10.11 interior 2,4-D 13 aboriginal people 451 Acacia 217; angustissima var. hirta 314; confusa 211; koa 176, 211, 226, 251, 358, mangium 211 acacia, prairie 314 accessions 328 Acer grandidentatum 394 achene 40 Achnatherum hymenoides 330 acid detergent fiber 172; lignin 172 Acoraceae 451 acorns 143, 144, 199, 220; storage 324 Acorus americanus 451 adaptation 139, 155; local 352; traits 140, 308 ADF – see acid detergent fiber Adiantum 1 ADL – see acid detergent lignin afforestation 46, 435 AFLP – see amplified fragment length polymorphism Agoseris glauca 125 agroforestry 305 airplane 343 Alaska 101 Alberta, central 406 alder, green 253; thinleaf 78 alfalfa 304 Alismataceae 238 allee effect 376 Allium acuminatum 212 Alnus crispa 253 alpine 114, 133 Amblyolepis 160 Ambrosia dumosa 146; pumila 229 AMF – see mycorrhizae, vesicular-arbuscular (VAM) Amorpha canescens 270 Amorpha herbacea var. crenulata 202 Ampelaster carolinianus 223 amplified fragment length polymorphism 154, 200, 221 Anacardiaceae 48, 50, 362 Anaphalis margaritacea 196 Andropogon gerardii 59, 153, 389 animals 166 Anthonomus 390 Apocynaceae – see Asclepiadaceae apomixis 152 Appalachians, Central 149; Southern 454 applecactus, Caribbean 164 application, large-scale 409 Araceae 168 Araliaceae 70, 72 arbuscular mycorrhizae – see mycorrhizae, vesicular-arbuscular Arbutus menziesii 130 Arctostaphylos 239; franciscana 410; montana ssp. montana 410 Arecaceae 75, 398, 393 Argyroxiphium kauense 89 arid 219, 243, 316 Arisaema triphyllum 168 Aristida beyrichiana 138 Aristolochiaceae 453, 454, 455 Arizona 146, 197, 354 arrowhead 41; broadleaf 238 art 207 Artemisia 140, 141; cana ssp. cana 55; tridentata 372; tridentata ssp. wyomingensis 412 Asarum 254, 255; canadense 124, 453 Asclepiadaceae 404, 433 Asclepias 404; 433 ash, black 102; green 46, 371 aspen, big tooth 107; quaking 107, 108 asselrue 15 Aster carolinianus 223 Asteraceae 8, 63, 89, 123, 125, 129, 141, 196, 206, 233, 291, 319, 342, 372, 376, 412, 425, 429, 444, 445 Astragalus bibullatus 54; filipes 273 Athyrium 1 Atriplex canescens 322; polycarpa 146; torreyi 322 auger 87, 121 augmentation 133; population 282 Auwahi 92 auxin 52, 73, 169, 414 awns 320 azalea, mountain 169; orange 169 BA – see benzylaminopurine Baboquivari Mountain 355 Bacillus subtilis 147 Balduina angustifolia 440 Balsamorhiza sagittata 206 balsamroot, arrow-leaved 206 bats 439 bay, Carolina 178; loblolly 34; swamp 178 bean, wild 172 bear root 302 beargrass 289 bedformer 323 bees, bumble 266, 420; ground-nesting 266; honey 266; wood-nesting 266 benzylaminopurine 131 bermudagrass 116 biodiversity 30 bioengineering 32; 310 biological control 267 biomass 59; yield 198 biosolids 223 bioswale 283 birch, water 78 bitterbrush, antelope 209 Black Belt Prairie 422 blackbrush 377, 396 Blackfeet 18 blender 123; modified 96 BLM – see Bureau of Land Management blueberry, velvet-leaf 399 bluegrass, Nevada 269; Texas 383 bluestem 9; big 13, 389; creeping 132; little 13, 76, 361 bog pools 397 bog, sphagnum 62 boiled 409 book reviews 67, 68, 81, 82, 97, 98, 114, 115, 134, 135, 149, 150, 166, 175, 189, 205, 214, 215, 237, 245, 256, 265, 287, 298, 312, 355, 356, 386, 387, 402, 403, 413, 419, 420, 421, 430, 431, 432, 441, 442, 456 Boraginaceae 258 borer, emerald ash 371 boroughs 435 Bouteloua curtipendula 59, 76; curtipendula var. caespitosa 452; hirsuta 337; repens 311; rigidiseta 338 Brahea 75 Brassicaceae 216 breadroot 263 breeding 61 NATIVEP L AN TS | 15 | 3 | FAL L 2 0 1 4 273 This index is constructed from author-provided key words and key words in titles. Scientific names were correct when published (according to cited nomenclatures) but have not been updated in this index to reflect current taxonomy. Numbers correspond to article index. Bold entries indicate refereed research articles. KEY WORD AND SPECIES INDEX bristlegrass, Catarina blend 339 British Columbia 67 brome 126; Kalm’s 76 bromes, North American mountain 154 Bromus 126; carinatus 94, 113, 154, 195, 308, 352; kalmii 76; orcuttianus 308, 352; sitchensis 195; tectorum 125 Brooklyn Botanic Garden 170 browse 209, 395; protection 209, 225 bryophyte 397 buckwheat, sulphur-flower 196 budburst phenology 183 buds, axillary 131 buffaloberry, russet 99; silver 247 bugbane, Carolina 15 bulb 36, 228; collection 212 bulltongue 41 bulrush 41 bunchgrass 297; wheatgrasses 406 bundleflower, rayado 116; velvet 116 Bureau of Land Management 100, 329 burnet 101 bush-clover, tall 314 buttercup 15 butterfly 404; migration 433; monarch 404; monarch waystations 433; rare 423; regal fritillary 448 C3 grasses – see grass C4 grasses – see grass Cactaceae 17 Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute 446 Calamovilfa longifolia 59 California 113, 190, 326; central coast 375; northern 93; 308, 352; San Francisco 37; San Francisco Bay area 375 caliper 106 Callicarpa americana 309 Callirhoe involucrata 119 Callisia ornata 440 camas, common 36 Camassia 36 camera, digital (see digital photography); single-lens reflex 264 Campanulaceae 129 Canada 81 canarygrass, reed 192 Capparaceae 333 Caprifoliaceae 96, 128, 364, 365 Captan 372 carbohydrate reserves 120 Cardamine californica 216 Carex 33, 128, 323, 397; nebrascensis 40, 203, 411; perigynium 40; stipata 351 Carnegiea gigantea 17 carrionflower 381 Carya 439 cased-hole punch seeding – see seeding, cased-hole punch Castilleja 158, 160, 181; angustifolia 159; applegatei 159; cusickii 159; exilis 159; hispida 159; indivisa 159; integra 159; linariifolia 159; lutescens 159; miniata 159; minor 159; nivea 159; occidentalis 159; pallescens 159; pulchella 159; purpurea 159; rhexiifolia 