Hlöðskviða - Wikipedia Hlöðskviða From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Old Norse epic poem about a battle of Goths and Huns. Gizur challenges the Huns. Hlöðskviða (also Hlǫðskviða and Hlǫðsqviða), known in English as The Battle of the Goths and Huns and occasionally known by its German name Hunnenschlachtlied, is an Old Norse epic poem found in Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks. The poem's historicity is uncertain or confused, with many attempts at reconstructing a historical setting or origin for the saga – most scholars place the tale sometime in the mid 5th century AD, with the battle taking place somewhere either in central Europe near the Carpathian Mountains, or further east in European Russia. Contents 1 Texts, historicity, and analysis 2 Text 2.1 Extracts 3 See also 4 References 4.1 Sources 5 External links Texts, historicity, and analysis[edit] Main article: Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks Of the two main sources for the saga, "H", from the Hausbók (A.M. 544) early 14th C.; and "R", the 15th-century parchment (MS 2845). The final parts of the saga including Hlöðskviða are absent in H and truncated in R – the remainder of the text, is found in better preserved 17th C. paper copies of these works. The poem itself is thought to have originally been a stand-alone work, separate from the saga. It has several analogues, containing similar or related content, including the English Widsith, as well as Orvar-Odd's Saga. and the Gesta Danorum. The historicity of the "Battle of the Goths and Huns", including the identification of people, places, and events, has been a matter of scholarly investigation since the 19th century, with no clear answer. Locations proposed for the setting include a number of places around the Carpathian Mountains, and in the Valdai Hills; the actual battle has been identified as either Battle of the Catalaunian Plains (451 AD), between Flavius Aetius and the Visigoths under Theodoric I against the Huns under Attila); or between gothic king Ostrogotha and the Gepid king Fastida; or between the Langobards and the Vulgares (Bulgars) in which the Lombard king Agelmundus (Agelmund) was killed; or a post-Attila (d.453) conflict between the Gepids and Huns, possibly during the reign of the Gepid Ardaric; another interpretation makes the goths the Crimean Goths; whilst the battle itself has been placed as early at 386 AD, a destruction of peoples under Odotheus in a battle on the river Danube. Similarities between the story in the saga and the Battle of Nedao have also been noted. The identification of persons in the poem with historical figures is equally confused. Additionally any historical date of the "Battle of Goths and Huns" (whatever the exact attribution to historical events) is several centuries earlier than the supposedly preceding events recorded in the saga. Text[edit] The poem preserved as separate stanzas interspersed among the text in Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks. The poem in the saga consists of 29 strophes or parts of strophes, of which most are narrative not speech. Much of it is now in prose form, though it is thought that the original had been verse, with some textual evidence in the prose for a versic original. Tolkien (Tolkien 1960) supposes that it originally formed a complete narrative in itself, outside of the context it is now found in the saga.[1] Some damaged verses were recorded differently by different editors, and the text show signs of different dates of composition or recording in different parts of the text – including rich verses similar to those found in early eddaic poems such as Atlakviða or Hamðismál, whilst other lines are less rich.[2] The stanzas are generally numbered, but the numbering may start from the first poetic stanza in the saga, not the poem.