Presentazione standard di PowerPoint Why Open Science? Elena Giglia This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Photos are mine, available for reuse on Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/eg65/albums/ Elena Giglia Messina, Nov. 7, 2019 elena.giglia@unito.it @egiglia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/eg65/albums/ Take away messages Open Access/Open Science are opportunities, not threats Open Science and Open Innovation are connected Open Science: a different way to do science, not a set of rules …take Open Science «one step at a time» …the opposite of Open Science is «Bad Science», not «Closed Science» …barriers are social and cultural not technical… Open Science? …OPEN SCIENCE HOLDS A HUGE TRANSFORMATIVE POTENTIAL… IF YOU DON’T FOCUS ON ITS REAL VALUE, IT WILL BE SEEN AS THE UNPTEENTH ADMINISTRATIVE BURDEN … Open Science in practice? Open Science https://twitter.com/CaAl/status/966279936028958720 https://twitter.com/CaAl/status/966279936028958720 …thank you for your undivided attention! Please… …today let’s look at scholarly communication with fresh eyes… 3 QUESTIONS WHY DO YOU DO RESEARCH? DOES IT SUIT YOU, THE WAY IT IS? WHAT’S YOUR SHADE OF «OPEN»? Scholarly communication is complex… E.Giglia, Open Access, ovvero... Aviano 23 settembre 2015 RESEARCH EVALUATION New models (sustainability) Costs (real costs – «anelastic market») Economy (and profits) Tecnology PRESERVATIONAccess RIGHTS MANAGEMENT (authors, readers, publishers…) Disciplines and their tools (books, journals…) Production [Impact Factor] Scholarly communication: functions Rosendaal H. –Geurts P. Forces and functions in scientific communication:an analysis of their interplay, CRISP 1997 JOURNAL REGISTRATION CERTIFICATION AWARENESS ARCHIVING REWARD https://twitter.com/eggersnsf/status/966650401088000002 Feb. 22, 2018 http://www.physik.uni-oldenburg.de/conferences/crisp97/roosendaal.html Scholarly communication: processes Submission Peer review Acceptance/ rejection Publication No economic return …expected return: citations, prestige A blurred environment… http://figshare.com/articles/101_Innovations_in_Scholarly_Communication_the_Changing_Research_Workflow/1286826 http://figshare.com/articles/101_Innovations_in_Scholarly_Communication_the_Changing_Research_Workflow/1286826 THE MONEY ALREADY IS IN THE SYSTEM – AND WE CAN SPEND -50% … scholarly communication, today… May 2019 IN EUROPE 726 MEuro (underestimated) GLOBAL 7,6 billion (2016) +521% KEY MESSAGE / 1 TODAY READING IS NOT FOR FREE … we are paying commercial publishers to lock up our content … https://eua.eu/downloads/publications/2019%20big%20deals%20report%20v2.pdf …how does it like? Jon Tennant, Open Science: just science done right, Sept. 2018 https://twitter.com/Protohedgehog/status/985439318897410048 A.Holcombe, Aug. 2018 KEY MESSAGE / 2 THERE ARE HUGE COMMERCIAL INTERESTS (AND A HUGE WASTE OF PUBLIC MONEY) Nov.5, 2019 https://figshare.com/articles/Open_Science_is_just_good_science/7097738 https://twitter.com/Protohedgehog/status/985439318897410048 https://twitter.com/ceptional/status/1033113661546487809 https://twitter.com/Alexis_Verger/status/1191623261093842944?s=20 …and a bit of monopoly Peter Kraker, March 2019 Nov.3, 2019 https://zenodo.org/record/2602089#.XJTT-rh7m00 https://twitter.com/JohanRooryck/status/1191069641000603648 «Access»? …the same and the ones that until March 10 were closed behind subscritpions so expensive that Harvard can no longer afford… https://twitter.com/JKamens/status/948920680590004224 March 12: Thomson Reuters, Elsevier, Nature open for free all the articles dealing with nuclear pollution https://twitter.com/JKamens/status/948920680590004224 … if not, Sci-Hub would not exist http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/whos-downloading-pirated-papers-everyone March 10, 2018 May 21, 2018 http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/whos-downloading-pirated-papers-everyone https://twitter.com/bernardrentier/status/994466497283219456 https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/2018/may/21/scientists-access-journals-researcher-article [alternative ways to get a pdf] Feb. 27, 2018 Unpaywall … but it works only IF authors sefl-archive http://www.openaccess.nl/en/events/alternative-ways-to-access-journal-articles …does it work? …average publication time: 9-18 months Bjork 2013 …growing number of retractions due to falsified/fabricated data Fang, Casadevall 2011 …in the most «prestigious» journals …reproducibility crisis P.Masuzzo, Sept. 2019 …huge delay March 2018 …self-citations +179% Sept. 11, 2019 doi:10.1016/j.joi.2013.09.001 http://iai.asm.org/content/79/10/3855.full https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3435018 https://twitter.com/MCPievatolo/status/977928844580655104 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221212 … the system is broken June 2019 RESEARCH CULTURE IS BROKEN, OPEN SCIENCE CAN FIX IT https://youtu.be/c-bemNZ-IqA [retractions] …detected by a PhD candidate told to «shut up and write» March 14, 2018 Oct. 16, 2018 2013 97 retractions. If you cut them off, the systematic reviews shows increased risk of mortality and renal failure https://retractionwatch.com/2018/03/14/stem-cell-researchers-investigated-for-misconduct-recommended-for-roles-at-italys-nih/#more-62898 https://www.repubblica.it/salute/medicina-e-ricerca/2018/10/16/news/noto_cardiologo_piero_anversa_harvard_chiede_il_ritiro_di_31_sue_pubblicazioni-209108371/?ref=RHRS-BH-I0-C6-P6-S1.6-T1 https://retractionwatch.com/2013/02/19/does-scientific-misconduct-cause-patient-harm-the-case-of-joachim-boldt/#more-12494 Brembs, Digital Scholarship and Open Science need a digital infrastructure , Nov. 2015 … what about Impact Factor? Year X citations in year X to articles published in X-1 X-2 Total «citable» articles published in X-1 X-2 J.Tennant Barriers for young researchers, 7 Sept 2017 http://www.slideshare.net/brembs/digital-scholarship-and-open-science-need-a-digital-infrastructure https://figshare.com/articles/Barriers_to_Open_Science_for_junior_researchers/5383711 … evaluation? «Obsession» https://goo.gl/p6VzaS ROARS 28 marzo 2018 May 14, 2018 https://goo.gl/p6VzaS https://www.roars.it/online/impact-or-perish-lossessione-per-limpatto-delle-pubblicazioni-scientifiche-genera-frodi-e-condotte-abusive/ http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2018/05/14/the-academic-papers-researchers-regard-as-significant-are-not-those-that-are-highly-cited/ [your choice if you want to stay in the game, as it’s a dirty game] Springer Prospectus Apr. 25 https://twitter.com/jscaux/status/992730326828011520 https://t.co/elpG4zFGnK https://twitter.com/jscaux/status/992730326828011520 …a deadly embrace [WE ARE ON THE WRONG ROAD] Sept. 7, 2018 • PUBLISHING «A RESULT» HAS BECOME MORE IMPORTANT THAN PUBLISHING A CORRECT RESULT • GAMING METRICS IS AN OCCUPATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SCIENTISTS https://www.nature.com/articles/s41393-018-0193-9 ©Tom Toro, http://tomtoro.com/cartoons/#jp-carousel-135 Photo: NOAA National Weather Service National Hurricane Center …what about a different landscape? …a bit of inspiration… The best thing about Internet is that it’s open. In every field it let us share and innovate. In science, OPENNESS IS ESSENTIAL. Open science doesn’t mean ignoring economic reality. Of course we need business models to be sustainable. But that doesn’t mean we have to carry on doing things the way they have always been done. So, wherever you sit in the value chain, whether you’re a researcher or an investor or a policy maker, my message is clear: let’s invest in collaborative tools that let us progress… Let’s tear down the walls that keep learning sealed off. And let’s make science open. N. Kroes, Let’s make science open, giugno 2012 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6sJbi2eaPXc&list=PL579F6BE69794EAEF&index=1&feature=plpp_video …another world is possible P.Masuzzo, 17 Sept. 2019 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3435018 Open Science http://opendefinition.org/ C. Mac Callum, UKSG, April 2018 Sept. 19, 2019 http://opendefinition.org/ https://www.slideshare.net/UKSG/uksg-2018-breakout-setting-your-cites-to-open-i4oc-maccallum https://twitter.com/openscience/status/1174764829229207552?s=20 Open Science FOSTER taxonomy https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/foster-taxonomy/open-science-definition Open Science Tony Ross-Hellauer, 2017 Tennant Sept.2018 https://www.slideshare.net/OpenAIRE_eu/peer-review-in-the-age-of-open-science https://twitter.com/Protohedgehog/status/1043070665073586177 Open Science Sept. 21, 2019 https://twitter.com/Protohedgehog/status/1175431754250932224?s=20 Open Science and SDG Intervista, 5 min Keynote 1h20 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4DmWw0tViI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BV4wbPcikI4 Aug., 2019 Open Science