159; scabrida 159; sessiliflora 159; sulphurea 159 Catalina Island 190 catkins 293 Ceanothus 214 Celtis occidentalis 371 Center for Plant Conservation 54 Centrosema virginianum 306 Ceratiola ericoides 52 Ceratoides lanata 84 Cercis occidentalis 173; orbiculata 173 ceremonial plants 19 Chamaecrista fasciculata 161 Chamaedorea 75 cheatgrass 125, 240 Chehalis River Surge Plain 192 Chenopodiaceae 84 chestnut, American 318 children 279 Chionanthus pygmaeus 353 Chippewa 18 Chloris cucullata 340; Chloris x subdolichostachya 341 chlorophyll fluorescence 183, 318 Choctaw 18 chokecherry 232; colorow black 315 Chrysoma pauciflosculosa 440 Chrysopsis godfreyi 440 Chrysothamnus 444, 445 cinquefoil, Robbins’ 133 CITES – see Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CKWRI – see Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute clammyweed, Rio Grande 333 clonal 229 clover, western prairie 370 clustervine, Florida beach 120, 368 coastal dune 224; strand 120, 224 coconut 22 Cocos nucifera 22 coir fiber 22, 26 Coleogyne ramosissima 377, 396 Coleoptera 392 collaboration 250, 332 Colorado 74; Plateau 377 commercially produced 248 common-garden, study 155, 233, 280, 281 community stability, plant 30 community, people 279; plant development 406 competition 46, 59, 129, 240; biology 219; grass 426 competitive ability 426 compost – see container media, compost composted pine bark 147 concepts 136, 357, 413 conditions, managed 361 coneflower, purple 13; Tennessee purple 63 conifer 183, 255; plantations interference 93 Conradina canescens 73 conservation 29, 69, 70, 137, 175, 285, 353, 368, 384, 400, 439, 441, 450, 454; bats 439; biology 8; fish hatchery 366; horticulture 164; in situ 212; planting 422; Reserve Program 100 container media 22, 148, 440; biosolids 148; compost 147, 148, 223; disease suppressive 147; electrical conductivity 257; formulations 384; pH 243; recycled 244 container plants 88, 168, 173, 184, 347, 408, 443; production 147; seedling 7, 34, 53, 318, 451; soft-walled 449; Styroblock 254; tallpot 316; type 11, 163, 257, 344 contract specifications 171, 344 controlled-release fertilizer – see fertilization, controlled-release Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species 69 Convolvulaceae 224, 368 cordgrass, smooth 236 Cordia globosa 148 Coreopsis 160, gladiata 223; lanceolata 13; leavenworthii 233, 248; tinctoria 161 coreopsis, lance-leaved 13; Leavenworth’s 233, 248 Cornaceae 127 Cornus sericea ssp. sericea 127 cottontop, Arizona 292 cottonwood 12, 435 cotyledon 220 Cover Monitoring Assistant 373 CP – see crude protein CPB – see composted pine bark Crepis acuminata 125 crops, cover 283 Crosby Arboretum 300 crown diameter 46 crude protein 172, 304, 359 Cuisinart 122 cultivar 152, 153, 156; eastern gamagrass 359; release 186; American grass 59 NATIVEP L AN TS | 15 | 3 | FAL L 2 0 1 4 K E Y W O R D A N D S P E C I E S I N D E X 274 cultivation 175, 408 cultural practices, nursery 141 cultural significance, people 17, 19, 193 culture, people 36, 194 Culver’s root 331 Cupressaceae 96, 182, 260, 414, 415 cuttings 6, 12, 32, 34, 73, 109, 202, 260, 262, 399, 414; basal cut-surface 242; divisions 47, 49, 453; dormant pole 316; dormant stem 242; dormant whip 316; hardwood stem 399; installation 121; micro 455; mini 110; rhizome 457; root 108, 222; stem 47, 49; stooling beds 109 Cycad coontie 244 Cylindrocarpon 267 Cyperaceae 128, 203, 411, 416 Cypripedium arietinum 234; kentuckiense 391; montanum 79 daisy, Willamette 285 Dalea 142, 246, 349; candida 83; feayi 440; ornata 370; purpurea 83, 153 Danaus plexippus 404, 433 dandelion, mountain 125 Danthonia californica 195 Dasiphora fruticosa 270 database 23 deciduous 218 deep-pipe 31 defoliation 172 degree days 345 dehydration stress 318 derivation 281 Deschampsia 126; cespitosa 113, 195 desiccation 220 design, diversity enhancement block 284; ecological 300; Nelder’s 45; patented 294; response surface 45; systematic experimental 45; traditional 380 desired future conditions 278 Desmanthus 116, 142; illinoensis 83 Desmodium 142; canadense 83, 305; canescens 83; glabellum 317; illinoense 305; paniculatum 83, 314; sessilifolium 83 devil’s club 47 DFCs – see desired future conditions dibble 12, 121; double 88; homemade 12 Dicentra cucullaria 124 Dicranaceae 193 Dicranum scoparium 193 digestibility 304, 359 digital photography, camera 264; image 343; image formats 264; image manipulation 264; non-SLR photographic exposure 264; short course 264 Digitaria californica 292 disease 226; dieback 251; resistance 211; root 267; suppressive compost 147 disturbance 406, 428, 388 distyly 259 diversity 274, 276, 277, 313, 417, 454; interference 45 divisions – see cuttings DNA profile 200, 221 Dodecatheon species 124 dogwood, redosier 127 domestication selection 284 Douglas-fir 22 Dracopis amplexicaulis 161 dropseed, prairie 361 drought adapted 243 dry matter 359 Dryopteris 1 duck potato 238 Echinacea 217; tennesseensis 63 ECM – see mycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae ecological design 300; life history 8 ecology 8, 63, 93, 175, 355, 400; restoration 278; seedbed 55 economics 162, 201, 326; fire-driven prices 100 ecoregion 152; approach 284 ecosystem 9; function 366; groundwater dependent 398; restoration 329; roadside 278 ecotype 65, 140, 152, 153, 230, 329, 444, 445 ectomycorrhizae – see mycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae education, place-based 279 efficiency, fertilizer-use 357; nitrogen-use 357; water-use 357 Elaeagnaceae 99, 247 elaiosomes 423 elderberry 122; American black 365; common 364 electrical conductivity 217, 357 elevation 