[3] Extracts[edit] Heiðrekr, king of the Goths, had two sons, Angantýr and Hlöðr. Only Angantýr was legitimate, so he inherited his father's kingdom. Hlöðr, whose mother was the daughter of Humli, king of the Huns, and who was born and raised among the Huns, claimed half the inheritance, Angantýr refused to split evenly and war ensued, claiming first Hervör, their sister, then Hlöðr himself as casualties. The first poetic frame peoples and their rulers: Ár kváðu Humla Húnum ráða, Gizur Gautum, Gotum Angantý, Valdarr Dǫnum, en Vǫlum Kjár, Alrekr inn frœkni enskri þjóðu. Of old they said Humli of Huns was the ruler, Gizur the Gautur, of Goths Angantyr, Valdar the Danes ruled, and the Valir Kjár, Alrek the valiant the English people —(Tolkien 1960, (75) pp.45–6) Valdar is also named as a king of the Danes in Guðrúnarkviða II. After Heidrek's death, Hlod travels to Arheimar to claim half of the Gothic realm as his inheritance. In Hlod's demand the forest on the boundary separating the Goths and the Huns, and a "holy grave" is referred to, apparently an important sanctuary of the Goths, but its background is unknown. hrís þat it mæra, er Myrkviðr heitir, grǫf þá ina helgu, er stendr á Goðþjóðu, stein þann inn fagra, er stendr á stǫðum Danpar, hálfar herváðir, þær er Heiðrekr átti, lǫnd ok lýða ok ljósa bauga. the renowned forest that is named Mirkwood, the hallowed grave in Gothland standing, that fair-wrought stone beside the Dniepr, half the armor owned by Heidrek, land and liegemen and lustrous rings! —(Tolkien 1960, (82) pp.48–9) Angatyr offers Hlod a third of his realm, and Gizur, the old foster-father of Heidrek's says that this is more than enough for the son of a slave. On Hlod's return to the Hunnic realm, his grandfather Humli is enraged at the insult and gathers the army of the Huns. The poem ends with Angantýr finding his brother dead: Bǫlvat es okkr, bróðir, bani em ek þinn orðinn; þat mun æ uppi, illr er dómr norna. We are cursed, kinsman, your killer am I! It will be never forgotten; the Norns's doom is evil. —(Tolkien 1960, (103) pp.57–8) See also[edit] Oium, the Gothic realm in Scythia, overrun by the Huns in the 370s Poetic Edda, the poem generally does not appear in Eddic poetry collections (exceptions include Vigfússon & Powell 1883 and Jónnson 1956 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJónnson1956 (help)), but contains some poetry in a similar style References[edit] ^ Tolkien 1960, pp. xxi–xxii. ^ Tolkien 1960, p. xxii. ^ For example see Tolkien 1960 Sources[edit] Tolkien, Christopher (1953–1957), "The Battle of the Goths and the Huns" (PDF), Saga-Book, 14, pp. 141–163 Translations Vigfússon, Gudbrand; Powell, F. York, eds. (1883), "(Book.5 § 5) The Hun's Cycle : Hlod and Angantheow's Lay", Corpus Poeticum Boreale: The Poetry of the Old Northern Tongue, 1 Eddic Poetry, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 348–352, 565 Kershaw, Nora (1921), Stories and Ballads of the Far Past, Cambridge University Press, pp. 79–150 , e-text Also Kershaw's translation alongside the Old Norse Hervarar Saga og Heiðreks [The Saga of Hervör and Heithrek] Also in Kershaw, N., ed. (1922), "13. The Battle of the Goths and the Huns", Anglo-Saxon and Norse poems The Saga of King Heidrek the Wise (PDF), translated by Tolkien, Christopher, 1960 Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks [R] -and- Saga Heiðreks konúngs ens vitra [H] [The Saga of Hervor & King Heidrek the Wise], translated by Tunstall, Peter, 2005 External links[edit] Jónsson, Guðni, ed. (1956), "Hlöðskviða", Eddukvæði (Sæmundar-Edda), p. 354 , e-text v t e Norse paganism and mythology Deities and other figures Æsir Baldr Bragi Dellingr Forseti Heimdallr Hermóðr Höðr Hœnir Ítreksjóð Lóðurr Loki Máni Meili Mímir Móði and Magni Odin Óðr Thor Týr Ullr Váli Víðarr Vili and Vé Ásynjur Bil Eir (valkyrie) Frigg Fulla Gefjon Gerðr Gná Hlín Iðunn Ilmr Irpa Lofn Nanna Njörun Rán Rindr Sága Sif Sigyn Sjöfn Skaði Snotra Sól Syn Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr Þrúðr Vár Vör Vanir Freyja Freyr Ingunar-Freyr Yngvi Gersemi Gullveig Hnoss Kvasir Njörðr Sister-wife of Njörðr Jötnar Ægir Alvaldi Angrboða Aurboða Baugi Beli Bergelmir Bestla Bölþorn Býleistr Eggþér Fárbauti Fjölvar Fornjót Gangr Geirröðr Gillingr Gjálp and Greip Gríðr Gunnlöð Gymir Harðgreipr Helblindi Helreginn Hljod Hræsvelgr Hrímgerðr Hrímgrímnir Hrímnir Hroðr Hrungnir Hrymr Hymir Hyrrokkin Iði Ím Járnsaxa Laufey Leikn Litr Logi Mögþrasir Narfi Sökkmímir Surtr Suttungr Þjazi Þökk Þrívaldi Þrúðgelmir Þrymr Útgarða-Loki Vafþrúðnir Váli Víðblindi Vosud Vörnir Ymir Dwarfs Alvíss Andvari Billingr Brokkr Dáinn Durinn Dúrnir Dvalinn Eitri Fafnir Fjalar and Galar Gandalf Hreiðmarr Litr Mótsognir Norðri, Suðri, Austri