail Sholokhov 1966: Shmuel Yosef Agnon / Nelly Sachs 1967: Miguel Ángel Asturias 1968: Yasunari Kawabata 1969: Samuel Beckett 1970: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 1971: Pablo Neruda 1972: Heinrich Böll 1973: Patrick White 1974: Eyvind Johnson / Harry Martinson 1975: Eugenio Montale 1976–2000 1976: Saul Bellow 1977: Vicente Aleixandre 1978: Isaac Bashevis Singer 1979: Odysseas Elytis 1980: Czesław Miłosz 1981: Elias Canetti 1982: Gabriel García Márquez 1983: William Golding 1984: Jaroslav Seifert 1985: Claude Simon 1986: Wole Soyinka 1987: Joseph Brodsky 1988: Naguib Mahfouz 1989: Camilo José Cela 1990: Octavio Paz 1991: Nadine Gordimer 1992: Derek Walcott 1993: Toni Morrison 1994: Kenzaburō Ōe 1995: Seamus Heaney 1996: Wisława Szymborska 1997: Dario Fo 1998: José Saramago 1999: Günter Grass 2000: Gao Xingjian 2001–present 2001: V. S. Naipaul 2002: Imre Kertész 2003: J. M. Coetzee 2004: Elfriede Jelinek 2005: Harold Pinter 2006: Orhan Pamuk 2007: Doris Lessing 2008: J. M. G. Le Clézio 2009: Herta Müller 2010: Mario Vargas Llosa 2011: Tomas Tranströmer 2012: Mo Yan 2013: Alice Munro 2014: Patrick Modiano 2015: Svetlana Alexievich 2016: Bob Dylan 2017: Kazuo Ishiguro 2018: Olga Tokarczuk 2019: Peter Handke 2020: Louise Glück v t e 1930 Nobel Prize laureates Chemistry Hans Fischer (Germany) Literature Sinclair Lewis (United States) Peace Nathan Söderblom (Sweden) Physics C. V. Raman (India) Physiology or Medicine Karl Landsteiner (Austria) Nobel Prize recipients 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 v t e Pulitzer Prize for Fiction 1918–1925 His Family by Ernest Poole (1918) The Magnificent Ambersons by Booth Tarkington (1919) The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton (1921) Alice Adams by Booth Tarkington (1922) One of Ours by Willa Cather (1923) The Able McLaughlins by Margaret Wilson (1924) So Big by Edna Ferber (1925) 1926–1950 Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis (declined) (1926) Early Autumn by Louis Bromfield (1927) The Bridge of San Luis Rey by Thornton Wilder (1928) Scarlet Sister Mary by Julia Peterkin (1929) Laughing Boy by Oliver La Farge (1930) Years of Grace by Margaret Ayer Barnes (1931) The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck (1932) The Store by Thomas Sigismund Stribling (1933) Lamb in His Bosom by Caroline Pafford Miller (1934) Now in November by Josephine Winslow Johnson (1935) Honey in the Horn by Harold L. Davis (1936) Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell (1937) The Late George Apley by John Phillips Marquand (1938) The Yearling by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings (1939) The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck (1940) In This Our Life by Ellen Glasgow (1942) Dragon's Teeth by Upton Sinclair (1943) Journey in the Dark by Martin Flavin (1944) A Bell for Adano by John Hersey (1945) All the King's Men by Robert Penn Warren (1947) Tales of the South Pacific by James A. Michener (1948) Guard of Honor by James Gould Cozzens (1949) The Way West by A. B. Guthrie Jr. (1950) 1951–1975 The Town by Conrad Richter (1951) The Caine Mutiny by Herman Wouk (1952) The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway (1953) A Fable by William Faulkner (1955) Andersonville by MacKinlay Kantor (1956) A Death in the Family by James Agee (1958) The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters by Robert Lewis Taylor (1959) Advise and Consent by Allen Drury (1960) To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee (1961) The Edge of Sadness by Edwin O'Connor (1962) The Reivers by William Faulkner (1963) The Keepers of the House by Shirley Ann Grau (1965) The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter by Katherine Anne Porter (1966) The Fixer by Bernard Malamud (1967) The Confessions of Nat Turner by William Styron (1968) House Made of Dawn by N. Scott Momaday (1969) The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford by Jean Stafford (1970) Angle of Repose by Wallace Stegner (1972) The Optimist's Daughter by Eudora Welty (1973) No award given (1974) The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara (1975) 1976–2000 Humboldt's Gift by Saul Bellow (1976) No award given (1977) Elbow Room by James Alan McPherson (1978) The Stories of John Cheever by John Cheever (1979) The Executioner's Song by Norman Mailer (1980) A Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole (1981) Rabbit Is Rich by John Updike (1982) The Color Purple by Alice Walker (1983) Ironweed by William Kennedy (1984) Foreign Affairs by Alison Lurie (1985) Lonesome Dove by Larry McMurtry (1986) A Summons to Memphis by Peter Taylor (1987) Beloved by Toni Morrison (1988) Breathing Lessons by Anne Tyler (1989) The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love by Oscar Hijuelos (1990) Rabbit at Rest by John Updike (1991) A Thousand Acres by Jane Smiley (1992) A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain by Robert Olen Butler (1993) The Shipping News by E. Annie Proulx (1994) The Stone Diaries by Carol Shields (1995) Independence Day by Richard Ford (1996) Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer by Steven Millhauser (1997) American Pastoral by Philip Roth (1998) The Hours by Michael Cunningham (1999) Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri (2000) 2001–present The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay by Michael Chabon (2001) Empire Falls by Richard Russo (2002) Middlesex by Jeffrey Eugenides (2003) The Known World by Edward P. Jones (2004) Gilead by Marilynne Robinson (2005) March by Geraldine Brooks (2006) The Road by Cormac McCarthy (2007) The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Díaz (2008) Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout (2009) Tinkers by Paul Harding (2010) A Visit from the Goon Squad by Jennifer Egan (2011) No award given (2012) The Orphan Master's Son by Adam Johnson (2013) The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt (2014) All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr (2015) The Sympathizer by Viet Thanh Nguyen (2016) The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead (2017) Less by Andrew Sean Greer (2018) The Overstory by Richard Powers (2019) The Nickel Boys by Colson Whitehead (2020) Authority control BIBSYS: 90131280 BNE: XX978875 BNF: cb11912899n (data) CANTIC: a11075934 CiNii: DA01398944 GND: 118572490 ISNI: 0000 0001 2128 7715 LCCN: n79023149 LNB: 000058064 NARA: 10583000 NDL: 00447607 NKC: jn19990005053 NLA: 35303835 NLG: 183738 NLI: 000084006 NLK: KAC199616568 NLP: A12705421 NTA: 069325693 PLWABN: 9810536248705606 SELIBR: 71146 SNAC: w6xt6jc9 SUDOC: 026988992 Trove: 904506 VcBA: 495/138557 VIAF: 39380311 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n79023149 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sinclair_Lewis&oldid=1003058447" Categories: Sinclair Lewis 1885 births 1951 deaths 20th-century American dramatists and playwrights 20th-century American novelists Alcohol-related deaths in Italy American atheists American anti-capitalists American anti-fascists American expatriates in Italy American male dramatists and playwrights American male non-fiction writers American male novelists American male short story writers American Nobel laureates American people of Welsh descent American satirical novelists American satirists American short story writers Burials in Minnesota Nobel laureates in Literature Novelists from Connecticut Novelists from Minnesota Oberlin College alumni People from Sauk Centre, Minnesota Pulitzer Prize for the Novel winners Writers from California Writers from New Haven, Connecticut Writers from Washington, D.C. 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