130; gradients 140 Elymus 126; 422; canadensis 76; elymoides 125, 321, 437, 438; glabriflorus 450; glaucus 7, 94, 195, 308, 352; lanceolatus 59, 328; multisetus 437; wawawaiensis 268 embryo 72 emergence 246, 291, 369, 377, 444, 445 encyclopedia 114 endangered – see threatened and endangered endemic 353 endomycorrhizae – see mycorrhizae, vesicular-arbuscular environmental stewardship 74 environments, field 55 epidemiology 226 equilibrium 412, 417 equipment, auger 87, 121; bedformer 323; Cuisinart 122; development 320; dibble 12, 88, 121; expandable stinger 121; hedge trimmer (gas) 25; hoedad 121; hydrodrill 44, 204; inexpensive 252; Jet Harvester 363; laundry spin dryer 39; low cost 128, 417; low tech 25, 252, 274; modifications 51; outplanting 12, 44, 87, 121, 204; power hammer 121; seed cleaning 96; seed drying 39, 418; seed harvesting 25, 363; seed sowing 77; shop vacuum 111; sickle bar mower 429; smoker 348; Trac Vac 51; vacuum skid steer 429; Waterjet Stinger 44, 204; Westrup HA-400 320; Woodward Flail-Vac seed stripper 213 (see also entries in seed cleaning and processing, seed collection, and seed harvesting) Eragrostis intermedia 354 Ericaceae 96, 169, 239, 399, 410 Ericameria nauseosa 444, 445 Erigeron decumbens 376 Eriogonum umbellatum 196; lanatum 195, 196 erosion control 281; shoreline 236; vegetative mats 26 establishment 13, 33, 76, 79, 116, 198, 246, 306, 328, 397, 416; grass stand 383; plant 261, 271; rapid 407; seed 161; shrub 209; stand 180 ethics 171 ethnobotany 36, 263, 355 ethylene 206 Euphorbia esula 343 Euphorbiaceae 343 Eurotia lanata 84 evergreen, broadleaf 239 evolution 29, 166 expandable stinger 121 expanded polystyrene 303 experiment, competition 45; greenhouse 397; mixtures 45; move-along 85 exported species 69 extinction 368 Fabaceae 91, 116, 142, 153, 173, 176, 198, 202, 251, 263, 273, 286, 291, 304, 314, 317, 358, 370, 395, 427, 443, 446 Fagaceae 16, 144, 145, 199, 318, 325 fall-sown 145, 185 federal 196; agencies 60; nurseries 7 fencing 90 fern 1, 150; bracken 93 fertility 243 fertilization 14, 141, 144, 217, 247, 252, 270, 424; concentration 243; controlled- release 106, 255, 357; regime 270 fescue 126, 208; red 26; rough 406 K E Y W O R D A N D S P E C I E S I N D E X NATIVEP L AN TS | 15 | 3 | FAL L 2 0 1 4 275 Festuca 126; hallii 406; roemeri 208, 280, 281; rubra 26, 208 fiber 172 field performance 358, 361 field requirements 32 fire 5, 9, 177, 289, 388, 290, 396; adapted 401; ecology 362; prescribed 177 firebush 148 firewheel 230 flaming 91 flatwoods 177, 223 flax, distinguishing characteristics 259 flora 157, 431, 432; Colorado 419; vascular 189 Florida 10, 73, 138, 148, 223, 288, 353, 440; South 224 flowering 228, 230, 405 flowers 237 food plant, perennial 283 forage 172, 422, 450; quality 304; yield 142 forb 2, 195, 196, 219, 291, 363; semiarid grassland 434; warm-season 13; woodland 453 forest 430; highways 188; Indiana hardwood 242; openings 79; plantations 93 Forest Service 329, 404 Forestiera pubescens var. pubescens 127 forestry 151; clonal 260 forests, eastern 241; urban 283; temperate 454 four o’clock, showy 184 Franciscan manzanita 410 Frankia 253 Fraxinus nigra 102 fringetree, pygmy 353 frost protection 247 fuelbreaks 240 fungi 112, 372 Fusarium 226; oxysporum 251, 267; semitectum 251; solani 251; sterilihyphosum 251; subglutinans 251 GA3 – see gibberellic acid Gaillardia 160, 246, 349; 230 garden(ing) 181, 193, 215, 275; trial 440; western 134 garden, rock 184 gardens, public 300 GDD – see growing degree days gene pool 29 genecological evidence 280 genetic, principles 152; resource 374; shift 186 genetic variation 139, 155; adaptation 152; conservation 280; considerations 151; diversity 61, 137, 154, 200, 221, 233; erosion 137; fingerprinting 200, 221; regional 308 genetics 24; primer 136 genotype x environment 138, 426 geographic information system 212 geographic variation 308 georeferencing 212 geotropism 53 Geranium maculatum 124 germination – see seed germination germplasm 156, 186, 272, 315, 319; Antelope Creek 438; ‘Appar’ flax release 259; Atascosa Texas grama 338; Bonita 354; Bounty 389; Chaparral hairy grama 337; ‘Continental’ basin wildrye 295; ‘Discovery’ Snake River wheatgrass 268; Divot tallow weed blend 336; Ekalaka 325; experimental 359; Fowler 327; genetically diverse 284; Goliad 342; Hoverson 446; La Salle 292; Mariah hooded windmillgrass 340; Marion 317; Maverick 335; native plant 269, 277, 313; natural 292, 317, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 364, 370, 371, 389, 446, 452; NBR-1 273; Opportunity 269; Pleasant Valley 438; Prairie Harvest 371; pre-variety 186, 281; Rattlesnake 321; South Texas sideoats grama 452; Spectrum 370; Vintage 364; Webb 334; Welder shortspike windmillgrass 341; ‘Windbreaker’ cultivar big sacaton 385; White River 330; Zapata 333 gibberellic acid 78, 80, 164 ginger 453, 454, 455 ginseng 70; American 69, 71, 72 GIS – see geographic information system Glacier National Park 193, 382 Glandularia 160 globemallow 346, 390; Munro’s 409 Glomus intraradices 113, 261 glossary 136 goldenrod 8 goldenseal 200, 221 gophers 297 Gordonia lasianthus 34 grafting, cleft 211; splice 211 grama, sideoats 76, 452 grass 61, 76, 94, 113, 280, 281, 308, 320, 352, 422; C3 59; C4 59; cool-season 422, 450; redhead 27; warm-season 14, 395 grassland 28, 277, 441; remnant 153; restored 153; western Oregon 286 gravimetric weight 449 gravity separation 78 grazing 422, 450 Great Basin 212, 240, 291 Great Plains 369 green industry 74, 380 green roof 283, 303 greenbrier 381 greywater 283 Grossulariaceae 127 ground cover 6, 350 groundwater, fringe 316 growing