and Vestri Ótr Regin Sons of Ivaldi Heroes Egil Arngrim Áslaug Björn Járnsíða Böðvarr Bjarki Brynhildr Fjölnir Guðmundr Hagbarðr Haki Heiðrekr Helgi Haddingjaskati Helgi Hjörvarðsson Helgi Hundingsbane Hervör Hjalmar and Ingeborg Hlöðr Höðbroddr Hrólfr Kraki Ingjald Jónakr's sons Lagertha Örvar-Oddr Palnatoke Ragnarr Loðbrók Rerir Sigmund Sigurðr Svafrlami Sinfjötli Starkaðr Styrbjörn the Strong Svipdagr Völsung Vésteinn Others Ask and Embla Auðumbla Aurvandill Beyla Borr Búri Byggvir Dís Einherjar Eldir Elves Dark elves (Dökkálfar) Light elves (Ljósálfar) Black elves (Svartálfar) Fimafeng Fjalar (rooster) Fenrir Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn Garmr Gullinbursti Hati Hróðvitnisson Hel Hildisvíni Hjúki Horses of the Æsir Árvakr and Alsviðr Blóðughófi Falhófnir Gísl Glaðr Glær Glenr Grani Gullfaxi Gulltoppr Gyllir Hamskerpir and Garðrofa Hófvarpnir Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi Sleipnir Svaðilfari Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr Jafnhárr Jörð Jörmungandr Móðguðr Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán Nine Mothers of Heimdallr Narfi and Nari Níðhöggr Norns Personifications Dagr Elli Nótt Sumarr and Vetr Skírnir Sköll Shield-maiden Þjálfi and Röskva Valkyrie Völundr Locations Underworld Hel (heimr) Éljúðnir Gjallarbrú Náströnd Niflhel Niðafjöll Rivers Élivágar Gjöll Ífingr Kerlaugar Körmt and Örmt Slidr River Vadgelmir Vimur River Other locations Amsvartnir Andlang Barri Bifröst Bilskirnir Brávellir Brimir Fensalir Fólkvangr Fornsigtuna Fyrisvellir Gálgviðr Gandvik Gastropnir Gimlé Ginnungagap Glaðsheimr Glæsisvellir Glitnir Gnipahellir Grove of fetters Heiðr Himinbjörg Hindarfjall Hlidskjalf Hnitbjorg Hoddmímis holt Iðavöllr Járnviðr Mímameiðr Myrkviðr Munarvágr Nóatún Okolnir Sessrúmnir Sindri Singasteinn Þrúðheimr Þrúðvangr Þrymheimr Uppsala Útgarðar Valaskjálf Valhalla Víðbláinn Vígríðr Vingólf Wells Hvergelmir Mímisbrunnr Urðarbrunnr Ýdalir Yggdrasil Events Æsir–Vanir War Fimbulvetr Ragnarök Hjaðningavíg Sources Gesta Danorum Poetic Edda Prose Edda Runestones Sagas Tyrfing Cycle Völsung Cycle Old Norse language Orthography Later influence Society Blót Félag Germanic calendar Heiti Hörgr Kenning Mead hall Nīþ Norse pagan worship Numbers Philosophy Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology Seiðr Skald Viking Age Völva See also Norse gods Norse giants Norse dwarfs Mythological Norse people, items and places Germanic paganism Heathenry (new religious movement) v t e The Poetic Edda Mythological poems Codex Regius Völuspá Hávamál Vafþrúðnismál Grímnismál Skírnismál Hárbarðsljóð Hymiskviða Lokasenna Þrymskviða Völundarkviða Alvíssmál Non-Codex Regius Baldrs draumar Rígsþula Hyndluljóð Völuspá hin skamma Svipdagsmál Grógaldr Fjölsvinnsmál Gróttasöngr Hrafnagaldr Óðins Heroic Lays Codex Regius Helgi Lays Helgakviða Hundingsbana I Helgakviða Hjörvarðssonar Helgakviða Hundingsbana II Niflung Cycle Frá dauða Sinfjötla Grípisspá Reginsmál Fáfnismál Sigrdrífumál Brot af Sigurðarkviðu Guðrúnarkviða I Sigurðarkviða hin skamma Helreið Brynhildar Dráp Niflunga Guðrúnarkviða II Guðrúnarkviða III Oddrúnargrátr Atlakviða Atlamál Jörmunrekkr Lays Guðrúnarhvöt Hamðismál Non-Codex Regius Hlöðskviða Hervararkviða Later poems Sólarljóð Manuscripts Codex Regius AM 748 I 4to AM 738 4to Hauksbók Flateyjarbók Codex Wormianus See also Prose Edda Norse mythology Skaldic poetry Old Norse poetry Icelandic language v t e The Tyrfing Cycle Attestations Hervarar saga Hervararkviða Hlöðskviða Connected by the sword Tyrfing People Angantyr Arngrim Örvar-Oddr Gestumblindi Gizur Heidrek Hervor Hjalmar and Ingeborg Hlöd Svafrlami Dwarves Dvalin Durin Locations Arheimar Bolmsö Gamla Uppsala Glæsisvellir Munarvágr Myrkviðr Reidgotaland Samsø Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hlöðskviða&oldid=989354966" Categories: Old Norse literature Eddic poetry Sources of Norse mythology Tyrfing cycle Huns Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description with empty Wikidata description Harv and Sfn no-target errors CS1: long volume value Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages Español 한국어 Íslenska Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 18 November 2020, at 14:38 (UTC). 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