id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt work_aebj5jbn6zaztc2ipdvcubxfr4 JE-AN GU MYSTERIOUS ANTI-GRAVITY AND DARK-ESSENCE 2013 6 .pdf application/pdf 3059 612 74 The need of anti-gravity and dark-essence in cosmology is the greatest scientific mystery in the 21st century. Keywords: Dark energy; modified gravity; dark radiation; cosmological constant problem. universe require an initial condition of the universe and a theory of fundamental fields/particles and interactions, such as general relativity for gravity and the passing the local tests, in any viable modified gravity model the GR limit must In addition to dark matter and dark energy, the recent cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations suggest one more dark component called "dark radiation" that represents the additional relativistic degree(s) of freedom. issues: the cosmological constant problem, dark radiation, and the stability of the energy density of the present universe, we may need to invoke one more dark the cosmological constant problem, dark radiation, and the GR limit of modified and BBN observations can provide important information about dark energy. anti-gravity and dark-essences in cosmology. ./cache/work_aebj5jbn6zaztc2ipdvcubxfr4.pdf ./txt/work_aebj5jbn6zaztc2ipdvcubxfr4.txt