degree days (GDD) 345 GROWISER 79 growth, development 345; early 347; height 106; response 181; root 53; stage 345; stem diameter 106 guide 256, 265, 356; children’s 387; field 287, 419; identification 387; illustrated 189; nomenclature 437; propagation 97; seed collection 67; winter 442 guidelines, cultural 391 gulf prairies and marshes 332 Gymnocarpium 1 habitat 266, 297, 433, characteristics 69 hackberry, common 371 hairgrass 126 Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge 87 Hamelia patens 148 handbook 205 hardhack 405 hardiness, cold 75, 239 hardseed 314 hardwoods 151; bottomland 46 Harrisia fragrans 164 Hawai‘i 86, 90, 92, 176, 226, 249, 251, 358 hawksbeard, long-leaf 125 hayland 389 heat island effect 283 heat shock 362 heated 409 hedge trimmer, gas 25 Hedysarum boreale 345 Helianthus angustifolius 223 Heliotropium angiospermum 148 hellebore, false 428 hemiparasitism 159, 181 Hemiptera 392 Hepatica americana 124 herbage, nutritive value 307; yield 307 herbicide 65, 225, 240, 242, 246, 276, 277, 294, 313; application 294; imazapic 1, 240, 349; injury 246, 349; post- emergent 349; pre-emergent 246 herbivory 286 heterostyly 259 Hexastylis 454, 455 Hibiscus moscheutos 235 NATIVEP L AN TS | 15 | 3 | FAL L 2 0 1 4 K E Y W O R D A N D S P E C I E S I N D E X 276 hibiscus, marsh 235 hickory 439 Hierochloe odorata 19 highways, forest 188 historical and modern use 263 historical prairie remnant 103 history 193; natural 207, 393, 400, 441 hoedad 121 hollyhock, streambank wild 401 Holodiscus discolor 443 home region 230 Hopi Reservation 197 Hordeum brachyantherum 195 hormone, rooting 260, 399, 435 horticulture 275 host plant, nursery 249 huckleberry, black 399; mountain 378 hurricanes 178 hybridization 152 Hydrangeaceae 128 Hydrastis canadensis 200, 221 hydrodrill 44, 204 hydrogel 379 hydroseed 416 Hy-Gro Tiller 121 Hylocomiaceae 193 Hylocomium splendens 193 hyperhydricity 322 Hypericum reductum 73 IBA – see indole-3-butyric acid ICBN – see International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Idaho 68 identification 355, 442 IDS separation 78 ‘Iliahi 249 Iliamna remota 3; rivularis 401 Illiciacea 43 Illicium floridanum 43; parviflorum 43 Illinois bundleflower 13, 116, 198, 304 imazapic 1, 240, 349 imperiled 374 implementation 357 inbreeding depression 152, 280 index, seed 83 Indiana 405 indiangrass 13 indigenous species 28 indigo, blue wild 304; false 198, 304; wild blue 198 indole-3-butyric acid 52, 73, 131, 169, 260, 414, 455 Inland Northwest 387 inoculation 113, 147, 176, 253, 253 insects 392 integrated approach 278 Intermountain West 219, 243, 431 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature 158 Internet 23 interpretation 207 interseeding 116 Intertribal Nursery Council 197 IR-4 Program 21 irrigation 88, 217, 219, 252, 357; clay pot 31; drip 146, 323; ebb-and-flow 257; efficiency 31; flood 257; overhead 358; regimes 163 Iva imbricata 73 Jack-in-the-pulpit 168 Jacquemontia reclinata 120, 368, 224 Jeffersonia diphylla 124 Jet Harvester 363 Jiffy forestry pellets 443 Juglandaceae 145, 439 Juncaceae 128, 203 Juncus 33,128; balticus 203 junegrass, prairie 126 juniper, oneseed 182; Rocky Mountain 42, 369, 415; Utah 182, 414 Juniperus monosperma 182; osteosperma 182, 414; scopulorum 42, 270, 369, 415 Kentucky 150, 189, 296, 442 key 437 K-IBA – see indole-3-butyric acid Klamath 454 knotweed, Bohemian 192 koa 87, 176; wilt 211, 226, 251 Koeleria 126 Kosteletzkya virginica 179 Krascheninnikovia lanata 84 Ktunaxa Kinbasket 18 Lamiaceae 309 land, private 374 landowners, private 171 landscape architecture 74, 207, 275, 300; perception 380; preference 380 landscape ecology, disturbed 386 landscape, xeric 385; yard 218 Lantana depressa 223 Larix laricina 255 Larrea tridentata 146 larval host 423 laundry spin dryer 39 Lauraceae 178, 210, 436 laurel wilt-resistant 436 lead plant, crenulate 202 leaf greenness 405 legal status 165 legume 83, 91, 198, 304, 305, 306; herbaceous 314 Lepidoptera 404 Lespedeza 142; capitata 83; hirta 83; stuevei 83, 314; virginica 83 Lesquerella perforata 227; stonensis 227 Lewisia cotyledon 131 Leymus cinereus 295, 297; racemosus 59 Liatris 246 Licania michauxii 440 life cycle 69, 79 light 101, 120, 248, 445 lignin 172 Ligusticum porteri var. porteri 302 Liliaceae 56, 57, 58, 104, 123, 289, 384, 428 Lilium canadense 104; philadelphicum 228 lily, Canada 104; western red 228 Linaceae 259 Lindera benzoin 210 Linum, distinguishing characteristics 259; lewisii 259; perenne 259 livestock 422 living roof – see green roof lizard’s tail 35 locust, black 64; bristly 395; New Mexico 64 long-stem capillary 316 lotus, American 117, 407 Louisiana 306 lovegrass, plains 354 lumber, urban 283 lupine, Kincaid’s 286 Lupinus 160; latifolius 155; oreganus var. kincaidii 286; polyphyllus 443 Lycium torreyi 127 macerate/macerator 42, 232 Macromeria viridiflora 258 madrone, Pacific 130 Magnoliidae–Caryophyllidae 431 maintenance 65 mallow, Kankakee 3; marsh 179; Virginia saltmarsh 179 Malvaceae 3, 119, 179, 235, 291, 346, 390, 401, 409 mamane 427 management 36, 374; habitat 400; nursery 356; roadside 278 manzanita, Mt Tamalpais 410 maple, bigtooth 394 marker, molecular 200, 221 market price 60 marketing 167 marsh, tidal 421 maternal effects 426 meadow beauty 170 meadowsweet 405 mechanical application 294 medicinal 175, 283 Meehania cordata 6 Melastomataceae 170 K E Y W O R D A N D S P E C I E S I N D E X NATIVEP L AN TS | 15 | 3 | FAL L 2 0 1 4 277 mesquite 31 Metrosideros polymorpha 21 Mexico, northeastern 75 Miami 250 microbes 166 microhabitat 286 micropropagation 91, 131, 132, 234, 322, 384, 