Bibliodata and scholarly primitives Bibliodata and scholarly primitives Marcin Roszkowski Bibliographical Data Workflows: discover, analyse, and improve them. 25.11.2020 Bibliodata and scholarly primitives • Focus: • process and context oriented perspectives on bibliodata • what do you do with bibliodata? • where do you place your activities in the bibliodata life cycle? • Scholarly primitives • common vocabulary that reflects basic types of activities related to bibliodata • shared horizon of understanding • Goal • explore the landscape of bibliodata in digital humanities • identify stakeholders • develop workflows for bibliodata beyond the library catalog John Unsworth* and scholarly primitives • Context • digital scholarship in humanities (2000) • Concept • basic functions common to scholarly activity across disciplines • basic type of information behaviour related to the research process • Approach • pragmatic and technology-oriented • to identify research activities for which we can develop functional requirements for technology that support them * Unsworth, J. (2000, May). Scholarly primitives: What methods do humanities researchers have in common, and how might our tools reflect this. In Symposium on Humanities Computing: Formal Methods, Experimental Practice. King’s College, London. http://people.virginia.edu/~jmu2m/Kings.5-00/primitives.html Example: Annotation as a technology- supported scholarly primitive • Importance • The idea of annotations is strongly related to the concept of interpretation which is one of the basic tasks that scholars in humanities perform • Conceptualization • Subject of annotation: digital assets, networked assets … • Mode of annotation: manual, semi-automatic, automatic • Type of annotation: highlighting, commenting, identifying, linking … • Access to annotation: private, collective, public • Context of annotation: website, digital collection, virtual research environment, … • … https://burckhardtsource.org/ + https://thepund.it/ Web Annotation Data Model https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/ Example: Annotation as a technology- supported scholarly primitive Bibliodata related activities and LIS • IFLA Library Reference Model* • user activities which are the basis for functional requirements of bibliographic records in the library catalog Find To bring together information about one or more resources of interest by searching on any relevant criteria Identify To clearly understand the nature of the resources found and to distinguish between similar resources Select To determine the suitability of the resources found, and to be enabled to either accept or reject specific resources Obtain To access the content of the resource Explore To discover resources using the relationships between them and thus place the resources in a context * Riva, P., Le Boeuf, P., & Žumer, M. (2017). IFLA Library Reference Model. A Conceptual Model for Bibliographic Information. IFLA International Federation of Library Associations and institutions. https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/cataloguing/frbr-lrm/ifla_lrm_2017-03.pdf https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/cataloguing/frbr-lrm/ifla_lrm_2017-03.pdf Bibliodata activities beyond the library catalog • LRM activities reflect the nature of the search process and exclude all the things we do with bibliodata beyond the library catalog • We need a more comprehensive perspective on bibliodata relevant activities rooted in a digital scholarship • Two perspectives • How does bibliodata support different scholarly primitives? • How to interpret bibliodata through scholarly primitives? Taxonomy of Digital Research Activities in the Humanities (TaDiRAH) Activity Description Creation activity of producing born-digital digital objects (e.g. cataloging) Capture activity of creating digital surrogates of existing artefacts, or expressing existing artifacts in a digital representation (e.g. conversion, gathering, discovering) Enrichment enrichment refers to the activity of adding information to an object of enquiry, by making its origin, nature, structure, meaning, or elements explicit (e.g. mappings, PIDs assignment) Analysis refers to the activity of extracting any kind of information from open or closed, structured or unstructured collections of data, of discovering recurring phenomena, units, elements, patterns, groupings, and the like (e.g. bibliometric analysis, data quality analysis) Interpretation interpretation is the activity of ascribing meaning to phenomena observed in analysis (e.g. contextualizing, citations) Storage making digital copies of objects of inquiry, results of research, or software and services and of keeping them accessible, without necessarily making them available to the public (e.g. archiving, preservation, organizing references) Dissemination making objects of inquiry, results of research, or software and services available to fellow researchers or the wider public in a variety of more or less formal ways (e.g. publishing, sharing) Meta-activities activities which, unlike regular research activities, do not apply directly to a research object, but rather to a combination of a research activity with a research object (e.g. teaching, bibliodata policy, bibliodata management) Bibliodata and scholarly primitives Results from polling session Bibliographical Data Workflows: discover, analyse, and improve them. 25.11.2020