https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15043 … a non-dialogue https://goo.gl/PbYLMM https://goo.gl/PbYLMM Open [collaborative] Science essere inclusivi 46.24 Inclusive Open Science, 7 Sept. 2017 Sept. 19, 2019 Oct. 19, 2019 Manifesto https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mIbXpc4zrtE https://twitter.com/LERUnews/status/1174593201975496704?s=20 https://www.idrc.ca/en/book/contextualizing-openness-situating-open-science https://ocsdnet.org/manifesto/open-science-manifesto/ Open Science P.Masuzzo, 17 Sept. 2019 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3435018 Open science rainbow… Open science: roadmap May 29 2018 https://www.leru.org/files/LERU-AP24-Open-Science-full-paper.pdf Another world is possible? B. Rentier, 2019 https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/233905 … [Italy / new players: MIUR] NATIONAL PLAN OPEN SCIENCE WORKING GROUP OPEN SCIENCE (RECTORS, RESEARCHERS, PUBLISHERS, LIBRARIANS, RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES) «COORDINATION-STRATEGY» https://t.co/ZWc3QAdZVD PLoS 2005 PLoS 2017 …another way of doing research https://t.co/ZWc3QAdZVD https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124 http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001747 …another way of opening up REGISTER THE GRANT PROPOSAL https://osf.io/registries/ https://aspredicted.org/ PRE-REGISTER YOUR STUDY https://osf.io/registries/ …another way of being reproducible https://the-turing-way.netlify.com/introduction/introduction.html R.Ainsworth, Sept. 2019 https://the-turing-way.netlify.com/introduction/introduction.html https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3403160 …another way of assessing MULTIPLE CRITERIA B. Rentier, June 2019 https://sfdora.org/ CONSIDER SIGNING DORA!!! https://indico.cern.ch/event/786048/contributions/3304623/ https://sfdora.org/ …you need publications… so, Open Access SELF-ARCHIVING PUBLISHING [Houston, we have a problem] OPEN ACCESS IN ITALY (PERCEPTION) - JOURNALS ONLY - ALWAYS PAYING FOR PUBLISHING - ALWAYS PREDATORY PUBLISHERS March 11, 2019 https://peerj.com/preprints/27580/ Why do we need Open Access? [or: where does the money go?] Corina Logan, 2018 https://osf.io/sy9f7/ Why do we need Open Access? Corina Logan, 2018 http://bulliedintobadscience.org/ https://osf.io/sy9f7/ http://bulliedintobadscience.org/ [a call: PlanS] …A TRANSITION LASTING 15 YEARS IS STILL A TRANSITION? OR IS IT MORE A «FURTHER EXPLOITATION»? WE NEED RADICAL AND ROBUST ACTIONS July 11, 2018 min. 30.09-42.00 and 57.37-1.02 PLAN S IS A WAY TO FORCE THE SYSTEM TO CHANGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYpFNRIEZWo [PlanS] Sept. 4, 2018 • REACTIONS • DEBATE • NO MORE HYBRID JOURNALS • TOPPED APCs • WHEN [AND ONLY WHEN] APCs ARE DUED, ISTITUTION PAYS • AUTHORS RETAIN COPYRIGHT VIA CC BY 3300 OUT OF 12514 JOURNALS WITH APCs 26% REVISED IN FEB. 2019 POSTPONED TO JAN 2021 https://www.scienceeurope.org/coalition-s/ https://unlockingresearch-blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/?p=2145 https://unlockingresearch-blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/?p=2148 [the biggest inhibitor is the system itself…] March 4th, 2019 https://www.researchresearch.com/news/article/?articleId=1380142 [transformative agreements] Rome, Feb. 21 2019 https://oa2020.org/b14-conference/ https://www.oa.unito.it/new/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Transformative-Agreements-Come-e-perch%C3%A9-02-PDF-optimiert-edited.pdf https://oa2020.org/b14-conference/ … another way of writing https://www.authorea.com/ https://hypothes.is/ https://www.overleaf.com/ http://thepund.it/ http://help.osf.io/m/projects https://www.authorea.com/ https://www.overleaf.com/ http://thepund.it/ http://help.osf.io/m/projects …another writing / 2 https://www.qeios.com https://www.qeios.com/ … not only articles… May, 2017 http://jupyter.org/index.html PREPRINT AND OPEN NOTEBOOK Preprints added value: • immediate publication • scientific priority • no post submission uncertainty • FOCUS ON THE CONTENT, NOT ON THE VENUE https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005473 http://jupyter.org/index.html … another peer review https://f1000research.com/articles/6-588/v1 https://f1000research.com/articles/6-1151/v3• REVIEWS ARE «PIECES OF KNOWLEDGE» • THEY GET A DOI • THEY ARE CITABLE • THEY SHOULD BE EVALUATED AS RESEARCH OUTPUTS OPR In practice Poschl 2012 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncom.2012.00033/full …not only texts… https://github.com/ https://zenodo.org/ https://www.protocols.io/ YOU CAN DEPOSIT DATA, SOFTWARE, IMAGES, POSTER, PROTOCOLS, WORKFLOWS… https://github.com/ https://zenodo.org/ https://www.protocols.io/ … FAIR data… METADATA, PERSISTENT IDENTIFIERS…TRUSTED REPOSITORIES, FORMATS ONTOLOGIES, STANDARDS LICENSES AND DOCUMENTATION R F A I FAIR guide, Nature, March 2016 TO KNOW MORE https://vidensportal.deic.dk/RDMelearn TO KNOW HOW https://www.nature.com/articles/sdata201618 https://vidensportal.deic.dk/RDMelearn [shades of FAIR] https://www.ands-nectar-rds.org.au/fair-tool Training Sept. 20, 2019 FAIR maturity https://www.ands-nectar-rds.org.au/fair-tool https://www.ands.org.au/working-with-data/fairdata/training https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0184-5 https://fairsharing.github.io/FAIR-Evaluator-FrontEnd/#!/ [AS NOW WE HAVE THE EOSC!] Vienna, 23 novembre 2018 Vienna, Nov.23, 2018 SEAMLESS ACCESS TO OPEN BY DEFAULT FAIR DATA https://eosc-launch.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/k_eosc_launch/EOSC_Vienna_Declaration_2018.pdf https://eosc-launch.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/k_eosc_launch/EOSC_Vienna_Declaration_2018.pdf …enabling services POSSIBLE ONLY IF AUTHORS SELF- ARCHIVE IN OPEN ACCESS https://openaccessbutton.org/ PUBMED LINKOUT 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 PubMed LinOut downloads 212.704 downloads May 2017- Aug.2019 [7206 average] https://openaccessbutton.org/ …enabling text and data mining https://twitter.com/LIBEReurope/status/965908252579057664 JOURNALISTS https://twitter.com/LIBEReurope/status/965901701902368769 INDUSTRY (Bayer) …YOU CAN’T SEPARATE COMMERCIAL/ NON COMMERCIAL https://twitter.com/LIBEReurope/status/965860097422450688 https://twitter.com/LIBEReurope/status/965908252579057664 https://twitter.com/LIBEReurope/status/965901701902368769 …going for a new discovery https://openknowledgemaps.org/ https://openknowledgemaps.org/ …[and above all, keep your rights!!!] ALL RIGHTS RESERVED SOME RIGHTS RESERVED DON’T GIVE AWAY YOUR RIGHTS https://creativecommons.org/choose/?lang=en https://creativecommons.org/choose/?lang=en Open Science??? https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/toolkit http://openscienceguide.tudelft.nl/ https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/toolkit http://openscienceguide.tudelft.nl/ Open Science: 2 messages Science was founded on openness. We closed it down. It’s time to open it up again. J. Tennant Oct. 16, 2019 https://figshare.com/articles/How_to_foster_a_community-led_cultural_shift_towards_open_scholarship/9988301 …whose side are you on? [when the wind of changes blows, some people build walls, some people build windmills] …WHAT ABOUT YOU? Thank you! Why Open Science?�Elena Giglia Take away messages Open Science? Diapositiva numero 4 Open Science Diapositiva numero 6 Please… 3 QUESTIONS Scholarly communication is complex… Scholarly communication: functions Scholarly communication: processes A blurred environment… … scholarly communication, today… …how does it like? …and a bit of monopoly «Access»? … if not, Sci-Hub would not exist [alternative ways to get a pdf] …does it work? … the system is broken [retractions] Diapositiva numero 22 … evaluation? «Obsession» Diapositiva numero 24 …a deadly embrace [WE ARE ON THE WRONG ROAD] Diapositiva numero 27 …what about a different landscape? …a bit of inspiration… …another world is possible Open Science Open Science Open Science Open Science Open Science and SDG Open Science … a non-dialogue Open [collaborative] Science essere inclusivi Open Science Open science rainbow… Open science: roadmap Another world is possible? … [Italy / new players: MIUR] …another way of doing research …another way of opening up …another way of being reproducible …another way of assessing …you need publications…�so, Open Access [Houston, we have a problem] Why do we need Open Access?�[or: where does the money go?] Why do we need Open Access? [a call: PlanS] [PlanS] [the biggest inhibitor is the system itself…] [transformative agreements] … another way of writing …another writing / 2 … not only articles… Diapositiva numero 59 OPR In practice …not only texts… Diapositiva numero 62 Diapositiva numero 63 [AS NOW WE HAVE THE EOSC!] …enabling services …enabling text and data mining� …going for a new discovery …[and above all, keep your rights!!!] Open Science??? Open Science: 2 messages Diapositiva numero 71