455; medium, Driver Kuniyuki Walnut 131; medium, Murashige and Skoog 131; medium, Woody Plant 131; cleaning protocols 384 Midwest 237 migration 30 milkmaids 216 milkvetch, basalt 273 milkweed 404, 433 Mimosa strigillosa 306 Minnesota 371, 403 mint, creeping 6; Meehan’s 6; trailing 6 Mirabilis multiflora 184 Mississippi 41, 161, 300; Delta soil types 46; northeast 422 Missoula Technology and Development Center 225 mist 414; interval 169 Mitella 124 mitigation 288; projects 24 Mniaceae 193 Mnium lycopodioides 193 model, heat-unit 345 Mohawk 18 Mojave Desert 377 molecular 157; marker 200; 221 Monarda punctata 223 monitoring 373 monoculture 46 monsoon 434 mortality 163 moss growth 217 mowing 219 Muhlenbergia asperifolia 272 mulch 31, 290; fabric 180; living 145; nursery 188; plastic 323; straw 185 multiple species 45 mushrooms 149 mycorrhizae 113, 424; colonization 424; ectomycorrhizae 112, 424; inoculum 261, 270; vesicular-arbuscular 112, 113, 261, 270 Myrtaceae 217 NAA – see naphthaleneacetic acid name change 157 naphthaleneacetic acid 52, 73, 260 narrow endemic 8, 63 Nassella viridula 59, 327 National Forest and Grasslands 277, 313 National Forest, eastern 430; Kisatchie 391; Mt Hood 155 National Plant Germplasm System 212 native alternative 259 Native Americans 18 Native Plant Network 23 native plant sector 74 native seeds, purchasing 187 native status 28 natural areas 137 natural heritage 69 nature 279 Navajo 18 nectar 433 needlegrass, green 327 Nelder’s Design 45 Nelumbo lutea 117 Nelumbonaceae 117, 407 Neptunia lutea 306; pubescens var. microcarpa 307 nettle, stinging 49 neutral detergent fiber 304 New England Wild Flower Society 81 New Mexico 78, 95, 354; central 434 New York City 435 ninebark 38 nitrogen 424; fixing 253; loss 217 nodulation 305 nomenclature 157 North America 97, 114, 115; western 60 North Dakota 432 no-till drill 383 N-sulate seed guard 254 nursery 5, 11, 18, 23, 26, 32, 38, 141, 144, 190, 196, 247, 331, 344, 350, 408, 413, 424, 433; Andrews 10; bareroot 2, 36, 109, 145, 254; container 2, 3, 10, 33, 36, 37, 182, 217, 252, 253, 254, 378, 394, 415, 449; education 167; forest 402; manual 356; Mexican forest 147; network 375; opportunities 32; production 56, 318; stock 24; tribal 356 nutrition 263 nutritive value 172, 304, 307 Nyctaginaceae 184 Nymphalidae 404, 433 oak 143, 185, 163; bur 325; island scrub 190; northern red 220; 257; Nuttall 46; Oregon white 324; poison 48; swamp white 199; water 46 oak savanna 195; degraded 195 Oenothera 160; caespitosa 231 ‘ōhi‘a lehua 87 oil sands 451 Ojibwa 20 Old Mill seeder 77 Oleaceae 102, 127 olive, New Mexico 127 Olympic Peninsula 289 Onagraceae 123, 231 onion, tapertip 212 Ontario 109 Oplopanax horridus 47 orchards, seed 151, 180 orchid 79, 256, 403; Kentucky lady’s slipper 391; mountain lady’s slipper 79; Navasota ladies’ tresses 400; ram’s head lady’s slipper 234; terrestrial 400 Orchidaceae 234, 391, 400 Oregon 270, 275, 285 Oregon Coast Range 195 origin 259 ornamental 223, 288 Oryzopsis hymenoides 330 Oshá 302 outbreeding depression 152 outplanting 86, 92, 183, 190, 202, 204, 229, 270, 344, 366, 388, 391; co- planting 88; deep-planting 316; dormant cuttings 310; large container 301; seedling density 201; survival 379 overburden sand tailings 132 Pacific Islands 245 Pacific Northwest 139, 277, 287, 313 paintbrush 181; indian 159 palatability 304 palm 75; oases 398; California fan 398; desert fan 393, 398 PAM – see polyacrylamide Panax quinquefolius 69, 70, 71, 72 Panicum virgatum 59 Pappophorum bicolor 335; vaginatum 334 pappusgrass, pink 335; whiplash 334 particle size 379 partnerships 33 Pascopyrum smithii 59 Passiflora 250 passionflower, goatsfoot 250 pasture 389 pathogens 118; forest 436 Paysonia perforata 227; stonensis 227 pearl seed 258 pearly everlasting, western 196 peat stability 397 Pediomelum esculentum 263 peduncles 131 pendimethalin 349 Penstemon 181, 392 people 430 perception 28; differences 74; visitor 300 perennial 4, 299; cool-season 383; herba- ceous 243; herbaceous Texas legumes 307; Texas 314 NATIVEP L AN TS | 15 | 3 | FAL L 2 0 1 4 K E Y W O R D A N D S P E C I E S I N D E X 278 perennials, desert 388 performance, agronomic 359 Perigynium 351 perigynium removal 40 Persea borbonia 436; palustris 178 pesticide 21; application 93; label 21 pests 402, 392 Phacelia 349 phenotypic variation 233 Philadelphus lewisii 128 philosophy 29 Phlox 160; longifolia 299 phosphate 132 photography – see digital photography phreatophyte 316 Phyllostomidae 439 phylogenetics 157 phylogeography 154 Physocarpus opulifolius 38 Picea 217; glauca 255; mariana 255 pickerelweed 288 Piedmont 454 Pinaceae 424, 449 pine, loblolly 162, 379; longleaf 9, 11, 53, 201, 347, 348; pinyon 449; ponderosa 93; straw 348; whitebark 267, 424 Pinus albicaulis 267, 424; banksiana 255; edulis 449; palustris 9, 11, 53, 118, 201, 347, 348; ponderosa 93; resinosa 255; strobus 255; taeda 162, 379 pitcher plants 62 plant, community 195; competition 8; form 24; populations 198; position 297; selection 30; size 209; tags 167 plant material 74, 323; development 30, 284; rangeland 437 Plant Materials Program (USDA NRCS) 332, 446 plant variety protection 186 Plantaginaceae 336 Plantago hookeriana 336; rhodosperma 335 plantain, Hookers 336; redseed 336 plantations 46 planting 12, 77, 79, 383; costs 326; depth 297, 369, 445; dormant cuttings 44; methods 121; mixed species 45; rate 395; season 369; tool 87, 121; wildflower 65 (see also outplanting) plants, alpine 114; aquatic 98, 288, 451; common greenhouse 243; container 89; culturally significant 197; Hawaiian 89; invasive 165, 286; wetland 98, 366; woody 366 