DH2019_JING_V2


Jing HU, Leiden University
Hou Ieong (Brent) HO, Berlin State Library



https://dh.chinese-empires.eu/markus





Ø ONLY use Chrome browser







Automated tagging and 
identification of named entities 
in classical Chinese





Tagging of user-supplied 
keyword lists in all languages



With credit to Huei-Lan Xiong, Leiden University















Hou Ieong (Brent) HO









PLATIN

Palladio





Docusky





Personal 
names

Korean Historical 
Biographical Information 

System
Encyclopedia of Korean 

Culture

Place names Encyclopedia of Korean Culture The Map of Dongyeo

Bureaucratic 
titles

Veritable Records of the 
Joseon Dynasty

Encyclopedia of Veritable 
Records of the Joseon Dynasty

Books Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
Comprehensive Edition 

of Korean Literary 
Collections

Encyclopedia of 
Veritable Records of 
the Joseon Dynasty



§ User interface
§ MARKUS is designed at the early beginning to support multi language interfaces. 

(English, Traditional Chinese and Simplified Chinese)
§ It is convenient to add the Korean interface

§ Automated tagging
§ The tagging mechanism is dictionary based. So it is language independent.
§ New Korean dictionaries are needed

§ Web reference
§ Web reference is designed and implemented by external web services (API or 

iframe).
§ It is easy to hook up new Korean web reference by registering Korean markup to 

web reference









index.html

index_korean.ht
ml

index_english.ht
mlLanguage?

English

Korean



For those tiny UI 
fragments, 
it is implemented by using 
i18n JSON object.

For example:

{
Korean: ‘태깅 요약’,
English: ‘tag summary’

}





● Research background

● Korean interpreters of the Chosŏn dynasty (1392–1897) constantly travelled to 

Beijing as delegation members to implement Chosŏn’s tributary missions.

● Due to lower social statues, there is scarce textual source on interpreters’ visiting 

records

● Yŏnhaengnok (Chosŏn Travelogues to Beijing) mentions some names of interpreters, 

but their identification is usually unrecognizable in the texts. 

● Questions:

● Who visited Beijing as diplomatic interpreters?

● What is the relationship among the interpreters in one diplomatic delegation?

● Where did diplomatic interpreters encounter Chinese people in China? 

● ……



Textual source: 17 full-texts of Yŏnhaengnok (Chosŏn Travelogues to Beijing) 



Using automated markup to 
tag Chinese place names and 
Korean personal names



Using online biographical reference to discover the hidden interpreters in the text



Using online biographical reference 
to the hidden interpreters in the text



Retrieving and comparing with genealogical 

network data;

Findings: 

1. Genealogical ties existed in the 

interpreters delegation who visited Beijing

2. Diplomatic interpreters have (lineage or 

marriage) ties to prominence families.



Using keywords helper to retrieve 

accommodation spots



Using online reference tools to get 

coordinate data



Export tagged data to Docusky Platform (DocuGIS)



the Accommodation Spots in Pak Chiwŏn's Rehe Diary (熱河日記)



§ Hilde De Weerdt (Leiden University)

§ Kim Hyoen, Kim Baro, the Academy of Korean Studies