PLANTS Internet Database 165 plasticity, adaptive 426; transgenerational 426 plasticulture 323 Platanaceae 127 Platanus wrightii 127 plateau 240 ploidy by cytometry 191 ploidy hybridization 140 Poa secunda 269, 426 Poaceae 14, 19, 20, 26, 59, 61, 94, 113, 116, 123, 125, 126, 153, 208, 268, 269, 272, 295, 311, 321, 334, 335, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 352, 354, 359, 361, 385, 389, 406, 422, 426, 437, 450, 452 pocosin 34, 178 point-of-purchase 167 poison oak 48; sumac 50 poisonous plants 115, 205 Polanisia dodecandra 333; ssp. riograndensis 333 pollination, cross 152; hand 216; self 152 pollinator reproduction 216 pollinators 266, 315 polyacrylamide 379; seed wafers 180 polyethylene 414 Polygonaceae 196 Polygonella macrophylla 440; polygama 440; robusta 440 Polygonum x bohemicum 192 polymorphism, seed 330 polyploidy 152 Pontederia cordata 288 Pontederiaceae 288 pool margin 397 poplar 110 poppymallow, purple 119 population 374, 444, 445; declining 439; differentiation 233; polycross 281; rescued 202; size 286 Populus 12, 105, 128, 197, 293; balsamifera 110; deltoides 435; grandidentata 107, 435; tremuloides 107, 222 portable refrigerator-freezer 262 Portulacaceae 131 Potamogeton perfoliatus 27 Potamogetonaceae 27 Potentilla gracilis 195; robbinsiana 133 power hammer 121 ppi 264 prairie 129, 219, 276, 277, 284, 313, 376; Canadian 59; clover, purple 13, 198, 304; eastern US 417; fen 103; Midwest 361; Piedmont 417; remnants 374; tall grass 2; wet 103 predation, seed 163, 185, 286; wildlife 185 pre-dispersal 286 pressure pump 44 pre-varietal 156; release 325 price, fire-driven 100 primrose, rock evening 231 principals 386 private property 171 production 100, 223; bareroot 117, 102, 255; commercial 71; operational 151; plant 71; plug 448; seedling 253; timber 151 production field 60; grass 190 propagation 4, 6, 17, 18, 35, 79, 86, 104, 120, 133, 141, 144, 170, 173, 179, 206, 208, 210, 218, 231, 351, 375, 393, 411, 439, 443, 449, 451; beautyberry 309; container 110; in vitro 384, 391; management 263; moss 194; protocol 89, 102; rare plant 8, 63; sexual 309; shrub 350; spore 1; stacked 222; vegetative 27, 36, 48, 52, 56, 73, 104, 106, 108, 109, 120, 169, 194, 222, 235, 238, 257, 353, 407, 414, 436 propagule 195, 216 Prosopis glandulosa 31 protective marking 70 protocol, propagation 102 provenance, seed 426 Prunus 232; pumila var. besseyi 270; virginiana var. melanocarpa 315 Pseudotsuga menziesii 22 Psoralea esculentum 263 Pteridium aquilinum 93 pure live seed 186 Purshia tridentata 209 quality 142; stocking 162 Quercus 143, 144, 217; alba 185, 199; bicolor 199; douglasii 16; garryana 324; lobata 163; macrocarpa 325; rubra 220 rabbitbrush 444, 445 Raffaelea lauricola 436 ragweed 229 rangeland 295, 327, 330, 370; seed 60; Triticeae 321 Ranunculaceae 15, 123, 200, 350 rare 8, 88, 391; wildflowers 298 rarity 63 Ratibida 246; linuron halosulfuron 349 recalcitrant 91, 143, 220 reciprocal agreements 171 reclamation 14, 29, 422; mine 132, 180 recovery 133, 282; Mojave 388; plant community 428; rare plant 63 recycled materials 303 redbay 436; swamp 178 redbud, California 173 redwood, coastal 260 reestablishment 209 reforestation 87, 92, 137, 183, 251; artificial 16; costs 162 regional effort 332 rehabilitation 89, 100 K E Y W O R D A N D S P E C I E S I N D E X NATIVEP L AN TS | 15 | 3 | FAL L 2 0 1 4 279 reintroduction 250, 285, 376; endangered plant 282 relative humidity 293, 412, 417 release 281; selected class 281 remediation 407 remnant guild 418 renovation 306 reproductive biology 8 research, collaborative 276 resolution 264 response, community 428; harvest 428 restoration 5, 7, 9, 12, 27, 28, 32, 37, 52, 84, 86, 90, 113, 137, 138, 151, 156, 163, 187, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 197, 204, 222, 225, 271, 277, 282, 284, 289, 297, 326, 332, 333, 337, 344, 354, 377, 381, 386, 388, 396, 397, 418, 421, 422, 424, 427, 433, 434, 435, 436, 452; disturbed areas 74; ecological 29, 55, 375, 382; gene pool concept 29; grassland 276, 313; habitat 280, 281, 374; methods 276, 277, 313; partnerships 279; prairie 76, 153, 208, 276; projects 24, 27; rangeland 438; riparian 105, 197; seed 404; stream-bank 32; techniques 177; Texas 337; tidal marsh 236; wetland pond 407 revegetation 14, 28, 32, 48, 50, 120, 137, 188, 203, 259, 271, 278, 290, 328, 332, 388; desert 146; prairie 389; roadside 373; roadside 374 Rhexia virginica 170 Rhexifolia 158 Rhizobium 176 rhizome 399; divisions 62; spread 328 Rhododendron austrinum 169; canescens 169 Rhus michauxii 362 Rhynchosia americana 307; latifolia 306 Rhytidiopsis robusta 194 Ribes aureum 127, 270; cereum 127 rice, wild 20 ricegrass, Indian 330 Rio Grande Plain 292, 332, 338, 339, 340, 341 riparian 12, 44, 301; vegetation 316; zone 32, 109 road 188; decommissioning 271 roadside 374; disturbed 278; vegetation 373 Robinia hispida 395 rockland hammocks 250 Rocky Mountains, northern 382 rooftop meadow 129 roost trees 439 root crown 315 root, deformation 344; formation 384; illegal harvesting 70; lateral 53; mass 120; nodulation 253; spiraling 344; vigor 310 root dip 379 root gels, polymer 379 rooting 52, 239; media 436 Rosa carolina 408; woodsii 128 Rosaceae 96, 123, 128, 133, 232, 377, 396, 408, 443 rose, pasture 408 rosemallow, crimsoneyed 235 rosemary, Florida 52 roundwood 283 Rudbeckia hirta 161, 223 Ruellia caroliniensis 223 rural-to-urban continuum 74 rush, Baltic 203 Sabal 75 sage, butterfly 148; tropical 148 sagebrush 140, 141; big 425; silver 55; Wyoming big 180, 372, 412 Sagittaria 41; latifolia 238 saguaro 17 Salicaceae 12, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 113, 128, 197, 293, 296, 435 Salish-Kootenai 18 Salix 12, 111, 128, 197, 293, 310; arizonica 106; bebbiana 106, 296; discolor 296; drummondiana 110; eriocephala 296, 435; exigua 106, 110; irrorata 106; lasiolepis 113; nigra 435; prolixa 110; scouleriana 106 salt marsh, coastal 37 saltbush, fourwing 322; Griffiths’ 322 Salvia coccinea 148; lyrata 161 Sambucus 122; nigra ssp. canadensis 364, 365 sampling 343; field 212 sand plains 332 sandalwood 249 Sanguinaria canadensis 124 Sanguisorba 101 Santalaceae 249 Santalum freycinetianum 249 Sarracenia 62 Sarraceniaceae 62 sarsaparilla 381 Saururus cernuus 35 savanna 418 scaling 104 scalping 347 scarification – see seed scarification schedule, planting 263 Schizachyrium 361; maritimum 73; scoparium 59, 76; scoparium var. stoloniferum 132 Schoenoplectus 41, 128 schools 279 Scirpus 33, 41 scorpions tail 148 scratchgrass 272 Scrophulariaceae 181, 331, 392 scrub, Florida 52 sedge 287, 351; awl-fruit 351; Nebraska 40, 203, 411, 416 seed 38, 56, 57, 65, 77, 79, 100, 106, 117, 145, 152, 163, 202, 206, 218, 231, 289, 309, 324, 381, 396, 398, 399, 401, 429; accessions 374; addition 276, 277, 313; biology 248; burial 368, 445; burning 91, 409; capsules 293; certification 186; certified 66, 354, 385; chaffy 383; coat 118; collection 293; damage 185; deterioration 55; forest tree 348; grass 195; infection 226; longleaf pine 118; loss 185; manual 135; mixtures 129, 219, 382, 406; moisture content 143, 296, 393; orchard 42, 151, 180; planting efficiency 77; polymorphism 330; prairie 374; prices 186; quality 11, 66, 118, 220, 328, 360; rain 286; set 216; size 326; source 153, 230, 329, 369; storage 41, 94, 107, 143, 190, 199, 202, 210, 288, 399, 418; viability 220, 232, 377, 397, 412, 444, 445; wax currant 95; weight 360, 382; Willamette Valley 274; woody plant 67; yield 59, 180, 359 seed cleaning and processing 39, 42, 96, 107, 111, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 161, 232, 236, 293, 320, 360, 367, 408; brush comb 320; drying 39, 418; gravity separation 78; moisture tester 418 seed collection 10, 25, 42, 57, 60, 102, 105, 124, 128, 155, 235, 262, 263, 293, 382, 447, 448; caution 208; ex situ 202, 224 seed dispersal 124; bear 178; bird 381; coyote 398 seed dormancy 4, 5, 42, 43, 64, 72, 80, 91, 95, 99, 101, 164, 248, 299, 302, 314, 327, 330, 346, 351, 353, 368, 369, 410, 434, 445; breaking technique 427; double 104, 182; morphophysiological 43; physical 119, 401, 409; riparian 411 seed germination 17, 20, 27, 37, 40, 41, 42, 48, 50, 55, 58, 80, 85, 101, 107, 118, 133, 164, 203, 206, 227, 228, 248, 263, 286, 288, 289, 299, 309, 314, 324, 331, 346, 348, 350, 351, 353, 360, 362, 365, 367, 372, 377, 397, 401, 409, 410, 411, 412, 416, 423, 427, 444, 445, 451; cloths 254; patterns 434; rate 43, 83, 130; smoke-induced 410; time 99 seed harvesting 25, 161, 171, 174, 177, 196, 213, 274, 429; brushing machines 320; commercial 187; cordless hedge trimmer NATIVEP L AN TS | 15 | 3 | FAL L 2 0 1 4 K E Y W O R D A N D S P E C I E S I N D E X 280 174; fluffy seeds 51; timing 444; wildflower 246 seed predation 163, 185, 286; insects 390 seed production 7, 51, 61, 66, 71, 84, 142, 172, 213, 216, 315, 323, 328, 363, 390, 392, 429, 443, 447, 448; increase 60, 323, 443; increase program 284; industry 100; methods 161, 196, 274; wildflower 349 seed propagation 20, 41, 47, 49, 62, 71, 75, 102, 104, 105, 107, 119, 159, 164, 178, 182, 210, 234, 238, 244, 258, 346, 353, 404, 433 seed scarification 64, 119, 176, 184, 314, 346, 353, 362, 365, 409, 449; acid 80, 99; boiling water 401; percussion 64; sulfuric acid 95, 164, 309 seed source 426 seed survival, longevity 94, 377; long-term 368 seed testing 66, 94, 191; accelerated aging 191; pop 367; tetrazolium 444 seed transfer 139; guidelines 140; risk 155; zones 139, 140, 151, 152, 155, 280, 281, 284, 308, 329, 352 seed treatment 5, 33, 39, 225, 299, 348, 369; after-ripening 72, 423, 429; chemical 118; combination 99; conditioning 127; IDS separation 78; imbibition 99; operational 409, 427; soak 224; stratification (cold-moist) 4, 40, 43, 72, 78, 80, 85, 95, 99, 130, 159, 178, 228, 299, 302, 346, 353, 365, 394, 396, 401, 408, 415, 416, 423, 434, 445; warm-moist 80, 394, 415 seedbank(ing) 133, 401 seedbed 254, 397 seeding 14, 290; cased-hole punch 180; date 76; depth 291; direct 326; establishment 388; grass 195; rate 198, 361; roadside 160 seedling 5, 18, 23, 286, 185, 211; bareroot 7, 16, 38, 107, 141, 144, 162, 218, 225, 247, 255, 347, 369, 379, 439, 443; container 267, 270, 443; establishment 11; hardwood 257; installation 121; morphologically improved 162; production 7; quality 257, 318, 347, 358, 425; stabilization 328; storage 183; survival 379; thawing 183 seedpods 226 selected 156 selection 152; plant 435 self-pollination 152 semiarid 316, 243 Senna covesii 290 senna, wild 198 Sequoia sempervirens 260 service-learning 279 Setaria leucopila 339; vulpiseta 339 shade 120, 307, 453; tolerance 305 Shepherdia argentea 247; canadensis 99 shop vacuum 111 shop-built tool 363 shrub 113, 363; desert 31; native 84 sickle bar mower 429 Sidalcea malviflora ssp. virgata 195 Sierra Nevada 352 silica gel 94 silversword, Mauna Loa 89 silvopasture, emulated organic 395 single-lens reflex camera 264 Sitanion hystrix 437, 438; jubatum 437 site preparation 65, 271 site stabilization 26 skid steer 301 slag refuse areas 14 slope, eastern 419 SLR – see camera, single-lens reflex Smilacaceae 380, 381 Smilax 381; smallii 380 smoke, cellulose-based 348 smoker 348 smokewater 289, 410 Smoky Bear 329, 404 snowberry, mountain 80 soaking 310 soil compaction 271; forest 271 soil seedbank 177, 368 soil surface 297; vacuuming 177 Solanaceae 127 Solidago shortii 8 Sonoran Desert 17, 31, 146 Sophora chrysophylla 427 Sorghastrum nutans 59, 153 source materials 137 source-identified 156 South 9, 441 southern plains 359, 383 sowing 128; broadcast 416; machine 77 spacing 201 Spartina alterniflora 236 specialty plants 21 species of concern 86 species, richness 46; alien 90, 166, 241; broadleaved 252; coastal dune 73; composition 129; diversity 219, 454; exotic 166, 195, 241; invasive 197, 241, 275, 276, 277, 313, 343; invasive control 192; legume 142; mixed 46; ornamental 148; prairie 274; rare 282; restoration 426; selection 290, 388; woodland 124; woody 353 Speyeria idalia 423 Sphaeralcea 291, 346, 390; munroana 409 sphagnum bog 62 spice bush 210 Spiraea alba 405; douglasii 443; tomentosa 405 Spiranthes cernua 124; parksii 400 spirea 405 spore propagation 1 Sporobolus 361; wrightii 385 spurge, leafy 343 squirreltail 125, 437; bottlebrush 321, 438 stand establishment 180 stands, grass 116 steeplebush 405 stewardship 279 Stipa viridula 327 stock, container 16, 146, 163, 183, 326, 388; nursery 261 stocking 162, 201 stocktype 87, 347, 378 storage, overwinter 425; interval 444; behavior 224; cooler 425; freezer 425; long-term 377; seed requirements 412 stratification – see seed treatment streams 275 strophiole 64 Strophostyles helvola 172; leiosperma 172; umbellata 306 Styroblock 254 subirrigation 217, 257, 357, 358; system 252 subjective labels 30 submerged aquatic vegetation 27 subsoiling 271 substrate 22 substrate, container (see container media); growth 399; sand 227 Suillus 424 sulfurflower 4 sulfuric acid 95, 164, 309, 365 sumac, Michaux’s 362 sunflower, common woolly 196 supply and demand 187 survey, green industry 74; nursery managers 425 survival 46, 230, 291, 297, 306, 347, 395 sweetgrass 19 sweetvetch 345 switchgrass 116 sycamore, Arizona 127 symbionts, obligate 261 Symphoricarpos albus 128 Symphyotrichum carolinianum 223 talc 77 taproot 53, 163 techniques, companion planting 88 temperature 83, 101, 143, 254, 248, 262; profiles 55 K E Y W O R D A N D S P E C I E S I N D E X NATIVEP L AN TS | 15 | 3 | FAL L 2 0 1 4 281 Tennessee 82, 442 Tephrosia virginiana 306 terminology 136 Terrafill 303 test, cold 191; electric conductivity 191; tetrazolium 191, 444 Texas 333, 334, 335, 336, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 400, 446; South 311, 332, 452 Thalia 41 Thiram 372 threatened and endangered 3, 8, 54, 63, 70, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 120, 133, 165, 202, 224, 229, 286, 362, 366, 368, 376, 400, 410 threeawn, Beyrich 138 Thuja occidentalis 255 tick-clover, panicled 314 tick-trefoil, Dillenius’ 317 tidal zone 37 Tipularia discolor 124 tissue culture – see micropropagation Tohono O’odham 17 tolerance 349 toppling 53 Toxicodendron diversilobum 48; vernix 50 Trac Vac 51 translocation 282 transplant 27, 133, 146, 378; establishmet 31; mini-plug 16 transport survival 133; public 207 Trautvetteria caroliniensis 15 travel corridors 433 tree 218, 387; improvement 151; traditional 245; tropical 135 trefoil, birdsfoot 304 trial, field 270 Trichoderma 147; harzianum 267 Trillium 56, 57; albidum 58; ovatum 58; parviflorum 58; persistens 384; reliquum 384; rivale 58 Tripsacum 359 Triticeae 268, 295 trumpets, giant 258 tumbled 127, 409 turnip, prairie 263 two-stage “scalping” auger bit 301 Ulmaceae 371 United States 81; Eastern 151; Midwestern 198, 448; Northern 265; Southeastern 98, 106, 124, 385; Western 100, 114, 420 unprotected 374 upland sites 306 urban lumber 283 Urtica dioica 49 Utah’s Choice 167 Vaccinium membranaceum 378, 399; myrtilloides 399 vacuum skid steer 429 value, cultural 380 VAM 80® 261 variability 95 variety 186 vegetation management, integrated 242 vegetative 381; cover 373 Veratrum californicum 428 Verbena 160 verbena, pink sand 285 Veronicastrum virginicum 331 Vespertilionidae 439 vetch, deer pea 446 Vicia ludoviciana 446 vines, woody 381 Viola 124, 448; adunca 447; pedata 423 Violaceae 423, 447, 448 violet, early blue 447 Virginia 103 volunteer 250 wapato 238 Washingtonia filifera 393, 398 waste 294 water, aerated 411; level 397; management 358; quality 33; use 217 water-efficient plants 275 Waterjet Stinger 44, 204 water-wise 275 weaning 163 Wedelia texana 342 weed 129; control 65, 246, 294, 343; perennial 241 weevils 390 West Virginia 149 Westrup HA-400 320 wetland 37, 170, 203, 223, 237, 288, 323, 351, 411, 416; construction 33, 238; equipment 301; plant 33, 35; restoration 238; shrub 50; species 41 wheatgrass, thickspike 328 white nose syndrome 439 wild harvest 69 wild senna 304 wildflower 51, 57, 82, 101, 150, 161, 168, 233, 246, 248, 331, 440, 456; Florida 230; mountain 68 wildland plantings 30 wildrye 126, 422; basin 297; blue 7; Canada 76 Willamette Valley 286, 374, 376; Seed Increase Program 284 willow 12, 109, 110, 310, 435; Arizona 106; Bebb’s 106; bluestem 106; coyote 106; Scouler 106 windbreak 371, 385; wildlife 315 wine cups 119 winterfat 84 wiregrass 9, 138; propagation 10 wolfberry 127 wood quality 201 woodlands, California 16 woods grown 71 Woodward Flail-Vac seed stripper 213 woody invasive 242 woody plant 24, 97, 241, 326, 381, 395, 442 Woody Plant Seed Manual 312 woolgrass 41 Xanthorhiza simplicissima 350 xeric 258 xeriscaping 259 Xerophyllum tenax 289 X-rays 220 Xyleborus glabratus 436 yellowroot 350 yield, forage 359; seed 180, 359 Zamia pumila 244 Zamiaceae 244 zexmenia, orange 342 Zinnia acerosa 319 zinnia, desert 319 Zizania palustris 20 NATIVEP L AN TS | 15 | 3 | FAL L 2 0 1 4 K E Y W O R D A N D S P E C I E S I N D E X 282